••y «?  ?i< 


m 


A  NEW 


GAZETTEER, 


OR 


GEOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY, 


OP 


NORTH  AMERICA  AND  THE  WEST  INDIES, 


CONTAINING 

I.— A   GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.    II.— A  GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OP 

THE  UNITED   STATES;    THE  DECLARATION  OP  INDEPENDENCE  AND  CONSTITU 

TION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.    III.— A  DESCRIPTION  OF  ALL  THE  STATES, 

COUNTIES,    CITIES,    TOWNS,    VILLAGES,   FORTS,    SEAS,    HARBORS, 

CAPES,  RIVERS,  LAKES,  CANALS,  RAIL-ROADS,  MOUNTAINS,  &c. 

CONNECTED  WITH  NORTH  AMERICA; 


WITH  THE  EXTENT,  BOUNDARIES  AND  NATURAL  PRODUCTIONS  OF  EACH  STATE ;  THE  BEARING  AND  DISTANCE 

OF  REMARKABLE  PLACES  FROM  EACH  OTHER  AND  OF  EACH  FROM  THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON, 

WITH  THE  POPULATION  ACCORDING  TO  THE  CENSUS  OF  1830. 


CONTAINING 


LIKEWISE  MANY  TABLES  RELATING  TO  THE  COMMERCE,  POPULATION,  REVENUE, 
DEBT,  AND  VARIOUS  INSTITUTIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


COMPILED  FROM  THE  MOST  RECENT  AND  AUTHENTIC  SOURCES 


BY  BISHOP  DAVENPORT. 


Baltimore: 

PUBLISHED  BY  GEORGE  M'DOWELL  &  SON. 
1833. 


Entered  according  to  the  act  of  congress,  in  the  year  1832,  by  George 
M'Dowell  &  George  H.  M'Dowell,  in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  district  court  of 
Maryland. 


STEREOTYPED   BY   J.    HOWE. 


NORTH   AMERICA. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION. 

NORTH  AMERICA  extends  from  the  Isthmus  of  Darien,  N.  lat.  8°      Extent 
to  the  utmost  known  regions  of  the  north,  and  spreads  from  Beh- 
ring's  Straits  to  those  of  Bellisle,  or  rather,  to  embrace  Greenland.    Its  breadth 
is  very  irregular,  not  exceeding  15  or  20  miles  near  Panama ;  whilst  from  Beh- 
ring's  Straits  to  the  Straits  of  Bellisle,  it  extends  to  a  distance  of  3,300  geo 
graphical,  or  3,800  English  miles,  bearing  N.  76°  W.     From  the  Straits  of 
Bellisle  to  the  isthmus  of  Darien,  is  4,500  geographical,  equal  to  5212  English 
miles. 

North  America  is  traversed  by  two  great  chains,  and  several  minor    _ 

mi        »  i  •  «  •  Mountains. 

ranges  of  mountains.  The  Appalachian  or  Alleghany  mountains, 
extend  through  the  United  States  from  NE.  to  S  W.  from  the  state  of  New  York 
to  Georgia,  Alabama,  and  Mississippi,  with  a  mean  width  of  about  50  miles. 
Several  detached  ranges  or  groups  rise  NE.  off  the  Hudson,  and  SE.  off  the 
St.  Lawrence.  The  Masserne,  or  Ozark  mountains,  extend  from  the  centre  of 
the  state  of  Missouri  towards  Texas,  in  a  direction  nearly  parallel  to  the  Appa 
lachian  chain.  The  length  of  the  Appalachian  is  about  900  miles,  with  a  mean 
elevation  of  from  1,200  to  2,000  feet.  The  extent  of  the  Masserne  chain,  is 
not  very  accurately  known,  but  must  exceed  600  miles ;  its  mean  height  can 
not,  in  the  present  state  of  geographical  knowledge,  be  estimated  with  any  ap 
proximate  degree  of  accuracy.  The  great  spine  of  North  America,  is  the  Chip- 
pewan,  Rocky,  or  as  it  is  termed  in  Mexico,  that  of  Anahuac.  This  immense 
chain  reaches  from  the  peninsula  of  Tehuantepec,  N.  lat.  16°,  to  the  Frozen 
Ocean  at  N.  lat.  68°,  or  through  upwards  of  50  degrees  of  latitude ;  encircling 
nearly  one-seventh  part  of  the  globe.  In  neither  the  Appalachian,  or  Masserne 
chains,  nor  in  any  of  their  neighboring  groups,  have  any  active  or  extinct  vol 
canoes  been  discovered ;  but  in  the  southern  part  of  the  great  central  chain,  an 
immense  range  of  volcanoes  or  volcanic  summits  rise  to  from  10,000  to  17,700 
feet.  It  is  generally  supposed  that  the  mountains  of  the  isthmus  of  Darien,  are 
continuations  of  the  chain  of  Anahuac ;  but  there  is  strong  reason  to  believe, 
that  the  former  are  distinct  and  unconnected  with  the  latter.  A  nameless  range 
skirts  along  the  Pacific  Ocean,  which,  from  the  defective  surveys  yet  taken, 
cannot  be  very  distinctly  delineated.  That  part  of  North  America  west  of  the 
Chippewan  mountains,  and  north  of  Colorado  river,  except  the  central  parts  of 
the  valley  of  Columbia,  remains  either  imperfectly  or  entirely  unknown. 

North  America  has  five  great  systems  of  rivers ;  that  of  the  At 
lantic  Ocean ;  that  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  that  of  the  Frozen  Ocean ; 
that  of  Hudson's  Bay ;  and  that  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  In  the  Atlantic  system, 
the  principal  rivers  are,  St.  Johns  of  Florida,  Altamaha,  Savannah,  Santee, 
Pedee,  Cape  Fear,  Roanoke,  James,  Potomac,  Susquehanna,  Delaware,  Hudson, 
Connecticut,  Kenebec,  Penobscot,  St.  John's  of  New  Brunswick,  and  St.  Law 
rence.  In  the  system  of  Hudson's  Bay  are  included,  besides  many  streams  of 
lesser  note,  Rupert's,  Albany,  Severn,  and  Sashasshawin  rivers.  Into  the  North 
ern  Ocean,  M'Kenzie's  river  is  the  only  stream  of  considerable  magnitude  yet 
known,  to  enter  from  the  continent  of  North  America.  The  rivers  of  the  cen- 
tral  valley  of  North  America,  are  discharged  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  amongst 
which  the  Mississippi  presents  its  overwhelming  flood ;  but  besides  that  vast 
river,  the  Appalachicola,  Mobile,  Colorado  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  Rio  Grande 
del  Norte,  and  several  others,  are  streams  of  great  magnitude.  The  Santiago, 
Hiaqui,  the  Colorado  of  the  gulf  of  California,  and  the  Columbia,  are  the  only 


*? 

S.  JB 


6*  ''GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 

extensive  rivers,  the  courses  of  which  are  correctly  known,  which  enter  th« 
Pacific  Ocean  from  the  continent  of  North  America. 

Div'sions      '  North  America  comprises  three  great  divisions ;  1st,  British  Amer 
ica,  in  the  north ;  2d,  the  United  States,  in  the  middle ;  and  3d 
Mexico  and  Guatimala,  or  Central  America,  in  the  south :  in  addition  to  these. 
Greenland,  in  the  north-east,  belongs  to  Denmark ;  and  there  are  Russian  pos 
sessions  in  the  north-west. 

The  most  important  islands  are  Newfoundland,  Cape  Breton,  St. 
John's,  Rhode  Island,  Long  Island,  and  the  Bermudas,  on  the  east 
ern  coast ;  Queen  Charlotte's  Island,  Quadra  and  Vancouver's  Island,  King 
George's  Island,  and  the  Fox  Islands,  on  the  western  coast. 
Bays,  Gulfs,       The  five  largest  Bays,  or  Gulfs,  are  Baffin's  and  Hudson's  bays ; 
and  Lakes.'  an(j  the  gulfs  of  St.  Lawrence,  Mexico,  and  California.     The  Lakes 
of  North  America  are  the  largest  collections  of  fresh  water  in  the  world.    Some 
of  the  principal  ones  are  lakes  Superior,  Huron,  Michigan,  Erie,  Ontario,  Win- 
nipeg,  Athapescow,  Slave  Lake,  and  Great  Bear  Lake.     The  largest  of  these 
great  lakes  is  lake  Superior,  which  is  490  miles  in  length,  and  is  as  much  af 
fected  by  storms  as  the  ocean.     It  is  remarkable  for  the  transparency  of  its 
waters,  and  abounds  in  fish.     The  Pictured  Rocks,  on  the  south  side  of  lake 
Superior,  are  a  range  of  precipitous  cliffs,  rising  to  the  height  of  300  feet,  and 
are  regarded  as  a  great  curiosity. 

inhabitants       ^e  mnakitants  may  be  divided  into  three  classes—  Whites,  Ne 
groes,  and  Indians.     The  whites  are  descendants  of  Europeans, 
who  have  migrated  to  America  since  its  discovery.     The  negroes  are  mostly 
held  in  slavery,  and  are  descendants  of  Africans  forced  from  their  native 
country. 

The  Indians  are  the  aborigines  of  the  country,  and  generally 
savage.  They  are  of  a  copper  complexion,  fierce  aspect,  tall, 
straight,  athletic,  and  capable  of  enduring  great  fatigue.  They  are  hospitable 
and  generous,  faithful  in  their  friendship,  but  implacable  in  their  resentments. 
Their  common  occupations  are  hunting,  fishing,  and  war.  At  the  time  of  the 
discovery  of  America,  the  natives,  in  some  parts,  particularly  in  Mexico  and 
Peru,  were  considerably  advanced  in  civilization.  For  the  most  part,  they  con 
tinue  a  distinct  people,  and  retain  their  savage  customs ;  but  in  some  instances 
they  have  mingled  with  the  white  population.  In  North  America,  they  possess 
almost  all  the  countr^?  except  the  southern  and  eastern  parts ;  that  is,  the  north 
ern  part  of  Mexico,  most  of  the  territory  of  the  United  States  which  lies  west 
of  the  Mississippi,  and  nearly  all  the  vast  regions  which  lie  north  of  the  United 
States'  territory,  and  west  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Customs         The  following  account  is  mostly  taken  from  the  American  Ency- 
and  Dispo-  clopedia :— ~ When  the  Europeans  first  arrived  in  America,  they 
N*  American6  found  the  Indians  quite  naked,  except  those  parts  which  even  the 
Indians.     m0st  uncultivated  people  usually  conceal.    Since  that  time,  however, 
they  generally  use  a  coarse  blanket,  which  they  buy  of  the  neighboring  planters. 
Their  huts,  or  cabins,  are  made  of  stakes  of  wood  driven  into 
uts,  tc.     ^e  ground,  and  covered  with  branches  of  trees  or  reeds.     They  lie 
on  the  floor,  either  on  mats  or  the  skins  of  wild  beasts.     Their  dishes  are  of 
timber ;  but  their  spoons  are  made  of  the  skulls  of  wild  oxen,  and  their  knives 
of  flint.     A  kettle  and  a  large  plate  constitute  almost  the  whole  utensils  of  the 
family.     Cartwright  assures  us,  that  in  Labrador,  he  met  with  a  family  of  na 
tives  who  were  living  in  a  cavern  hollowed  out  of  the  snow.     This  extraordi 
nary  habitation  was  seven  feet  high,  ten  or  twelve  in  diameter,  and  was  shaped 
like  an  oven,     A  large  piece  of  ice  served  as  a  door.     A  lamp  lighted  the  in- 
side,  in  which  the  inhabitants  were  lying  on  skins.     At  a  short  distance  was  a 
kitchen,  likewise  constructed  of  snow.     They  describe  a  circle  on  the  frozen 
enow,  and  cutting  it  into  segments  with  their  knives,  build  it  up  with  great  reg- 


NORTti  AMERICA.  ? 

ularity,  till  the  blocks  of  snow  meet  at  the  top,  and  constitute  a  graceful  dome. 
Captain  Parry  says  their  huts  are  numerous  in  many  parts  of  Melville  Islands, 
in  latitude  74°  N.,  and  that  he  saw  many  of  the  natives  in  the  islands  of  the 
Archipelago  of  Barrow's  Straits,  though  their  timidity  prevented  any  inter 
course.  These  polar  men  are  little,  squat,  and  feeble ;  their  complexion  par 
takes  less  of  a  copper  hue,  than  of  a  reddish  and  dirty  yellow. 

There  is  established  in  each  society  a  certain  species  of  govern-  Form  of 
ment,  which  prevails  over  the  whole  continent  of  America,  with  ex-  Government, 
ceeding  little  variation ;  because  over  the  whole  of  this  continent  the  manners 
and  way  of  life  are  nearly  similar  and  uniform.  Without  arts,  riches,  or  lux 
ury,  the  great  instruments  of  subjection  in  polished  societies,  an  American  has 
no  method  by  which  he  can  render  himself  considerable  among  his  compan 
ions,  but  by  superiority  in  personal  qualities  of  body  or  mind*  But,  as  nature 
has  not  been  very  lavish  in  her  personal  distinctions,  where  all  enjoy  the  same 
education,  all  are  pretty  much  on  an  equality,  and  will  desire  to  remain  so. 
Liberty,  therefore,  is  the  prevailing  passion  oif  the  Americans ;  and  their  gov 
ernment,  under  the  influence  of  this  sentiment,  is,  perhaps,  better  secured  than 
by  the  wisest  political  regulations.  They  are  very  far,  however,  from  despi 
sing  all  sort  of  authority :  they  are  attentive  to  the  voice  of  wisdom,  which  ex 
perience  has  conferred  on  the  aged,  and  they  enlist  under  the  banners  of  the 
chief  in  whose  valor  and  military  address  they  have  learned  to  repose  a  just 
and  merited  confidence.  In  every  society,  therefore,  there  is  to  be  considered 
the  power  of  the  chiefs  and  of  the  elders.  Among  those  tribes  most  engaged  in 
war,  the  power  of  the  chief  is,  naturally,  predominant ;  because  the  idea  of 
having  a  military  leader  was  the  first  source  of  his  superiority,  and  the  con 
tinual  exigencies  of  the  state  requiring  such  a  leader,  will  continue  to  support 
and  even  to  enhance  it.  His  power,  however,  is  rather  persuasive  than  coer 
cive  ;  he  is  reverenced  as  a  father,  rather  than  feared  as  a  monarch.  He  has 
no  guards,  no  prisons,  no  officers  of  justice,  and  one  act  of  ill-judged  violence 
would  pull  him  from  his  humble  throne.  The  elders  in  the  other  form  of  gov 
ernment,  which  may  be  considered  as  a  mild  and  nominal  aristocracy,  have  no 
more  power.  In  most  countries,  therefore,  age  alone  is  sufficient  for  acquiring 
respect,  influence,  and  authority.  It  is  age  which  teaches  experience,  and  ex 
perience  is  the  only  source  of  knowledge  among  a  savage  people. 

Among  the  different  tribes,  business  is  conducted  with  the  utmost  pubiic  AS- 
simplicity,  and  which  may  recall,  to  those  who  are  acquainted  with  seml>iiea. 
antiquity,  a  picture  of  the  most  early  ages.  The  heads  of  families  meet  to 
gether  in  a  house  or  cabin  appointed  for  the  purpose.  Here  the  business  is  dis 
cussed  ;  and.  here  those  of  the  nation,  distinguished  for  their  eloquence  or  wis 
dom,  have  an  opportunity  of  displaying  those  talents.  Their  orators,  like  those 
of  Homer,  express  themselves  in  a  bold  figurative  style,  stronger  than  refined, 
or  rather  softened,  nations  can  well  bear*  and  with  gestures  equally  violent,  but 
often  extremely  natural  and  expressive.  When  the  business  is  over,  and  they 
happen  to  be  well  provided  with  food,  they  appoint  a  feast  upon  the  occasion, 
of  which  almost  the  whole  nation  partakes.  The  feast  is  accompanied  with  a 
song,  in  which  the  real  or  fabulous  exploits  of  their  forefathers  are  celebrated* 
They  have  dances  likewise,  though,  like  those  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  they 
are  chiefly  of  the  military  kind;  and  their  music  and  dancing  accompany 
every  feast. 

To  assist  their  memory,  they  have  belts  of  small  shells,  or  beads    Wampum, 
of  different  colors,  each  representing  a  different  object,  which  is      or  belts< 
marked  by  their  color  and  arrangement.     At  the  conclusion  of  every  subject 
on  which  they  discourse,  when  they  treat  with  a  foreign  state,  they  deliver  one 
of  those  belts ;  for  if  this  ceremony  should  be  omitted,  all  that  they  have  said 
passes  for  nothing.     These  belts  are  carefully  deposited  in  each  town,  as  the 


ft  GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 

public  records  of  the  nation ;  and  to  them  they  occasionally  have  recourse, 
when  any  public  contest  happens  with  a  neighboring  tribe. 

If  we  except  hunting  and  fishing,  war  is  the  principal  employ" 
ment  of  the  Indian  men :  almost  every  other  concern,  but  in  partic 
ular  the  little  agriculture  which  they  enjoy,  is  consigned  to  the  women.  The 
most  common  motive  of  the  Americans  for  entering  into  war,  when  it  does  not 
arise  from  an  accidental  rencounter  or  interference,  is  either  to  revenge  them 
selves  for  the  death  of  some  lost  friend,  or  to  acquire  prisoners,  who  may  assist 
them  in  their  hunting,  and  whom  they  adopt  into  their  society.  These  wars 
are  either  undertaken  by  some  private  adventurers,  or  at  the  instance  of  the 
whole  community.  In  the  latter  case,  all  the  young  men  who  are  disposed  to 
go  out  to  battle  (for  no  one  is  compelled  contrary  to  his  inclination),  give  a  bit 
of  wood  to  the  chief,  as  a  token  of  their  design  to  accompany  him ;  for  every 
thing  among  these  people  is  transacted  with  a  great  deal  of  ceremony  and  with 
many  forms. 

ceremonies  ^e  chief,  who  is  to  conduct  them,  fasts  several  days,  during 
beforeseuing  which  time  he  converses  with  no  one,  and  is  particularly  careful  to 
out-  observe  his  dreams ;  which  the  presumption  natural  to  savages  gen 
erally  renders  as  favorable  as  he  could  desire.  A  variety  of  other  superstitions 
and  ceremonies  are  observed.  One  of  the  most  hideous  is  setting  the  war  kettle 
on  the  fire,  as  an  emblem  that  they  are  going  out  to  devour  their  enemies ;  which 
among  these  nations,  it  is  probable,  was  formerly  the  case,  since  they  still  con 
tinue  to  express  it  in  clear  terms,  and  use  an  emblem  significant  of  the  ancient 
usage.  Then,  they  dispatch  a  porcelain,  or  large  shell,  to  their  allies,  inviting 
them  to  come  along,  and  drink  the  blood  of  their  enemies.  They  think 
that  those  in  their  alliance  must  not  only  adopt  their  enmities,  but  that  they 
must  also  have  their  resentments  wound  up  to  the  same  pitch  with  themselves : 
and  indeed  no  people  carry  their  friendships  or  their  resentments  so  far  as  they 
do.  Having  finished  all  the  ceremonies  previous  to  the  war,  and  the  day  ap 
pointed  for  their  setting  out  on  the  expedition  being  arrived,  they  take  leave  of 
their  friends,  and  exchange  their  clothes,  or  whatever  movables  they  have,  in 
token  of  mutual  friendship ;  after  which  they  proceed  from  the  town,  their  wives 
and  female  relations  walking  before,  and  attending  them  to  some  distance. 
The  warriors  march  all  dressed  in  their  finest  apparel,  and  most  showy  orna 
ments,  without  any  order.  The  chief  walks  slowly  before  them,  singing  the 
war-song,  while  the  rest  observe  the  most  profound  silence.  When  they  come 
up  to  their  women,  they  deliver  them  all  their  finery,  and  putting  on  their  worst 
clothes,  proceed  on  their  expedition, 
auickness  of  The  great  qualities  of  an  Indian  war  are  vigilance  and  attention, 

their  senses.  to  give  an(j  avoid  surprise ;  and,  indeed,  in  these  they  are  superior 
to  all  nations  in  the  world.  Accustomed  to  continual  wandering  in  the  forest ; 
having  their  perceptions  sharpened  by  keen  necessity,  and  living,  in  every  re 
spect,  according  to  nature,  their  external  senses  have  a  degree  of  acuteness, 
which,  at  first  view,  appears  incredible.  They  can  trace  out  their  enemies,  at 
an  immense  distance,  by  the  smoke  of  their  fires,  which  they  smell,  and  by  the 
tracks  of  their  feet  upon  the  ground,  imperceptible  to  an  European  eye,  but 
which  they  can  count,  and  distinguish,  with  the  utmost  facility.  It  is  said,  they 
can  even  distinguish  the  different  nations  with  whom  they  are  acquainted,  and 
can  determine  the  precise  time  when  they  passed,  where  an  European  could 
not,  with  all  his  glasses,  distinguish  footsteps  at  all.  These  circumstances, 
however,  are  of  less  importance,  because  their  savage  enemies  are  equally 
well  acquainted  with  them, 
vigilance  When  they  go  out,  therefore,  they  take  care  to  avoid  making  use 

and  circum-    of  any  thing  by  which  they  might  run  the  danger  of  a  discovery. 

They  lighted  no  fires  to  warm  themselves,  or  to  prepare  victuals : 

they  lie  close  to  the  ground  all  day,  and  travel  only  in  the  night ;  and  marching 


NORTH  AMERICA.  9 

along  in  files,  he  that  closes  the  rear,  diligently  covers  with  leaves  the  tracks  of 
his  own  feet,  and  of  theirs  who  preceded  him.  When  they  halt  to  refresh 
themselves,  scouts  are  sent  out  to  reconnoitre  the  country,  and  beat  up  every 
place  where  they  suspect  an  enemy  to  lie  concealed.  In  this  manner  they  enter 
unawares,  the  villages  of  their  foes ;  and  while  the  flower  of  the  nation  are  en 
gaged  in  hunting,  massacre  all  the  children,  women,  and  helpless  old  men ;  01 
make  prisoners  of  as  many  as  they  can  manage,  or  have  strength  enough  to 
be  useful  to  their  nation.  But  when  the  enemy  is  apprized  of  their  design, 
and  comes  on  in  arms  against  them,  they  throw  themselves  flat  on  the  ground 
among  the  withered  herbs  and  leaves,  which  their  faces  are  painted  to  resemble. 
They  then  allow  a  part  to  pass  unmolested,  when,  all  at  once,  with  a  tremen 
dous  shout,  rising  up  from  their  ambush,  they  pour  a  storm  of  musket-balls,  or 
arrows,  on  their  foes.  The  party  attacked  returns  the  same  cry.  Manner  of 
Every  one  shelters  himself  with  a  tree,  and  returns  the  fire  of  the  figntin£- 
adverse  party,  as  soon  as  they  raise  themselves  from  the  ground  to  give  a 
second  fire.  Thus  does  the  battle  continue  until  one  party  is  so  much  weak 
ened  as  to  be  incapable  of  farther  resistance.  In  their  battles  death  appears  in 
a  thousand  hideous  forms,  which  would  congeal  the  blood  of  civilized  nations 
to  behold,  but  which  rouses  the  fury  of  savages.  They,  trample,  they  insult, 
over  the  dead  bodies,  and  tear  the  scalp  from  the  head.  The  flame  rages  on 
till  it  meets  with  no  resistance ;  then  the  prisoners  are  secured,  those  unhappy 
men  whose  fate  is  a  thousand  times  more  dreadful  than  theirs  who  have  died 
in  the  field.  The  conquerors  set  up  a  hideous  howling,  to  lament  the  friends 
they  have  lost.  They  approach,  in  a  melancholy  and  severe  gloom,  to  their 
own  village ;  a  messenger  is  sent  to  announce  their  arrival,  and  the  women, 
with  frightful  shrieks,  come  out  to  mourn  their  dead  brothers,  or  their  hus 
bands.  When  they  are  arrived,  the  chief  relates  in  a  low  voice,  to  the  elders,  a 
circumstantial  account  of  every  particular  of  the  expedition.  The  orator  pro 
claims  aloud  this  account  to  the  people  ;  and  as  he  mentions  the  names  of  those 
who  have  fallen,  the  shrieks  of  the  women  are  redoubled.  The  men,  too,  join 
in  these  cries,  according  as  each  is  most  connected  with  the  deceased  by  blood 
or  friendship.  The  last  ceremony  is  the  proclamation  of  the  victory  ;  each  in 
dividual  then  forgets  his  private  misfortunes,  and  joins  in  the  triumphs  of  his 
nation ;  all  tears  are  wiped  from  their  eyes,  and  by  an  unaccountable  transi 
tion,  they  pass,  in  a  moment,  from  the  bitterness  of  sorrow,  to  an  extrava 
gance  of  joy.  But  the  treatment  of  their  prisoners,  whose  fate  all  this  time  re 
mains  undecided,  is  what  chiefly  characterizes  the  savages. 

The  person  who  has  taken  the  captive  attends  him  to  the  cottage, 
where,  according  to  the  distribution  made  by  the  elders,  he  is  to  be  o/thtirpris 
delivered  to  supply  the  loss  of  a  citizen.     If  those  who  receive  him      Oner8- 
have  their  family  weakened  by  war  or  other  accidents,  they  adopt  the  captive 
into  the  family,  of  which  he  becomes  a  member.     But  if  they  have  no  occasion 
for  him,  or  their  resentment  for  the  loss  of  their  friends  be  too  high  to  endure 
the  sight  of  one  connected  with  those  who  were  concerned  in  it,  they  sentence 
him  to  death.     All  those  who  have  met  with  the  same  severe  sentence  being 
collected,  the  whole  nation  is  assembled  at  the  execution,  as  for  some  great 
solemnity.     A  scaffold  is  erected,  and  the  prisoners  are  tied  to  the  stake,  where 
they  commence  their  death-song,  and  prepare  for  the  ensuing  scene  of  cruelty 
with  the  most  undaunted  courage.     Their  enemies,  on  the  other  side,  are  deter 
mined  to  put  it  to  the  proof,  by  the  most  refined  and  exquisite  tortures.     They 
begin  at  the  extremity  of  his  body,  and  gradually  approach  the  more    shocking 
vital  parts.     One  plucks  out  his  nails  by  the  roots,  one  by  one ;  an-    tortures- 
other  takes  a  finger  into  his  mouth,  and  tears  off  the  flesh  with  his  teeth ;  a 
third  thrusts  the  finger,  mangled  as  it  is,  into  the  bowl  of  his  pipe  made  red-hot, 
which  he  smokes  like  tobacco ;  then  they  pound  his  toes  and  fingers  to  pieces 
between  two  stones ;  they  cut  circles  about  his  joints,  and  gashes  in  the  flesh  v 

B 


10  GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 

parts  of  his  limbs,  which  they  sear  immediately  with  red-hot  irons,  cutting, 
burning,  and  pinching  them,  alternately ;  they  will  pull  off  his  flesh  thus  man 
gled  and  roasted,  bit  by  bit,  devouring  it  with  greediness,  and  smearing  their 
faces  with  the  blood,  in  an  enthusiasm  of  horror  and  fury.  When  they  have 
thus  torn  off  the  flesh,  they  twist  the  bare  nerves  and  tendons  about  an  iron, 
tearing  and  snapping  them,  whilst  others  are  employed  in  pulling  and  extend 
ing  his  limbs  in  every  way  that  can  increase  the  torment.  This  continues 
often  five  or  six  hours ;  and  sometimes,  such  is  the  strength  of  the  savages, 
days  together.  Then  they  frequently  unbind  him,  to  give  a  breathing  to  their 
fury,  to  think  what  new  torments  they  shall  inflict,  and  to  refresh  the  strength 
of  the  sufferer,  who,  wearied  out  with  such  a  variety  of  unheard-of  cruelties, 
often  falls  into  such  a  profound  sleep,  that  they  are  obliged  to  apply  the  fire  to 
awake  him,  and  renew  his  sufferings.  He  is  again  fastened  to  the  stake,  and 
again  they  renew  their  cruelty ;  they  stick  him  all  over  with  small  matches  of 
wood  that  easily  take  fire,  but  burn  slowly ;  they  continually  run  sharp  reeds 
into  all  parts  of  his  body ;  they  drag  out  his  teeth  with  pincers,  and  thrust  out 
his  eyes ;  and  lastly,  after  having  burned  his  flesh  from  the  bones  with  slow 
fires ;  after  having  so  mangled  the  body  that  it  is  all  but  one  wound ;  after 
having  mutilated  his  face  in  such  a  manner  as  to  carry  nothing  human  in  it ; 
after  having  peeled  the  skin  from  the  head,  and  poured  a  heap  of  red-hot  coals 
or  boiling  water  upon  the  naked  skull,  they  once  more  unbind  the  wretch  ;  who, 
blind,  and  staggering  with  pain  and  weakness,  assaulted  and  pelted  on  every 
side  with  clubs  and  stones,  now  up,  now  down,  falling  into  their  fires  at  every 
step,  runs  hither  and  thither,  until  one  of  the  chiefs,  whether  out  of  compassion, 
or  weary  of  cruelty,  puts  an  end  to  his  life  with  a  club  or  dagger.  The  body 
is  then  put  into  a  kettle,  and  this  barbarous  custom  is  succeeded  by  a  feast  as 
barbarous.  The  women  are  said  to  surpass  even  the  men  in  this  scene  of  hor 
ror  :  while  the  principal  persons  of  the  country  sit  round  the  stake,  smoking 
and  looking  on,  without  the  least  emotion. 

Constancy  of      What  is  the  most  extraordinary,  the  sufferer  himself,  in  the  little 

the  sufferers,  intervals  of  his  torments,  smokes  too,  appears  unconcerned,  and  con 
verses  with  his  torturers  about  indifferent  matters.  Indeed,  during  the  whole 
time  of  his  execution,  there  seems  a  contest  which  shall  exceed,  they  in  inflict 
ing  the  most  horrid  pains,  or  he  in  enduring  them  with  a  firmness  and  con 
stancy  almost  above  human :  not  a  groan,  not  a  sigh,  not  a  distortion  of  coun 
tenance  escapes  him  :  he  possesses  his  mind  entirely  in  the  midst  of  his  torments : 
he  recounts  his  own  exploits :  he  informs  them  what  cruelties  he  has  inflicted 
on  their  countrymen ;  and  threatens  them  with  the  revenge  that  will  attend  his 
death ;  and,  though  his  reproaches  exasperate  them  to  a  perfect  madness  of 
rage  and  fury,  he  continues  his  insults  even  of  their  ignorance  of  the  art  of 
tormenting,  pointing  out  himself  more  exquisite  methods,  and  more  sensible 
parts  of  the  body  to  be  afflicted. 

Friendshi         Nothing  can  exceed  the  warmth  of  their  affection  towards  their 

p'  friends,  who  consist  of  all  those  who  live  in  the  same  village,  or  are 

in  alliance  with  it.     Their  friendship  principally  appears  by  the  treatment  of 

their  dead.     Where  any  one  of  the  society  is  cut  off,  he  is  lamented  by  the 

whole  :  on  this  occasion  a  variety  of  ceremonies  is  practised,  denoting  the  most 

lively  sorrow.     No  business  is  transacted,  however  pressing,  till  all  the  pious 

Treatment  ceremonies  due  to  the  dead  are  performed.     The  body  is  washed 

of  their  dead  anointed,  and  painted.  Then  the  women  lament  the  loss  with 
hideous  howlings,  intermixed  with  songs  which  celebrate  the  great 
actions  of  the  deceased  and  his  ancestors.  The  men  mourn  also,  though  in  a 
less  extravagant  manner.  The  whole  village  is  present  at  the  interment,  and  the 
corpse  is  habited  in  their  most  sumptuous  ornaments.  Close  to  the  body  of  the 
deceased  are  placed  his  bows  and  arrows,  with  whatever  he  valued  most  in  his 
life,  and  a  quantity  of  provision  for  his  subsistence  on  the  journey  which  he  is 


NORTH  AMERICA. 


11 


supposed  to  take.  This  solemnity,  like  every  other,  is  attended  with  feasting. 
The  funeral  being  ended,  the  relations  of  the  deceased  confine  themselves  to 
their  huts,  for  a  considerable  time,  to  indulge  their  grief.  After  an  interval  of 
some  weeks,  they  visit  the  grave,  repeat  their  sorrow,  new-clothe  the  remains 
of  the  body,  and  act  over  again  all  the  solemnities  of  the  funeral. 

To  such  extremes  do  the  Indians  push  their  friendship  or  their  enmity ;  and 
such  indeed,  in  general,  is  the  character  of  all  strong  and  uncultivated  minds. 

Religion  is  not  the  prevailing  character  of  Indians ;  and  except   Their  reii- 
when  they  have  some  immediate  occasion  for  the  assistance  of  their       gion' 
gods,  they  pay  them  no  sort  of  worship.     Like  all  other  rude  nations,  however, 
they  are  strongly  addicted  to  superstition.     They  believe  in  the  existence  of  a 
number  of  good  and  bad  spirits,  who  interfere  in  the  concerns  of  mortals,  and 
produce  all  our  happiness  or  misery.     It  is  from  the  evil  spirits,  in  particular 
that  our  diseases,  they  imagine,  proceed ;  and  it  is  to  the  good  spirits  we  are 
indebted  for  a  cure. 

Such,  in  general,  are  the  customs  and  manners  of  the  Indian  nation ;  but 
almost  every  tribe  has  something  peculiar  to  itself. 

The  following  statement  as  to   their  population   in   the  United 
States  is  from  the  American  Almanac,  1831. 


Number  of  Indians  within  the 

Within 

New  England  and  Virginia, 
New  York, 
Pennsylvania, 
North  Carolina 
South  Carolina 
Georgia     .... 
Tennessee,     ... 
Alabama,  ... 

Mississippi,     ... 
Louisiana,          ... 
Ohio, 

Indiana,  ... 

Illinois,         ... 
Missouri,          ... 


United  States,  as  estimated  by  the  War  Department. 

Within 

Michigan  Peninsula,  9,340 

Arkansas  Territory,    -         -       7,200 
Florida  Territory,  -         -  4,000 

North-west  or  Huron  Ter.  -  20,200 
Between  the  Mississippi  and  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  exclusive 
of  the  states  of  Louisiana 
and  Missouri,  and  Arkansas 
Territory,  94,000 

Within  the  Rocky  Mountains,  20,000 
West  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 


2,573 
4,820 

-  300 
3,100 

.  300 
5,000 
1,000 

19,200 

23,400 

939 

1,877 

4,050 

•    5,900 

5,631 


between  Lat.  44°  and  49°,     80,000 
Total  within  the  U.  States,      313,130 


Climate. 


The  climate  of  North  America  is  various ;  that  part  lying  north 
of  latitude  50°,  is  a  cold,  barren,  and  desolate  region.     The  part 
between  30°  and  50°  is  subject  to  extremes  of  heat  and  cold.    South  of  latitude 
30°  the  climate  is  warm,  producing  the  principal  tropical  fruits  in  abundance. 


UNITED    STATES 

GENERAL    DESCRIPTION. 

THE  territory  of  the  United  States  embraces  the  middle  division  of  North 
America,  extending  from  the  Atlantic  ocean  on  the  east  to  the  Pacific  on  the 
west.     Its  extreme  length  from  the  Pacific  ocean  to  Passamaquoddy  Extent  and 
Bay,  is  3,000  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth,  from  the  southern  point  boundaries, 
of  Florida,  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  is  estimated  to  be  1,700  miles.        &c' 
On  the  north-east,  a  conventional  line  divides  it  from  New  Brunswick,  extend 
ing  from  Passamaquoddy  Bay  northward  to  the  48th  parallel,  embracing  the 
head  waters  of  the  river  St.  John.     From  this  extreme  northern  point,  the 
boundary  line  passes  along  the  ridge  of  mountains  south-westward  to  the  45th 
parallel,  and  then  along  this  parallel  till  it  strikes  the  St.  Lawrence,  120  miles 


12  GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OP 

below  Lake  Ontario.  It  then  follows  the  river  and  chain  of  lakes,  Ontario, 
Erie,  St.  Clair,  Huron,  and  Superior,  proceeding  from  the  last  by  the  course  of 
the  river  La  Pluie,  or  Rainy  River,  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  from  which  it 
passes  along  the  49th  parallel  to  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

On  the  west  of  the  mountains,  the  Americans  have  an  unquestioned  claim  to 
the  country  from  the  42d  to  the  54th  parallel.  On  the  south,  the  United  States 
are  bounded  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  and  on  the  south-west,  the  boundary  ex 
tends  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  Sabine,  in  a  north-west  direction,  to  a  point 
in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  north  latitude  42°,  and  west  longitude  108°,  from 
which  it  passes  along  the  42d  parallel  to  tta  Pacific  ocean. 

Two  great  cnains  of  mountains  traverse  the  territory  of  the  United 

States,  in  a  direction  approaching  to  south  and  north  :  the  Allegha- 

ny  on  the  east,  and  the  Rocky  Mountains  on  the  west.  They  divide  the  country 

into  an  eastern,  a  western,  and  a  middle  division,  the  latter  comprising  the 

great  basin  or  valley  of  the  Mississippi.     For  a  particular  description  of  the 

mountains,  see  the  article  Alleghany,  &c. 

Lakes  and       The  two  largest  lakes  wholly  within  the  United  States  are  Michigan 

rivers.  an(j  Champlain.  Lakes  Superior,  Huron,  Erie,  and  Ontario,  lie  one 
half  in  this  country,  and  one  half  in  Upper  Canada. 

The  United  States  contain  many  large  and  navigable  rivers ;  some  of  the 
principal  of  which  are  the  Connecticut,  Hudson,  Delaware,  Potomac,  James, 
Savannah,  Ohio,  Tennessee,  Mississippi,  Arkansas,  Red  River,  and  the  Oregon 
or  Columbia. 

A  particular  description  of  the  lakes  and  rivers  will  be  found  under  their 
respective  heads. 

Climate  ^e  c^mate  °**  ^e  United  States  is  remarkably  inconstant  and 
variable.  It  passes  rapidly  from  the  frosts  of  Norway  to  the  scorch 
ing  heats  of  Africa,  and  from  the  humidity  of  Holland  to  the  drought  of  Cas 
tile.  A  change  of  20  or  25  degrees  of  Fahrenheit,  in  one  day,  is  not  consid 
ered  extraordinary.  Even  the  Indians  complain  of  the  sudden  variations  of 
temperature.  In  sweeping  over  a  vast  frozen  surface,  the  north-west  wind  ac 
quires  an  extreme  degree  of  cold  and  dryness,  and  operates  very  injuriously 
on  the  human  frame.  The  south-east,  on  the  other  hand,  produces  on  the  At 
lantic  coast  effects  similar  to  those  of  the  sirocco.  The  south-west  has  the 
same  influence  in  the  plains  to  the  east  of  the  Alleghanies :  when  it  blows,  the 
heat  frequently  becomes  painful  and  suffocating.  In  the  mountains,  however, 
where  the  summer  heat  is  moderate,  even  in  the  southern  states,  the  fresh  and 
blooming  complexion  of  young  persons,  is  a  proof  of  the  purity  and  salubrity  of 
the  atmosphere.  The  same  ruddy  complexion  prevails  in  New  England  and 
in  the  interior  of  Pennsylvania ;  but  the  pale  countenances  of  the  inhabitants 
of  all  the  low  country,  from  New  York  to  Florida,  reminds  a  stranger  of  the 
Creoles  in  the  West  India  Islands.  In  this  region  malignant  fevers  are  preva 
lent  in  September  and  October.  The  countries  situated  to  the  west  of  the  Allegha 
nies  are  in  general  more  temperate  and  healthful.  The  south-west  wind  there 
brings  rain,  while  the  same  effect  is  produced  on  the  other  side  of  the  moun 
tains  by  the  north-east  wind.  But  the  north-east  wind,  which  covers  the  At 
lantic  coast  with  thick  fogs,  is  dry  and  elastic  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio.  When 
we  compare  the  climate  on  the  opposite  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  we  find  that  the 
extremes  of  temperature  are  greater,  and  that  the  winter's  cold  is  more  severe 
on  the  west  side  than  on  the  east.  The  mean  temperature  of  the  year,  accord 
ing  to  Humboldt,  is  9  degrees  (Fahr.)  lower  at  Philadelphia  than  in  the  corre 
sponding  latitudes  on  the  coast  of  Europe.  The  mouth  of  the  Delaware  is  gen 
erally  shut  by  ice  for  six  or  eight  weeks,  and  that  of  the  St.  Lawrence  for  five 
months  in  the  year.  Throughout  the  United  States,  the  rains  are  sudden  ana 
heavy,  and  the  dews  extremely  copious.  Storms  of  thunder  and  lightning  are 
also  much  more  common  and  formidable  than  in  Europe. 


THE  UNITED  STATES.  13 

A  general  Land  Office  exists  at  Washington,  which  is  vested  Public  Lands, 
exclusively  with  the  power  of  contracting  with  the  Indians  for  the  sal«  of- 
sale  of  their  lands.  The  business  of  the  Land  Office  is  the  survey  and  sale 
of  the  public  lands.  These  lands  are  purchased  of  the  Indians  by  treaty  with 
the  government  of  the  United  States.  Private  individuals  are  not  allowed  to 
have  any  transactions  of  this  description  with  the  natives ;  and  the  law  has 
been  rigorously  observed.  Sub  Land  Offices  are  established  at  the  follow 
ing  places :  Ohio,  Stubenville,  Marietta,  Cincinnati,  Chillicothe,  Zanesville, 
Wooster,  Piqua,  Tiffin.  Indiana,  Jefferson ville,  Vincennes,  Indianapolis,  Craw- 
fordsville,  Fort  Wayne.  Illinois,  Kaskaskia,  Shawneetown,  Edwardsville, 
Vandalia,  Palestine,  Springfield.  Michigan  Territory,  Detroit,  Monroe.  Mis 
souri,  St.  Louis,  Franklin,  Cape  Girardeau,  Lexington,  Palmyra.  Arkansas 
Territory,  Batesville,  Little  Rock.  Louisiana,  Ouachita,  Opelousas,  New  Or 
leans,  St.  Helena  C.  H.  Mississippi,  Washington.  Augusta,  Mount  Salus. 
Alabama,  St.  Stephens,  Huntsville,  Tuscaloosa,  Cahawba,  Sparta.  Florida 
Territory,  Tallahasse,  St.  Augustine. 

The  aggregate  of  all  the  unsold  and  unappropriated  public  lands  of  the 
United  States,  surveyed  and  unsurveyed,  on  which  the  Indian  title  remains  or 
has  been  extinguished,  lying  within,  and  without  the  boundaries  of  the  new 
states  and  territories,  according  to  a  report  made  to  congress  in  April  1832,  [3 
1,090,871,753  acres.  The  lands  are  surveyed  and  set  off  into  townships  of 
six  miles  square,  each  of  which  is  divided  into  thirty-six  sections,  of  one  mile 
square,  or  640  acres.  The  dividing  lines  run  in  the  direction  of  the  cardinal 
points,  crossing  one  another  at  right  angles.  One  section,  or  one  thirty-sixth 
part  of  every  township,  is  allotted  for  the  support  of  schools,  and  in  the  coun 
try  west  of  the  Alleghanies,  seven  entire  townships  have  been  given,  in  perpe 
tuity,  for  the  endowment  of  superior  seminaries  of  learning.  The  lands  are 
offered  to  public  sale,  in  quarter  sections,  of  160  acres,  at  the  minimum  price 
of  one  and  one  fourth  dollar  per  acre,  and  whatever  remains  unsold^  may  be 
purchased  privately  at  this  price.  Formerly,  the  minimum  price  was  two  dol 
lars  per  acre,  payable  in  four  years,  by  four  instalments ;  but  by  act  of  con 
gress,  in  1821,  it  was  fixed  at  one  and  one  fourth  dollar  ready  money.  This 
new  regulation  was  adopted  to  discourage  the  practice  of  speculating  in  land, 
and  to  lessen  the  litigation  arising  out  of  protracted  payments. 

The  title  deed  is  printed  on  a  small  sheet  of  parchment,  with  the  date ;  the 
purchaser's  name,  and  the  topographical  situation  of  the  ground,  are  inserted 
in  writing.  It  is  subscribed  by  the  president  of  the  United  States  and  the 
agent  of  the  Land  Office,  and  delivered  without  charge  to  the  purchaser,  who 
may  transfer  the  property  to  another  person  by  a  process  equally  cheap  and 
simple. 

In  a  country  having  so  many  varieties  of  soil  and  climate  as  the  Agricultural 
United  States,  there  is  necessarily  a  considerable  diversity  in  the  Productions, 
agricultural  productions.  Maize,  or  Indian  corn,  is  cultivated  in  all  parts  of 
the  country,  but  succeeds  best  in  the  middle  states.  Wheat  is  also  raised  in  all 
parts  of  the  country,  but  thrives  best  in  the  middle  and  western  states.  The 
cultivation  of  tobacco  begins  in  Maryland  and  Virginia.  Cotton  grows  as  far 
north  as  39°,  but  its  cultivation  is  not  profitable  beyond  the  latitude  of  37°. 
This  useful  plant  was  first  raised  for  exportation  only  in  1791.  It  is  now  pro 
duced  in  immense  quantities  from  the  river  Roanoke  to  the  Mississippi,  and 
forms  the  leading  export  of  the  United  States.  The  best  grows  upon  dry  situ 
ations  in  Carolina  and  Georgia,  on  the  sea-coast.  The  rice  crops,  which  re 
quire  great  heat,  and  a  soil  susceptible  of  irrigation,  commence  about  the  same 
parallel,  and  have  nearly  the  same  geographical  range.  The  sugar  cane  grows 
in  low  and  warm  situations,  as  high  as  latitude  33° ;  but  the  climate  favorable 
to  its  cultivation  does  not  extend  beyond  31  £°.  Oats,  rye,  and  barley,  are 
raised  in  all  the  northern  and  middle  states  :  in  the  western  states  wheat,  hemp, 


14  GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 

and  flax  are  the  staple  productions.  In  addition  to  the  above,  buckwheat,  peas, 
beans,  potatoes,  turnips,  &c. ;  apples,  pears,  cherries,  peaches,  grapes,  cur 
rants,  gooseberries,  plums,  &c.,  are  extensively  cultivated  in  various  parts  of 
the  country. 

Table,  showing  the  estimated  quantities  of  different  articles  produced  on  an 
acre,  in  the  principal  parts  of  the  United  States.  Explanations,  g.  c.  good 
crop,  c.  c.  common  crop. 

AVERAGE    BUSHEL    PER    ACRE. 


£ 

6 
>* 

& 

>> 

^ 

1 

o5 

a 

1 
o 

g 

>r3 

d 

Buckwheat. 

1 

•1 
1 

New  England   - 

g.  c. 
c.  c. 

30 

11 

35 
15 

40 
20 

45 

30 

45 

30 

30 
15 

400 
150 

450 
200 

New  York    -    - 

•  • 

g.  c. 
c.  c. 

32 
10 

35 
12 

40 
14 

45 
25 

45 
25 

35 
16 

300 
90 

350 
100 

Pennsylvania    • 

g.  c. 
c.  c. 

35 
10 

35 
12 

40 
13 

45 
15 

45 
15 

35 
16 

300 
65 

350 
75 

New  Jersey-    - 

g.  c. 
c.  c. 

30 
9 

30 
11 

35 
12 

35 
14 

35 
14 

30 
15 

250 
60 

250 
65 

Delaware     -     - 

g.  c. 
c.  c. 

35 
10 

35 
12 

34 
13 

56 
15 

36 
15 

30 
16 

250 
65 

250 
65 

Virginia  -     -     - 

g.  c. 
c.  c. 

30 

7 

35 
9 

35 
9 

45 
25 

45 
25 

30 
15 

150 
60 

150 
75 

Carolina  -     -     - 

g.  c. 
c.  c. 

25 
6 

20 
10 

25 

8 

45 
23 

45 

23 

20 
15 

60 
50 

75 

50 

Western  States 

g.  c. 
c.  c. 

40 
25 

45 
25 

45 

36 

45 
37 

45 
37 

35 
40 

350 
200 

400 
300 

Louisiana     -     -       g.  c. 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40 

25 

200 

350 

Gold  is  found  extensively  in  the  upper  country  of  North  Carolina, 
and  in  some  few  points  in  the  adjacent  parts  of  Virginia,  South  Car 
olina,  and  in  Georgia.  It  is  found  in  alluvial  deposits,  and  has  been  lately 
wrought  to  considerable  extent.  Some  of  the  ores  of  iron  are  found  in  almost 
every  state ;  and  mines  of  this  metal  are  worked  in  New  Hampshire,  Vermont, 
Rhode  Island,  New  York,  Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia, 
and  North  Carolina.  The  United  States  are  supplied  with  copper  chiefly  from 
Mexico  and  other  foreign  countries,  but  ores  of  this  metal  exist  in  most  of  the 
states,  and  in  the  north-west  territory  are  said  to  be 'in  great  abundance,  in 
situations  easy  of  access.  Lead  is  chiefly  procured  from  Missouri,  where  for 
ty-five  mines  are  worked,  and  yield  three  millions  of  pounds  annually.  Of 
coal  there  is  a  large  field  twenty  miles  long  by  ten  broad,  twelve  miles  from 
Richmond,  which  has  been  long  worked.  This  useful  mineral  is  also  found  at 
various  places,  in  New  England,  New  York,  and  Pennsylvania.  But  the  most 
abundant  supply  is  on  the  west  side  of  the  Alleghanies,  where  a  coal  formation, 
one  of  the  largest  in  the  world,  extends,  with  some  interruption,  from  the  west 
ern  foot  of  the  mountains  across  the  Mississippi.  Salt  is  chiefly  obtained  from 
the  sea,  or  imported  in  the  eastern  states ;  but  salt  springs  abound  in  various 
parts  of  the  United  States,  particularly  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi,  from 
the  Alleghanies  to  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  and  in  some  situations  on  the  western 
side  of  the  valley,  plains  occur  of  many  miles  in  circuit,  which  are  periodically 
covered  with  a  thick  crust  of  salt.  The  salt  springs,  at  Salina,  in  New  York, 
are  extensively  worked,  and  vast  quantities  of  salt  are  made  from  them  annually 


THE  UNITED  STATES.  15 

The  legislative  power  in  the  United  States  is  separated  into  two  Legislative 
branches,  the  state  governments,  and  the  federal  government :  the  Puwer- 
government  is  therefore  two-fold.  To  the  state  governments  is  committed 
that  branch  which  relates  to  the  regulation  of  internal  concerns.  These 
bodies  make  and  alter  the  laws  which  regard  property  and  private  rights, 
regulate  the  police,  appoint  the  judges  and  civil  officers,  impose  taxes  for  state 
purposes,  and  exercise  all  other  rights  and  powers  not  vested  in  the  federal  go 
vernment  by  positive  enactment.  To  the  federal  government  belongs  the  pow 
er  of  making  peace  and  war  with  foreign  nations,  raising  and  supporting  an 
army  and  navy,  fixing  the  organization  of  the  militia,  imposing  taxes  for  the 
common  defence  or  benefit  of  the  Union,  borrowing  money,  coining  money, 
and  fixing  the  standard  of  weights  and  measures,  establishing  post  offices  and 
post  roads,  granting  patents  for  inventions,  and  exclusive  copyrights  to  authors, 
regulating  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  establishing  uniform  bankrupt  laws, 
and  a  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and  lastly,  the  federal  tribunals  judge  of 
felonies  and  piracies  committed  on  the  high  seas,  of  offences  against  the  law 
of  nations,  and  of  questions  between  the  citizens  of  different  states. 

No  country  in  the  world  enjoys  a  more  free  and  equitable  system  of  govern 
ment.  All  power  originates  with  the  people,  who  are  governed  by  laws  which 
are  enacted  by  men  of  their  own  choice. 

The  Constitution  secures  to  the  citizens  the  grand  principles  of  freedom, 
liberty  of  conscience  in  matters  of  religion,  liberty  of  the  press,  trial  by  jury, 
and  the  right  of  choosing  and  being  chosen  to  office. 

The  executive  power,  which  is  the  power  that  administers  the  government, 
is  vested  in  a  president,  who,  together  with  the  vice  president,  is  chosen  for 
four  years  by  electors  from  all  the  states.  The  principal  subordinate  officers, 
in  the  executive  department,  are  the  secretaries  of  state,  of  the  treasury,  of 
war,  and  of  the  navy.  The  president  is  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and 
navy,  and  of  the  militia  when  in  active  service.  He  grants  reprieves  and  par 
dons  for  offences  against  the  United  States,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 
With  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  he  makes  treaties,  nominates  am 
bassadors,  consuls,  judges :  and  he  appoints  several  other  officers  by  his  own 
authority.  He  must  be  a  native  born  citizen,  and  not  under  thirty-five  years 
of  age. 

For  a  more  full  account  of  the  power  and  duties  of  the  president,  the  quali 
fications  necessary  for  senators  and  representatives  in  congress,  see  Constitu 
tion  of  the  United  States. 

Senators  and  representatives  in  Congress  receive  an  allowance  of  eight  dol 
lars  per  day  for  the  time  they  attend  the  session  of  congress,  and  eight  dollars 
of  travelling  charges,  for  every  twenty  miles  they  have  to  travel  in  going  and 
returning.  Members  of  congress  take  an  oath  to  support  the  constitution,  but 
no  religious  test  is  required  from  them,  or  any  person  holding  office  under  the 
federal  government.  Senators  and  representatives  vacate  their  places,  if  they 
accept  of  an  office  under  the  federal  government,  and  are  not  re-eligible  while 
they  hold  it.  The  forms  of  business  in  congress  are  chiefly  borrowed  from  those 
of  the  British  parliament.  Bills  are  read  three  times,  and  in  a  certain  stage  sent 
to  committees ;  but  what  is  deemed  a  great  improvement  in  congress,  there  are 
a  large  number  of  committees  appointed  in  the  House  of  Representatives, 
at  the  commencement  of  each  session,  viz.  for  commerce,  finance,  foreign 
affairs,  &c. 

The  federal  judiciary  consists  of  a  supreme  court,  which  sits  at 
Washington,  and  a  district  court  in  each  state,  in  which  one  judge 
sits. 

In  the  supreme  court,  there  is  a  chief  judge  and  six  associate  judges,  who 
hold  their  office  during  good  behavior.  This  court  has  original  jurisdiction  in 
all  cases  affecting  ambassadors  and  consuls,  and  those  in  which  a  state  is  a 


16  GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 

party.  It  has  appellate  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  arising  under  the  federal  con- 
stitution,  in  all  admiralty  cases,  in  controversies  between  two  states,  or  two 
citizens  of  different  states,  and  between  a  state,  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and 
foreign  states  or  subjects.  The  supreme  court,  deriving  its  power  from  the 
constitution,  exercises  a  power  not  enjoyed  by  the  inferior  courts.  The  federal 
judges  are  appointed  by  the  executive,  with  the  approbation  of  the  senate.  In 
this  and  other  federal  courts,  jurors  and  witnesses  are  allowed  one  dollar 
twenty -five  cents  per  day,  and  five  cents  a  mile  for  travelling  expenses. 
State  govern-  The  state  governments  are  extremely  similar  to  that  of  the  fede- 

meuts.  rai  m  thejr  composition.  The  legislature  consists  always  of  two 
branches,  both  of  which  are  returned  by  the  same  electors ;  and  these  electors 
may  be  said  to  comprise  the  whole  adult  white  population ;  the  usual  qualifica 
tions  being  citizenship,  with  one  or  two  years'  residence,  and  payment  of  taxes. 
The  only  exceptions  are  the  following : — In  Vermont,  the  legislature  consists 
of  a  House  of  Representatives  only ;  in  North  Carolina,  representatives  are 
chosen  by  the  whole  resident  free  citizens  who  pay  taxes,  but  senators  only 
by  freeholders ;  in  New  Jersey  and  Virginia,  the  right  of  suffrage  for  both 
houses  is  limited  to  persons  holding  a  small  amount  of  landed  property ;  in 
Maryland,  the  senators  are  chosen  by  delegates  named  for  the  purpose  by  the 
people. 

In  all  the  states,  the  period  for  which  the  representatives  serve  is  either  one 
or  two  years.  The  elections  are  biennial  in  Delaware,  South  Carolina,  Ten 
nessee,  Louisiana,  Illinois,  and  Missouri;  and  annual  in  the  other  eighteen 
states. 

The  shortest  period  for  which  the  senators  serve  in  any  state  is  one  year, 
and  the  longest  Jive.  In  Maine,  New-Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island, 
Connecticut,  New- Jersey,  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  the  senators  hold  their 
office  for  one  year  only ;  in  Ohio  and  Tennessee  for  two  years ;  Mississippi, 
Alabama,  Indiana,  for  three  years ;  in  New-York,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware, 
Virginia,  South  Carolina,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Illinois,  Missouri,  for  four 
years ;  and  in  Maryland  for  Jive  years.  Except  in  Maryland,  when  the  senate 
of  any  state  serves  for  more  than  one  year,  it  is  renewed  by  parts  or  divisions, 
one-third  of  the  members  going  out  annually  when  they  serve  for  three  years, 
and  one-fourth  when  they  serve  for  four.  In  some  cases,  however,  when  the 
senators  serve  for  four  years,  the  renewal  is  by  halves  every  two  years. 

Religious        ^n  Pennsylvania,  Mississippi,  and  Tennessee,  a  belief  in  a  Deity, 
qualifications  and  in  a  future  state  of  rewards  and  punishments ;  and  in  Massachu- 
fice>     setts,  Maryland,  and  North  Carolina,  a  belief  in  the  Christian  reli 
gion,  is  required  as  a  qualification  for  office.    In  New-Jersey  no  protestant  can 
be  excluded.     In  the  other  states  no  religious  test  is  required. 

Such  is  a  brief  sketch  of  the  political  system  of  the  United  States.  "  It  has 
survived  the  tender  period  of  infancy,  and  outlived  the  prophecies  of  its  down 
fall.  It  has  borne  the  nation  triumphantly  through  a  period  of  domestic  diffi 
culty  and  external  danger ;  it  has  been  found  serviceable  in  peace  and  in  war, 
and  may  well  claim  from  the  nation  it  has  saved  and  honored,  the  votive  bene 
diction  of  esto perpetua" 

Rtvenue  e  exPenses  °^  ^e  government  are  maintained  without  any 

direct  taxes  for  its  support ;  the  produce  of  the  customs  levied  at  the 
ports  on  the  importation  of  foreign  goods,  and  the  sums  derived  from  the  sale 
of  the  public  lands,  constitute  the  whole  of  the  public  revenue. 

The  average  produce  of  the  customs  may  be  estimated  at  from  16  to  18  mil 
lions  of  dollars,  and  the  sum  derived  from  the  sale  of  public  lands  at  1,600,000. 
The  bank  dividends  consist  of  the  interest  of  7,000,000  dollars  of  capital,  vested 
by  the  government  in  the  national  bank. 

Po«t  office        ^^e  P°st'°ffice  yields  more  than  a  million  of  dollars  a  year ;  but 
it  is  almost  wholly  consumed  in  supporting  the  establishment. 


THE  UNITED  STATES.  17 

RATES  OF  POSTAGE, 
For  single  Letters,  composed  of  one  piece  of  paper. 

No.  of  Miles.  Cents. 

Any  distance  not  exceeding  -  V«~  '"••'/•'" '-'f^'  30  .  .  6 
Over  30,  and  not  exceeding  '  »  '  . .  •  ^  "  ..  80  •  •  .10 
Over  80,  do  ,  .  •  ''-i "  '  'I*''  >  :*  150  -  .  J2$ 

Over  150,  do  -  *  '      -  400    -      '  ;:":     -  18| 

Over  400,  -     T'»'     TV.     -  -        iJr  '  , . '» ,.,      25 

Double  Letters,  or  those  composed  of  two  pieces  of  paper,  are  charged  with 
double  those  rates. 

Triple  Letters,  or  those  composed  of  three  pieces  of  paper,  are  charged  with 
triple  those  rates. 

Quadruple  Letters,  or  those  composed  of  four  pieces  of  paper,  are  charged 
with  quadruple  those  rates. 

All  Letters,  weighing  one  ounce  avoirdupois,  or  more,  are  charged  at  the 
rate  of  single  postage  for  each  quarter  of  an  ounce,  or  quadruple  postage  for 
each  ounce,  according  to  their  weight ;  and  no  letter  can  be  charged  with  more 
than  quadruple  postage,  unless  its  weight  exceeds  one  ounce  avoirdupois. 

Newspaper  Postage. 

For  each  newspaper,  not  carried  out  of  the  state  in  which  it  is  published ;  or 
if  carried  out  of  the  state,  but  not  carried  over  100  miles,  1  cent. 

Over  100  miles,  and  out  of  the  state  in  which  it  is  published,  l£  cents. 

Magazines  and  Pamphlets. 

If  published  periodically,  distance  not  exceeding  100  miles,      l£  cts.  per  sheet. 
Ditto                   do.  over  100  miles,        -                  -  2£          do. 

If  not  published  periodically,  distance  not  exceeding  100  miles,  4  do. 

Ditto  do.  over  100  miles 6  do. 

Small  pamphlets,  containing  not  more  than  a  half  sheet  royal,  are  charged 
with  half  those  rates.  Eight  pages  quarto  are  rated  as  one  sheet,  and  all  other 
sizes  in  the  same  proportion. 

The  number  of  sheets  which  it  contains,  must  be  printed  or  written  on  one 
of  the  outer  pages  of  every  pamphlet  or  magazine  sent  by  mail. 

Every  thing  not  coming  under  the  denomination  of  newspapers  or  pamphlets, 
is  charged  with  letter  postage. 

Post-offices  in  1790,  75 ;  Extent  of  Post-roads  in  miles  1,875. 

Do.     do.        1800,  903;  Do.             dq.             do.  20,817. 

Do.     do.        1610,  2,300;  Do.             do.             do.  36,406. 

Do.     do.        1820,  4,500;  Do.             dp,.             do.  72,492. 

Do.     4o.        1830,  8,450;  Do.             do.             do.  115,176. 

The  debt  of  the  United  States  consists  of  sums  borrowed  during 
the  revolutionary  war,  and  at  various  subsequent  periods.  The  debt 
due  by  the  government  at  the  close  of  the  war  in  1783,  was  42,000,375 
dollars ;  but  no  proper  provision  being  made  for  the  payment  of  the  interest 
and  the  public  revenue  often  falling  short  of  the  expenditure,  the  debt  con . 
tinued  to  increase,  and  in  1790  it  amounted  to  79,124,464  dollars.  Various 
measures  were  taken  for  its  liquidation,  but  with  little  effect,  till  1805.  From 
that  period  a  gradual  reduction  took  place,  till  it  was  stopped  by  the  war  with 
England  in  1812.  In  1812  the  amount  of  the  public  debt  was  45,035,123 
dollars,  but  in  consequence  of  the  loans  made  during  the  war,  it  amounted  in 
1816  to  123,016,375  dollars.  Considerable  progress  has  since  been  made  in 
paying  off  the  debt,  and  on  the  1st  of  January  1832  it  was  reduced  to 
$24,322,235  18.  viz. 

C 


18  GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 

FUNDED    DEBT. 

Three  per  cent  stock,  revolutionary  debt,  (date,  4th  August, 

1790,)  redeemable  at  the  pleasure  of  the  government,  $13,296,626  21 

Five  per  cent,  stock,  (3d  March,  1821,)  redeemable  after 
January  1,  1835,      -  -       $4,735,296  30 

Do.  exchanged,  (20th  April,  1822,)  redeem 
able  1831,  1832,  and  1833,  •  56,704  77 

4,792,001  07 

Four  and  a  half  per  cent,  stock,  1832,  1833,  and  1834, 

(May,  1824,)      -        • 6,194,251  96 

$24,282,870  24 

UNFUNDED    DEBT. 

Treasury  notes,  Mississippi  stock,  and  registered  debt  for 

claims  prior  to  1798,    -         -         -  -         -         -  39,355  94 

Total        $24,322^235"T8 

A  standing  army  is  necessarily  an  object  of  jealousy  in  a  republi 
can  state ;  and  as  North  America  has  no  formidable  enemy  in  Us 
vicinity,  and  as  the  people  are,  at  the  same  time,  extremely  studious  of  econo 
my  in  all  the  branches  of  the  government,  their  military  force  has  always  been 
kept  on  a  very  low  scale.  By  an  act  of  congress,  1815,  the  strength  of  the 
regular  army  was  fixed  at  9980  men.  In  1821  it  was  reduced  to  6442,  and 
on  the  1st  of  January,  1832,  the  number  was  6,188,  viz. 

I  Major  General,  2  Brigadier  Generals,  1  Adjutant  General,  2  Inspector 
Generals,  1  Quarter  Master  General,  4  Quarter  Masters,  1  Commissary  Gene 
ral  of  Subsistence,  2  Commissaries,  1  Surgeon  General,  8  Surgeons,  45  Assist 
ant  Surgeons,  1  Paymaster  General,  14  Paymasters,  1  Commissary  General 
of  Purchases,  1  Assistant  Engineer,  2  Military  Storekeepers,  12  Colonels,  12 
Lieutenant  Colonels,  19  Majors,  120  Captains,  148  First  Lieutenants,  148 
Second  Lieutenants,  11  Sergeant  Majors,  11  Quartermaster  Sergeants,  354 
Sergeants,  424  Corporals,  14  Principal  Musicians,  212  Musicians,  108  Artifi 
cers,  56  Ordnance  Men,  4452  Privates. — Aggregate,  6,188. 

The  militia,  which  constitutes  the  principal  military  force  of  the 
United  States,  consists  of  all  the  males  between  the  ages  of  18  and 
45.     According  to  returns  made  mostly  since  1830,  it  amounts  to  1,262,315 
men,  viz. 


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THE  UNITED  STATES.  19 

When  the  militia  are  called  into  the  field  for  actual  service,  they  have  the  same 
pay  and  allowances  as  the  regular  army,  but  are  only  bound  to  serve  for  six 
months. 

The  navy  of  the  United  States  is  small  in  point  of  numbers,  but  is 
perhaps  the  best  organized  and  most  effective  in  the  world.     The  un 
expected  and  astonishing  success  of  their  frigates  in  combats  with  British  ves 
sels  of  the  same  class  during  the  late  war,  established  at  once  the  reputation  of 
the  American  navy  for  skill  and  prowess  in  the  eyes  of  Europe ;  and  the  United 
States,  with  a  very  few  ships,  already  rank  high  as  a  naval  power.     From 
1816  to  1821,  one  million  of  dollars  was  expended  annually  in  building  ships 
of  war.     Since  1821  the  sum  thus  appropriated  has  been  reduced  one  half. 
The  strength  of  the  American  navy  is  as  follows  in  1832. 

7  ships  of  the  line,  7  frigates  of  the  first  rate,  3  of  the  second  rate,  15  sloops 
of  war,  8  schooners.  The  oldest  vessels  are  the  United  States,  the  Constitu 
tion,  and  the  Constellation,  all  built  in  the  year  1797.  Now  building  in  the 
United  States,  5  ships  of  the  line,  and  7  frigates.  Of  the  rank  of  lieutenants 
and  upwards,  there  are  325  ;  surgeons  and  assistant  surgeons,  97  ;  pursers  41 ; 
chaplains  9 ;  midshipmen  445 ;  sailing  masters  30 ;  boatswains  17 ;  gunners 
19;  carpenters  13  ;  sail-makers  14.  In  the  marine  corps  there  are  1  colonel, 
9  captains,  and  39  lieutenants. 


Name  and  rate. 


When  and  where  built.. 


Line  Ships. 
Independence     -     -     -     -     74 

Franklin 74 

Washington       ....     74 

Columbus 74 

Ohio 74 

North  Carolina     ....  74 
Delaware 74 

Frigates,  1st  Class. 

United  States 44 

Constitution 44 

Guerriere 44 

Java 44 

Potomac 44 

Brandywine       ....     44 
Hudson *  44 

Frigates,  2d  Class. 

Congress 36 

Constellation 36 

Macedonian       ....     36 

Sloops  of  War. 
John  Adams      ....     24 

Cyane 24 

Erie 18 

Ontario 18 

Peacock 18 

Boston 18 

Lexington 18 

Vincennes 18 

Warren 18 

Natchez 18 

Falmouth     ....          18 

Fairfield 18 

Vandalia 18 


Boston      .     -     -     -     • 

Philadelphia     ... 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.  -     - 
Washington     -     -     - 
New  York     .     .     .     . 
Philadelphia     -     -     - 
Gosport,  Va.      -    -    - 

Philadelphia     ... 

Boston 

Philadelphia     ... 
Baltimore       .     .     .     . 
Washington     ... 
Washington   .     .     .     . 
Purchased  (New  York) 

Portsmouth,  N.  H.    '."• 
Baltimore       -     -     -     - 


1814 
1815 
1816 
1819 
1820 
1820 
1820 

1797 
1797 
1814 
1814 
1821 
1825 
1826 

1799 
1797 
1812 


Charleston,  S.  C. 


-     1799 

1815 

Baltimore       -     -     -     -     1813 

Baltimore 1813 

New  York      ....     1813 

Boston 1825 

New  York     ....     1S25 
New  York      -      .     .     -  1826 

Boston 1826 

Norfolk 1827 

Boston 1827 

New  York     -     -     .     .  1828 
Philadelphia    -    -    -     -     1828 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 


Name  and  rate. 

When  and  where  built. 

-  18 

Washington  -     -     -     . 
Portsmouth      -     ... 

Philadelphia  -     -     -     - 
Washington     •     •     •     • 
Portsmouth    -     ... 

Washington     - 
New  York     -     -     -     - 

1828 
1828 

1821 
1821 
1820 
1821 
1831 
1831 
1823 
1R23 

ifi 

Schooners,  <$fc. 

12 

.12 

10 

-      12 

19 

Pnv 

Purchased      .... 

Pk»n   On  11   FtrnlhWl 

NAVY    YARDS. 

There  are  seven  navy  yards  belonging  to,  and  occupied  for  the  use  of,  the 
United  States,  viz. 

No.  1.  The  navy  yard  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  is  situated  on  an  island,  on  the 
east  side  of  Piscataqua  river,  within  the  jurisdiction  of  Massachusetts,  contains 
fifty-eight  acres,  and  cost  $5,500. 

No.  2.  The  navy  yard  at  Charlestown,  Mass.,  is  situated  on  the  north  side 
of  Charles  river,  on  a  point  of  land  east  of  the  town  of  Charlestown,  contains 
thirty-four  acres,  exclusive  of  extensive  flats,  and  cost  $39,214,  including  com 
missions  and  charges. 

No.  3.  The  navy  yard  at  New  York,  is  situated  on  Long  Island,  opposite  to 
the  city  of  New  York,  on  the  Wallabout  Bay,  contains  forty  acres,  including 
the  mill-pond,  and  cost  $40,000. 

No.  4.  The  navy  yard  at  Philadelphia  is  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the 
river  Delaware,  within  the  District  of  Southwark,  adjoining  the  city  of  Phila 
delphia,  in  the  state  of  Pennsylvania,  contains  eleven  acres,  to  low- water  mark, 
and  cost  $37,000. 

No.  5.  The  navy  yard  at  Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  is  situated 
on  the  Eastern  Branch  of  the  river  Potomac,  contains  thirty-seven  acres,  and 
cost  $4,000. 

No.  6.  The  navy  yard  at  Gosport  is  situated  on  the  south  branch  of  Eliza 
beth  river,  adjoining  the  town  of  Portsmouth,  in  the  state  of  Virginia,  contains 
sixteen  acres,  and  cost  $12,000. 

No.  7.     Pensacola,  Florida. 

Rcii  ion  ^  was  reservec^  ^or  ^e  lawgivers  of  the  United  States  to  make  the 
bold  experiment  of  dispensing  with  a  state-religion.  In  New  Hamp 
shire  the  legislature  is  empowered  to  authorize,  and  in  Massachusetts  the  legis 
lature  is  enjoined  to  require,  the  several  towns  and  parishes  to  make  adequate 
provision,  at  their  own  expense,  for  the  support  of  Protestant  ministers.  The 
same  was  the  case  in  Connecticut  until  1818,  when  it  was  abolished  by  the 
new  constitution.  But  in  all  the  other  twenty-two  states,  the  support  of  religion 
is  left  entirely  to  the  voluntary  zeal  of  its  professors.  The  result  has  shown 
that  Christianity  has  a  firm  hold  in  the  nature  of  man,  and  is  rather  injured 
than  served  by  those  costly  establishments  which  so  often  abridge  free  inquiry 
and  liberty  of  conscience,  engender  fierce  animosities  among  rival  sects,  per 
petuate  the  errors  and  dogmas  of  unenlightened  times,  and  degrade  religion  into 
an  engine  of  civil  tyranny,  or  the  ally  of  ignorance  and  imposture.  In  the 
large  towns  and  populous  places  of  New  England,  and  the  middle  states,  reli 
gious  instruction  is  more  faithfully  and  abundantly  dispensed,  and  religious  ordi 
nances  are  more  strictly  and  universally  observed,  than  in  any  other  country 
in  the  world.  In  newly-settled  districts,  where  a  small  population  is  spread 
over  a  widfe  surface,  the  means  of  religious  instruction  are  often  deficient. 


THE  UNITED  STATES.  21 

The  most  numerous  sects,  are  Congregationalists,  Presbyterians,  Episcopali 
ans,  Methodists,  Baptists,  Lutherans,  Unitarians,  and  Quakers. 

Benevolent  societies,  and  religious  institutions  of  every  kind,  are  Benevolent 
far  more  numerous  than  in  Great  Britain,  in  proportion  to  the  popu-    Societies, 
lation  :  the  following  is  a  list  of  the  principal : 

BENEVOLENT  SOCIETIES. 


NAME. 

Presidents. 

For 
ma. 

Income, 
1828-9. 

Income, 
1829-30. 

Connecticut  Miss.  Soc. 

Hon.  Jonathan  Brace, 

1798 

$2,070  33 

#3,013  06 

Philadelphia  Bible  Soc. 

Rt.  Rev.  Wm.  White,  D.  D. 

1808 

7,724  41 

Am.  Board  For.  Miss. 

John  C.  Smith,  LL.  D. 

1810 

102,000  00 

106,928  26 

Am.  Bap.  Bd.  For.  Miss. 

Rev.  Jesse  Mercer, 

1814 

16,061  90 

20,000  00 

Am.  Tract  Society,  Bost. 

Hon.  William  Reed, 

1814 

13,896  18 

11,102  06 

Am.  Education  Society, 

Samuel  Hubbard,  LL.  D. 

1816 

30,434  18 

30,710  14 

Am.  Asy.  Deaf  $nd  Dumb, 

Hon.  Nathaniel  Terry, 

1816 

2,341  55 

American  Bible  Society, 

Col.  Richard  Varick, 

1816 

143,184  33 

170,067  55 

Presby.  Br.  Am.  Ed.  Soc. 

Arthur  Tappan,  Esq. 

1817 

12,632  00 

Board  Miss.  Gen.  Assem. 

A.  Green,  D.  D.  LL.  D. 

1818 

8,000  00 

12,632  43 

Methodist  Miss.  Society, 

Rev.  Elijah  Heading, 

1819 

14,176  11 

13,128  00 

Board  Edu.  Gen.  Assem. 

Th.  McAuley,  D.  D. 

1819 

Am.  Colonization  Society, 

Charles  Carroll, 

1819 

19,561  93 

20,295  00 

Dutch  Ref.  Miss.  Society, 

1822 

4,470  71 

4,604  00 

American  S.  S.  Union, 

Alexander  Henry,  Esq. 

1824 

18,527  00 

70,521  70 

Baptist  Gen.  Tract  Society, 

Rev.  Wm.  T.  Brantly, 

1824 

5,256  76 

5,536  39 

Prison  Discipline  Society, 

Hon.  William  Jay, 

1825 

3,531  00 

3,353  52 

Mass.  S.  S.  Union, 

Hon.  William  Reed, 

1825 

1,018  80 

1,465  46 

American  Tract  Society, 

S.  V.  S.  Wilder,  Esq. 

1825 

60,000  00 

60,210  00 

Am.  Temperance  Society, 

Marcus  Morton,  LL.  D. 

1826 

Am.  Home  Miss.  Society, 

S.  Van  Rensselaer,  LL.  D. 

1826 

26,997  31 

33,229  00 

Am.  Seamen's  Friend  Soc. 

S.  Thompson,  LL.  D. 

1826 

1,214  38 

4,159  87 

Mass.  Miss.  Soc.  reorg. 

Leonard  Woods,  D.  D. 

1827 

5,247  32 

American  Peace  Society, 

1828 

49585 

African  Education  Society, 

Rt.  Rev.  Wm.  Meade,  D.  D. 

1830 

$485,714  20 

$584,08429 

PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ©N  THE  GENERAL  VIEW  OF 
THE  UNITED  STATES. 

1.  What  are  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  United  States? 

2.  What  are  the  principal  chains  of  mountains  ? 

3.  What  is  the  general  direction  of  these  mountains  ? 

4.  How  do  these  mountains  divide  the  United  States  ? 

5.  Which  division  comprises  the  great  valley  of  the  Mississippi  ? 

6.  Which  are  the  two  largest  lakes  wholly  within  the  United  States  ? 

7.  Mention  those  lakes  which  lie  half  in  the  United  States  and  half  in 
Upper  Canada. 

8.  What  are  the  principal  rivers  in  the  United  States  ? 

9.  What  can  you  say  of  the  climate  1 

10.  What  is  said  of  the  south-west  wind  west  of  the  Alleghanies? 

1 1 .  What  is  said  of  the  mean  temperature  of  the  year  at  Philadelphia,  com- 
pared  with  the  corresponding  latitudes  on  the  coast  of  Europe  ? 

12.  How  long  are  the  mouths  of  the  Delaware  and  St.  Lawrence  shut  by 
ice  in  a  year  ? 

13.  What  is  said  of  the  rains  and  dews? 

14.  What  of  storms  of  thunder  and  lightning? 

15.  Mention  the  powers   and  duties  vested  in  the  general  land-office  at 
Washington. 


22  GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 

16.  At  what  places  are  other  land-offices  established? 

17.  How  are  the  public  lands  obtained  ? 

18.  How  are  these  lands  surveyed  and  set  off? 

19.  How  much  of  each  township  is  allotted  for  the  support  of  schools  ? 

20.  How  much  land,  west  of  the  Alleghanies,  has  been  set  apart  for  the 
endowment  of  superior  seminaries  of  learning  ? 

21.  What  is  the  whole  number  of  acres  of  public  land  in  1832? 

22.  In  what  manner,  and  at  what  price,  are  the  public  lands  offered  for  sale? 

23.  In  what  manner  are  the  title  deeds  executed  ? 

24.  What  part  of  the  United  States  are  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  tobacco  ? 
—25.  Cotton?— 26.  Rice?— 27.  Sugar? 

28.  In  what  section  of  the  United  States  is  gold  found  ? 

29.  In  what  States  are  mines  of  iron  ore  worked? 

30.  From  what  country  do  the  United  States  obtain  copper  ? 

31.  From  what  State  is  our  lead  chiefly  obtained? 

32.  Mention  in  what  States  coal  is  found,  and  where  is  one  of  the  largest 
formations  in  the  world  ? 

33.  How  is  salt  chiefly  obtained? 

34.  Where  do  salt  springs  abound  ? — 35.  What  is  said  of  the  salt  springs  at 
Salina,  in  New  York  ? 

36.  Into  how  many  branches  is  the  legislative  power  of  the  United  States 
separated,  and  what  are  they  ? 

37.  What  power  is  committed  to  the  State  governments  ? 

38.  What  power  belongs  to  the  Federal  Government,  or  Congress  ? 

39.  What  allowance  do  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress  receive 
for  their  services  ? 

40.  In  what  way  do  members  of  Congress  vacate  their  places  ? 

41.  In  what  does  the  Federal  Judiciary  consist? 

42.  How  many  Judges  are  there  in  the  Supreme  Court? 

43.  What  jurisdiction  has  this  Court  ? 

44.  What  can  you  say  of  the  State  governments  ? 

45.  How  often  do  general  elections,  in  the  different   States,  occur  ? 

46.  What  is  the  shortest  period  for  which  the  Senators  serve  in  any  of  the 
States  ?— 47.  What  the  longest  ? 

48.  Name  the  States  where  they  serve  one  year. — 49.  Where  they  serve 
two  years. — 50.  Three  years. — 51.  Where  four,  and  where  five  years. 

52.  What  religious  qualification  is  necessary  for  office,  m  the  different  States? 

53.  From  what  is  the  public  revenue  derived  ? 

54.  What  is  the  average  produce  of  the  customs  ? 

55.  What  sum  is  annually  derived  from  the  sale  of  public  lands  ? 

56.  What  is  said  of  the  Post  Office  establishment  ? 

57.  State  the  rates  of  postage,  &c. 

58.  What  does  the  debt  of  the  United  States  consist  of?  What  the  amount 
ir  1832? 

59.  What  is  the  amount  of  the  standing  army  ? 

60.  Of  what  does  the  militia  of  the  United  States  consist?  What  the  num 
ber  of  militia  ?  Which  State  has  the  greatest  number  of  militia  ?  Which  next  ? 
Which  the  third  and  fourth  ? 

61.  How  long  are  they  bound  to  serve,  when  called  into  actual  service? 

62.  What  can  you  say  of  the  navy  of  the  United  States  ? 

63.  What  is  now  the  strength  of  the  navy  ?  Where  are  the  navy -yards  of 
the  United  States  ? 

64.  How  is  religion  supported  in  the  United  States  ? 

65.  Mention  the  benevolent  societies  of  a  national  character. 

66.  Which  of  these  has  the  greatest  income  ? 

67.  Which  next  ?  Mention  the  others  in  the  order  of  their  income. 


THE  UNITED  STATES. 

STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


23 


UNITED  STATES. 

TABLE  I. 

Population  of  the  different  States  and  Territories,  according  to  Five 
Enumerations. 


States  and  Terri 

Pop. 

Pop. 

Pop. 

Pop. 

Pop. 

tories. 

1790. 

1800. 

1810. 

1820. 

1830. 

Vtaine, 

96,540 

151,719 

228,705 

298,335 

399,437 

N.  Hampshire, 

141,885 

183,858 

214,460 

244,161 

269,367 

Vermont, 

85,539 

154,465 

217,895 

235,764 

280,679 

Massachusetts, 

378,787 

422,845 

472,040 

523,287 

610,014 

:lhode  Island, 

68,825 

69,122 

76,931 

83,059 

97,210 

Connecticut, 

237,946 

251,002 

261,942 

275,248 

297,513 

New  York, 

340,120 

586,050 

959,049 

1,372,812 

1,934,000 

New  Jersey, 

184,139 

211,149 

245,562 

277,575 

320,779 

Pennsylvania, 

434,373 

602,545 

810,091 

1,049,313 

1,347,672 

Delaware, 

59,094 

64,273 

72,674 

72,749 

76,739 

Maryland, 

319,728 

345,824 

380,546 

407,350 

446,913 

Virginia, 

747,610 

880,200 

974,622 

1,065,366 

1,211,296 

North  Carolina, 

393,951 

478,103 

555,500 

638,829 

738,470 

South  Carolina, 

249,073 

345,591 

415,115 

502,741 

581,458 

Georgia, 

82,548 

162,686 

252,433 

340,989 

516,567 

Alabama,  .  ) 
Mississippi,  J 

— 

8,850 

40,352 

$  127,901 

I    75,448 

308,997 
110,000 

Louisiana, 

— 

— 

76,556 

153,407 

215,762 

Tennessee, 

— 

105,602 

261,727 

420,813 

684,833 

Kentucky, 

73,677 

220,959 

406,511 

564,317 

688,844 

Ohio, 

— 

45,365 

230,760 

581,434 

937,679 

Indiana, 

— 

4,651 

24,520 

147,178 

341,582 

Illinois, 

— 

215 

12,282 

55,211 

157,575 

Missouri, 

— 

— 

19,783 

66,586 

140,192! 

Michigan  Ter. 

— 

551 

4,762 

8,896 

31,698 

Arkansas  Ter. 

— 

— 

1,062 

14,273 

30,383 

Dis.  of  Columbia, 

— 

14,093 

24,023 

33,039 

39,858 

Florida  Territory, 

— 

— 

— 

— 

34,723 

Total, 

3,929,326 

5,309,758 

7,239,903 

9,638,166 

12,850,240 

REMARK. 


The  first  complete  census  of  the  United  States  was  taken  in  1790.  The 
population  of  the  Thirteen  States,  at  the  time  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence,  was  not  far  from  2,600,000. 


24 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 


TABLE  II. 

The  Total  Population  and  the  Number  of  Slaves  in  the  United  States  at 
different  Periods,  with  the  respective  Increase. 


Total  Pop. 

TJ  _  * 

1st 

Census, 

1790, 

3,929,326 

From 

Increase. 

it  ate 
pr.  ct. 

2d 

do. 

1800, 

5,309,758 

1790 

to 

1800, 

1,308,232 

35. 

1 

3d 

do. 

1810, 

7,239,903 

1800 

to 

1810, 

1,930,345 

36. 

3 

4th 

do. 

1820, 

9,638,166 

1810 

to 

1820, 

2,398,263 

33. 

1 

5th 

do. 

1830, 

12,850,240 

1820 

to 

1630, 

3,212,074 

33. 

3 

Slaves. 

1st 

Census, 

1790, 

697,696 

From 

2d 

do. 

1800, 

896,849 

1790 

to 

1800, 

199,153 

28. 

7 

3d 

do. 

1810, 

1,191,364 

1800 

to 

1810, 

294,515 

32.1 

4th 

do. 

1820, 

1,538,036 

1810 

to 

1820, 

346,627 

29. 

1 

5th 

do. 

1830, 

1,888,690 

1820 

to 

1830, 

350,654 

22.8 

TABLE  III. 

The  Population  of  the  several  States  and  Territories  in  1830,  the 
Number  of  Square  Miles,  the  Population  to  a  Square  Mile,  and  the 
Number  of  Slaves  in  1830. 


Population. 

Square  Miles. 

Pop.  to  Sq.  Mile. 

Slaves. 

New  York,          1,934,000 

Va.       66,000 

Mass.           81 

Va.     363,637 

Pennsylvania,     1,348,000 

Mo.       63,000 

R.  I.            75 

S.  C.  315,665 

Virginia,             1,211,000 

Geo.      61,000 

Ct.               62 

N.  C.  246,462 

Ohio,                      938,000 

111.        58,000 

Md.              41 

Geo.    217,470 

North  Carolina,     738,000 

Ala.      51,000 

N.  Y.          40 

Ken.    165,350 

Kentucky,              689,000 

N.  C.    50,000 

N.  J.           40 

Ten.    142,382 

Tennessee,             685,000 

Mis.       48,000 

Del.             36 

Ala.     117,294 

Massachusetts,       610,000 

La.        48,000 

Pa.               29 

La.      109,631 

South  Carolina,     581,000 

N.  Y.    48,000 

N.  H.          28 

Md.     102,878 

Georgia,                 517,000 

Pa.        47,000 

Vt.                27 

Mis.       50,000 

Maryland,              447,000 

Ten.      43,000 

Ohio,            24 

Mo.       24,990 

Maine,                    399,000 

Ohio,    39,000 

S,  C.            19 

Del.         3,305 

Indiana,                 342,000 

Ken.     38,000 

Va.               J8 

N.  J.       2,246 

New  Jersey,          321^000 

bid.      34,000 

Ken.             18 

111.              746 

Alabama,               309,000 

Me.        32,000 

Ten.             16 

Pa.             386 

Connecticut,           298,000 

S.  C.    30,000 

N.  C.           15 

N.  Y.           46 

Vermont,                281,000 

Md.       11,000 

Me.              12 

Ct                23 

New  Hampshire,  269,000 

Vt.        10,200 

Ind.             10 

R.  I.             14 

Louisiana,              216,000 

N.  H,     9,500 

Geo.            8£ 

Me.                0 

Illinois,                  158,000 

N.  J.      S,MQ 

Ala.             6 

N.H.            0 

Missouri,                140,000 

Mass.      7,500 

111.                3 

Vt.                0 

Mississippi,             110,000 

Ct.          4,800 

Mis.             2 

Mass.             0 

Rhode  Island,           97,000 

Del.        2,100 

Mo.              2 

Ohio,             0 

Delaware,                77,000 

R.  I.        1,300 

Ind.                0 

Dis.  of  Columbia,    40,000 

Ar.  T.  60,000 

Flo.  T.  15,510 

Florida  Ter.            35,000 

Flo.  T.  55,000 

D.  C.      6,050 

Michigan  Ter.          32,000 

Mi.T.   38,000 

Ar.  T.     4,578 

Arkansas  Ter.         30,000 

D.  C.         100 

Mich.  T.       27 

12,850,000 

1,888,690 

THE  UNITED  STATES. 


TABLE  IV. 
COLLEGES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Name. 

Place. 

Found 

Collie 

Vols.  in 
Student 

Commencement. 

fd. 

Library 

Ubrarus 

Bowdoin, 
Waterville, 

Brunswick,     Me. 
Waterville,      do. 

1794 

1820 

8,00 
1,80 

4,300 
600 

First  Wednesday  in  Sepi. 
Last  Wednesday  in  July 

Dartmouth, 

Hanover,         N.H. 

1770 

6,000 

8,000 

Last  Wed.  but  one1  in  August. 

Univ.  of  Vermont, 

Burlington,      Vt. 

179 

1,000 

500 

First  Wednesday  in  August. 

5 

Middlebury» 

Middlebury,    do. 

1800 

1,846 

2,322 

Third  Wednesday  in  August. 

i 

Harvard  University, 
Williams, 

Cambridge,      Mass 
Williamstown,  do. 

1638 
1793 

35,000 
2,550 

4,600 
2,000 

Last  Wednesday  in  August. 
First  Wednesday  in  Sept. 

(• 

Ambers  t. 

Amherst,             do. 

182 

2,380 

4,515 

Fourth  Wednesday  in  August. 

j 

Brown  University, 

Providence,     R.  I. 

1764 

6,100 

6,000 

First  Wednesday  in  Sept. 

1( 

Yale, 

New  Haven,    Conn 

1700 

8,500 

9,000 

Third  Wednesday  in  Aug. 

1] 

Washington, 

Hartford,             do. 

1826 

5,000 

1,200 

First  Wednesday  in  August, 

1  t 

Wesleyan  Univ. 

Middletown,       do. 

1831 

. 

. 

l; 

^olumbia* 

New  York,      N.  Y. 

1754 

8,000 

6,000 

i^irst  Tuesday  in  August 

14 

If 

Union, 
Hamilton, 

Schenectady,      do. 
Clinton,               do. 

1795 
1812 

5,150 
2,900 

8,450 
3,000 

?ourth  Wednesday  in  July. 
?ourth  Wednesday  in  August. 

11 

Geneva, 

Geneva,              do. 

1823 

500 

900 

^irst  Wednesday  in  August. 

1* 

College  of  N.  J. 

Princeton,         N.  J. 

174f 

8,000 

4,000 

L,ast  Wednesday  in  Sept. 

18 

Rutgers, 

N.  Brunswick,   do. 

1770 

.    . 

.    . 

Third  Wednesday  in  August. 

tf 
2( 

Univ.  of  Pennsyl. 
Dickinson, 

Philadelphia,    Penn 
Carlisle,              do. 

1755 
1783 

2,000 

5,000 

-.ast  day,  not  Sunday,  in  July, 
fourth  Wednesday  in  Sept. 

2] 

feflerson, 

^anonsburg,       do. 

1802 

700 

1,800 

L,ast  Thursday  in  September 

22 

Western  University, 

Pittsburg,            do. 

1820 

.    . 

50 

jast  Friday  in  June. 

2' 

Washington, 

Washington,       do. 

1806 

400 

525 

jast  Thursday  in  September. 

2^ 

Alleghany, 

Meadville,          do. 

1815 

8,000 

.    . 

rirst  Wednesday  in  July. 

2f 

Vfadison, 

Union  Town,     do. 

1829 

i 

. 

uly  15th. 

2f 

St.  Mary's  * 

Baltimore,          Md. 

1799 

10,000 

.    . 

Third  Tuesday  in  July. 

i)F" 

'T      "                4*    1\<f             1      nA 

TV»                           rln 

1  010 

rhirr}  \\7~prlrnacrla      in    T    1 

28 

u  m  v.  oi  ivmry  uuiu, 
St.  John's, 

L>O.                    UO. 

Annapolis,          do. 

1  O.I  x^ 

1784 

2,100 

, 

Second  Wednesday  in  Feb. 

2f 

Vlourit  St.  Mary's,* 

Vear  Efnrnittsbg.  do 

1830 

7,000 

.    . 

^ast  Week  in  June. 

30 

Columbian, 

iVashingtottj       Ca. 

1821 

4,000 

.    . 

''ourth  Wednesday  in  Dec 

31 

Georgetown,* 

Georgetown,      D.  C. 

1799 

7,000 

.    . 

Vear  the  last  of  July. 

32 

William  and  Mary, 

yVilliamsburg,    Va. 

1693 

3*600 

600 

uly  4th. 

34 

lampden-Sydney, 
Washington, 
Jniv.  of  Virginia, 

3rince  Ed.  Co.    do. 
Lexington,           do. 
Charlottesville,  do. 

1774 
1812 
1819 

700 
8,000 

1,500 

fourth  Wednesday  in  Sept. 
Third  Wednesday  in  April. 

!f> 

Jniv.  of  N.  Carolina, 
Charleston, 

Chapel  Hill,     N.  C. 
Charleston,        S.  C. 

1791 

1785 

1,800 
3,000 

3,000 
1,000 

fourth  Thursday  in  June, 
jast  Tuesday  in  October. 

38 

College  of  S.  C. 

Columbia,           do. 

1801 

7,000 

.    . 

d  Mon.  after  4th  Mon.  in  Nov. 

19 

40 
I 

Univ.  of  Georgia, 
Alabama  University, 
efferson 

Athens,             Ga. 
Tuscaloosa,       Ala. 

1785 
1820 
180° 

2,000 
1,000 

2,250 

^irst  Wednesday  in  August. 
Third  Wednesday  in  Dec. 

2 

xmisiana, 

ackson,             La. 

_ 

_ 

Greenville, 

Greenville,       Tenn. 

1794 

3,500 

Tiird  Wednesday  in  Sept. 

4 

Jniv.  of  Nashville, 

Vashville,           do. 

1806 

2,500 

750 

''irst  Wednesday  in  October. 

45 

C.  Tennessee, 

Cnoxville,          do. 

.  . 

340 

200 

''irst  Wednesday  in  October. 

6 

>ansylyania, 

jexineton.        Ken. 

1798 

2,350 

1,500 

,ast  Wednesday  in  Sept. 

7 

Centre, 

)anville,            do. 

1822 

1,258 

108 

uly  4th. 

48 

Augusta, 

Augusta,             do. 

1823 

1,500 

550 

Thursday  after  1st  Wed.  Aug. 

49 

Cumberland, 

'rinceton,          do. 

1825 

1,000 

600 

Second  Thursday  in  Sept. 

50 

St.  Joseph's,* 

Jardstown,         do. 

1819 

1,300 

.    - 

st  of  August. 

51 

Georgetown, 

Georgetown,      do. 

1830 

. 

. 

52 

Jniv.  of  Ohio, 

Lthens,              Ohio. 

802 

1,000 

1,000 

Ved.  after  3d  Tuesday  in  Sept. 

53 

Vtiami  University, 

Oxford,               do. 

824 

1,000 

1,200 

>ast  Wednesday  in  Sept. 

54 

Vestern  Reserve, 

ludson,             do. 

826 

1,000 

100 

Fourth  Wednesday  in  August. 

55 

Lenyon, 

Gambier,            do. 

828 

. 

. 

56 

franklin, 

Vew  Athens,      do. 

824 

.     . 

.    . 

^ourth  Wednesday  in  Sept. 

57 

ndiana, 

Uoomingdale,     Ind. 

827 

182 

50 

L,ast  Wednesday  in  Sept. 

58 

llinois, 

acksonville,       11. 

830 

600 

. 

59 

t.  Louis,* 

St.  Louis,            Mo. 

829 

1.200 

-    - 

*  Catholic  Colleges:  a  large  part  of  the  students  in  these  belong  to  the  preparatory  department. 

D 


26 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 


TABLE  V. 
Theological  Seminaries. 


frame. 

Place. 

Denomination. 

Com. 
oper 
ation. 

Vols. 
in 
Lib. 

Bangor  Theol.  Sem.    -    .     - 

Bangor,  Me.      .... 

Cong.     -     -     - 

1816 

1,200 

Theological  Seminary,      .     - 

Andover,  Mass.      ... 

Cong.     .     .     . 

1808 

6,000 

Theological  School,     .    -    . 

Cambridge,  do  

Cong.  Unit.     - 

1824 

1,500 

Theol.  Institution,  ... 

Newton,       do.  -    -     -    - 

Baptist,.    -     - 

1825 

Theol.  Dep.  Yale  Col..    - 

New  Haven,  Con.  ... 

Cong.     ... 

1822 

8,000 

|Theol.  Ins.  Epis.  Ch.  -    - 

New  York,  N.  Y.  -    -    . 

Prot.  Epis.  .    . 

1819 

3,650 

Theol.  Sem.  of  Auburn,  - 

Auburn,        do.     ... 

Presbyt.      -    - 

1821 

3,550 

Hamilton  Lit.  &  Th.  In.  - 

Hamilton,      do.     ... 

Baptist,  -    -    - 

1820 

1,300 

Hartwick  Seminary,    -     - 

Hartwrck,     do.      ... 

Lutheran,  -    - 

1816 

900 

Th..Sem.  Du.  Ref.  Ch.      - 

N.  Brunswick,  N.  J.  -    . 

Dutch  Ref.  -    - 

Th.  Sem.  Pr.  Ch.  U.  S.     .    - 

Princeton,          do.     -    - 

Presbyt.      -    - 

1812 

6,000 

Sem.  Luth.  Ch.  U.  S.  -     -     . 

Gettysburg,  Pa.    ... 

Evang.  L.  -    - 

1826 

6,000 

German  Reformed,      ... 

York,            do.     .    .    - 

G.  Ref.  Ch.      - 

1825 

3,500 

Western  Th.  Seminary,  -    . 
Epis.  Tb.  School,.  Va.  -    - 

Alleghany  T.  do.    -     -     - 
Fairfax  Co.  Va.      -     -     - 

Presbyt      -    - 
Prot  Epis.       - 

1828 

Union  Th.  Seminary,  .    . 

Pr.Ed.Co.  do  

Presbyt. 

1824 

Southern  Tk  Seminary,  - 

Columbia,  S.  C.      ... 

do.      . 

1829 

South-  Westren  Th.  Sem.  - 

Maryville,  Ten.     .    -    . 

do.     . 

1821 

550 

Lane  Seminary,      ... 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,   ... 

do.     - 

1829 

Rock  Spring      ..... 

Rock  Spring,.  U.     ... 

Baptist  - 

1827 

1,200 

Hanover  ...» 

New  IVTadison  In  ... 

•O                V         A 

1R20 

i  icfauyu       •      » 

JLO<4i7 

43,350 

TABLE  VI. 
Medical  Schools.- 


JVfame. 

Place. 

Prof. 

Students. 

99 

New  Hampshire  Medical  School,  .    . 
Medical  Society  Univ.  Vermont,    .    . 
Vermont  Academy  of  Med  
Mass.  Med.  Col.  Harv.  Univ.      .    .    . 
Berkshire  Med.  Ins.  Wm.  Col.  .    .     . 
Med.  Dep.  Yale  College,  

Hanover,  . 
Burlington, 
Castieton,  . 
Boston, 
Pittsfield,  . 
New  Haven 

3 
3 
4 
5 
7 
5 

103 
40 

91 
100 
61 

Col.  Phys.  and  Surg.  N.  Y  
Rutgers  Med.  Fac.  Gen.  Col.     .    .    . 
Col.  Phys.  and  Surg.  W.  Dist.  .     .    . 

New  York, 
New  York, 
Fairfield,  N.  Y, 
Philadelphia, 

7 
6 
5 
g 

113 

160 
420 

Med.  Dep.  Jefferson  College,     .    .    . 
Med.  Dep.  Univ.  Md  

Canonsburg, 
Baltimore 

5 

Q 

121 

Med.  Col.  Charleston,  S.  C  
Med.  Dep.  Transylvania,  Univ.      .    . 
Med.  College  of  Ohio.  . 

Charleston, 
Lexington, 
Cincinnati. 

6 
6 

130 
200 
113 

[For  further  Statistical  Tables,  see  Appendix.] 

NUMBER  OF  STUDENTS  IN  COLLEGE,  IN  PROPORTION  TO  POPULATION^ 

Eastern  States,  1  stud,  to  1,231  inh.          I  Southern  States,  1  stud,  to  7,232  inh. 
Middle  States,  1     do.      3,465   do.  |  Western  States,   I      do.     6,060. 

-LAW  SCHOOLS. — At  Cambridge,  Ms.,  New  Haven,  Litchfield,  Ct,  Philadelphia,  Williams- 
burgh,  Va.,  Charleston,  S.  C.  and  Lexington,  Ky» 

Principal  Libraries. 

Philadelphia  Library,  42,000  volumes;  Cambridge  University  Library,  35,000;  Boston 
Athenaeum,  20,000, ;  New  York  Library,  22,000 ;  National  Library,  Washington,  16,000 ; 
Charleston  Library,  13,000. 


THE  UNITED  STATES.  27 


QUESTIONS  ON  TABLE  III. 

1.  Which  is  the  most  populous  state  in  the  Union? 

2.  Mention  the  six  next  in  order  of  their  population. 

3.  Which  state  has  the  fewest  inhabitants  ? 

4.  Which  next? 

5.  Which  state  has  the  greatest  number  of  square  miles  ? 

6.  Mention  the  six  next  in  order. 

7.  Which  state  has  the  least  number  of  square  miles  ? 

8.  Which  is  the  next  smallest  state  ? 

9.  Which  state  is  the  most  thickly  settled,  that  has  the  greatest  number  of 
inhabitants  on  a  square  mile  ? 

10.  Which  next? 

11.  Mention  the  four  next  in  order. 

12.  Which  two  have  the  least  dense  population? 

13.  Which  state  has  the  greatest  number  of  slaves? 

14.  Mention  the  six  next  in  order. 

15.  Can  you  mention  the  three  states  that  have  the  least  number  of  slaves? 

16.  Mention  the  states  that  have  no  slaves. 

17.  What  was  the  total  number  of  slaves  in  the  United  States  in  1830  ? 

18.  How  many  colleges  are  there  in  the  United  States  ?   See  Table  IV. 

19.  Which  has  the  greatest  number  of  volumes  in  the  college  library  ? 

20.  Which  four  stand  next? 

21.  How  many  theological  seminaries  are  there  in  the  United  States? 

22.  Which  is  the  oldest  theological  seminary  in  the  United  States,  and  when 
•did  it  commence  its  operations  ? 

23.  Which  next? 

24.  Which  denomination  of  Christians  has  the  greatest  number  of  theologi 
cal  seminaries  ? 

25.  Which  next? 

26.  How  many  medical  schools  are  there  in  the  United  States  ? 

27.  Which  has  the  greatest  number  of  students  ? 

28.  Which  four  are  next  in  regard  to  numbers  ? 

29.  Where  are  the  principal  law  schools  ? 

30.  What  proportion  do  the  students  in  college,  bear  to  the  whole  population 
in  the  eastern  states  ? 

31.  What  proportion  in  the  middle  states? 

32.  Southern  states  ? 

33.  Western  states? 

34.  Which  is  the  largest  library  in  the  United  States,  and  how  many  vol. 
umes  does  it  contain  ? 

35.  Which  is  the  next,  and  how  many  volumes  ? 

36.  Mention  the  four  next  in  order. 


28  DECLARATION  OF 


DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 

IN  CONGRESS,  July  4,  1776. 
The  Unanimous  Declaration  of  the  Thirteen  United  States  of  America. 

Propriety  WHEN,  in  the  course  of  human  events,  it  becomes  necessary  for 
of  the  one  people  to  dissolve  the  political  bands  which  have  connected  them 
Declaration.  w^  ^0^^ ?  anj  to  assume,  among  the  powers  of  the  earth,  the 
separate  and  equal  station  to  which  the  laws  of  nature  and  of  nature's  God 
entitle  them,  a  decent  respect  to  the  opinions  of  mankind  requires  that  they 
should  declare  the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  separation. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident ; — that  all  men  are  created  equal, 
Unaiienabie  that  they  are  endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain  unalienable 
tiufpeopie,  rights ;  that  among  these  are  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happi- 
&c.  '  ness.  That  to  secure  these  rights,  governments  are  instituted  among 
men,  deriving  their  just  powers  from  the  consent  of  the  governed ;  that  when 
ever  any  form  of  government  becomes  destructive  of  these  ends,  it  is  the  right 
of  the  people  to  alter  or  to  abolish  it,  and  to  institute  a  new  government,  laying 
its  foundation  on  such  principles,  and  organizing  its  powers  in  such  form,  as  to 
them  shall  seem  most  likely  to  effect  their  safety  and  happiness.  Prudence,  in 
deed,  will  dictate,  that  governments  long  established  should  not  be  changed  for 
light  and  transient  causes ;  and  accordingly  all  experience  hath  shown,  that 
mankind  are  more  disposed  to  suffer  while  evils  are  sufferable,  than  to  right 
themselves  by  abolishing  the  forms  to  which  they  are  accustomed.  But  when 
a  long  train  of  abuses  and  usurpations,  pursuing  invariably  the  same  object, 

Absolute  evinces  a  design  to  reduce  them  under  absolute  despotism,  it  is  their 
tyranny  the  right,  it  is  their  duty  to  throw  off  such  government,  and  to  provide 
°  Sg  of  enew  guards  for  their  future  security.  Such  has  been  the  patient  suf- 
GreainB"1  ferance  of  these  colonies ;  and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which  con 
strains  them  to  alter  their  former  systems  of  government.  The  his 
tory  of  the  present  king  of  Great  Britain  is  a  history  of  repeated  injuries  and 
usurpations,  all  having  in  direct  object  the  establishment  of  an  absolute  tyranny 
over  these  states.  To  prove  this,  let  facts  be  submitted  to  a  candid  world. 

He  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the  most  wholesome  and  necessary  for  the 
public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  governors  to  pass  laws  of  immediate  and  pressing  im- 
Recitation  portance,  unless  suspended  in  their  operation,  till  his  assent  should 
and  Murpa-  ^e  obtained ;  and  when  so  suspended,  he  has  utterly  neglected  to  at- 
tions  on  the  tend  to  them.  He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the  accommo- 
thKufsh  dation  of  large  districts  of  people,  unless  those  people  would  relin- 

crown.  quish  the  right  of  representation  in  the  legislature — a  right  inesti 
mable  to  them,  and  formidable  to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places  unusual,  uncomfortable, 
and  distant  from  the  repository  of  their  public  records,  for  the  sole  purpose  of 
fatiguing  them  into  compliance  with  his  measures. 

He  has  dissolved  representative  houses  repeatedly,  for  opposing,  with  manly 
firmness,  his  invasions  on  the  rights  of  the  people. 

He  has  refused,  for  a  long  time  after  such  dissolutions,  to  cause  others  to  be 
elected ;  whereby  the  legislative  powers,  incapable  of  annihilation,  have  return 
ed  to  the  people  at  large,  for  their  exercise ;  the  state  remaining,  in  the  mean 
time,  exposed  to  all  the  dangers  of  invasion  from  without,  and  convulsions 
within. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of  these  states ;  for  that  pur. 
pose  obstructing  the  laws  for  naturalization  of  foreigners;  refusing  to  pass 


INDEPENDENCE.  29 

others  to  encourage  their  migration  hither,  and  raising  the  conditions  of  new 
appropriations  of  lands. 

He  has  obstructed  the  administration  of  justice,  by  refusing  his  assent  to 
laws  for  establishing  judiciary  powers. 

He  has  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone,  for  the  tenure  of  their 
offices,  and  the  amount  and  payment  of  their  salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  new  offices,  and  sent  hither  swarms  of 
officers,  to  harass  our  people,  and  eat  out  their  substance. 

He  has  kept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace,  standing  armies  without  the  con 
sent  of  our  legislatures. 

He  has  affected  to  render  the  military  independent  of,  and  superior  to,  the 
civil  power. 

He  has  combined  with  others  to  subject  us  to  a  jurisdiction  foreign  to  our 
constitution,  and  unacknowledged  by  our  laws ;  giving  his  assent  to  their  acts 
of  pretended  legislation : 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  troops  among  us : 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  trial,  from  punishment  for  any  murders 
which  they  should  commit  on  the  inhabitants  of  these  states : 

For  cutting  off  our  trade  with  all  parts  of  the  world : 

For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  consent :  ,  .*-.., 

For  depriving  us,  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefits  of  trial  by  jury : 

For  transporting  us  beyond  seas,  to  be  tried  for  pretended  offences : 

For  abolishing  the  free  system  of  English  laws  in  a  neighboring  province, 
establishing  therein  an  arbitrary  government,  and  enlarging  its  boundaries,  so 
as  to  render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit  instrument  for  introducing  the  same 
absolute  rule  into  these  colonies : 

For  taking  away  our  charters,  abolishing  our  most  valuable  laws,  and  alter 
ing,  fundamentally,  the  forms  of  our  governments : 

For  suspending  our  own  legislatures,  and  declaring  themselves  invested  with 
power  to  legislate  for  us  in  all  cases  whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  government  here,  by  declaring  us  out  of  his  protection, 
and  waging  war  against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  coasts,  burnt  our  towns,  and  de 
stroyed  the  lives  of  our  people. 

He  is  at  this  time  transporting  large  armies  of  foreign  mercenaries  to  com 
plete  the  works  of  death,  desolation,  and  tyranny,  already  begun  with  circum 
stances  of  cruelty  and  perfidy,  scarcely  paralleled  in  the  most  barbarous  ages, 
and  totally  unworthy  the  head  of  a  civilized  nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow-citizens,  taken  captive  on  the  high  seas,  to 
bear  arms  against  their  country,  to  become  the  executioners  of  their  friends 
and  brethren,  or  to  fall  themselves  by  their  hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  amongst  us,  and  has  endeavored  to 
bring  on  the  inhabitants  of  our  frontiers,  the  merciless  Indian  savages,  whose 
known  rule  of  warfare  is  an  undistinguished  destruction  of  all  ages,  sexes,  and 
conditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions,  we  have  petitioned  for  redress  Petitions 
in  the  most  humble  terms :  our  repeated  petitions  have  been  answered  unavailing, 
only  by  repeated  injury.    A  prince,  whose  character  is  thus  marked       &-c- 
by  every  act  which  may  define  a  tyrant,  is  unfit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people. 

Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attentions  to  our  British  brethren.     We  have 
warned  them,  from  time  to  time,  of  attempts  by  their  legislature  to  extend  an 
unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us.     We  have  reminded  them  of  the  circum 
stances  of  our  migration  and  settlement  here.     We  have  appealed  to  Appeal  to 
their  native  justice  and  magnanimity,  and  we  have  conjured  them  by  p^p^rSt 
the  ties  of  our  common  kindred  to  disavow  these  usurpations,  which    less>  *c- 


30 


DECLARATION  OP  INDEPENDENCE. 


would  inevitably  interrupt  our  connexions  and  correspondence.  They  too  have 
been  deaf  to  the  voice  of  justice  and  consanguinity.     We  must,  therefore,  ac 
quiesce  in  the  necessity  which  denounces  our  separation,  and  hold  them,  as  we 
hold  the  rest  of  mankind — enemies  in  war,  in  peace  friends. 
Declaration     WE,  therefore,  the  representatives  of  the  United  States  of  Ameri- 
of  indepen-  ca,  in  general  congress  assembled,  appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of 
nce'     the  world,  for  the  rectitude  of  our  intentions,  do,  in  the  name  and  by 
the  authority  of  the  good  people  of  these  colonies,  solemnly  publish  and  de- 
The  coio    c^are'  tnat  tnese  united  colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  free 
nies  a!£o?ve  and  independent  states ;  that  they  are  absolved  from  all  allegiance  to 
from^iteir  tne  British  crown,  and  that  all  political  connexion  between  them  and 
allegiance,  the  state  of  Great  Britain  is,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved; 
&£'      and  that,  as  free  and  independent  states,  they  have  full  power  to  levy 
war,  conclude  peace,  contract  alliances,  establish  commerce,  and  to  do  all  other 
acts  and  things  which  independent  states  may  of  right  do.    And  for  the  sup- 
Mutual    Port  °f  tflis  declaration,  with  a  firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of  Di- 
piedge  of   vine  Providence,  we  mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our  lives,  our  for- 

ehty'    tunes,  and  our  sacred  honor. 

The  foregoing  declaration  was,  by  order  of  congress,  engrossed  and  signed 
by  the  following  members : 

JOHN  HANCOCK. 


New  Hampshire. 
JOSIAH  BARTLETT, 
WILLIAM  WHIPPLE, 
MATTHEW  THORNTON. 

Massachusetts-Bay. 
SAMUEL  ADAMS, 
JOHN  ADAMS, 
ROBERT  TREAT  PAINE, 
ELBRIDGE  GERRY. 

Rhode  Island,  &c. 
STEPHEN  HOPKINS, 
WILLIAM  ELLERY. 

Connecticut. 
ROGER  SHERMAN, 
SAMUEL  HUNTINGTON, 
WILLIAM  WILLIAMS, 
OLIVER  WOLCOTT. 

New  York. 
WILLIAM  FLOYD, 
PHILIP  LIVINGSTON, 
FRANCIS  LEWIS, 
LEWIS  MORRIS. 

New  Jersey. 

RICHARD  STOCKTON, 
JOHN  WITHERSPOON, 
FRANCIS  HOPKINSON, 
JOHN  HART, 
ABRAHAM  CLARKE. 

Pennsylvania. 
ROBERT  MORRIS, 
BENJAMIN  RUSH, 
BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
JOHN  MORTON, 
GEORGE  CLYMER, 
JAMES  SMITH, 


GEORGE  TAYLOR, 
JAMES  WILSON, 
GEORGE  ROSS. 

Delaware. 

CESAR  RODNEY, 
GEORGE  REED, 
THOMAS  M'KEAN. 

Maryland. 
SAMUEL  CHASE, 
WILLIAM  PACA, 
THOMAS  STONE, 
CHARLES  CARROLL, 

of  Carrollton. 

Virginia. 

GEORGE  WYTHE, 
RICHARD  HENRY  LEE, 
THOMAS  JEFFERSON, 
BENJAMIN  HARRISON, 
THOMAS  NELSON,  JR. 
FRANCIS  LIGHTFOOT  LEE 
CARTER  BRAXTON. 

North  Carolina. 
WILLIAM  HOOPER, 
JOSEPH  HEWES, 
JOHN  PENN. 

South  Carolina. 
EDWARD  RUTLEDGE, 
THOMAS  HEYWARD,  JR. 
THOMAS  LYNCH,  JR. 
ARTHUR  MIDDLETON. 

Georgia. 

BURTON  GWINNETT, 
LYMAN  HALL, 
GEORGE  WALTON. 


THE  UNITED  STATES  31 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

WE,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union, 
establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the  common  defence, 
promote  the  general  welfare,  and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves 
and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution  for  the  United  States 
of  America. 

ARTICLE  I. SECTION  I. 

All  legislative  powers  herein  granted,  shall  be  vested  in  a  Con-  Co      ^ 
gress  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of  a  senate  and  a 
house  of  representatives. 

SECTION   II. 

The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of  members  House  of 
chosen  every  second  year  by  the  people  of  the  several  states ;  and  Represent*. 
the  electors  in  each  state  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for 
electors  of  the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  state  legislature. 

No  person  shall  be  a  representative  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age 
of  twenty-five  years,  and  been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  M  mb 
States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that 
state  in  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several 
states  which  may  be  included  within  this  union,  according  to  their  Apportion- 
respective  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding  to  the  ment- 
whole  number  of  free  persons,  including  those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of 
years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all  other  persons.  The 
actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  the  three  years  after  the  first  meeting 
of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  within  every  subsequent  term  of  ten 
years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  by  law  direct.  The  number  of  represent 
atives  shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  thousand,  but  each  state  shall  have 
at  least  one  representative;  and  until  such  enumeration  shall  be  made,  the 
state  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled  to  choose  three;  Massachusetts 
eight ;  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations  one ;  Connecticut  five ;  New 
York  six ;  New  Jersey  four ;  Pennsylvania  eight ;  Delaware  one ;  Maryland 
six ;  Virginia  ten ;  North  Carolina  five ;  South  Carolina  five ;  and  Georgia 
three. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  state,  the 
executive  authority  thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  up  such 

vacancies.  Officers,  and 

The  house  of  representatives  shall  choose  their  speaker  and  other  power  of  im- 
officers,  and  shall  have  the  sole  power  of  impeachment. 

SECTION   III. 

The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two  sena- 
tors  from  each  state,  chosen  by  the  legislature  thereof,  for  six  years ; 
and  each  senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  consequence  of  the  first  elec 
tion,  they  shall  be  divided,  as  equally  as  may  be,  into  three  classes.    Clasg€8 
The  seats  of  the  senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the 
expiration  of  the  second  year,  of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the 
fourth  year,  and  of  the  third  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  so  that 
one-third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year ;  and  if  vacancies  happen^  by  re 
signation  or  otherwise,  during  the  recess  of  the  legislature  of  any  state,  the 


32  CONSTITUTION  OF 

executive  thereof  may  make  temporary  appointments  until  the  next  meeting  of 
the  legislature,  which  shall  then  fill  such  vacancies. 

No  person  shall  be  a  senator  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  thirty 

Quaiifica-  years?  an^  been  nine  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who 

tions  of    shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  state  for  which  he 

members,    ^jj  be  chosen. 

President  of.  ^e  vice-present  °f  tne  United  States  shall  be  president  of  the 
'  Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote  unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

other  offi-  The  senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and  also  a  president 
cers.  pro-tempore,  in  the  absence  of  the  vice-president,  or  when  he  shall 
exercise  the  office  of  president  of  the  United  States. 

Trial  of  im-      The  senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  impeachments. 

peachments.when  sitting  for  that  purpose,  they  shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation. 
When  the  president  of  the  United  States  is  tried,  the  chief  justice  shall  pre 
side  ;  and  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds 
of  the  members  present. 

Jud  m  nt  Judgment  in  cases  of  impeachment  shall  not  extend  further  than 
'  to  removal  from  office,  and  disqualification  to  hold  and  enjoy  any 
office  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit,  under  the  United  States ;  but  the  party  convict 
ed  shall  nevertheless  be  liable  and  subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment,  and 
punishment  according  to  law. 

SECTION  IV. 

Elections       The  times,  places,  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for  senators 
°andereapre-B  an(*  representatives,  shall  be  prescribed  in  each  state  by  the  legisla- 
sentatives.  ture  thereof j  but  the  congress  may,  at  any  time,  by  law,  make  or 
alter  such  regulations,  except  as  to  the  places  of  choosing  senators. 
Meeting  of      The  congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every  year,  and  such 
congress.  meeting  shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall 
by  law  appoint  a  different  day. 

SECTION  V. 

Powers  of  Each  house  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  elections,  returns,  and  quali- 
eacn house.  ficatiOns  of  its  own  members;  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  consti 
tute  a  quorum  to  do  business ;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to 
day,  and  may  be  authorized  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members,  in 
such  manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  each  house  may  provide. 

Each  house  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  its  members 
for  disorderly  behavior,  and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  a 
member. 

Journals        Each  house  shall   keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  from 

time  to  time  publish  the  same,  excepting  such  parts  as  may  in  their 

Yeas  and   judgment  require  secrecy ;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members 

nays.     of  e{faer  house,  on  any  question,  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of 

those  present,  be  entered  on  the  journal. 

Adjourn-       Neither  house,  during  the  session  of  congress,  shall,  without  the 
ment.     consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any 
other  place  than  that  in  which  the  two  houses  shall  be  sitting. 

SECTION    VI. 

compensa-      The  senators  and  representatives  shall  receive  a  compensation  for 
Vivlie'ei  ^e'*r  serv*ces» to  b®  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the  treasury 
of  the  United  States.     They  shall,   in  all  cases,   except   treason, 
felony,  and  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their  at 
tendance  at  the  session  of  their  respective  houses,  and  in  going  to  or  returning 
from  the  same ;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either  house  they  shall  not 
be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 


THE  UNITED  STATES.  33 

No  senator  or  representative  shall,  during  the  time  for  which  he 
was  elected,  be  appointed  to  any  civil  office  under  the  authority  of 
the  United  States,  which  shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments 
whereof  shall  have  been  increased,  during  such  time;  and  no  person  fi 
holding  any  office  under  the  United  States  shall  be  a  member  of 
either  house  during  his  continuance  in  office. 

SECTION    VII. 

All  bills  for  raising  revenues  shall  originate  in  the  house  of  repre-  Revenu* 
sentatives ;  but  the  senate  may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments,      Billlt 
as  on  other  bills. 

Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  house  of  representatives  Ne  ative  of 
and  the  senate,  shall,  before  it  becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  the  Presi- 
president  of  the  United  States  ;  if  he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it ;  but  dent> 
if  not,  he  shall  return  it,  with  his  objections,  to  that  house  in  which  it  shall 
have  originated,  who  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal,  and 
proceed  to  re-consider  it.  If,  after  such  re-consideration,  two-thirds  of  that 
house  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objections, 
to  the  other  house,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  re-considered,  and  if  approved 
by  two-thirds  of  that  house,  it  shall  become  a  law.  But  in  all  such  cases,  the 
votes  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of 
the  persons  voting  for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of 
each  house  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by  the  president 
within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him, 
the  same  shall  be  a  law  in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  the  con 
gress  by  their  adjournment  prevent  its  return ;  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a 
law. 

Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote,  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the  senate  and 
house  of  representatives  may  be  necessary,  (except  on  a  question  of  adjourn 
ment,)  shall  be  presented  to  the  president  of  the  United  States ;  and  before  the 
same  shall  take  effect,  shall  be  approved  by  him,  or  being  disapproved  by  him, 
shall  be  repassed  by  two-thirds  of  the  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  ac 
cording  to  the  rules  and  limitations  prescribed  in  the  case  of  a  bill. 

SECTION    VIII. 

The  congress  shall  have  power — 

To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts,  and  excises ;  to  pay  the  powera  of 
debts  and  provide  for  the  common  defence  and  general  welfare  of  the   congre«». 
United  States ;  but  all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises,  shall  be  uniform  throughout 
the  United  States : 

To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States  : 

To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and  among  the  several  states, 
and  with  the  Indian  tribes  : 

To  establish  a  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and  uniform  laws  on  the  sub 
ject  of  bankruptcies,  throughout  the  United  States : 

To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  and  fix  the 
standard  of  weights  and  measures : 

To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and  current 
coin  of  the  United  States : 

To  establish  post-offices  and  post-roads : 

To  promote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful  arts,  by  securing,  for  limited 
times,  to  authors  and  inventors,  the  exclusive  right  to  their  respective  writings 
and  discoveries : 

To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  supreme  court :  to  define  and  punish 
piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high  seas,  and  offences  against  trie  law 
of  nations : 

E 


34  CONSTITUTION  OF 

To  declare  war,  grant  letters-of-marque  and  reprisal,  and  make  rules  con 
cerning  captures  on  land  and  water  : 

To  raise  and  support  armies ;  but  no  appropriation  of  money  to  that  use 
shall  be  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years : 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy : 

To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and  naval 
forces : 

To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  union,  sup 
press  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions  : 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and  for  gov 
erning  such  part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States,  reserving  to  the  states,  respectively,  the  appointment  of  the  officers,  and 
the  authority  of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  discipline  prescribed  by 
congress : 

To  exercise  exclusive  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever,  over  such  district 
(not  exceeding  ten  miles  square)  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  states, 
and  the  acceptance  of  congress,  become  the  seat  of  government  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  purchased,  by  the  consent 
of  the  legislature  of  the  state  in  which  the  same  shall  be,  for  the  erection  of 
forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  dock-yards,  and  other  needful  buildings  : — and, 

To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying  into  ex 
ecution  the  foregoing  powers,  vested  by  this  constitution  in  the  government  01 
the  United  States,  or  in  any  department  or  officer  thereof. 

SECTION    IX. 

Restrictions  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the  states 
on  congress.  now  existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited  by 
the  congress  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight ;  but  a  tax 
or  duty  may  be  imposed  on  such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for 
each  person. 

The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless 
when,  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  the  public  safety  may  require  it. 

No  bill  of  attainder,  or  ex  post  facto  law,  shall  be  passed. 

No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion  to  the 
census  or  enumeration  herein  before  directed  to  be  taken. 

No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  state.  No  prefer 
ence  shall  be  given,  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  revenue,  to  the  ports  of 
one  state  over  those  of  another :  nor  shall  vessels  bound  to  or  from  one  state, 
be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in  another* 

Public         No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury,  but  in  consequence 

money.  of  appropriations  made  by  law  :  and  a  regular  statement  and  account 
of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  public  money  shall  be  published  from 
time  to  time. 

No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States^  and  no  person 
holding  any  office  of  profit  or  trust  under  them,  shall,  without  the  consent  of 
congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument,  office,  or  title  of  any  kind  what 
ever,  from  any  king,  prince,  or  foreign  state. 

SECTION   X. 

Restrictions  No  state  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  confederation  ; 
ontnestates.grant  letters-of-marque  and  reprisal;  coin  money;  emit  bills  of 
credit ;  make  any  thing  but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of  debts ; 
pass  any  bill  of  attainder,  ex  post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the  obligation  of 
contracts  ;  or  grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

No  state  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  congress,  lay  any  imposts  or  duties 
on  imports  or  exports,  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary  for  executing  its 
inspection  l-aws ;  and  the  neat  produce  of  all  duties  and  imposts,  laid  by  any  state 


THE  UNITED  STATES.  35 

on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  treasury  of  the  United  States,  and  all  such 
laws  shall  be  subject  to  the  revision  and  control  of  the  congress.  No  state 
shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  congress,  lay  any  duty  of  tonnage,  keep  troops 
or  ships  of  war  in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  compact  with 
another  state,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or  engage  in  war,  unless  actually  in 
vaded,  or  in  such  imminent  danger  as  will  not  admit  of  delay. 

ARTICLE    II. SECTION    I. 

The  executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  president  of  the  United  Executive 
States  of  America.     He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term  of  four 
years,  and,  together   with  the  vice-president,  chosen  for  the  same 
term,  be  elected  as  follows  : 

Each  state  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  legislature  thereof    Electors 
may  direct,  a  number  of  electors,  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  sena 
tors  and  representatives  to  which  the  state  may  be  entitled  in  the  congress  ;  but 
no  senator  or  representative,  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or  profit  under 
the  United  States,  shall  be  appointed  an  elector. 

The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states,  and  vote  by  ballot  for  two  per-  rrhjg  para. 
sons,  of  whom  one  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  state  with  them-    graph  has 
selves.     And  they  shall  make  a  list  of  all  the  persons  voted  for,  and  of  the  number  be^n  annul- 
of  votes  for  each  ;  which  list  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to  pijed     g^ 
the  seat  of  government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  president  of  the  senate,  art.  12th  of 
The  president  of  the  senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  senate  and  house  of  re-  amendments, 
presentatives,  open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  person  having 
the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall  be  the  president,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  wholo 
number  of  electors  appointed;  and  if  there  be  more  than  one  who  have  such  majority,  and 
have  an  equal  number  of  votes,  then  the  house  of  representatives  shall  immediately  choose,  by 
ballot,  one  of  them  for  president ;  and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then,  from  the  five  highest 
on  the  list,  the  said  house  shall,  in  like  manner,  choose  the  president.     But,  in  choosing  the 
president,  the  votes  shall  be  taken  by  states,  the  representation  from  each  state  having  one 
vote ;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the 
states,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  states  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.    In  every  case,  after  the 
choice  of  the  president,  the  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  of  the  electors,  shall 
be  the  vice-president.     But  if  there  should  remain  two  or  more  who  have  equal  votes,  the 
senate  shall  choose  from  them,  by  ballot,  the  vice-president. 

The  congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  electors,  and 
the  day  on  which  they  shall  give  their  votes  ;  which  day  shall  be  the  eiectorsjaod 
same  throughout  the  United  States.  their  voting. 

No  person,  except  a  natural-born  citizen,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  constitution,  shall  be  eligible  quaiifica- 
to  the  office  of  president :  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that      lions- 
office,  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  thirty-five  years,  and  been  four 
teen  years  a  resident  within  the  United  States. 

In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  president  from  office,  or  of  his  death, 
resignation,  or  inability  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said  Vacancy- 
office,  the  same  shall  devolve  on  the  vice-president,  and  the  congress  may,  by 
law,  provide  for  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability,  both  of  the 
president  and  vice-president,  declaring  what  officer  shall  then  act  as  president . 
and  such  officer  shall  act  accordingly,  until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  a 
president  shall  be  elected. 

The  president  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  com-  compcnsa- 
pensation,  which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the      tion- 
period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive  within 
that  period  any  other  emolument  from  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them. 

Before  he  enter  on  the  execution  of  his  office,  he  shall  take  the 
following  oath  or  affirmation  : 

"I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the  office  of 
the  president  of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  preserve, 
protect,  and  defend,  the  constitution  of  the  United  States," 


86  CONSTITUTION  OF 

SECTION    II. 

The  president  shall  be  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy  of 
the  United  States,  and  of  the  militia  of  the  several  states,  when  called 
into  the  actual  service  of  the  United  States ;  he  may  require  the  opinion,  in  writ 
ing,  of  the  principal  officer  in  each  of  the  executive  departments,  upon  any  subject 
relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices ;  and  he  shall  have  power  to 
grant  reprieves  and  pardons  for  offences  against  the  United  States,  except  in 
cases  of  impeachment. 

He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  to 
make  treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the  senators  present  concur :  and  he  shrill 
nominate,  and,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  shall  appoint 
ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls,  judges  of  the  supreme  court, 
and  all  other  officers  of  the  United  States,  whose  appointments  are  not  herein 
otherwise  provided  for,  and  which  shall  be  established  by  law.  But  the  con 
gress  may,  by  law,  vest  the  appointment  of  such  inferior  officers  as  they  think 
proper,  in  the  president  alone,  in  the  courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads  of  depart 
ments. 

The  president  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all  vacancies  that  may  happen 
during  the  recess  of  the  senate,  by  granting  commissions,  which  shall  expire 
at  the  end  of  their  next  session. 

SECTION    III. 

He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  the  congress  information  of  the  state  of 
the  union,  and  recommend  to  their  consideration  such  measures  as  he  shall 
judge  necessary  and  expedient :  he  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  convene 
both  houses,  or  either  of  them,  and,  in  case  of  disagreement  between  them,  with 
respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he  may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he 
shall  think  proper ;  he  shall  receive  ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers ; 
he  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed;  and  shall  commission 
all  the  officers  of  the  United  States. 

SECTION    IV. 

impeach-       The  president,  vice-president,  and  all  civil  officers  of  the  United 
mentB.    States,  shall  be  removed  from  office  on  impeachment  for,  and  convic 
tion  of,  treason,  bribery,  or  other  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE    III. SECTION    I. 

judiciary,       The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested  in  one 
courts  and  supreme  court,  and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  congress  may,  from 
JU  ges'    time  to  time,  ordain  and  establish.     The  judges,  both  of  the  supreme 
and  inferior  courts,  shall  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior ;  and  shall,  at 
stated  times,  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation  which  shall  not  be  dimin 
ished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 

SECTION    II. 

Jurisdiction  ^^e  Ju<^cial  Power  snall  extend  to  all  cases  in  law  and  equity, 
'arising  under  this  constitution,  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and 
treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  their  authority ;  to  all  cases 
affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls  ;  to  all  cases  of  ad 
miralty  and  maritime  jurisdiction  ;  to  controversies  to  which  the  United  States 
shall  be  a  party ;  to  controversies  between  two  or  more  states ;  between  a  state 
and  citizens  of  another  state ;  between  citizens  of  different  states ;  between  citi 
zens  of  the  same  state  claiming  lands  under  grants  of  different  states ;  and  be  • 
tween  a  state,  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign  states,  citizens,  or  subjects. 
Original  and  In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  con- 
appeiiate.  SU]S)  an(j  those  in  which  a  state  shall  be  a  party,  the  supreme  court 
shall  have  original  jurisdiction.  In  all  the  other  cases  before  mentioned,  the 
supreme  court  shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with 
•uch  exceptions,  and  under  such  regulations,  as  the  congress  shall  make. 


THE  UNITED  STATES.  37 

The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  be 
by  jury,  and  such  trial  shall  be  held  in  the  state  where  the  said 
crimes  shall  have  been  committed ;  but  when  not  committed  in  any  state,  the 
trial  shall  be  at  such  place  or  places  as  the  congress  may  by  law  have  directed. 

SECTION    III. 

Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only  in  levying  war 
against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and 
comfort.     No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  testimony  of 
two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open  court. 

The  congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punishment  of  treason  :  but  no 
attainder  of  treason  shall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture,  except  during 
the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

ARTICLE    IV. SECTION    I. 

Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  state  to  the  public  acts,   credit  by 
records,  and  judicial  proceedings  of  every  other  state.     And  the  con-8^^^- 
gress  may,  by  general  laws,  prescribe  the  manner  in  which  such  acts,  each  other, 
records,  and  proceedings,  shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

SECTION    II. 

The  citizens  of  each  state  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges  and  im 
munities  of  citizens  in  the  several  states. 

A  person  charged  in  any  state  with  treason,  felony,  or  other  crime,  Fugitives 
who  shall  flee  from  justice,  and  be  found  in  another  state,  shall,  Onfrom->uslic€- 
demand  of  the  executive  authority  of  the  state  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered 
up,  to  be  removed  to  the  state  having  jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  state  under  the  laws 
thereof,  escaping  into  another,  shall,  in  consequence  of  any  law  or 
regulation  therein,  be  discharged  from  such  service  or  labor ;  but  shall  be  de 
livered  up  on  claim  of  the  party  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

SECTION    III. 

New  states  may  be  admitted  by  the  congress  into  this  union ;   but  Ngw 
no  new  state  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of  any 
other  state,  nor  any  state  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or  more  states,  or 
parts  of  states,  without  the  consent  of  the  legislatures  of  the  states  concerned, 
as  well  as  of  the  congress. 

The  congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of,  and  make  all  needful  _ 

.  .     &       .     .  "  .          -  r  .A  ,  .       Territories. 

rules  and  regulations  respecting  the  territory  or  other  property  be 
longing  to  the  United  States ;  and  nothing  in  this  constitution  shall  be  so  con 
strued  as  to  prejudice  any  claims  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  particular 
state. 

SECTION    IV. 

The  United  States  shall  guaranty  to  every  state  in  this  union,  a  Guarantee  of 
republican  form  of  government,  and   shall  protect  each  of  them  republican 
against  invasion ;  and,  on  application  of  the  legislature,  or  of  the  ex-  gov< 
ecutive,  (when  the  legislature  cannot  be  convened,)  against  domestic  violence. 

ARTICLE    V. 

The  congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  houses  shall  deem  it    Amend- 
necessary,  shall  propose  amendments  to  this  constitution  ;  or,  on  the    ments- 
application  of  the  legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  states,  shall  call  a 
convention  for  proposing  amendments,  which,  in  either  case,  shall  be  valid  to 
all  intents  and  purposes,  as  part  of  this  constitution,  when  ratified  by  the  legis 
latures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several  states,  or  by  conventions  in  three-fourths 
thereof,  as  the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratification  may  be  proposed  by  the 
congress ;  provided,  that  no  amendment  which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight,  shall  in  any  manner  affect  the  first  and 


38  CONSTITUTION  OF 

fourth  clauses  in  the  ninth  section  of  the  first  article :  and  that  no  state,  with 
out  its  consent,  shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal  suffrage  in  the  senate. 

ARTICLE    VI. 

All  debts  contracted  and  engagements  entered  into,  before   the 
t8'  adoption  of  this  constitution,  shall  be  as  valid   against  the  United 
States  under  this  constitution,  as  under  the  confederation. 
Supreme        This  constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  which  shall  be 
law.      made  in  pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be 
made,  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the 
land  ;  and  the  judges  in  every  state  shall  be  bound  thereby ;  any  thing  in  the 
constitution  or  laws  of  any  state  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

The  senators  and  representatives  before  mentioned,  and  the  mem- 

ce'bers  of  the  several  state  legislatures,  and  all  executive  and  judicial 

officers,  both  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  several  states,  shall  be  bound  by 

NO  religious  oath  or  affirmation  to  support  this  constitution  :  but  no  religious  test 

test-      shall  ever  be  required  as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust 

under  the  United  States. 

ARTICLE    VII. 

The  ratification  of  the  conventions  of  nine  states  shall  be  sufficient 
>n'  for  the  establishment  of  this  constitution  between  the  states  so  ratify 
ing  the  same. 

Done  in  Convention,  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  States  present,  the 
seventeenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of 
America  the  twelfth.  In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  subscribed  our 
names. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
President,  and  Deputy  from  Virginia. 

NEW-HAMPSHIRE.  DELAWARE. 

John  Langdon,  George  Read, 

Nicholas  Gilman.  Gunning  Bedford,  Jr. 

MASSACHUSETTS.  John  Dickinson, 

Nathaniel  Gorham,  Richard  Bassett, 

Rufus  King.  Jacob  Broom. 

CONNECTICUT.  MARYLAND. 

William  Samuel  Johnson,  James  M'Henry, 

Roger  Sherman.  Daniel  of  St.  Tho.  Jenifer, 

NEW-YORK.  Daniel  Carroll. 
Alexander  Hamilton.  VIRGINIA. 

NEW-JERSEY.  John  Blair, 

William  Livingston,  James  Madison,  Jr. 
David  Brearly,  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

William  Patterson,  William  Blount, 

Jonathan  Dayton.  Richard  Dobbs  Spaight, 

PENNSYLVANIA.  Hugh  Williamson. 
Benjamin  Franklin,  SOUTH  CAROLINA 

Thomas  Mifflin,  John  Rutledge, 

Robert  Morris,  Charles  Cotesworth  Pinckney 

George  Clymer,  Charles  Pinckney, 

Thomas  Fitzsimmons,  Pierce  Butler. 
Jared  Ingersoll,  GEORGIA. 

James  Wilson,  William  Few, 

Gouverneur  Morris.  Abraham  Baldwin. 
&$'                      Attest,                        WILLIAM  JACKSON,  Secretary. 


THE  UNITED  STATES.  39 

AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

Art.  1.  Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment   Religious 
of  religion,  or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof;  or  abridging  the     libe«y- 
freedom  of  speech,  or  of  the  press ;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to* 
assemble,  and  to  petition  the  government  for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

Art.  2.  A  well-regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  . 

a  free  state,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not 
be  infringed. 

Art.  3.  No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  Quartering 
house  without  the  consent  of  the  owner ;  nor  in  time  cf  war,  but  in  a    80ldiers- 
manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Art.  4.    The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  warrants  or 
houses,  papers,  and  effects,  against  unreasonable  searches  and  sei-   search  or 
zures,  shall  not  be  violated ;  and  no  warrants  shall  issue  but  upon 
probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing. 
the  place  to  be  searched,  and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Art.  5.  No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  other- privileges  of 
wise  infamous  crime,  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  accused- 
grand  jury,  except  in  cases  arising  in  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia, 
when  in  actual  service,  in  time  of  war  or  public  danger ;  nor  shall  any  person 
be  subject  for  the  same  offence  to  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or  limb,  nor 
shall  be  compelled,  in  any  criminal  case,  to  be  a  witness  against  himself,  nor 
be  deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law  ;  nor  shall 
private  property  be  taken  for  public  use,  without  just  compensation. 

Art.  6.  In  all  criminal  prosecutions  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the   Rights  of 
right  to  a  speedy  and  public  trial,  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  state    accused- 
and  district  wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been  committed,  which  district  shall 
have  been  previously  ascertained  by  law ;  and  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and! 
cause  of  the  accusation ;  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses  against  him  ;'  to 
have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor ;  aad  to  have 
the  assistance  of  counsel  for  his  defence. 

Art.  7.  In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy    ,     guitg 
shall  exceed  twenty  dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  pre 
served  ;  and  no  fact  tried  by  a  jury  shall  be  otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court 
of  the  United  States,  than  according  to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 

Art.  8.  Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines-Bail,  punish- 
imposed,  nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishments  inflicted.  ments. 

Art.  9.  The  enumeration  in  the  constitution  of  certain  rights,  shall  Rights  re- 
not  be  construed  to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the  people,     tained. 

Art.  10.  The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  con-  Reserved 
stitution,  nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  states,  are  reserved  to  the  states  P°wers. 
respectively,  or  to  the  people. 

Art.  11.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  con-  state  not 
strued  to  extend  to  any  suit  in  law  or  equity,  commenced  or  prosecu-    suable- 
ted  against  one  of  the  United  States  by  citizens  of  another  state,  or  by  citizens 
or  subjects  of  any  foreign  state. 

Art.  12.  The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states,  and  Election  of 
vote  by  ballot  for  president  and  vice-president,  one  of  whom,  at  least,   Jnd'vfce- 
shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  state  with  themselves ;  they  president. 
shall  name  in  their  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  president,  and  in  distinct 
ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  vice-president ;  and  they  shall  make  distinct 
lists  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  president,  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  vice- 
president,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  lists  they  shall  sign  and 
certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United  States, 


40  CONSTITUTION  OF 

directed  to  the  president  of  the  senate :  the  president  of  the  senate  shall,  in  the 
presence  of  the  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  open  all  the  certificates, 
and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted ;  the  person  having  the  greatest  number  of 
votes  for  president,  shall  be  the  president,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the 
whole  number  of  electors  appointed :  and  if  no  person  have  such  majority,  then 
from  the  persons  having  the  highest  numbers,  not  exceeding  three,  on  the  list 
of  those  voted  for  as  president,  the  house  of  representatives  shall  choose  imme 
diately,  by  ballot,  the  president.  But,  in  choosing  the  president,  the  votes  shall 
be  taken  by  states,  the  representation  from  each  state  having  one  vote ;  a  quo 
rum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of 
the  states,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  states  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  And 
if  the  house  of  representatives  shall  not  choose  a  president  whenever  the  right 
of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the  fourth  day  of  March  next  follow 
ing,  then  the  vice-president  shall  act  as  president,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death 
or  other  constitutional  disability  of  the  president. 

The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  as  vice-president,  shall  be 
the  vice-president,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  elec 
tors  appointed :  and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then  from  the  two  highest 
numbers  on  the  list,  the  senate  shall  choose  the  vice-president :  a  quorum  for 
the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the  whole  number  of  senators,  and  a 
majority  of  the  whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice, 
auaiifica.  But  no  person  constitutionally  ineligible  to  the  office  of  president, 
Iip0residevntce" sha11  be  eligible  to  that  of  vice-president  of  the  United  States. 


QUESTIONS  ON  THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 

1.  Of  what  branches  does  the  congress  of  the  United  States  consist? 

2.  Of  what  is  the  house  of  representatives  composed  ? 

3.  What  are  the  qualifications  necessary  for  a  representative  ? 

4.  What  number  of  inhabitants  sends  a  representative  to  congress  ? 

5.  When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  state,  how  are 
they  to  be  filled? 

6.  Of  what  persons  is  the  senate  composed  ? 

7.  In  what  manner,  and  for  how  long  a  period,  are  the  senators  chosen  ? 

8.  Into  how  many  classes  are  the  senators  divided  ? 

9.  How  often  are  the  seats  of  these  classes  vacated  ? 

10.  When  vacancies  in  the  senate  happen  during  the  recess  of  the  legisla* 
tare  of  any  state,  how  are  they  to  be  filled  ? 

11.  What  age  must  a  senator  have  attained? 

12.  How  many  years  must  he  have  been  a  citizen  of  the  United  States? 

13.  Who  is  the  president  of  the  senate? 

14.  How  often  does  congress  assemble? 

15.  What  day  is  fixed  for  its  meeting? 

16.  From  what  fund  are  the  members  of  congress  compensated  ? 

17.  When  a  bill  has  passed  the  house  of  representatives  and  the  senate,  to 
^hom  must  it  be  presented  before  it  becomes  a  law  ? 

18.  What  must  the  president  do? 

19.  If  the  bill  is  returned  without  the  signature  of  the  president,  what  course 
is  to  be  pursued  by  congress  ? 

20.  What  is  a  necessary  qualification  of  the  president,  with  regard  to  his 
place  of  birth  ? 

21.  What  must  be  his  age? 

22.  During  how  many  years  must  he  have  resided  within  the  country  t 


THE  UNITED  STATES. 


41 


53.  For  how  many  years  do  the  president  and  vice-president  hold  their 
Offices? 

24.  In  what  manner  are  they  elected  ? 

See  Art.  II.  Sect.  I.  clause  2,  and  Art.  12  of  the  amendments* 

25*  Who  is  to  be  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy*  and  of  the 
militia,  when  called  into  actual  service? 

26.  What  is  said  in  regard  to  the  power  of  the  president  ? 

27.  What  in  regard  to  his  duty  ?  Sect.  III.  Art.  II. 

28.  For  what  crimes  are  the  officers  of  the  United  States  to  be  removed  from 
office? 

29.  How  is  the  judicial  power  vested  ? 

30.  In  what  does  treason  against  the  United  States  consist  ? 

31.  What  form  of  government   do  the  United  States  guaranty  to  ever"y 
member  of  the  great  political  family — the  several  states  ? 

32.  Against  what  injuries  are  they  bound  to  protect  each  state  ? 

33.  What  is  said  in  regard  to  amendments  ? 

34.  What  in  regard  to  religion,  freedom  of  speech,  and  of  the  press  1  See) 
Art.  I.  of  the  amendments* 


PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS, 
FROM  1774  to  1789. 


Peyton  Randolph,    - 
John  Hancock,    -     - 
Henry  Laurens,  -     - 
John  Jay,  -     -     -     - 
Samuel  Huntington, 
Thomas  M'Kean,    - 
John  Hanson,      -     - 
Elias  Boudinot,   -     - 
Thomas  Mifflin,  -     - 
Richard  Henry  Lee, 
Nathanial  Gorham,  - 
Arthur  St.  Glair, 
Cyrus  Griffin,      -     - 


From 

•  Virginia,     -     - 

-  Massachusetts, 

•  South  Carolina, 

-  New  York, 

-  Connecticut,     - 

•  Delaware,   -     • 

•  Maryland,  -     - 

-  New  Jersey,    - 

-  Pennsylvania,  - 
Virginia, 

•  Massachusetts, 

•  Pennsylvania,  - 

-  Virginia,     -     - 


Elected 

-  Sept.  5,  1774* 
.  May  24,  1775* 

-  Nov.  1,  1777* 

-  Dec.  10,  1778, 

-  Sept.  28, 1779. 

-  July  10,  1781 

-  Nov.  5,  1781* 

-  Nov.  4,  1782. 

-  Nov.  3,  1783. 

-  Nov.  30, 1786* 

-  June  6,  1786* 

-  Feb.  2,  1787. 
.  Jan.  22,  1788. 


"       "      Vice-President. 


PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS  UNDER  THE  FEDERAL  CONSTITUTION* 

First  Administration. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  Virginia,          April  30,  1789.   President. 
John  Adams,  Massachusetts, 

Thomas  Jefferson,        Virginia, 
Edmund  Randolph,  " 

Timothy  Pickering, 
Alexander  Hamilton, 
Oliver  Wolcott, 
Henry  Knox, 
Timothy  Pickering, 
James  M'Henry, 
Edmund  Randolph, 
William  Bradford, 
Charles  Lee,  Virginia,  Dec, 


Massachusetts,  Dec.  10,  1795. 
New  York,  Sept.  11,  1789.  >  Secretaries  of 
Connecticut,  Feb.  3,  1795.  J  the  Treasury. 
Massachusetts,  Sept.  12,  1789.  )  ^^  of 


Jan.  2,  1795. 
Maryland,  Jan.  27,  1796. 
Virginia,  Sept.  26,  1789. 

Pennsylvania,  Jan.    27,  1794. 


10,  1795, 
i 


War* 

Attorneys 
General, 


OFFICERS  UNDER  THE  CONSTITUTION. 


JOHN  ADAMS, 
Thomas  Jefferson, 
Timothy  Pickering 
John  Marshall, 
Oliver  Wolcott, 
Samuel  Dexter, 
James  M'Henry, 
Samuel  Dexter, 
Roger  Griswold, 

Benjamin  Stoddard,    Maryland, 
Charles  Lee, 


Second  Administration. 
Massachusetts,  March  4,  1797.    President. 

"  "       Vice-President, 

>  Secretaries  of 
Virginia,           May  13,  1800.  \        State. 

>  Secretaries  of 
Massachusetts,  Dec.  31,  1800.  $  the  Treasury. 


May   13,1800ec^esof 
Connecticut,      Feb.     3,  1801.  ) 


May   21,  1798. 


Attorney 
General. 


THOMAS  JEFFERSON, 
Aaron  Burr, 
George  Clinton, 


Third  Administration. 

March  4,  1801. 
New  York,  "  " 

"  "          1805. 


James  Madison,          Virginia, 


March  5,  1801 


Samuel  Dexter, 
Albert  Gallatin, 

Henry  Dearborn, 

Benjamin  Stoddert, 
Robert  Smith, 
Levi  Lincoln, 
John  Breckenridge, 
Caesar  A.  Rodney, 


Pennsylvania,  Jan.  26,  1802. 
Massachusetts,  March  5,  1801. 

Maryland,  Jan.  26,  1802. 
Massachusetts,  March  5,  1801. 
Kentucky,  Dec.  23,  1805. 
Delaware,  Jan.  20,  1807. 


President. 
>  Vice-Presidents, 

)  Secretary  of 
$       State. 
)  Secretaries  of 
$  the  Treasury. 

}  Secretary  of 
\        War. 
)  Secretaries  of 
$     the  Navy 

r  Attorneys 
i  General. 


JAMES  MADISON, 
George  Clinton, 
Elbridge  Gerry, 
Robert  Smith, 
James  Monroe, 
Albert  Gallatin, 
G.  W.  Campbell, 
Alexander  J.  Dallas, 

William  Eustis, 
John  Armstrong 
James  Monroe, 
W.  H.  Crawford, 
Paul  Hamilton, 
William  Jones, 
B.  W.  Crowninshield, 
Ccesar  A.  Rodney, 
William  Pinkney, 
Richard  Rush, 


Fourth  Administration. 

March  4, 
M 

Massachusetts,      " 
Maryland,         March  6, 
Virginia,  Nov.  25, 


1809. 


1809. 
1811. 


Tennessee, 
Pennsylvania, 

Massachusetts, 
New  York, 

Georgia, 
South  Carolina, 
Pennsylvania, 
Massachusetts, 

Maryland, 
Pennsylvania, 


Feb.  9, 
Oct.  6. 
March  7, 
Jan.  13, 
Sept.  27. 
March  2, 
March  7, 
Jan.  12, 
Dec.  19, 

Dec.  11, 
Feb.  10, 


1811. 
1814. 


President. 

>  Vice-Presidents. 

>  Secretaries  of 
$        State. 

f  Secretaries  of 
i  the  Treasury. 

1  Secretaries  of 
War. 

f  Secretaries  of 
i     the  Navy. 

\ 

Attorneys 
General. 


OFFICERS  UNDER  THE  CONSTITUTION. 


43 


Fifth  Administration. 

JAMES  MONROE,  March  4,  1817.     President. 

Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  New  York,  Vice-President. 

John  Quincy  Adams,  Massachusetts,  March  5,  1817.  \  Secr|tary  of 


William  H.  Crawford, 


March  5,  1812. 


°f 


John  C.  Calhoun,       South  Carolina,  March  5, 1817.  < 

B.  W.  Crowninshield,  } 

Smith  Thompson,       New  York,  Nov.  30,  1818.  V  M 

Samuel  L.  Southard,  New  Jersey,  Dec.     9,  1823.  ^ 

Richard  Rush,  )  Attorneys 

William  Wirt,  Virginia,  Dec.  16,  1817.  $  General. 

Sixth  Administration. 

JOHN  QUINOY  ADAMS,  March  4,  1825.     President. 

John  C.  Calhoun,  "  "         Vice-President. 


Henry  Clay, 

Richard  Rush, 

James  Barbour, 
Peter  B.  Porter, 

Samuel  L.  Southard, 
William  Wirt, 


Kentucky,        March  8,  1825.  $ 
March  7, 


°f 


Secretary  of 
the  Ireasury. 
Virginia,         March  7,     "      >  Secretaries  of 
New  York,      May  26,  1828.  $         War. 

(  Secretary  of 
$    the  Navy. 
Attorney 
General. 


Seventh  Administration. 

ANDREW  JACKSON, 

Tennessee, 

March 

4, 

1829. 

President. 

John  C.  Calhoun, 

(( 

(C 

Vice-President 

Martin  Van  Buren, 

New  York, 

March 

6, 

1829.  > 

Secretaries  of 

Edward'  Livingston, 

Louisiana, 

May, 

1831.  $ 

State. 

Samuel  D.  Ingham, 

Pennsylvania, 

March 

6, 

1829.  > 

Secretaries  of 

Louis  M'Lane, 

Delaware, 

May 

1831.  $ 

tne  Treasury. 

John  H.  Eaton, 

Tennessee, 

March 

9, 

1829.  > 

Secretaries  of 

Hugh  L.  White, 

u 

1831.  $ 

War. 

John  Branch, 

North  Carolina, 

March 

9, 

1828.  > 

Secretaries  of 

Levi  Woodbury, 

N.  Hampshire, 

May 

1831.  $ 

the  Navy. 

John  M'P.  Berrien, 

Georgia, 

March 

9, 

1829.  > 

Attorneys 

R.  B.  Taney, 

Maryland, 

1831.  $ 

General. 

Chief  Justices-  of  the 

United 

States. 

John  Jay,     -     - 

-     -     New  York,  -     -     - 

Sept. 

26,  1789. 

William  Gushing,  -  -  Massachusetts,  -  -  Jan.  22,  1796. 
Oliver  Ellsworth,  -  -  Connecticut,  -  -  March  4,  1796. 
John  Marshall,  -  -  Virginia,  -  -  -  Jan.  27,  1801. 


44 


OFFICERS  UNDER  THE  CONSTITUTION. 


Ministers  to  France. 


Governeur  Morris,  -  - 
James  Monroe,  -  -  - 
Charles  C,  Pinkney, 
Charles  C,  Pinkney,  - 
Elbridge  Gerry,  -  -  - 
John  Marshall,  -  -  - 
Oliver  Ellsworth,  -  - 
William  Vans  Murray, 
William  R.  Davie,  -  - 
James  A.  Bayard,  -  • 
Robert  R.  Livingston,  - 
John  Armstrong,  -  « 
Joel  Barlow,  .... 
William  H.  Crawford,  - 
Albert  Gallatin,  -  -  - 
James  Brown,  ... 
William  C.  Rives,  -  - 


of  New  Jersey, 
"  Virginia,      -     - 
"  South  Carolina, 

u        u  u 

"  Massachusetts, 

"  Virginia,  -     - 

"  Connecticut,  - 

"  Maryland,     - 

"  North  Carolina, 

"  Delaware,     -    • 

"  New  York,  -    - 

U  it 

"  Connecticut, 

"  Georgia,  •    •  • 

"  Pennsylvania,  - 

"  Louisiana,     -  • 

"  Virginia,  -     .  • 


Jan.  12, 

May  28, 
Sept.  9, 


1792. 
1804. 
1796. 


June  5, 1797. 


Feb.  26,  1799. 


Feb.  19, 
Oct.  2, 
June  30, 
Feb.  27, 
April  9, 
Feb.  28, 
Dec.  9, 


1801. 
1801. 
1804. 
1811. 
1813. 
1815. 
1823. 
1829. 


Ministers  to  Great  Britain. 


Governeur  Morris,  -  - 

Thomas  Pinkney,    -  - 
John  Jay,      .... 

Rufus  King,  -    -    -  - 

James  Monroe,   .    -  - 

James  Monroe,    .    .  . 

William  Pinkney,    -  - 

William  Pinkney,    -  - 

John  Quincy  Adams,  • 

Richard  Rush,    -    -  - 

Rums  King,  -    «    -  - 

Albert  Gallatin,  -    -  - 

James  Barbour,  -    -  • 

Louis  M'Lane,    -    -  - 


of  New  Jersey, 

Oct.   13,  1789. 

"  South  Carolina, 

Jan.   12,  1792. 

"  New  York,  -    - 

April  19,  1794. 

"    "         "      .    . 

May  20,  1796. 

"  Virginia,      -     . 

April  18,  1803. 

a        tt 

"  Maryland, 

J  May  12,  1806. 

u            u 

Feb.  26,  1808. 

"  Massachusetts,  - 

Feb.  28,  1815. 

"  Pennsylvania,  • 

Dec.  16,  1817. 

"  New  York,  -    - 

May     5,  1825. 

"  Pennsylvania,   • 

May  18,  1826. 

"  Virginia,      -    - 

May  23,  1828. 

«  Dplawnre. 

.    182Q. 

THE  UNITED  STATES. 


45 


INDIVIDUAL  STATES. 


MAINE. 

IT  is  the  most  north-eastern  state  of  the  Union,  bounded  N.  W.  and  N.  by 
Lower-Canada,  E.  by  New  Brunswick,  S.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  W.  by  New 
Hampshire.  It  lies  between  43  and  48  degrees  N.  latitude,  and  6  and  10  E. 
longitude  from  Washington.  Its  greatest  length  from  N.  to  S.  is  225  miles, 
and  greatest  breadth  from  E.  to  W.  195;  and  it  is  estimated  to  contain 
32,628  square  miles.  Population  in  1790,  96,540;  in  1800,  151,719;  in 
1810,  228,705;  in  1820,  298,335;  and  in  1830,  399,462.  Population  to  a 
square  mile,  12. 

NOTE.—- The  boundary  of  Maine  cannot  be  considered  as  definitely  settled.  A  dispute 
having  arisen  between  the  authorities  of  the  state  and  those  of  the  British  province  of  New- 
Brunswick,  which  adjoins  it  on  the  north-east,  the  governments  of  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britain  referred  the  matter  to  the  arbitration  of  the  king  of  Holland.  His  award  has 
been  given ;  but  it  has  not  proved  satisfactory  to  the  people  of  Maine,  and  the  senate  of  the 
United  States  has  not  yet  consented  to  its  ratification. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Distance 
from 

Augusta. 

Cumberland      sw 

49,445 

60,113 

Portland 

12,601 

53 

Hancock             s 

17,856 

24,347 

Castine 

1,155 

78 

Kennebec          m 

40,150 

52,491 

AUGUSTA 

3,980 

(  Wiscasset 

2,443 

24 

Lincoln              s 

46,843 

57,181 

j  Topsham 

1,564 

31 

^  Warren 

2,030 

44 

Oxford               w 

27,104 

35,217 

Paris 

2,337 

42 

Penobscot           n 

13,870 

31,530 

Bangor 

2,868 

66 

Somerset          nw 

21,787 

35,788 

Norridgewock 

1,710 

28 

Waldo                s 

22,253 

29,790 

Belfast 

3,077 

40 

Washington        e 

12,744 

21,295 

Machias 

1,021 

143 

York                sw 

46,283 

51,710 

5  York 
\  Alfred 

3,485 
1,453 

99 

86 

Total 

298,335 

399,462 

NOTE. — The  small  letters  annexed  to  the  counties  indicate  their  situation  in  the  several 
states ;  as  e,  w,  n,  s,  ne,  nm,  em,  $c.  east,  west,  north,  south,  north-east,  north  of  middle,  east 
of  middle,  $c.  The  seats  of  government  of  the  different  states  are  printed  in  small  capitals. 
When  more  than  one  town  is  mentioned  to  a  county,  the  first  is  the  county  town. 


46  MAINE. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Penobscot,  Kennebeek,  Androscoggin,  Saco,  St. 
Croix,  and  St.  Johns.  The  principal  bays  are  Casco,  Penobscot,  Frenchman's, 
Englishman's,  Machias,  and  Passamaquoddy.  The  most  noted  lakes  are 
Moosehead,  Umbagog,  Sebago,  Schoodic,  and  several  others  farther  in  the 
interior. 

Maine  is  rather  an  elevated  country,  having  generally  a  diversified  surface. 
A  tract  commencing  on  the  west  side  of  the  state,  east  of  the  White  Mountains, 
in  New  Hampshire,  and  holding  a  north-east  direction  as  far  as  the  heads  of  the 
Aroostic,  about  160  miles  in  length,  and  60  in  its  greatest  breadth,  is  moun 
tainous.  Katahdin  mountain,  in  this  range,  is  supposed  to  be  the  highest  land 
between  the  Atlantic  and  the  St.  Lawrence.  There  is  also  a  small  mountain 
ous  tract  in  the  northern  extremity.  The  remainder  of  the  state  may  be  con 
sidered,  generally,  as  a  moderately  hilly  country. 

The  tract  of  country  along  the  sea-coast  from  10  to  20  miles  wide  embraces 
all  the  varieties  of  sandy,  gravelly,  clayey,  and  loamy  soils,  frequently  inter 
spersed  at  short  distances ;  seldom  very  rich,  in  many  places  tolerably  fertile, 
but  generally  poor.  Of  this  section  Indian  corn,  rye,  barley,  grass,  &c.  are 
the  principal  productions.  In  the  tract  lying  north  of  this,  and  extending  50 
miles  from  the  sea  in  the  western,  80  in  the  central,  and  90  in  the  eastern  part, 
the  same  kinds  of  soil  are  found,  but  they  are  less  frequently  diversified,  and 
generally  more  fertile.  The  surface  rises  into  large  swells  of  generally  good 
soil,  between  which,  on  the  margin  of  the  streams,  are  frequently  rich  inter 
vals,  and  in  other  places  sandy  or  gravelly  pine  plains,  or  spruce  and  cedar 
swamps.  Of  this  section  the  principal  productions  are  grass,  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  barley,  rye,  flax,  &c. 

The  country  beyond  the  limits  above  specified,  is  but  little  settled.  It  exhibits 
great  diversities  in  the  appearance  of  its  soil,  growth  of  timber,  and  also  in 
climate.  The  land  on  the  Kennebeek,  and  between  this  river  and  the  Penob 
scot,  is  accounted  the  best  in  the  district.  It  is  well  adapted  to  the  various  pur 
poses  of  agriculture,  and  as  a  grazing  country,  it  is  one  of  the  finest  in  New 
England. 

Though  the  climate  of  Maine  is  subject  to  great  extremes  of  heat  and  cold, 
yet  the  air  in  all  parts  of  the  country  is  pure  and  salubrious.  The  summers  in 
most  parts  are  favorable  to  the  growth  of  all  the  vegetable  productions  of  the 
northern  states.  In  some  parts,  however,  Indian  corn  and  some  other  plants 
of  a  more  tender  kind,  are  frequently  injured  and  sometimes  destroyed  by  frosts 
late  in  the  spring  and  early  in  autumn.  The  cold  of  winter  is  severe,  yet  the 
serenity  .of  the  sky,  and  the  invigorating  influence  of  the  atmosphere,  during 
the  same  season,  make  amends,  in  some  degree,  for  the  severity  of  the  weather. 
It  is  said  that  an  inhabitant  on  Kennebeek  river  requires  more  clothing  in  winter 
to  keep  him  comfortable  in  Boston  than  at  home. 

Maine  enjoys  great  facilities  for  commerce.  The  coast  is  indented  with  bays, 
abounding  in  excellent  harbors.  All  the  settled  parts  of  the  country  lie  near  a 
market,  and  the  produce  of  the  farmer  is  readily  exchanged  for  money,  at  a 
good  price.  Value  of  the  exports  for  the  year  ending  1st  Jan.  1830,  $738,000. 

The  principal  article  of  export  is  lumber.  Vast  quantities  of  boards,  shin 
gles,  clapboards,  masts,  spars,  &c.  are  transported  to  the  neighboring  states,  to 
the  West  Indies,  and  to  Europe.  Much  of  the  fire-wood  consumed  in  Boston, 
Salem,  &c.  is  brought  from  Maine.  Dried  fish  and  pickled  salmon  are  con 
siderable  articles  of  export.  Beef,  pork,  butter,  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  and  some 
grain,  are  also  among  the  exports. 

The  principal  manufactures  consist  of  cotton  and  woollen  cloths,  hats,  shoes, 
boots,  leather,  iron,  nails,  distilled  spirits,  and  cordage.  The  number  of  cotton 
mills  in  1831,  was  8  ;  capital  in  do.  $765,000 ;  yards  of  cloth  made  annually, 
1,750,000. 


MAINE.  47 

There  are  20  banks  in  this  state ;  6  at  Portland,  including  a  branch  of  the 
United  States'  Bank ;  2  at  Saco ;  2  at  Bath ;  1  at  Kennebunk ;  1  at  Augusta , 
1  at  Gardiner ;  1  at  Waterville ;  1  at  Bangor ;  1  at  Thomaston ;  1  at  S.  Ber 
wick  ;  1  at  Brunswick ;  1  at  Vassalborough,  and  1  at  Winthrop. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  in  Maine  was  formed  about  the  year    uistor , 
1630  ;  and  for  several  years  the  government  of  the  colony  was  ad 
ministered  in  the  name  of  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  as  proprietor  of  the  country. 

In  1652,  the  inhabitants  of  Maine  were  placed  under  the  jurisdiction  of  Mas 
sachusetts.  The  country  was,  however,  afterwards  claimed  by  the  heirs  of 
Gorges,  but  was,  in  1677,  purchased  by  the  colony  of  Massachusetts.  From 
that  time  the  territory  formed  a  part  of  the  colony  and  afterwards  of  the  state 
of  Massachusetts,  and  was  styled,  the  District  of  Maine,  till  the  year  1820, 
when  it  was  erected  into  an  independent  state. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1819,  and  went  into  Constitution 
operation  in  1820.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  Senate  and  and  govern- 
a  House  of  Representatives,  both  elected  annually  by  the  people,  on  ment- 
the  second  Monday  in  September.  These  two  bodies  are  together  styled  The 
Legislature  of  Maine.  The  number  of  representatives  cannot  be  less  than  100, 
nor  more  than  200.  A  town  having  1,500  inhabitants  is  entitled  to  send  1  re 
presentative ;  having  3,750,2;  6,775,3;  10,500,4;  15,000,  5;  20,250,  6; 
26,250,  7 ;  but  no  town  can  ever  be  entitled  to  more  than  7  representatives. 
The  number  of  senators  cannot  be  less  than  20,  nor  more  than  31.  The  legis 
lature  meets  at  Augusta  annually,  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  January. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  annually  by  the 
people,  on  the  second  Monday  in  September,  and  his  term  of  office  commences 
on  the  first  Wednesday  in  January.  A  council  of  seven  members  is  elected 
annually  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  January,  by  joint  ballot  of  the  senators  and 
representatives,  to  advise  the  governor  in  the  executive  part  of  government. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  every  male  citizen  aged  21  years  or  up 
wards  (excepting  paupers,  persons  under  guardianship,  and  Indians  not  taxed), 
having  had  his  residence  established  in  the  state  for  the  term  of  three  months 
next  preceding  an  election. 

The  Literary  Seminaries  in  Maine  are  Bowdoin  College  at  Brunswick,  a 
flourishing  institution ;  Waterville  College,  at  Waterville,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Baptist  denomination ;  a  Theological  School  at  Bangor ;  the  Gardiner 
Lyceum,  at  Gardiner ;  and  the  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary,  at  Readfield,  which 
unites  agricultural  and  mechanical  labor  with  literary  instruction. 

Every  town  is  required  by  law  to  raise  annually,  for  the  support  of  common 
schools,  a  sum  equal  at  least  to  40  cents  for  each  person  in  the  town,  and  to 
distribute  this  sum  among  the  several  school  districts,  according  to  the  number 
of  scholars  in  each. 

On  an  island  in  Penobscot  river,  there  are  still  the  remains  of  the 
Penobscot  tribe  of  Indians.  They  consist  of  about  100  families,  are 
Roman  Catholics,  and  have  a  church  and  a  priest. 

The  Baptists  have  210  churches,  136  ministers,  22  licentiates,  and  Religion, 
12,936  communicants;  the  Congregationalists,  156  churches,  107      183L 
pastors,  and  9,626  communicants ;  the  Methodists,  56  ministers,  and  12,182 
communicants ;  the  Free-will  Baptists,  about  50  congregations ;  the  Friends, 
about  30  societies;  the  Unitarians,  12  societies  and  8  ministers;  the  Episcopa 
lians,  4  ministers;  the  Roman  Catholics,  4  churches;   the  New  Jerusalem: 
Church,  3  societies  ;  and  there  are  some  Universalists. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1830,  was  22. 

This  state  sends  8  representatives  to  congress. 

The  governor's  salary  is  1500  dollars. 


48 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  MAINE. 


1.  Between  what  degrees  of  latitude  and  longitude  does  Maine  lie? 

2.  What  is  its  length  and  breadth  ? 

3.  How  many  square  miles  does  it  contain  ? 

4.  What  was  the  population  in  1830? 

5.  What  is  the  population  to  a  square  mile  ? 

6.  How  many  counties  does  it  contain  ? — 7.  Name  them. 

8.  What  are  the  principal   rivers  in  Maine? — 9.  Bays? — 10.  The  most 
noted  lakes  ? 

11.  What  was  the  value  of  the  exports  in  1829? 

12.  What  was  the  number  of  cotton  mills  in  1831  ? 

13.  What  are  the  principal  articles  of  export? 

14.  What  do  the  principal  manufactures  consist  of? 

15.  What  was  the  number  of  yards  of  cotton  cloth  made  in  1831  ? 

16.  How  many  banks  are  there  in  the  state? 

17.  When  was  Maine  admitted  into  the  Union? 

18.  When  is  the  general  election? 

19.  When  and  how  often  does  the  legislature  meet? 

20.  To  whom  is  the  right  of  suffrage  granted  ? 

21.  Name  the  principal  literary  institutions. 

22.  How  much  is  every  town  obliged,  by  law,  to  raise  annually  for  the 
support  of  common  schools  ? 

23.  Where  are  the  remains  of  the  Penobscot  tribe  of  Indians,  and  what  is 
said  of  them  ? 

24.  Name  the  principal  denominations  of  Christians  in  the  state. 

25.  How  many  representatives  does  Maine  send  to  Congress  ? 

26.  What  is  the  governor's  annual  salary  ? 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


ARMS  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  is  bounded  N.  by  Lower  Canada ;  E.  by  Maine ;  S.  E.  by 
the  Atlantic ;  S.  by  Massachusetts ;  and  W.  by  Vermont.  It  lies  between  42° 
41'  and  45°  11'  N-  lat,  and  between  4°  29'  and  6°  19'  E,  long-  from  Washington. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


49 


It  is  160  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  90  in  its  greatest  breadth,  and  contains 
9,491  square  miles,  or  6,074,240  acres.  Population  in  1790,  141,885;  in 
1800,  183,858;  in  1810,  214,460;  in  1820,  244,161  ;  and  in  1830,  269,533 
Population  to  a  square  mile,  28. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Distance 
fr.  Concord. 

Rockingham      se 

40,526 

44,452 

(  Portsmouth 
I  Exeter 

8,082 
2,759 

45 
39 

C  Dover 

5,449 

40 

Strafford              e 

51,415 

58,916 

I  Gilmanton 
1  Gilford 

3,816 
1,872 

20 
30 

L  Rochester 

2,155 

40 

Merrimack         m 

32,743 

34,619 

CONCORD 

3,727 

Hillsborough       s 

35,781 

37,762 

Amherst 

1,657 

30 

Cheshire           sw 

26,753 

27,016 

Keene 

2,374 

55 

Sullivan              w 

18,628 

19,687 

Newport 

1,913 

40 

Graflon              w 

32,989 

38,691 

^  Haverhill 
I  Plymouth 

2,153 
1,175 

67 

40 

Coos                    n 

5,151 

8,390 

Lancaster 

1,187 

116 

Total 

244,161 

269,533 

Concord  is  the  seat  of  government.  Portsmouth  is  much  the  largest  town, 
and  the  only  sea-port. 

Five  of  the  largest  rivers  in  New  England  rise  either  wholly  or  in  part  in 
this  state.  These  are  the  Connecticut,  Merrimack,  Androscoggin,  Saco,  and 
Piscataqua.  The  other  most  considerable  rivers  are  the  Upper  and  Lower  Am- 
monoosuc,  Sugar  river,  Ashuelot,  Contoocook,  Margallaway,  and  Nashua.  The 
principal  lakes  are  Winnipiseogee,  Umbagog,  Ossipee,  Sunapee,  Squam,  and 
Newfoundland  lakes. 

The  whole  extent  of  sea-coast  in  this  state,  from  the  southern  boundary  to 
the  mouth  of  Piscataqua  harbor,  is  18  miles.  The  shore  is  generally  a  sandy 
beach,  and  bordering  upon  it  are  salt  marshes,  intersected  by  creeks.  There 
are  several  coves,  convenient  for  fishing  vessels,  but  the  entrance  of  the  Piscat 
aqua  is  the  only  harbor  for  ships.  For  20  or  30  miles  from  the  sea  the  coun 
try  is  either  level,  or  variegated  by  small  hills  and  valleys.  Then  commences 
a  country  the  surface  of  which  is  greatly  diversified  by  hills,  valleys,  and  seve 
ral  elevated  mountains,  among  which  are  the  White  Mountains,  accounted  the 
highest  in  the  United  States.  *The  other  most  considerable  summits  are  Moose- 
hillock,  Monadnoc,  Kearsarge,  Sunapee,  Ossipee,  &c»  Some  of  the  most  re 
markable  natural  objects  of  curiosity  are  the  cave  in  Chester,  the  rock  in  Dur 
ham,  Bellows  falls  in  Walpole,  and  particularly  the  Notch  of  the  White 
Mountains. 

There  is  a  great  variety  of  soil  in  this  state ;  a  considerable  proportion  is 
fertile,  and  it  is  generally  better  adapted  to  grazing  than  tillage.  The  interval 
lands  on  the  large  rivers  are  esteemed  the  most  valuable.  These  produce  vari 
ous  kinds  of  grain  in  great  abundance.  But  the  uplands,  of  an  uneven  surface, 
and  of  a  rocky,  warm,  moist  soil,  are  accounted  the  best  for  grazing.  The 
principal  articles  of  produce  are  beef,  pork,  mutton,  butter,  cheese,  wheat,  rye, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  barley,  pulse,  and  flax. 

In  the  township  of  Chester,  are  two  remarkable  caves.  One  called  the 
Devil's  Den  is  in  Mine  Hill,  in  the  western  part.  The  hill  is  half  a  mile  in 
diameter,  and  about  400  feet  high,  almost  perpendicular  on  the  south  side.  The 

G 


50  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

entrance  of  the  cave,  which  is  on  the  south  side,  is  10  yards  above  the  base, 
and  after  a  passage,  varying  in  its  dimensions,  25  feet  in  length,  opens  into  the 
principal  apartment,  which  is  15  or  20  feet  square,  three  or  four  feet  high, 
floored  and  ceiled  by  a  regular  rock.  From  the  ceiling  are  dependent  numer 
ous  stalactites  or  excrescences,  in  the  form  of  pears,  whose  polished  surfaces 
reflect  a  torch-light  with  innumerable  hues  and  uncommon  brilliancy. 

The  other  cave  is  on  the  west  side  of  Rattlesnake  Hill,  seven  miles  south 
west  of  the  meeting-house.  The  principal  entrance  is  eleven  feet  high  and  four 
wide.  It  extends  20  feet  into  the  side  of  the  hill,  and  after  forming  a  semi 
circle  of  53  feet  in  length,  passes  out  on  the  same  side. 

The  manufactures  of  New  Hampshire  have  increased  very  rapidly  within  a 
few  years.  There  are  now  more  than  40  cotton  and  woollen  manufactories, 
many  of  them  on  an  extensive  scale.  A  glass  manufactory  has  been  estab 
lished  at  Keene,  and  there  are  two  iron  manufactories  at  Franconia.  The  prin 
cipal  exports  from  New  Hampshire  are  lumber,  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  fish,  beef, 
live  cattle,  pork,  and  flax-seed.  The  market  for  the  northern  part  of  the  state, 
is  Portland,  for  the  south-eastern,  Portsmouth  and  Newburyport ;  for  the  coun 
try  on  the  Merrimack,  Boston ;  for  the  country  on  the  Connecticut,  Hartford 
and  Boston.  The  value  of  the  exports  in  1829  was  $106,000. 

New  Hampshire  has  a  college  at  Hanover,  styled  Dartmouth  College,  with 
which  a  medical  school  is  connected ;  a  small  academical  theological  institution 
at  New  Hampton ;  and  about  30  incorporated  academies,  of  which  the  oldest 
and  best  endowed  is  Phillips  Academy  at  Exeter. 

Common  schools  are  established  throughout  the  state,  and  for  their  support 
a  sum,  amounting,  each  year  since  1818,  to  $90,000,  is  annually  raised  by  a 
separate  tax.  The  State  has  a  Literary  Fund  amounting  to  $64,000,  formed 
by  a  tax  of  one  half  per  cent,  on  the  capital  of  the  banks.  The  proceeds  of 
this  fund,  and  also  an  annual  income  of  $9,000  derived  from  a  tax  on  banks, 
are  appropriated  to  aid  the  support  of  schools. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1831,  was  16. 

There  are  in  this  State  21  banks,  viz.  at  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire  Bank, 
New  Hampshire  Union  Bank,  Rockingham  Bank,  Portsmouth  Bank,  Piscata- 
qua  Bank,  Commercial  Bank  ;  at  Exeter,  Exeter  Bank  ;  at  Derry,  Derry  Bank ; 
at  Dover,  Straffbrd  Bank,  Dover  Bank  ;  at  Meredith,  Winnipiseogee  Bank  ;  at 
Concord,  Concord  Bank,  Merrimack  Co.  Bank ;  at  Amherst,  Farmers'  Bank ; 

at ,  Manufacturers'  Bank  ;  at  Keene,  Cheshire  Bank ;  at  Charlestown, 

Connecticut  River  Bank  ;  at  Claremont,  Claremont  Bank  ;  at  Haverhill,  Graf- 
ton  Bank ;  at  Plymouth,  Pemigewasset  Bank  ;  at, Lebanon,  Lebanon  Bank. 

The  Bank  of  the  United  States  has  an  office  of  discount  and  deposit  at 
Portsmouth. 

Histor          ^e  fi1*8*-  English  settlement  in  New  Hampshire,  was  made  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Piscataqua,  in  1623.     It  was  formed  into  a  sepa 
rate  government  in  1679,  before  which  it  was  under  the  jurisdiction  of  Massa 
chusetts. 

Constitution  ^  const^uti°n  was  established  in  1784 ;  and  in  1792,  this  consti- 
and  govern-  tution  was  altered  and  amended,  by  a  convention  of  delegates  held  at 
nent<  Concord,  and  is  now  in  force.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  which,  together,  are  styled  The  Genera] 
Court  of  New  Hampshire.  Every  town,  or  incorporated  township,  having  150 
ratable  polls,  may  send  one  representative ;  and  for  every  300  additional  polls, 
it  is  entitled  to  an  additional  representative.  The  Senate  consists  of  12  mem 
bers,  who  are  chosen  by  the  people  in  districts.  The  executive  power  is  vested 
in  a  Governor  and  a  Council,  which  consists  of  five  members.  The  governor, 
council,  senators,  and  xepresentatives,  are  all  elected  annually,  by  the  people, 
on  the  second  Tuesday  in  March ;  and  their  term  of  service  commences  on  the 
first  Wednesday  in  June.  The  General  Court  meets  annually  (at  Concord)  on 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  51 

the  first  Wednesday  in  June.  The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  every  male 
inhabitant  of  21  years  of  age,  excepting  paupers  and  persons  excused  from 
paying  taxes  at  their  own  request. 

Religious  Denominations  in  1831. 

Churches.  Ministers.  Communicants, 

Congregationalists,     -      -     146      -      -     116     -      -     12,867 

Baptists, 75      -      -       61     -      -       5,279 

Free-will  Baptists,      -      -       67      -      -       51     -      4  or  5,000 
Methodists,  -      -       30     -      -       3,180 

Presbyterians,       -     -      -       11      -      -         9     -      -       1,499 
The  Christians  have  17  ministers;  the  Friends,  13  societies;  the  Universal- 

ists,  about  20  congregations;  the  Unitarians,  10  ministers;  the  Episcopalians, 

8  ministers ;  the  Catholics,  2  churches ;  the  Shakers,  2  societies,  and  the  San- 

demanians,  1. 

New  Hampshire  sends  five  representatives  to  Congress.     The  Governor's 

annual  salary  is  $1200. 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

1.  How  is  New  Hampshire  bounded? 

2.  What  is  its  extent,  square  miles  and  population  ? 

3.  What  is  the  population  to  a  square  mile  ? 

4.  How  many  counties  does  it  contain  ? — 5.  Name  them. 

6.  Which  town  is  the  seat  of  government,  and  which  is  the  largest  1 

7.  Name  the  five  principal  rivers. 

8.  How  many  miles  of  sea-coast  has  New  Hampshire  ? 

9.  What  is  said  of  the  country  for  20  or  30  miles  from  the  sea  ? 

10.  What  kind  of  a  country  commences  then? 

11.  What  is  said  of  the  soil? 

12.  What  are  the  principal  articles  of  produce? 

13.  What  can  you  say  of  the  manufactures? 

14.  What  was  the  value  of  exports  in  1829? 

15.  "What  is  said  of  common  schools,  and  what  is  annually  raised  by  tax 
for  their  support  ? 

16.  Mention  the  most  remarkable  curiosities. 

17.  How  many  periodical  papers  in  1831  ? 

18.  How  many  banks  are  there  in  the  State? 

19.  Where  was  the  first  English  settlement? 

20.  What  can  you  say  of  the  legislative  power  ? 

21.  How  many  representatives  does  each  town  send? 

22.  How  many  members  does  the  senate  consist  of,  and  how  chosen  ? 

23.  How  is  the  executive  power  vested  ? 

24.  When  is  the  annual  election  ? 

25.  When  and  how  often  does  the  general  court  meet  ? 

26.  Which  are  the  most  numerous  denominations  of  Christians  ? 

27.  How  many  representatives  does  New  Hampshire  send  to  Congress  ? 

28.  What  is  the  governor's  annual  salary  ? 


VERMONT. 


VERMONT. 

VERMONT  is  bounded  N.  by  Lower  Canada ;  E.  by  New  Hampshire ;  S.  by 
Massachusetts ;  and  W.  by  New  York,  from  which  it  is  separated  in  part  by 
lake  Champlain.  It  lies  between  42°  44'  and  45°  N.  lat.  and  between  3°  39' 
and  5°  31'  E.  longitude  from  Washington.  It  is  157  miles  long  from  N.  to  S. 
90  broad  on  the  northern  boundary,  40  on  the  southern,  and  contains  10,212 
square  miles.  Population  to  a  square  mile,  27. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Distance 
from  Mont- 
pelier. 

Addison              w 

20,469 

24,940 

Middlebu.ry 

3,468 

56 

Bennington       sw 

16,125 

17,470 

(  Bennington 
I  Manchester 

3,419 
1,525 

119 
98 

Caledonia          ne 

16,669 

20,967 

Danville 

2,631 

30 

Chittenden          w 

16,055 

21,775 

Burlington 

3,526 

38 

Essex                 ne 

3,284 

3,981 

Guildhall 

481 

78 

Franklin           mv 

17,192 

24,525 

St.  Albans 

2,375 

64 

Grand  Isle        nw 

3,527 

3,696 

North  Hero 

638 

68 

Orange               c 

24,681 

27,285 

Chelsea 

1,958 

23 

Orleans               n 

6,976 

13,980 

Irasburgh 

860 

49 

Rutland              w 

29,983 

31,295 

Rutland 

2,753 

67 

Washington       m 

14,113 

21,394 

MoNTPELIER 

1,193 

Windham          se 

28,659 

28,758 

*Newfane 

1,441 

108 

Windsor              e 

38,233 

40,623 

{  Windsor 
{  Woodstock 

3,134 
3,044 

59 

48 

Total 

225,764 

280,679 

*  The  name  of  the  village  in  which  the  county  buildings  are  situated  is  Fayetteville. 


Population  at  Different  Periods. 


In 


Population. 

1790,  85,539 
1800,  154,465 
1810,  217,895 
1820,  235,764 
1830,  280,679 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  68,826 
1800  1810,  63,430 
1810  1820,  17,869 
1820  1830,  44,915 


Slaves. 

16 
0 
0 
0 
0 


The  Green  Mountains,  from  which  the  state  derives  its  name,  come  from 
Massachusetts,  and  run  along  the  east  side  of  Bennington,  Rutland,  and  Addi 
son  counties.  In  Addison  county  they  divide ;  the  western  and  principal  chain 
continuing  a  northerly  course,  and  terminating  near  the  northern  boundary  of 
the  stale ;  while  the  height  of  land,  as  it  is  called,  strikes  off  to  the  north-east, 
dividing  the  waters  which  flow  into  the  Connecticut  from  those  which  fall  into 
i&ke  Mernphremagog  and  lake  Champlain.  The  western  range  presents  much 
the  loftiest  summits,  but  has  inequalities  which  afford  a  passage  for  Onion  and 
Lamoil  rivers.  The  soil  is  for  the  most  part  fertile,  being  generally  deep,  and 
of  a  dark  color,  moist,  loamy,  and  well  watered.  The  interval  lands  are 
esteemed  the  best ;  bordering  on  these  is  usually  a  strip  one  or  two  miles  wide, 
which  is  comparatively  poor,  but  beyond  this  the  land  recovers  a  fertility  nearly 
equal  to  that  on  the  rivers.  The  principal  productions  are  wheat,  barley,  rye, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  &c.  The  principal  exports  are  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  beef, 
pork,  butter,  cheese,  &c.  The  market  for  the  northern  part  of  the  state  is 
Montreal ;  for  the  eastern,  Hartford  and  Boston  ;  for  the  western,  New  York. 
The  amount  of  exports  in  1829  was  808,000  dollars. 


VERMONT.  53 

The  principal  rivers  within  the  state  are  Lamoile,  Onion,  Otter  Creek,  Misis- 
que,  Deerfield,  White,  Black,  and  Pasumsic. 

Fort  Dummer,  in  the  south-east  part  of  Vermont,  was  built  in 
1724 ;  and  Bennington,  the  oldest  town  in  the  state,  was  chartered  in 
1749,  by  Benning  Wentworth,  governor  of  New  Hampshire. 

The  territory  of  Vermont  was  originally  claimed  both  by  New  Hampshire 
and  New  York ;  and  its  political  condition  was,  for  a  considerable  time,  unset 
tled  ;  but  the  people  preferring  to  have  a  separate  government,  formed  a  consti 
tution  in  1777,  under  which  a  government  was  organized  in  March,  1788 ;  and 
in  1791,  Vermont  was  admitted  into  the  union. 

The  first  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1777 ;  the  one 
now  in  operation  was  adopted  on  the  4th  of  July,  1793. 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  single  body,  a  house  of  representatives, 
elected  annually,  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  September,  every  town  in  the  state 
being  entitled  to  send  one  representative.  The  representatives  meet  (at  Morit- 
pelier)  annually  on  the  second  Thursday  of  the  October  succeeding  their  elec 
tion,  and  are  styled  The  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Vermont. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  and  a 
council  of  12  persons,  who  are  all  chosen  annually  by  the  freemen  on  the  first 
Tuesday  in  September,  and  their  term  of  office  commences  on  the  second 
Thursday  in  October.  They  are  empowered  to  commission  all  officers ;  to 
sit  as  judges  to  consider  and  determine  on  impeachments  ;  to  prepare  and  lay 
before  the  general  assembly  such  business  as  shall  appear  to  them  necessary ; 
and  have  power  to  revise  and  propose  amendments  to  the  laws  passed  by  the 
house  of  representatives. 

The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  suffrage  to  every  man  of  the  full  age  of 
2]  years,  who  has  resided  in  the  state  for  the  space  of  one  whole  year,  next 
before  the  election  of  representatives,  and  is  of  quiet  and  peaceable  behavior. 

The  judiciary  power  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court  consisting  of  three  judges ; 
and  of  a  county  court  of  three  judges  for  each  county.  The  judges  of  the 
supreme,  county,  and  probate  courts,  sheriffs,  and  justices  of  the  peace,  are 
elected  annually  by  the  general  assembly. 

A  council  of  censors,  consisting  of  13  persons,  are  chosen  every  seven  years 
(first  elected  in  1799)  on  the  last  Wednesday  in  March,  and  meet  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  June.  Their  duty  is  to  inquire  whether  the  constitution  has 
been  preserved  inviolate ;  whether  the  legislative  and  executive  branches  of 
government  have  performed  their  duty  as  guardians  of  the  people ;  whether  the 
public  taxes  have  been  justly  laid  and  collected ;  in  what  manner  the  public 
moneys  have  been  disposed  of;  and  whether  the  laws  have  been  faithfully 
executed. 

There  are  in  this  state  10  banks,  viz.  Bank  of  Burlington,  of  Windsor,  of 
Brattleborough,  of  Rutland,  of  Montpelier,  of  St.  Albans,  of  Caledonia,  of  Ver- 
gennes,  of  Orange  county,  of  Bennington. 

Note.  The  bank  of  the  United  States  has  an  office  of  discount  and  deposit  at 
Burlington. 

There  are  two  colleges  in  Vermont,  at  Burlington  and  Middlebury ; 
medical  schools  at  Burlington  and  Castleton ;  and  about  20  incorpo 
rated  academies  in  the  state,  where  young  men  may  be  fitted  for  college. 

Common  schools  are  supported  throughout  the  state.  The  money  raised  by 
the  general  law  for  the  support  of  schools,  at  3  per  cent,  on  the  grand  list  (the 
valuation  for  taxes,)  would  be  about  $51,119  42  ;  and  about  as  much  more  is 
supposed  to  be  raised  by  school  district  taxes.  The  state  has  a  literary  fund, 
derived  principally  from  a  tax  of  6  per  cent,  on  the  annual  profits  of  the  banks ; 
the  amount  on  loan  in  September,  1829,  was  $23,763  32. 

The  Congregationalists  have  13  associations,  203  churches,  110Reli  ougde 
pastors,  35  unsettled  ministers,  10  licentiates,  and  17,236  communi-  nomhfa-6 
cants;  the  Baptists,  105 -churches,  56  pastors,  8  licentiates,  and  tion8' 183L 


54 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


8,478  communicants ;  the  Methodists,  44  ministers  and  8,577  communicants  , 
the  Episcopalians,  15  ministers;  the  Unitarians,  3  societies  and  1  minister; 
and  there  are  some  Free-will  Baptists,  Christians,  and  Universalists. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1830  was  13. 

Vermont  sends  5  representatives  to  congress.  The  governor's  salary  is  $750. 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  VERMONT, 

1.  How  is  Vermont  bounded? 

2.  Between  what  degrees  of  latitude  and  longitude  does  it  lie  1 

3.  What  is  its  length,  breadth,  square  miles,  and  population  in  1830  ? — Popu 
lation  to  a  square  mile  1 

4.  How  many  counties  does  it  contain  1 

5.  What  is  said  of  the  soil  ? 

6.  What  are  the  principal  productions  ? 

7.  What  the  principal  exports  ? — Rivers  ? 

8.  What  was  the  amount  of  exports  in  1829 1 

9.  By  what  states  was  Vermont  originally  claimed  ? 

10.  In  what  is  the  legislative  power  vested  ? 

11.  How  many  representatives  is  each  town  in  the  state  allowed  to  send? 

12.  In  whom  is  the  executive  power  vested? 

13.  To  whom  does  the  constitution  grant  the  right  of  suffrage? 

14.  What  is  said  of  the  council  of  censors  and  their  duty? 

1 5.  How  many  banks  are  there  in  the  state  ? 

16.  At  which  town  is  the  branch  of  the  United  States  Bank? 

17.  How  many  colleges,  and  where  located  ? 

18.  What  is  said  in  regard  to  the  support  of  common  schools? 

19.  How  many  representatives  does  Vermont  send  to  congress? 

20.  What  is  the  governor's  salary  ? 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


ARMS  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 

MASSACHUSETTS  is  bounded  N.  by  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire  ;  E.  by  the 
Atlantic  ;  S.  by  Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut ;  and  W.  by  New- York.  It  lies 
between  41°  23'  and  43°  52'  N.  lat.  and  between  3°  33'  and  7°  10'  E.  longi 
tude  from  Washington.  It  contains  7,250  square  miles,  or  4,644,000  acres. 


MASSACHUSETTS.  55 

It  is  divided  into  14  counties,  and  290  towns.    It  has  on  an  average  81  persons 
each  square  mile,  and  is  the  most  thickly  settled  state  in  the  union. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Males. 

Females. 

Colored. 

Tot.  Pop. 

County  Towns.    1      Pop. 

Distance 
from  Boston. 

Suffolk             e 

28,586 

31,693 

1,883 

62,162 

BOSTON 

61,392 

Salem 

13,886 

14 

Essex           ne 

39,431 

42,929 

527 

82,887 

•  Newburyport 

6,388 

37 

Ipswich 

2,951 

27 

Middlesex     m 

38,107 

39,348 

513 

77,968 

Cambridge 
Concord 

6,071 
2,017 

3 

17 

Plymouth       e 

20,905 

21,678 

410 

42,993 

Plymouth 

4,751 

36 

Norfolk           e 

20,436 

21396 

169 

41,901 

Dedham 

3,057 

10 

Bristol             * 

23,366 

25,178 

930 

49,474 

)  New  Bedford 
)  Taunton 

7,592 
6,045 

52 
32 

Barnstable    $e 

13,997 

14,363 

165 

28,525 

Barnstable 

3,975 

68 

Nantucket    se 

3,339 

3,584 

279 

7,202 

Nantucket 

7,202 

100 

Dukes            se 

1,702 

1,768 

48 

3,518 

Edgartown 

1,509 

97 

Worcester     m 

41,545 

42,449 

371 

84,365 

Worcester 

4,172 

39 

Hampshire  wm 

14,999 

14,995 

225 

30,210 

Northampton 

3,613 

91 

Hampden    *w 

15,288 

16,003 

349 

31,640 

Springfield 

6,784 

87 

Franklin     nw 

14,447 

14,765 

132 

29,344 

Greenfield 

1,540 

95 

Berkshire      w 

18,310 

18,510 

1,005 

37,825 

Lenox 

1,355 

133 

Total 

294,449 

308,559 

7,006 

610,014 

Population  of  Massachusetts  at  different  periods. 
In  1800,      422,845. 

"  1810,      472,040.     Increase  from  1800  to  1810,      49,195 
"1820,      523,287.          «  "      1810  to  1820,      51,247 

"  1830,      610,014.          "  "      1820  to  1830,      86,727 

Boston  is  the  chief  town.  The  other  most  considerable  maritime  towns  are 
Salem,  Newburyport,  Marblehead,  Beverly,  Gloucester,  Charlestown,  Plymouth, 
and  New  Bedford.  Worcester,  Northampton,  Springfield,  Greenfield,  Pitts- 
field,  Haverhill,  Dedham,  Lowell,  Taunton,  Concord,  and  many  others  are 
pleasant  and  flourishing  inland  towns. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Connecticut,  Merrimackr  Concord,  Nashua, 
Charles,  Mystic,  Neponset,  Taunton,  Chickapee,  Deerfield,  Westfield,  Miller's, 
and  Housatonic. 

The  Middlesex  Canal,  which  connects  Boston  harbor  with  the  Merrimack,  is 
30  miles  long.  It  was  completed  in  1804,  and  was  at  that  time  the  most  consid 
erable  canal  in  the  United  States.  Blackstone  canal  extends  from  Worcester 
to  Providence,  and  is  45  miles  in  length. 

Several  different  companies  have  been  recently  incorporated  by  the  legisla 
ture  of  this  state  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  rail-roads ;  one  from  Boston  to- 
Worcester ;  another  from  Boston  to  the  river  Hudson  ;  another  from  Boston  to 
Connecticut  river  ;  another  from  Boston  to  Providence  by  Pawtucket ;  another 
from  Boston  to  Taunton ;  another  from  Boston  to  Lowell ;  another  from  Boston 
to  Lake  Ontario,  New  York ;  another  from  West  Stockbridge  to  the  boundary 
line  of  the  state  of  New  York. 


PROFILE  VIEW  OF  THE  MASSACHUSETTS  KAIL-ROAD, 


56  MASSACHUSETTS. 

The  principal  islands  are  Nantucket  and  Martha's  Vineyard.  The  most 
noted  capes  are  Cape  Ann,  Cape  Cod,  and  Cape  Malabar.  The  most  consid 
erable  bays  are  Massachusetts,  Cape  Cod,  Barnstable,  Plymouth,  and  Buzzard's 
bays.  There  are  no  large  lakes,  but  there  are  numerous  ponds. 

The  range  of  the  Green  Mountains  passes  from  north  to  south,  through  the 
western  part  of  this  state.  The  principal  chain  takes  the  name  of  Hoosac 
mountain.  The  highest  summits  are  Saddle  and  Takonnack  mountains.  The 
other  most  noted  mountains  in  the  state,  are  Wachuset,  in  Princeton,  Mount 
Tom  and  Mount  Holyoke,  near  Northampton,  and  Mount  Toby,  in  Sunderland.. 
The  general  aspect  of  the  country  is  interesting,  affording  many  highly  varied 
and  extensive  prospects. 

The  face  of  the  country  is  greatly  diversified.  The  south-eastern  part  is 
mostly  level.  There  are  also  level  districts  of  small  extent  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  Merrimack  in  the  north-east.  Salt  marshes  are  numerous  in  the  maritime- 
parts,  though  not  very  extensive.  Most  of  that  part  bordering  on  the  sea-coast, 
and  extending  into  the  interior  as  far  as  the  county  of  Worcester,  may  be 
regarded  as  the  level  division,  exhibiting  no  very  considerable  elevations.  The 
five  western  counties  of  Worcester,  Hampshire,  Franklin,  Hampden,  and  Berk 
shire,  present  the  greatest  irregularity  of  surface,  and  constitute  the  highlands 
of  the  state.  These  counties,  however,  abound  in  vast  tracts  of  elevated  lands 
diversified  with  gentle  swells,  in  large  districts  of  pine-plains,  in  valleys  of 
various  extent,  as  well  as  in  wide  intervals,  particularly  on  Connecticut  river. 

The  soil  is  exceedingly  various,  comprising  every  description  from  the  most 
fertile  to  the  most  unproductive.  In  the  south-eastern  part  it  is  mostly  light 
and  sandy,  interspersed,  however,  with  numerous  fertile  tracts.  In  the  middle 
and  northern  parts,  toward  the  sea-coast,  it  is  of  a  much  better  quality,  though 
not  generally  distinguished  for  its  natural  fertility  ;  but  by  excellent  cultivation,. 
a  great  portion  of  it  is  rendered  highly  productive.  The  middle  and  western 
parts  have  generally  a  strong  rich  soil,  excellent  for  grazing,  and  suited  to  most 
of  the  purposes  of  agriculture.  The  state  is  almost  universally  well  watered. 
The  streams  of  every  description  are  remarkably  clear  and  beautiful.  The 
farms  generally  consist  of  from  100  to  300  acres,  and  are,  for  the  most  part, 
well  cultivated.  In  no  part  of  the  United  States  have  there  been  greater  ad 
vances  made  in  agricultural  improvements  than  in  Massachusetts.  The  country 
is  intersected  in  every  direction  by  roads,  which  are  kept  in  a  good  state  of 
repair. 

The  principal  productions  are,  Indian  corn,  rye,  wheat,  oats,  barley,  peast 
beans,  buck-wheat,  potatoes,  hops,  flax,  and  hemp.  Beef,  pork,  butter,  and 
cheese  are  abundant  in  most  parts  of  the  state,  and  of  excellent  quality.  The 
county  of  Berkshire,  in  particular,  is  distinguished  for  its  extensive  dairies* 
The  state  abounds  with  orchards,  and  great  quantities  of  cider  are  annually 
made,  which  is  the  common  beverage  of  the  inhabitants.  The  principal  culti 
vated  fruits  are  apples,  peaches,  pears,  quinces,  plums,  cherries,  and  currants. 
Gardening  is  an  object  of  attention  throughout  the  state,  and  all  the  hortulan 
vegetables  suited  to  the  climate,  together  with  a  variety  of  domestic  fruits,  are, 
in  this  way,  extensively  cultivated. 

Massachusetts  is  the  most  commercial  state  in  the  Union,  except  New  York. 
The  greatest  part  of  the  fisheries  in  the  United  States  belong  to  this  state.  The 
principal  articles  of  export  are  fish,  beef,  lumber,  pork,  ardent  spirits,  flax-seed, 
whale  oil,  spermaceti,  and  various  manufactures.  The  total  amount  in  1829, 
was  8,255,000  dollars. 

This  state  holds  the  second  rank  in  point  of  manufactures.  The  most  con 
siderable  are  those  of  cotton  cloths,  boots  and  shoes,  ardent  spirits,  leather, 
cordage,  wrought  and  cast  iron,  nails,  woollens,  ships,  straw  bonnets,  hats, 
cabinet  work,  paper,  oil,  and  muskets.  There  is  an  extensive  national  estab 
lishment  for  the  manufacture  of  arms  at  Springfield.  In  1831  there  were  in 


MASSACHUSETTS.  57 

this  state  250  cotton   mills,  with  a   capital  of  12,891,000  dollars,  making 
annually  79,231,000  yards  of  cloth. 

The  principal  mines  are  those  of  iron,  which  are  found  in  various  parts,  and 
there  are  numerous  establishments  for  manufacturing  iron.  .  The  counties  of 
Plymouth  and  Bristol  afford  great  quantities  of  this  mineral,  and  there  are 
several  rich  iron  mines  in  the  county  of  Berkshire.  A  lead  mine  is  found  at 
South  Hadley,  and  at  some  other  places.  Ochres  and  other  fossil  productions 
have  been  found  in  various  places.  Quarries  of  good  marble  are  found  irv 
Lanesborough,  Stockbridge,  Pittsfield,  Sheffield,  and  several  other  places  in 
Berkshire  county.  There  are  quarries  of  slate  at  Lancaster,  Harvard,  and 
Bernardston,  and  of  soap-stone  at  Middlefield.  Lime-stone  is  found  in  great 
abundance  in  the  county  of  Berkshire,  and  free-stone  in  all  parts  e-f  the  state. 
Great  quantities  of  beautiful  stone  for  building  are  obtained  from  Chelmsford 
and  Tyngsborough. 

The  climate  of  Massachusetts  is  subject  to  the  extremes  of  heat  and  cold. 
The  air,  however,  is  generally  dry,  serene,  and  healthy.  The  thermometer  in 
summer  is  frequently  observed  to  exceed  77°  for  forty  or  fifty  days  together ; 
and  sometimes  rises  to  100°. 

There  are  in  this  state  66  banks :  total  amount  of  capital  paid  in,  $20,420,000. 
Of  these,  19  are  in  Boston,  including  a  branch  of  the  United  States  Bank,  6  at 
Salem,  2  at  New  Bedford,  2  at  Newburyport,  2  at  Worcester,  and  the  rest  are 
scattered  through  the  state  with  but  one  in  a  town. 

The  principal  literary  institutions  are  Harvard  University  in  Cam-  j^^^^ 
bridge,  connected  with  which  there  are  medical,  theological,  and  law 
schools ;  Williams  College  at  Williamstown ;  Amherst  College  at  Amherst ; 
Massachusetts  Medical  College  in  Boston  connected  with  Harvard  University  ; 
Berkshire  Medical  Institution  connected  with  Williams  College ;  the  Theologi 
cal  Seminaries  at  Andover  and  Newton ;  Round  Hill  School  at  Northampton, 
Berkshire  Gymnasium  at  Pittsfield,  and  Mount  Pleasant  Classical  Institution  at 
Amherst.     There  are  also  56  incorporated  academies,  of  which  Philips  Acade 
my  at  Andover,  the  oldest  and  best  endowed,  was  incorporated  in  1780,  and 
has  educated  2,025  scholars. 

Common  schools  are  well  supported  throughout  the  state.  The  laws  require 
that  every  town  or  district,  containing  50  families,  shall  be  provided  with  a 
school  or  schools  equivalent  in  time  to  six  months  for  one  school  in  a  year ; 
containing  100  families,  12  months;  150  families,  18  months;  and  the  several 
towns  in  the  state  are  authorized  and  directed  to  raise  such  sums  of  money  as 
are  necessary  for  the  support  of  the  schools,  and  to  assess  and  collect  the  money 
in  the  same  manner  as  other  town  taxes.  Each  town  is  also  required  to  choose 
annually  a  school  committee  of  3,  5,  or  7  persons,  to  take  the  general  charge 
and  superintendence  of  the  public  schools. 

The  number  of  periodical  presses  in  Massachusetts  in  1830  was  estimated 
at  40. 

The  Congregationalists  have  491  churches,  and  423  ordained  min-ReIi  iouide 
isters,  118  of  whom  are  Unitarians;  the  Baptists,  129  churches,  110   nomina- 
ministers,  and  12,580  communicants;  the  Methodists,  71  preachers tion8>  183L 
and  8,200  members;  the  Universalists,  46  societies;  the  Episcopalians,  31 
ministers  ;  the  New  Jerusalem  Church,  8  societies ;  the  Presbyterians,  9  min 
isters  ;  the  Roman  Catholics,  4  churches ;  and  the  Shakers,  4  societies. 

The  territory  of  Massachusetts  comprised,  for  many  years  after  its 
first  settlement,  two  separate  colonies,  styled  the  Plymouth  Colony 
and  the  Colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay* 

The  first  English  settlement  that  was  made  in  New  England,  was  formed  by 
101  persons  who  fled  from  religious  persecution  in  England,  landed  at  Ply 
mouth  on  the  22d  of  December,  1620,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  Plymouth 
Colony. 

H 


58  MASSACHUSETTS. 

constitution  The  constitution  of  this  state  was  framed  in  1780,  and  amended  in 
and  govern- 1821.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  senate  and  house  of 
representatives,  which  together  are  styled  The  General  Court  of  Mas 
sachusetts. 

The  members  of  the  house  of  representatives  are  elected  annually  in  May ; 
and  they  must  be  chosen  ten  days  at  least  before  the  last  Wednesday  of  that 
month.  Every  corporate  town  having  150  ratable  polls  may  elect  one  repre 
sentative,  and  another  for  every  additional  225  ratable  polls. 

The  senate  consists  of  40  members,  who  are  chosen,  by  districts,  annually, 
on  the  first  Monday  in  April. 

The  supreme  executive  magistrate  is  styled  The  Governor  of  the  Common 
wealth  of  Massachusetts,  and  has  the  title  of  "  His  Excellency."  The  governor 
is  elected  annually  by  the  people  on  the  first  Monday  of  April,  and  at  the  same 
time  a  lieutenant-governor  is  chosen,  who  has  the  title  of  "  His  Honor." 
The  governor  is  assisted  in  the  executive  part  of  government  by  a  council  of 
nine  members,  who  are  chosen,  by  the  joint  ballot  of  the  senators  and  represent 
atives,  from  the  senators ;  and  in  case  the  persons  elected,  or  any  of  them, 
decline  the  appointment,  the  deficiency  is  supplied  from  among  the  people  at 
large. 

The  general  court  meets  (at  Boston)  on  the  last  Wednesday  of  May,  and 
also  in  January. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  every  male  citizen,  21  years  of  age  and 
upwards  (excepting  paupers  and  persons  under  guardianship,)  who  has  resided 
within  the  commonwealth  one  year,  and  within  the  town  or  district  in  which 
he  may  claim  a  right  to  vote,  six  calendar  months  next  preceding  any  election, 
and  who  has  paid  a  state  or  county  tax,  assessed  upon  him  within  two  years 
next  preceding  such  election ;  and  also  every  citizen  who  may  be  by  law 
exempted  from  taxation,  and  who  may  be,  in  all  other  respects,  qualified  as 
above  mentioned. 

The  judiciary  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court,  a  court  of  common  pleas,  and 
such  other  courts  as  the  legislature  may  establish.  The  judges  are  appointed 
by  the  governor  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  council,  and  hold 
their  offices  during  good  behavior. 

Massachusetts  sends  12  representatives  to  congress.  The  governor's  salary 
is  $3,666  67. 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  MASSACHUSETTS. 

1.  How  many  square  miles  does  Massachusetts  contain? 

2.  How  many  inhabitants  does  it  contain  to  a  square  mile? 

3.  How  many  counties? — Population  in  1830? 

4.  Chief  towns  and  rivers  ? 

5.  Mention  the  principal  islands  and  capes. — 6.  Mountains. 

7.  Describe  the  face  of  the  country. 

8.  What  is  said  in  regard  to  manufactures  and  commerce? 

9.  What  are  the  principal  minerals,  and  where  found  ? 

10.  What  is  said  of  the  climate? 

11.  How  many  banks  are  there  in  Massachusetts? 

12.  How  many  of  them  are  in  Boston? 

13.  Mention  the  principal  literary  institutions. 

14.  What  is  said  in  regard  to  common  schools? 

15.  Give  an  account  of  the  first  English  settlement  in  New  England. 

16.  In  what  is  the  legislative  power  vested? 

17.  When  is  the  annual  election  for  representatives,  and  when  for  senators  ? 

18.  By  whom  is  the  governor  assisted  in  the  executive  part  of  his  office? 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

19.  When  and  where  does  the  general  court  meet  1 

20.  To  whom  is  the  right  of  suffrage  granted  ? 

21.  How  many  representatives  does  Massachusetts  send  to  congress  t 

22.  What  is  the  governor's  salary  1 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


ARMS  OF  RHODE  ISLAND. 

LENGTH  40  miles.  Breadth,  29.  Contains  1350  square  miles.  Bounded  N- 
and  E.  by  Massachusetts ;  S.  by  the  Atlantic ;  W.  by  Connecticut.  Between 
41°  22'  and  42°  3'  N.  L.  and  5°  7'  and  5°  54'  E.  L.  from  Washington, 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop.  1830. 

Distance 
from 
Providence. 

Providence        n 
Newport          se 
Washington    sw 
Kent                 TO 
Bristol               e 
!                 Total 

35,786 
15,771 
15,687 
10,228 
5,637 

47,014 
16,534 
15,414 
12,784 

5,466 

PROVIDENCE 

Newport 
South  Kingston 
East  Greenwich 
Bristol 

16,832 
8,010 
3,663 
1,591 
3,054 

30 
31 
15 
15 

83,059 

97,212 

Population, 

In  1790,  68,825 
1800,  69,122 
1810,  76,931 
1820,  83,059 
1830,  97,212 


Population  at  different  periods. 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  297 

1800       1810,  7,809 

1810       1820,  6,128 

1820       1830,  14,153 


Slaves. 

948 

380 

108 

48 

14 


Population  to  a  square  mile,  75,  being  the  second  state  in  the  Union  in  point 
ol  a  dense  population. 

The  rivers  are  Pawtucket,  Providence,  Pawtuxet,  Pawcatuck,  and  Wood 
Narraganset  bay  extends  up  from  S.  to  N.  between  the  main  land  on 


river. 


the   E.  and  W.,  and  embosoms   many  pleasant  and  fertile  islands;  among 


(X)  RHODE  ISLAND. 

which  are  Rhode  Island,  from  which  the  state  derives  its  name,  Canonicut, 
Prudence,  Patience,  Hope,  Dyer's,  and  Hog  Islands.  Block  Island,  off  the 
coast  in  the  Atlantic,  is  the  most  southerly  land  belonging  to  the  state. 

The  most  considerable  towns  are  Providence,  Newport,  Bristol,  Warren, 
South  Kingston,  East  Greenwich,  Smithfield,  and  the  villages  of  Pawtucket, 
and  Pawtuxet.  The  harbors  are  Newport,  Providence,  Wickford,  Pawtuxet, 
Bristol,  and  Warren. 

The  face  of  the  country  is  mostly  level,  except  in  the  north-west  part,  which 
is  hilly  and  rocky.  The  soil  is,  generally  better  adapted  to  grazing  than  till 
age.  A  large  proportion  of  the  western  and  north-western  part  of  the  state 
has  a  thin  and  lean  soil ;  but  the  islands  and  the  country  bordering  on  Narra- 
ganset  bay,  are  of  great  fertility,  and  are  celebrated  for  their  fine  cattle,  their 
numerous  flocks  of  sheep,  and  the  abundance  and  excellence  of  their  butter 
and  cheese.  Here  are  found  some  of  the  finest  cattle  in  New  England.  Cider 
is  made  for  exportation.  Corn,  rye,  barley,  oats,  and  in  some  places  wheat, 
are  produced  in  sufficient  quantities  for  home  consumption ;  and  the  various 
kinds  of  grasses,  fruits,  culinary  roots  and  plants,  in  great  abundance  and  per- 
fection.  The  rivers  and  bays  swarm  with  a  variety  of  excellent  fish. 

Iron  ore  is  found  in  large  quantities  in  several  parts,  and  some  copper ;  there 
is  also  an  abundance  of  limestone,  particularly  in  the  county  of  Providence. 

The  manufactures  of  Rhode  Island  are  extensive.  They  consist  chiefly  of 
iron,  cotton,  woollen,  paper,  and  hats. 

In  1831  there  were  in  Rhode  Island  116  cotton  manufactories,  with  an  ag 
gregate  capital,  including  cost  of  land,  water  power,  buildings  and  machinery, 
of  $6,262,340.  These  establishments  consume  annually  10,415,578  pounds 
of  cotton,  and  make  37,121,681  yards  of  cloth.  Persons  employed  in  them, 
8,500,  including  women  and  children :  aggregate  amount  of  their  wages, 
$1,177,527.  There  are  likewise  in  this  state  5  bleacheries,  and  two  establish 
ments  for  printing  calicoes  connected  with  the  cotton  manufactories,  with  an 
aggregate  capital  of  $532,375,  making  the  grand  total  of  6,794,715  dollars, 
employed  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton.  The  amount  of  capital  employed  in 
the  manufacture  of  iron  and  steel,  is  $802,666,  divided  among  10  founderies 
and  30  machine-shops.  Cost  of  establishments  for  the  manufacture  of  wool 
in  this  state,  including  land,  water-power,  buildings,  stock  in  trade  &c.,  is 
$263,000, 

The  exports  consist  chiefly  of  flaxseed,  lumber,  horses,  cattle,  beef,  pork, 
fish,  poultry,  onions,  butter,  cheese,  barley,  grain,  spirits,  and  cotton  and  linen 
goods.  They  amounted,  in  1829,  to  390,000  dollars. 

The  climate  of  this  state  is  as  healthy  as  that  of  any  part  of  America  ;  and 
it  is  more  temperate  than  the  climate  of  any  of  the  other  New  England  states, 
particularly  on  the  islands,  where  the  breezes  from  the  sea  have  the  effect  not 
only  to  mitigate  the  heat  in  summer,  but  to  moderate  the  cold  in  winter.  The 
summers  are  delightful,  especially  on  the  island  of  Rhode  Island. 

In  Rhode  Island  there  are  51  banks,  including  a  branch  of  the  United  States 
bank.:  of  which  11  are  in  Providence;  the  others  are  in  various  parts  of  the 
state.  The  amount  of  capital  stock  is  $6,732,296. 

Education  Brown  University  is  situated  at  Providence;  at  the  same  place 
'  there  is  a  seminary  styled  the  Friends'  Boarding  School ;  and  there 
are  8  or  10  academies  in  the  state.  Increasing  attention  has  of  late  been  paid 
to  education,  and  the  state  now  pays  annually,  for  the  support  of  free  schools, 
the  sum  of  $10,000,  which  is  divided  among  the  several  towns  according  to 
population. 

There  are  -in  the  state  10  periodical  papers. 

The  following  was  the  number  of  the  various  religious  denominations  in  this 
slate,  in  1831.  The  Baptists  had  16  churches,  12  ministers,  2,600  communi- 


RHODE  ISLAND.  (51 

cants;  the  Methodists,  10  preachers,  and  1,100  members,-  the  Congregation- 
alists,  10  churches,  10  ministers,  and  1,000  communicants;  the  Unitarians,  2 
societies,  and  2  ministers;  the  Sabbatarians,  about  1,000  communicants,  the 
Six-Principle  Baptists,  about  8  churches,  and  about  800  communicants ;  the 
Friends  are  considerably  numerous ;  and  there  are  some  Universalists,  and  1 
Roman  Catholic  church. 

The  settlement  of  this  state  was  commenced  at  Providence,  in  1636,  by  the 
celebrated  Roger  Williams,  a  minister  who  was  banished  from  Massachusetts 
on  account  of  his  religious  opinions ;  and  in  1638  the  settlement  of  the  island  of 
Rhode  Island  was  begun  by  William  Coddington,  John  Clarke,  and  others. 

In  1643,  Mr.  Williams  went  to  England,  and  obtained,  in  1764,  a  charter, 
by  which  the  settlements  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations  were 
united  under  one  government,  and  which  continued  in  force  till  1663,  when  a 
new  charter  was  granted  by  Charles  II.,  which  has  ever  since  formed  the  basis 
of  the  government. 

Rhode  Island  is  the  only  state  in  the  Union  which  is  without  a    Govem- 
written  constitution.  «««• 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  General  Assembly,  consisting  of  a 
Senate  and  a  House  of  Representatives. 

The  house  of  representatives  consists  of  72  members,  6  from  Newport,  4 
from  each  of  the  towns  of  Providence,  Portsmouth,  and  W7arwick,  and  two 
from  each  of  the  other  towns  in  the  state ;  and  they  are  elected  semi-annually 
in  April  and  August. 

The  senate  consists  of  10  members,  who  are  elected  annually  in  April. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  annually  in 
April.  A  lieutenant-governor  is  also  elected,  on  whom  the  executive  duties  de 
volve  in  case  of  the  office  of  governor  being  vacated. 

The  general  assembly  meets  four  times  a  year ;  at  Newport  on  the  firs* 
Wednesday  in  May,  (the  commencement  of  the  political  year,)  and  by  ad 
journment,  at  the  same  place,  in  June.  It  meets  on  the  last  Wednesday  in 
October,  alternately  at  Providence  and  South  Kingston ;  and  by  adjournment, 
in  January,  at  East  Greenwich,  Bristol,  or  Providence. 

The  judges  are  appointed  annually  by  the  general  assembly. 

This  state  sends  two  representatives  to  congress. 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  400  dollars. 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  RHODE  ISLAND. 

1.  What  is  the  length  and  breadth  of  Rhode  Island? 

2.  How  many  counties  does  it  contain  ? 

8.  What  was  the  total  population  of  the  state  in  1830  ? 

4.  What  was  the  increase  of  the  population  between  1820  and  1830? 

5.  Name  the  principal  rivers,  bays,  and  islands* 

6.  What  are  the  principal  towns  and  harbors  ? 

7.  Describe  the  face  of  the  country. 

8.  What  are  some  of  the  principal  productions! 
&  What  are  the  principal  minerals  ? 

10.  What  is  the  number  of  cotton  factories? 

11.  What  their  aggregate  capital  ? 

12.  How  much  cloth  do  they  make  annually? 

13.  How  many  banks  are  there  in  Rhode  Island? 

14.  How  many  of  these  are  in  Providence? 

15.  What  can  you  say  in  regard  to  education? 

16.  Which  is  the  most  numerous  denomination  of  Christians  in  this  state  t 

17.  What  is  said  in  regard  to  the  history  of  the  state  ? 


CONNECTICUT. 

18.  What  charter  now  forms  the  basis  of  the  government? 

19.  In  what  is  the  legislative  power  vested? 

20.  Of  what  does  the  house  of  representatives  consist  ? 

21.  Of  what  the  senate  ? 

22.  How  often  does  the  general  assembly  meet  ? 

23.  How  are  the  judges  appointed  ? 

24.  How  many  representatives  does  this  state  send  to  congress  ? 

25.  What  is  the  governor's  salary  ? 


CONNECTICUT. 


ARMS  OF  CONNECTICUT. 


CONNECTICUT  is  bounded  N.  by  Massachusetts ;  E.  by  Rhode  Island ;  S.  by 
Long  Island  Sound,  and  W.  by  New  York.     It  lies  between  41°  and  42°  2'  N. 


lat.  and  between  3°  16'  and  5°  11'  E.  longitude  from  Washington, 
miles  long,  70  broad,  and  contains  4,764  square  miles. 


It  is  90 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Dist.  from 
Hartford. 

Fairfield           sw 

42,739 

46,950 

(  Fairfield 
£  Danbury 

4,226 
4,311 

55 
61 

Hartford           nm 

47,264 

51,141 

HARTFORD 

7,076 

Litchfield          nw 

41,267 

42,855 

Litchfield 

4,456 

31 

Middlesex          sm 

22,405 

24,845 

(  Middletown 
I  Haddam 

6,892 
3,025 

14 

25 

New  Haven      sm 

39,616 

43,848 

NEW  HAVEX 

10,180 

34 

New  London     se 

35,943 

42,295 

J  New  London 
(  Norwich 

4,356 
3,144 

42 

38 

Tolland            nm 

14,330 

18,700 

Tolland 

1,698 

17 

Windham          ne 

25,331 

27,077 

Brooklyn 

1,413 

41 

8          Total 

275,248  |  297,711 

CONNECTICUT.  63 

Population  at  Different  Periods. 

Population.  Slave*. 

In  1790,  237,946 

1800,  251,002         Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  13,056         2,764 

1810,  261,942  1800      1810,  10,940  954 

1820,  275,248 1810      1820,  13,306  310 

1830,  297,711  1820      1830,  22,463  97 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Connecticut,  Housatonic,  Thames,  Farmington, 
and  Naugatuck.  The  principal  harbors  are  those  of  New  London  and  New 
Haven. 

Farmington  Canal  extends  from  New  Haven  to  the  northern  border  of  the 
state,  57  miles,  where  it  unites  with  the  Hampshire  and  Hampden  Canal,  which 
leads  to  Westfield,  and  it  is  to  be  continued  to  Northampton — whole  length, 
87  miles. 

Hartford,  New  Haven,  Middletown,  New  London,  and  Norwich  are  incor 
porated  cities ;  Bridgeport,  Danbury,  Guilford,  Killingworth,  Newtown,  Stam 
ford,  Stonington,  and  Waterbury,  boroughs. 

The  face  of  the  country  is  greatly  diversified  by  mountains,  hills  and  valleys. 
There  are  but  few  level  tracts,  nor  any  considerable  mountains.  The  greatest 
elevation  is  a  range  of  small  mountains  on  the  west  side  of  Connecticut  river, 
being  a  continuation  of  the  Green  Mountains.  The  hills  are  generally  of  mod 
erate  size,  and  occur  in  quick  succession,  presenting  to  the  traveller  an  ever- 
varying  prospect. 

The  soil  is  generally  rich  and  fertile,  though  intermixed  with  portions  that 
are  comparatively  thin  and  barren ;  and  the  whole  is  well  watered.  It  is  gen 
erally  in  a  state  of  good  cultivation,  resembling,  in  many  parts,  a  well  culti 
vated  garden.  The  principal  productions  are  Indian  corn,  rye,  wheat  in  many 
parts,  oats,  barley,  buckwheat,  flax  in  large  quantities,  some  hemp,  potatoes, 
pumpkins,  turnips,  peas,  beans,  &c.  Orchards  are  very  numerous,  and  cider 
is  made  for  exportation.  The  state  is,  however,  generally  better  adapted  to 
grazing  than  to  tillage ;  and  its  fine  meadows  and  pastures  enable  the  farmers 
to  feed  great  numbers  of  neat  cattle,  horses,  and  sheep.  The  quantity  of  but 
ter  and  cheese  made  annually  is  great,  and  of  well-known  excellence.  Beef 
and  pork  of  superior  quality,  are  also  abundant.  The  state  is  generally  laid 
out  in  small  farms,  from  50  to  300  and  400  acres.  It  is  intersected  by  numer 
ous  roads,  which  are  generally  kept  in  a  good  state  of  repair ;  and  is  the  third 
state  in  the  Union  in  point  of  dense  population,  containing  62  to  a  square  mile. 

Though  exposed  to  the  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  and  to  sudden  changes  of 
temperature,  the  country  is  very  healthful.  The  north-west  winds,  which  pre 
vail  during  the  winter,  are  keen,  but  the  serenity  of  the  sky  during  the  same 
season,  makes  amends,  in  some  degree,  for  the  severity  of  the  weather.  In 
the  maritime  towns,  the  weather  is  particularly  variable,  changing  as  the  wind 
blows  from  sea  or  land ;  in  the  inland  country  it  is  less  so. 

The  foreign  trade  of  this  state  is  principally  with  the  West  Indies :  but  its 
coasting  trade  is  the  most  considerable.  Its  exports  consist  of  beef,  pork,  cat 
tle,  horses,  mules,  butter,  cheese,  maize,  rye,  flax-seed,  fish,  candles,  and  soap. 
The  whole  amount,  in  1829,  was  458,000  dollars.  Almost  all  the  produce  of 
the  western  part  of  the  state  is  carried  to  New  York. 

Mines  of  different  kinds  have  been  found  in  this  state,  but  in  general  they 
have  not  been  wrought  to  any  considerable  extent.  There  is  a  lead  mine  on 
the  Connecticut,  two  miles  from  Middletown,  which  was  wrought  during  the 
revolutionary  war.  Copper  mines  have  been  discovered  and  opened  in  several 
places,  but  having  proved  unprofitable,  have  been  neglected.  Iron  mines 
abound  in  many  parts,  and  are  productive.  A  quarry  of  valuable  stone  is 
found  in  Chatham,  and  one  of  marble  in  Milford.  At  Stafford  is  a  mineral 
spring,  the  most  celebrated  in  New  England, 


64  CONNECTICUT. 

Connecticut  has  considerable  manufactures  of  various  descriptions,  consisting 
of  wool,  cotton,  paper,  iron  in  different  forms,  glass,  snuff,  powder,  buttons, 
hats,  clocks,  &c.  Tin-ware  is  extensively  manufactured,  and  sent  to  all  parts 
of  the  United  States. 

In  1832  there  were  in  the  state  94  cotton  manufactories,  with  a  capital  of 
$2,825,000,  making  annually  2,055,500  yards  of  cloth.  There  are,  likewise,, 
more  than  40  woollen  manufactories  in  this  state.  The  total  value  of  all  kinds 
of  manufactures  in  1830  was  $1,442,878. 

There  are  in  Connecticut  14  banks,  including  a  branch  of  the  United  State* 
Bank  at  Hartford.  The  amount  of  bank  stock  in  1830  was  $3,064,780. 

The  colleges  in  Connecticut  are  Yale  College,  at  New  Haven,  which 
has  connected  with  it  medical,  theological,  and  law  schools ;  Wash* 
ington  College,  at  Hartford;  and  Wesleyan  College  or  University,  recently 
founded  at  Middletown.  At  Hartford  is  the  American  Asylum  for  the  Educa 
tion  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb ;  and  there  are  other  respectable  literary  seminaries 
and  academies  at  New  Haven,  Hartford,  and  various  other  places. 

This  state  possesses  an  important  School  Fund,  which  was  derived  from  the 
sale  of  lands,  reserved  by  Connecticut,  in  the  state  of  Ohio,  and  which  amounted 
on  the  first  of  April,  1829,  to  $1,882,261  68.  The  income  of  this  fund  is 
appropriated  to  the  support  of  primary  schools.  In  the  year  ending  March  31, 
1829,  the  sum  of  $72,161  15  was  divided  among  the  different  free  schools 
throughout  the  state.  The  number  of  children  between  the  ages  of  4  and  16, 
in  1828,  was  84,899 ;  and  the  dividends  amounted  to  85  cents  to  each  child. 

The  number  of  periodical  presses  in  1831  was  30. 

Reiigiousde-  The  Congregationalists  have  236  ministers  and  36  licentiates;  the 
nominations.  Baptists,  99  churches,  78  ministers,  14  licentiates,  and  9,732  com 
municants  ;  the  Episcopalians,  59  ministers ;  the  Methodists,  40  ministers,  and 
7,000  communicants ;  there  are  also  several  societies  of  Friends,  several  of 
Universalists,  two  of  Unitarians,  one  of  Catholics,  one  of  Shakers  and  some 
Free-will  Baptists,  and  a  few  Sandemanians. 

The  territory  of  Connecticut  originally  comprised  two  colonies ;  the 
colony  of  Connecticut,  and  the  colony  of  New  Haven. 

The  settlement  of  Hartford,  in  the  colony  of  Connecticut,  was  commenced 
by  emigrants  from  Massachusetts,  in  1635;  and  that  of  New  Haves,  in  1638r 
by  emigrants  from  England. 

In  1662,  a  charter  was  granted  by  Charles  II.,  with  ample  privileges,  uniting 
the  colonies  of  Connecticut  and  New  Haven  under  one  government ;  but  the 
colony  of  New  Haven  refused,  for  some  time,  to  accept  the  charter,  and  the 
union  did  not  take  place  till  1665. 

The  charter  was  suspended,  in  1687,  by  Sir  Edmund  Andros;  but  it  was 
restored  again  after  the  revolution  of  1688  in  England;  and  it  formed  the 
basis  of  the  government  till  1818. 

Constitution     ^e  charter  granted  in  1662  by  Charles  II.,  formed  the  basis  of  the 
and  govern-  government  of  Connecticut  till  1818,  when  the  present  constitution 
was  framed.     The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  senate  and  house 
of  representatives,  which  together  are  styled  the  General  Assembly. 

The  members  of  the  house  of  representatives  are  chosen  by  the  different 
towns  in  the  state :  the  more  ancient  towns,  the  majority  of  the  whole  num 
ber,  send  each  two  representatives;  the  rest  only  one  each.  The  present 
number  is  208. 

The  senate  must  consist  of  not  less  than  18,  nor  more  than  24  members, 
who  are  chosen  by  districts.  The  present  number  is  21. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor.  A  lieutenant-governor  is  also 
chosen,  who  is  president  of  the  senate,-  and  on  whom  the  duties  of  the  governor 
devolve  in  case  of  his  death,  resignation,  or  absence. 


CONNECTICUT.  65 

The  representatives,  senators,  governor,  and  lieutenant-governor  are  all 
elected  annually  by  the  people  on  the  first  Monday  in  April. 

The  general  assembly  has  one  stated  session  every  year,  on  the  first  Wed 
nesday  in  May,  alternately  at  Hartford  (1831)  and  at  New  Haven  (1832). 

"  Every  white  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  who  shall  have  gained  a 
settlement  in  this  state,  attained  the  age  of  21  years,  and  resided  in  the  town 
in  which  he  may  offer  himself  to  be  admitted  to  the  privilege  of  an  elector,  at 
least  six  months  preceding,  and  have  a  freehold  estate  of  the  yearly  value  of 
seven  dollars,  in  this  state ;  or  having  been  enrolled  in  the  militia,  shall  have 
performed  military  duty  therein  for  the  term  of  one  year  next  preceding  the 
time  he  shall  offer  himself  for  admission,  or  being  liable  thereto,  shall  have 
been,  by  authority  of  law,  excused  therefrom ;  or  shall  have  paid  a  state  tax 
within  the  year  next  preceding  the  time  he  shall  present  himself  for  such  ad 
mission,  and  shall  sustain  a  good  moral  character,  shall,  on  his  taking  such  an 
oath  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  be  an  elector." 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court  of  Errors,  a  Superior  Court, 
and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  general  assembly  may,  from  time  to  time, 
establish.  The  judges  are  appointed  by  the  general  assembly ;  and  those  of 
the  Supreme  and  Superior  Courts  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior ;  but 
not  beyond  the  age  of  70  years. 

No  person  is  compelled  to  join,  or  support,  or  to  be  classed  with,  or  associ 
ated  to  any  congregation,  church,  or  religious  association.  But  every  person 
may  be  compelled  to  pay  his  proportion  of  the  expenses  of  the  society  to  which 
he  may  belong :  he  may,  however,  separate  himself  from  the  society  by  leaving 
a  written  notice  of  his  wish  with  the  clerk  of  such  society* 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  1100  dollars. 

This  state  sends  six  representatives  to  congress. 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  CONNECTICUT. 

1.  How  is  Connecticut  bounded? 

2.  What  was  the  population  in  1830? 

3.  How  many  counties  does  it  contain  ? 

4.  Which  is  the  most  populous  city  ? 

5.  What  is  said  of  the  Farmington  Canal  ? 

6.  What  is  said  of  the  face  of  the  country  ? — Soil  and  productions  ? 

7.  How  does  Connecticut  rank  in  point  of  a  dense  population  ? 

8.  What  are  its  principal  exports? — What  was  the  amount  in  1829? 

9.  Mention  the  principal  articles  manufactured. 

10.  How  many  cotton  manufactories  were  there  in  1832? 

11.  What  was  the  amount  of  capital  employed  in  them? 

12.  How  many  yards  of  cloth  do  they  make  annually? 

13.  How  many  banks  are  there  in  Connecticut? 

14.  Mention  the  principal  literary  institutions. 

15.  What  was  the  amount  of  the  school  fund  in  1829? 

16.  From  what  was  the  school  fund  derived? 

17.  Which  denomination  of  Christians  is  the  most  numerous? 

18.  What  can  you  say  of  the  history  of  the  state? 

19.  What  formed  the  basis  of  the  government  of  Connecticut  till  1818? 

20.  When  is  the  annual  election  for  governor,  senators,  and  representatives  ? 

21.  When  and  how  often  does  the  general  assembly  meet? 

22.  What  is  a  necessary  qualification  for  an  elector  ? 

23.  What  is  the  governor's  salary  ? 

24.  How  many  representatives  does  Connecticut  send  to  congress  ? 


66 


NEW  YORK. 

NEW  YORK. 


ARMS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

NEW  YORK  is  the  most  northern  of  the  middle  states,  and  the  most  populous 
state  in  the  Union.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  lake  Ontario,  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
Lower  Canada ;  E.  by  Vermont,  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut ;  S.  by  the 
Atlantic,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania ;  W.  by  Pennsylvania,  Lake  Erie,  and 
the  Niagara.  Between  30°  45'  and  45°  N.  latitude;  and  2°  51'  W.  and  5° 
E.  longitude  from  Washington.  Length,  316  miles.  Breadth,  304.  Con 
taining  47,000  square  miles.  Population  to  a  square  mile,  40. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

South  District. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Distance 
fr.  Albany. 

Columbia             e 

38,330 

39,952 

Hudson 

5,395 

29 

Duchess             se 

46,615 

50,926 

Poughkeepsie 

7,222 

75 

Greene              em 

22,996 

29,525 

Catskill 

4,861 

34 

King's                  5 

11,187 

20,537 

Flatbush 

1,143 

156 

New  York           s 

123,706 

203,007 

New  York 

203,007 

151 

Orange                s 

41,213 

45,372 

(  Goshen 
$  Newburgh 

3,361 
6,424 

105 
96 

Putnam              se 

11,268 

12,701 

Carmel 

2,379 

106 

Queen's               5 

21,519 

22,276 

N.  Hempstead 

174 

Richmond            s 

6,135 

7,084 

Richmond 

167 

Rockland             s 

8,837 

9,388 

Clarkstown 

2,298 

122 

Suffolk                se 

24,272 

26,980 

Suffolk  C.  H. 

225 

Sullivan               s 

8,900 

12,372 

Vfonticello 

113 

tiister               sm 

30,934 

36,551 

Kingston 

4,170 

58 

Westchester       se 

32,638 

36,456 

Bedford 

2,750 

135 

14  Total  S.  Dist. 

428,550 

537,041 

NEW  YORK. 


67 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.—  Continued. 

North  District. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Distance 
ft.  Albany. 

Albany              em 

38,116 

53,560 

ALBANY 

24,238 

Alleghany        wm 

9,330 

26,218 

Angelica 

998 

256 

Broome             sm 

11,100 

17,582 

Binghampton 

1,203 

145 

Cattaraugus     wm 

4,090 

16,726 

Ellicottsville 

626 

292 

Cayuga               m 

38,897 

47,947 

Auburn 

4,486 

166 

Chatauque          w 

12,568 

34,057 

Mayville 

336 

Chenango         sm 

31,215 

37,404 

Norwich 

3,774 

110 

Clinton               ne 

12,070 

19,344 

Plattsburg 

4,913 

162 

Cortland             m 

16,507 

23,693 

Cortlandville 

3,573 

142 

Delaware          sm 

26,587 

32,933 

Delhi 

2,114 

77 

Erie                     w 

15,668 

35,710 

Buffalo 

8,653 

284 

Essex                 ne 

12,811 

19,387 

Elizabethtown 

1,729 

126 

Franklin              n 

4,439 

11,312 

Malone 

2,207 

212 

Genesee              w 

39,835 

51,992 

Batavia 

4,271 

244 

Hamilton            m 

1,251 

1,324 

Wells 

340 

72 

Herkimer            m 

31,017 

55,869 

Herkimer 

2,486 

80 

Jefferson           nw 

32,952 

48,515 

Watertown 

4,768 

160 

Lewis                nm 

9,227 

14,958 

Martinsburgh 

2,382 

129 

Livingston       wm 

19,196 

27,719 

Geneseo 

2,675 

226 

Madison              m 

32,208 

39,037 

(  Cazenovia 
(  Morrisville 

113 
101 

Monroe            wm 

26,529 

49,862 

Rochester 

9,269 

219 

Montgomery     em 

27,569 

43,595 

Johnstown 

7,700 

45 

Niagara              w 

7,322 

18,485 

Lockport 

2,022 

288 

C  Utica 

8,323 

96 

Oneida                m 

50,997 

71,326 

<  Rome 

4,360 

107 

(  Whitesboro' 

100 

Onondaga           m 

41,461 

58,974 

Syracuse 

133 

Ontario            wm 

35,312 

40,167 

Canandaigua 

5,162 

195 

Orleans            wm 

7,625 

18,485 

Albion 

257 

Oswego            wm 

12,374 

27,104 

Oswego 
Richland 

2,703 
2,733 

167 
153 

Otsego                m 

44,856 

51,372 

Cooperstown 

1,115 

66 

Rensselaer           e 

40,153 

49,472 

Troy 

11,405 

6 

Saratoga           em 

36,052 

36,616 

Ballston 

2,113 

29 

St.  Lawrence    nw 

16,037 

36,351 

Potsdam 

3,650 

216 

Schenectady     em 

13,081 

12,334 

Schenectady 

4,258 

15 

Schoharie           m 

23,154 

27,910 

Schoharie 

5,146 

32 

Seneca             wm 

17,773 

21,031 

(Ovid 
{  Waterloo 

2,756 

1,837 

171 
173 

Steuben           swm 

21,989 

33,975 

Bath 

3,387 

216 

Tioga             swm 

14,716 

27,704 

$  Elmira 
I  Owego 

2,962 
3,080 

198 
167 

Tompkins       swm 

26,178 

36,545 

Ithaca 

5,270 

163 

Warren            em 

9,453 

11,795 

Caldwell 

797 

62 

Washington         e 

38,831 

42,615 

Salem 
Sandy  Hill 

2,972 

46 
50 

Wayne            wm 

20,319 

33,555 

Lyons 
Palmyra 

3,603 
3,434 

181 

196 

Yates               wm 

11,025 

19,019 

Penn  Yan 

185 

42     Total  Worth  Dist. 

944,262 

1,366,467 

56      Total  of  JV.  York 

.... 

1,913,508,  of  whom  46  are  slaves. 

68 


l  Lake  Erie 
Buffalo 

Tonnewanta  Cr 

Pendleton 
I  Lockport 

i  Middltport 
Road  under  can. 
Newport 

Brockport 

i  Rochester 
'  Pittsfietd 
Grt.  Embankment 

Palmyra 

--Newark 
i  Lyons 

Clyde 

\  Montezuma 
Weedsport 
^Jordan 

i  Otisco 
Syracuse 


NEW  YORK. 

Population  at  Different  Periods. 

Population.       Increase  from  Slaves. 

In  1790,     340,120  21,324 

1800,  586,050  1790  to  1800,  245,930  20,613 
1810,  959,049  1800  1810,  372,999  15,017 
1820,  1,372,812  1810  1820,  413,763  10,088 
1825,  1,616,458 

1830,  1,913,508  1820      1830,  540,696  46 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Hudson,  Mohawk,  St. 
Lawrence,  Delaware,  Susquehanna,  Tioga,  Allegha- 
ny,  Genesee,  Oswego,  Niagara,  Tonnewanta,  Black, 
Oswegatchie,  St.  Regis,  Racket,  Salmon,  and  Sara- 
nac.  A  part  of  the  lakes  Erie,  Ontario,  and  Cham- 
plain,  belongs  to  New  York.  The  other  lakes  in 
this  state  are,  lakes  George,  Cayuga,  Seneca,  Oneida, 
Oswegatchie,  Canandaigua,  Chatauque,  Skeneatiles, 
and  several  smaller  ones. 

New  York  State  Canals. 


'JVeto  Boston 
OntidaCr. 


Romt 


Utica 


^  Steel's  Or. 
German  Flats 


Fall  Hill 
Little  Falls 


Canajoharie 
Anthony's  Jfose 

\Schoharie 

^  Flint  Hilt 
Plattskill  J3q. 
Schenectady 

Wat  Hvit,  Gap 
Cahoot  Falls 

Cfiamptain  Canal 
Albany 
Hudson  River 


Length.             Total  cost. 
Erie  Canal                 363  miles.  $9,027,456  95 
Champlain                  63      «        1,179,871  05 
Oswego                        38      "           525,115  37 
Cayuga  &  Seneca      20      "           214,000  31 

Tolls  in  1831. 
$1,091.714  26 
102,896  23 
16,271  10 
12,920  39 

$1,223,801  98 

The  Erie  Canal,  which  forms  a  communication 
between  the  Hudson  and  lake  Erie,  extending  from 
Albany  to  Buffalo,  is  the  most  magnificent  work  of 
the  kind  in  America,  and  is  much  longer  than  any 
canal  in  Europe. 

The  Champlain  Canal,  which  forms  a  communi 
cation  between  the  Hudson  and  lake  Champlain,  is 
63  miles  long,  and  extends  from  Whitehall  to  Water- 
vliet,  where  it  unites  with  the  Erie  Canal. 

The  Oswego  Canal  extends  from  Oswego  to  Salina, 
38  miles,  and  unites  lake  Ontario  with  the  Erie  Canal. 

The  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal,  formed  by  the 
Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  Company,  extends  from 
the  Hudson  to  the  Delaware,  60  miles  ;  thence  up  the 
Delaware,  22  miles ;  thence  up  the  valley  of  the 
Lackawaxen  to  Honesdale,  24  miles;  total  length, 
106  miles :  average  cost,  about  $15,000  a  mile. 

The  debt  on  account  of  canals,  on  the  1st  of  Jan 
uary,  1832,  was  8,055,645  dollars. 

The  following  are  the  principal  cities  and  towns : 
New  York,  Albany,  Utica,  Hudson,  Troy,  and  Sche 
nectady,  cities ;  Newburgh,  Poughkeepsie,  Cattskill, 
Athens,  Lansingburgh,  Waterford,  and  Sandy  Hill, 
on  the  Hudson ;  Cooperstown,  Goshen,  Cherry  Val 
ley,  Sacket's  Harbor,  Oswego,  Auburn,  Skeneatiles, 
Geneva,  Canandaigua,  Rochester,  and  Buffalo,  west 
of  the  Hudson ;  Plattsburg,  on  Lake  Champlain,  and 
Brooklyn  and  Sag-Harbor,  on  Long  Island. 

The  surface  of  the  eastern  part  of  the  state  of  New 
York,  is  greatly  diversified;  there  are  some  level 
tracts  ^  but  the  greater  part  is  hilly,  or  mountainous. 
The  Catskill  mountains  are  the  principal  range  in  the 
state.  There  are  numerous  summits  west  of  Lake 


NEW  YORK.  C9 

Champlain,  the  highest  of  which  is  estimated  at  nearly  3,000  feet  above  the 
lake.  The  western  part  of  the  state  is  mostly  a  level,  or  moderately  uneven 
country ;  but  towards  the  Pennsylvania  line  it  becomes  hilly  and  broken. 

A  great  part  of  this  state  has  a  good  soil,  and  a  considerable  portion  is  cele 
brated  for  its  fertility.  Much  of  the  country  is  excellent  for  grazing ;  and  a 
great  proportion  is  exceedingly  well  adapted  to  raising  grain,  and  to  the  vari 
ous  purposes  of  agriculture.  The  level  tracts  in  the  western  part  have  a  deep 
rich  soil,  and  yield  abundant  crops  of  Indian  corn,  wheat,  &c.  A  considerable 
part  of  the  state  is  under  good  cultivation,  particularly  the  west  end  of  Long 
Island,  and  the  counties  of  West-Chester  and  Duchess. 

Wheat  is  raised  in  greater  abundance  than  any  other  kind  of  grain.  Indian 
corn,  rye,  oats,  flax,  hemp,  peas,  beans,  various  kinds  of  grass,  &c.,  are  ex 
tensively  cultivated.  Orchards  are  abundant,  and  great  quantities  of  excellent 
cider  are  made.  Various  other  kinds  of  fruit  flourish  well,  as  pears,  peaches 
in  the  southern  part,  plums,  cherries,  &c. 

Iron  ore  is  found  in  great  abundance,  in  various  parts.  Gypsum,  limestone, 
marble,  slate,  lead,  &c.,  occur  in  different  places.  Salt  springs  are  found  in 
the  counties  of  Onondaga,  Cayuga,  Seneca,  Ontario,  Genesee,  and  Oneida. 
These  springs  supply  1,441,558  bushels  of  salt  annually,  and  the  manufacture 
may  be  extended  to  any  desirable  quantity.  The  mineral  waters  of  New  York 
are  the  most  celebrated  in  America.  The  waters  of  Saratoga  and  Ballston 
are  visited  from  all  parts  of  the  Union.  New  Lebanon  Springs  are  much  re 
sorted  to  for  bathing.  Sulphur  springs  are  numerous ;  of  these  Clifton  springs 
at  Farmington,  are  the  most  noted.  Oil  springs,  which  produce  Seneca  oil, 
are  found  in  Cataraugus  and  Alleghany  counties. 

There  are  many  natural  curiosities  in  this  state;  the  most  celebrated  of 
which  is  the  great  cataract  of  Niagara.  Baker's  and  Glen's  Falls  on  the 
Hudson,  Adgate  Falls  on  Sable  river,  the  Cohoes  on  the  Mohawk,  and  the  falls 
on  the  Genesee,  Salmon  river,  Fall  Creek,  Black  river,  and  West  Canada 
Creek,  are  all  objects  of  interest.  The  passage  of  the  Hudson  through  the 
Highlands,  Rockbridge  in  Chester,  Split  Rock  on  Lake  Champlain,  the  Ridge 
road  extending  from  the  Genesee  to  Lewiston,  and  the  scenery  around  Lake 
George,  are  all  regarded  as  curiosities. 

Not  long  since  there  was  discovered  on  the  north  bank  of  Black  river,  op 
posite  to  the  village  of  Watertown,  an  extraordinary  cavern,  the  mouth  of 
which  is  about  10  rods  from  the  river.  It  has  been  but  partially  explored,  al 
though  it  is  said  to  have  been  traversed  to  "the  distance  of  more  than  100 
rods.  It  is  of  vast  extent,  comprising  a  great  number  of  spacious  rooms,  halls, 
and  chambers,  with  immense  quantities  of  calcareous  concretions  in  different 
states,  from  the  consistence  of  lime  mortar  to  that  of  the  most  beautiful  sta 
lactites  as  hard  as  marble-  The  mouth  of  the  cavern  is  a  small  hollow,  about 

5  feet  below  the  surrounding  surface  of  the  earth.     You  then  descend  16£  feet 
into  a  room,  about  16  feet  by  20,  and  8  feet  high ;  and  behold  in  front  of  you 
a  large  table  rock,  12  or  14  feet  square,  2  thick,  and  elevated  about  4  feet 
from  the  bottom  of  the  cavern ;  the  roof  over-head  is  covered  with  stalactites, 
some  of  which  reach  to  the  rock.    On  your  left  hand  is  an  arched  way  of  150 
feet,  and  on  your  right  is  another  arched  way,  6  feet  broad  at  the  bottom,  and 

6  high,  leading  into  a  large  room.    Passing  by  this  arch  about  20  feet,  you  ar 
rive  at  another,  which  leads  into  a  hall  10  feet  wide,  and  100  long,  from  5  to 
8  high,  supported  by  pillars  and  arches,  and  the  side  bordered  with  curtains, 
plaited  in  variegated  forms,  as  white  as  snow.     Near  the  middle  of  this  hall 
an  arched  way  extends  through,  which,  like  the  hall,  is  bordered  with  curtains, 
hung  over  with  stalactites.     Returning  into  the  hall,  you  pass  through  another 
arch  into  a  number  of  rooms  on  the  left  hand,  curtained,  and  having  stalac 
tites  hanging  from  the  roof.     You  then  descend  10  feet  into  a  chamber  about 
20  feet  square,  2  high,  curtained  in  like  manner,  and  hung  over  with  stalac- 


70  NEW  YORK. 

tites.  In  one  corner  of  this  chamber,  a  small  mound  is  formed,  about  12  feet 
in  diameter,  rising  3  feet  from  the  floor ;  the  top  of  which  is  hollow  and  full  of 
water,  from  the  drippings  of  stalactites  above,  some  of  which  reach  near  to 
the  basin. 

The  number  and  spaciousness  of  the  rooms,  curtained  and  plaited  with  large 
plaits,  extending  along  the  walls  from  2  or  3  feet  from  the  roof,  of  the  most 
perfect  whiteness,  resembling  the  most  beautiful  tapestry ;  the  large  drops  of 
water  which  are  constantly  suspended  from  the  roofs  above ;  the  columns  of 
spar  resting  on  pedestals,  which  in  some  places  seem  to  be  formed  to  support 
the  arches ;  the  reflection  of  the  lights,  and  the  great  extent  and  variety  of  the 
scenery  of  this  wonderful  cavern,  form  altogether  one  of  the  most  pleasing 
and  interesting  scenes  of  the  kind  ever  beheld  by  the  eye  of  man. 

The  exports  of  New  York  exceed  those  of  any  other  state  in  the  Union,  and 
amounted,  in  1829,  to  20,119,000  dollars.  They  consist  of  beef,  pork,  wheat, 
flour,  Indian  corn,  rye,  butter,  cheese,  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  flaxseed,  peas, 
beans,  horses,  cattle,  lumber,  &c. 

Manufac-       There  were  in  this  state  in  1831,  208  woollen  manufactories,  and 
tures.     the  totai  value  of  woollens  manufactured  annually  was  estimated  at 
$2,500,000.     The  number  of  iron  works  in  the  state  is  over  200,  and  the 
total  value  of  all  manufactures  of  iron  is  estimated  at  $4,000,000. 

There  are  in  the  state  of  New  York,  (1832,)  112  cotton  manufactories. 

Amount  of  capital  invested, $4,485,500 

Value  of  goods  manufactured  annually, . 3,530,250 

Pounds  of  cotton  used  annually, 7,961,670 

Equal  to  26,538  bales,  of  300  Ibs.  each. 

Number  of  spindles  in  use, 157,316 

Number  of  persons  employed  and  sustained  by  said  establishments,  15,971 

The  following  will  give  some  idea  of  the  amount  of  several  of  the  principal 
manufactures  in  this  state  made  annually. 

Woollens $2,500,000 

Cottons 3,520,250 

Iron  and  manufactures 4,000,000 

Paper 700,000 

Leather 3,458,650 

Hats 3,500,000 

Boots  and  shoes,  deducting  leather 3,000,000 

Window  glass . '. 200,000 

Domestic  articles  made  in  families 4,823,831 


$25,702,731 

Onondaga  Salt  Springs. — On  the  borders  of  Onondaga  lake  there  are  val 
uable  saline  springs,  which  are  the  property  of  the  state,  and  from  which  salt 
in  large  quantities,  is  manufactured.  The  water  yields  salt  at  the  rate  of  one 
bushel  to  45  gallons.  The  salt  is  made  at  the  villages  of  Salina,  Syracuse, 
Liverpool,  and  Geddes. 

Bushels.  Duties. 

Quantity  of  salt  inspected  in  1826,  827,508  $68,825.33 

Do.                   do.                  1827,  983,410  126,942.41 

Do.                   do.                  1828,  1,160,888  131,959.32 

Do.                   do.                  1829,  1,404,800 

In  the  state  of  New  York  are  67  banks,  January  1832,  including  3  branches 
of  the  United  States  bank ;  19  of  which  are  in  the  city  of  New  York,  5  at  Al 
bany,  3  at  Troy,  2  at  Rochester,  and  the  others  are  in  various  parts  of  the 
state,  only  one  in  a  place.     Total  capital  $27,133,460. 


NEW  YORK.  71 

Education  *^ie  Prmcipal  literary  seminaries  in  this  state  are  Columbia  Col- 
'  lege,  in  the  city  of  New  York  ;  Union  College,  at  Schenectady ;  Ham- 
ilton  College,  at  Clinton ;  Geneva  College,  at  Geneva  ;  the  Medical  Colleges  in 
New  York  city  and  at  Fairfield  ;  the  Theological  Seminaries  in  New  York  city, 
at  Auburn,  Hartwick,  and  Hamilton ;  the  Polytechny,  at  Chittenango ;  the 
Albany  Academy,  and  about  50  other  academies. 

Summary  of  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools, 

January y  1832. 

Organized  counties 55 

Towns  and  wards 793 

School  districts 9,383 

Those  that  have  made  reports 8,835 

Whole  number  of  scholars  taught  in  the  common  schools 506,887 

Whole  number  of  children  between  5  and  16  in  the  districts  from 

which  reports  have  been  received 509,731 

Increase  of  children  taught  in  1831 7,463 

Increase  of  number  of  districts 270 

Average  number  of  months  in  the  year  in  which  scholars  are  taught 8 

Amount  of  school  moneys  received  in  the  several  districts  in  the  state,  viz. — 

From  the  state  treasury $100,000  00 

Town  taxes  and  local  funds 144,886  09 

244,886  09 

Amount  paid  for  teachers'  wages  over  and  above  the  public 

money 372,692  00 


Total  paid  teachers $617,578  09 

The  productive  capital  of  the  School  Fund,  is  $1,704,159  40. 

Newspapers  are  now  published  in  all  the  organized  counties  of  the  state,, 
except  Putnam,  Richmond,  and  Rockland,  which  counties  are  supplied  with 
New  York  city  and  other  papers. 

The  daily  papers  are  18  in  number^  viz.  13.  printed  ia  the  city  of  New 
York,  4  in  Albany,  and  1  in  Rochester* 

In  the  city  of  New  York  64  papers  are  published",,  viz.. 

Whole  number  issued  at  each  publication.          Annually. 

13  Daily 13,200 (average,  1400) 5,623,80a 

12  Semi- weekly 19,200 (average,  1600) ....  1,996,800 

33  Weekly 56,000 2,912,000 

3  Semi-monthly 3,000 72^000* 

3  Monthly 2,000 24,000 


64  Papers.     Total  number  of  sheets  printed  annually,.  .10,628,600 
194  Probable  number  issued  in  other  parts  of  the  state,  . .  .5,400,000 


258  Total..  16,028,600 

The  Presbyterians  have  5  synods,  29  presbyteries,  587  churches ,.Reli  iougdte 
486  ministers,  124  licentiates,  and  54,093  commumcaats ;  the  nomina- 
Dutch  Reformed,  148  churches,  111  ministers,  7  licentiates,  and  tions' 1831' 
8,672  communicants;  the  Associate  Synod  of  N.  A.,  15  congregations 
13  ministers,  and  1,668  communicants;  the  Methodists,  73,174  members;  the 
Baptists,  549  churches,  387  ministers,  and  43,565  communicants ;  the  Episco 
palians,  129  ministers ;  the  Lutherans,  27  ministers,  and  2,973  communicants; 
the  Roman  Catholics,  Friends,  and  Universalists  are  considerably  numerous ; 
the  Unitarians  have  5  societies  and  2  ministers,  and  there  are  some  Shakers, 
and  some  United  Brethren, 


72  NEW  YORK. 

Comparative  view  of  the  number  of  Clergy  in  the  State  in  1819  and  1832. 

No.  in  1819.  No.  in  1832. 

Presbyterians  and  Congregationalists 328 460 

Episcopalians 83 143 

Baptists 139 310 

Reformed  Dutch 105 98 

Methodists 90 357 

Lutherans 16 13 

Other  denominations,  not  enumerated  in  1819 89 

Total 761  1470 

The  settlement  of  this  state  was  commenced  by  the  Dutch,  in 
1614,  who  named  the  country  New  Netherlands,  and  established  a 
colonial  government  in  1629.  In  1664,  Charles  II.  of  England  granted  to 
his  brother,  the  duke  of  York,  a  patent  for  a  large  tract  of  country,  forming 
the  present  states  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey ;  and  during  the  same  year, 
colonel  Nicolls,  with  a  considerable  force,  in  the  service  of  the  duke,  made  a 
conquest  of  the  country ;  and  the  name  of  New  Netherlands  was  afterwards 
changed  into  New  York.  In  1673,  the  colony  was  recaptured  by  the  Dutch, 
and  held  by  them  a  few  months ;  but,  with  the  exception  of  this  short  period, 
it  was  in  the  possession  of  the  English  from  1664  till  the  American  Revolu 
tion,  in  1775. 

constitution     ^e  P1*68611*  constitution  of  the  state  of  New  York  was  formed  in 
and  govern- 1821.     The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected 

ment-  by  the  people  every  two  years ;  and,  at  the  same  time,  a  lieutenant- 
governor  is  also  chosen,  who  is  president  of  the  senate,  and  on  whom,  in  case 
of  the  impeachment,  resignation,  death,  or  absence  of  the  governor  from  office, 
the  powers  and  duties  of  governor  devolve. 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  senate  of  32  members,  who  are  chosen 
for  four  years,  and  an  assembly  of  128  members,  who  are  elected  annually; 
and  these  bodies  united  are  styled  The  Legislature. 

For  the  election  of  the  senators,  the  state  is  divided  into  eight  districts,  each 
being  entitled  to  choose  four  senators,  one  of  whom  is  elected  every  year.  The 
members  of  the  assembly  are  chosen  by  counties,  and  are  apportioned  accord 
ing  to  population. 

The  election  of  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  senators,  and  members  of  the 
assembly,  is  held  at  such  time  in  the  month  of  October  or  November,  as  the 
legislature  may  by  law  provide. 

The  political  year  commences  on  the  first  day  of  January ;  and  the  legisla 
ture  meets  annually  (at  Albany)  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  January,  unless  a 
different  day  is  appointed  by  law. 

The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  suffrage,  in  the  election  of  public  officers, 
to  every  white  male  citizen,  of  the  age  of  21  years,  who  has  been  an  inhabitant 
of  the  state  one  year  next  preceding  any  election,  and,  for  the  preceding  six 
months,  a  resident  in  the  county  where  he  may  offer  his  vote ;  but  no  man  of 
color  is  entitled  to  vote  unless  he  is  possessed  of  a  freehold  estate  of  the  value 
of  250  dollars,  without  any  encumbrance. 

The  chancellor  and  judges  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  the  consent 
of  the  senate.  The  chancellor  and  justices  of  the  supreme  and  circuit  courts 
hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  or  until  they  attain  the  age  of  60  years. 
The  judges  of  the  county  courts,  or  courts  of  common  pleas,  are  appointed  for 
a  term  of  five  years. 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  $4,000.  This  state  sends  40  representa 
tives  to  congress 


NEW  YORK.  73 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  NEW  YORK. 

1.  How  is  New  York  bounded? 

2.  How  many  square  miles  does  it  contain  ? — 3.  How  many  counties  1 

4.  What  was  the  total  population  in  1830  ? 

5.  How  many  were  slaves  ? 

6.  Mention  the  principal  rivers  and  lakes. 

7.  Mention  the  canals  in  New  York,  length,  and  their  cost  ? 

8.  What  can  you  say  of  the  Erie  canal  ? — 9.  Champlain  1 

10.  Delaware  and  Hudson? — Principal  cities  and  towns? 

11.  Describe  the  face  of  the  country. — 12.  Soil. 

13.  What  is  said  of  the  different  kinds  of  grain? 

14.  How  many   bushels   of  salt  do  the  salt  springs   of  the   state  supply 
annually  ? 

15.  What  was  the  amount  of  exports  in  1829? 

16.  What  do  the  exports  consist  of? 

17.  What  was  the  number  of  woollen  manufactures  in  the  state  in  1831  ? 

18.  What  the  value  of  woollens  manufactured  annually? 

19.  What  is  the  number  of  iron  works? 

20.  What  is  the  value  of  all  the  manufactures  of  iron? 

21.  Give  an^  account  of  the  manufacture  of  cotton. 

22.  Can  you  mention  the  annual  amount  of  the  principal  manufactures  in 
the  state  ? 

23.  How  many  banks  were  there  in  the  state,  January  1832  ? 

24.  Mention  the  principal  literary  seminaries. 

25.  How  many  scholars  were  taught  in  the  common  schools  of  the  state 
in  1831  ? 

26.  What  was  the  total  number  of  clergy  in  1832? 

27.  Can  you  give  a  short  history  of  the  state  ? 

28.  When  was  the  present  constitution  of  the  state  formed  ? 

29.  In  whom  is  the  executive  power  of  the  state  vested  ? 

30.  What  is  said  of  the  legislative  power  ? 

31.  Into  how  many  districts  is  the  state  divided  for  the  election  of  senators? 

32.  When  does  the  political  year  commence  ? 

33.  To  whom  does  the  constitution  grant  the  right  of  suffrage  ? 

34.  What  is  the  governor's  salary  ? 

35.  How  many  representatives  does  the  state  send  to  congress  ? 


K 


74 


NEW  JERSEV. 

NEW  JERSEY. 


ARMS  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 

NEW  JERSEY  is  bounded  N.  by  New  York ;  E.  by  the  Atlantic  and  by 
Hudson  river,  which  separates  it  from  New  York ;  S.  by  Delaware  bay,  and 
W.  by  Delaware  river,  which  separates  it  from  Pennsylvania..  It  extends  from 
long.  1°  26'  to  3°  9'  E.  from  Washington,  and  from  lat.  39°  to  41°  24'  N. 
It  is  160  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  contains  8,320  square  miles,  or 
5,324,000  acres. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820.    |    Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Trenton. 

Bergen,              ne 

18,178 

22,414 

Hackensack 

63 

Burlington,         m 

28,822 

31,066 

Mount  Holly 

21 

Cape  May,         se 

4,265 

4,945 

Cape  May  C.  H. 

102 

Cumberland,        s 

12,668 

14,091 

Bridgetown 

69 

Essex,              nm 

30,793 

41,928 

Newark 

49 

Gloucester,       sm 

23,039 

28,431 

Wood  bury 

39 

C   T^i?  T7<\rfrmvr 

Hunterdon,      wm 

28,604 

31,066 

\     _L  IviiixV  A  UJM 

^  Flemington 

23 

Middlesex,          m 

21,470 

23,157 

New  Brunswick 

27 

Monmouth,          e 

25,038 

29,233 

Freehold 

36 

Morris,              nm 

21,368 

23,580 

Morristown 

55 

Salem,               sw 

14,022 

14,155 

Salem 

65 

Somerset,           m 

16,506 

17,689 

Somerville 

33 

Sussex,             nw 

32,752 

20,349 

Newton 

70 

Warren,           nw 

18,634 

Belvidere 

54 

14         Total 

277,575 

320,779,  of  whom  2,446  are  s 

laves. 

Population. 

In  1790  184,139 
1800  211,149 
1810  245,562 
1820  277,575 
1830  320,779 


Population  at  different  periods. 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  27,010 

1800      1810,  34,413 

1810      1820,  32,013 

1820      1830,  42,204 


Slaves. 

11,423 

12,422 

10,851 

7,557 

2,446 


NEW  JERSEY.  75 

Delaware  river  separates  this  state  from  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Hudson  forms 
the  northern  part  of  the  eastern  boundary.  The  other  most  considerable  rivers 
are  the  Raritan,  Passaic,  Hackensack,  Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  and 
Musconetcunk. 

Trenton  is  the  seat  of  government.  The  other  most  considerable  towns  are 
Newark,  New  Brunswick,  Elizabethtown,  Burlington,  and  Amboy. 

The  Morris  Canal  is  intended  to  connect  the  Delaware  and  Hudson  rivers, 
and  to  extend  from  Easton  to  Jersey  City.  The  whole  line  from  Easton  on  the 
Delaware,  to  Newark  on  the  Passaic,  is  finished.  The  remaining  part,  from 


PROFILE  VIEW  OF  THE  MORRIS  CANAL. 

Newark  to  Jersey  City  is  about  11  miles  long.  Hopatcong  lake,  at  the  summit 
level,  being  about  900  feet  above  tide-water,  supplies  the  canal  with  water 
throughout.  The  whole  expense  is  estimated  at  a  little  upwards  of  $1,100,000. 

The  Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal,  which  is  to  extend  from  New  Brunswick 
on  the  Raritan  to  Lamberton  on  the  Delaware  below  Trenton,  a  distance  of  28 
miles,  is  in  progress,  and  will  probably  be  finished  in  1833.  This  will  be  a 
source  of  great  internal  improvement.  It  is  7  feet  deep,  and  75  feet  wide  at 
the  water-line. 

Charters  for  several  rail-roads  have  been  granted  by  the  legislature  within 
two  years,  the  state  having  reserved  the  right  to  levy  a  transit  duty  upon  the 
goods,  &c.  transported  upon  them,  which  is  expected  to  yield  to  the  state  a 
large  revenue,  when  the  works  shall  be  completed. 

The  most  important  of  these  enterprises  is  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Rail 
road,  the  charter  of  which  was  granted  in  1829,  and  which  is  to  extend  from 
Amboy  to  Camden,  a  distance  of  61  miles.  The  part  of  this  rail-road  which 
extends  from  Amboy  to  Bordentown,  34  miles  in  length,  and  having  a  devia 
tion  of  only  f  of  a  mile  in  the  whole  distance  from  a  right  line,  is  expected  to 
be  completed  in  1832.  The  other  part  of  the  rail-road,  from  Bordentown  to 
Camden,  a  distance  of  27  miles,  is  expected  to  be  finished  early  in  the  summer 
of  1833. 

The  Paterson  and  Hudson  River  Rail-road  is  to  extend  from  Paterson  to 
Jersey  City,  a  distance  of  14  miles.  The  stock  has  been  taken  up,  and  the 
work  commenced.  A  charter  was  granted  in  1832  for  a  rail-road  from  the 
Hudson  river  through  Newark,  Elizabethtown,  near  Rahway,  and  Woodbridge, 
to  New  Brunswick,  and  by  means  of  the  connecting  road  which  the  joint  com 
panies  are  compelled  to  make,  it  will  be  united  to  the  Camden  and  Amboy 
Rail-road. 

The  four  northern  counties,  Sussex,  Warren,  Morris,  and  Bergen,  are  moun 
tainous.  The  next  four,  Hunterdon,  Somerset,  Essex,  and  Middlesex,  are 
agreeably  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys.  South  Mountain,  a  great  ridge  of 
the  Alleghany  range,  crosses  the  state  in  lat.  41  N.,  and  the  Kittatinny  ridge 
crosses  a  little  to  the  north  of  South  Mountain.  The  greater  part  of  the  six 
southern  counties  is  composed  of  the  long  'range  of  level  country  which  com 
mences  at  Sandy  Hook,  and  lines  the  coast  of  the  middle  and  southern  states. 


76  NEW  JERSEY. 

Much  of  this  range  is  nearly  barren,  producing  only  shrub  oaks  and  yellow 
pines  ;  but  the  rest  of  the  state  has  a  large  proportion  of  good  soil,  excellent  for 
grazing,  and  for  the  various  purposes  of  agriculture.  The  productions  are 
wheat,  rye,  maize,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  oats,  and  barley.  Great  numbers  of 
cattle  are  raised  in  the  mountainous  parts  for  the  markets  of  New  York  and 
Philadelphia.  Large  quantities  of  butter  and  cheese  are  also  made. 

The  exports  are  flour,  wheat,  horses,  cattle,  hams,  cider,  lumber,  flax-seed, 
leather,  and  iron.  The  greater  part  of  the  produce  exported  from  this  state, 
passes  through  New  York  and  Philadelphia  :  and  hence  the  amount  of  the  direct 
foreign  exports  in  1829  was  but  $8,000. 

Great  quantities  of  leather  .are  manufactured  at  the  valuable  tanneries  of 
Trenton,  Newark,  and  Elizabethtown.  Large  quantities  of  shoes  are  made  at 
Newark.  There  is  a  glass-house  in  Gloucester  county,  and  there  are  paper- 
mills  and  nail  manufactories  in  various  parts  of  the  state.  But  the  most  impor 
tant  manufacture  is  that  of  iron.  In  the  county  of  Morris,  there  are  7  rich 
iron  mines,  2  furnaces,  2  rolling  and  slitting  mills,  and  30  forges.  The  annual 
produce  of  these  works  is  about  540  tons  of  bar  iron,  800  tons  of  pig,  besides 
large  quantities  of  hollow  ware,  sheet  iron,  and  nail  rods.  There  are  also  iron 
works  in  the  counties  of  Burlington,  Gloucester,  Sussex,  &c.  The  annual 
produce  in  the  whole  state,  is  computed  at  about  1200  tons  of  bar  iron,  1200 
tons  of  pig,  and  80  tons  of  nails,  exclusive  of  small  articles. 

The  number  of  cotton  manufactories  is  51,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
2,027,644,  which  make  annually  5,133,776  yards  of  cloth. 

There  are  in  New  Jersey  18  banks,  viz.  Belvidere  Bank,  Belvidere ;  Cum 
berland  Bank,  Bridgetown ;  Salem  Banking  Company,  Salem ;  State  Bank, 
Camden ;  Farmers'  Bank  of  New  Jersey,  Mount  Holly ;  Trenton  Banking 
Company,  Trenton ;  New  Brunswick  Bank,  New  Brunswick ;  State  Bank, 
New  Brunswick ;  State  Bank,  Elizabeth ;  State  Bank,  'Newark ;  Newark 
Banking  and  Insurance  Company,  Newark  ;  Commercial  Bank  of  New  Jersey, 
Perth  Amboy ;  Washington  Bank,  Hackinsack ;  People's  Bank,  Paterson ; 
State  Bank,  Morris ;  Sussex  Bank,  Newton ;  Farmers'-  and  Mechanics'  Bank, 
Rahway;  Orange  Bank,  Orange.;  Morris  Canal  and  Banking  Company, 
Jersey  City. 

There  are  colleges  and  theological  seminaries  at  Princeton  and 

Education.   XT        ,-,  .   ,        D ,  ,       .  .  , 

New  Brunswick,  and  academies  at  various  places. 

This  state  has  a  school  fund  which  amounted,  in  October,  1829,  to 
$245,404  47,  which  is  all  in  productive  stocks,  yielding  an  interest,  on  an 
average,  of  about  5  per  cent.  A  tax  of  half  of  one  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
of  the  capital  stock  of  the  several  banks  subscribed  and  paid  in,  is  also  appro 
priated  to  this  fund ;  and  the  whole  annual  income  is  about  $22,000.  By  a 
law  passed  in  1829,  $20,000  were  annually  appropriated  to  the  support  of 
common  schools  out  of  the  income  of  the  fund. 
The  number  of  periodical  presses  is  19. 

Rpii»iong       r^ne  Presbyterians  have  85  churches,  88  ministers,  20  licentiates, 
denomina-  and  12,519  communicants ;  the  Methodists,  10,730    members;  the 
Lions'      Dutch  Reformed,  28  churches  and  28  ministers ;  the  Baptists,  34 
churches,  21  ministers,  and  2,324  communicants  ;  the  Episcopalians,  20  min 
isters  ;  the  Friends  are  considerably  numerous,  and  there  are  some  Congre- 
gationalists. 

Constitution  ^e  constitllti°n  °f  New  Jersey  was  formed  in  1776 ;  and  no 
and  govern-  revision  of  it  has  since  taken  place,  except  that  the  legislature  has 
ent>  undertaken  to  explain  its  provisions  in  particular  parts.  The  govern 
ment  is  vested  in  a  governor,  legislative  council,  and  general  assembly ;  and 
these  bodies  united  are  styled  The  Legislature. 

The  members  of  the  legislative  council  and  of  the  general  assembly,  are 
elected  annually,  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  October. 


PENNSYLVANIA.  77 

The  number  of  members  of  the  legislative  council  is  14,  one  being  elected  by 
each  county  in  the  state.  The  general  assembly  has  consisted,  for  a  number 
of  years  past,  of  43  members ;  but  by  a  law  enacted  in  1829,  seven  additional 
members  were  added ;  and  it  will  hereafter  consist  of  50  members,  apportioned 
among  the  counties  as  follows  : — Bergen  3,  Essex  5,  Morris  4,  Sussex  3,  War 
ren  3,  Hunterdon  5,  Somerset  3,  Middlesex  4,  Monmouth  4,  Burlington  5, 
Gloucester  4,  Salem  3,  Cumberland  3,  and  Cape  May  1. 

The  legislature  meets  annually  (at  Trenton),  on  the  4th  Tuesday  in  October. 

The  governor  is  chosen  annually  by  a  joint  vote  of  the  council  and  assembly, 
at  their  first  joint  meeting  after  each  annual  election.  The  governor  is  presi 
dent  of  the  council ;  and  the  council  also  elect  from  their  own  body,  at  their 
first  annual  meeting,  a  vice-president,  who  acts  in  the  place  of  the  governor  in 
his  absence.  The  governor  and  council  form  a  court  of  appeals,  in  the  last 
resort  in  all  causes  of  law  ;  and  they  possess  the  power  of  granting  pardon  to 
criminals  after  condemnation. 

The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  suffrage  to  "  all  persons  of  full  age  who 
are  worth  fifty  pounds  proclamation-money,  clear  estate  in  the  same,  and  have 
resided  within  the  county  in  which  they  claim  to  vote  for  twelve  months  imme 
diately  preceding  the  election."  The  legislature  has  declared,  by  law,  that 
every  white  male  inhabitant,  who  shall  be  over  the  age  of  21  years,  and  shall 
have  paid  a  tax,  shall  be  considered  worth  fifty  pounds,  and  entitled  to  a  vote. 

The  judges  are  appointed  by  the  legislature,  those  of  the  supreme  court  for  a 
term  of  seven  years,  and  those  of  the  inferior  courts  for  five  years ;  both  are 
capable  of  being  reappointed. 

This  state  sends  6  representatives  to  cdngress.    Governor's  salary,  $2,000. 

NOTE. — The  practical  questions  will  be  omitted  in  the  remaining  states  as  the  teacher  may  easily 
ask  questions,  similar  to  those  which  are  given  on  the  other  states,  and  any  others  that  he  may  think 
useful. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


ARMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

PENNSYLVANIA  is  bounded  N.  by  New  York  and  lake  Erie ;  E.  by  New 
Jersey,  S.  E.  by  Delaware,  S.  by  Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  W.  by  part  of 
Virginia  and  Ohio.  It  extends  "from  39°  42'  to  47°  17'  N.  lat.  and  from  3° 
31'  W.  Ion.  to  2°  18'  E.  Ion.  from  Washington.  Its  greatest  length  from  east 


78 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


to  west  is  307  miles,  and  its  average  breadth,  160.     Extent,  46,000  square 
miles,  or  29,440,000  acres. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Eastern  District. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Distance  fr. 
Harrisburg. 

Adams                 s 

19,370 

21,379 

Gettysburg 

1,473 

34 

Berks                  se 

46,275 

53,357 

Reading 

5,859 

52 

Bucks                 se 

37,842 

45,740 

(  Doylestown 
I  Bristol 

1,262 

107 
122 

Chester              se 

44,451 

50,908 

West  Chester 

1,258 

75 

Cumberland      sm 

23,606 

29,218 

Carlisle 

2,523 

18 

Delaware           se 

14,810 

17,361 

Chester 

848 

95 

Dauphin          sent 

21,653 

25,303 

HARRISBURG 

4,311 

Franklin              s 

31,892 

35,103 

Chambersburg 

2,794 

48 

Lehigh                 e 

18,895 

22,266 

Allentown 

85 

Lancaster           se 

68,336 

76,558 

Lancaster 

35 

Lebanon          sem 

16,988 

20,546 

Lebanon 

7,704 

24 

Montgomery        e 

35,793 

39,404 

Norristown 

1,826 

88 

Northampton       e 

31,765 

39,267 

Easton 

1,089 

101 

Perry                  m 

11,342 

14,257 

New  Bloomfield 

3,529 

36 

Philadelphia       se 
^Philadelphia  city 

73,295 
63,802 

108,503 

80,458 

>  Philadelphia 

80,458 

98 

Pike                     e 

2,894 

4,843 

Milford 

157 

Schuylkill         em 

11,339 

20,783 

Orwigsburg 

773 

59 

Wayne              ne 

4,127 

7,663 

Bethany 

327 

162 

York                    s 

38,759 

42,658 

York 

4,216 

24 

Western  District. 

Alleghany           w 
*Pittsburg        city 

27,673 

7,248 

37,964 
12,542 

>  Pittsburg 

12,542 

201 

Armstrong           w 

10,324 

17,625 

Kittaning 

1,620 

183 

Beaver                 w 

15,340 

24,206    Beaver 

914 

229 

Bedford                 s 

20,248 

24,536    Bedford 

870 

105 

Bradford               n 

11,554 

19,669    Towanda 

128 

Butler                  w 

10,193 

14,683 

Butler 

580 

203 

Cambria               in 

2,287 

7,079 

Ebensburg 

270 

131 

Centre                  m 

13,797 

18,765 

Bellefonte 

699 

85 

Clearfield             m 

2,342 

4,803 

Clearneld 

129 

Columbia           em 

17,621 

20,049 

Danville 

65 

Crawford           nw 

9,397 

16,005 

Meadville 

1,070 

236 

Erie                   nw 

8,553 

16,906 

Erie 

1,329 

272 

Fayette               sw 

27,285 

29,237 

Uniontown 

1,341 

184 

Greene               sw 

15,554 

18,028 

Waynesburg 

222 

Huntingdon         m 

20,144 

27,159 

Huntingdon 

90 

[ndiana             win 

8,882 

14,251 

Indiana 

433 

157 

Jefferson           wm 

561 

2,225 

Brookville 

165 

Luzerne             em 

20,027 

27,304 

Wilkesbarre 

2,233 

114 

Ly  coming           m 

13,517 

17,637 

Williamsport 

87 

McKean               n 

728 

1,439 

Smithport 

200 

Vtercer                w 

11,681 

19,731 

Mercer 

656 

235 

Mifflin                 m 

16,618 

21,529 

Lewistown 

1,479 

55 

Northumberland  m 

15,424 

18,168 

Sunbury 

1,057 

52 

Potter                    n 

186 

1,265 

Cowdersport 

174 

*  Philadelphia  and  Pittpburg  exclusive  of  the  suburbs. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.—  Continued. 

Western  District. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Distance  fr. 
Harrisburg. 

Somerset             s 
Susquehannah  ne 
Tioga                  n 
Union                 m 
Venango            w 
Warren            nw 
Washington      sw 
Westmoreland  sw 

51  Total  of  Penn. 

13,974 
9,660 
4,021 
18,619 
1,976 
40,038 
4,915 
30,540 

17,441 
16,777 
9,062 
20,749 
4,706 
42,860 
9,128 
38,400 

Somerset 
Montrose 
Wellsborough 
New  Berlin 
Warren 
Washington 
Franklin 
Greensburg 

649 
415 

1,816 
409 
810 

143 
163 
147 
60 
240 
212 
212 
170 

1,049,313 

1,347,672 

In  1701, 
1763, 
1790, 
1800, 
1810, 

1820,  1,049,313 
1830,  1,347,672 


Population  at  Different  Periods. 

Population.          Increase  from 

20,000 

1701  to  1763, 


Slaves. 


280,000 
434,373 
602,545 
810,091 


3,737 

1,706 

795 

211 

386 


Canals. 


260,000 

1763  1790,  154,373 
1790  1800,  168,172 
1800  1810,  207,546 
1810  1820,  239,222 
1820  1830,  298,659 

There  are  three  incorporated  cities  in  this  state,  Phil 
adelphia,  Pktsburg,  and   Lancaster.     The  other  most 
noted  towns  are  Reading,  Easton,  Bethlehem,  Carlisle, 
York,  Germantown,  *Chambersburg,   Columbia,   Sun-  ° 
bury,  Brownsville,  Washington,  &c. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Delaware,  Schuylkill, 
Lehigh,  Susquehanna,  Juniata,  Alleghany,  Monongahela, 
and  Ohio. 

The  Union  Canal  extends  from  Reading  on 
the  river  Schuylkill,  where  it  intersects  the 
Schuylkill  Canal,  to  Middletown  on  the  Susquehannah 
river,  a  distance  of  80  miles. 

The  Schuylkill  Canal  extends  from  Philadelphia  to 
the  coal  mines  at  Port  Carbon,  a  distance  of  114  miles. 

The  Lehigh  Canal  extends  along  that  river  from 
Easton  to  Mauch  Chunk,  a  distance  of  47  miles.  A 
rail  road  9  miles  in  length,  extends  from  Mauch  Chunk 
to  the  coal  mines. 

The  Lackawaxen  Canal  extends  from  the  Delaware 
river  at  the  mouth  of  Lackawaxen  creek,  up  it  to  near 
Bethany,  24. miles;  it  there  unites  with  a  rail-road  9 
miles  in  length,  which  extends  to  the  coal  mines  at  the 
Lackawannock  mountains. 

The  Conestoga  Canal  connects  the  city  of  Lancaster 
with  the  Susquehanna  river,  length  18  miles. 

The  Susquehanna  Canal  extends  along  the  west  side  of 
mouth  of  the  Juniata  river  to  near  the  junction  of  the  north 
a  distance  of  39  miles.  The  canal  is  then  extended  along 
the  state  of  New  York,  a  distance  of  165  miles,  and  along 
Dunnstown,  a  distance  of  70  miles. 


Manayunk 
Fairmount 
PHILADELPHIA 

that  river  from  the 

and  west  branches, 

the  north  branch  to 

the  west  branch  to 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


Blairsvillt 

Chestnut  Ridge 
Johnstown 


PENNSYLVANIA,  81 

'The  Pennsylvania  canal  extends  from  Columbia  on  the  Susquehanna  to  the 
Juniata  river,  and  thence  to  Pittsburg,  a  distance  of  322  miles. 

The  Pittsburg  and  Erie  Canal  is  intended  to  unite  the  Ohio  river  at  Pitts- 
burg,  with  lake  Erie  at  the  town  of  Eric.  Length  168  miles,  of  which  about 
20  miles  are  now  finished. 

The  Delaware  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Canal  extends  from  Easton,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Lehigh  river,  to  Bristol  on  the  Delaware,  a  distance  of  60 
miles. 

The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  will  extend  through  the  south-east  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  from  the  state  line  at  Wills'  creek  to  Pittsburg,  a  distance  of  151 
miles. 

According  to  the  " Pennsylvania  State  Register,"  for  1831,  "The  whole  ex- 
tent  of  the  state  canals  is  428-|  miles,  of  which  406  miles  are  completed.  Be 
sides  this  extent  of  canal  navigation,  there  are  302  miles  belonging  to  private 
companies,  making  an  aggregate,  in  the  state,  of  728  miles. — The  public 
property  of  the  commonwealth  is  as  follows : 

Expended  on  the  state  canals $10,544,243  16 

Bank  stock  owned  by  the  state 2,108,700  00 

Turnpike  stock         do 1,911,243  39 

Canal  stock  do .200,000  00 

Bridge  stock  do 410,000  00 

Total  $15,174,186  55 
State  debt,  January  1,  1831, $12,512,520,48.'* 

,  .,  _    .       The  Columbia  Rail-Road      VIEW  OP  THE  COLUMBIA  RAIL-ROAD. 

Rail-Roads.  ,       „  ni  M     i  i    i  • 

extends  from  Philadelphia 
to  Columbia,  on  the  Susquehanna 
river,  and  is  83  miles  in  length.  It 
crosses  the  river  Schuylkill  on  a 
substantial  bridge  of  three  arches, 
about  two  miles  above  the  city  of 
Philadelphia. 

The  Philadelphia,  Germantown,  and  Norristown  Rail-Road  extends  from  the 
city  of  Philadelphia,  in  a  north-western  direction,  to  Norristown,  upon  the  river 
Schuylkill,  a  distance  of  about  18  miles. 

Pennsylvania  is  intersected  by  various  mountains.  The  principal  ridges  of 
the  Alleghany  mountains,  comprehended  in  Pennsylvania,  are  the  Kittatinny, 
or  the  Blue  mountains.  Behind  these  and  nearly  parallel  to  them,  are  Peters, 
Tuscarora,  and  Nescopeck  mountains,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Susquehanna ; 
on  the  west,  Shareman's  hill,  Sideling  hill,  Ragged,  Great,  Warrior's,  Evit's, 
and  Wills'  mountains ;  then  the  great  Alleghany  ridge,  which  being  the 
largest,  gives  name  to  the  whole ;  and  west  of  this  are  the  Chestnut  ridges. 
Between  the  Juniata  and  the  west  branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  are  Jacks, 
Tussys,  Nittiny,  and  Bald  Eagle  mountains.  The  valleys  between  these  moun 
tains  are  often  of  a  rich,  black  soil,  suited  to  the  various  kinds  of  grass  and 
grain.  Some  of  the  mountains  admit  of  cultivation  almost  to  their  summits. 
The  other  parts  of  the  state  are  generally  level,  or  agreeably  diversified  with 
hills  and  valleys. 

The  soil  of  Pennsylvania  is  various ;  a  small  part  of  it  is  barren,  but  a 
great  proportion  of  it  fertile  and  a  considerable  part  very  excellent.  It  is  gene 
rally  better  adapted  to  tillage  than  grazing ;  and  much  of  it,  particularly  the 
south-east  part,  is  under  excellent  cultivation.  The  two  best  tracts  of  land  are, 
one  in  the  south-east  part,  along  the  Susquehanna,  the  other  in  the  north-west 
part,  between  lake  Erie  and  Alleghany  river.  Wheat  is  the  most  important 

L 


82  PENNSYLVANIA. 

article  of  produce.  The  next  in  value  is  Indian  corn.  Buckwheat,  rye,  barley 
oats,  flax,  hemp,  beans,  peas,  and  potatoes  are  extensively  cultivated.  Cherries, 
peaches,  apples,  and  cider,  are  abundant.  There '  are  large  dairies  in  many 
parts.  Pennsylvania  has  an  excellent  breed  of  horses. 

Iron  ore  is  distributed  in  large  quantities  in  many  parts  of  the  state ;  and  in 
some  places  copper,  lead,  and  alum  are  found.  Here  are  also  numerous  lime 
stone  quarries,  and  various  kinds  of  marble ;  and  in  the  middle  and  western 
parts  there  is  an  abundance  of  coal. 

The  general  style  of  architecture  in  this  state  is  neat  and  solid.     Stone 
buildings  are  most  common  in  old  settlements  ;  brick  houses  are  frequent ;  log 
and  frame  houses  abound  in  the  new  country.     In  the  towns  there  is  a  con 
siderable  proportion  of  brick  houses.     Many  turnpike  roads  of  the  most  du- 
able  materials,  and  best  construction,  are  made  in  various  parts  of  the  state. 

hat  from  Philadelphia  to  Lancaster  is  62  miles  in  length,  24  feet  wide,  and 
covered  18  inches  deep  with  powdered  stone.  Numerous  bridges,  of  great 
strength  and  beauty,  are  constructed  over  the  rivers. 

Pennsylvania  exceeds  all  the  other  states  in  the  variety  and  extent  of  her 
manufactures,  some  of  which  are  of  superior  excellence.  In  1832  there  were 
67  cotton  manufactories  in  the  state,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $3,758,500, 
and  making  annually  21,332,467  yards  of  cloth.  In  the  article  of  iron  manu 
factures  Pennsylvania  far  excels  any  other  state  in  the  Union.  The  total 
value  of  manufactures,  including  about  250  different  articles,  is  estimated  at 
$70,000,000. 

In  1831  there  were  33  banks  in  this  state,  11  of  which  were  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia.  The  bank  capital  is  $10,310,333. 

Ed  cation  ^e  Prmc^Pa^  literary  seminaries  in  this  state  are  the  University 
"'  of  Pennsylvania  with  its  Medical  School,  at  Philadelphia ;  Dickinson 
College,  at  Carlisle ;  Jefferson  College,  at  Canonsburg ;  Washington  College, 
at  Washington;  Western  University,  at  Pittsburg;  Alleghany  College,  at 
Meadville ;  Madison  College,  at  Union  Town ;  Mount  Airy  College,  at  Ger- 
mantown ;  the  Theological  Seminaries,  at  Gettysburg,  York,  and  Alleghany 
Town ;  and  the  Moravian  schools,  at  Bethlehem,  Nazareth,  and  Litiz. 

The  Constitution  declares  that  "  the  legislature  shall,  as  soon  as  convenient 
ly  may  be,  provide  by  law  for  the  establishment  of  schools  in  such  manner 
that  the  poor  may  be  taught  gratis."  Under  this  injunction  means  have  been 
provided  in  nearly  all  the  counties  of  the  state,  for  the  instruction  of  the 
children  of  indigent  parents.  They  are  sent  to  the  most  convenient  schools 
of  the  neighborhoods  in  which  they  respectively  reside,  and  the  expense  is 
paid  by  the  county  commissioners.  In  the  city  and  county  of  Philadelphia, 
which  constitutes  the  First  School  District  of  Pennsylvania,  the  Lancasterian 
system  has  been  introduced  for  the  education  of  the  children  described  in  the 
Constitution.  In  the  Twelfth  Annual  Report  of  the  Comptrollers  of  the 
Public  Schools  of  this  district,  dated  Feb.  23,  1830,  it  is  stated,  that  "during 
twelve  years,  34,703  children  had  received  the  benefits  of  tuition  under  the 
wise  and  beneficent  provisions  of  the  existing  act  of  the  General  Assembly." 
These  schools  are  superintended  by  gentlemen  who  serve  without  compensa 
tion.  The  teachers  are  well  qualified  for  their  duties,  and  are  liberally  paid. 

The  number  of  periodical  presses  in  1831,  was  150. 

Religious  de-     The  Presbyterians  have  429  churches,  209  ministers,  39  licen- 
nomina-    tiates,  and  38,873  communicants;   the  Methodists,  140  preachers, 
L  and  46,390  members ;  the  Baptists,  144  churches,  96  ministers,  and 
7,561  communicants ;  the  German  Reformed  Church,  282  churches,  and  73 
ministers;  the  Episcopalians,  60  ministers;  the  Associate  Presbyterians,  39 
congregations,  18  ministers,  and  4,180  communicants;  the  Evangelical  Lu 
therans,  2  synods ;  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  6  churches  and  6  ministers ; 
the  Friends  are  numerous  ;  the  United  Brethren  have  about  15  congregations ; 


PENNSYLVANIA.  83 

the  Unitarians,  5  congregations  and  3  ministers ;  and  there  is  a  considerable 
number  of  Roman  Catholics,  some  Universalists,  Jews,  &c. 

Pennsylvania  was  granted  by  Charles  II.  by  a  charter  signed  on 
the  4th  of  March,  1681,  to  the  illustrious  William  Penn,  who  was 
constituted  the  proprietary  of  the  province.     In  1682,  William  Penn,  together 
with  about  two  thousand  settlers,  most  of  whom,  like  himself,  belonged  to  the 
society  of  Friends  or  Quakers,  arrived  in  the  country ;  and  in  the  following 
year  he  laid  out  the  plan  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  He  established  a  friendly 
intercourse  with  the  Indians,  which  was  not  interrupted  for  more  than  seventy 
years. 

From  the  beginning  of  the  18th  century  till  the  commencement  of  the 
American  Revolution,  the  government  was  generally  administered  by  deputies 
appointed  by  the  proprietaries,  who  mostly  resided  in  England. 

The  first  Constitution  of  Pennsylvania  was  adopted  in  1776 ;  the  Congtitu. 
present  Constitution  in  1790.  tion  and  go- 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  General  Assembly,  consisting  verr 
of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives. 

The  representatives  are  elected  annually  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  October 
by  the  citizens  of  Philadelphia  and  of  the  several  counties,  apportioned  accord 
ing  to  the  number  of  taxable  inhabitants.  The  number  cannot  be  less  than  60, 
nor  more  than  100. 

The  senators  are  chosen  for  four  years,  one  fourth  being  elected  annually, 
at  the  time  of  the  election  of  the  representatives.  Their  number  cannot  be 
greater  than  one  third,  nor  less  than  one  fourth  of  the  number  of  the  represent 
atives. 

[In  1829,  it  was  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly,  "  that  until  the  next 
enumeration  of  taxable  inhabitants,  and  an  apportionment  thereon,  the  senate, 
at  a  ratio  of  7,700  [taxable  inhabitants],  shall  consist  of  33  members ;"  and 
"the  house  of  representatives,  at  a  ratio  of  2,554,  shall  consist  of  100  mem 
bers." — The  following  statement  shows  the  representative  number,  and  the 
number  of  members  of  the  legislature,  at  different  periods. 

Ratio.       ^Senators.  Ratio.  Reps. 

1793  to  1800        24 78 

1800  «  1807  4,670    25 1,350    86 

1807  «  1814  4,500    31 1,500    95 

1814  «  1821  5,250    31 1,750    97 

1821  «  1828  6,300    33 2,100  100 

1828  "  1835  7,700    33 2,544  100.] 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  by  the  people 
on  the  second  Tuesday  in  October,  and  who  holds  his  office  during  three  years, 
from  the  third  Tuesday  in  December  next  following  his  election ;  and  he  can 
not  hold  the  office  more  than  9  years  in  any  term  of  12  years. 

The  General  Assembly  meets  annually  (at  Harrrisburg),  on  the  first  Tues 
day  in  December,  unless  sooner  convened  by  the  governor. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  in  courts  of  oyer  and 
terminer  and  jail-delivery,  in  courts  of  common  pleas,  an  orphan's  court,  a 
register's  court,  a  court  of  quarter  sessions  of  the  peace  for  each  county,  and 
in  such  other  courts  as  the  legislature  may,  from  time  to  time,  establish.  The 
judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  the  several  courts  of  common  pleas,  are  ap 
pointed  by  the  governor,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  possessed  by  every  freeman  of  the  age  of  21 
years,  who  has  resided  in  the  state  two  years  next  preceding  an  election,  and 
within  that  time  paid  a  state  or  county  tax,  assessed  at  least  six  months  before 
the  election. 

This  state  sends  28  representatives  to  congress.   Governor's  salary,  $4,000, 


84 


DELAWARE. 

DELAWARE. 


ARMS  OF  DELAWARE. 

DELAWARE  is  bounded  N.  by  Pennsylvania ;  E.  by  Delaware  river,  Dela 
ware  bay,  and  the  Atlantic ;  S.  and  W.  by  Maryland.  It  extends  from  lat.  38° 
30'  to  39°  45'  N.  and  from  Ion.  1°  13'  to  1°  57'  E.  from  Washington.  It  is  87 
miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  from  10  to  36  broad,  containing  2,120  square 
miles. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

<  Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

19,911 
29,710 
27,118 

County  Towns. 

Distance 
from 
Dover. 

Kent                 m 
New  Castle      n 

Sussex              s 
3          Total 

20,793 
27,899 
24,057 

DOVER 

(  New  Castle 
(  Wilmington 
Georgetown 
of  whom  3,305  are  slaves 

42 
47 
40 

72,674 

76,739 

Population  of  Wilmington,  the  largest  town,  in  1820,  5,268;  in  1830, 
6,628. 

Population  at  different  periods. 
Population. 
In 


1790,  59,094 
1800,  64,273 
1810,  72,674 
1820,  72,749 
1830,  76,739 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  5,179 

1800       1810,  8,401 

1810       1820,  75 

1820       1830,  3,990 


Slaves. 
8,887 
6,153 
4,177 
4,509 
3,305 


The  principal  rivers  besides  the  Delaware  which  forms  a  part  of  the  bound 
ary,  are  Brandywine  Creek,  Christiana  Creek,  Duck  Creek,  Mispillion  Creek, 
Indian  river,  Choptank,  and  Nanticoke. 

The  general  aspect  of  this  state  is  that  of  an  extended  plain,  favorable  for 
cultivation.  Some  of  the  upper  parts  of  the  county  of  New  Castle,  indeed, 
are  irregular  and  broken.  The  heights  of  Christiana  are  lofty  and  command 
ing,  and  the  hills  of  Brandywine  are  rough  and  stony ;  but  in  the  lower  coun- 


DELAWARE.  85 

try,  there  is  very  little  diversity  of  level.  The  highest  ridge  between  Delaware 
and  Chesapeake  bays,  passes  through  this  state.  On  the  summit  of  the  ridge 
there  is  a  chain  of  swamps,  from  which  a  number  of  waters  descend  on  the 
west  to  Chesapeake  bay,  and  on  the  east  to  the  river  Delaware.  Along  the 
Delaware  river,  and  about  nine  miles  into  the  interior,  the  soil  is  generally  a 
rich  clay,  which  produces  large  timber,  and  is  well  adapted  to  the  purposes  of 
agriculture ;  but  between  this  tract  and  the  swamps  the  soil  is  light,  sandy,  and 
of  an  inferior  quality.  In  the  county  of  New  Castle  the  soil  is  a  strong  clay ; 
in  Kent  it  is  mixed  with  sand,  and  in  Sussex  the  sand  greatly  predominates. 

The  principle  articles  of  produce  are  wheat,  Indian  corn,  rye,  barley,  oats, 
buckwheat,  and  potatoes.  The  county  of  Sussex  contains  some  excellent 
grazing  lands,  and  it  exports  great  quantities  of  timber,  obtained  from  Cyprus 
Swamp  or  Indian  river,  which  extends  about  six  miles  from  east  to  west,  and 
nearly  twelve  from  north  to  south.  The  staple  commodity  is  wheat,  which  is 
produced  of  a  superior  quality,  and  is  highly  esteemed  for  its  uncommon  soft 
ness  and  whiteness,  and  is  preferred  in  foreign  markets.  Large  establishments 
have  been  erected  for  manufacturing  wheat  into  flour.  Of  these  the  Brandy- 
wine  mills,  in  the  vicinity  of  Wilmington,  are  the  most  important.  These  are 
one  of  the  finest  collection  of  mills  in  the  United  States,  and  are  celebrated 
both  for  the  excellence  and  the  quantity  of  flour  which  they  manufacture. 

In  1832  there  were  ten  cotton  manufactories,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
$384,500,  and  making  annually  5,203,746  yards  of  cloth.  The  other  manu 
factures  of  note  are  woollens,  paper,  and  powder. 

Delaware  contains  very  few  minerals.  In  the  county  of  Sussex  and  among 
the  branches  of  the  Nanticoke,  are  large  quantities  of  bog  iron  ore,  well  adapt 
ed  for  casting ;  but  it  is  not  wrought  to  any  extent. 


PROFILE  VIEW  OP  THE  CHESAPEAKE  AND  DELAWARE  CANAL. 

This  canal,  which  lies  partly  in  Maryland,  but  chiefly  in  Delaware,  Chesapeake 
13£  miles  long,  66  wide  at  the  surface  of  the  water,  and  10  feet  deep,  and  Deia- 
opens  a  highly  advantageous  communication  between  Philadelphia wa 
and  Baltimore,  and  other  places,  by  sloops  and  steamboats.     During  the  year 
beginning  June   1,  1830,  and   ending  June   1,  1831,  there  were  employed 
between  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore,  Alexandria,  Richmond,  Petersburg,  and 
Norfolk,  in  the  transportation  of  passengers  and  merchandise,  by  way  of  this 
canal,  2  lines  of  steamboats  and  7  lines  of  packets. 

There  were  made,  during  that  time,  according  to  the  official  report,  the  fol 
lowing  number  of  passages  through  this  canal: — 1230  packets,  with  merchan 
dise;  600  vessels,  with  wood,  carrying  13,332  cords;  272  vessels,  rafts,  and 
arks,  with  lumber,  carrying  7,118,734  feet;  294  vessels,  with  flour,  carrying 
101,462  barrels ;  246  vessels,  with  wheat,  corn,  &c.  carrying  289,173  bushels ; 
2638  vessels  with  cotton,  iron,  oysters,  fish,  whiskey,  and  various  other  arti 
cles,  making  a  total  of  5,280  passages  of  vessels,  of  different  descriptions, 
through  the  canal  during  the  year.  The  tolls  received  during  the  same  year 
amounted  to  $62,223  15. 

There  is  a  rail-road  extending  from  Newcastle  on  the  Delaware  to  French- 


86  DELAWARE. 

town,  a  distance  of  10  miles,  on  which  the  passengers  between  Philadelphia 
and  Baltimore  are  now  transported.     There  is  yet  but  one  track  completed. 

The  number  of  banks  in  1832  was  8,  viz*  3  at  Wilmington,  1  at  Newcastle, 
1  at  Georgetown,  1  at  Dover,  1  at  Smyrna,  and  1  at  Milford. 

•       .  This  state  has  a  school  fund,  amounting  to  $170,000,  the  interest 

"'  of  which,  together  with  a  small  tax  levied  on  each  school  district  of 
four  miles  square,  at  the  will  of  the  majority  of  the  taxable  inhabitants,  is 
appropriated  to  the  support  of  common  schools.  No  district  is  entitled  to  any 
share  of  the  school  fund,  that  will  not  raise,  by  taxation,  a  sum  equal  to  its 
share  of  the  income  of  the  fund.  But  few  of  the  districts  have  yet  gone  into 
operation  under  the  school  law. 

The  number  of  periodical  presses  is  6,  two  of  which  are  semi-weekly. 
Reiigousde-     The  Methodists  in  this  state  have  15  preachers,  and  12,304  mem- 
ntionsa    '3ers'  ^e  Presbyterians,  8  churches,  9  ministers,  and  1300  commu 
nicants  ;  the  Baptists,  9  churches,  9  ministers,  and  520  communi 
cants  ;  the  Episcopalians  have  6  churches  and  6  ministers. 
Histor  e     st  European  settlement  in  this  state  was  formed  by  Swedes 

and  Finns,  in  1627  ;  in  1655,  the  colony  was  taken  from  the  Swedes 
by  the  Dutch,  under  governor  Stuyvesant ;  and  after  the  conquest  of  New 
York  by  the  English,  in  1664,  it  was  placed  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  gov 
ernment  of  New  York. 

In  1682,  the  country  was  granted  to  William  Penn,  and  it  was  placed  under 
the  same  executive  and  legislative  government  with  Pennsylvania.  It  was  then, 
as  it  is  now,  divided  into  three  counties,  Newcastle,  Kent,  and  Sussex,  gene 
rally  styled,  till  the  American  revolution,  "  The  Three  Lower  Counties  upon 
the  Delaware." 

In  1701,  the  representatives  of  Delaware  withdrew  from  those  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  the  first  separate  legislative  assembly  met  at  Newcastle,  in  1704. 
Outlines  of     The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  general  assembly,  consisting 
the  consti-  of  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives  for  two  years.  The  represent- 
amended   atives  are  elected,  7  from  each  county,  the  whole  number  being  21 . 
Dec.  i83i.  The  senators  are  elected  for  4  years,  3  from  each  county,  the  whole 
number  being  9. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  by  the  people 
for  4  years  ;  and  he  is  not  eligible  a  second  time  to  said  office. 

The  general  assembly  meets  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  January,  biennially. 
The  first  meeting  under  the  amended  constitution  is  to  be  in  1833. 

The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  suffrage  to  every  free  white  male  citizen 
of  the  age  of  twenty-two  years  or  upwards,  having  resided  in  the  state  one 
year  next  before  the  election,  and  the  last  month  thereof  in  the  county  where 
he  offers  to  vote,  and  having  within  two  years  next  before  the  election,  paid  a 
county  tax,  which  shall  have  been  assessed  at  least  six  months  before  the  elec 
tion  ;  and  every  free  white  male  citizen  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  and 
under  the  age  of  twenty-two  years,  having  resided  as  aforesaid,  shall  be  enti 
tled  to  vote  without  payment  of  any  tax. 

The  judicial  power  of  this  state  is  vested  in  a  court  of  errors  and  appeals,  a 
superior  court,  a  court  of  chancery,  an  orphan's  court,  a  court  of  oyer  and 
terminer,  a  court  of  general  sessions  of  the  peace  and  jail  delivery,  a  register's 
court,  justices  of  the  peace,  and  such  other  courts  as  the  general  assembly  may 
direct. 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  81,333  33£.  This  state  sends  one  repre 
sentative  to  congress. 


MARYLAND, 

MARYLAND. 


87 


MARYLAND  is  bounded  N.  by  Pennsylvania ;  E.  by  Delaware  and  the  At 
lantic  ;  S.  and  W.  by  Virginia.  It  lies  between  long.  2°  31'  W.  and  1°  58  E. 
and  between  lat.  38°  and  39°  44'  N.  It  contains  13,959  square  miles,  or 
8,933,760  acres,  of  which  one-fifth  is  water.  Chesapeake  bay  runs  through 
the  state  from  N.  to  S.  dividing  it  into  two  parts.  The  part  east  of  the  bay  is 
called  the  eastern  shore,  and  the  part  west  of  the  bay,  the  western  shore.  The 
state  is  divided  into  19  counties,  11  of  which  are  on  the  western  shore,  and  8 
on  the  eastern. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Western  Shore. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

Chief  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Annapolis. 

Alleghany           nw 

8,654 

10,602 

Cumberland 

165 

Anne  Arundel       m 

27,165 

28,295 

ANNAPOLIS 

Baltimore               n 
Baltimore,  city 

33,663 
62,738 

40,251 
80,625 

>  Baltimore 

30 

Calvert                   s 

8,073 

8,899 

Prince  Fredericktown 

63 

Charles                   s 

16,500 

17,666 

Port  Tobacco 

69 

Frederick               n 

40,459 

45,793 

Frederick 

76 

Hartford               ne 

15,924 

16,315 

Belair 

53 

Montgomery       wm 

16,400 

19,816 

Rockville 

52 

Prince  George's  sm 

20,216 

20,473 

Upper  Marlborough 

23 

St.  Mary's              s 

12,974 

13,455 

Leonardtown 

72 

Washington      nwm 

23,075 

25,265 

Hagerstown 

101 

Eastern  Shore. 

Caroline                 e 

10,018 

9,070 

Denton 

44 

Cecil                     ne 

10,048 

15,432 

Elkton 

80 

Dorchester            se 

17,759 

18,685 

Cambridge 

62 

Kent                       e 

11,453 

10,502 

Chestertown 

47 

Queen  Anne's        e 

14,952 

14,396 

Centreville 

32 

Somerset               se 

19,579 

20,155 

Princess  Anne 

107 

Talbot                  em 

14,387 

12,947 

Easton 

47 

Worcester             se 

17,421 

18,271 

Snowhill 

127 

19         Total 

407,350 

446,913 

MARYLAND. 
Different  Classes  of  Population  in  1830. 

Whites.  Slaves.  Free  col'd  Persons, 

Males 147,315  53,429  34,920 

Females 143,778  49,449  28,022 


Total          291,093  102,878  52,942 

Deaf  and  dumb  white  persons.  .131  ;  slaves  and  colored  persons       82 
Blind,  white  persons, 156 ,  slaves  and  colored  persons     117 

Population  of  Maryland  at  different  Periods. 

Population.  Slaves. 

In  1790,      319,728  103,036 

"  1800,      345,824     Increase  from  1790  to  1800,       26,096     108,554 
"  1810,      380,546  1800      1810,       34,722     111,502 

"  1820,      407,350  1810      1820,       16,804     107,398 

"  1830,      446,913  1820      1830,       39,563     102,878 

The  principal  rivers  arc  the  Potomac,  which  divides  this  state  from  Virginia, 
Susquehannah,  Patapsco,  Patuxent,  Elk,  Sassafras,  Chester,  Ohoptank,  Nanti- 
coke,  and  Pocomokc. 

In  the  counties  on  the  eastern  shore  of  the  Chesapeake,  the  land  is  generally 
level  and  low,  and  in  many  places  is  covered  with  stagnant  waters,  giving  rise 
in  the  summer  and  fall  months  to  agues,  and  intermittent  fevers.  On  the  west 
ern  shore,  the  land  below  the  lowest  falls  of  the  river,  is  principally  level  and 
free  from  stones.  Above  these  falls  the  country  becomes  successively  uneven 
and  hilly,  and  in  the  western  part  of  the  state  is  mountainous.  The  principal 
range  of  mountains  is  the  Blue  Ridge  or  South  Mountains,  which  pass  through 
the  state  in  a  northerly  direction  from  Virginia  into  Pennsylvania.  The  extreme 
western  part  of  the  state  is  crossed  by  the  Alleghany  mountains.  Between 
these  and  the  Blue  Ridge  are  several  inferior  chains,  as  Will's  mountain,  Evit's, 
Warrior,  and  Ragged  mountains,  and  Sideling  hill.  The  soil  is  well  adapted 
to  the  culture  of  tobacco  and  wheat,  which  are  the  staple  productions  of  the 
state.  Some  cotton  of  inferior  quality  is  also  raised,  and  in  the  western  coun 
ties,  considerable  quantities  of  flax  and  hemp.  Two  articles  are  said  to  be 
peculiar  to  Maryland ;  the  genuine  white  wheat,  which  grows  in  Kent,  Queen 
Ann's,  and  Talbot  counties,  on  the  eastern  shore ;  and  the  bright  kite's-foot 
tobacco,  which  is  produced  on  some  parts  of  the  western  shore,  south  of  Balti 
more.  The  forests  abound  with  various  kinds  of  nuts,  used  for  fattening  hogs, 
which  run  wild  in  the  woods,  and  are  killed  in  considerable  numbers  for  export 
ation.  Apples  and  peaches  are  abundant. 

Excellent  roads  proceed  from  Baltimore  in  various  directions.  There  is  a 
turnpike  from  Baltimore  to  Cumberland  on  the  Potomac,  a  distance  of  135 
miles.  From  Cumberland  to  Brownsville  on  the  Monongahela,  in  Pennsylva 
nia,  there  is  now  completed  by  the  United  States,  a  free  turnpike  road,  of  the 
most  superior  construction.  The  distance  is  72  miles,  making  the  whole  dis 
tance  from  Baltimore  to  Brownsville  207  miles.  This  is  the  shortest  and  best 
communication  yet  opened  between  the  tide  water  of  the  Atlantic  and  the  navi 
gable  western  waters.  A  turnpike  extends  from  Baltimore,  in  a  north-west 
direction,  16  miles,  to  Reistertown,  and  there  divides;  one  branch  turning 
more  to  the  north  meets  the  Pennsylvania  line  in  19  miles  ;  the  other  in  a  W. 
N.  W.  direction,  runs  29  miles  in  Maryland. 

Iron  ore  abounds  in  various  parts  of  the  state,  and  coal  is  found  in  inexhausti 
ble  quantities,  and  of  a  superior  quality,  on  the  Potomac,  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Cumberland.  Furnaces  have  been  erected  in  various  places  for  the  manu 
facture  of  iron.  Glass,  paper,  and  whiskey  are  also  made  in  considerable 
quantities.  The  value  of  manufactures  in  1830,  was  $11,468,794.  The  prin 
cipal  exports  are  flour  and  tobacco.  The  value  of  the  exports  for  Ihe  year 
ending  September  30th,  1829,  was  $4,804,364.  Maryland  is  the  fourth  state 


MARYLAND.     ,  89 

in  the  Union  in  amount  of  shipping,     [n  1815,  the  number  of  tons  was  156,062, 
and  in  1828,  it  was  170,948. 

In  1832  there  were  23  cotton  manufactories  in  this  state,  with  an  aggregate 
capital  of  $2,144,000,  which  make  annually  7,640,000  yards  of  cloth. 

The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail-Road,  which  BALTIMORE  AND  OHIO  RAIL-ROAD. 
is  to  extend  from  the  city  of  Baltimore  to  the 
river  Ohio,  about  350  miles,  is  finished  to  the 
Point  of  Rocks,  and  is  the  greatest  enterprise 
of  the  kind  undertaken  in  America. 

The  Baltimore  and  Susquehanna  Rail-Road 
is  to  extend  from  the  city  of  Baltimore  to 
York-haven,  in  Pennsylvania. 

The  number  of  banks  and  branches  in  this  state  in  1831,  was  eighteen,  nine 
of  which  were  in  the  city  of  Baltimore. 

The  principal  literary  seminaries  in  this  state  are  the  University  of 
Maryland,  St.  Mary's  College,  and  Baltimore  College,  in  Baltimore ;  E 
and  St.  John's  College,  at  Annapolis.  There  are  several  academies  in  the  state, 
which  receive  $800  a  year  from  the  state  treasury.  A  law  in  favor  of  primary 
schools  was  passed  in  1825,  and  has  been  partially  carried  into  effect  in  two  or 
three  of  the  counties.  The  state  has  a  School  Fund  consisting  of  a  sum  ad 
vanced  by  Maryland  during  the  late  war  and  paid  by  the  national  government, 
amounting  to  $75,000,  together  with  a  tax  on  bank  capital  of  20  cents  on  $100. 
The  fund  is  at  interest,  and  the  amount  received  from  the  banks  has  also  gen 
erally  been  placed  at  interest,  to  the  credit  of  the  several  counties ;  but  in  some 
instances  it  has  been  expended  for  its  proper  object.  The  intention  of  the  state 
was,  that  it  should  be  used  to  pay  teachers  only ;  and  that  the  expense  of  build 
ing  school-houses,  and  other  expenses,  should  be  paid  by  a  tax  on  property 
within  the  several  school  districts. 

The  number  of  periodical  presses  in  1830  was  25. 

The  Roman  Catholics  are  the  most  numerous  sect  of  Christians  in   Reli  .ous 
this  state ;  they  have  one  archbishop,  the  metropolitan  of  the  United  denpmina- 
States,  and  30  or  40  churches ;  the  Methodists  are  numerous ;  the     tlons" 
Episcopalians  have  57  ministers ;  the  Presbyterians,  1 1  ministers,  6  licentiates, 
and  1,058  communicants;  the  Baptists,  15  churches,  12  ministers,  and  680 
communicants ;  the  German  Reformed,  9  ministers ;  and  the  Friends  are  con 
siderably  numerous. 

This  country  was  granted  by  Charles  I.  to  George  Calvert,  lord 
Baltimore,  a  Roman  Catholic ;  the  first  settlement  was  formed  by  his 
son  Leonard  Calvert,  together  with  about  200  Catholics,  in  1634;  and  it  was 
named  Maryland,  from  Henrietta  Maria,  the  queen  of  Charles. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1776  ;  since  which         .     . 
time  many  amendments  have  been  made.     The  legislative  power  is  and  govem- 
vested  in  a  senate,  consisting  of  15  members,  and  a  house  of  dele-     menti 
gates,  consisting  of  80  members ;  and  these  two  branches  united  are  styled 
The  General  Assembly  of  Maryland. 

The  members  of  the  house  of  delegates,  four  from  each  county,  are  elected 
annually  by  the  people,  on  the  first  Monday  in  October ;  and  the  members  of 
the  senate  are  elected  every  fifth  year  on  the  third  Monday  in  September,  at 
Annapolis,  by  electors  who  are  chosen  by  the  people  on  the  first  Monday  of  the 
same  month  of  September.  These  electors  choose  by  ballot  nine  senators  from 
the  Western  Shore,  and  six  from  the  Eastern,  who  hold  their  office  five  years. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  annually  on  the 
first  Monday  in  January,  by  a  joint  ballot  of  both  houses  of  the  general  assem 
bly.  No  one  can  hold  the  office  of  governor  more  than  three  years  succes 
sively,  nor  be  eligible  as  governor  until  the  expiration  of  four  years  after  he  has 

M 


90  MARYLAND. 

been  out  of  that  office.  The  governor  is  assisted  by  a  council  of  five  members, 
who  are  chosen  annually  by  a  joint  ballot  of  the  senate  and  house  of  delegates. 

The  general  assembly  meets  annually  (at  Annapolis)  on  the  last  Monday  in 
December.  The  council  of  the  governor  is  elected  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  Jan 
uary  ;  the  governor  nominates  to  office,  and  the  council  appoints. 

The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  suffrage  to  every  free  white  male  citizen, 
above  21  years  of  age,  having  resided  twelve  months  within  the  state,  and  six 
months  in  the  county,  or  in  the  city  of  Annapolis  or  Baltimore,  next  preceding 
the  election  at  which  he  offers  to  vote. 

The  chancellor  and  judges  are  nominated  by  the  governor,  and  appointed  by 
the  council ;  and  they  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior. 

The  executive  council,  consisting  of  five  members,  are  elected  annually  on 
the  first  Tuesday  in  January ;  and  in  case  of  the  demise  of  the  governor  during 
his  term  of  office,  the  first  named  of  the  council,  for  the  time  being,  becomes 
the  governor  of  the  state,  till  the  next  meeting  of  the  general  assembly.  In 
appointing  officers  under  the  state,  the  governor  has  the  right  of  nomination, 
and  the  council  the  right  of  appointment.  The  governor  does  not  possess  the 
power  of  a  veto  on  the  acts  of  the  general  assembly. 

The  house  of  delegates  is  composed  of  80  members,  elected  annually,  four 
from  each  of  the  19  counties,  and  two  from  each  of  the  cities  of  Annapolis  and 
Baltimore.  The  senate  consists  of  15  members,  elected  for  five  years,  by  an 
electoral  college  of  40  members,  two  from  each  of  the  counties,  and  one  from 
each  of  the  cities  of  Annapolis  and  Baltimore.  The  electors  are  chosen  on  the 
first  Monday  in  September  every  5th  year,  and  they  elect  the  senators  on  the 
succeeding  3d  Monday  in  September. 

One  of  the  peculiarities  of  the  declaration  of  rights  of  the  state  is  the  section 
which  declares,  "  That  every  gift,  sale,  or  devise  of  lands,  to  any  minister, 
public  teacher,  or  preacher  of  the  gospel,  as  such,  or  to  any  religious  sect,  order, 
or  denomination,  or  to  or  for  the  support,  use,  or  benefit  of,  or  in  trust  for,  any 
minister,  public  teacher,  or  preacher  of  the  gospel,  as  such,  or  any  religious 
sect,  order,  or  denomination;  and  every  gift  or  sale  of  goods  or  chattels  to  go 
in  succession,  or  to  take  place  after  the  death  of  the  seller  or  donor,  or  to  or  for 
such  support,  use,  or  benefit,  and  also  every  devise  of  goods  or  chattels  to  or 
for  the  support,  use,  or  benefit  ot  any  minister,  public  teacher,  or  preacher  of 
the  gospel,  as  such,  or  any  religious  sect,  order,  or  denomination,  without  the 
leave  of  the  legislature,  shall  be  void ;  except  always  any  sale,  gift,  lease,  or 
devise,  of  any  quantity  of  land  not  exceeding  two  acres  for  a  church,  meeting, 
or  other  house  of  worship  and  for  a  burying  ground,  which  shall  be  improved, 
enjoyed,  or  used  only  for  such  purposes,  or  such  sale,  gift,  lease,  or  devise 
shall  be  void." 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  $2,666f . 

This  state  sends  eight  representatives  to  congress. 


VIRGINIA. 

VIRGINIA. 


91 


ARMS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

VIRGINIA  is  bounded  N.  by  Pennsylvania ;  N.  E.  by  Maryland ;  E.  by  the 
Atlantic ;  S.  by  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee ;  W.  by  Kentucky  and  Ohio. 
It  lies  between  36°  30'  and  40°  43'  N.  lat.  and  between  6°  34'  W.  and  1°  20' 
E.  long.  It  is  370  miles  long,  and  contains  about  64,000  square  miles. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Eastern  District. 

Counties.                       |     Whites.      1       Slaves. 

Blacks. 

Total  Pop. 
16SO. 

County  Towns. 

Distance 
from  Richmond. 

Accomac                  e 

9,458 

4,654 

2,544 

19,656 

Accomac  C.  H. 

214 

Albemarle              m 

10,455 

11,689 

484 

22,618 

Charlottesville 

81 

Amelia                 s?n 

3,293 

7,518 

220 

11,031 

Amelia  C.  H. 

47 

Amherst                 m 

5,879 

5,927 

263 

12,072 

Amherst  C.  H. 

136 

Bedford                    s 

11,113 

8,790 

341 

20,253 

Liberty 

145 

Brunswick              s 

5,397 

9,760 

612 

15,770 

Lawrenceville 

69 

Buckingham        nm 

7,172 

10,928 

245 

18,351 

Buckingham  C.  H. 

87 

Campbell              sm 

7,497 

7,735 

478 

15,704 

Campbell  C.  H. 

132 

Lynchburg,  town 

2,490 

1,751 

385 

4,626 

Lynchburg 

120 

Caroline                em 

6,490 

10,764 

520 

17,774 

Bowling  Green 

44 

Charles  City         em 

1,782 

2,957 

761 

5,504 

Charles  City  C.  H. 

30 

Charlotte              sm 

5,583 

9,433 

236 

15,252 

Charlotte  C.  H. 

96 

Chesterfield          em 

7,709 

10,337 

591 

18,637 

Chesterfield  C.  H. 

14 

Culpeper             nm 

12,044 

11,419 

563 

24,026 

Culpeper  C.  H. 

94 

Cumberland           m 

4,054 

7,309 

326 

11,689 

Cumberland  C.  H. 

55 

Dinwiddie            sm 

7,709 

10,337 

591 

18,637 

Dinwiddie  C.  H. 

40 

Petersburg,  town 

3,440 

2,850 

2,032 

8,322 

22 

Elizabeth  City       se 

2,704 

2,218 

131 

5,068 

Hampton 

96 

Essex                       e 

3,647 

6,417 

467 

10,531 

Tappahannock 

50 

Fairfax                  ne 

4,892 

3,972 

311 

9,206 

Fairfax  C.  H. 

129 

Fauquier              nm 

13,116 

12,612 

621 

26,379 

Warrenton 

107 

Fluvanna                m 

4,223 

3,795 

203 

8,221 

Palmyra 

59 

Franklin                  s 

9,728 

4,988 

195 

14,911 

Rocky  Mount 

185 

Gloucester              e 

4,314 

5,691 

603 

10,608 

Gloucester  C.  H. 

82 

Goochland              m 

3,857 

5,706 

795 

10,358 

Goochland  C.  H. 

28 

92 


VIRGINIA. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.—  Continued. 

Eastern  District.  —  Continued. 

Counties.                              White..             Slave..            B^B,           """^^                        Couoty  Town.,                   from^mond. 

Greenville               s 

2,104 

4,681 

332 

7,117 

Hicksford 

63 

Halifax                    s 

12,915 

14,527 

590 

28,032 

Halifax  C.  H. 

130 

Hanover               em 

6,526 

9,278 

449 

16,253 

Hanover  C.  H. 

20 

Henrico                em 

5,717 

5,934 

1,089 

12,738 

) 

Richmond,  city 

7,757 

6,345 

1,960 

16,060 

>  JVICHMOND. 

Henry                     s 

4,058 

2,868 

174 

7,100 

Martinsville 

207 

Isle  of  Wight       se 

5,023 

4,272 

1,222 

10,517 

Smithfield 

180 

James  City              e 

1,284 

1,983 

571 

3,838 

Williamsburg 

60 

King  &  Queen       e 

4,714 

6,514 

416 

11,644 

K'g  &  Q'n  C.  H. 

49 

King  George         ne 
King  William      em 

2,475 
3,155 

3,635 
6,310 

287 
347 

6,397 
9,812 

King  George  C.  H. 
King  William  C.H. 

88 
27 

Lancaster                e 

1,976 

2,631 

195 

4,800 

Lancaster  C.  H. 

83 

Loudon                 ne 

15,517 

5,360 

1,062 

21,938 

Leesburg 

153 

Louisa                    m 

6,468 

9,382 

301 

16,151 

Louisa  C.  H. 

54 

Lunenburg              s 

4,479 

7,233 

245 

11,957 

Lunenburg  C.  H. 

91 

Madison                 m 

4,389 

4,873 

71 

9,236 

Madison 

110 

Matthews                e 

3,995 

3,481 

189 

7,663 

Matthews  C.  H. 

100 

Mecklenburg          s 

7,443 

11,950 

874 

20,366 

Boydton 

118 

Middlesex                e 

1,870 

2,137 

118 

4,122 

Urbanna 

83 

Nansemond            se 

5,143 

4,943 

1,698 

11,784 

Suffolk 

102 

Nelson                   m 

5,186 

5,946 

122 

11,251 

Lovington 

118 

New  Kent           em 

2,586 

3,530 

342 

6,457 

New  Kent  C.  H. 

30 

Norfolk                 se 

8,180 

5,842 

966 

14,998 

)  Portsmouth 

116 

Norfolk,  borough 

5,131 

3,757 

928 

9,816 

j  Norfolk 

112 

Northampton          e 

3,573 

3,734 

1,334 

8,644 

Eastville 

174 

Northumberland      e 

4,029 

3,357 

567 

7,953 

Northum'd  C.  H. 

92 

Nottoway             sm 

2,949 

6,985 

223 

10,141 

Nottoway  C.  H. 

67 

Orange                   m 

6,456 

7,983 

198 

14,637 

Orange 

80 

Patrick                   s 

5,494 

1,782 

117 

7,393 

Patrick  C.  H. 

241 

Pittsylvania            s 

14,690 

10,992 

340 

26,022 

Pittsylvania  C.  H. 

167 

Powhatan              m 

2,661 

5,472 

384 

8,517 

Scotsville 

32 

Prince  Edward     sm 

5,039 

8,593 

475 

14,107 

Prince  Edw.  C.  H. 

75 

Prince  George     em 
Prince  William    ne 

3,066 
5,127 

4,598 
3,842 

700 
361 

8,368 
9,330 

City  Point 
Brentsville 

34 
104 

Princess  Anne       se 

5,023 

3,736 

343 

9,102 

Princess  Anne  C.  H. 

137 

Richmond                e 

2,975 

2,630 

451 

6,056 

Richmond  C.  H. 

56 

Southampton         se 

6,573 

7,755 

1,745 

16,073 

Jerusalem 

81 

Spottsylvania       em 
Fred'ksburg,  (own 

4,685 
1,798 

6,925 
1,125 

310 
384 

11,920 
3,307 

>  Fredericksburg. 

66 

Stafford                 ne 

4,713 

4,164 

485 

9,362 

Stafford  C.  H. 

76 

Surrey                   se 

2,865 

3,377 

866 

7,108 

Surrey  C.  H. 

60 

Sussex                   se 

4,118 

7,736 

866 

12,720 

Sussex  C.  H. 

50 

Warwick               se 

619 

892 

27 

1,570 

Warwick  C.  H. 

81 

Westmoreland        e 

3,718 

3,845 

848 

8,411 

Westmoreland  C.H. 

70 

York                       e 

2,129 

2,598 

627 

5,354 

Yorktown 

72 

65  Total  of  E.Dist. 

375,940 

416,259 

40,780 

832,979 

Western  District. 

Alleghany             m 

2,197 

571 

48 

2,816 

Covington 

191 

Augusta,  North     m 
Augusta,  South     m 

7,208 
8,048 

1,677 

2,588 

257 
147 

9,142 
10,783 

v  Staunton. 

121 

Bath                      m 

2,803 

1,140 

65 

4,008 

Bath  C.  H. 

170 

Berkeley                 n 
Botetourt              sm 

8,323 

11,808 

1,919 
4,170 

276 
386 

10,528 
16,354 

Martinsburg 
Fincastle 

172 

196 

Brooke                 nw 

6,774 

227 

39 

7,040 

Wellsburg 

373 

2abell                     w 

5,267 

561 

56 

5,884 

CabellC.H. 

344 

Frederick,  East      n 
Frederick,  West    n 

8,104 
9,260 

5,342 

2,088 

653 
598 

14,099 
11,946 

I  Winchester 

150 

Giles                      w 

4,779 

470 

49 

5,298 

Giles  C.  H. 

240 

VIRGINIA, 


93 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.—  Continued. 

Western  District.  —  Continued. 

Counties. 

Whites. 

Slaves. 

Free 
Blacks. 

Total  Pop. 
1890. 

County  Town*. 

Distance 
From  Richmond. 

Grayson                   s 

7,161 

462 

52 

7,675 

Grayson  C.  H. 

276 

jreenbrier           wm 

7,791 

1,159 

a*> 

9,015 

jewisburg 

221 

Harrison,  E.         nw 
Harrison,  W.       nw 

9,443 
4,404 

626 
145 

50 
10 

10,119 

4,558 

>  Clarksburg 

260 

Hampshire             n 

9,796 

1,330 

153 

11,279 

iomney 

195 

Hardy                     n 

5,408 

1,167 

223 

6,798 

VToorfields 

195 

Jefferson                 n 

8,438 

3,999 

493 

12,927 

Charleston 

182 

Kenhawa               w 

7,468 

1,718 

75 

9,261 

ienhawa  C.  H. 

308 

Lee                       sw 

5,830 

612 

19 

6,461 

Fonesville 

392 

Lewis                 wm 

6,066 

162 

13 

6,241 

Weston 

249 

Logan                     w 

3,511 

163 

6 

3,680 

Logan  C.  H. 

324 

Monongalia,  E.       n 
Monongalia,  W.     n 

6,352 
7,223 

233 
129 

103 
16 

6,688 
7,368 

>  Morgantown 

293 

Mason                    w 

5,776 

713 

45 

6,534 

Point  Pleasant 

371 

Monroe               wm 

7,033 

682 

83 

7,798 

Union 

208 

Montgomery        sw 
Morgan                  n 

10,212 
2,517 

2,037 
153 

55 

22 

12,304 
2,692 

Dhristiansburg 
Berkeley  Springs 

206 
186 

Nicholas             wm 

3,229 

119 

1 

3,349 

Nicholas  C.  H. 

268 

Ohio                    nw 

15,033 

362 

195 

15,590 

Wheeling 

357 

Pendleton            nm 

5,750 

498 

23 

6,271 

Franklin 

171 

Pocahontas          wm 

2,297 

227 

17 

2,541 

Huntersville 

191 

Preston                  n 

4,947 

125 

27 

5,099 

Ringwood 

261 

Randolph             nm 

4,426 

259 

115 

5,000 

Beverly 

210 

Rockbridge            m 

10,465 

3,398 

381 

14,244 

Lexington 

156 

Rockingham          m 

17,814 

2,331 

548 

20,693 

Harrisonburg 

122 

Russell                 sw 

6,002 

679 

36 

6,717 

Lebanon 

330 

Scott                    sw 

5,319 

338 

15 

5,702 

Estillville 

368 

Shenandoah,  E. 
Shenandoah,  W.  nm 

7,171 

9,698 

992 
1,431 

164 
294 

8,327 
11,423 

I  Woodstock 

156 

Tazewell              sw 

4,912 

820 

18 

4,104 

Tazewell  C.  H. 

290 

Tyler                   nw 

3,991 

108 

P 

5,750 

Middlebourne 

307 

Washington         sw 

12,785 

2,568 

261 

15,614 

Abington 

309 

Wood                     w 

5,487 

873 

49 

6,409 

Parkersburff 

299 

Wythe                 sw 

9,952 

2,094 

117 

12,163 

Wythe 

253 

45     Total  W.  Dist. 

318,505 

53,465 

6,323 

378,293 

110    Total  of  Virg 

694,445 

469,724 

47,103 

1,211,272 

Population. 

In  1790,  747,610 
1800,  880,200 
1810,  974,622 
1820,  1,065,366 
1830,  1,211,272 


Population  at  different  Periods. 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  132,590 
1800      1810,     94,422 

1810      1820,     90,744 

1820      1830,  145,906 


Slaves. 

292,627 
346,968 
392,518 
425,153 
469,724 


The  principal  rivers  are  the  Potomac,  Shenandoah,  Rappahannock,  Matta- 
pony,  Pamunky,  York,  James,  Rivanna,  Appomatox,  Elizabeth,  Nottaway, 
Meherrin,  Staunton,  Kenhawa,  Ohio,  Sandy,  Monongahela,  and  Cheat. 


PROFILE  VIEW  OF  THE  DISMAL  SWAMP  CANAL. 

The  Dismal  Swamp  Canal,  22  miles  long,  opens  a  communication  between 
Norfolk,  in  Virginia,  and  Elizabeth  City,  in  North  Carolina. 


94  VIRGINIA. 

The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal,  which  is  to  extend  from  the  city  of  Wash 
ington  to  the  river  Ohio,  is  now  in  progress.  Its  course  is  partly  on  the  Vir 
ginia,  and  partly  on  the  Maryland  side  of  the  Potomac. 

The  staple  productions  of  Virginia  are  wheat  and  tobacco.  The  exports  of 
the  state,  for  the  year  ending  September  30,  1829,  amounted  to  $3,787,000. 

The  state  of  Virginia  may  be  divided  into  four  zones,  essentially  differing 
from  one  another.  The  first  extending  from  the  sea-coast  to  the  termination  of 
tide  at  Fredericksburg,  Richmond,  &c.,  is  low  and  flat,  sometimes  fenny, 
Sometimes  sandy,  and  on  the  margin  of  rivers  composed  of  a  rich  loam  covered 
with  a  luxuriant  and  even  rank  vegetation.  This  part  is  unhealthy  in  the 
months  of  August,  September,  and  October. 

The  next  division  extends  from  the  head  of  tide-water  to  the  Blue  Ridge.  The 
surface  near  the  tide-water  is  level ;  higher  up  the  rivers  it  becomes  swelling  ; 
and  near  the  mountains  it  is  often  abrupt  and  broken.  The  soil  is  divided  into  sec 
tions  of  very  unequal  quality,  parallel  to  each  other,  and  extending  throughout 
the  state.  The  parallel  of  Chesterfield,  Henrico,  Hanover,  &c,  is  a  thin,  sandy, 
and,  except  on  the  rivers,  an  unproductive  soil.  That  of  Goochland,  Cumber 
land,  Prince  Edward,  Halifax,  &c.,  is  generally  fertile.  Fluvanna,  Bucking 
ham,  Campbell,  Pittsylvania,  again,  are  poor;  and  Culpeper,  Orange,  Albe- 
marle,  Bedford,  &c.,  a  rich,  though  frequently  a  stony,  broken  soil,  on  a  sub 
stratum  of  tenacious  and  red-colored  clay.  The  population  of  this  section, 
especially  near  the  mountains,  is  more  robust  and  healthy  than  that  of  any 
other  part  of  the  state.  The  scenery  of  the  upper  part  is  highly  picturesque 
and  romantic.  There  is  a  vein  of  lime-stone  running  through  Albemarle, 
Orange,  &c.  Pit  coal  of  a  good  quality  is  found  within  20  miles  above  Rich 
mond,  on  James  river. 

The  third  division  is  the  valley  between  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  North  and  Alle- 
ghany  mountains ;  a  valley  which  extends,  with  little  interruption,  from  the 
Potomac,  across  the  state,  to  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee,  narrower,  but  of 
greater  length  than  either  the  preceding  divisions.  The  soil  is  a  mould  formed 
on  a  bed  of  lime-stone.  The  surface  of  the  valley  is  sometimes  broken  by 
sharp  and  solitary  mountains  detached  from  the  general  chain,  the  sides  of 
which,  nearly  bare,  or  but  thinly  covered  with  blasted  pines,  form  disagreeable 
objects  in  the  landscape.  The  bed  of  the  valley  is  fertile,  producing  good  crops 
of  Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  buckwheat,  hemp,  flax,  timothy,  and  clover. 
The  farms  are  smaller  than  in  the  lower  parts  of  Virginia,  and  the  cultivation 
is  better.  Here  are  few  slaves.  This  valley  has  inexhaustible  mines  of  excel 
lent  iron  ore.  Chalk  is  found  in  Botetourt  county. 

The  fourth  division  extends  from  the  Alleghany  mountains  to  the  river  Ohio ; 
a  country  wild  and  broken,  in  some  parts  fertile,  but  generally  lean  or  barren 
but  having  mines  of  iron,  lead,  coal,  salt,  &c. — The  soil  of  a  great  proportion 
of  the  county  of  Randolph  and  the  adjacent  counties  in  the  north-west  part  of 
the  state,  is  of  an  excellent  quality,  producing  large  crops  of  grain.  The  sur 
face  is  uneven  and  hilly.  The  county  is  well  watered,  is  excellent  for  grazing, 
and  has  a  very  healthy  climate. 

There  are  many  mineral  springs  in  Virginia.  The  hot  and  warm  springs 
of  Bath  county,  the  sweet  springs  of  Monroe  county,  the  sulphur  springs  of 
Greenbrier  and  of  Montgomery  counties,  and  the  baths  of  Berkeley  county,  are 
much  frequented.  The  most  remarkable  curiosities  are  the  Natural  Bridge, 
the  passage  of  the  Potomac  at  Harper's  Ferry,  the  cataract  of  Falling  Spring, 
and  several  caves. 

Gold  Mines  Since  the  year  1827,  the  gold  mines  of  Virginia  have  attracted 
'  considerable  attention.  The  belt  of  country  in  which  they  are  found 
extends  through  Spotsylvania  and  some  neighboring  counties.  The  gold  region 
abounds  in  quartz,  which  contains  cubes  of  sulphuret  of  iron.  These  cubes  are 
often  partly  or  totally  decomposed ;  and  the  cells  thus  created  are  sometimes 


VIRGINIA.  95 

filled  with  gold.  The  gold  is  found  on  the  surface,  and  in  the  structure  of  quartz ; 
but  in  greatest  abundance  resting  upon  slate,  and  in  its  fissures.  The  gold  is 
diffused  over  large  surfaces,  and  has  not  yet  been  found  sufficiently  in  mass, 
except  in  a  few  places,  to  make  mining  profitable.  The  method  of  obtaining 
the  metal  is  by  nitration,  or  washing  the  earth,  and  by  an  amalgam  of  quick 
silver.  The  average  value  of  the  earth  yielding  gold  is  stated  at  20  cents  a 
bushel.  The  amount  received  from  this  state  at  the  United  States'  mint  in  1830 
was  $24,000. 

The  number  of  cotton  manufactories  in  this  state  in  1832  was  seven,  with  an 
aggregate  capital  of  290,000  dollars,  making  annually  675,000  yards  of  cloth. 

The  Natural  Bridge,  the  must  sublime  of  nature's  works,  is  on  the  ascent  of 
a  hill,  which  seems  to  have  been  cloven  through  its  length  by  some  great  con 
vulsion.  The  fissure,  just  at  the  bridge,  is  by  some  admeasurements  270  feet 
deep,  by  others  only  205.  It  is  about  45  feet  wide  at  the  bottom,  and  90  feet 
at  the  top — this  of  course  determines  the  length  of  the  bridge,  and  its  height 
from  the  water.  The  breadth  in  the  middle  is  about  60  feet,  but  more  at  the 
ends,  and  the  thickness  of  the  mass  at  the  summit  of  the  arch,  about  40  feet. 
A  part  of  this  thickness  is  constituted  by  a  coat  of  earth,  which  gives  growth 
to  many  large  trees.  The  residue,  with  the  hill  on  both  sides,  is  one  solid  rock 
of  lime-stone. 

The  arch  approaches  the  semi -elliptical  form,  but  the  larger  axis  of  the 
ellipsis,  which  would  be  the  cord  of  the  arch,  is  many  times  longer  than  the 
transverse.  Though  the  sides  of  this  bridge  are  provided,  in  some  parts,  with 
a  parapet  of  fixed  rocks,  yet  few  men  have  resolution  to  walk  to  them  and  look 
over  into  the  abyss.  You  involuntarily  fall  on  your  hands  and  feet,  creep  to 
the  parapet,  and  peep  over  it. 

If  the  view  from  the  top  be  painful  and  intolerable,  that  from  below  is  delight 
ful  in  an  equal  extreme.  It  is  impossible  for  the  emotions  arising  out  of  the 
sublime  to  be  felt  beyond  what  they  are  here ;  so  beautiful  an  arch,  so  elevated, 
so  light,  and  springing,  as  it  were,  up  to  heaven,  the  rapture  of  the  spectacle  is 
really  indescribable. 

"  The  fissure  continuing  narrow,  deep,  and  straight  for  a  considerable  dis 
tance  above  and  below  the  bridge,  opens  a  short  but  very  pleasing  view  of  the 
North  Mountain  on  one  side,  and  the  Blue  Ridge  on  the  other,  at  the  distance, 
each  of  them,  of  about  five  miles.  This  bridge  is  in  the  county  of  Rockbridge, 
to  which  it  has  given  name ;  and  affords  a  public  and  commodious  passage 
over  a  valley,  which  cannot  be  crossed  elsewhere  for  a  considerable  distance. 
The  stream  passing  under  it,  is  called  Cedar  creek.  It  is  a  tributary  of  James' 
river,  and  sufficient  in  the  driest  season  to  turn  a  grist-mill,  though  its  fountain 
is  not  more  than  two  miles  above. 

The  following  account  is  from  another  source :  "  As  we  stood  under  this 
beautiful  arch,  we  saw  the  place  where  visitors  have  often  taken  the  pains  to 
engrave  their  names  upon  the  rock.  Here  Washington  climbed  up  25  feet  and 
carved  his  own  name,  where  it  still  remains.  Some  wishing  to  immortalize 
their  names,  have  engraved  them  deep  and  large,  while  others  have  tried  to 
climb  up  and  insert  them  high  in  this  book  of  fame* 

"  A  few  years  since,  a  young  man,  being  ambitious  to  place  his  name  above 
all  others,  came  very  near  losing  his  life  in  the  attempt.  After  much  fatigue 
he  climbed  up  as  high  as  possible,  but  found  that  the  person  who  had  before 
occupied  his  place  wa»  taller  than  himself,  and  consequently  had  placed  his 
name  above  his  reach.  But  he  was  not  thus  to  be  discouraged.  He  opened  a 
large  jack-knife,  and  in  the  soft  lime-stone  began  to  cut  places  for  his  hands  and 
feet.  With  much  patience  and  industry  he  worked  his  way  upwards,  and  suc 
ceeded  in  carving  his  name  higher  than  the  most  ambitious  had  done  before 
him. 

"  He  could  now  triumph,  but  his  triumph  was  short,  for  he  was  placed  in 


96  VIRGINIA. 

such  a  situation  that  it  was  impossible  to  descend  unless  he  fell  upon  the  ragged 
rocks  beneath  him.  There  was  no  house  near,  from  which  his  companions 
could  get  assistance.  He  could  not  remain  in  that  condition,  and,  what  was 
worse,  his  friends  were  too  much  frightened  to  do  any  thing  for  his  relief.  They 
looked  upon  him  as  already  dead,  expecting  every  moment  to  see  him  precipi 
tated  upon  the  rocks  below,  and  dashed  to  pieces.  Not  so  with  himself.  He 
determined  to  ascend.  Accordingly  he  plied  himself  with  his  knife,  cutting 
places  for  his  hands  and  feet,  and  gradually  ascended  with  incredible  labor.  He 
exerted  every  muscle.  His  life  was  at  stake,  and  all  the  terrors  of  death  arose 
before  him.  He  dared  not  look  downwards  lest  his  head  should  become  dizzy, 
and  perhaps  on  this  circumstance  his  life  depended. 

"  His  companions  stood  at  the  top  of  the  rock  exhorting  and  encouraging 
him.  His  strength  was  almost  exhausted ;  but  a  bare  possibility  of  saving  his* 
life  still  remained,  and  hope,  the  last  friend  of  the  distressed,  had  not  yet  for 
saken  him.  His  course  upwards  was  rather  oblique  than  perpendicular.  His 
most  critical  moment  had  now  arrived.  He  had  ascended  considerably  more 
than  200  feet,  and  had  still  further  to  rise,  when  he  felt  himself  fast  growing 
weak.  He  now  made  his  last  effort,  and  succeeded.  He  had  cut  his  way  not 
far  from  250  feet  from  the  water,  in  a  course  almost  perpendicular ;  and  in  a 
little  less  than  two  hours,  his  anxious  companions  reached  him  a  pole  from  the 
top,  and  drew  him  up.  They  received  him  with  shouts  of  joy ;  but  he  himself 
was  completely  exhausted.  He  immediately  fainted  away  on  reaching  the  spot, 
and  it  was  some  time  before  he  could  be  recovered ! 

"  It  was  interesting  to  see  the  path  up  these  awful  rocks,  and  to  follow  in 
imagination  this  bold  youth  as  he  thus  saved  his  life.  His  name  stands  far 
above  all  the  rest,  a  monument  of  hardihood,  of  rashness,  and  of  folly." 

The  passage  of  the  Potomac  through  the  Blue  Ridge,  says  Mr.  Jefferson,  is 
perhaps  one  of  the  most  stupendous  scenes  in  nature.  You  stand  on  a  very 
high  point  of  land.  On  your  right  comes  the  Shenandoah,  having  ranged 
along  the  foot  of  the  mountain  a  hundred  miles  to  seek  a  vent.  On  your  left 
approaches  the  Potomac  in  quest  of  a  passage  also.  In  the  moment  of  their 
junction  they  rush  together  against  the  mountain,  rend  it  asunder,  and  pass  off 
to  the  sea. 

The  first  glance  of  this  scene  hurries  our  senses  into  the  opinion  that  the 
mountains  were  formed  first ;  that  the  rivers  began  to  flow  afterwards ;  that 
in  this  place  particularly  they  have  been  dammed  up  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and 
have  formed  an  ocean  which  filled  the  whole  valley ;  that,  continuing  to  rise, 
they  have  at  length  broken  over  at  this  spot,  and  have  torn  the  mountain  down 
from  its  summit  to  its  base.  The  piles  of  rock  on  each  side,  but  particularly 
on  the  Shenandoah,  the  evident  marks  of  their  disrupture  and  avulsion  from 
their  beds  by  the  most  powerful  agents  of  nature  corroborate  the  impression. 

But  the  distant  finishing  which  nature  has  given  to  the  picture  is  of  a  very 
different  character.  It  is  a  true  contrast  to  the  foreground.  It  is  as  placid  and 
delightful  as  that  is  wild  and  tremendous.  For  the  mountain  being  cloven 
asunder,  she  presents  to  your  eye,  through  the  cleft,  a  small  catch  of  smooth 
blue  horizon,  at  an  infinite  distance  in  the  plain  country,  inviting  you,  as  it 
were,  from  the  riot  and  tumult  roaring  around,  to  pass  through  the  breach,  and 
participate  the  calm  below. 

Here  the  eye  ultimately  composes  itself,  and  that  way  too  the  road  happens 
to  lead.  You  cross  the  Potomac  above  the  junction,  pass  along  its  side  through 
the  base  of  the  mountain  for  three  miles,  its  terrible  precipices  hanging  in  frag 
ments  over  you,  and  within  about  20  miles  reach  Fredericktown,  and  the  fine 
country  around.  This  scene  is  worth  a  voyage  across  the  Atlantic.  Yet  here, 
as  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Natural  Bridge,  are  people  who  have  passed  their 
lives  within  a  half  dozen  miles,  and  have  never  been  to  survey  these  monu- 


VIRGINIA.  «J7 

mcnts  of  a  war  between  rivers  and  mountains,  which  must  have  shaken  the 
earth  itself  to  its  centre. 

In  the  lime-stone  country  of  Virginia  there  are  several  caves  of  considerabla 
extent.  The  most  remarkable  one  is  Wier's  Cave,  which  is  on  the  north  side  of 
the  Blue  Ridge,  and  on  the  south  fork  of  the  Shenandoah.  It  is  in  a  hill,  which  is 
about  200  feet  in  perpendicular  height,  and  so  steep  that  you  may  pitch  a  bis 
cuit  from  its  summit  into  the  river  which  washes  its  base.  It  was  discovered 
in  1804.  Its  entrance  is  only  about  100  yards  from  that  of  Madison's  Cave, 
another  celebrated  cavern,  which,  though  it  has  been  much  longer  known,  is 
greatly  inferior  to  Wier's  Cave.  The  following  is  an  account  of  a  visit  to  this 
extraordinary  place. 

There  were  three  of  us,  besides  our  guide,  with  lighted  torches,  and  our  loins 
girded,  now  ready  to  descend  into  the  cave.  We  took  our  lights  in  our  left 
hands,  and  entered.  The  mouth  was  so  small,  that  we  could  descend  only  by 
creeping  one  after  another.  A  descent  of  almost  20  yards  brought  us  into  the 
first  room.  The  cave  was  cold,  dark,  and  silent.  In  this  manner  we  proceeded, 
now  descending  30  or  40  feet — now  ascending  as  high — now  creeping  on  our 
hands  and  knees,  and  now  walking  in  large  rooms,  the  habitations  of  solitude. 

The  mountain  seems  to  be  composed  almost  wholly  of  lime-stone,  and,  by 
this  means,  the  cave  is  lined  throughout  with  the  most  beautiful  incrustations 
and  stalactites  of  carbonated  lime,  which  are  formed  by  the  continual  dripping 
of  the  water.  These  stalactites  are  of  various  and  elegant  shapes  and  colors, 
often  bearing  a  striking  resemblance  to  animated  nature.  At  one  place  we  saw 
over  our  heads  what  appeared  to  be  a  waterfall  of  the  most  delightful  kind, 
descending  12  or  15  feet.  Nor  could  the  imagination  be  easily  persuaded  that 
it  was  not  in  reality  a  waterfall.  You  could  see  the  water  dashing  and  boiling 
down,  with  its  white  spray  and  foam,  but  it  was  all  solid,  carbonated  lime-stone. 

Thus  we  passed  on  in  this  world  of  solitude ;  now  stopping  to  admire  the 
beauties  of  a  single  stalactite ;  now  wondering  at  the  magnificence  of  a  large 
room ;  now  creeping  through  narrow  passages,  hardly  wide  enough  to  admit 
the  body  of  a  man ;  and  now  walking  in  superb  galleries,  until  we  came  to  the 
largest  room,  called  Washington  Hall.  This  is  certainly  the  most  elegant  room 
I  ever  saw.  It  is  about  270  feet  in  length,  about  35  in  width,  and  between  30 
and  40  feet  high.  The  roof  and  sides  are  very  beautifully  adorned  by  the  tin 
sels  which  nature  has  bestowed  in  the  greatest  profusion,  and  which  sparkle 
jke  the  diamond,  while  surveyed  by  the  light  of  torches.  The  floor  is  flat, 
smooth,  and  solid. 

I  was  foremost  of  our  little  party  in  entering  this  room,  and  was  not  a  littlo 
startled  on  approaching  the  centre,  and  by  my  small  light  seeing  a  figure  as  it 
were  rising  up  before  me,  out  of  solid  rock.  It  was  not  far  from  seven  feet 
high,  and  corresponded  in  every  respect  to  the  common  idea  of  a  ghost.  It 
was  very  white,  and  resembled  a  tali  man  clothed  in  a  shroud.  I  went  up  to 
it  sideways,  though  I  could  not  really  expect  to  meet  a  ghost  in  a  place  like  this, 
On  examination,  I  found  it  was  a  very  beautiful  piece  of  the  carbonate  of  lime, 
very  transparent,  and  very  much  in  the  shape  of  a  man.  This  is  called  Wash 
ington's  Statue. 

In  one  room  we  found  an  excellent  spring  of  water,  which  boiled  up,  slaked 
our  thirst^  sunk  again  into  the  mountain,  and  was  seen  no  more.  In  another 
room  was  a  noble  pillar,  called  the  Tower  of  Babel.  It  is  composed  entirely 
of  stalactites  of  lime,  or,  as  its  appearance  would  seem  to  suggest,  of  petrified 
water.  It  is  about  30  feet  in  diameter,  and  a  little  more  than  90  in  circumfer 
ence,  and  about  30  high.  It  would  appear  as  if  there  must  be  many  millions 
of  stalactites  in  this  one  pillar. 

Thus  we  wandered  in  this  world  within  a  world  till  we  had  visited  12  very 
beautiful  rooms,  and  as  many  creeping  places,  and  had  now  arrived  at  the  end, 
a  distaEce  from  our  entrance  of  between  2,400  and  2,500  feet,  or  about  half  a 

N 


9S  VIRGINIA. 

mile.  We  here  found  ourselves  exceedingly  fatigued  ;  but  our  torches  forbade* 
our  delay,  and  we  once  more  turned  our  lingering  steps  towards  the  common 
world.  When  arrived  again  at  Washington  Hall,  one  of  the  company  three 
times  discharged  a  pistol,  whose  report  was  truly  deafening.  It  was  as  loud  as 
any  cannon  I  ever  heard,  and  as  its  sound  reverberated  and  echoed  through 
one  room  after  another,  till  it  died  away  in  distance,  it  seemed  like  the  moan- 
ings  of  spirits.  We  continued  our  wandering  steps  till  we  arrived  once  more 
at  daylight,  having  been  nearly  three  hours  in  the  cavern. 
Banks  in  Bank  of  Virginia  (incorporated  1804,)  at  Richmond,  with  branches 
1830.  at  Petersburg,  Norfolk,  Fredericksburg,  and  Lynchburg ;  Farmers' 
Bank  of  Virginia  (incorporated  1813,)  at  Richmond,  with  branches  at  Norfolk, 
Petersburg,  Fredericksburg,  Lynchburg,  Winchester,  and  Danville;  Bank 
of  the  Valley,  at  Winchester,  with  branches  at  Romney,  Charlestown,  and 
Leesburg  ;  North-western  Bai*ky  at  Wheeling.  The  aggregate  amount  of  bank 
capital  is  $5,607 ,000.  The  Bank  of  the  United  States  has  an  office  of  dis 
count  and  deposit  at  Richmond  and  Norfolk. 

Litera  r  Besides  the  University  of  Virginia,  incorporated  in  1819,  and  estab- 
'  lished  at  Charlottesville,  Albemarle  county,  there  are  three  colleges 
in  this  state ;  William  and  Mary  college,  at  Williamsburg ;  Hampden  Sidney 
college,  in  Prince  Edward  county,  on  Appomatox  river ;  and  Washington  col 
lege  at  Lexiagton,  west  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  near  James  river.  Academies  and 
common  schools  are  also  established  in  several  towns.  This  state  has  pro 
duced  a  number  of  eminent  characters,  of  whom  WASHINGTON,  the  Great  and 
the  Good,  is  of  most  illustrious  memory.  It  has  furnished  four  of  the  presi 
dents  of  the  Union.  Education  is,  however,  generally  much  neglected,  particu 
larly  among  the  lower  classes.  This  state  has  a  Literary  Fund,  created  in  1809, 
and  amounting,  in  available  capital,  according  to  a  late  report,  to  $1,510,689  71. 
The  income  during  the  year  1830  was  $71,887  94.  All  escheats,  confisca 
tions,  and  derelict  property ;  also  all  lands  forfeited  for  the  non-payment  of 
taxes,  and  all  sums  refunded  by  the  national  government  for  the  expenses  of 
the  late  war,  have  been  appropriated  to  the  encouragement  of  learning.  Of 
the  interest  of  the  fund,  $15,000  are  annually  appropriated  to  the  University 
of  Virginia,  and  $45,000  to  the  education  of  the  poor  in  the  different  counties, 
according  to  the  ratio  of  white  population. 

internal  im-     The  state  has  a  permanent  fund  devoted  to  the  purposes  of  internal 
provement.  improvement  of  $1,418,961  11 ;  and  a  disposable  fund  of  $681,630; 
total  $2,100,591  11;  [of  this  about  $475,000  is  at  present  unproductive.] 
Annual  income  from  both  funds,  $121,836  75*     This  fund  is  managed  by  13 
directors,  styled  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  10  of  whom  are  chosen  annually 
by  the  legislature,  3  from  the  Trans-Alleghany  District,  2  from  the  Valley  Dis 
trict,  3  from  the  Middle  District,  and  2  from  the  Tide- Water  District.     The 
governor,  treasurer,  and  first  auditor  of  the  state,  are,  ex  officio,  members.     In 
all  canals  and  roads  authorized  by  the  state,  this  fund  contributes  three-fifths 
of  the  stock.     The  Board  meets  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  January,  and 
the  members  are  paid  $4  a  day,  and  20  cents  a  mile  for  travel. 
The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1831  was  estimated  at  45. 
Reii  ions       "^e  Baptists  in  this  state  have  337  churches,  192  ministers,  and 
nendmTna-  39,440  communicants ;   the  Methodists,  77  preachers  and  27,947 
nous,  i83i.  mem|)ers  .  the  Presbyterians,  104  churches,  75  ministers,  15  licenti 
ates,  and  7,508  communicants ;  the  Episcopalians,  45  ministers ;  the  Friends 
are  considerably  numerous,  and  there  are  some  Lutherans,  Roman  Catholics, 
and  Jews. 

Histor          ^e  first  permanent  English  settlement  formed  in  America  was 
made,  in  1607,  by  105  adventurers,  on  James  river,  in  this  state,  at 
a  place  named  Jamestown,  in  honor  of  James  I.  of  England.     Several  unsuc 
cessful  attempts  had  been  made  in  the  latter  part  of  the  preceding  century 


VIRGINIA.  99 

during  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  in  honor  of  whom  the  country  was  named 
Virginia ;  which  name,  though  .now  limited  to  a  single  state,  at  the  time  of  the 
settlement  was  applied  to  all  the  country  in  America  lying  between  lat.  34° 
and  45°  N.  The  early  history  of  the  colony  is  replete  with  interesting  and 
affecting  incidents,  occasioned  by  dangers  and  calamities ;  by  sickness,  want, 
and  contests  with  the  Indians. 

By  this  constitution  the  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  senate  and 
a  house  of  delegates,  which  are  together  styled  The  General  Assem-  theConstitu- 
bly  of  Virginia.  The  house  of  delegates  consists  of  134  members,  l^n.'na™ejd 
chosen  annually ;  31  from  the  26  counties  west  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains ;  25  from  the  14  counties  between  the  Alleghany  mountains  and 
Blue  Ridge ;  42  from  the  29  counties  east  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  above  tide 
water  ;  and  36  from  the  counties,  cities,  towns,  and  boroughs  lying  upon  tide 
water.  The  senate  consists  of  32  members,  13  from  the  counties  west  of  the 
Blue  Ridge,  and  19  from  the  counties,  cities,  towns,. and  boroughs  east  thereof. 
The  senators  are  elected  for  four  years ;  and  the  seats  of  one-fourth  of  them 
are  vacated  every  year.  In  all  elections  to  any  office  or  place  of  trust,  honor, 
or  profit,  the  votes  are  given  openly,  or  viva  voce,  and  Jiot  by  ballot. 

A  reapportionment  for  representatives  in  both  houses,  is  to  take  place  every 
ten  years,  commencing  in  1841,  until  which  time  there  is  to  be  no  change  in 
the  number  of  delegates  and  senators  from  the  several  divisions ;  and  after  1841,, 
the  number  of  delegates  is  never  to  exceed  150 ;  nor  that  of  the  senators,  36, 

The  executive  .power  is  vested  in  a  governor  elected  by  the  joint  vote  of  the 
two  houses  of  the  general  assembly.  He  holds  his  office  three  years,  com 
mencing  on  the  1st  of  January  next  succeeding  his  election,  or  on  such  other 
day  as  may  be,  from  time  to  time,  prescribed  by  law ;  and  he  is  ineligible  for 
the  three  years  next  after  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office. 

There  is  a  council  of  state,  consisting  of  three  members  elected  for  three 
years,  by  the  joint  vote  of  the  two  houses ;  the  seat  of  one  being  vacated  an 
nually.  The  senior  counsellor  is  lieutenant-governor. 

The  judges  of  the  supreme  court  of  appeals  and  of  the  superior  courts  are 
elected  by  a  joint  vote  of  both  houses  of  the  general  assembly,  and  hold  their 
offices  during  good  behavior,  or  until  removed  by  a  concurrent  vote  of  both 
houses ;  but  two-thirds  of  the  members  present  must  concur  in  such  a  vote,  and 
the  cause  of  removal  be  entered  on  the  journals  of  each  house. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  extended  to  every  white  male  citizen  of  the  common- 
wealth,  resident  therein,  aged  21  years  and  upwards,  who  is  qualified  to  exer 
cise  the  right  of  suffrage  according  to  the  former  constitution  and  laws ; — or 
who  owns  a  freehold  of  the  value  of  $25 ;  or  who  has  a  joint  interest  to  the 
amount  of  $25  in  a  freehold  ; — or  who  has  a  life  -estate  in,  or  reversionary  title 
to,  land  of  the  value  of  $50,  having  been  so  -possessed  for  six  months ;  or 
who  shall  own  and  be  in  the  actual  occupation  of  a  leasehold  estate,  having  the 
title  recorded  two  months  before  he  shall  offer  to  vote — of  a  term  originally  not 
less  than  five  years,  and  of  the  annual  value  or  rent  of  $200 ; — or  who,  for 
twelve  months  before  offering  to  vote,  has  been  a  house-keeper  and  head  of  a 
family,  and  shall  have  been  assessed  with  a  part  of  the  revenue  of  the  com 
monwealth  within  the  preceding  year,  and  actually  paid  the  same. 

It  was  enacted  by  the  legislature,  that  the  state  elections  for  the  year  1831 
should  be  held  in  the  month  of  August,  on  the  respective  court  days  in  the  dif 
ferent  counties,  and  for  all  future  years,  in  the  month  of  April ;  that  the  elec 
tion  for  members  of  congress  should  be  held  in  1830,  in  August,  and,  after 
wards,  every  second  year,  in  April ;  that  the  election  of  electors  of  president 
and  vice-president  of  the  United  States  should  be  held  every  fourth  year  on  the 
1st  Monday  in  November;  that  the  legislature  should  meet  hereafter  on  the  1st 
Monday  in  December  •  that  the  term  of  the  office  of  governor  should  commence 
on  the  31st  of  March;  that  the  lieutenant-governor,  while  acting  as  governor, 


100 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


should  receive  the  same  compensation  as  the  governor ;  and  that  the  salaries 
of  the  officers  of  the  executive  department  should  remain  the  same  as  heretofore. 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  $3,333£. 

This  state  sends  21  representatives  to  congress. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


ARMS  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA. 


NORTH  CAROLINA  is  bounded  N.  by  Virginia ;  E.  by  the  Atlantic ;  S.  by 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  and  W.  by  Tennessee.  It  extends  from  lat.  33° 
50'  to  36°  30'  N.  and  from  long.  6°  20'  W.  to  1°  33'  E.  and  contains  48,600 
square  miles. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Raleigh. 

Anson                  s 

12,534 

14,081 

Wadesborough 

134 

Ashe                 nw 

4,335 

6,991 

Jeffersonton 

205 

Beaufort              e 

9,850 

10,949 

Washington 

122 

Bertie                em 

10,805 

12,276 

Windsor 

130 

Bladen                 s 

7,276 

7,801 

Elizabethtown 

99 

Brunswick           * 

5,480 

6,523 

Smithville 

178 

Buncombe          w 

10,542 

16,259 

Ashville 

259 

Burke                w 

13,412 

17,727 

Morgantown 

199 

Cabarras         wm 

7,248 

8,796 

Concord 

141 

Camden             ne 

6,347 

6,721 

New  Lebanon 

201 

Carteret              e 

5,609 

6,607 

Beaufort 

166 

Casvvell               n 

13,253 

15,188 

Caswell  C.  H. 

93 

Chatham            m 

12,661 

15,499 

Pittsborough 

33 

Chowan            ne 

6,464 

6,688 

Edenton 

155 

Columbus            s 

3,912 

4,141 

Whitesville 

138 

Craven                e 

13,394 

14,325 

Newbern 

120 

Cumberland       m 

14,446 

14,824 

Fayetteville 

61 

Oiirrituck          ne 

8,098 

7,654 

Currituck 

211 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 


101 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.—  Continued. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns 

Dist.  from 
Raleigh. 

Davidson         wm 

13,421 

Lexington 

110 

Duplin              sm 

9,744 

11,373 

Kenansville 

120 

Edgecombe        *n 

13,276 

14,933 

Tarborough 

72 

Franklin          nm 

9,741 

10,665 

Louisburg 

30 

Gates                ne 

6,837 

7,866 

Gates  C.  H. 

241 

Granville            n 

18,222 

19,343 

Oxford 

47 

Greene               m 

4,533 

6,313 

Snow  Hill 

84 

Guilford           wm 

14,511 

18,735 

Greensborough 

85 

Halifax               n 

17,237 

17,738 

Halifax 

86 

Haywood            w 

4,073 

4,593 

Haywood  C.  H. 

295 

Hertford            ne 

7,712 

8,541 

Winton 

129 

Hyde                   e 

4,967 

6,177 

Lake  Landing 

207 

Iradell                w 

13,071 

15,262 

Statesville 

146 

Johnston             m 

9,607 

10,938 

Smithfield 

27 

Jones                 se 

5,216 

5,628 

Trenton 

140 

Lenoir                m 

6,799 

7,635 

Kingston 

80 

Lincoln            sw 

18,147 

22,625 

Lincolnton 

169 

Macon                w 

5,390 

Franklin 

333 

Martin              ew 

6,320 

8,544 

Williamston 

106 

Mecklenburg    sw 

16,895 

20,076 

Charlotte 

150 

Montgomery    wm 

8,693 

10,918 

Lawrenceville 

109 

Moore                m 

7,128 

7,753 

Carthage 

69 

Nash                  m 

8,185 

8,492 

Nashville 

44 

New  Hanover   se 

10,866 

10,759 

Wilmington 

149 

Northampton      n 

13,242 

13,103 

Northamp.C.H. 

95 

Onslow              se 

7,016 

7,814 

Onslow  C.  H. 

188 

Orange               m 

23,492 

23,875 

Hillsborough 

41 

Pasquotank       ne 

8,008 

8,616 

Elizabeth  City 

189 

Perquimans       ne 

6,857 

7,417 

Hertford 

282 

Person                 n 

9,029 

10,027 

Roxborough 

60 

Pitt                   em 

10,001 

12,174 

Greenville 

97 

Randolph         wm 

11,331 

12,400 

Ashborough 

72 

Richmond           s 

7,537 

9,326 

Rockingham 

113 

Robeson              s 

8,204 

9,355 

Lumberton 

94 

Rockingham       n 

11,474 

12,920 

Wentworth 

108 

Rowan            wm 

26,009 

20,796 

Salisbury 

118 

Rutherford        sw 

15,351 

17,557 

Rutherfordton 

223 

Sampson            m 

8,908 

11,768 

Clinton 

96 

Stokes              nw 

14,033 

16,196 

Salem 

127 

Surrey             nw 

12,320 

14,501 

Rockford 

151 

Tyrrell               e 

4,319 

4,732 

Columbia 

170 

Wake                m 

20,102 

20,417 

RALEIGH 

Warren              n 

11,004 

10,916 

Warrenton 

57 

Washington        e 

3,986 

4,562 

Plymouth 

128 

Wayne               m 

9,040 

10,902 

Waynesboro' 

51 

Wilkes             nw 

9,967 

11,942 

Wilkesborough 

175 

64        Total 

638,829 

738,470—246,462  are  slaves. 

POPULATION  AT  DIFFERENT  PERIODS. 

Population.                                                                                                      Slaves. 

In  1790,  393,951                                                                             100,571 

1800,  478,103      Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  84,152           133,296 

1810,  555,500 

•      1800      1810,  77,397            168,824 

1820,  638,829              1810       1820,  83,329            205,017 
1S30    738  d70                                      1890        1«30     99  641               246.462 

102  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Along  the  whole  coast  of  North  Carolina  is  a  ridge  of  sand,  separated  from 
the  main  land,  in  some  places  by  narrow  sounds,  in  others  by  broad  bays. 
The  passages  or  inlets  through  it  are  shallow  and  dangerous,  and  Ocracoke 
inlet  is  the  only  one  north  of  Cape  Fear,  through  which  vessels  pass.  In  the 
counties  on  the  sea-coast,  the  land  is  low,  and  covered  with  extensive  swamps 
and  marshes,  and  for  -60  or  80  miles  from  the  shore  is  a  dead  level.  Beyond 
this,  the  country  swells  into  hills,  and  in  the  most  western  part  rises  into  moun 
tains.  Coal  has  lately  been  found  in  Chatham  county,  and  lead  ore  a  few  miles 
north  of  Raleigh.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Chowan,  Roanoke,  Pamlico 
Neuse,  Cape  Fear,  Yadkin,  Catawba,  and  Broad.  Most  of  the  produce  of 
North  Carolina  is  exported  from  the  neighboring  states.  Not  a  single  point 
has  yet  been  found  on  the  coast,  within  the  limits  of  the  state,  at  which  a  safe 
and  commodious  port  could  be  established.  Hitherto  the  productions  of  the 
northern  parts  of  the  state,  lying  on  the  Roanoke  and  its  branches,  and  also  on 
the  upper  parts  of  the  Tar  and  Neuse,  have  been  sent  to  the  markets  of  Virginia ; 
and  the  trade  of  Broad  river,  the  Catawba,  and  the  Yadkin,  has  gone  to  South 
Carolina.  The  principal  exports  are  pitch,  tar,  turpentine,  lumber,  rice,  cotton, 
tobacco,  wheat  and  Indian  corn.  The  value  of  the  exports  from  the  ports  of 
North  Carolina  in  1829  was  only  $564,000. 

In  the  level  parts  the  soil  generally  is  but  indifferent.  On  the  banks  of  some 
of  the  rivers,  however,  and  particularly  the  Roanoke,  it  is  remarkably  fertile ; 
and  in  other  parts,  glades  of  rich  swamp,  and  ridges  of  oak-land,  of  a  black 
and  fruitful  soil,  form  an  exception  to  its  general  sterility.  The  sea-coast,  the 
sounds,  inlets,  and  lower  parts  of  rivers,  have  invariably  a  soft  muddy  bottom. 
That  part  of  the  state  which  lies  west  of  the  .mountains,  is,  for  the  most  part, 
remarkably  fertile,  and  abounds  with  oak  trees  of  various  kinds,  walnut,  elm, 
line,  and  cherry  trees ;  the  last  of  which  grows  there  to  such  a  size  that  many 
of  them  are  three  feet  in  diameter.  The  soil  and  productions,  in  the  hilly 
country,  are  nearly  the  same  as  in  the  northern  states.  Wheat,  rye,  barley, 
oats,  and  flax,  are  the  crops  most  generally  cultivated,  and  seem  to  suit  well 
the  nature  of  the  soil.  Throughout  the  whole  state,  Indian  corn  arid  pulse  of 
all  kinds  are  abundant.  Cotton  is  raised  in  considerable  quantities. 

Of  the  plains  in  the  low  country,  the  large  natural  growth  is  almost  univer 
sally  pitch  pine,  a  tall  and  beautiful  tree,  which  grows  here  to  a  size  far  supe 
rior  to  the  pitch  pine  of  the  northern  states.  This  valuable  tree  affords  pitch, 
tar,  turpentine,  and  various  kinds  of  lumber,  which,  together,  constitute  about 
one-half  of  the  exports  of  North  Carolina.  It  is  of  two  kinds,  the  common  and 
the  long-leaved.  The  latter  differs  from  other  pines,  not  in  shape,  but  in  the 
length  of  its  leaves,  which  are  nearly  half  a  yard  long,  and  hang  in  large  clus 
ters.  The  trees  in  the  low  countries  both  of  North  and  South  Carolina,  are 
loaded  with  quantities  of  a  long-,  spongy  moss,  which,  hanging  in  clusters  from 
the  limbs,  give  to  the  forests  ra  singular  appearance.  The  misletoe  frequently 
engrafts  itself  upon  the  trees  in  the  back  country.  In  this  part  plums,  grapes, 
blackberries  and  strawberries  grow  spontaneously;  also  several  valuable 
medicinal  plants,  as  ginseng,  Virginia  snake-root,  Seneca  snake-root,  and  some 
others.  The  rich  bottoms  are  overgrown  with  canes,  the  leaves  of  which  con 
tinue  green  through  the  winter,  and  afford  good  pasture  for  cattle. 

North  Carolina  is  far  removed  from  that  perfection  of  culture  which  is  neces 
sary  to  give  it  the  full  advantage  of  the  natural  richness  of  its  soil  and  the  value 
of  its  productions.  One  great  cause  of  its  backwardness  in  agricultural  im 
provement,  is  the  want  of  inland  navigation  and  of  good  harbors. 

The  gold  mines  of  North  Carolina,  which  have  lately  excited  much 
'*'  interest,  are  found  on  the  Yadkin  and  its  branches,  in  the  neighbor 
hood  of  Wadesborough  and  Salisbury,  and  extend  over  a  considerable  district, 
in  almost  any  part  of  which  gold  may  be  found  in  greater  or  less  abundance, 


NORTH  CAROLINA.  103 

mixed  with  the  soil.     It  exists  in  grains  or  masses,  from  almost  imperceptible 
particles  to  lumps  of  two  pounds'  weight. 

The  first  account  of  gold  from  North  Carolina,  on  the  records  of  the  mint  of 
the  United  States,  occurs  in  1814,  in  which  year  it  was  received  to  the 
amount  of  $11,000.  It  continued  to  be  received  during  the  succeeding  years, 
until  1824  inclusive,  in  different  quantities,  but  less  than  that  of  1814,  and  on 
an  average  not  exceeding  $2,500  a  year.  In  1825,  the  amount  received  was 
$17,000;  in  1826,  $20,000;  in  1827,  about  $21,000;  in  1828,  nearly 
$46,000;  in  1829,  $128,000;  and  in  1830,  $204,000. 

These  mines  are  very  extensive ;  and  a  succession  of  gold  miaes  has  been 
discovered  in  the  country  lying  to  the  east  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  extending  from 
the  vicinity  of  the  river  Potomac  into  the  state  of  Alabama.  These  mines  are 
now  wrought,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  in  the  states  of  Virginia,  North  Caro 
lina,  South  Carolina,  and  Georgia. 

The  State  Bank  of  North  Carolina,  at  Raleigh,  with  six  branches;  Banks  in 
Cape  Fear  Bank,  at  Wilmington,  with  branches  at  Fayetteville,  Sa-      183°- 
lem,  Charlotte,  and  Hillsborough ;  Newbern  Bank,  at  Newborn,  with  branches 
at  Raleigh,  Halifax,  and  Milton.     The  amount  of  bank  capital  is  $3,200,000. 

The  Bank  of  the  United  States  has  an  office  of  discount  and  deposit  at 
Fayetteville. 

The  principal  literary  institution  in  this  state  is  the  University  of 
North  Carolina,  at  Chapel  Hill.  Academies  are  established  at  various 
places.     The  state  has  a  literary  fund,  arising  from  bank   dividends,  &c. 
amounting  to  upwards  of  $70,000.     It  is  provided,  that  when  this  fund  shall 
have  accumulated  to  a  sufficient  amount,  the  income  of  it  shall  be  divided 
among  the  several  counties,  in  proportion  to  the  free  population,  for  the  support 
of  common  schools. 

There  are  12  periodical  presses  in  this  state. 

The  Baptists  in  this  state  have  14  associations,  272  churches,  139         ioug 
ministers,  and  15,530  communicants ;  the  Presbyterians  have  126  denomina- 
churches,  57  ministers,  9  licentiates,  and  5,907  communicants ;  the      tlons* 
Methodists,  32  preachers,  and  12,641  members  ;  the  Lutherans,  45  congrega 
tions,  16  ministers,  and  1,888  communicants ;  the  Episcopalians,  11  ministers  ; 
the  United  Brethren,  4  congregations,  and  1,727  members  *r  the  Friends  have  a 
number  of  societies. 

The  first  permanent  settlements  were  formed  about  the  middle  of 
the  seventeenth  century.     North  Carolina  was  long  united  under  the 
same  government  with  South  Carolina:  it  was  for  many  years  called  the 
County  of  Albemarle,  or  the  County  of  Albemarle  in  Carolina,  and  about  the 
beginning  of  the  18th  century,  the  Colony  of  North  Carolina.     As  early  as 
1715,  it  had  a  separate  legislative  assembly,  at  which  Charles  Eden  was  gov 
ernor  ;  and  in  the  year  1727,  it  was  formed  into  an  entirely  distinct  province. 

The  constitution  of  North  Carolina  was  agreed  to  and  resolved         .     . 
upon,  by  representatives  chosen  for  that  purpose,  at  Halifax,  Deeem-  and  govern" 
ber  18,  1776.  ment- 

The  legislative  authority  is  vested  in  a  body,  styled  The  General  Assembly, 
consisting  of  a  senate  and  a  house  of  commons,  both  elected  annually  by  the 
people.  One  senator  and  two  members  of  the  house  of  commons  are  sent  from 
each  of  the  62  counties ;  and  one  of  the  latter  also  from  each  of  the  towns  of 
Edenton,  Newbern,  Wilmington,  Salisbury,  Hillsborough,  and  Halifax. 

The  chief  executive  officer  is  the  governor,  who  is  chosen  annually  by  a 
joint  vote  of  the  two  houses  ;  and  he  is  eligible  for  3  years  only  in  6.  He  is 
assisted  by  an  executive  council  of  seven  members,  chosen  annually  by  a  joint 
vote  of  the  two  houses.  In  case  of  the  death  of  the  governor,  hi&  duties  devolve 
upon  the  speaker  of  the  senate. 


104 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


The  judges  of  the  supreme  and  superior  courts  are  appointed  by  a  joint  vote 
of  the  two  houses,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior. 

The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  voting  for  members  of  the  house  of  com 
mons  to  all  freemen  of  the  age  of  21  years,  who  have  been  inhabitants  of  any 
one  county  within  the  state  twelve  months  immediately  preceding  the  day  of  any 
election,  and  have  paid  public  taxes ;  but  in  order  to  be  entitled  to  vote  for 
senators,  they  must  be  possessed  of  a  freehold  of  50  acres  of  land. 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  $2,000.  This  state  sends  13  representa 
tives  to  congress. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


ARMS  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


LENGTH,  188  miles;  breadth,  160:  containing  30,000  square  miles.  Be- 
tween  32°  2'  and  35°  10'  N.  long,  and  between  1°  45'  and  6°  15'  W.  long. 
Bounded  N.  and  N.  E.  by  North  Carolina ;  S.  E.  by  the  Atlantic ;  and  S.  W. 
by  Georgia,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Savannah. 


TABLE  OF  THE  DISTRICTS  AND  SEATS  OF  JUSTICE. 

Districts. 

Seats  of  Justice. 

Dist.  (r 
Colum 
bia. 

Districts.            Seats  of  Justice. 

Dist.  fr. 
Colum 
bia. 

Abbeville     nw 

Abbeville 

100 

Lancaster       n 

Lancaster  C.  H. 

73 

Anderson     nw 

Anderson  C.  H. 

129 

Laurens      wm 

Laurens  C.  H. 

79 

Barnwell      sw 

BarnweU  C.  H. 

62 

Lexington     m 

Lexington  C.  H. 

12 

Beaufort         s 

voosawhatchie 

147 

Marion          ne 

Marion  C.  H. 

115 

Charleston    se 

Charleston 

110 

Marlboro'        n 

Marlboro'  C  H. 

102 

Chester          n 

Chester  C.  H. 

57 

dewberry   wm 

Newberry  C.  H. 

45 

Chesterfield    n 

Chesterf  'Id  C.  H. 

102 

Orangeb'gh   m 

Orangeb'gh  C.H. 

43 

Colleton        se 

Walterborough 

93 

Pic  kens        nw 

Pickens  C.  H. 

157 

Darlington    ne 

Darlington  C.  H. 

86 

Hichland        m 

COLUMBIA 

Edgefield       w 
Fairfield        m 

Edgefield  C.  H. 
*Vinnsborough 

57 

29 

Spartanburgh  n 
Sumter          m 

Spartanb'ghC.H. 
Sumterville 

104 
44 

Georgetown    e 

jeorgetown 

134 

Jnion             n 

[Jnionville 

77 

Greenville   nw 

jreenville  C.  H. 

117 

WilliamsbVh  e 

Kingstree 

86 

Horry           ne 

17           1 

^onwayborough 

150 

York 

York  C.  H. 

78 

Kershaw        m 

^amden 

33 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Population  of  the  Districts  and  other  Divisions,  as  given  in  the 
Census  of  1830. 


105 


Abbeville         District, 

28,134 

Georgetown     District 

19,943 

Anderson             do 

17,170 

Greenville.           do 

16,476 

Barnwell              do 

19,236 

Horry,                 do 

5,323 

Charleston         City 

30,289 

Kershaw              do 

13,545 

Charleston  Neck, 

10,054 

Lancaster,           do 

10,361 

St.  Andrew's    Parish 

3,727 

Laurens,               do 

20,863 

St.  John's  Colleton 

10,045 

Lexington,           do 

9,076 

St.  James,  Goose  Creek, 

8,632 

Marion                 do 

11,208 

St.  Stephen's, 

2,416 

Marlborough,       do 

8,578 

Christ  Church, 

3,412 

Newberry,           do 

17,441 

St.  James,  Santee, 

3,743 

Orangeburgh,       do 

18,455 

St.  Thomas  and  St.  Dennis,  3,055 

Pickens,               do 

14,475 

St.  Peter's         Parish 

3,834 

Richland,             do 

11,465 

St.  Helena, 

8,799 

Columbia,          Town 

3,310 

St.  Luke's, 

9,659 

Spartanburgh,  District 

21,148 

Prince  William's 

9,040 

Sumter,                do 

28,278 

Chester,           District 

19,182 

Union,                  do 

17,908 

Chesterfield,        do 

8,472 

Washington,        do 

13,728 

Colleton,              do 

27,256 

Williamsburgh,   do 

9,015. 

Edgefield,            do 

30,511 

York,                  do 

17,785. 

Fairfield,             do 

21,546 

Total  population,  581,458.     Slaves,  315,665. 
Population  at  different  Periods. 

Population.  Blavea. 

In  1790,    249,073  107,094 

1800,     345,591     Increase  from  1790  to  1800,   96,518    146,151 

1810,     415,115         1800     1810,    69,524    196,365 

1820,     502,741         1810     1820,    86,626     258,47$ 

1830,     581,458         1820     1830,    78,717     315,365 

The  distinguishing  virtues  of  the  Carolinians  are  hospitality  to  strangers,. and 
charity  to  the  indigent  and  distressed.  The  planters,  who  in  general  have  large 
incomes,  live  in  a  luxurious  and  splendid  style,  devoting  much  of  their  time  to 
the  pursuit  of  pleasure,  and  possessing  much  of  that  pride  and  dignity  ef  spirit 
which  characterize  an  independent  country  gentleman.  The  virtues  ©f  the 
farmers  of  the  upper  country  are  less  brilliant,  but  more  substantial.  They 
have  fewer  vices,  are  of  more  frugal  and  industrious  habits,  and  exhibit  greater 
fortitude  in  the  reverses  of  fortune.  Labor  in  the  lower  country  is  performed 
almost  entirely  by  slaves. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Waccamaw,  Pedee,  Black  River,  Santee, 
Cooper,  Ashley,  Stono,  Edisto,  Asheppo,  Cambahee,  Coosaw,  Broad,  and 
Savannah. 

South  Carolina  is  divided  by  nature  into  two  parts,  which,  from  their  physi 
cal  situation,  have  been  called  Upper  and  Lower  Carolina.  The  latter  is 
supposed  to  have  once  been  under  the  dominion  of  the  ocean.  Towards  the 
coast  the  country  is  a  level  plain,  extending  more  than  100  miles  westward 
from  the  sea.  Here  the  eye  finds  no  relief  from  the  dull  uniformity  of  bound 
less  forests,  swamps,  and  level  fields.  This  fatiguing  plain  is  succeeded  by  a 
curious  range  of  little  sand-hills,  exactly  resembling  the  waves  of  an  agitated 
sea.  This  singular  country  occupies  an  extent  of  about  60  miles.  It  is  ex 
tremely  barren,  enlivened  here  and  there  by  spots  of  verdure,  or  by  some 
straggling  pines ;  and  its  few  inhabitants  earn  a  scanty  subsistence  by  the  cul 
tivation  of  corn  and  sweet  potatoes.  After  passing  these  sand-hills,  we  come 
next  to  a  remarkable  tract  of  ground,  called  the  Ridge,  which,  on  its  approach 

O 


106  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

from  the  sea,  is  lofty  and  bold,  but  on  the  north-west  is  level  from  its  summit. 
This  is  a  fine  belt  of  land,  extending  from  the  Savannah  to  Broad  River,  fertile, 
well  cultivated,  and  watered  by  considerable  streams.  The  country  beyond 
this  ridge  resembles,  in  its  scenery,  the  most  interesting  of  the  northern  states. 
The  traveller  is  gratified  by  the  pleasant  alternation  of  hill  and  dale ;  the  lively 
verdure  of  the  hills  is  contrasted  with  the  deeper  tints  of  the  extensive  forests, 
which  decorate  their  sides ;  and  in  the  valleys  broad  rivers  roll  their  streams 
through  the  varied  beauties  of  luxuriant  and  cultivated  fields.  From  these  de 
lightful  regions  the  ground  still  continues  to  rise  till  we  reach  tne  western  limit 
of  the  state.  Here  7  or  8  mountains  run  in  regular  direction,  the  most  distin 
guished  of  which  is  Table  Mountain ;  other  mountains  are  Oolenoy,  Oconee, 
Paris',  Glassey,  Hogback,  and  King's.  These  are  all  in  the  districts  of  Pen- 
dleton,  Greenville,  Spartanburg,  and  York. 

The  soil  of  South  Carolina  is  divided  into  6  classes:  1.  Tide-swamp.  2. 
Inland  swamp.  3.  High  river  swamp,  or  low  grounds,  distinguished  by  the 
name  of  second  low  grounds.  4.  Salt  marsh.  5.  Oak  and  hickory  high  land. 
6.  Pine  barren.  The  first  two  classes  are  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  culture  of 
rice  and  hemp ;  the  third  is  most  favorable  to  the  growth  of  hemp,  corn,  and 
indigo.  The  salt  marsh  has  been  much  neglected.  The  oak  and  hickory  land 
is  remarkably  fertile,  and  well  adapted  to  the  culture  of  corn,  as  well  as  indigo 
and  cotton.  The  pine-barren,  though  the  least  productive,  is  so  much  more 
salubrious  than  the  other  soils  in  the  low  country,  that  a  proportion  of  pine- 
barren  is  an  appendage  indispensably  necessary  to  every  swamp  plantation. 

The  staple  commodities  of  this  state  are  cotton  and  rice,  of  which  great 
quantities  are  annually  exported.  These  articles  have  so  engrossed  the  atten 
tion  of  the  planters,  that  the  culture  of  wheat,  barley,  oats,  and  other  crops 
equally  useful,  but  less  profitable,  has  been  almost  wholly  neglected.  So  little 
wheat  is  raised  throughout  the  state,  that  considerable  quantities  are  annually 
imported.  Cotton  was  not  raised  in  any  considerable  quantities  till  as  late  as 
1795.  Before  that  period  indigo  was,  next  to  rice,  the  most  important  article 
of  produce;  but  it  is  now  neglected.  Tobacco  thrives  well.  The  exports,  in 
3829,  amounted  to  $8,179,409.  The  fruits  which  flourish  best  are  pears, 
pomegranates,  and  water-melons ;  the  latter,  in  particular,  grow  to  an  enor 
mous  size,  and  are  superior  perhaps  to  any  in  the  world.  Other  fruits  are  figs, 
apricots,  nectarines,  apples,  peaches,  olives,  almonds,  and  oranges. 

The  period  of  vegetation  comprehends,  in  favorable  years,  from  7  to  8 
months,  commencing  in  January  or  February,  and  terminating  in  October  or 
November.  The  frosts  generally  in  the  months  of  November,  December,  Jan 
uary,  and  February,  are  too  severe  for  the  delicate  productions  of  more  southern 
latitudes.  The  low  country  is  seldom  covered  with  snow ;  but  the  mountains 
near  the  western  boundary  are  often  mantled  in  that  wintry  robe.  Frost  some 
times  binds  up  the  earth,  but  seldom  penetrates  deeper  than  two  inches,  or  lasts 
longer  than  three  or  four  days.  At  some  seasons,,  and  particularly  in  Feb 
ruary,  the  weather  is  very  variable.  The  temperature  has  been  known  to  vary 
46  degrees  in  one  day.  In  Charleston  for  seven  years  the  thermometer  was 
not  known  to  rise  above  93  degrees,  or  to  fall  below  17  above  0.  The  number 
of  extreme  hot  days  in  Charleston  is  seldom  more  than  30  in  a  year ;  and  there 
are  about  as  many  sultry  nights,  in  which  the  heat  and  closeness  of  the  air  are 
such  as  to  prevent  the  enjoyment  of  sound  sleep. 

The  low  country  is  infested  with  all  the  diseases  which  spring  from  a  warm, 
moist,  and  unelastic  atmosphere.  Of  these  the  most  frequent  are  fevers,  from 
which  the  inhabitants  suffer  more  than  from  any,  or  perhaps  from  all  other  dis 
eases  together.  The  districts  of  the  upper  country  enjoy  as  salubrious  a  cli 
mate  as  any  part  of  the  United  States. 

The  Saritee  Canal,  22  miles  long,  forms  a  junction  between  the  Santee  and 
the  Cooper  river,  which  flows  into  Charleston  harbor  ;  and  it  opens  to  the  city 


SOUTH  CAROLINA.  107 

the  commerce  of  the  interior  of  South  and  North  Carolina.  A  rail-road  from 
Charleston  to  Hamburg,  on  the  Savannah,  opposite  to  Augusta,  120  miles  long, 
is  now  in  progress.  Several  miles,  extending  from  Charleston,  were  com 
pleted  in  1830,  and  a  locomotive  steam-car  has  been  placed  upon  it,  moving  at 
the  rate  of  15  miles  an  hour. 

Gold  is  found  in  considerable  quantities ;  the  amount  received,  at  the  United 
States'  mint,  in  1830,  from  this  state,  was  $26,000. 

There  are  9  banks  and  branches  of  banks  in  this  state ;  6  at  Charleston,  1 
at  Columbia,  1  at  Georgetown,  and  1  at  Camden. 

The  principal  literary  institutions  of  this  state  are  the  College  of 
South  Carolina,  at  Columbia,  and  Charleston  College,  in  Charleston. 
The  college  of  South  Carolina  has  been  built  and  supported  by  the  state  legis 
lature  ;  and  the  sum  of  nearly  $200,000  has  been  expended  upon  the  buildings, 
library,  philosophical  apparatus,  and  occasional  repairs.     In  addition  to  this, 
the  legislature  makes  an  annual  appropriation  of  about  $15,000  to  defray  the 
expenses  of  the  institution ;  and  it  also  supports  two  beneficiaries  at  the  college, 
at  the  annual  expense  of  $260  each. 

The  legislature  makes  an  annual  appropriation  of  nearly  $40,000  for  the 
support  of  free  schools.  The  Commissioners  of  Free  Schools,  at  the  session 
of  the  legislature,  in  1828,  reported  that  840  schools  were  established  through 
out  the  state,  in  which  9,036  scholars  were  instructed,  at  the  expense  of 
$39,716.  The  annual  appropriation,  in  1829,  was  $37,200. 

The  number  of  periodical  presses  in  1831,  was  15, 

The  Methodists  in  this  state  have  54  preachers  and  25,114  mem-   Reli  }ous 
bers;  the  Baptists,  6  associations,  159  churches,  131  ministers,  and  denpmina- 
12,316  communicants ;  the  Presbyterians,  77  churches,  46  ministers, 
7  licentiates,  and  6,671  communicants;  the  Episcopalians,  34  ministers;  there 
are  also  some  Associate  Presbyterians,  Lutherans,  Roman  Catholics,  and  Uni 
tarians. 

This  state,  together  with  North  Carolina  and  Georgia,  was  first  granted  to 
the  earl  of  Clarendon  and  others,  by  Charles  II.,  in  1663;  and  the  first  per 
manent  settlement  was  made  at  Charleston,  in  1680. 

South  Carolina  was  for  a  considerable  time  the  seat  of  the  revolutionary 
war ;  and  Charleston  and  Camden,  also  the  places  named  Eutaw  Springs  and 
Cowpens,  were  rendered  memorable  by  warlike  achievements. 

The   first   constitution  of  this   state   was   formed   in  1775;   the  Con8titu. 
present  constitution  was  adopted  in  1790.     The  legislative  authority  tion  and  go- 
is  vested  in  a  General  Assembly,  consisting  of  a  Senate  and  a  House  V( 
of  Representatives.    The  senate  consists  of  45  members,  who  are  elected  by 
districts  for  four  years,  one  half  being  chosen  biennially.    The  house  of  repre 
sentatives  consists  of  124  members,  who  are  apportioned  among  the  several 
districts,  according  to  the  number  of  white  inhabitants  and  taxation ;  and  are 
elected  for  two  years.     The  representatives  and  one  half  of  the  senators  are 
chosen  every  second  year,  on  the  second  Monday  in  October  and  the  day  fol 
lowing. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  for  two  years, 
by  a  joint  vote  of  the  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  at  every  first 
meeting  of  the  house  of  representatives.  A  governor,  after  having  perform 
ed  the  duties  of  the  office  for  two  years,  cannot  be  re-elected  till  after  the 
expiration  of  four  years.  At  the  time  of  the  election  of  governor,  a  lieu 
tenant-governor  is  chosen  in  the  same  manner,  and  for  the  same  period. 
The  general  assembly  meets  annually,  at  Columbia,  on  the  fourth  Monday  in 
November.  The  chancellor  and  judges  are  appointed  by  the  joint  ballot  of 
the  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good  be 
havior.  The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  suffrage  to  every  free  ivhite 
male  citizen,  of  the  age  of  21  years,  having  resided  in  the  state  two  years  pre- 


108 


GEORGIA. 


vious  to  the  day  of  election,  and  having  been  possessed  of  a  freehold  of  50 
acres  of  land,  or  a  town  lot,  at  least  six  months  before  such  election,  or  (not 
having  such  freehold  or  town  lot)  having  been  a  resident  in  the  election  district 
in  which  he  offers  his  vote,  six  months  before  said  election,  and  having  paid  a 
tax  the  preceding  year  of  3s.  sterling  towards  the  support  of  the  government. 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  3,500  dolllars. 

South  Carolina  sends  9  representatives  to  congress. 


GEORGIA. 


ARMS  OF  GEORGIA 

LENGTH,  300  miles ;  breadth,  200  :  containing  58,000  square  miles.  Be- 
tween  30°  19'  and  35°  N.  L.  and  3°  52'  and  8°  47'  W.  L.  Bounded  north  by 
Tennessee  and  North  Carolina ;  north-east  by  South  Carolina ;  south-east  by 
the  Atlantic ;  south  by  Florida ;  and  west  by  Alabama. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Whites. 

Colored. 

Total  Pop. 

County  Towns. 

Instance 
fr.  Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Appling                sm 
Baker                   sw 

1,284 
977 

184 
276 

1,468 
1,253 

Appling  C.  H. 
Byron 

125 
155 

Baldwin                 m 

2,724 

4,565 

7,289 

MlLLEDGEVILLE 

Bibb                      m 

4,138 

3,005 

7,143 

Macon 

35 

Bryan                   se 

723 

2,416 

3,139 

Bryan  C.  H. 

Bullock                em 

1,933 

653 

2,586 

Statesborough 

117 

Burke                     e 

5,066 

6,767 

11,833 

Waynesborough 

37 

Butts                  nm 

3,225 

1,687 

4,912 

Jackson 

51 

Camden                 se 

1,458 

3,120 

4,578 

Jeffersonton 

212 

Campbell             nw 

2,694 

629 

3,323 

Campbellton 

134 

Carroll                nw 

2,723 

696 

3,419 

Carrollton 

153 

Chatham                 e 

4,325 

9,905 

14,230 

Savannah 

167 

Clarke                 nm 

5,438 

4,738 

10,176 

Watkinsville 

69 

Columbia              nm 

4,471 

8,135 

12,606 

Applingville 

93 

GEORGIA. 


i09 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.    Continued. 

Counties. 

Whites. 

Colored. 

Total  Pop. 

County  Towns. 

Distance 
fr.  Mil- 
edgevilie. 

Coweta                nw 

3,634 

1,372 

6,006 

\ewman 

129 

Crawford            writ 

3,591 

1,723 

5,314 

ECnoxville 

60 

)ecatur               «MJ 

2,541 

1,307 

3,848 

Bainbridge 

206 

)ekalb                nw 

8,376 

1,671 

10,047 

Decatur 

117 

)ooly                 torn 

1,787 

348 

2,135 

Berrien 

97 

Sarly                   sw 

1,505 

546 

2,051 

Blakely 

227 

Sffingham             e 

1,746 

1,223 

2,969 

Willoughby 

181 

Albert                     n 

6,501 

5,853 

12,354 

Elberton 

101 

ilmanuel              em 

2,168 

513 

2,681 

Swainsborough 

79 

?ayette                nw 

4,268 

1,233 

5,501 

Fayetteville 

187 

?ranklin                n 

7,712 

2,423 

10,135 

Gainesville 

114 

Glynn                  se 

597 

3,970 

4,467 

Brunswick 

200 

jreene                nm 

5,026 

7,525 

12,551 

Greensborough 

44 

jwinett               nw 

10,938 

2,282 

13,220 

Lawrenceville 

93 

iabersham            n 

9,733 

915 

10,648 

Clarksville 

144 

Hall                     nw 

10,573 

1,182 

11,755 

Gainesville 

123 

Hancock             nm 
iarris                    w 

4,607 
2,831 

7,215 
2,274 

11,822 
5,105 

Sparta 
Hamilton 

24 
134 

rlgnry               nwm 

7,991 

2,576 

10.567 

McDonough 

85 

Houston              wm 

5,161 

2,208 

7,369 

Perry 

60 

rwin                    sm 

1,066 

114 

1,180 

Irwin  C.  H. 

tackson                  n 

6,184 

2,816 

9,000 

Jefferson 

98 

tasper                   m 

6,767 

6,364 

13,131 

Monticello 

35 

Fefferson              em 

3,603 

3,706 

7,309 

Louisville 

52 

Tones                     m 

6,469 

6,873 

13,342 

Clinton 

22 

Laurens                m 

3,188 

2,390 

5,578 

Dublin 

47 

Lee                     wm 

1,367 

307 

1,674 

Pindertown 

130 

Liberty                 se 

1,588 

5,646 

7,234 

Riceborough 

202 

Lincoln               nm 

2,824 

3,313 

6,137 

Lincolnton 

100 

Lowndes                s 

2,113 

340 

2,453 

Franklinville 

187 

Vfadison                 n 

3,365 

1,261 

4,626 

Danielsville 

92 

VIcIntosh              se 

1,095 

3,903 

4,998 

Darien 

187 

Marion                wm 

1,327 

109 

1,436 

Marion  C.  H. 

174 

Meriwether         nw 

3,018 

1,406 

4,424 

Greenville 

211 

Monroe                 m 

8,836 

7,366 

16,202 

Forsythe 

60 

Montgomery         m 

934 

335 

1,269 

Mount  Vernon 

89 

Morgan               nm 

5,146 

6,877 

12,023 

Madison 

44 

Muscogee              w 

2,261 

1,247 

3,508 

Columbus 

120 

Newton            nwm 

8,131 

3,023 

11,154 

Covington 

60 

Ogfethorpe          nm 

5,554 

8,004 

13,558 

Lexington 

69 

Pike                    wm 

4,362 

1,694 

6,056 

Zebulon 

86 

Pukski                  m 

3,117 

1,782 

4,899 

Hartford 

67 

Putnam                  m 

5,512 

7,744 

13,656 

Eatonton 

22 

Rabun                   n 

2,114 

61 

2,175 

Clayton 

174 

Randolph               w 

1,508 

683 

2,191 

Randolph  C.  H. 

170 

Richmond               e 

5,163 

6,481 

11,644 

Augusta 

90 

Scriven                   e 

2,387 

2,389 

4,776 

Jacksonborough 

144 

Talbot                   w 

3,839 

2,101 

5,940 

Talbotton 

112 

Taliaferro           nm 

2,162 

2,770 

4,934 

Crawfordsville 

47 

Tatnall                em 

1,519 

520 

2,039 

Perry's  Mills 

115 

no 


GEORGIA. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.—  Continued, 

Counties. 

Whites. 

Colored. 

Total  Pop. 

County  Towns. 

Distance 
fr.  Mil- 
edgeville. 

Telfair                   m 

1,569 

567 

2,136 

Jacksonville 

Ill 

Thomas                  * 

2,127 

1,169 

3,296 

Thomasville 

235 

Troup                    w 

3,607 

2,192 

5,799 

Lagrange 

133 

Twiggs                  m 

4,495 

3,534 

8,029 

Marion 

37 

Upson               nwm 
Walton              nwm 

4,444 
7,763 

2,569 
3,168 

7,013 
10,931 

Upson  C.  H. 
Monroe 

87 
72 

Ware                      s 

1,132 

62 

1,194 

Waresborough 

161 

Warren               nm 

6,044 

4,802 

10,846 

Warrenton 

49 

Washington           m 

5,905 

3,915 

9,820 

Sandersville 

27 

Wayne                  se 

676 

286 

962 

Waynesville 

190 

Wilkes                 nw 

5,265 

8,972 

14,237 

Washington 

64 

Wilkinson             m 

4,603 

1,955 

6,558 

Irwinton 

20 

76     Total 

516,567 

In  1790, 
1800, 
1810, 
1820, 


Population. 
82,548 
162,686 
252,433 
348,989 


Population  at  different  Periods. 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800,       80,138 

1800      1810,       89,747 

1810      1820,       88,456 


Slaves. 

29,264 

59,699 

105,218 

149,656 


1830,     516,567 


1820      1830,     165,578     217,470 


Milledgeville  is  the  seat  of  government.  Savannah  and  Augusta  are  the 
largest  towns.  The  other  most  considerable  towns -are  Washington,  Louisville, 
Darien,  St.  Mary's,  Greensborough,  Petersburg,  and  Sparta. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Savannah,  Ogechee,  Altarnaha,  Satilla,  Oak- 
mulgee,  Oconee,  St.  Mary's,  Flint,  Chatahoochee,  Tallapoosa,  and  Coosa. 

The  coast  of  Georgia  for  four  or  five  miles  inland  is  a  salt  marsh,  mostly 
uninhabited.  In  front  of  this,  towards  the  sea,  there  is  a  chain  of  islands  of  a 
gray  rice  soil,  covered  in  their  natural  state  with  pine,  hickory,  and  live  oak, 
and  yielding  on  cultivation  sea-island  cotton.  The  principal  of  these  islands 
mre  Wassaw,  Ossabaw,  St.  Catharine's,  Sapello,  St.  Simon's,  Jekyl,  and  Cum 
berland.  Back  of  the  salt  marsh  there  is  a  narrow  margin  of  land,  of  nearly 
the  same  quality  with  that  of  the  islands.  In  the  rear  of  this  margin  com 
mences  the  pine  barrens.  The  rivers  and  creeks  are  everywhere  bordered 
with  swamps  or  marsh,  which,  at  every  tide,  for  fifteen  or  twenty  miles  from 
the  coast,  are  either  wholly  or  partially  overflowed.  These  constitute  the  rice 
plantations.  The  pine  barrens  extend  from  60  to  90  miles  from  the  sea,  beyond 
which  the  country  becomes  uneven,  diversified  with  hills  and  mountains,  of  a 
strong,  rich  soil,  producing  cotton,  tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  other  kinds 
of  grain.  The  north-western  part  of  the  state  is  mountainous,  and  abounds  in 
sublime  and  picturesque  scenery. 

The  soil  of  Georgia  is  various ;  but  a  large  proportion  of  it  is  very  produc 
tive.  At  a  distance  from  the  sea  it  changes  from  gray  to  red ;  in  some  places 
it  is  gravelly,  but  fertile ;  and  farther  back  into  the  country  its  tint  is  gradually 
deepened,  till  it  becomes  what  is  called  the  mulatto  soil,  consisting  of  black 
mould  and  red  earth.  This  sort  of  land  is  generally  strong,  and  affords  abun 
dant  crops  of  wheat,  tobacco,  corn,  &c.  It  is  succeeded  in  its  turn  by  a  soil 
that  is  nearly  black,  and  very  rich,  on  which  are  large  quantities  of  black 
walnut  and  mulberry. 

The  staple  commodities  of  this  state  are  cotton  and  rice,  of  which  great 
quantities  are  exported.  The  forests  afford  an  abundant  supply  of  fine  timber, 
consisting  chiefly  of  oak,  pine,  hickory,  mulberry,  and  cedar.  The  kinds  of 


GEORGIA.  Ill 

fruit  are  melons  in  great  perfection,  figs  in  plenty,  oranges,  pomegranates, 
olives,  lemons,  limes,  citrons,  pears,  and  peaches.  The  pine  barrens  produce 
grapes  of  large  size  and  excellent  flavor.  The  exports,  which  consist  chiefly 
of  cotton,  rice,  lumber,  tobacco,  canes,  deer-skins,  and  maize,  amounted,  in 
1829,  to  4,981,939  dollars. 

The  winters  in  Georgia  are  mild  and  pleasant ;  snow  is  seldom  seen,  nor  is 
vegetation  interrupted  by  severe  frosts.  The  thermometer  usually  fluctuates 
between  40  and  60  degrees.  In  the  low  country,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  swamps, 
bilious  complaints  and  fevers  are  very  common,  during  the  months  of  July, 
August,  and  September.  At  the  approach  of  this  season,  the  rich  planters,  with 
their  families,  remove  either  to  the  sea  islands,  or  to  more  elevated  situations. 

There  are  several  valuable  mineral  springs  in  this  state ;  one  near  Washing, 
ton ;  one  in  Jefferson  county,  12  miles  south-east  of  Louisville ;  and  another  in 
Madison  county,  five  miles  from  Danielsville. 

Two  considerable  tribes  of  Indians  reside  partly  within  the  chartered  limits 
of  this  state ;  the  Cherokees  in  the  north-western  part,  and  the  Creeks  in  the 
western.  The  Cherokees  have  made  greater  advances  in  the  arts  of  civilized 
life  than  any  other  tribe  of  North  American  Indians.  A  proposition  to  remove 
them  to  the  west  of  the  Mississippi,  which  has  been  recently  made,  has  excited 
a  deep  interest  throughout  the  country ;  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  such  a  course 
will  be  pursued  as  shall  be  consistent  at  once  with  justice  and  humanity, — with 
the  welfare  of  the  Cherokees,  and  the  honor  of  the  United  States.  "  Within 
the  last  20  years  the  Cherokees  have  rapidly  advanced  towards  civilization. 
They  now  live  in  comfortable  houses,  chiefly  in  villages,  and  cultivate  large 
farms.  They  raise  large  herds  of  cattle,  which  they  sell  for  beef  to  the  inhab 
itants  of  the  neighboring  states." 

Gold  is  found  in  considerable  quantities  in  this  state.  The  amount  received 
from  Georgia,  at  the  United  States'  mint,  in  1830,  was  $212,000.  The  gold 
mines  which  have  been  discovered  are  in  the  northern  part  of  the  state,  near 
the  sources  of  the  Catahooche,  Tallapoosa,  and  Coosa. 

There  are  19  banks  and  branches  in  this  state,  4  at  Savannah,  4  at  Augusta, 
3  at  Milledgeville,  1  at  Washington,  1  at  Darien,  1  at  Jonesborough,  1  at  Eaton- 
ton,  3  at  Macon,  and  1  at  Columbus. 

The  state  penitentiary  is  at  Milledgeville. 

The  principal  literary  seminary  in  this  state  is  Franklin  College,  or  the  Uni 
versity  of  Georgia,  at  Athens,  which  has  funds  to  the  amount  of  $136,000,  of 
which  $100,000  are  invested  in  the  Bank  of  the  State  of  Georgia,  which  stock 
the  state  guaranties  to  yield  eight  per  cent,  per  annum. 

The  following  statement  relating  to  education  is  given  by  Mr.  Sherwood  in 
his  "  Gazetteer  of  Georgia." — "  There  are  about  80  incorporated  academies  in 
this  state,  64  of  which  have  been  brought  into  operation.  The  average  num 
ber  of  pupils  in  each,  is  47=3,008.  In  the  northern  and  southern  sections  of 
the  state,  there  are  probably  5  common  schools  in  each  county ;  40  counties ; 
30  pupils  each  =6,000.  In  the  middle  section,  say  7  common  schools  in  each 
county;  25  counties  =5,250.  Total  number  of  pupils  in  the  academies  and 
common  schools,  14,258."  The  state  possesses  "Academy  and  Poor  School 
Funds"  to  a  considerable  amount.  By  an  act  of  the  legislature  of  1792,  each 
county  academy  was  allowed  to  purchase  the  value  of  £1,000  of  confiscated 
property  :  1,000  acres  of  land  in  each  county  were  granted  for  the  support  of 
schools ;  and  also  a  fund  of  $250,000,  to  be  vested  in  stocks  for  the  same  purpose. 

In  1831  there  were  20  periodical  presses  in  this  state. 

The  Methodists,  in  this  state,  have  64  preachers,  and  27,038  mem-  Re].  .QUS 
bers ;  the  Baptists,  12  associations,  390  churches,  205  ministers,  and  denomfna- 
31,797  communicants;  the  Presbyterians,  55  churches,  31  ministers,      tlon*' 
and  3,034  communicants;  the  Episcopalians,  4  churches  and  4  ministers;  the 
Roman  Catholics,  3  churches  and  3  ministers. 


112 


ALABAMA. 


History. 


The  first  English  settlement  of  Georgia  was  commenced  in  1733, 
at  Savannah,  by  general  Oglethorpe,  together  with  160  persons. 
Constitution     ^e  ^rst  const^u^on  °f  Georgia  was  formed  in  1777 ;  a  second, 
and  govern,  in  1785 ;  and  a  third,  the  one  now  in  operation,  in  1798.    The  legis- 

meiu-  lative  power  is  vested  in  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  which 
together  are  styled  the  General  Assembly.  The  members  of  both  houses  are 
chosen  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  October.  One  senator  is  elected  for 
each  county,  and  the  number  of  representatives  is  in  proportion  to  population, 
including  three  fifths  of  all  the  people  of  color ;  but  each  county  is  entitled  to 
at  least  one,  and  no  one  to  more  than  four,  members.  The  executive  power  is 
vested  in  a  governor,  who  was  formerly  elected  by  the  general  assembly ;  but 
he  is  now  (and  ever  since  1824  elected  by  the  people  on  the  first  Monday  in 
October ;  and  he  holds  the  office  for  two  years.  The  general  assembly  meets 
(at  Milledgeville)  on  the  first  Monday  in  November ;  unless  convened  at  another 
time  by  the  governor.  The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  suffrage  to  all 
"  citizens  and  inhabitants,  who  have  attained  the  age  of  21  years,  and  have 
paid  all  the  taxes  which  may  have  been  required  of  them,  and  which  they  may 
have  had  opportunity  of  paying,  agreeably  to  law,  for  the  year  preceding  the 
election,  and  shall  have  resided  six  months  within  the  county." 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Superior  Court  and  in  such  inferior  juris 
dictions  as  the  legislature  may,  from  time  to  time,  ordain  and  establish ;  and 
the  superior  and  inferior  courts  sit  twice  in  each  county  every  year.  The  judges 
of  the  Superior  Court  are  elected  by  the  legislature  for  three  years ;  the  justices 
of  the  inferior  courts,  and  justices  of  the  peace,  are  elected  quadriennially  by 
the  people ;  and  the  clerks  of  the  superior  and  inferior  courts  biennially* 

The  annual  salary  of  the  governor  is  3,000  dollars. 

This  state  sends  nine  representatives  to  congress. 


ALABAMA. 

LENGTH,  280  miles;  breadth,  160  miles:  containing  46,000  square  miles. 
Between  30°  12'  and  35°  N.  latitude;  and  between  8°  and  11°  30'  W.  longi 
tude  from  Washington.  Bounded  north  by  Tennessee;  east  by  Georgia; 
south  by  Florida,  and  west  by  the  state  of  Mississippi. 


!          TABLE 

OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Population. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Tuscaloosa. 

itauga 

m 

11,872 

Washington 

129 

Idwin 

s 

2,324 

Blakely 

228 

)b 

m 

6,305 

Centreville 

39 

>unt 

nm 

4,233 

Blountsville 

110 

tier 

sm 

5,634 

Greenville 

143 

irke 

sm 

7,584 

Clarkesville 

146 

necuh 

s 

7,444 

Sparta 

205 

vington 

s 

1,522 

Montezuma 

187 

,le 

s 

2,021 

Dale  C.  H. 

242 

lias 

m 

14,017 

Cahawba 

96 

yette 

nm 

3,470 

Fayette  C.  H. 

50 

anklin 

nw 

11,078 

Russelville 

127 

eene 

wm 

15,026 

Erie 

47 

r_nry 

se 

3,955 

Columbia 

260 

ALABAMA. 


113 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.—  Continued. 

Counties. 

Population. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Tuscaloosa. 

Jackson                ne 

12,702 

$  Bellefonte 
I  Woodville 

172 

185 

Jefferson                m 

6,855 

Elyton 

59 

Lauderdale          nw 

11,782 

Florence 

146 

Lawrence               n 

14,984 

Moulton 

102 

Limestone               n 

14,848 

Athens 

130 

Lowndes 

9,421 

Lowndes  C.  H. 

138 

Madison                  n 

28,011 

Huntsville 

155 

Marengo               sm 

7,742 

Linden 

78 

Marion                 nw 

4,058 

Pikeville 

118 

Mobile                  sw 
Mobile,  city 

3,071 
3,194 

1  Mobile 

226 

Monroe                sm 

8,780 

Clairborne 

157 

Montgomery        sm 

12,694 

Montgomery 

119 

Morgan                  n 

9,053 

Somerville 

135 

Perry                     m 

11,509 

Perry  C.  H. 

61 

Pickens                  w 

6,620 

Pickens 

48 

Pike                       se 

7,103 

Pike  C.  H. 

179 

St.  Clair             nem 

5,975 

Ashville 

129 

Shelby                   m 

5,521 

Shelbyville 

73 

Tuscaloosa            m 

13,646 

TUSCALOOSA 

Walker                nm 

2,202 

Walker  C.  H. 

47 

Washington          sw 

3,478 

Washington  C.  H. 

146 

Wilcox                 sm 

9,469 

Canton 

113 

36            Total 

308,997, 

of  whom  117,294  are  slaves. 

Population  at  different  Periods 

Population. 

In  1810,  less  than  10,000 
1816,  29,683 

1818,  70,542 

1820, 

1827, 


1830, 


127,901 
244,041 
308,997 


Increase 

From  1820  to  1830,  181,096 


In  1820, 

1827, 


Slaves. 

41,879 
93,008 


1830,117,294 


The  principal  rivers  are  the  Alabama,  Tombigbee,  Black  Warrior,  Coosa, 
Tallapoosa,  Tennessee,  Chatahoochee,  Perdido,  and  Cahawba. 

The  southern  part  of  the  country,  which  borders  on  the  gulf  of  Mexico  and 
West  Florida,  for  the  space  of  50  miles  wide,  is  low  and  level,  covered  with 
pine,  cypress,  and  loblolly ;  in  the  middle  it  is  hilly,  with  some  tracts  of  open 
land ;  the  northern  part  is  somewhat  broken  and  mountainous,  and  the  country 
generally  is  more  elevated  above  the  sea,  than  most  other  parts  of  the  United 
States  at  equal  distance  from  the  ocean.  The  Aileghany  mountains  terminate 
in  the  north-east  part.  The  forest  trees  in  the  middle  and  northern  part  con 
sist  of  black  and  white  oak,  hickory,  poplar,  cedar,  chestnut,  pine,  mulberry,  &c. 

Alabama  possesses  great  diversity  of  soil,  climate,  natural,  vegetable,  and 
mineral  productions.  Occupying  the  valley  of  the  Mobile,  and  its  tributary 
streams,  together  with  a  fine  body  of  land  on  both  sides  of  the  Tennessee  river, 
its  position  in  an  agricultural  and  commercial  point  of  view  is  highly  advan 
tageous.  A  considerable  portion  of  that  part  of  the  state  which  lies  between 
the  Alabama  and  Tombigbee,  of  that  part  watered  by  the  Coosa  and  Talla 
poosa,  and  of  that  on  the  Tennessee,  consists  of  very  excellent  land.  On  the 

P 


114  ALABAMA. 

margin  of  many  of  the  rivers  there  is  a  considerable  quantity  of  cane  bottom 
land,  of  great  fertility,  generally  from  a  half  to  three  quarters  of  a  mile  wide. 
On  the  outside  of  this  is  a  space,  which  is  low,  wet,  and  intersected  by  stagnant 
water.  Next  to  the  river  swamp,  and  elevated  above  it  ten  or  fifteen  feet,  suc 
ceeds  an  extensive  body  of  level  land  of  a  black,  rich  soil,  with  a  growth  of 
hickory,  black-oak,  post-oak,  dog-wood,  poplar,  &c.  After  this  come  the 
prairies,  which  are  wide-spreading  plains  of  level,  or  gently  waving  land, 
without  timber,  clothed  with  grass,  herbage,  and  flowers,  and  exhibiting  in  the 
month  of  May  the  most  enchanting  scenery. 

Cotton  is  the  staple  of  the  state.  Other  productions  are  corn,  rice,  wheat, 
rye,  oats,  &c.  The  sugar-cane,  the  vine,  and  the  olive,  it  is  supposed,  may  be 
cultivated  with  success.  Coal  abounds  on  the  Cahawba,  the  Black  Warrior, 
&c. ;  and  valuable  iron  ore  is  found  in  some  parts  of  the  state. 

The  climate  of  the  southern  part  of  the  bottom  land  bordering  on  the  rivers, 
and  of  the  country  bordering  on  the  Muscle  Shoals,  is  unhealthy.  In  the  ele 
vated  part  of  the  country  the  climate  is  very  fine ;  the  winters  are  mild,  and  the 
summers  pleasant,  being  tempered  by  breezes  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

The  Cherokee  and  the  Creek  Indians  possess  a  large  tract  in  the  eastern  part 
of  Alabama ;  and  the  Choctaws  and  Chickasaws  have  possessions  in  the  west. 

In  1831  there  were  three  banks  in  this  state,  including  a  branch  of  the 
United  States  Bank  at  Mobile. 

The  University  of  Alabama,  at  Tuscaloosa,  is  a  new  but  well-endowed 
institution.  It  was  incorporated  in  1820,  by  an  act  of  the  state  legisla 
ture.  By  an  act  of  Congress,  March  1819,  one  section  of  land,  containing  640 
acres,  was  granted  to  the  inhabitants  of  each  township  for  the  use  of  schools, 
and  72  sections,  or  two  townships,  for  the  support  of  a  seminary  of  learning. 
The  funds  of  the  university  consist  of  the  proceeds  of  these  lands. 

There  have  been  24  academies  incorporated  in  the  state,  up  to  1832. 
internal  im-  By  an  act  of  congress,  March  2,  1819,  it  was  provided  that  5  per 
provement.  ^nt.  of  the  neat  proceeds  of  all  the  sales  of  public  lands  in  this  state, 
made  subsequently  to  September  1,  1819,  should  be  reserved  for  making  public 
roads  and  canals,  and  improving  the  navigation  of  rivers.  Three-fifths  of  the 
amount  were  directed  to  be  applied  to  these  objects  within  the  state,  and  two-fifths 
to  the  making  of  a  road  or  roads  leading  to  the  state,  under  the  direction  of  con 
gress.  This  act  gave  rise  to  what  is  commonly  called  the  "  Three  per  cent. 
Fund,"  which  has  been  vested  in  the  bank  of  the  state  of  Alabama ;  and  it 
amounted,  according  to  the  report  of  the  state  treasurer,  on  the  26th  of  Novem 
ber,  1829,  to  $96,355  77.  A  board  of  internal  improvement,  to  consist  of  six 
commissioners,  was  established  by  the  general  assembly  in  January,  1830, 
under  whose  superintendence  the  income  of  this  fund  is  to  be  appropriated  to 
objects  of  public  utility,  as  roads,  canals,  &c. 

On  the  23d  of  May,  1828,  congress  made  a  grant  to  this  state  of  400,000 
acres  of  relinquished  and  unappropriated  lands  for  improving  the  navigation  of 
the  Muscle  Shoals  and  Colbert  Shoals  in  the  Tennessee ;  and  likewise  for  im 
proving  the  navigation  of  the  Coosa,  Cahawba,  and  Black  Warrior  rivers* 

There  are  12  periodical  presses  in  this  state. 
Religious  de-     ^ne  Baptists  in  this  state  have  12  associations,  219  churches,  130 

nomina-    ministers,  and  8,953  communicants ;  the  Methodists,  44  preachers 
13,504  members ;  the  Presbyterians,  38  churches,  27  ministers,  6 
licentiates,  and  1,669  communicants;  the  Roman  Catholics,  2  ministers ;  the 
Episcopalians,  2  ministers. 

Mobile,  in  the  southern  part  of  Alabama,  was  settled  long  since  by 
the  Spanish ;  yet  the  territory  which  now  forms  this  state  contained 
but  very  few  civilized  inhabitants  before  1810.     Since  that  time  its  increase  in 
population  has  been  exceedingly  rapid. 

Alabama  was  erected  into  a  territorial  government  in  1817  ;  the  inhabitants 
formed  a  constitution  in  1819;  and  in  1820,  it  was  admitted  into  the  Union. 


MISSISSIPPI.  115 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  two  branches,  a  senate  and  house 
of  representatives,  which  together  are  styled  The  General  Assembly 
of  the  State  of  Alabama.  The  representatives  are  elected  annually,  ment- 
and  are  apportioned  among  the  different  counties  in  proportion  to  the  white 
population;  the  whole  number  cannot  exceed  100,  nor  fall  short  of  60.  The 
senators  are  elected  for  three  years,  and  one-third  of  them  are  chosen  every 
year.  Their  number  cannot  be  more  than  one-third,  nor  less  than  one-fourth 
of  the  number  of  representatives.  The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor, 
who  is  elected  by  the  people,  for  two  years ;  and  is  eligible  four  years  out  of 
six.  The  representatives  and  one-third  of  the  senators  are  elected  annually  on 
the  first  Monday  in  August  and  the  day  following ;  and  the  governor  is  elected 
biennially  at  the  same  time.  The  general  assembly  meets  annually  (at  Tus- 
caloosa)  on  the  fourth  Monday  in  October.  The  right  of  suffrage  is  possessed 
by  every  white  male  citizen  of  21  years  of  age,  who  has  resided  within  the 
state  one  year  next  preceding  an  election,  and  the  last  three  months  within  the 
county,  city,  or  town,  in  which  he  offers  his  vote.  The  judicial  power  is  vested 
in  one  supreme  court,  in  circuit  courts,  and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  general 
assembly  may,  from  time  to  time,  direct  and  establish.  The  judges,  after  No 
vember  in  1833,  are  to  be  elected  by  a  joint  vote  of  both  houses  of  the  general 
assembly,  every  six  years. 

The  annual  salary  of  the  governor  is  $2,000*    This  state  sends  five  repre 
sentatives  to  congress. 


MISSISSIPPI, 

THIS  state  is  not  far  from  800  miles  in  average  length,  and  160  in  average 
breadth.  Between  30°  and  34°  N.  lat. ;  and  11°  and  14°  W.  long,  from  Wash 
ington.  It  contains  28,000,000  acres.  Bounded  on  the  N.  by  Tennessee ;  E. 
by  Alabama ;  S.  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico  and  Louisiana ;  W.  by  Louisiana  and 
the  Mississippi* 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Jackson. 

Adams                          sw 
Natchez                     city 

12,129  > 
2,790  $ 

Natchez 

112 

Amite                          ew 

7,943 

Liberty 

122 

Ciaiborne                      w 

9,818 

Port  Gibson 

67 

Copiah                       swm 

7,024 

Gallatin 

53 

CovingtoH                    sm 

2,549 

Williamsburgh 

83 

Franklin                      sw 

4,622 

Meadville 

105 

Greene                          se 

1,849 

Leaksville 

171 

Hancock                        s 

1,961 

Pearlington 

200 

Hinds                           TW 

8,619  \ 

JACKSON 
Raymond 

19 

Jackson                        se 

1,789 

Jackson  C.  H. 

213 

Jefferson                      sw 

9,755 

Fayette 

93 

Jones                           sm 

1,471 

Ellisville 

134 

Lawrence                    sm 

5,321 

Monticello 

88 

Lowndes 

3,342 

Columbus 

134 

Madison                         e 

4,973 

Livingston 

31 

Marion                           s 

3,701 

Columbia 

120 

Monroe                           e 

3,855 

Hamilton 

150 

116 


MISSISSIPPI. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.—  Continued. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Diat.  from 
Jackson. 

Perry                              se 

2,285 

Augusta 

137 

Pike                                 9 

5,402 

Holmesville 

151 

Rankin                          w 

2,084 

Brandon 

16 

Simpson                       sm 

2,666 

Westville 

56 

Warren                         w 

7,861 

Vicksburg 

54 

Washington 

1,976 

Princeton 

119 

Wayne                           e 

2,778 

Winchester 

165 

Wilkinson                    sw 

11,693 

Woodville 

148 

Yazoo                            w 

6,550 

Benton 

64 

26 

Population  at  different  Periods* 

The  country  now  forming  the  states  of  Mississippi  and  Alabama  was  erect 
ed  into  a  territorial  government  by  the  name  of  the  Mississippi  Territory,  in 
1798,  and  so  continued  till  1817.  Population  in  1800,  8,850;  in  1810, 
40,352  :— of  Mississippi  alone,  in  1816,  45,929. 

Slaves. 


In  1820, 
1830, 


Population, 

75,448 
136,806 


Increase  from  1820  to  1830,  61,358 


32,814 
65,659 


The  principal  rivers  are  the  Mississippi,  Pearl,  Pascagoula,  Yazoo,  Black, 
Tennessee,  and  the  western  branches  of  the  Tombigbee.  The  Mississippi 
forms  the  western  boundary  from  lat.  31°  to  35°  N. ;  308  miles  in  a  right  line, 
but  by  the  course  of  the  river  near  700  miles. 

The  southern  part  of  the  state,  extending  about  100  miles  north  from  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  is  mostly  a  champaign  country,  with  occasional  hills  of  moderate 
elevation,  and  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  long-leaved  pine,  interspersed  with 
cypress  swamps,  open  prairies,  and  inundated  marshes.  A  considerable  por 
tion  of  this  part  is  susceptible  of  cultivation.  The  soil  is  generally  sandy, 
sometimes  gravelly  and  clayey.  It  is  capable  of  producing  cotton,  corn,  in 
digo,  sugar,  garden  vegetables,  plums,  cherries,  peaches,  figs,  sour  oranges, 
and  grapes. 

In  proceeding  north,  the  face  of  the  country  becomes  more  elevated  and 
agreeably  diversified.  The  growth  of  timber  consists  of  poplar,  hickory,  oak, 
black  walnut,  sugar-maple,  buckeye,  elm,  hackberry,  &c.,  and  the  soil  is  ex 
ceedingly  fertile,  producing  abundant  crops  of  cotton,  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  in 
digo,  garden  vegetables,  and  fruit.  Nearly  all  the  country  watered  by  the 
Yazoo  is  described  as  incomparably  fertile,  well  watered,  and  healthful. 

Cotton  is  the  staple  production  of  the  state.  Peaches  and  figs  are  the  fruits 
most  easily  produced.  Apples,  plums,  lemons,  and  oranges  are  common. 

The  climate  is  temperate,  and  in  the  elevated  parts  generally  healthy.  The 
local  situation  of  this  state,  the  fertility  of  its  soil,  the  temperature  of  its  cli 
mate,  and  the  value  of  its  productions,  will  doubtless  cause  it  to  remain  an  im 
portant  part  of  the  Union. 

The  Choctaw  and  Chickasaw  Indians  possess  a  large  portion  of  the  territory 
of  this  state,  embracing  the  northern  and  eastern  parts.  The  tracts  possessed 
by  these  tribes,  comprise  some  of  the  finest  parts  of  the  state,  abounding  with 
extensive  and  beautiful  prairies.  The  Choctaws  and  Chickasaws  have  well 
cultivated  fields,  and  great  numbers  of  horses,  cattle,  hogs,  and  sheep.  Many 
of  them  are  mechanics,  and  their  women  spin  and  make  cloth. 

There  are  8  banks  and  branches  in  this  state ;  viz.  3  at  Natchez,  1  at  Port 
Gibson,  2  at  Vicksburg,  1  at  Woodville,  and  1  at  Rodney. 


MISSISSIPPI.  117 

Jefferson  College,  at  Washington,  was  established  in  1802,  and 
has  received  liberal  endowments  in  public  lands  from  the  federal  go-  £' 
vernment.     It  is  pleasantly  situated ;  the  buildings  are  large  and  commodious ; 
the  course  of  study  is  similar  to  that  of  West  Point ;  and  the  number  of  cadets 
or  students,  in  1830,  was  98. 

There  are  other  seminaries  in  different  parts ;  but,  although  an  interest  in 
education  is  manifested  in  the  different  counties,  yet  no  system  of  primary 
schools  has  been  adopted.  The  state  has  a  Literary  Fund,  amounting,  at 
present,  to  $27,000,  derived  from  the  donation  of  the  general  government, 
rents  of  lands,  three  per  cent,  on  all  sales  of  public  lands,  fines,  forfeitures, 
&c.  But  no  portion  of  it  is  available  till  it  shall  amount  to  850,000. 

In  1829,  a  Board  of  Internal  Improvement  was  organized  by  the  internal  im- 
legislature,  consisting  of  the  governor  and  three  commissioners.  The  Provement. 
board  was  authorized  to  employ  a  civil  engineer,  and  to  negotiate  a  loan  of 
the  sum  of  $200,000  upon  the  credit  of  the  state,  to  be  appropriated  for  the 
improvement  of  the  navigable  streams  and  public  roads  within  the  state.  By 
an  act  of  congress,  passed  March  1,  1817,  five  per  cent,  of  the  neat  proceeds 
of  the  sales  of  the  public  lands  within  the  state,  was  reserved  for  making  roads 
and  canals ;  and  three-fifths  of  this  (called  the  Three  per  cent.  Fund)  are  sub 
ject  to  appropriation  by  the  state  legislature  to  those  objects  within  the  state ; 
the  other  two-fifths  are  at  the  disposal  of  congress  for  roads  leading  to  the 
state. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1831  was  10. 

The  Methodists  in  this  state  have  23  preachers,  and  5,918  mem-  Religioud 
bers;  the  Baptists,  3  associations,  58  churches,  12  ministers,  and  denomina- 
1,714  communicants;  the  Presbyterians,  25  churches,  21  ministers, 
3  licentiates,  and  about  950  communicants ;  the  Episcopalians,  4  ministers , 
and  there  are  some  Roman  Catholics. 

The  first  settlement  of  whites  in  Mississippi  was  made  by  the    ffigto 
French  at  Natchez,  about  the  year  1716;  in  1729,  these  colonists 
were  massacred  by  the  Natchez  Indians ;  but  in  the  succeeding  year,  this  once 
powerful  tribe  was  extirpated  by  the  French. 

But  few  American  settlements  were  made  in  this  country  till  near  the  end 
of  the  last  century.  In  1800,  the  territory  was  erected  into  a  separate  go 
vernment,  and,  in  1817,  into  an  independent  state. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  at  the  town  of  Washing-  Constitu. 

ton,  in  August,  1817.  tion  and  go- 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  Senate  and  a  House  of  Repre-  vernment- 
sentatives,  which  are  together  styled  The  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of 
Mississippi. 

The  representatives  are  elected  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  August,  in 
the  ratio  of  one  to  every  3,000  white  inhabitants.  Each  county,  however,  is 
entitled  to  one ;  and  the  present  whole  number  is  33.  According  to  the  consti 
tution,  when  the  number  of  white  inhabitants  exceeds  80,000,  the  number  of 
representatives  cannot  be  less  than  36,  nor  more  than  100. 

The  members  of  the  senate  are  elected  for  three  years,  one  third  being 
chosen  annually.  Their  number  cannot  be  less  than  one  fourth,  nor  more 
than  one  third  of  the  whole  number  of  representatives. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  by  the  people, 
for  two  years,  on  the  first  Monday  in  August.  At  every  election  of  governor, 
a  lieutenant-governor  is  also  chosen,  who  is  president  of  the  senate,  and  on 
whom  the  executive  duties  devolve  in  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  or  absence 
of  the  governor. 

The  general  assembly  meets  (at  Jackson)  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in 
November. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  every  free  white  male  citizen  of  the 


118  LOUISIANA. 

United  States,  of  the  age  of  21  years  or  upwards,  who  lias  resided  within  tins 
state  one  year  next  preceding  an  election,  and  the  last  six  months  within  the 
county,  city,  or  town  in  which  he  offers  to  vote,  and  is  enrolled  in  the  militia 
thereof,  unless  exempted  by  law  from  military  service ;  or,  having  the  aforesaid 
qualifications  of  citizenship  and  residence,  has  paid  a  state  or  county  tax. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  and  such  superior  and  in 
ferior  courts  of  law  and  equity,  as  the  legislature  may,  from  time  to  time,  es 
tablish.  The  judges  of  the  several  courts  are  elected  by  the  general  assembly, 
and  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  till  the  age  of  65  years. 

The  governor's  salary  is  $2,500- 

This  state  sends  two  representatives  to  congress. 


LOUISIANA. 

LENGTH,  240  miles ;  breadth,  210 :  containing  48,220  square  miles*  Between 
29°  and  33°  30'  N.  lat.  and  12°  and  17°  3'  W.  Ion.  Bounded  east  by  Missis 
sippi  state,  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  by  the  river  Mississippi  from  31°  to 
33°,  and  thence  by  the  parallel  of  31°  to  Pearl  river ;  thence  by  that  stream  to 
its  mouth ;  south  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  west  by  the  river  Sabine,  which 
separates  it  from  the  Mexican  states,  and  following  that  river  to  the  parallel  of 
32°,  thence  due  north  to  33°,  thence  due  east  to  the  Mississippi,  having  Arkan 
sas  territory  on  the  north. 


TABLE  OF  THE  PARISHES  AND  SEATS  OF  JUSTICE. 

Eastern  District. 

Parishes. 

Pop.  1830. 

Seats  of  Justice. 

Dist.  from 
N.  Orleans. 

Ascension                           sem 

6,400 

Donaldson 

75 

Assumption                        sem 

5,670 

Assumption  C.  H. 

90    ' 

Baton  Rouge,  East,              m 

6,717 

Concordia 

Baton  Rouge,  Wes*,             m 

3,092 

Baton  Rouge 

117 

Ooncordia                             ne 

4,662 

Feliciana,  East,                   em 

8,247 

Jackson 

158 

Feliciana,  West*                  em 

8,629 

St.  Francisviile 

149 

[berville                             sem 

7,050 

Iberville 

98 

Jefferson                               se 

6,846 

Coqliille 

202 

Lafourche  Interior                 s 

5,500 

Thibadeuxville 

108 

Orleans                                 se 
New  Orleans,  city  ty  suburbs 

3,793 
46,310 

>  NEW  ORLEANS 

Plaquemines                         se 

4,489 

Fort  Jackson 

75 

Point  Cupee                          m 

5,936 

Point  Coupee 

154 

St.  Bernard                        sem 

3,356 

St.  Charles                        sem 

5,107 

St.  Helena                           em 

4,027 

St.  Helena 

98 

St.  James                           sem 

7,672 

Bringier's 

60 

St.  John  Baptist                 sem 

5,700 

Bonnet  Carre 

36 

St.  Tammany                         e 

2,864 

Covington 

44 

Terre  Bonne                          » 

2,121 

Williamsburg 

Washington                          e 

2,286 

Franklinton 

21     Total  of  East.  Dist. 

155,318 

LOUISIANA. 


119 


TABLE  OF  THE  PARISHES  AND  SEATS  OF  JUSTICE.—  Continued. 

Western  District. 

Parishes. 

Pop.  1830. 

Seats  of  Justice* 

Dist.  from 
N.  Orleans. 

Avoyelles                           >» 

3,488 

Marksville 

240 

Catahoula                        nm 

2,576 

Harrisonburg 

251 

Claiborne 

1,764 

Russelville 

441 

Lafayette                             s 

5,606 

Vermilionville 

192 

Natchitoches                    nw 

7,926 

Natchitoches 

354 

Rapides                               w 

7,559 

Alexandria 

272 

St.  Landry                       sw 

12,552 

Opelousas 

192 

St.  Martin's                         s 

7,204 

St.  Martinsville 

176 

St.  Mary's                          s 

6,442 

Franklin 

141 

Washita                             n 

5,140 

Monroe 

323 

10  Total  of  West.  Dist. 

60,257 

Population.  Slaves. 

Eastern  District 21 155,318 80,421 

Western  District 10 .60,257 29,210 

31  Counties      

Total  of  Louisiana  215,575  109,631 

Population  at  different  Periods. 

Population.  Slaves. 

In  1810,       76,556  34,660 

1820,     153,407     Increase  from  1810  to  1820,      76,851       69,064 
1830,    215,575          1820      1830,       62,168     109,631 

Population  of  New-Orleans,  in  1802,  about  10,000;  in  1810,  17,242;  in 
1820,  27,176 ;  in  1830,  46,310. 

Three  quarters  of  the  state  are  without  an  elevation,  that  can  be  Face  of  tha 
properly  called  a  hill.  The  pine  woods  generally  have  a  surface  of  country, 
a  very  particular  character,  rising  into  fine  swells,  with  table  sur-  BO|1>  &c' 
faces  on  the  summit,  and  valleys  from  30  to  40  feet  deep.  But  they  are  with 
out  any  particular  range,  and  like  the  waves  of  a  high  and  regular  sea.  The 
alluvial  soil  is  level,  and  the  swamps,  which  are  the  only  inundated  alluvions, 
are  dead  flats.  The  vast  prairies  which  constitute  a  large  portion  of  the  surface 
of  the  state,  have,  in  a  remarkable  degree,  all  the  distinctive  aspects  of 
prairies.  To  the  eye  they  seem  as  level  as  the  still  surface  of  a  lake.  They 
are,  except  the  quaking  prairies,  higher  and  drier  than  the  savannas  of  Flori 
da.  A  range  of  hills  commences  in  gentle  elevations  in  Opelousas,  rises 
gradually,  and  diverges  towards  the  Sabine.  In  the  vicinity  of  Natchitoches 
it  preserves  a  distance  intermediate  between  the  Sabine  and  Red  Rivers,  and 
continues  to  increase  in  elevation  to  the  western  parts  of  the  state.  Seen  from 
the  Pine  Hills  above  Natchitoches,  they  have,  in  the  distance,  the  blue  outline 
of  a  range  of  mountains.  Another  line  of  hills,  not  far  from  Alexandria, 
commences  on  the  north  side  of  Red  River,  and  separating  between  the  waters 
of  that  river  and  Dudgemony,  unites  with  another  line  of  hills,  that  bound  the 
alluvions  of  the  Washita,  as  bluffs,  gradually  diverging  from  that  river,  as 
they  pass  beyond  the  western  limits  of  the  state.  The  new  and  remote  parish 
taken  from  Natchitoches,  called  Claiborne,  or  Allen's  Settlement,  is  a  high  and 
rolling  country. — There  are  considerable  hills  beyond  the  Mississippi  alluvions, 
east  of  that  river.  But,  generally  speaking,  Louisiana  is  one  immense  plain 
divided  into  pine  woods,  prairies,  alluvions,  swamps,  and  hickory  and  oak 
lands. 


120  LOUISIANA. 

The  pine  woods  are  generally  rolling;  sometimes,  but  not  often,  level. 
They  have  almost  invariably  a  poor  soil,  sufficiently  described  in  our  account 
of  Florida  and  Alabama.  They  possess  the  same  character  here,  except,  that 
creeks  are  more  common,  with  more  extensive  and  somewhat  richer  bottoms ; 
and  there  is,  perhaps,  a  greater  proportion  of  laurels,  oaks  and  hickories 
among  the  pines.  The  greater  proportion  of  the  prairies  is  second-rate  land. 
Some  of  those  west  of  Opelousas,  and  between  Washita  and  Red  River,  are 
even  sterile.  Some  parts  of  the  prairies  of  Opelousas  are  of  great  fertility,  and 
those  of  Attakapas  still  more  so.  As  a  general  fact,  they  are  more  level  than 
those  of  the  upper  country.  A  large  belt  of  these  prairies,  near  the  gulf,  is 
low,  marshy,  and  in  rainy  weather  inundated.  A  very  considerable  extent  of 
them  has  a  cold  clayey  soil,  with  a  hard  pan  near  the  surface.  In  other  places 
the  soil  is  of  inky  blackness,  and  disposed  in  the  hot  and  dry  season  to  crack 
in  fissures,  of  a  size  to  admit  a  man's  arm. 

The  bottoms  are  generally  rich,  but  in  very  different  degrees.  Those  of  the 
Mississippi  and  Red  River,  and  the  bayous  connected  with  those  streams,  are 
more  fertile  and  productive  than  the  streams  west  of  them,  and  between  them 
and  the  Sabine.  The  fertility  of  the  richer  bottoms  of  the  Mississippi  and  Red 
River  is  sufficiently  attested  by  the  prodigious  growth  of  the  timber,  the  luxu 
riance,  size,  and  rankness  of  the  cane  and  the  cotton,  the  tangle  of  vines  and 
creepers,  the  astonishing  size  of  the  weeds,  and  the  strength  of  vegetation  in 
general.  We  have  measured  a  fig-tree,  and  a  sumach,  both  ordinarily  con 
sidered  as  shrubs,  which  were  larger  than  a  man's  body.  The  richness  of  the 
articles  of  cultivation  is  sufficiently  well  known.  The  cotton  on  fresh  lands 
of  the  richest  quality  grows  to  the  size  of  a  considerable  shrub. 

The  districts  of  Louisiana,  which  have  the  richest  soil,  are  the  following : — 
1st.  The  island  of  New-Orleans.  This  is  so  denominated  in  geography,  and 
correctly.  Not  far  below  Baton  Rouge,  a  bayou,  or  efflux,  called  Manshac,  or 
Ibberville,  makes  out  from  the  Mississippi,  which,  in  its  course,  receives  other 
waters,  until  swollen  into  a  considerable  river,  it  falls  into  lake  Maurepas. 
That  again  is  connected  by  a  narrow  gorge  with  lake  Ponchartrain,  and  that 
by  the  rigolets  with  lake  Borgne  and  the  Gulf.  The  Mississippi  insulates  it  on 
the  other  side.  Consequently,  the  island  of  New-Orleans  is  a  narrow  strip  of 
land,  stretching  between  this  range  of  lakes  and  the  river.  About  one  third  of 
the  average  width  of  this  strip  is  under  cultivation.  The  other  two  thirds  are 
swamp.  Its  front  is  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Mississippi ;  and  its  rear  is  this 
bayou  and  this  line  of  lakes.  The  bayou  Manshac,  which  completes  the 
insular  character  of  this  tract,  is  narrow,  and  is  seldom  seen  by  persons  de 
scending  the  Mississippi.  This  tract  is  the  finest  part  of  that  rich  country, 
called  the  coast.  The  coast  is  that  pajrt  of  the  bottom  of  the  Mississippi, 
which  commences  with  the  first  cultivation  above  the  Balize,  that  is  to  say, 
about  40  miles  below  New-Orleans,  and  150  above.  This  belt  on  each  side 
of  the  river  is  secured  by  an  embankment,  called  a  levee,  from  6  to  8  feet  in 
height,  and  sufficiently  broad,  for  the  most  part,  to  furnish  a  fine  highway. 
The  river,  in  ordinary  inundations,  would  cover  the  greater  part  of  this  belt 
from  two  to  six  feet  in  depth.  It  is  from  one  to  two  miles  in  width,  and  per 
haps  a  richer  tract  of  land  of  the  same  extent  cannot  be  found  on  the  face  of 
the  globe.  The  levee  extends  something  higher  on  the  west  than  on  the  east 
side  of  the  river.  Above  the  levee  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river  are  the  par 
ishes  of  Baton  Rouge,  and  East  and  West  Feliciana.  The  latter  parish  re 
ceived  its  name  from  its  pleasant  surface  of  fertile  hills  and  valleys,  and  its 
union  of  desirable  circumstances  for  a  planting  country.  This  paris^  presents 
a  spectacle  very  uncommon  in  this  country,  hills  that  are  covered  with  laurels 
and  forest  trees,  denoting  the  richest  soil.  Here  are  some  of  the  wealthiest 
planters  and  best  plantations  in  the  state.  Bayou  Sarah,  the  point  of  shipment 
for  this  region,  sends  great  quantities  of  cotton  to  New-Orleans.  Some  of  the 


LOUISIANA.  121 

plantations  oh  this  bayou  have  from  5  to  800  acres  under  cultivation,  worked 
by  a  large  number  of  hands. 

On  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  La  Fourche,  the  Teche,  and  the  Vermilion^ 
below  lat.  30°  12'  N.  wherever  the  soil  is  elevated  above  the  annual  inunda 
tions,  sugar  can  be  produced ;  and  the  lands  are  generally  devoted  to  this  crop* 
In  all  other  parts  of  the  state,  cotton  is  the  staple*  The  best  districts  for  cottoh 
are  the  banks  of  Red  River,  Washita,  Teche,  and  the  Mississippi.  Rice  is 
more  particularly  confined  to  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  where  irrigation  can 
be  easily  performed. — The  quantity  of  land  within  the  state  adapted  to  the 
cultivation  of  the  three  staples,  has  been  estimated  as  follows :  sugar,  250,000 
acres;  rice,  250,000;  cotton,  2,400,000.  Some  of  the  sugar-planters  have 
derived  a  revenue  in  some  years  of  $600  from  the  labor  of  each  of  their 
slaves ;  from  $350  to  $450  is  the  ordinary  calculation*  The  cultivation  of 
cotton  is  believed  to  be  equally  profitable.  The  amount  of  sugar  made  in 
Louisiana  in  1810,  was  about  10,000,000  Ibs. ;  in  1814,  not  less  than 
15,000,000;  in  1817,  20,000,000;  in  1828,  88,000,000;  and  in  1830, 
100,000,000.  The  extensive  prairie  land,  in  the  south-west  part  of  the  state, 
(embracing  the  district  of  Opelousas,  and  the  greater  part  of  Attacapas,  is  most 
admirably  adapted  to  the  rearing  of  cattle,  and  has  hitherto  been  used  almost 
exclusively  for  that  purpose.  Many  of  the  richer  planters  on  the  Teche  and 
Vermilion,  have  stock  farms  established  on  Mermantau  and  Calcasiu  rivers, 
and  count  their  cattle  by  the  thousand. 

The  population  is  principally  confined  to  the  settlements  on  the  Mississippi* 
In  the  upper  settlements  the  inhabitants  are  principally  Canadians;  in  the 
middle,  Germans ;  and  in  the  lower,  French  and  Spaniards.  A  few  years  since 
a  majority  of  the  inhabitants  were  Roman  Catholics.  The  clergy  of  this 
order,  however,  are  not  numerous ;  and  the  constant  introduction  of  emigrants 
from  the  north  is  effecting  a  rapid  revolution  in  all  the  institutions  of  the 
country. 

In  journeying  from  New  Orleans  to  the  mouth  of  Sabine  river,  we  meet 
with  men  in  every  stage  of  civilization.  In  New  Orleans,  and  other  places  on 
the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  the  sugar  and  cotton  planters  live  in  splendid 
edifices,  and  enjoy  all  the  luxury  that  wealth  can  impart.  In  Attacapas  and 
Opelousas,  the  glare  of  expensive  luxury  vanishes,  and  is  followed  by  substan 
tial  independence.  In  the  western  parts  of  Opelousas  are  found  herdsmen  and 
hunters ;  the  cabins  are  rudely  and  hastily  constructed,  and  the  whole  scene 
recalls  to  the  imagination  the  primeval  state  of  society. 

The  exports  from  Louisiana  are  not  confined  to  its  own  produce.  The  bulky 
articles  of  all  the  western  states  go  down  the  Mississippi,  and  are  cleared  out 
at  New  Orleans.  The  value  of  the  exports  in  1804,  was  $1,600,362;  in 
1806,  $3,887,323;  in  1815,  $5,102,610;  in  1817,  $13,501,036;  and  in 
1829,  $12,386,000. 

A  canal  was  completed  in  1831,  connecting  New  Orleans  with     Canal 
lake  Ponchartrain.     It  is  4£  miles  long,  perfectly  straight,  and  its 
ascent  and  descent  are  only  16  inches. 

There  are  10  banks  and  branches  in  this  state ;  5  at  New  Orleans,  1  at 
Baton  Rouge,  1  at  Donaldson,  1  at  Opelousas,  1  at  Alexandria,  and  one  at  St. 
Francisville. 

There  are  colleges  at  Jackson  and  New  Orleans.     In  1827,  the 
legislature  made  a  grant  to  each  parish  in  the  state,  of  $2  62£  to 
every  voter,  to  be  applied  to  the  education  of  the  indigent ;  the  amount  for 
one  parish  not  to  exceed  $1,350,  nor  to  fall  short  of  $800.    In  consequence  of 
this  act,  nearly  $40,000  are  annually  appropriated  to  the  education  of  the 
poor. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1831  was  12. 

Q 


122  LOUISIANA. 


Reii  ions       ^ne  Catholic  religion  is  predominant  in  Louisiana,  and  there  ar"<y 
denomina-  Catholic  churches  in  all  the  considerable  villages  ;  but  there  are  few 

tions.     Protestant  churches  in  the  state. 

The  Mississippi  was  discovered  by  Marquette  and  Joliette,  two 
French  missionaries,  in  1673.  In  1682,  the  country  was  explored  by 
La  Salle,  and  named  Louisiana  in  honor  of  Louis  XIV.     A  French  settlement 
was  begun  at  Iberville  in  1699,  and  in  1717  New  Orleans  was  founded. 

In  1803,  the  extensive  country  of  Louisiana,  comprising  all  the  territory  now 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  lying  west  of  the  Mississippi,  was  purchased  of 
France  for  the  sum  of  $15,000,000  ;  and  in  1812,  the  southern  portion  of  this 
country  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  an  independent  state. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  last  war  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,. 
a  very  formidable  armament  invaded  the  territory  of  Louisiana,  with  a  view  to 
the  capture  of  New  Orleans.-  Several  thousand  volunteers  from  the  adjoining 
country  hastened  to  the  relief  of  the  city,  and  their  energies  were  ably  directed 
by  general  Jackson.  Four  engagements  took  place,  in  all  of  which  the  British 
were  decisively  repulsed.  In  the  last  of  these,  which  occurred  on  the  8th  of 
January,  1815,  the  loss  of  the  enemy  was  so  great,  that  he  withdrew  the 
remainder  of  his  forces,  and  desisted  from  the  hopeless  attempt. 
Constitution  ^e  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1812.  The  legisla- 
and  govern-  tive  power  is  vested  in  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  both 
together  styled  The  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Louisiana.  The 
representatives  are  elected  for  two  years  on  the  first  Monday,  Tuesday,  and 
Wednesday  in  July.  Their  number  cannot  be  less  than  25,  nor  more  than  50  ^ 
and  they  are  apportioned  according  to  the  number  of  electors,  as  ascertained 
by  enumeration  every  four  years.  The  members  of  the  senate  are  elected  for 
four  years  ;  one-half  being  chosen  every  two  years,  at  the  time  of  the  election 
of  the  representatives*  The  state  is  divided  into  16  senatorial  districts,  in  each 
of  which  one  senator  is  chosen.  The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor, 
who  is  elected  for  the  term  of  four  years.  The  people  give  their  votes  for  a 
governor  at  the  time  and  place  of  voting  for  representatives  and  senators  ;  and 
on  the  second  day  of  the  succeeding  session  of  the  general  assembly,  the  two 
houses,  by  a  joint  ballot,  elect  for  governor  one  of  the  two  candidates  who 
have  the  greatest  number  of  votes.  The  governor's  term  of  office  commences 
on  the  fourth  Monday  succeeding  his  election.  The  general  assembly  meets 
(since  1829,  at  Donaldson  or  Donaldsonville)  annually,-  on  the  first  Monday  in 
January  ;  except  in  the  years  of  the  election  of  president  of  the  United  States, 
when  it'  meets  on  the  3d  Monday  in  November.  The  right  of  suffrage  is  pos 
sessed  by  every  white  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  of  the  age  of  21  years, 
who  has  resided  in  the  county  in  which  he  offers  to  vote  one  year  next  preced 
ing  the  election,  and  who  in  the  last  six  months  prior  to  said  election  has  paid 
a  state  tax.  The  judiciary  power  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court,  which  possesses 
appellate  jurisdiction  only,  and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  legislature  may 
establish.  The  judges  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  the  advice  and  con 
sent  of  the  senate,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior. 

The  governor's  salary  is  $7,000.  This  state  sends  three  representatives  to 
congress* 


TENNESSEE. 

TENNESSEE. 


123 


Boundaries  BOUNDED  N.  by  Kentucky ;  E.  by  North  Carolina ;  S.  by  Georgia, 
'  Alabama,  and  Mississippi ;  and  W.  by  Mississippi  river,  which  sepa 
rates  it  from  Arkansas  territory.  It  lies  between  35°  and  36°  30'  N.  lat.  and 
between  4°  30'  and  10°  W.  long.  It  is  430  miles  long,  104  broad,  and  con 
tains  40,000  square  miles,  or  25,600,000  acres. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

West  Tennessee. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Nashville. 

Bedford                      m 

16,012 

30,444 

Shelbyville 

52 

Carroll                        w 

9,378 

Huntingdon 

109 

Davidson                   m 
Nashville,  t&ivn 

20,154 

22,523 
5,566 

>  NASHVILLE 

Dickson                   wm 

5,190 

7,261 

Charlotte 

40 

Dyer                           w 

1,904 

Dyersburg 

168 

Fayette                      SID 

8,654 

Somerville 

184 

Fentress                      n 

2,760 

Jamestown 

131 

Franklin                      s 

16,571 

15,644 

Winchester 

82 

Gibson                      w 

5,801 

Trenton 

139 

Giles                           s 

12,558 

18,920 

Pulaski 

77 

Hardiman                 sw 

11,628 

Bolivar 

158 

Hardin                     sw 

1,462 

4,867 

Savannah 

112 

Haywood                   w 

5,356 

Brownsville 

275 

Henderson              wm 

8,741 

Lexington 

130 

Henry                      nw 

12,230 

Daris 

108 

ffickman                   m 

6,080 

8,132 

Vernon 

66 

Humphreys             wm 

4,067 

6,189 

Eleynoldsburgh 

77 

Jackson                      n 

7,593 

9,902 

jainesborough 

79 

Lawrence                    s 

3,271 

5,412 

Lawrenceburgh 

75 

Lincoln                       s 

14,761 

22,086 

Fayetteville 

73 

Madison                     w 

11,750 

Jackson 

147 

Maury                       m 

22,141 

28,153 

Columbia 

42 

McNairy                    s 

5,697 

^urdy 

128 

Montgomery              n 

12,219 

14,365 

Clarksville 

46 

Obion                       nw 

2,099 

Troy 

161 

3verton                      n 

7,188 

8,246 

Monroe 

109 

Perry                       wm 

2,384 

7,038 

Shannonsville 

114 

Robertson                   n 

7,270 

13,302 

Springfield 

25 

Rutherford                 m 

19,552 

26,133 

Murfreesborough 

33 

Shelby                       sw 

354 

5,652 

Memphis 

224 

Smith                          n 

17,580 

21,492 

Carthage 

52 

Sumner                       n 

19,211 

20,606 

Gallatin 

25 

Stewart                    nw 

8,397 

6,988 

Dover 

81 

Tipton                       w 

5,317 

^ovington 

197 

Warren                      m 

10,348 

15,351 

McMinnville 

74 

Wayne                        s 

2,459 

6,013 

Waynesborough 

92 

Weakley                  nw 

4,796 

Dresden 

132 

White                         m 

8,701 

9,967 

Sparta 

92 

Williamson                m 

20,640 

26,608 

'Vanklin 

18 

Wilson                     nm 

18,730 

25,477 

^ebanon 

31 

40    Total  of  W.Tenn. 

287,501 

488,448  of  whom  124,492  are  slaves. 

124 


TENNESSEE. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.—  Continued. 

East  Tennessee. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830, 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Nashville. 

Anderson                  m 

4,468 

5,312 

Clinton 

195 

Bledsoe                      aw 

4,005 

6,448 

Pikeville 

109 

Blount                        e 

11,258 

11,027 

Marysville 

197 

Campbell                   n 

4,244 

5,110 

Jacksonborough 

215 

Carter                       ne 

4,835 

6,418 

Elizabethtown 

316 

Claiborne                   n 

5,508 

8,470 

Tazewell 

243 

Cocke                         e 

4,892 

6,048 

Newport 

247 

Granger                  em 

7,651 

10,066 

Rutledge 

232 

Greene                        e 

11,221 

14,410 

Greenville 

273 

Hamilton                sem 

821 

2,274 

Hamilton  C.  H. 

148 

Hawkins                   ne 

10,949 

13,683 

Rogersville 

264 

Jefferson                     e 

8,953 

11,799 

Dandridge 

229 

Knox                       em 

13,034 

14,498 

Knoxville 

199 

McMinn                 sem 

1,623 

14,497 

Athens 

153 

Marion                       s 

3,888 

5,516 

Jasper 

114 

Monroe                     se 

2,529 

13,709 

Madisonville 

168 

Morgan                     n 

1,676 

2,582 

Montgomery 

46 

Rhea                        em 

4,215 

8,182 

Washington 

129 

Roane                        e 

7,895 

11,340 

Kingston 

159 

Sevier                         e 

4,772 

5,117 

Sevier  C.  H. 

225 

Sullivan                    ne 

7,015 

10,073 

Blountsville 

306 

Washington                e 

9,557 

10,995 

Jonesborough 

298 

22    Total  ofE.  Tenn. 

135,312 

196,374,  of  whom  17,890  are  slaves. 

West  Tennessee 
East  Tennessee 


Population. 

488,448 
196,374 


Slaves. 

124,492 
17,890 


142,382 


1820, 
1830, 


Slave*. 

13,584 

44,535 

80,107 

142,382 


Towni. 


Total  of  Tennessee,  684,822 

Population  at  different  Periods. 

Population. 

1800,     105,642 

1810,  261,727  Increase  from  1800  to  1810,  156,125 

420,813  1810  1820,  159,086 

684,822  1820  1830,  264,009 

The  chief  towns  are  Nashville,  Knoxville,  Murfreesboro',  Clarks- 
ville,    Fayetteville,    Columbia,   Newport,    Shelbyville,    Jonesboro^ 
Gallatin,  Franklin,  Winchester,  Memphis,  Jackson,   Pulaski,  Lebanon,  Car 
thage,  Charlotte,  Reynoldsburg,  Springfield,  Huntsville,  Jonesboro',  Mary  ville, 
Clinton,  Kingston,  M'Minnville,  and  Williamsburg. 
Nashville  is  the  metropolis  and  capital. 

The  principal   rivers    are  Mississippi,   Tennessee,   Cumberland, 
crs<    Clinch,  Duck,  Holston,  French-Broad,  Notahacky,  Hiwassee,  Tellico, 
Reelfoot,  Obion,  Forked  Deer,  Wolf,  and  Elk  river. 

Tennessee  is  washed  by  the  great  river  Mississippi  on  the  west,  and  the  fine 
rivers  Tennessee  and  Cumberland  pass  through  it  in  very  serpentine  courses. 
The  western  part  is  undulating ;  some  of  it  level ;  in  the  middle  it  is  hilly ;  and 
the  eastern  part,  known  by  the  name  of  East  Tennessee,  abounds  in  mountains, 
many  of  them  lofty  >  and  presenting  scenery  peculiarly  grand  and  picturesque. 
Of  these  mountains  the  Cumberland,  or  great  Laurel  Ridge,  is  the  most  remark 
able.  Stone,  Yellow,  Iron  Bald,  Smoky,  and  Unaka  mountains,  join  each 


TENNESSEE.  125 

Other,  and  form  in  a  direction  nearly  north-east  and  south-west,  the  eastern  bound 
ary  of  the  state.  North-west  of  these,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  valleys 
of  from  5  to  15  miles  wide,  are  Bay's  Mountain,  Copper  Ridge,  Clinch  Mountain, 
Powell's  Mountain,  and  Welling's  Ridge.  The  last  four  terminate  north  of  Ten 
nessee  river.  They  are  all  encircled  by  valleys,  which  open  passages  for  rivers 
and  roads,  and  which  together  with  the  numerous  cascades,  render  the  views 
very  sublime.  Caves  of  great  depth  and  extent  are  found  throughout  the  state. 
The  geological  formation  of  this  state  is  wholly  secondary,  except  a  small 
portion  of  the  eastern  part,  which  is  transition,  and  numerous  spots  on  the 
banks  of  rivers,  which  are  alluvial.  A  considerable  portion  of  the  state  is  bed 
ded  on  lime-stone.  A  large  deposit  of  gypsum  has  been  lately  discovered.  Cop 
peras,  alum,  nitre,  and  lead  are  among  the  minerals.  Some  silver  has  been 
found.  Coal  is  supposed  to  be  plentiful.  Saltpetre  is  so  abundant  as  to  form 
a  great  article  of  commerce.  There  are  several  mineral  springs,  and  many 
valuable  salt  springs. 

The  soil  in  a  country  so  uneven  must  be  very  various.  The  western  part 
of  the  state  has  a  black,  rich  soil ;  in  the  middle  are  great  quantities  of  excel 
lent  land ;  in  the  eastern,  part  of  the  mountains  are  lean,  but  there  are  many 
fertile  valleys.  There  is  a  great  profusion  of  natural  timber,  poplar,  hickory, 
walnut,  oak,  beach,  sycamore,  locust,  cherry,  sugar-maple,  &c.,  and  in  many 
places  are  great  quantities  of  cane  remarkably  thick  and  strong.  The  state 
also  abounds  with  medicinal  plants,  such  as  snake-root,  ginseng,  Carolina  pink, 
angelica,  senna,  annise,  spikenard,  &c.  Tennessee  is  also  well  supplied  with 
animals  and  birds  of  various  kinds,  and  the  rivers  abound  in  divers  sorts  of 
fish. 

The  climate  is  generally  healthy.  In  East  Tennessee,  the  heat  is  so  tempered 
by  the  mountain  air  on  one  side,  and  by  refreshing  breezes  from  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  on  the  other,  that  this  part  of  the  state  has  one  of  the  most  desirable 
climates  in  North  America.  The  middle  part  resembles  Kentucky  in  climate. 
The  winter  in  Tennessee  resembles  the  spring  in  New  England.  Snow 
seldom  falls  to  a  greater  depth  than  10  inches,  or  lies  longer  than  10  days. 
Cumberland  river  has  been  frozen  over  but  three  times  since  the  country  was 
settled.  Cattle  are  rarely  sheltered  in  winter. 

In  the  western  parts  there  are  some  low  bottoms  on  which  the  inhabitants 
are  subject  to  bilious  fevers,  and  fever  and  ague  in  the  autumn. 

The  great  business  of  the  state  is  agriculture.  The  soil  produces  abundantly 
cotton  and  tobacco,  which  are  the  staple  commodities.  The  inhabitants  also 
raise  a  plentiful  supply  of  grain,  grass,  and  fruit.  They  export  cotton,  tobacco, 
and  flour,  in  considerable  quantities ;  also  saltpetre,  and  many  other  articles. 
The  principal  commerce  is  carried  on  through  the  Tennessee  and  Cumberland 
rivers,  and  from  them  through  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  to  New  Orleans.  This 
state  also  supplies  Kentucky,  Ohio,  &c.,  with  cotton  for  inland  manufactures  ; 
and  from  East  Tennessee  considerable  numbers  of  cattle  are  sent  to  the  sea 
ports  on  the  Atlantic. 

There  are  only  3  banks  in  this  state,  including  a  branch  of  the  United  States 
Bank  at  Nashville,  "  The  Bank  of  the  State,"  and  a  private  bank  of  Yeatman 
Woods  &  Co.,  all  at  Nashville. 

The  state  penitentiary  is  near  Nashville,  built  in  1831,  at  an  expense  of 
about  850,000.  It  is  3  stories  high,  310  feet  in  length,  and  50  feet  in  width, 
containing  solitary  cells. 

Nashville  University,  at  Nashville,  is  a  respectable  institution,  with 
considerable  endowments.     East  Tennessee  College  is  at  Knoxville. 
Greenville  College,  the  oldest  in  the  state,  is  at  Greenville ;  and  there  is  a  theo 
logical  school  at  Maryville. 

The  Cherokee  Indians  possess  that  part  of  the  state  which  lies  to  the  south 
of  the  Tennessee  and  Hiwasse  rivers.  These  Indians  have  made  much  pro- 


120  TENNESSEE. 

gress  in  the  arts  of  civilized  life,  and  pay  considerable  attention  to  education. 
There  are  several  missionary  stations  among  them,  of  which  one  of  the  most 
considerable  is  Brainerd. 

Religious       The  Baptists  in  this  state  have  11  associations,  214  churches,  141 
denpmina-  ministers,  and  11,971  communicants  ;  the  Methodists,  125  preachers, 
and  38,242  members;  the  Presbyterians,  105  churches,  60  minis 
ters,  20  licentiates,  and  6,814  communicants;  the  Lutherans,  10  ministers. 
The  Cumberland  Presbyterians,  computed  at  about  100,000,  reside  chiefly  in 
Tennessee  and  Kentucky. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  this  state  is  20. 

The  earliest  settlements  in  this  state  were  made  between  the  years 
1765  and  1770,  by  emigrants  from  North  Carolina  and  Virginia. 
The  country  was  included  within  the  limits  of  North  Carolina  till  1790, 
when  it  was  placed  under  a   separate  territorial   government,  denominated 
the  "  Territory  South  of  the  Ohio ;"  and  in  1796,  the  inhabitants  formed  a 
constitution,  and  Tennessee  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  an  independent 
state. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  at  Knoxville,  in  1796. 

Constitution  mi  .  .     .  .  .  . 

and  govern-  The  legislative  authority  is  vested  m  a  General  Assembly,  consisting 
ment-  of  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives  ;  and  the  members  of  both 
houses  are  elected  biennially  on  the  first  Tuesday  and  Friday  in  August.  The 
number  of  representatives  is  60,  who  are  apportioned  among  the  different  coun 
ties  according  to  the  number  of  taxable  inhabitants.  The  number  of  senators 
cannot  be  less  than  one  third,  nor  more  than  one  half  of  the  number  of  repre 
sentatives.  The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  at  the 
same  time  with  the  senators  and  representatives ;  and  who  holds  his  office  for 
the  term  of  two  years,  but  is  not  eligible  more  than  six  years  in  any  term  of 
eight.  The  general  assembly  meets  (at  Nashville)  biennially,  on  the  third 
Monday  in  September,  next  following  the  election ;  and  it  may  be  called  to 
gether,  if  necessary,  at  other  times,  by  the  governor* 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  every  freeman  of  the  age  of  21  years, 
possessing  a  freehold  in  the  county  where  he  offers  his  vote,  and  to  every  free 
man  who  has  been  an  inhabitant  of  any  one  county  in  the  state  six  months 
immediately  preceding  the  day  of  election. 

The  judiciary  power  is  vested  in  such  superior  and  inferior  courts,  as  the 
legislature  may,  from  time  to  time,  direct  and  establish.  The  judges  are 
appointed  by  a  joint  ballot  of  both  houses,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good 
behavior. 

The  governor's  salary  is  2,000  dollars. 

This  state  sends  thirteen  representatives  to  congress. 


KENTUCKY. 

KENTUCKY  is  bounded  N.  by  Illinois,  Indiana,  and  Ohio ;  E.  by  Virginia  ; 
S.  by  Tennessee ;  and  W.  by  the  Mississippi.  It  extends  from  lat.  36°  30'  to 
39°  10'  N.  and  from  5°  to  10°  W.  long,  from  Washington.  Length  on  the 
southern  line,  300  miles.  Extent,  39,000  square  miles,  or  24,960,000  acres. 


KENTUCKY. 


127 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Population. 

Towns. 

Pop. 

Dist.  from 
Frankfort. 

Adair                   sm 

8,220 

Columbia 

422 

91 

Allen                      s 

6,486 

Scottsville 

180 

151 

Anderson               m 

4,542 

Lawrenceburg 

320 

12 

Barren               swm 

14,821 

Glasgow 

617 

126 

Bath                     em 

8,799 

(  Owingsville 
^  Sharpsburg 

241 
158 

73 
62 

Boone                    n 

9,012 

Burlington 

276 

72 

t  Paris 

1,219 

43 

Bourbon             nem 

18,434 

<  Millersburg 

470 

50 

(  Middletown 

195 

53 

Bracken                 n 

6,392 

Augusta 

691 

73 

C  Hardinsburg 

316 

118 

Breckenridge      wm 

7,345 

<  Cloverport 

194 

129 

(  Stephenport 

64 

116 

Butler                swm 

3,055 

Morgantown 

76 

141 

Bullitt               nwm 

5,660 

Shepherdsville 
Mt.  Washington 

278 
226 

74 
56 

Caldwell                w 

8,332 

Princeton 
Eddyville 

366 
167 

229 
241 

Callaway             sw 

5,159 

Wadesborough 

163 

262 

Campbell                n 

9,893 

Newport 
Covington 

717 
743 

79 
79 

Casey                    m 

4,342 

Liberty 

118 

66 

Christian              sw 

12,694 

Hopkinsville 

1,263 

206 

Clarke                   m 

13,052 

Winchester 

620 

45 

Clay                      se 

3,549 

Manchester 

159 

115 

Cumberland            s 

8,636 

Burkesville 

340 

119 

Davies                wm 

5,218 

Owensborough 

229 

150 

Edmondson       swm 

2,642 

Brownsville 

125 

138 

Estill                   em 

4,618 

Irvine 

91 

71 

Fayette                 m 

25,174 

(  Lexington 
{  Athens 

6,104 
134 

25 
35 

Fleming                ne 

13,493 

Flemingsburg 

642 

79 

Floyd                     e 

4,266 

Prestonsburg 

81 

142 

Franklin               m 

9,251 

$  Frankfort 
I  South  Frankfort 

1,680 
307 

Gallatin                 n 

6,680 

Port  William- 

324 

57 

Garrard                 m 

11,870 

Lancaster 

570 

52 

Grant                  nm 

2,987 

Williamstown 

197 

44 

Graves                 sw 

2,503 

Mayfield 

44 

284 

Grayson             wm 

3,876 

Litchfield 

166 

110 

Greene                 m 

13,718 

(  Greensburg 
{  Campbellsville 

665 
126 

90 

78 

Greenup               ne 

5,853 

Greenupsburg 

204 

132 

Hancock             wm 

1,494 

Hawsville 

130 

Hardin                wm 

13,148 

Elizabethtown 

601 

80 

Harlan                 se 

2,928 

Harlan  C.  H. 

168 

C  Cynthiana 

977 

38 

Harrison             nm 

13,180 

<  Leesburg 

138 

28 

f  Clay  ville 

48 

50 

Hart                 swm 

5,292 

ji  Munfordsville 
£  Woodsonville 

193 

48 

105  < 
*)k* 

128 


KENTUCKY. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS.—  Continued. 

Counties. 

Population. 

Towns. 

Pop. 

Dist.  from 
Frankfort. 

Henderson              w 

6,649 

Hendersonville 

483 

180 

Henry                  nm 

11,395 

New  Castle 

539 

37 

Hickman              sw 

5,193 

(  Clinton 
I  Columbus 

81 
186 

308 

Hopkins                 w 

6,763 

Madisonville 

112 

200 

C  Louisville 

10,352 

52 

Jefferson            nwm 

24,002 

1  Shippingport 
|  Portland 

607 
398 

54 

L  Williamsville 

70 

Jessamine              m 

9,961 

(  Nicholasville 
I  North  Liberty 

409 
62 

37 

Knox                     se 

4,321 

Barboursville 

139 

122 

Laurel                 sem 

2,182 

Hazle  Patch 
London 

15 

102 

Lawrence               e 

3,897 

Louisa 

87 

127 

Clarksburg 

62 

96 

Lewis                   ne 

5,206 

•   Vanceburg 

93 

99 

Concord 

34 

Lincoln                 m 

11,012 

Stanford 
Crab  Orchard 

363 
234 

51 

61 

Livingston             w 

6,607 

Salem 
Smithland 

254 

388 

245 
260 

Logan                     s 

13,002 

Russellville 

1,358 

171 

McCracken            w 

1,298 

{  Wilmington 
I  Paducah 

12 
105 

282 
279 

Madison                 m 

18,035 

Richmond 

947 

50 

Mason                   n 

16,203 

{  Washington 
I  Maysville 

868 
2,040 

63 

67 

Meade                 wm 

4,111 

Brandenburg 

331 

90 

f  Harrodsburg 

1,051 

30 

Mercer                  m 

17,606 

1  Danville 
1  Perryville 

849 
283 

40 
40 

I  Salvisa 

78 

21 

Monroe                   s 

5,125 

Tompkinsville 

220 

144 

Montgomery         m 

10,221 

£  Mount  Sterling 
(  JefTersonville 

561 
33 

60 

Morgan                em 

2,857 

West  Liberty 

50 

107 

Muhlenberg       stem 

5,341 

Greenville 

217 

177 

C  Bardstown 

1,625 

55 

Nelson               wm 

14,916 

<  Bloomfield 

301 

44 

(  Fairfield 

88 

48 

Nicholas            nem 

8,832 

Carlisle 

430 

58 

Ohio                   wm 

4,913 

Hartford 

242 

154 

f  Westport 

314 

44 

Oldham               nm 

9,563 

1  Bedford 
|  Brownsville 

104 
57 

53 
41 

LLa  Grange 

27 

35 

Owen                  nm 

5,792 

Owenton 
New  Liberty 

143 
161 

28 
36 

Pendleton              n 

3,866 

Falmouth 

207 

60 

Perry                     se 

3,331 

Perry  C.  H. 

148 

Pike                       e 

2,677 

Pikeville 

49 

165 

KENTUCKY. 


129 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS—  Continued. 

Counties. 

Population. 

Towns. 

Pop. 

Dist.  from 
Frankfort. 

Pulaski                  sm 

9,522 

Somerset 

231 

85 

Rockcastle          sem 

2,875 

Mount  Vernon 

142 

73 

Russell                 sm 

3,883 

(  Jamestown 
£  Creelsburg 

67 

37 

109 
110 

Scott                    nm 

14,677 

Georgetown 

1,344 

17 

C  Shelbyville 

1,201 

21 

Shelby                 nm 

19,039 

<  Simpsonville 
(  Christiansburg 

77 
78 

29 
15 

Simpson                  tf 

6,099 

Franklin 

280 

165 

Spencer                 m 

6,815 

Taylorsville 

248 

35 

Todd                       s 

8,801 

Elkton 
Trenton 

382 
178 

186 

200 

Trigg                   sw 

5,889 

Cadiz 
Canton 

168 
146 

226 
235 

Union                    w 

4,435 

Morganfield 

292 

205 

Warren             swm 

10,947 

Bowling-  Green 

815 

145 

1  Springfield 

618 

50 

Lebanon 

384 

59 

Washington           m 

Mackville 

83 

44 

Fredericksburg 

58 

59 

Newmarket 

43 

65 

Wayne                   s 

8,731 

Monticello 

207 

110 

Whitely                 se 

3,807 

<  Whitely  C.  H. 
I  Williamsburg 

50 

130 

Woodford              m 

12,294 

(  Versailles 
)  Mortonsville 

904 
145 

13 
20 

Total 

688,8447  of  whom  165,350  are  slaves. 

The  above  Table  contains  all  the  towns  and  villages  in  Kentucky  of  which  the  population 
is  given  in  the  Census  of  1830.  When  two  or  more  towns  are  given  for  the  same  county, 
the  one  placed  first  is  the  seat  of  justice. 


Population. 

In  1790,  73,677 
1800,  220,959 
1810,  406,511 
1820,  564,317 
1830,  688,844 


Population  at  different  Periods. 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  147,282 

1800       1810,  185,552 

1810      1820,  147,806 

1820       1830,  124,527 


Slaves. 

12,430 

43,344 

80,561 

120,732 

165,350 


The  principal  rivers  of  Kentucky  are  the  Ohio,  which  flows  along  the  state 
637  miles,  following  its  windings;  the  Mississippi,  Tennessee,  Cumberland, 
Kentucky,  Green,  Licking,  Big  Sandy,  Salt,  and  Rolling. 

Cumberland  mountains  form  the  south-east  boundary  of  this  state.  The 
eastern  counties,  bordering  on  Virginia,  are  mountainous  and  broken.  A  tract 
from  5  to  20  miles  wide,  along  the  banks  of  the  Ohio,  is  hilly  and  broken  land, 
interspersed  with  many  fertile  valleys.  Between  this  strip,  Green  river,  and  the 
eastern  counties,  lies  what  has  been  called  the  garden  of  the  state.  This  is  the 
most  populous  part,  and  is  about  150  miles  long,  and  from  50  to  100  wide,  and 
comprises  the  counties  of  Mason,  Fleming,  Montgomery,  Clarke,  Bourbon,  Fay- 
ette,  Scott,  Harrison,  Franklin,  Woodford,  Mercer,  Jessamine,  Madison,  Garrard, 
Casey,  Lincoln,  Washington,  and  Green.  The  surface  of  this  district  is  agree 
ably  undulating,  and  the  soil  black  and  friable,  producing  black  walnut,  black 
cherry,  honey  locust,  buckeye,  pawpaw,  sugar-tree,  mulberry,  elm,  ash,  cotton 

R 


130  KENTUCKY. 

wood,  and  white  thorn.  The  country  between  Green  and  Cumberland  rivers 
is  called  "  the  barrens."  In  1800  the  legislature  of  Kentucky  made  a  gratuitous 
grant  of  this  tract  to  actual  settlers,  under  the  impression  that  it  was  of  little 
value ;  but  it  proves  to  be  excellent  land ;  and  hogs  and  cattle  are  raised  in 
abundance.  The  whole  state,  below  the  mountains,  rests  on  an  immense*  bed 
of  limestone,  usually  about  eight  feet  below  the  surface.  There  are  every 
where  apertures  in  this  limestone,  through  which  the  waters  of  the  rivers  sink 
into  the  earth.  The  large  rivers  of  Kentucky,  for  this  reason,  are  more  dimin 
ished  during  the  dry  season,  than  those  of  any  part  of  the  United  States,  and 
the  small  streams  entirely  disappear.  The  banks  of  the  rivers  are  natural 
curiosities ;  the  rivers  having  generally  worn  very  deep  channels  in  the  calca 
reous  rocks  over  which  they  flow.  The  precipices  formed  by  Kentucky  river 
are  in  many  places  awfully  sublime,  presenting  perpendicular  banks  of  300  feet 
of  solid  limestone,  surmounted  with  a  steep  and  difficult  ascent,  four  times  as 
high.  In  the  south-west  part  of  the  state,  between  Green  river  and  the  Cumber 
land,  there  are  several  wonderful  caves. 

The  principal  productions  of  Kentucky  are  hemp,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  Indian 
corn.  Salt  springs  are  numerous,  and  supply  not  only  this  state,  but  a  great 
part  of  Ohio  and  Tennessee,  with  this  mineral.  The  principal  manufactures 
are  cloth,  spirits,  cordage,  salt,  and  maple  sugar.  Hemp,  tobacco,  and  wheat 
are  the  principal  exports.  These  are  carried  down  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  to 
New  Orleans,  and  foreign  goods  received  from  the  same  place  in  return.-  Louis 
ville,  on  the  Ohio,  is  the  centre  of  this  trade.  The  introduction  of  steamboat 
navigation  on  the  Ohio  has  been  of  incalculable  benefit  to  the  commercial  and 
manufacturing  interests  of  Kentucky. 

There  is  a  tract  of  country  in  the  south-western  part  of  the  state,  east  and 
north  of  Cumberland  river,  and  watered  by  Green  and  Barren  rivers,  about  100 
miles  in  extent,  called  the  barrens,  which,  a  few  years  since,  was  a  beautiful 
prairie,  destitute  of  timber.  It  is  now  covered  with  a  young  growth  of  various 
kinds  of  trees.  These,  however,  do  not  prevent  the  growth  of  grass,  and  an 
almost  endless  variety  of  plants,  which  are  in  bloom  during  the  whole  of  the 
spring  and  summer ;  when  the  whole  region  is  a  wilderness  of  the  most  beau 
tiful  flowers.  The  soil  is  of  an  excellent  quality,  being  a  mixture  of  clay,  loam, 
and  sand.  Through  this  country  there  runs  a  chain  of  conical  hills,  called  knobs. 

Horses  are  raised  in  great  numbers,  and  of  the  noblest  kinds.  A  handsome 
horse  is  the  highest  pride  of  a  Kentuckian,  and  common  farmers  own  from  ten 
to  fifty.  Great  numbers  are  carried  over  the  mountains  to  the  Atlantic  states ; 
and  the  principal  supply  of  saddle  and  carriage  horses  in  the  lower  country  is 
drawn  from  Kentucky,  or  the  other  western  states.  The  horses  are  carried 
down  in  flat  boats.  Great  droves  of  cattle  are  also  driven  from  this  state,  over 
the  mountains,  to  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania. 

In  1828  the  value  of  the  cattle,  horses,  and  swine,  driven  out  of  the  state, 
numbered  and  valued  at  one  point  of  passage,  the  Cumberland  ford,  was  a 
million  dollars.  The  returns  of  the  value  of  exports,  agricultural  and  manu*- 
factured,  in  1829,  wanted  a  number  of  counties  of  comprising  the  whole  state  ; 
but  this  partial  return  gave  2,780,000  dollars. 
Mammoth  For  a  very  interesting  account  of  this  stupendous  wonder,  we  are 

cave.  indebted  to  Dr.  Nathan  Ward,  who  published  it  in  the  MONTHLY 
MAGAZINE,  of  October,  1816.  It  is  situated  in  Warren  county,  and  in  a  terri 
tory  not  mountainous,  but  broken,  differing  in  this  respect  from  all  the  other 
caverns  hitherto  known.  The  doctor,  provided  with  guides,  two  large  lamps,  a 
compass,  and  refreshments,  descended  a  pit  forty  feet  deep,  and  one  hundred 
and  twenty  in  circumference ;  having  a  spring  of  fine  water  at  the  bottom,  and 
conducting  to  the  entrance  of  the  cavern.  The  opening,  which  is  to  the  north, 
is  from  forty  to  fifty  feet  high,  and  about  thirty  in  width.  It  narrows  shortly 
utter,  but  again  expands  to  a  width  of  thirty  or  forty  feet,  and  a  height  of 


KENTUCKY.  131 

twenty,  continuing  these  dimensions  for  about  a  mile  to  the  first  hoppers,* 
where  a  manufactory  of  saltpetre  has  recently  been  established.  Thence  to 
the  second  of  these  hoppers,  two  miles  from  the  entrance,  it  is  forty  feet  in 
width,  and  sixty  in  height.  Throughout  nearly  the  whole  of  the  distance  hand 
some  walls  have  been  made  by  the  manufacturers,  of  the  loose  stones.  The 
road  is  hard,  arid  as  smooth  as  a  flag  pavement.  In  every  passage  which  the 
doctor  traversed,  the  sides  of  the  cavern  were  perpendicular,  and  the  arches, 
which  have  bid  defiance  even  to  earthquakes,  are  regular.  In  1802,  when  the 
heavy  shocks  of  earthquakes  came  on,  which  were  so  severely  felt  in  this  part 
of  Kentucky,  the  workmen  stationed  at  the  second  hoppers,  heard,  about  five 
minutes  before  each  shock,  a  heavy  rumbling  noise  issue  from  the  cave,  like  a 
strong  wind.  When  that  ceased,  the  rocks  cracked,  and  the  whole  appeared  to 
be  going  in  this  moment  to  final  destruction.  However,  none  was  injured,  al 
though  large  portions  of  rock  fell  in  different  parts  of  the  cavern. 

In  advancing  into  the  cavern,  the  avenue  leads  from  the  second  hoppers, 
west,  one  mile ;  and  thence,  south-west,  to  the  chief  area  or  city,  which  is  six 
miles  from  the  entrance.  This  avenue,  throughout  its  whole  extent  from  the 
above  station  to  the  cross-roads,  or  chief  area,  is  from  sixty  to  one  hundred  feet 
in  height,  of  a  similar  width,  and  nearly  on  a  level,  the  floor  or  bottom  being 
covered  with  loose  lime-stone,  and  saltpetre  earth.  When,  observes  the  doctor, 
I  reached  this  immense  area,  (called  the  chief  city,)  which  contains  more  than 
eighty  acres,  without  a  single  pillar  to  support  the  arch,  which  is  entire  over  the 
whole,  I  was  struck  dumb  with  astonishment.  Nothing  can  be  more  sublime 
and  grand  than  this  place,  of  which  but  a  faint  idea  can  be  conveyed,  covered 
with  one  solid  arch  at  least  one  hundred  feet  high,  and  to  all  appearance  entire. 

Having  entered  the  area,  the  doctor  perceived  five  large  avenues  leading  from 
it,  from  sixty  to  one  hundred  feet  in  width,  and  about  forty  in  height.  The 
stone  walls  are  arched,  and  are  from  forty  to  eighty  feet  perpendicular  in  height 
before  the  commencement  of  the  arch. 

In  exploring  these  avenues,  the  precaution  was  taken  to  cut  arrows  pointing 
to  the  mouth  of  the  cave,  on  the  stone  beneath  the  feet,  to  prevent  any  difficulty 
in  the  return.  The  first  which  was  traversed,  took  a  southerly  direction  for 
more  than  two  miles ;  when  a  second  was  taken,  which  led  first  east,  and  then 
north,  for  more  than  two  further.  These  windings  at  length  brought  the  party, 
by  another  avenue,  to  the  chief  city  again,  after  having  traversed  different 
avenues  for  more  than  five  miles.  Having  reposed  for  a  few  moments  on  the 
slabs  of  lime-stone  near  the  centre  of  this  gloomy  area,  and  refreshed  them 
selves  and  trimmed  their  lamps,  they  departed  a  second  time,  through  an  avenue 
almost  north,  parallel  with  the  one  leading  from  the  chief  city  to  the  mouth  of 
the  cavern ;  and,  having  proceeded  more  than  two  miles,  came  to  a  second  city. 
This  is  covered  with  a  single  arch,  nearly  two  hundred  feet  high  in  the  centre, 
and  is  very  similar  to  the  chief  city,  except  in  the  number  of  its  avenues  which 
are  two  only.  They  crossed  it  over  a  very  considerable  rise  in  the  centre,  and 
descended  through  an  avenue  which  bore  to  the  east,  to  the  distance  of  nearly 
a  mile,  when  they  came  to  a  third  area,  or  city,  about  one  hundred  feet  square, 
and  fifty  in  height,  which  had  a  pure  and  delightful  stream  of  water  issuing 
from  the  side  of  a  wall  about  thirty  feet  high,  and  which  fell  on  a  broken  sur 
face  of  stone,  and  was  afterwards  entirely  lost  to  view. 

Having  passed  a  few  yards  beyond  this  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  so  as  to 
reach  the  end  of  the  avenue,  the  party  returned  about  five  hundred  yards,  and 
passing  over  a  considerable  mass  of  stone,  entered  another,  but  smaller  avenue 
to  the  right,  which  carried  them  south  through  a  third,  of  an  uncommonly  black 
hue,  rather  more  than  a  mile ;  when  they  ascended  a  very  steep  hill  about  sixty 
yards,  which  conducted  them  to  within  the  walls  of  the  fourth  city.  It  is  not 

*  A  hopper  is  an  inverted  cone,  into  which  grain  is  put  at  a  mill,  before  it  runs  between 
the  stones. 


132  KENTUCKY. 

inferior  to  the  second,  having  an  arch  which  covers  at  least  six  acres.  In  this 
last  avenue,  the  extremity  of  which  cannot  be  less  than  four  miles  from  the 
chief  city,  and  ten  from  the  mouth  of  the  cavern,  are  more  than  twenty  large 
piles  of  saltpetre  earth  on  the  one  side,  and  broken  lime-stone  heaped  on  the 
other,  evidently  the  work  of  human  hands. 

From  the  course  of  his  needle,  the  doctor  expected  that  this  avenue  would 
have  led  circuitously  to  the  chief  city,  but  was  much  disappointed  when  he 
reached  the  extremity,  at  a  few  hundred  yards'  distance  from  the  fourth  city. 
In  retracing  his  steps,  not  having  paid  a  due  attention  to  mark  the  entrances  oi 
the  different  avenues,  he  was  greatly  bewildered,  and  once  completely  lost  him 
self  for  nearly  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes.  „  Thus,  faint  and  wearied,  he  did  not 
reach  the  chief  area  till  ten  at  night ;  but  was  still  determined  to  explore  the 
cavern  as  long  as  his  light  should  last.  Having  entered  the  fifth  and  last  avenue 
from  the  chief  area,  and  proceeded  south-east  about  nine  hundred  yards,  he 
came  to  the  fifth  area,  the  arch  of  which  covers  more  than  four  acres  of  level 
ground,  strewed  with  lime-stone,  and  having  fire-beds  of  uncommon  size,  sur 
rounded  with  brands  of  cane,  interspersed.  Another  avenue  on  the  opposite 
side,  led  to  one  of  still  greater  capacity,  the  walls  or  sides  of  which  were  more 
perfect  than  any  that  had  been  noticed,  running  almost  due  south  for  nearly  a 
mile  and  a  half,  and  being  very  level  and  straight,  with  an  elegant  arch.  While 
the  doctor  was  employed  at  the  extremity  of  this  avenue,  in  sketching  a  plan 
of  the  cave,  one  of  his  guides,  who  had  strayed  to  a  distance,  called  on  him  to 
follow.  Leaving  the  other  guide,  he  was  led  to  a  vertical  passage,  which  opened 
into  a  chamber  at  least  1800  feet  in  circumference,  and  the  centre  of  the  arch 
of  which  was  150  feet  in  height. 

It  was  past  midnight  when  he  entered  this  chamber  of  eternal  darkness ;  and 
when  he  reflected  on  the  different  avenues  through  which  he  had  passed  since 
he  had  penetrated  the  cave  at  eight  in  the  morning,  and  now  found  himself 
buried  several  miles  in  the  dark  recesses  of  this  awful  cavern — the  grave  per 
haps  of  thousands  of  human  beings — he  felt  a  shivering  horror.  The  avenue, 
or  passage  which  led  from  it,  was  as  large  as  any  he  had  entered ;  and  it  is 
uncertain  how  far  he  might  have  travelled  had  not  his  light  failed  him.  All 
those  who  have  any  knowledge  of  this  cave,  he  observes,  conjecture  that  Green 
river,  a  stream  navigable  several  hundred  miles,  passes  over  three  of  its  branches. 

After  a  lapse  of  nearly  an  hour,  he  descended  by  what  is  called  the  "  passage 
of  the  chimney,"  and  joined  the  other  guide.  Thence  returning  to  the  chief 
area  or  city,  where  the  lamps  were  trimmed  for  the  last  time,  he  entered  the 
spacious  avenue  which  led  to  the  second  hoppers.  Here  he  found  various  curi 
osities,  such  as  spars,  petrifactions,  &c. ;  and  these  he  brought  away,  together 
with  a  mummy,  which  was  found  at  the  second  hoppers.  He  reached  the  mouth 
of  the  cave  about  three  in  the  morning,  almost  exhausted  with  nineteen  hours 
of  constant  fatigue.  He  nearly  fainted  on  leaving  it,  and  on  inhaling  the  vapid 
air  of  the  atmosphere,  after  having  so  long  breathed  the  pure  air,  occasioned 
by  the  nitre  of  the  cave ;  his  pulse  beat  stronger  when  within,  but  not  so  quick 
as  when  on  the  surface. 

Here  the  doctor  observes,  that  he  has  hardly  described  half  the  cave>  not 
having  named  the  avenues  between  the  mouth  and  the  second  hoppers.  This 
part  of  his  narrative  is  of  equal  interest  with  what  has  been  already  given.  He 
states  that  there  is  a  passage  in  the  main  avenue,  more  thari  nine  hundred  feet 
from  the  entrance,  like  that  of  a  trap-door ;  by  sliding  aside  a  large  flat  stone, 
you  can  descend  sixteen  or  eighteen  feet  in  a  very  narrow  defile,  where  the 
passage  comes  on  a  level,  and  winds  about  in  such  a  manner,  as  to  pass  under 
the  main  passage  without  having  any  communication  with  it,  at  length  opening 
into  the  main  cave  by  two  large  passages  just  beyond  the  second  hoppers.  This 
Is  called  the  "  glauber-salt  room,"  the  bat  room,  and  the  flint  room,  together 
with  a  winding  avenue,  which,  branching  off  at  the  second  hoppers,  runs  west 


KENTUCKY.  133 

and  south-east  for  more  than  two  miles.  It  is  called  tho  "  haunted  chamber," 
from  the  echo  within ;  its  arch  is  very  beautifully  incrusted  with  lime-stone 
spar ;  and  in  many  places  the  columns  of  spar  are  truly  elegant,  extending  from 
the  ceiling  to  the  floor.  Near  the  centre  of  this  arch  is  a  dome,  apparently  fifty 
feet  high,  hung  in  rich  drapery,  festooned  in  the  most  fanciful  manner,  for  six 
or  eight  feet  from  the  hangings,  and  in  colors  the  most  rich  and  brilliant.  By 
the  reflections  of  one  or  two  lights,  the  columns  of  spar  and  the  stalactites  have 
a  very  romantic  appearance.  Of  this  spar  a  large  cellar,  called  "  Wilkins'  arm 
chair,"  has  been  formed  in  the  centre  of  the  avenue,  and  encircled  with  many 
smaller  ones.  The  columns  of  spar,  fluted  and  studded  with  knobs  of  spar 
and  stalactites ;  the  drapery  of  various  colors  superbly  festooned,  and  hung  in 
the  most  graceful  manner ;  these  are  shown  with  the  greatest  brilliancy  by  the 
reflection  of  the  lamps. 

In  the  vicinity  of  the  "  haunted  chamber"  the  sound  of  a  cataract  was  heard ; 
and  at  the  extremity  of  the  avenue  was  a  reservoir  of  water,  very  clear,  and 
grateful  to  the  taste,  apparently  having  neither  inlet  nor  outlet.  Here  the  air, 
as  in  many  other  parts  of  the  cave,  was  pure  and  delightful.  Not  far  from  the 
reservoir,  an  avenue  presented  itself,  within  which  were  several  columns  of  the 
most  brilliant  spar,  sixty  or  seventy  feet  in  height,  and  almost  perpendicular, 
standing  in  basins  of  water ;  which,  as  well  as  the  columns,  the  doctor  observes, 
surpasses  in  splendor  and  beauty,  every  similar  work  of  art  he  had  ever  seen. 

Returning  by  a  beautiful  pool  of  water,  the  doctor  came  to  the  second  hop 
pers,  where  he  had  found  the  mummy  before  alluded  to.  It  had  been  removed 
from  another  cave,  for  preservation,  and  was  presented  to  him  by  his  friend, 
Mr.  Wilkins,  together  with  the  apparel,  jewels,  music,  &c.  with  which  it  was 
accompanied.  It  has  since  been  placed  in  the  Washington  Museum,  the  pro 
prietor  of  which  thinks  it  probable  that  this  mummy  is  as  ancient  as  the  immense 
mounds  of  the  western  country,  which  have  so  much  astonished  the  world. 

The  state  penitentiary,  at  Frankfort,  contained,  in  September,  1830,   Penitenti 
101  convicts.    This  institution  was  formerly  an  expense  to  the  state ;  arye  anThos- 
but  since  1825,  under  the  management  of  its  present  keeper  (Mr.  Joel     pltals- 
Scott),  it  has  more  than  supported  itself.    At  Lexington  there  is  a  Lunatic  Asy 
lum  ;  at  Danville,  an  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb ;  at  Louisville  and  Smith- 
land,  on  the  Ohio,  hospitals  for  sick  and  disabled  boatmen. 

A  canal  about  two  miles  long,  around  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  at  Louis- 
ville,  was  finished  in  1831,  and  during  104  days,  before  it  was  closed 
by  the  ice,  827  boats,  of  76,000  tons,  passed  through,  of  which  406  were  steam 
boats.     A  rail-road  is  in  progress  from  Lexington  to  the  Ohio. 

The  Bank  of  the  United  States  has  offices  of  discount  and  deposit 

_  T  banks- 

at  Lexington  and  Louisville. 

There  are  two  banks  chartered  by  the  state,  namely,  the  Bank  of  Kentucky 
and  the  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Kentucky,  at  Frankfort,  formerly  hav 
ing  branches  in  other  places ;  but  they  have  withdrawn  all  their  branches,  and 
are  now  winding  up  their  accounts.  The  state  owns  a  part  of  the  stock  of  the 
former  of  the  two  banks,  and  the  whole  of  that  of  the  latter. 

Transylvania  University,  in  Lexington,  is  the  oldest  and  most  cele-  Education 
brated  institution  in  the  western  states,  and  has  medical  and  law 
schools  connected  with  it.     Centre  College  is  established  at  Danville ;  Augusta 
College,  at  Augusta;  Cumberland  College,  at  Princeton  ;  and  St.  Joseph's  Col- 
lege,  a  respectable  Catholic  seminary,  at  Bairdstown. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1831  was  25. 

The  Baptists  in  this  state  have  25  associations,  442  churches,  289  Re].  ioug 
ministers,  and  37,520  communicants ;  the  Methodists,  77  preachers,  denomina- 
and  23,935  members ;  the  Presbyterians,  103  churches,  61  ministers, 
9  licentiates,  and  7,832  communicants  ;  the  Roman  Catholics,  about  30  priests , 


134  KENTUCKY. 

the  Episcopalians,  5  ministers ;  the  Cumberland  Presbyterians  are  also  numer 
ous  in  Kentucky. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  of  this  state  was  begun  on  Ken 
tucky  river,  in  1775,  by  the  famous  Daniel  Boone,  a  native  of  Mary 
land.  It  formed  a  part  of  Virginia  till  1790 ;  and  in  1792,  it  was  erected  into 
an  independent  state. 

On  the  separation  of  Kentucky  from  Virginia,  in  1790.  a  constitu- 

Constitution  .  ,  "      ,      ,  .   ,  J,  .      ,.  S>     __!rt~        , 

and  govern-  tion  was  adopted  which  continued  m  lorce  till  1799,  when  a  new  one; 

ment.  was  forme(j  instead  of  it ;  and  this  is  now  in  force.  The  legislative 
power  is  vested  in  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  which  together  are 
styled  The  General  Assembly  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Kentucky.  The  repre 
sentatives  are  elected  annually,  and  are  apportioned,  every  four  years,  among 
the  different  counties  according  to  the  number  of  electors.  Their  present  num 
ber  is  100,  which  is  the  highest  number  that  the  constitution  authorizes ;  58 
being  the  lowest.  The  senators  are  elected  for  four  years,  one  quarter  of  them 
being  chosen  annually.  Their  present  number  is  38 ;  and  they  cannot  exceed 
this  number,  nor  fall  short  of  24.  The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor, 
who  is  elected  for  four  years,  and  is  ineligible  for  the  succeeding  seven  years 
after  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office.  At  the  election  of  governor,  a  lieu 
tenant-governor  is  also  chosen,  who  is  speaker  of  the  senate,  and  on  whom  the 
duties  of  the  governor  devolve,  in  case  of  his  absence  or  removal.  The  repre 
sentatives  and  one  quarter  of  the  members  of  the  seriate  are  elected  annually  by 
the  people,  on  the  first  Monday  in  August ;  the  governor  is  elected  by  the  peo 
ple,  every  fourth  year,  at  the  same  time ;  and  he  commences  the  execution  of 
his  office  on  the  fourth  Tuesday  succeeding  the  day  of  the  commencement  of  the 
election  at  which  he  is  chosen.  The  polls  are  kept  open  three  days ;  and  the 
votes  are  given  openly,  or  viva  voce,  and  not  by  ballot.  The  general  assembly 
meets  (at  Frankfort)  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  November.  The  consti 
tution  grants  the  right  of  suffrage  to  every  free  male  citizen  (people  of  color 
excepted),  who  has  attained  the  age  of  21  years,  and  has  resided  in  the  state 
two  years,  or  in  the  county  where  he  offers  his  vote,  one  year,  next  preceding 
the  election.  The  judiciary  power  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court,  styled  the 
court  of  appeals,  and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  general  assembly  may,  from 
time  to  time,  erect  and  establish.  The  judges  of  the  different  courts,  and  jus 
tices  of  the  peace,  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior. 

The  salary  of  the  governor  is  2,000  dollars. 

This  state  sends  1 3  representatives  to  congress. 


OHIO. 

LENGTH  210  miles;  mean  breadth,  200  miles:  containing  40,000  square 
miles,  and  25,000,000  acres.  Between  38°  30'  and  41°  19'  N.  latitude ;  and 
between  3°  31'  and  7°  41'  W.  from  Washington.  Bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
territory  of  Michigan,  and  Lake  Erie ;  E.  by  Pennsylvania ;  S.  E.  by  Virginia, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Ohio ;  S.  by  the  Ohio,  which  separates  it 
from  Virginia  and  Kentucky;  and  W.  by  Indiana. 


OHIO. 


135 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1830. 

Sq.  M. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Dist   from 
Columbus. 

Adams                         s 

12,278 

550 

West  Union 

429 

101 

Allen                      wm 

578 

542 

Wapaghkonetta 

110 

Ashtabula                 m 

14,584 

705 

Jefferson 

270 

191 

Athens                       se 

9,763 

744 

Athens 

729 

73 

Belmont                      e 

28,412 

536 

St.  Clairsville 

789 

124 

Brown                        s 

17,867 

492 

Georgetown 

325 

104 

Butler                       sw 

27,044 

486 

Hamilton 

1,097 

101 

Champaign              wm 

12,130 

417 

Urbana 

1,102 

50 

Clark                     swm 

13,074 

412 

Springfield 

1,080 

43 

Clermont                  sw 

20,466 

515 

Batavia 

426 

109 

Clinton                     sm 

11,292 

400 

Wilmington 

607 

67 

Columbiana                 e 

35,508 

865 

New  Lisbon 

1,138 

152 

Coschocton               em 

11,162 

562 

Coshocton 

333 

84 

Crawford                 Urn 

4,778 

584 

Bucyrus 

298 

69 

Cuyahoga                 ne 

10,360 

475 

Cleaveland 

1,076 

138 

Dark                          w 

6,203 

660 

Greenville 

160 

103 

Delaware                   m 

11,523 

610 

Delaware 

532 

23 

Fairfield                     m 

24,788 

540 

Lancaster 

1,530 

28 

Fayette                     sm 

8,180 

415 

Washington 

300 

45 

Franklin                    m 

14,766 

520 

COLUMBUS 

2,437 

Gallia                          s 

9,733 

495 

Gallipolis 

755 

108 

Geauga                     ne 

15,813 

600 

Chardon,  township 

881 

157 

Green                    swm 

15,084 

416 

Xenia 

919 

57 

Guernsey                 em 

18,036 

621 

Cambridge 

518 

83 

Hardin                    wm 

500 

Hardy 

66 

Hamilton                  sw 

52,321 

,     400 

Cincinnati 

24,831 

112 

Hancock                nwm 

813 

575 

Findlay 

52 

114 

Harrison                     e 

20,920 

450 

Cadiz 

820 

124 

Henry                     nw 

260 

474 

Damascus 

161 

Highland                  sm 

16,347 

555 

Hillsborough 

564 

74 

Hocking                  sm 

4,008 

432 

Logan 

97 

47 

Holmes                      m 

9,133 

400 

Millersburg 

319 

80 

Huron                        n 

13,345 

840 

Norwalk 

310 

113 

Jackson                      s 

5,974 

492 

Jackson 

329 

74 

Jefferson                      e 

22,489 

400 

Steubenville 

2,937 

149 

Knox                        m 

17,124 

610 

Mount  Vernon 

1,021 

45 

Lawrence                   s 

5,366 

426 

Burlington 

149 

135 

Licking                      m 

20,864 

666 

Newark 

999 

34 

Lorain                        n 

5,696 

555 

Elyria 

668 

130 

Logan                     wm 

6,442 

425 

Belle  Fontaine 

266 

62 

Madison-                    m 

6,190 

448 

London 

249 

27 

Marion                       m 

6,558 

527 

Marion       " 

287 

47 

Medina                   nem 

7,560 

473 

Medina,  township 

622 

111 

Meigs                        se 

6,159 

405 

Chester 

164 

94 

Mercer                       w 

1,110 

570 

St.  Mary's 

92 

111 

Miami                     wm 

12,806 

444 

Troy 

504 

78 

Monroe                     se 

8,770 

563 

Woedsfield 

157 

140 

Montgomery           wm 

24,252 

450 

Dayton 

2,965 

66 

Morgan                     se 

11,796 

500 

McConnelsvilte 

267 

70 

Muskingum                m 

29,325 

664 

Zanesville 

3,094 

59 

Paulding                  nw 

160 

432 

Perry                        sm 

14,018 

402 

Somerset 

576 

46 

136 


OHIO. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.—  Continued. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1830. 

Sq.  M. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Dist.  from 
Columbus. 

Pickaway                   in 

15,935 

495 

Circleville 

1,136 

26 

Pike                              s 

6,024 

414 

Piketon 

271 

65 

Portage                      ne 

18,827 

752 

Ravenna*  township 

806 

127 

Preble                          w 

16,255 

432 

Eaton 

511 

92 

Putnam                     nw 

230 

576 

Sugar  Grove 

148 

Richland                  nm 

24,007 

900 

Mansfield 

840 

71 

Ross                          sm 

24,053 

672 

Chillicothe 

2,846 

45 

Sandusky                    n 

2,851 

656 

Lower  Sandusky 

351 

103 

Scioto                          s 

8,730 

581 

Portsmouth 

1,064 

91 

Seneca                      nm 

5,148 

546 

Tiffin 

248 

85 

Shelby                     wm 

3,671 

418 

Sydney 

240 

.86 

Stark                         em 

26,784 

780 

Canton 

1,257 

116 

Trumbull                    ne 

26,154 

875 

Warren 

510 

157 

Tuscarawas              em 

14,298 

654 

New  Philadelphia 

410 

107 

Union                        em 

3,192 

430 

Marysville 

142 

37 

Van  Wert                 nw 

49 

432 

Willshire 

146 

Warren                  swm 

21,493 

400 

Lebanon 

1,157 

83 

Washington               se 

11,731 

670 

Marietta 

1,207 

106 

Wayne                     nm 

23,344 

660 

Wooster 

977 

86 

Williams                   mv 

377 

600 

Defiance 

52 

175 

Wood                       mv 

1,095 

744 

Perrysburg 

182 

135 

Total 

937,679 

40,150 

Population  at  different  Periods. 

Population. 

In  1790,  about  3,000 

1800,          45,365       Increase  from  1790  to  1800,         43,365 

1810,        230,760  1800       1810,       195,395 

1820,        581,434  1810      1820,       350,674 

1830,        937,637  1820      1830,       356,203 

The  rivers  which  flow  into  Lake  Erie  on  the  north,  are  Maumee,  Sandusky, 
Huron,  Vermilion,  Black,  Cuyahoga,  Grand,  and  Ashtabula ;  those  in  the 
south  flowing  into  the  Ohio,  are  the  Muskingum,  Hockhocking,  Little  and 
Great  Miami.  The  Au-Glaize  and  St.  Mary's  in  the  western  part  of  the  state, 
are  branches  of  the  Maumee. 

The  interior  and  northern  parts  of  the  country,  bordering  on  Lake  Erie,  are 
generally  level,  and  in  some  places  marshy.  Nearly  one-third  of  the  eastern  and 
south-eastern  part  is  very  hilly  and  broken.  The  hills  are  exceedingly  numer 
ous,  but  they  seldom  rise  into  considerable  mountains.  Immediately  upon  the 
banks  of  the  Ohio,  and  several  of  its  tributaries,  are  numerous  tracts  of  interval 
or  meadow  land,  of  great  fertility.  In  the  interior,  on  both  sides  of  the  Scioto, 
and  on  the  Great  and  Little  Miami,  are  perhaps  the  most  extensive  bodies  of 
level  and  rich  land  in  the  state.  In  many  parts  there  are  large  prairies,  par 
ticularly  on  the  head  waters  of  the  Muskingum  and  Scioto,  and  between  the 
Scioto  and  the  two  Miamis.  Some  of  these  prairies  are  low  and  marshy,  pro 
ducing  large  quantities  of  coarse  grass,  from  2  to  5  feet  high ;  some  of  which 
is  of  a  tolerably  good  quality  :  other  prairies  are  elevated,  and  are  frequently 
called  barrens ;  not  always  on  account  of  their  sterility,  for  they  are  often  fer 
tile.  The  most  elevated  tracts  of  country  between  the  rivers,  are  the  wettest 
and  most  marshy  in  the  state ;  and  the  driest  land  is  that  which  borders  on  the 
various  strearhs  of  water.  Among  the  forest  trees,  are  oak  of  various  species, 
maple,  hickory,  beach,  birch,  poplar,  sycamore,  ash,  pawpaw,  buck-eye, 
cherry,  &c. 


OHIO. 


137 


Wheat  is  the  staple  of  the  state.  Other  sorts  of  grain,  various  kinds  of  fruit, 
grass,  hemp,  and  flax,  are  extensively  cultivated.  From  70  to  100  bushels  of 
Indian  corn,  it  is  said,  have,  in  many  instances,  been  produced  in  a  year 
from  one  acre. 

Coal  is  found  in  great  quantities  in  the  eastern  parts. 
Iron  ore  has  been  discovered  and  wrought  pretty  ex 
tensively  in  several  places,  particularly  on  the  south 
of  Licking  river,  4  miles  west  of  Zanesville,  on  Brush 
creek,  and  in  some  other  places.  Salt  springs  are  found 
on  some  of  the  eastern  waters  of  Muskingum,  and  on 
Salt  creek,  28  miles  south-east  of  Chillicothe,  where  there 
are  considerable  salt  works. 

The  summers  are  warm  and  pretty  regular,  though 
somewhat  subject  to  tornadoes.  Spring  and  autumn  are 
very  pleasant ;  and  the  winters  generally  mild.  In  some 
parts  near  the  marshes  and  stagnant  waters,  the  inhab 
itants  are  subject  to  the  fever  and  ague ;  but  the  climate, 
generally,  is  accounted  remarkably  healthy. 

Ohio  takes  the  lead  among  the  western  states  with 
regard  to  manufactures.  Some  of  the  most  important 
manufacturing  towns  are  Cincinnati,  Zanesville,  Steu- 
benville,  and  Chillicothe. 

The  building  of  ships  has  been  commenced  in  this  state* 
for  the  purpose  of  carrying  its  produce  to  market.  These 
are  laden  at  spring-flood,  and  descend  the  rivers  in  per 
fect  safety  to  the  Atlantic,  whence  they  proceed  to  the 
West  Indies,  or  other  parts,  where  they  are  disposed  of, 
both  vessel  and  cargo.  The  first  ships  built  here  were 
in  1802,  at  Marietta.  Their  frames  were  almost  wholly 
of  black  walnut,  which  is  said  to  be  as  durable  as  the 
live-oak.  All  the  materials  for  ship-building  abound  in 
this  country. 

The  exports  from  this  state  consist  of  flour,  corn, 
hemp,  flax,  beef,  pork,  smoked  hams  of  venison, 
whisky,  peach-brandy,  and  lumber. 

More  than  half  of  the  exports  go  to  New  Orleans  ;  but 
much  is  sent  to  New  York  and  other  Atlantic  cities. 

The  Ohio  Canal  forms  a  communication  between  the 
river  Ohio,  at  Portsmouth,  and  lake  Erie,  at  Cleaveland, 
320  miles  in  length. 

The  Miami  Canal,  which  is  completed  from  Cincin 
nati  to  Dayton,  65  miles,  has  22  locks,  and  cost 
8746,000,  about  811,000  a  mile.  It  extends  through 
the  richest  portion  of  the  state,  and  is  the  channel  of  an 
extensive  trade. 

The  Bank  of  the  United  States  has  an  office  of  dis 
count  and  deposit  at  Cincinnati ;  and  under  the  authority 
of  the  state  are  the  following  banks,  namely,  the  banks 
of  Chillicothe,  Marietta,  St.  Clairsville,  Steubenville, 
Mount  Pleasant,  and  Canton  ;  Franklin  Bank  of  Colum 
bus,  at  Columbus  ;  Lancaster  Ohio  Bank,  at  Lancaster  ; 
Urbana  Banking  Company,  at  Urbana ;  Bank  of  Scioto, 
at  Portsmouth  ;  and  Western  Reserve  Bank,  at  Warren. 

The   principal   literary  seminaries   in  this  Education 
state  are  the  University  of  Ohio,  at  Athens ; 
Miami    University,  at  Oxford;    Western  Reserve  Col- 

S 


Lake  Erie 
Cleaveland 


Cuyakoga  R> 

i  rfkron 

1  Clinton 
Kendall 

Bethlehem. 

Zoar 
Dover 
JV.  PhUa. 

Gnadcnfiulton 


Coskocton 


Newark 


*Deep  Cut 


Circleville 


Chillicotkt 


Piketon 


Portsmouth 
Ohio  Rivtr 


138  OHIO. 

lege,  at  Hudson ;  Kenyon  College,  at  Gambler ;  and  the  Medical  College  of 
Ohio,  at  Cincinnati. 

A  system  of  common  schools  has  been  lately  introduced  by  law  into  this 
state.  "  An  act  to  provide  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  common 
schools"  was  passed  by  the  legislature  in  March,  1831,  "  to  take  effect  and  be 
in  force  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May"  following.  This  act  declar.es> 
"  that  a  fund  shall  be  raised  in  the  several  counties  in  the  state  for  the  use  of 
common  schools,  for  the  instruction  of  the  white  youth  of  every  class  and 
grade,  without  distinction,  in  reading,  writing,  and  arithmetic,  and  other 
necessary  branches  of  education; — that  for  this  purpose  there  shall  be  an 
nually  levied  and  assessed  upon  the  ad  valorem  amount  of  the  general  list  of 
taxable  property  in  each  county  of  the  state,  the  property  of  blacks  and  mu- 
lattoes  excepted,  three  fourths  of  a  mill  on  the  dollar ;  that  the  trustees  of  each 
incorporated  township  in  this  state,  where  the  same  has  not  been  already  done, 
shall  lay  off  their  township  into  school  districts  in  a  manner  most  convenient 
for  the  population."  Further  provisions  are  made  for  carrying  the  system 
into  effect. 

Reii  ious       The  Presbyterians  in  this  state  have  346  churebes,  192  ministers,, 
denpmina-  11  licentiates,  and  22,150  communicants;  the  Baptists,  14  associa- 

tions>  tions,  240  churches,  140  ministers,  and  8,801  communicants ;  the 
Methodists,  91  preachers,  and  36,064  members ;  the  Lutherans,  37  ministers,, 
and  8,706  communicants ;  the  Associate  Presbyterians,  65  congregations,  2(> 
ministers,  and  4,225  communicants ;  the  German  Reformed,  82  congregations, 
and  3,750  communicants;  the  Episcopalians,  16  ministers;  the  New  Jerusa 
lem  Church,  4  societies ;  there  are  also  a  considerable  number  of  Friends  and 
Roman  Catholics,  some  Univerjsalists,  Unitarians,  and  Shakers. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers,  in  1831,  was  estimated  at  150. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  of  Ohio  was  commenced  at  Ma 
rietta,  in  1788 ;  in  17,80,  the  country  was  put  under  a  territorial  go 
vernment,  and  called  the  Western  Territory,  which  name  was  afterwards  al 
tered  to  the  Territory  North-west  of  the  Ohio;  and  in  1802,.k  was  erected 
into  an  independent  state. 

constitu-       Tne  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  at  ChillJcothe,  in,  1802. 
tion  and  go-     The  Legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
vernment.  sentaliveSj  wnich  together  are  styled  The  General  Assembly  of  the 
State  of  Ohio. 

The  representatives  are  elected  annually  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  October  ; 
and  they  are  apportioned  among  the  counties  according  to  the  number  of  white 
male  inhabitants  above  21  years  of  age.  Their  number  cannot  be  less  than. 
36,  nor  more  than  72.  The  senators  are  chosen  biennially,  and  are  appor 
tioned  according  to  the  number  of  white  male  inhabitants  of  21  years  of  age. 
Their  number  cannot  be  less  than  one  third,  nor  more  than  one  half  of  the 
number  of  representatives* 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  by  the  people 
for  two  years,  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  October ;  and  his  term  of  service 
commences  on  the  first  Monday  in  December. 

The  general  assembly  meets  annually  (at  Columbus),  on  the  first  Monday  ia- 
December. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  all  white  male  inhabitants,  above  the  age 
of  21  years,  who  have  resided  in  the  state  one  year  next  preceding  the  elec 
tion,  and  who  have  paid,  or  are  charged  with,  a  state  or  county  tax. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  in  courts  of  common  pleas 
for  each  county,, and  such. other  courts  as  the  legislature  may,  from  time  to 
time,  establish.  The  judges  are  elected  by  a  joint  ballot  of  both  houses  of  tke 
general  assembly  for  the  term  of  7  years. 

This  state  sends.  19  representatives  to  congress.   Governor's  salary,  $1,200*. 


INDIANA, 


130 


INDIANA. 

LENGTH,  250  miles ;  breadth,  150.  Between  87°  47'  and  41°  50'  N.  lat. 
and  7°  45'  and  11°  W.  Ion.  Bounded  north  by  Michigan  Territory  and  lake ; 
east  by  Ohio ;  south  by  Ohio  river ;  and  west  by  Illinois. 


ITABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Indianapolis. 

Allen                             ne 

1,000 

Fort  Wayne 

141 

Bartholomew                 m 

5,480 

Columbus 

41 

Boon                         swm 

622 

Thorntown 

61 

Carroll 

1,614 

Delphi 

88 

Cass 

1,154 

Logansport 

113 

Clark                              s 

10,719 

Charlestown 

105 

Clay                               w 

1,616 

Bowling-  Green 

69 

Clinton 

1,423 

Frankfort 

Crawford                        * 

3,184 

Fredonia 

122 

Daviess                      swm 

4,512 

Washington 

106 

Dearborn                       se 

14,573 

Lawrenceburg 

98 

Decatur                      sem 

5,854 

Greensburg 

55 

Delaware                     em 

2,372 

Muncytown 

59 

Dubois                       swm 

1,774 

Portersville 

124 

Elkhart 

935 

Pulaski 

Fayette                         em 

9,112 

Connersville 

68 

Floyd                            se 

6,363 

New  Albany 

121 

Fountain                        w 

7,644 

Covington 

81 

Franklin                        se 

10,199 

Brookville 

70 

Gibson                          sw 

5,417 

Princeton 

141 

Greene                       swn 

4,253 

Bloomfield 

76 

Hamilton                       m 

1,750 

Noblesville 

22 

Hancock                        m 

1,569 

Greenfield 

21 

Harrison                        se 

10,288 

Corydon 

124 

Hendricks                      m 

3,967 

Danville 

20 

Henry                          em 

6,498 

New  Castle 

49 

Jackson                        sm 

4,894 

Brownstown 

69 

Jefferson                        se 

11,465 

Madison 

85 

Jennings                     sem 

3,950 

Vernon 

64 

Johnson                         m 

4,139 

Franklin 

20 

Knox                              w 

6,557 

Vincennes 

126 

Lawrence                    sm 

9,237 

Bedford 

73 

Madison                         m 

2,442 

Andersontown 

41 

Marion                           m 

7,181 

INDIANAPOLIS 

Martin                          sm 

2,010 

Mount  Pleasant 

121 

Monroe                         sm 

6,578 

Bloomington 

51 

Montgomery               wm 

7,386 

Crawfordsville 

44 

Morgan                          m 

5,579 

Martinsville 

30 

Orange                         sm 

7,909 

Paoli 

94 

Owen                          wm 

4,060 

Spencer 

52 

Parke                             w 

7,534 

Rockville 

68 

Perry                              * 

3,378 

Rome 

143 

Pike                              sw 

2,464 

Petersburg 

119 

Posey                           sw 

6,883 

Mount  Vernon 

187 

Putnam                       wm 

8,195 

Green  Castle 

42 

140 


INDIANA. 


[            TABLE  OF 

THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.—  Continued. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Diet,  from 
Indianapolis. 

Randolph 

e 

3,912 

Winchester 

97 

Ripley 

sem 

3,957 

Versailles 

79 

Rush 

em 

9,918 

Rushville 

40 

St.  Joseph 
Scott 

n 
se 

287 
3,097 

Tarecoopy 
New  Lexington 

89 

Shelby 

m 

6,294 

Shelbyville 

30 

Spencer 

s 

3,187 

Rockport 

167 

Sullivan 

w 

4,696 

Merom 

115 

Switzerland 

s 

7,111 

Vevay 

105 

Tippecanoe 

nwm 

7,167 

Lafayette 

70 

Union 

e 

7,957 

Liberty 

77 

Vanderburgh 

sic 

2,610 

Evansville 

170 

Vermilion 

w 

5,706 

Newport 

86 

Vigo 

w 

5,737 

Terre  Haute 

83 

Wabash 

nwm 

Elk  Heart  Plain 

196 

Warren 

w 

2,854 

Williamsport 

Warwick 

sw 

2,973 

Boonville 

187 

Washington 

sm 

13,072 

Salem 

91 

Wayne 

e 

18,587 

Centerville 

63 

64     Total 

341,582 

Population  at  different  Periods. 

Population.  Slave*. 

In  1800,  5,641  133 

1810,  24,520  Increase  from  1800  to  1810,  18,879  237 

1820,     147,178        1810      1820,  122,658  190 

1830,     341,582        1820      1830,  194,404  0 

This  state  has  had  a  rapid  increase  of  inhabitants ;  yet  the  greatei 
part  of  the  land  within  its  limits  still  belongs  to  the  United  States. 
The  following,  having  the  population  annexed  for  1831,  are  some  of  the  most 
considerable  towns : — New  Albany,  about  2,500  ;  Madison,  about  2,000  ;  Vin- 
cennes,  about  1,800;  Richmond,  about  1,500;  Indianapolis,  about  1,200; 
Salem,  about  1,000. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Ohio,  Wabash,  White  River,  Whitewater,  Tip 
pecanoe,  Illinois,  Plein,  Theakiki,  St.  Joseph's,  and  St.  Mary's. 

There  are  no  mountains  in  Indiana ;  the  country,  however,  is  more  hilly 
than  the  territory  of  Illinois,  particularly  towards  Ohio  river.  A  range  of 
hills,  called  the  Knobs,  extends  from  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  to  the  Wabash,  in  a 
south-west  direction,  which  in  many  places  produces  a  broken  and  uneven  sur 
face.  North  of  these  hills  lie  the  flat  woods,  70  miles  wide.  Bordering  on  all 
the  principal  streams,  except  the  Ohio,  there  are  strips  of  bottom  and  prairie 
land ;  both  together  from  3  to  six  miles  in  width.  Between  the  Wabash  and 
lake  Michigan,  the  country  is  mostly  champaign,  abounding  alternately  with 
wood-lands,  prairies,  lakes,  and  swamps. 

A  range  of  hills  runs  parallel  with  the  Ohio,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Great 
Miami  to  Blue  River,  alternately  approaching  to  within  a  few  rods,  and  re 
ceding  to  the  distance  of  two  miles.  Immediately  below  Blue  River,  the  hillsr 
disappear,  and  there  is  presented  to  view  an  immense  tract  of  level  land,  co 
vered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  timber.  North  of  the  Wabash,  between  Tippe 
canoe  and  Ouitanan,  the  banks  of  the  streams  are  high,  abrupt,  and  broken, 
and  the  land,  except  the  prairies,  is  well  timbered.  Between  the  Plein  and 
Theakiki,  the  country  is  flat,  wet,  and  swampy,  interspersed  with  prairies  of 


INDIANA.  HI 

an  inferior  soil.     The  sources  of  rivers  are  generally  in  swamps  or  lakes,  and 
the  country  around  them  is  low,  and  too  wet  for  cultivation. 

There  are  two  kinds  of  prairies,  the  river  and  the  upland  prairies ;  the 
former  are  bottoms  destitute  of  timber,  and  are  said  to  exhibit  vestiges  of 
former  cultivation ;  the  latter  are  from  30  to  100  feet  more  elevated,  and  are 
far  more  numerous  and  extensive.  Some  of  them  are  not  larger  than  a  com 
mon  field,  while  others  extend  farther  than  the  eye  can  reach.  They  are  usu 
ally  bounded  by  heavily  timbered  forests,  and  not  unfrequently  adorned  with 
copses  of  small  trees.  In  spring  and  summer,  they  are  covered  with  a  luxuri 
ant  growth  of  grass  and  fragrant  flowers,  from  6  to  8  feet  high.  The  soil  of 
these  plains  is  often  as  deep  and  fertile  as  the  best  bottoms.  The  prairies  bor 
dering  on  the  Wabash  are  particularly  rich.  Wells  have  been  dug  in  them 
where  the  vegetable  soil  was  22  feet  deep,  under  which  was  a  stratum  of  fine 
white  sand.  The  ordinary  depth  is  from  2  to  5  feet. 

The  principal  productions  of  this  state  are  wheat,  Indian  corn,  rye,  oats, 
barley,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  pulse,  beef,  pork,  butter,  whiskey,  and  peach 
brandy. 

Not  far  from  Big  Blue  River  there  is  a  large  cave,  the  entrance  of  which  is 
on  the  side  of  a  hill,  that  is  about  400  feet  high.  Here  are  found  great  quanti 
ties  of  sulphate  of  magnesia,  or  Epsom  salt,  and  of  nitre,  &c. 

The  climate  is  generally  healthy  and  pleasant,  resembling  that  of  Ohio. 
The  Wabash  is  frozen  over  in  the  winter,  so  that  it  may  be  safely  crossed  on 
the  ice. 

In  the  southern  part  of  Indiana  there  is  a  remarkable  cave,  which  abounds 
in  Epsom  salts,  and  which  is  thus  described  by  Mr.  Adams. — "  The  hill  in 
which  it  is  situated  is  about  400  feet  high  from  the  base  to  the  most  elevated 
point,  and  the  prospect  to  the  south-east,  in  a  clear  day,  is  exceedingly  fine, 
commanding  an  extensive  view  of  the  hills  and  valleys  bordering  on  Big  Blue 
River.    The  top  of  the  hill  is  covered  principally  with  oak  and  chestnut.    The 
side  to  the  south-east  is  mantled  with  cedar.     The  entrance  is  about  mid-way 
from  the  base  to  the  summit,  and  the  surface  of  the  cave  preserves  in  general 
about  that  elevation ;  although  I  must  acknowledge  this  to  be  conjectural,  as  no 
experiments  have  been  made  with  a  view  to  ascertain  the  fact.    It  is  probably 
owing  to  this  middle  situation  of  the  cave,  that  it  is  much  drier  than  is  common. 
"  After  entering  the  cave  by  an  aperture  12  or  15  feet  wide,  and  in  height, 
in  one  place,  3  or  4  feet,  you  descend  with  easy  and  gradual  steps  into  a  large 
and  spacious  room,  which  continues  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  varying  in 
height  from  8  to  30  feet,  and  in  breadth  from  10  to  20.     In  this  distance  the 
roof  is  in  some  places  arched,  in  others  a  plane,  and  in  one  place  it  resembles 
the  inside  view  of  the  roof  of  a  house.  At  the  distance  above  named,  the  cave 
forks,  but  the  right  hand  fork  soon  terminates,  while  the  left  rises  by  a  flight 
of  rocky  stairs,  nearly  10  feet  high,  into  another  story,  and  pursues  a  course 
at  this  place  nearly  south-east.     Here  the  roof  commences  a  regular  arch,  the 
height  of  which  from  the  floor  varies  from  5  to  8  feet,  and  the  width  of  the 
cave  from  6  to  12  feet,  which  continues  to  what  is  called  the  *  creeping-place,' 
from  the  circumstance  of  having  to  crawl  10  or  12  feet  into  the  next  large 
room.     From  this  place  to  the  pillar,  a  distance  of  about  one  mile  and  a 
quarter,  the  visitor  finds  an  alternate  succession  of  large  and  small  rooms, 
variously  decorated;  sometimes  travelling  on  a  pavement,  or  climbing  over 
huge  piles  of  rocks,  detached  from  the  roof  by  some  convulsion  of  nature. 
The  aspect  of  this  large  and  stately  white  column,  as  it  heaves  in  sight  from 
the  dim  reflection  of  the  torches,  is  grand  and   impressive.     Visitors  have 
seldom  pushed  their  inquiries  further  than  200  or  300  yards  beyond  this  pillar. 
This  column  is  about  15  feet  in  diameter,  from  20  to  30  feet  high,  and  regularly 
reeded  from  the  top  to  the  bottom." 


142  INDIANA. 

A  college  has  been  established  at  Bloomington :  it  has  a  philo- 
'"'  sophical  and  a  chemical  apparatus,  and  a  foundation  has  been  laid 
for  a  respectable  library.     One  36th  part  of  the  public  lands  has  been  appro 
priated  for  the  support  of  schools. 

There  are  20  periodical  papers  published  in  this  state. 

Ren  ious       ^e  Baptists   in  this  state  have  11  associations,  181  churches, 
denomina-  127  ministers,  and  6,513  communicants;  the  Methodists,  34  preach- 

tlons'  ers,  and  13,794  members ;  the  Presbyterians,  about  50  churches  and 
20  ministers. 

Vincennes  was  settled  about  the  beginning  of  the  last  century  by 
'tory'    French  emigrants  from  Canada,  and  long  remained  a  solitary  vil 
lage.     Few  settlements  were  made  in  the  country  by  citizens  of  the  United 
States  till  the  end  of  the  century.     In  1801,  Indiana  was  erected  into  a  terri 
torial  government,  and,  in  1816,  into  a  state.     It  has  been  settled  chiefly  by 
emigrants  from  the  eastern  and  middle  states,  and  has  had  a  rapid  growth, 
constitu-       The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  by 
tion  and  go-  the  people  for  a  term  of  three  years,  and  may  be  once  re-elected.  At 
vemment.  every  eiectiOn  of  governor,  a  lieutenant-governor  is  also  chosen,  who 
is  president  of  the  senate,  and  on  whom,  in  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  or 
removal  of  the  governor,  the  powers  and  duties  of  that  office  devolve. 

The  legislative  authority  is  vested  in  a  general  assembly,  consisting  of  a 
senate,  the  members  of  which  are  elected  for  three  years,  and  a  house  of  re 
presentatives,  elected  annually.  The  number  of  representatives  can  never  be 
less  than  36,  nor  more  than  100 ;  and  they  are  apportioned  among  the  several 
counties  according  to  the  number  of  white  male  inhabitants  above  21  years  of 
age.  The  number  of  senators,  who  are  apportioned  in  like  manner,  cannot  be 
less  than  one  third  nor  more  than  one  half  of  the  number  of  representatives. 

The  representatives  and  one  third  of  the  members  of  the  senate,  are  elected 
annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  August ;  and  the  governor  is  chosen  on  the 
same  day,  every  third  year.  The  general  assembly  meets  annually  (at  In 
dianapolis)  on  the  first  Monday  in  December.  The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted 
to  all  male  citizens  of  the  age  of  21  years  or  upwards,  who  may  have  resided 
in  the  state  one  year  immediately  preceding  an  election.  The  judiciary  power 
is  vested  in  one  supreme  court,  in  circuit  courts,  and  in  such  other  inferior 
courts  as  the  general  assembly  may  establish.  The  supreme  court  consists  of 
three  judges ;  and  each  of  the  circuit  courts  consists  of  a  president  and  two 
associate  judges.  The  judges  are  all  appointed  for  the  term  of  7  years.  The 
judges  of  the  supreme  court  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  the  consent 
of  the  senate ;  the  presidents  of  the  circuit  courts,  by  the  legislature ;  and  the 
associate  judges  are  elected  by  the  people. 

The  salary  of  the  governor  is  1000  dollars. 

This  state  sends  7  representatives  to  congress. 


ILLINOIS. 

LENGTH,  350  miles ;  breadth,  180  :  between  37°  and  42°  30'  N.  latitude,  and 
10°  20'  and  14°  21'  W.  longitude.  It  contains  50,000  square  miles,  and  nearly 
40,000,000  acres.  Bounded  on  the  north  by  the  North-Western  Territory. 
East  by  lake  Michigan,  Indiana,  and  the  river  Wabash.  South  by  the  Ohio, 
which  separates  it  from  Kentucky ;  and  west,  in  its  whole  extent,  by  the  Mis 
sissippi,  which  separates  it  from  Missouri,  and  the  Missouri  Territory. 


ILLINOIS. 


143 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Population. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Vandalia. 

Adams                    t 

2,186 

Quincy 

193 

Alexander 

1,390 

America 

181 

Bond                    wm 

3,124 

Greenville 

20 

Calhoun                 u 

1,090 

Gilead 

126 

Clark 

3,940 

Clark  C.  H. 

86 

Clay                      err 

755 

Maysville 

46 

Clinton                  sm 

2,330 

Carlyle 

30 

Crawford 

3,113 

Palestine 

118 

Edgar                     t 

4,071 

Paris 

106 

Edwards 

1,649 

Albion 

92 

Fayette                  n\ 

2,704 

VANDALIA 

Franklin 

4,081 

Frankfort 

102 

Fulton  }               nm 

Fulton  C.  H. 

133 

Henry  >                  n 

2,156 

Middletown 

Knox    j               nm 

Knox  C.  H. 

188 

Gallatin                 * 

7,407 

Equality 

137 

Green                     n 

7,664 

Carrollton 

106 

Hamilton               se 

2,620 

McLeanborough 

93 

Hancock                u 

484 

Venus 

133 

Jackson                 sw 

1,827 

Brownsville 

127 

Jefferson               sm 

2,555 

Mount  Vernon 

65 

Jo-Daviess            nw 

2,111 

Galena 

326 

Johnson 

1,596 

Vienna 

167 

Lawrence               e 

3,661 

Lawrenceville 

84 

Macaupin               m 

1,989 

Carlinville 

95 

McLean 

Bloomington 

Macon                 wm 

1,122 

Decatur 

70 

Madison                 w 

6,229 

Edwardsville 

55 

Marion                  sm 

2,021 

Salem 

26 

Mercer                 nw 

26 

Monroe                  w 

2,119 

Waterloo 

99 

Montgomery          m 

2,950 

Hillsborough 

28 

Morgan               wm 

12»709 

Jacksonville 

115 

Vfacdonough  >     wm 

SAKAt 

Macomb 

Schuyler        $     wm 

,u«jtr 

Rushville 

172 

3eoria    >             nm 

Peoria 

43 

3utnam  $                n 

1,309 

Hennepio 

Derry                    sm 

1,215 

Pinckneyville 

129 

Dike                        w 

2,393 

Atlas 

148 

*ope                       se 

3,323 

Golconda 

160 

Randolph              sw 

4,436 

Kaskaskia. 

95 

St.  Clair                 w 

,       7,092 

Belleville 

71 

Sangamon             m 

12,960 

Springfield' 

79 

Shelby                   m 

2,973 

Shelbyvilie 

40 

Fazewell                m 

4,716 

Mackinaw 

149 

Jnion                   sw 

8,239 

Jonesborough 

154 

Vermilion               e 

5,836 

Danville 

150 

Wabash.                  e 

2,709 

Mount  Carmel 

109 

Warren                nw 

307 

Warren 

Washington.         sm 

1,674 

Nashville 

Vayne               sem 

2,562 

Fairfield 

69 

White                    se 

6,091 

Carmi 

94 

52            Total 

157,575,  of  whom  746  are  slaves. 

144  ILLINOIS. 

Population  at  different  Periods. 

Population.  Slave*. 

In  1810,       12,282  168 

1820,       55,211         Increase  from  1810  to  1820,     42,929  917 

1830,     157,575  1820      1830,  102,364  746 

Illinois  was  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1818,  and  contained  that  year,  by 
enumeration,  35,220  inhabitants. 

The  Mississippi,  Ohio,  and  Wabash  form  about  two  thirds  of  the  whole  bound 
ary  of  this  state.  The  other  most  considerable  rivers  are  the  Illinois,  Kaskas- 
kia,  Muddy,  Saline,  Little  Wabash,  Michilimackinack,  Crow  Meadow,  Rainy, 
Vermilion,  Mine,  Spoon,  Rocky,  and  Sangamoin. 

The  peninsula  between  the  Mississippi  and  Illinois  rivers,  has  been  surveyed 
for  military  bounty  lands.  Congress  appropriated  for  this  object  3,500,000 
acres ;  and  the  surface  actually  surveyed  amounts  to  an  area  about  equal  to  240 
townships,  each  6  miles  square ;  equal  to  8,640  square  miles,  or  5,530,000 
acres,  nearly.  It  was  necessary  that  the  number  surveyed  should  exceed  the 
number  appropriated,  as  the  act  of  congress  provides  that  the  several  portions 
granted  shall  be  fit  for  cultivation.  These  lands  are  described  as  being  very 
good. 

The  southern  and  middle  parts  of  the  state  are  for  the  most  part  level.  The 
banks  of  the  Illinois  and  Kaskaskia,  in  some  places,  present  a  sublime  and 
picturesque  scenery.  Several  of  their  tributary  streams  have  excavated  for 
themselves  deep  and  frightful  gulfs,  particularly  those  of  the  Kaskaskia,  whose 
banks  near  the  junction  of  Big  Hill  Creek,  present  a  perpendicular  front  of  solid 
lime-stone  140  feet  high.  The  north-western  part  of  the  territory  is  a  hilly, 
broken  country,  though  there  are  no  high  mountains.  The  climate  resembles 
that  of  Indiana  and  Ohio.  The  low  and  wet  lands  in  the  southern  part  are 
unhealthy. 

The  soil  has  been  divided  into  six  distinct  kinds.  1.  Bottom  land,  bearing  a 
heavy  growth  of  honey  locust,  pecan,  black-walnut,  beach,  sugar  maple,  buck 
eye,  pawpaw,  grape  vines,  &c.  This  land  is  of  the  first  quality,  and  is  found 
in  greater  or  less  quantities  on  all  the  considerable  rivers.  It  is  of  inexhaust 
ible  fertility,  and  is  annually  cultivated  without  manure.  2.  Newly  formed 
land,  found  at  the  mouths  and  confluences  of  rivers.  It  produces  sycamore, 
cotton  wood,  water  maple,  water  ash,  elm,  willow,  oak,  &c.  There  are  many 
thousand  acres  of  this  land  at  the  mouth  of  the  Wabash,  and  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Ohio  with  the  Mississippi.  It  is  annually  inundated,  and  is  unhealthy. 
3.  Dry  prairies,  approaching  the  rivers  and  bordering  on  the  bottom  land,  from 
30  to  100  feet  higher,  and  from  1  to  10  miles  wide.  These  prairies  are  desti 
tute  of  trees,  except  where  they  are  intersected  by  streams  of  water  and  occa 
sional  tracts  of  woodland.  It  has  been  estimated  that  as  much  as  two  thirds  of 
the  whole  state  consists  of  open  prairie.  The  dry  prairie  has  a  black  rich  soil, 
well  adapted  to  purposes  of  agriculture,  and  is  covered  with  rank  grass.  4. 
Wet  prairie,  found  remote  from  streams,  or  at  their  sources.  This  is  generally 
cold  and  unproductive,  abounding  with  swamps  and  ponds,  covered  with  tall 
coarse  grass.  5.  Land  covered  with  timber,  moderately  hilly,  well  watered, 
and  of  a  rich  soil.  6.  Hills,  of  a  sterile  soil  and  destitute  of  timber,  or  covered 
with  stinted  oaks  and  pines. 

The  prevailing  forest  tree  in  Illinois  is  oak,  of  which  as  many  as  13  or  14 
different  species  have  been  enumerated.  Honey  locust,  black-walnut,  mulber 
ry,  plum,  sugar  maple,  black  locust,  elm,  bass  wood,  beach,  buck-eye,  hack- 
berry,  coffee  nut,  sycamore,  spice  wood,  sassafras,  black  and  white  haws,  crab- 
apple,  wild  cherry,  cucumber,  and  pawpaw,  are  found  in  their  congenial  soils 
throughout  the  state.  White  pine  is  found  on  the  head  branches  of  the  Illinois. 

Copper  and  lead  are  found  in  several  parts  of  the  state.     Coal  has  been  dis- 


ILLINOIS.  145 

covered  in  several  places,  on  the  Big  Muddy  in  great  quantities  near  Browns 
ville,  on  the  Kaskaskia  near  the  town  of  that  name,  near  the  town  of  Edwards, 
ville  on  the  Illinois,  50  miles  above  Illinois  lake,  and  in  other  places.  Salt 
water  is  found  in  several  places  sufficient  to  furnish  immense  quantities  of  salt» 
The  famous  salt  works  belonging  to  the  United  States  are  in  the  vicinity  of 
Shawneetown.  Iron  ore  has  also  been  discovered. 

Sulphur  springs,  chalybeate  springs,  and  very  strong  impregnations  of  pure 
sulphurate  oif  magnesia  or  Epsom  salts,  abound  in  different  parts. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  state  a  number  of  sections  of  land  have  been  re- 
served  from  sale  on  account  of  the  silver  ore  which  they  are  supposed  to  contain. 

The  lead  mines  in  the  vicinity  of  Galena,  are  very  extensive  and  valuable. 
The  mineral  has  been  found  in  every  portion  of  a  tract  of  more  than  50  miles 
m  extent  in  every  direction,  and  is  supposed  to  occupy  a  territory  of  more  than 
twice  that  extent.  The  ore  lies  in  beds,  or  horizontal  strata,  varying  in  thick 
ness  from  one  inch  to  several  feet.  It  yields  75  per  cent,  of  pure  lead. 

The  staple  productions  of  Illinois  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  potatoes,  beef,  pork, 
horses,  tobacco,  and  lead.  The  castor  bean  is  raised,  and  oil  is  manufactured 
from  it,  but  not  in  large  quantities.  Good  cotton  is  produced  for  home  con- 
sumption,  and  is  manufactured  extensively  in  the  families  of  farmers  into  coarse 
fabrics,  for  domestic  uses.  Hemp,  flax,  and  silk-worms  succeed  well.  Apples, 
peaches,  pears,  plums,  cherries,  grapes,  gooseberries,  and  currants  arrive  at 
great  perfection.  The  wild  fruits  are  grapes,  plums,  cherries,  gooseberries, 
mulberries,  crab-apples,  persimmons,  blackberries,  raspberries,  and  strawberries. 

A  canal  has  been  projected  (not  yet  commenced)  to  unite  lake  internal  im- 
Michigan  with  the  river  Illinois,  and  the  national  government  has  Provement. 
made  a  liberal  donation  of  land  in  aid  of  the  design.  The  length  will  be  about 
70  miles ;  and  the  cost  is  estimated  at  $800,000. 

Laborers  are  now  employed  in  the  construction  of  that  part  of  the  great 
National  Road,  which  extends  from  the  town  of  Vandalia  to  the  eastern  bound 
ary  of  Indiana,  near  Terre  Haute.  The  length  of  this  part  is  90  miles,  and 
the  road  is  so  straight  t  tat  its  length  is  not  so  much  as  a  mile  greater  than  the 
distance  by  a  right  line  between  the  two  extreme  points. 

The  Cave  in  Rock,  o»*  House  of  Nature,  on  the  Ohio  below  Shawneetown,  is 
regarded  as  a  great  curiosity,  and  was  formerly  a  rendezvous  of  robbers. 

A  college  has  been  recently  established  at  Jacksonville,  and  land  p 
to  the  amount  of  998,374  acres  has  been  given  for  the  support  of 
schools ;  but  no  system  of  general  education  has  yet  been  organized  in  Illinois. 

The  Baptists  in  this  state  have  6  associations,  80  churches,  69   Reli,ious 
ministers,  and  2,432  communicants ;  the  Methodists,  45  preacherSj  denSna- 
and  8,859  members;  the  Presbyterians,  24  churches,  13  ministers >      tlonF' 
and  492  communicants. 

One  of  the  earliest  settlements  of  the  French  in  the  Mississippi 
valley  was  made  at  Kaskaskia,  in  the  latter  part  of  the  17th  century.    ] 
Almost  all  the  settlements  that  have  been  formed  by  the  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  have  been  begun  since  1800.     In  1809,  Illinois  was  erected  into  a  ter 
ritorial  government,  and  in  1818,  into  a  state. 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  General  Assembly,  consist-   Constitu 
ing  of  a  Senate,  the  members  of  which  are  elected  for  four  years ;  tion  and  go- 
and  a  House  of  Representatives,  elected  biennially.     The  number  vernment- 
of  representatives  shall  not  be  less  than  27,  nor  more  than  36,  until  the  num 
ber  of  inhabitants  within  the  state  shall  amount  to  100,000;  and  the  number 
of  senators  shall  never  be  less  than  one  third,  nor  more  than  one  half  of  the 
number  of  representatives." 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  by  the  people 
for  four  years ;  and  he  is  not  eligible  for  more  than  four  years  in  any  term  of 
eight  years.  At  the  election  of  governor,  a  lieutenant-governor  is  also  chosen 

T 


146 


MISSOURI. 


who  is  speaker  of  the  senate ;  and  on  whom,  in  case  the  governor  vacates  his 
office,  the  duties  of  governor  devolve. 

The  representatives  and  one  half  of  the  senators  are  elected  biennially  on 
the  first  Monday  in  August ;  and  the  governor  is  chosen,  every  fourth  year,  at 
the  same  time.  The  general  assembly  meets  every  other  year,  (at  Vandalia), 
on  the  first  Monday  in  December  next  following  the  election ;  and  the  governor 
is  authorized  to  convene  it,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  at  other  times. 

All  white  male  inhabitants,  above  the  age  of  21  years,  having  resided  in  th3 
state  six  months  next  preceding  an  election,  have  the  rights  of  electors. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court,  and  in  such  inferior  courts 
as  the  general  assembly  may  establish.  The  judges  are  appointed  by  a  joint 
ballot  of  both  branches  of  the  general  assembly,  and  hold  their  offices  during 
good  behavior. 

The  salary  of  the  governor  is  1000  dollars. 

This  state  sends  3  representatives  to  congress. 


MISSOURI. 

LENGTH,  270  miles ;  breadth,  220.  It  contains  60,000  square  miles,  and 
38,000,000  acres.  Between  36°,  and  40°  30'  N.  latitude,  and  between  11°  17' 
and  17°  30'  W.  longitude.  Bounded  north  and  west  by  the  Missouri  Territory , 
east  and  north-east  by  the  Mississippi,  which  separates  it  from  Illinois.  South 
east  by  the  Mississippi,  which  separates  it  from  Kentucky  and  Tennessee. 
South  by  Arkansas  Territory. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Population. 

County  Towns. 

Distance  from 
Jefferson  City. 

Boon                     m 

8,889 

Columbia 

56 

Callaway               m 

6,102 

Fulton 

32 

Cape  Girardeau    se 

7,430 

Jackson 

208 

Chariton              nm 

1,776 

Chariton 

79 

Clay                     nw 

5,342 

Liberty 

190 

Cole-                      m 

3,006 

JEFFERSON  CITY 

Cooper                  m 

6,019 

Boonville 

51 

Crawford 

1,709 

Little  Piney 

98 

Franklin              em 

3,484 

Union 

79 

Gasconade             m 

1,548 

Gasconade 

47 

Howard                 m 

10,844 

Fayette 

65 

Jackson                 w 

2,822 

Independence 

177 

Jefferson                 e 

2,586 

Herculaneum 

164 

Lafayette               w 

5«,921 

Lexington 

138 

Lincoln                  e 

4,060 

Troy 

97 

Madison 

2,371 

Fredericktown 

170 

Marion                 ne 

4,839 

Palmyra 

190 

Monroe 

Monroe  C.  H. 

129 

Montgomery        em 

3,900 

Lewistown 

67 

New  Madrid         se 

2,351 

New  Madrid 

278 

Perry                     e 

3,377 

Perryville 

187 

Pike                      ne 

6,122 

Bowling  Green 

132 

Rails                    ne 

4,346 

New  London 

167 

Randolph             nm 

2,962 

Randolph 

96 

Ray                       n 

2,657 

Richmond 

149 

MISSOURI. 


147 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.—  Continued. 

Counties. 

Population. 

County  Towns. 

Distance  from 
Jefferson  City. 

St.  Charles              e 

4,322 

St.  Charles 

123 

St.  Francois        sem 

2,386 

Farmington 

152 

St.  Genevieve         e 

2,182 

St.  Genevieve 

168 

St.  Louis                e 

14,907 

St.  Louis 

134 

Saline                   nm 

2,893 

Walnut  Farm 

85 

Scott                      se 

2,136 

Benton 

236 

Washington         em 

6,797 

Potosi 

127 

Wayne 

3,254 

Greenville 

200 

33            Total 

140,074,  of  whom  24,990  are  slaves. 

Population. 

In  1810,     19,833 
1820,     66,586 
[1824,     80,677] 
1830,  140,074 


Population  at  different  Periods. 


Increase  from  1810  to  1820,  46,^53 
1820      1830,  73,488 


Slaves. 

3,011 

10,222 
24,990 


A  great  proportion  of  the  land  in  this  state  is  of  the  richest  kind,  producing 
corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  flax,  hemp,  and  tobacco,  in  great  abundance.  The  lands 
bordering  on  the  Missouri,  are  exceedingly  rich.  They  consist  of  a  stratum  of 
black  alluvial  soil  of  unknown  depth.  As  you  recede  from  the  banks  of  the 
rivers,  the  land  rises,  passing  sometimes  gradually,  and  sometimes  abruptly  into 
elevated  barrens,  flinty  ridges,  and  rocky  cliffs.  A  portion  of  the  state  is, 
therefore,  unfit  for  cultivation,  but  this  part  of  the  state  is  rich  in  mineral  trea 
sures.  The  land  is  either  very  fertile  or  very  poor ;  it  is  either  bottom  land, 
or  diff,  either  prairie  or  barren ;  there  is  very  little  of  an  intermediate  quality. 
The  climate  is  remarkably  serene  and  temperate,  and  very  favorable  to  health. 

The  most  remarkable  feature  in  Missouri  is  its  lead  mines,  which  are  proba 
bly  the  most  extensive  on  the  globe.  They  occupy  a  district  between  37°  and 
38°  N.  lat.  and  between  89°  and  92°  W.  long,  extending  from  the  head  waters 
of  St.  Francis  river  in  a  north-west  direction,  to  the  Merrimack,  a  distance  of 
70  miles  in  length,  and  about  45  miles  in  breadth.  They  cover  an  area  of 
more  than  3,000  square  miles.  The  ore  is  of  the  richest  and  purest  kind,  and 
exists  in  quantities  sufficient  to  supply  all  the  demands  of  the  United  States, 
and  allow  a  large  surplus  for  exportation. 


Quantity  of  Lead  made  at  U.  S.  Lead  Mines  annually,  from  1821  to  1831. 

Fever  River. 

Missouri. 

Total. 

Ibs.  of  lead  made  from  1821  to  30  Sept.  1823 

835,130 

•      •      • 

335,130 

do.       for  the  year  ending  30  Sept.  1824 

175,220 

.      .      . 

175,220 

do.                  do.                  do.         1825 

664,530 

386,590 

1,051,120 

do.                  do.                  do.         1826 

958,842 

1,374,962 

2,333,804 

do.                 do.                  do.         1827 

5,182,180 

910,380 

6,092,560 

do.                  do.                  do.         1828 

11,105,810 

1,205,920 

12,311,730 

do.                  do.                  do.         1829 

13,343,150 

1,198,160 

14,541,310 

do.                  do.                  do.         1830 

8,323,998 

8,060 

8,332,058 

do.                 do.                  do.         1831 

6,381,900 

67,180 

6,449,080 

Total, 

46,470,820 

5,151,252 

51,622,072 

148 


MISSOURI. 


Operations  of  the  Lead  Mines,  for  the  yi 

>ar  ending  * 

Fever  River. 

September  30,  1831. 

Missouri.             Total. 

6,381,900 

67,180 
3,359 

6,449,030 
322,454 
124,736 

*Pounds  of  lead  which  have  accrued  as  rent 
Rents  remaining  due  30th  September,  1830 
Total  rents  due  in  the  year  ending  30th  Sep 
tember  1831   .     .     

319,095 
124,736 

443,831 
271,627 

3,359 
3,359 

3,  by  order  of 

447,190 
274,986 

Pounds  of  lead  received  as  rent  in  1831 
Rents  remaining  due  the  30th  Sept.  1831  . 

*  Rents  reduced  from  10  to  5  per  cent,  on  the  amoui 
of  War,  January  15th,  1830. 

172,204 

it  of  lead  mad 

172,204 

the  Secretary 

Besides  the  great  rivers  Mississippi  and  Missouri,  this  state  is  watered  by  va 
rious  others  of  considerable  magnitude.  The  largest  are  the  Osage,  Grand, 
Chariton,  Gasconade,  Merrimac  or  Maramec,  Washita,  and  St.  Francis.  The 
Osage  is  a  large  river,  navigable  for  boats  660  miles. 

steamboat       St.  Louis  is  1200  miles,  by  the  course  of  the  river,  above  New 
n£frorn  st"  Orleans,  and  is,  next  to  that  city,  the  largest  and  most  commercial 

Louis,  town  on  the  Mississippi.  In  the  summer  of  1831,  there  were  six 
steamboats  regularly  employed  between  St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans.  A  trip 
from  one  place  to  the  other  and  back  again  usually  occupies  24  days ;  the 
shortest  time  in  which  one  was  ever  made,  18  days.  The  usual  fare  for  cabin 
passengers  descending,  820 ;  ascending,  $25 ;  for  deck  passengers,  $5  either 
way.  Freight  per  lOOOlbs.  descending,  37^  cents;  ascepding,  62^  cents. 

From  St.  Louis  to  Louisville,  630  miles  :  6  boats  regularly  running,  in  1831 : 
usual  time  of  a  trip  10  or  11  days ;  the  passage  one  way  usually  being  some 
what  more  than  three  days ;  fare  of  cabin  passengers  about  $15,  either  way  ; 
deck  passengers,  $4 :  freight  about  25  cents  per  lOOlbs.  One  boat  also  ran 
regularly  to  Cincinnati,  150  miles  above  Louisville. 

From  St.  Louis  to  Fever  River,  about  480  miles :  3  steamboats  regularly 
employed  in  1831  :  time  occupied  by  a  trip,  about  10  days :  fare  for  passengers 
ascending,  $15 ;  descending,  $9.  The  route  of  one  of  the  boats  occasionally 
extended  to  St.  Peter's  River,  400  miles  further  up. 

In  1831,  two  boats  were  employed  in  running  from  St.  Louis  up  the  Missouri 
to  Franklin,  200  miles,  and  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  200  miles  further :  freight  to 
Franklin  75  cents  per  lOOlbs.,  and  to  Fort  Leavenworth  from  $1.25  to  $1.50: 
from  Franklin  down,  25  cents  per  lOOlbs. 

From  St.  Louis  to  Pekin,  on  Illinois  river,  180  miles  :  two  or  three  boats  regu 
larly  employed  in  1831.  Steamboats  come  occasionally  to  St.  Louis  from 
Pittsburg  and  other  places. 

Education       ^'  ^ou^s  College  and  another  seminary  at  a  place  called  Bois  Brule 

Bottom,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state,  both  Catholic  institutions, 

are  the  most  considerable  literary  seminaries  in  Missouri.     A  portion  of  the 

public  lands  have  been  granted  by  congress  for  the  support  of  schools ;  but  no 

provision  for  education  has  been  made  by  the  legislature  of  the  state,  except  the 

passing  of  some  laws  relating  to  the  lands  granted  by  congress. 

Religious       ^e  Baptists  in  this  state  have  9  associations,  111  churches,  67 

deno'mTna-  ministers,  and  3,955  communicants ;  the  Methodists,  23  preachers 

tions.  amj  3^403  members;  the  Presbyterians,  17  churches,  10  ministers, 
and  605  communicants;  the  Roman  Catholics,  a  considerable  number  of 
churches  and  priests ;  the  Episcopalians,  3  ministers. 

There  are  12  periodical  papers  in  the  state. 

There  is  a  branch  of  the  United  States  Bank  at  St.  Louis,  which  is  the  only 
bank  in  the  state. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA.  149 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  at  St.  Louis,  in  I820-Con9tituti 
The  legislative  power  was  vested  in  a  General  Assembly,  consisting  and9governn 
of  a  Senate  and  a  House  of  Representatives.     The  representatives    ment- 
are  chosen  every  second  year.     Every  county  is  entitled  to  at  least  one  repre 
sentative;  but  the  whole  number  can  never  exceed  100.     The  senators  are 
elected  for  four  years,  the  seats  of  one  half  being  vacated  every  second  year. 
The  constitutional  number  is,  not  less  than  14,  nor  more  than  33.     They  are 
chosen  by  districts,  and  are  apportioned  according  to  the  number  of  free  white 
inhabitants.     The  elections  for  representatives  and  senators  are  held  biennially 
on  the  first  Monday  in  August, 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  for  four  years, 
on  the  first  Monday  in  August ;  and  he  is  ineligible  for  the  next  four  years 
after  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service. 

At  the  time  of  the  election  of  governor,  a  lieutenant-governor  is  also  chosen, 
who  is,  by  virtue  of  his  office,  president  of  the  senate. 

The  legislature  meets  every  second  year  (at  the  City  of  Jefferson,)  on  the 
first  Monday  in  November. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  every  white  male  citizen,  who  has  attained 
the  age  of  21  years,  and  has  resided  in  the  state  one  year  before  an  election,  the 
last  three  months  thereof  being  in  the  county  or  district  in  which  he  offers  his  vote. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court,  in  a  chancellor,  circuit 
courts,  and  such  other  inferior  tribunals  as  the  general  assembly  may,  from 
time  to  time,  establish. 

The  judges  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con 
sent  of  the  senate ;  and  they  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  but  not 
beyond  the  age  of  65  years. 

The  governor's  salary  is  1500  dollars. 

This  state  sends  two  representatives  to  congress. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

THE  District  of  Columbia  is  a  tract  of  country,  10  miles  square,  on  both 
sides  of  Potomac  river,  120  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  was  ceded  to  the  United 
States  by  Maryland  and  Virginia  in  1790,  and  in  1800  became  the  seat  of  the 
general  government.  It  is  under  the  immediate  government  of  congress. 

Counties.  Population.  Chief  Towns. 

Alexandria,  9,608  Alexandria. 

Washington,         30,250  WASHINGTON. 

Total,     39,858 

Population  at  different  Periods. 

Population.  Slaves. 

In  1800,     14,093  3,244 

1810,     24,023  Increase  from  1800  to  1810,     9,930              5,395 

1820,     33,039  1810      1820,    9,016  6,377 

1830,     39,858  1820      1830,     6,819  6,056 

The  surface  of  the  District  of  Columbia  is  generally  very  pleasantly  diver 
sified  by  hill  and  dale.  The  soil,  in  its  natural  state,  is  sterile.  The  climate  is 
esteemed  very  healthy.  The  latitude  of  the  Capitol  is  38°  52'  45"  north,  ana 
within  a  very  small  fraction,  77°  west  from  London.  The  mean  temperature 
about  55°  Fahrenheit ;  similar  to  that  of  Philadelphia,  Wilmington,  Baltimore, 
and  Richmond. 

The  situation  of  the  District  is  such  that  it  has  become  the  centre  of  a  very 
extensive  commerce.  The  quantity  of  flour  and  other  domestic  produce,  brought 


ftO 


FLORIDA. 


down  the  Potomac  annually  is  very  considerable.  The  principal  shipping 
interest  of  this  district  centres  at  Alexandria,  but  extensive  business  is  also  done 
at  Georgetown.  The  amount  of  exports  in  1830  was  753,973  dollars,  and 
the  shipping  about  21,750  tons.  At  the  junction  of  the  east  branch  with  the 
Potomac,  the  United  States  have  a  navy-yard,  to  which  vessels  of  the  largest 
tonnage  can  ascend. 

There  are  three  colleges  in  the  District :  Columbia  College,  a  seminary  chiefly 
under  the  direction  of  the  Baptist  denomination,  is  situated  near  Washington ; 
Georgetown  College,  a  Roman  Catholic  institution,  at  Georgetown ;  and  an 
Episcopal  Theological  Seminary  in  the  vicinity  of  Alexandria. 

The  number  of  banks  in  1831  was  10,  including  a  branch  of  the  United 
States  Bank  at  Washington. 

Reii  ious       ^e  Baptists  in  this  district  have  18  churches,  10  ministers,  and 
denomina-  1,658  communicants ;  the  Presbyterians,  9  churches,  11  ministers,  5 
tions.     licentiates,  and  996  communicants ;  the  Methodists,  1,400  members ; 
and  the  Episcopalians,  5  ministers ;  the  Catholics,  several  churches ;  the  Uni 
tarians,  1  minister. 


FLORIDA. 

FLORIDA  is  bounded  north  by  Georgia  and  Alabama,  east  by  the  Atlantic, 
south  and  south-west  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  and  west  by  Alabama. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Tallahassee. 

r  Escambia           nw 

3,386 

Pensacola 

242 

West         1  Jackson        ^ 

Marianna 

77 

Florida.       1  Walton         V      w 

6,092 

Alaqua 

161 

L  Washington  j      m 

Holmes'  Valley 

121 

IGadsden             nm 

4,894 

Quincy 

23 

Hamilton           nm 

553 

Miccotown 

T    £P 

Jefferson            nm 

3,312 

Monticello 

20 

Leon                  nm 

6,493 

TALLAHASSEE 

Madison 

525 

Hickstown 

f  Alachua               m 

2,204 

Dell's 

178 

East         j  Duva11.                ne 

1,970 

Jacksonville 

252 

733 

Timoka 

\  Nassau                ne 

1,511 

Fernandina 

313 

I  St.  John's              e 

2,535 

St.  Augustine 

292 

S.  Florida.     Monroe                 s 

517 

Key  West 

15     Total 

34,723,  of  whom  15,510  are  slaves. 

The  surface  of  Florida  is  in  general  level  and  not  much  elevated  above  the 
sea.  It  is  intersected  by  numerous  ponds,  lakes,  and  rivers,  particularly  the 
St.  John's  river,  which  runs  through  nearly  the  whole  length  of  the  Peninsula 
from  south  to  north.  A  quarry  of  stone  commences  at  the  island  of  Anastasia, 
and  extends  to  the  south,  not  exceeding  three  miles  in  width.  The  stone  is  a 
concretion  of  shells ;  it  is  soft  when  the  quarry  is  first  opened,  but  becomes 
hard  upon  exposure  to  the  air,  and  is  of  excellent  use  in  building.  The  south 
ern  part  of  the  peninsula  is  a  mere  marsh,  and  terminates  at  Cape  Sable  in 
heaps  of  sharp  rocks,  interspersed  with  a  scattered  growth  of  shrubby  pines. 
The  gulf  stream  setting  along  the  coast  has  here  worn  away  the  land,  forming 
those  islands,  keys  and  rocks,  known  by  the  general  name  of  Martyrs  and 


FLORIDA.  151 

Pinerais,  and  by  the  Spaniards  called  cayos,  between  which  and  the  mainland 
is  a  navigable  channel.  These  islands  contain  some  settlements  and  many 
good  harbors.  The  eddies  which  set  towards  the  shore  from  the  gulf  stream 
cause  many  shipwrecks  on  this  part  of  the  coast,  furnishing  employment  to  the 
Bahama  wreckers.  The  rivers  and  coasts  of  Florida  yield  a  variety  of  fish, 
among  which  are  the  sheepshead,  mullet,  trout,  and  bass,  and  abundance  of 
shell-fish,  as  oysters,  shrimps,  crabs,  &c.  The  soil  of  Florida  is  in  some  parts, 
especially  on  the  banks  of  the  rivers,  equal  to  any  in  the  world ;  in  other 
parts,  it  is  indifferent ;  and  there  are  large  tracts  which  are  represented  to  be 
of  little  value.  The  country,  however,  has  been  but  imperfectly  explored,  and 
few  agricultural  experiments  have  been  made.  Much  of  the  land,  which,  on  a 
superficial  view,  has  been  supposed  to  be  not  worth  cultivating,  it  is  believed 
may  be  turned  to  very  profitable  account.  Owing  to  its  proximity  to  the  sea 
on  both  sides,  this  peninsula  has  a  milder  climate  than  the  country  to  the  west 
of  it,  in  the  same  latitude.  The  productions  are  corn,  rice,  potatoes,  cotton, 
hemp,  olives,  oranges,  and  other  tropical  fruits,  and  it  is  supposed  that  coffee 
and  the  sugar  cane  will  flourish  here.  The  pine  barrens  produce  grass,  which 
supports  an  immense  number  of  cattle.  The  forests  yield  fine  live-oak,  pitch, 
tar,  and  turpentine,  and  lumber  has  been  exported  for  nearly  a  century. 
Among  the  most  fertile  lands  are  Forbes'  Purchase,  and  the  Alachua  Savannah, 
The  climate,  from  October  to  June,  is  generally  salubrious ;  but  the  months  of 
July,  August,  and  September,  are  extremely  hot  and  uncomfortable;  and 
during  this  season,  fevers  are  prevalent.  At  St.  Augustine,  however,  the 
climate  is  delightful,  and  this  place  is  the  resort  of  invalids. 

The  principal  rivers  are  St.  John's,  Apalachicola,  Suwanee,  St.  Mark's, 
Oclockonne,  and  Connecuh. 

The  lakes  are  Macaca,  and  Lake  George. 

The  principal  bays  are  Pensacola,  St.  Rosa,  Apalachie,  Tampa,  Charlotte 
Harbor,  and  Chatham  Bay. 

The  Florida  canal  extends  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Mary's,  to  Apa- 
iachie  Bay ;  length,  250  miles. 

1 


PROFILE  VIEW  OF  THE  FLORIDA  CANAL. 


The  capes  are  Cannaveral,  Florida,  Sable,  Romans,  and  St.  Bias. 
The  chief  towns  are  Pensacola,  St.  Augustine,  Jacksonville,  and  Tallahassee, 
the  capital. 

The  bank  of  Florida  is  at  Tallahassee,  and  the  only  one  in  the  Territory. 
The  salary  of  the  governor  is  2,500  dollars. 


MICHIGAN  TERRITORY. 

LENGTH,  250  miles;  breadth,  135:  containing  33,950  square  miles,  and 
21,600,000  acres,  Between  41°  31'  and  45°  40'  N.  lat. ;  and  between  5°  12' 
and  10°  W.  Ion.  from  Washington.  Bounded  on  the  north  by  the  straits  of 
Michilimackinac ;  east  by  lakes  Huron,  St.  Clair,  and  Erie,  and  their  waters ; 
south  by  Ohio  and  Indiana  j  and  west  by  lake  Michigan. 


152 


MICHIGAN  TERRITORY 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Population. 

County  Towns. 

Distance  fr. 
Detroit. 

Berrien 

323 

Niles 

179 

Cass 

928 

Edwardsburg 

169 

Jackson 
Lenawee                 s 

1,491 

Jacksonopolis 
Tecumseh 

88 
63 

Macomb                se 

2,414 

Mount  Clemens 

26 

Michilimackinac     n 

877 

Mackinac 

321 

Monroe                  se 

3,187 

Monroe 

36 

Oakland              sem 

4,910 

Pontiac 

26 

St.  Clair                 € 

1,115 

St.  Clair 

59 

St.  Joseph 

1,313 

White  Pigeon  Prairie 

Van  Buren 

5 

Washtenaw          sm 

4,042 

Ann  Arbor 

42 

Wayne                 se 
Detroit,  city 

4,565  > 
2,222  $ 

DETROIT 

Counties  west  of  Lake  Michigan^  which  are  under  its 

government. 

Brown 

964 

Menomonie 

Chippewa 

625 

Sault  de  Ste.  Marie 

356 

Crawford 

692 

Prairie  du  Chien 

598 

Iowa 

1,589 

Helena 

17            Total 

31,260,  of  whom  27  are  slaves. 

Michigan  territory  is  a  large  peninsula,  something  resembling  a  triangle, 
with  its  base  resting  upon  Ohio  and  Indiana.  Three  quarters  of  its  extent  are 
surrounded  by  the  great  lakes  Huron  and  Michigan.  It  is  generally  a  level 
country,  having  no  mountains,  and  not  many  elevations  that  might  properly 
be  called  hills.  The  centre  of  the  peninsula  is  table  land,  elevated,  however, 
not  many  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lakes,  and  sloping  inwards. 

The  eastern  parts  of  this  territory,  from  various  circumstances,  became  first 
settled.  Within  the  few  last  years  a  great  mass  of  emigrants  have  begun  to 
spread  themselves  over  this  fine  and  fertile  country.  Situated,  as  it  is,  be 
tween  the  west,  the  south,  and  the  east,  with  greater  facilities  for  extensive  inland 
water  communication  than  any  other  country  on  the  globe,  with  a  fertile  soil, 
of  which  millions  of  acres  are  fit  for  the  plow,  with  a  healthful  climate,  and 
with  a  concurrence  of  circumstances  inviting  northern  population,  there  can 
be  no  doubt  that  it  will  soon  take  its  place  as  a  state,  and  rival  its  western 
sister  states.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  barley,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  turnips, 
peas,  apples,  pears,  plums,  cherries,  and  peaches  are  raised  easily  and  in 
abundance.  It  is  a  country  more  favorable  to  cultivated  grasses  than  the 
western  country.  In  short,  it  is  peculiarly  fitted  for  northern  farmers.  No 
inland  country,  according  to  its  age,  population,  and  circumstances,  has  a 
greater  trade.  A  number  of  steamboats  and  lake  vessels  are  constantly 
plying  in  this  trade,  which  is  with  Mackinack,  Detroit,  Chicago,  and  Ohio. 
The  amount  of  foreign  exports,  in  1831,  was  $53,290. 

The  climate  of  this  region,  in  consequence  of  its  being  level  and  peninsular, 
and  surrounded  on  all  sides  but  the  south  with  such  immense  bodies  of  water, 
is  more  temperate  and  mild  than  could  be  expected  from  its  latitude.  The 
southern  parts  have  mild  winters,  and  the  spring  opens  as  early  as  in  any  part 
of  the  United  States  in  the  same  latitude :  the  position  of  the  northern  parts 
must  subject  it  to  a  Canadian  temperature.  The  winter  commences  here  early 
in  November,  and  does  not  terminate  until  the  end  of  March.  At  De 
troit,  in  1818,  the  mean  heat  of  January  was  24°,  and  in  1820,  the  rncan  heat 


NORTH-WEST  TERRITORY.  153 

of  July  was  69°,  of  December  27°.  At  Mackinack,  the  most  northern  settle 
ment  in  the  United  States,  the  mean  heat  of  October  was  45° ;  of  November 
32° ;  and  of  December  21°. 

The  Methodists  in  this  territory  have  11  preachers  and  675  mem-   Religioug 
bers ;  the  Presbyterians,  6  churches  and  6  ministers  ;  the  Episcopa-  denomina- 
lians,  5  ministers;  the  Baptists,  1  association,  2  ministers,  and  187 
communicants ;  the  Roman  Catholics,  several  priests. 

The  governor's  salary  is  2,000  dollars. 

Detroit,  the  capital  of  Michigan,  was  settled  by  the  French  about 

tory'    the  year  1670.     In  1805,  the  country  was  erected  by  the  congress 

of  the  United  States  into  a  separate  territorial  government;  in  1812,  it  was 

taken  by  the  British  under  general  Brock;  and  in  1813,  it  was  recovered  by 

the  army  of  the  United  States  under  general  Harrison. 


NORTH-WEST  TERRITORY. 

NEARLY  500  miles  in  length,  and  400  in  breadth.  Between  42°  30',  and 
49°  N.  latitude,  and  10°  31',  and  18°  30'  W.  longitude  from  Washington. 
Bounded  east  by  Lake  Michigan;  north  by  Lake  Superior  and  the  British 
possessions ;  west  by  the  Mississippi,  and  a  line  drawn  from  its  source  to  the 
northern  boundary,  which  separates  it  from  Missouri  Territory.  The  most 
accurate  account  of  this  country  is  to  be  found  in  Long's  Second  Expedition. 
It  is  generally  a  hilly  country,  with  the  exception  of  extensive  level  prairies 
At  the  western  extremity  of  Lake  Superior  are  the  Cabotian  Mountains ;  and 
near  the  mineral  district  the  Smoky  Mountains.  In  some  of  its  features,  this 
country  resembles  Missouri  Territory  ;  but  has  greater  proportions  covered 
with  wood.  The  chief  rivers,  except  the  Mississippi,  are  Ouisconsin  river,  Fox, 
Chippeway,  St.  Croix,  Rum,  St.  Francis,  and  Savanna  of  the  Mississippi ; 
Grand  Portage,  Ontonagon,  Montreal,  Mauvaise,  Bois  Brule,  St.  Louis,  and 
nearly  50  smaller  streams  are  waters  of  Lake  Superior.  Riviere  la  Pluie  falls 
into  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  None  of  the  lake  rivers  have  a  course  of  more 
than  150  miles,  and  few  more  than  50  miles. 

The  largest  river  of  the  Mississippi  in  this  Territory,  is  Ouisconsin,  which 
rises  in  the  northern  interior  of  the  country,  and  interlocks  with  the  Montreal 
of  Lake  Superior.  It  has  a  course  of  between  3  and  400  miles,  with  a  shallow 
and  rapid  current,  which  is,  however,  generally  boatable  in  good  stages  of  the 
water,  and  is  800  yards  wide  at  its  mouth.  There  is  a  portage  of  only  half  a 
mile  between  this  and  Fox  river.  It  is  over  a  level  prairie,  across  which,  from 
river  to  river  there  is  a  water  communication  for  periagues  in  high  stages  of 
the  water. 

This  is  a  fine  region  for  hunters.  In  the  upper  part  of  the  country,  buffaloes, 
elk,  bears  and  deer  are  common.  Beavers,  otters,  and  muskrats  are  taken  for 


154  NORTH-WEST  TERRITORY. 

their  furs.  The  trappers  and  savages  roam  over  immense  prairies  in  pursuit 
of  their  objects.  In  some  parts  of  it  the  soil  is  fertile.  White  and  yellow  pine, 
and  white  birch  are  common  among  the  forest  trees.  All  the  water-courses, 
ponds,  and  marshes  are  covered  with  wild  rice,  which  constitutes  a  considera 
ble  part  of  the  nourishment  of  the  inhabitants.  The  head  waters  of  the  Mis 
sissippi  are  estimated  to  be  1,330  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

It  is  a  country  abundant  in  minerals.  In  it  are  found  great  quantities  of  the 
terre  verte,  or  green  earth,  lead,  copper  and  iron.  The  lead-mine  district  is  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  country,  between  Rock  river  and  the  Ouisconsin.  On 
Fever  river  are  the  chief  establishments  of  the  present  miners,  and  the  mines 
are  probably  as  rich  and  as  abundant  as  any  in  the  world.  It  has  been  assert 
ed,  for  half  a  century,  that  great  quantities  of  native  copper  are  found  along 
the  northern  shore  of  Lake  Superior.  On  the  Ontonagon  are  great  quantities  of 
pure  copper  in  detached  masses.  A  single  mass  is  estimated  to  weigh  3,000 
pounds.  More  recent  and  intelligent  travellers  have  not  realized  the  expecta 
tions  that  have  been  raised  in  respect  to  finding  this  metal.  But  lead  and  iron 
are  found  in  various  places ;  and  sufficient  indications  of  the  existence  of  mines 
of  copper. 

The  southern  part  of  this  extensive  region  possesses  a  climate  compara 
tively  mild,  and  not  much  unlike  that  of  the  northern  belt  of  Missouri.  At  the 
Falls  of  St.  Anthony  the  summers  are  temperate,  and  the  winters  extremely 
cold.  The  sources  of  the  Mississippi  are  in  a  region  severely  inclement.  At 
St.  Peters,  in  1820,  the  mean  temperature  of  January  was  zero,  a  degree  of 
cold  not  felt  in  any  part  of  the  United  States  that  is  much  settled.  The  sum 
mer  was  temperate,  and  the  atmosphere  beautifully  serene.  Even  at  Prairie 
du  Chien,  though  much  more  temperate,  the  winters  are  very  severe. 

On  the  19th  July,  near  the  Falls  of  Packagama,  the  elevation  being  1,200 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  "  the  night  was  so  cold  that  the  water  froze  upon 
the  bottoms  of  the  canoes,  and  they  were  incrusted  with  a  scale  of  ice  of  the 
thickness  of  a  knife-blade.  The  thermometer  stood  at  36°  at  sunrise.  There 
had  been  a  heavy  dew  during  the  night,  which  was  succeeded  by  a  dense  fog 
in  the  morning,  and  the  forenoon  remained  cloudy  and  chilly." 

Green  Bay  Settlement  is  situated  at  the  outlet  of  Fox  river,  and  contains  952 
inhabitants.  A  few  miles  up  Fox  river  of  this  bay,  in  a  most  romantic  posi 
tion,  is  an  interesting  Episcopal  missionary  establishment.  There  are  two  or 
three  other  incipient  establishments  of  hunters  and  trappers.  Prairie  du  Chien 
is  a  considerable  village.  There  are  flour-mills  near  it  It  is  a  place  of  im 
portance  as  an  outlet  from  the  Lower  Mississippi  to  the  upper  waters.  It  is 
situated  near  a  beautiful  prairie.  The  position  of  the  village  has  been  recently 
inundated.  Most  of  the  permanent  inhabitants  have  Indian  blood  in  their  veins. 
At  certain  seasons  of  the  year  it  is  populous,  bustling,  and  busy.  Curious 
modes  of  justice  and  of  dispatching  business  have  been  adopted  here  by  pre 
scription.  The  inhabitants  of  this  village  and  settlement  amount  to  492.  Fre 
quent  voyages  are  made  from  St.  Louis  to  this  place  in  keel-boats.  The  richest 
copper  mines,  and  large  masses  of  pure  copper,  are  found  here. 

This  vast  region  has  hitherto  been  politically  connected  with  Michigan  Ter 
ritory  ;  but  as  that  Territory  has  as  distinct  geographical  limits  as  any  state  in 
the  Union,  and  this  region  is  only  connected  with  that  by  circumstances  of  a 
temporary  nature,  it  is  evident  that  this  country  ought  to  be  viewed,  at  least 
geographically,  as  a  territory  by  itself. 

Prairie  du  Chien,  Cassville,  and  Green  Bay  are  the  largest  villages,  and  the 
whole  population  is  rated  at  16,000.  Three  thousand  immigrants  for  this  coun 
try  passed  through  Buffalo  in  a  single  week. 


ARKANSAS  TERRITORY. 


155 


ARKANSAS  TERRITORY. 

GREATEST  length  500  miles.  Medial  length  300.  Breadth  240.  It  con 
tains  more  than  50,000  square  miles.  Between  33°  and  36°  30'  N.  latitude ; 
and  13°  and  23°  W.  longitude  from  Washington.  Bounded  north  by  Missouri 
and  the  territory  beyond  ;  east  by  the  Mississippi,  which  separates  it  from  Ten 
nessee  and  Mississippi ;  south  by  Louisiana  and  the  Mexican  states  ;  west  by 
those  states.  It  was  erected  into  a  territorial  government  in  1819,  and  contains 
25,667  whites,  and  4678  blacks — total  30,383.  The  limits  of  this  great  region 
are  strongly  defined  by  physical  and  geographical  lines.  These  lines  are  for 
the  most  part  large  rivers,  and  the  ocean  of  prairies  beyond. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Little  Rock. 

Arkansas                       e 

1,423 

Arkansas 

114 

Chicot                          se 

1,165 

Villemont 

184 

Clark                         em 

1,369 

Clark  C.  H. 

87 

Conway                     em 

982 

Harrisburg 

40 

Crawford                     m 

2,440 

Crawford  C.  H. 

136 

Crittenden                   ne 

1,272 

Greenock 

168 

Hempstead                   s 

2,507 

Hempstead  C.  H. 

130 

Hot  or  Warm  Spring  m 

458 

Warm  Spring 

60 

Independence               n 

2,032 

Batesville 

102 

Izard                             n 

1,266 

Izard  C.  H. 

172 

Jackson 

333 

Litchfield 

Jefferson 

772 

Lafayette                      s 

748 

Lafayette  C.  H. 

182 

Lawrence                   ne 

2,806 

Jackson 

152 

Miller                         sw 

358 

Miller  C.  H. 

228 

Monroe 

461 

Jacob's  Staff 

84 

Phillips                         e 

1,152 

Helena 

124 

Pope 

1,483 

Scotia 

81 

Pulaski                        m 

2,395 

LITTLE  ROCK 

St.  Francis 

1,505 

Franklin 

Sevier 

636 

Paraclifta 

168 

Union 

640 

Corea  Fabre 

Washington 

2,181 

Fayetteville 

217 

23                  Total 

30,383,  of  whom  4,578  are  slaves. 

The  soil  exhibits  every  variety,  from  the  most  productive  to  the  most  sterile. 
The  indigenous  forest-trees  are  specifically  numerous,  and  very  large.  The 
principal  species  are,  oak,  hickory,  ash,  sycamore,  cotton-wood,  linden,  maple, 
three  or  four  species,  locust  and  pine.  The  cultivated  fruit-trees  are  the  apple, 
pear,  peach,  plum,  nectarine,  cherry  and  quince.  The  various  kinds  of  small 
grain  succeed  well,  such  as  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  and  maize.  Garden 
plants  are  abundant,  and  grow  luxuriously.  In  metallic  wealth,  Arkansas  is 
productive  in  iron  ore,  gypsum,  and  common  salt.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  flour, 
peltry,  salted  provisions,  and  lumber,  are  the  staples  of  the  territory.  Arkansas 
was  among  the  most  ancient  settlements  of  the  French  in  Louisiana.  That 
nation  had  a  hunting  and  trading  post  on  the  Arkansas  river  as  early  as  the 
beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century ;  but,  from  the  peculiar  situation  of  the  adja 
cent  country,  the  settlements  upon  that  river  made  little  advance  before  the 
transfer  of  Louisiana  to  the  United  States.  Since  that  period,  Arkansas  has 
been  involved  in  the  various  vicissitudes  of  the  country  of  which  it  formed  a, 


156  MISSOURI  TERRITORY. 

part ;  and  on  the  formation  of  Missouri  into  a  state,  became  a  territory  of  the 
United  States. 

The  Arkansas  Territory  was  erected  into  a  separate  government  in  1819, 
extending  from  the  Mississippi  to  Mexico;  but  in  1824,  the  western  limit  was 
restricted  to  a  line  beginning  40  miles  the  west  of  the  south-west  corner  of 
the  state  of  Missouri,  and  running  south  to  Red  river. 

The  Hot  Springs,  towards  the  sources  of  the  Washita,  are  much  visited  by 

invalids.     The  waters  are  pure  and  limpid,  with  little  or  no  mineral  properties, 

and  their  ordinary  temperature  is  said  to  be  that  of  boiling  heat. 

Reii  ious       ^e  Metjiodists  in  this  territory  have  7  preachers  and  983  mem- 

denpmina-  bers  ;  the  Baptists,  1  association,  8  churches,  2  ministers,  and  88 

tions.  communicants  ;  the  Roman  Catholics,  several  priests ;  the  Presbyte 
rians,  3  or  4  ministers ;  and  the  Episcopalians,  1  minister. 

The  governor's  salary  is  2,000  dollars. 


MISSOURI  TERRITORY. 

THIS  vast  extent  of  country,  lying  between  the  Mississippi  and  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  comprises  the  greater  part  of  the  western  slope  of  the  Mississippi 
valley,  and  is  almost  wholly  uninhabited,  except  by  Indians. 

A  belt  of  country,  extending  from  200  to  400  miles  to  the  west  of  the  Mis 
sissippi,  is  covered,  in  great  part,  with  forests.  To  the  west  of  this  is  found 
a  vast  region  of  plains  reaching  to  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  in  some  parts  it  is 
fertile  and  covered  with  grass,  and  in  others  sandy  and  sterile.  It  has  been 
compared  to  the  steppes  of  Central  Asia,  and  some  portions  of  it  to  the  African 
desert  of  Sahara.  The  margins  of  the  lower  courses  of  the  rivers  that  enter 
the  Mississippi  from  this  region  are  wooded ;  but  in  ascending  towards  the 
mountains,  the  trees  gradually  diminish,  and  at  length  entirely  disappear. 

To  the  west  of  these  plains  the  Rocky  Mountains  rise  up  in  an  abrupt  man 
ner,  presenting  a  steep  front,  with  many  frowning  rocky  precipices,  and  having 
many  summits  covered  with  perpetual  snow.  It  is  a  singular  fact  that,  between 
the  sources  of  the  La  Platte  and  the  Buenaventura,  there  is  an  opening  through 
this  range  which  admits  the  passage  of  loaded  wagons. 

The  largest  rivers  of  this  country  are  the  Missouri  and  its  tributaries,  the 
Konsas  or  Kansas,  La  Platte,  and  Yellowstone. 

The  Great  Falls  of  the  Missouri,  which  are  2570  miles  by  the  river  from 
the  Mississippi,  consist  of  a  succession  of  cataracts  and  rapids,  amounting  in 
the  whole  to  350  feet.  The  largest  cataract,  which  is  87  feet  perpendicular, 
presents  a  scene  of  much  beauty  and  grandeur. 

The  place  where  the  Missouri  seems  to  have  torn  for  itself  a  passage  through 
the  mountain  ridge,  called  the  Gates  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  is  described  as  a 
very  sublime  spectacle.  The  river  flows  through  a  chasm  more  than  five 
miles  long,  where  the  rocks  rise  perpendicularly  from  the  water's  edge  to  the 
height  of  nearly  1200  feet.  The  stream  is  here  compressed  to  the  width  of 
150  yards ;  and  for  the  space  of  three  miles,  there  is  but  one  spot  on  which  a 
man  can  stand,  between  the  edge  of  the  water  and  the  perpendicular  ascent  of 
the  mountain  rock. 

The  United  States  have  established  military  posts  at  Council  Bluffs  and  on 
St.  Peter's  river. 


OREGON  TERRITORY. 


157 


OREGON  TERRITORY. 

THIS  is  an  extensive  country,  lying  between  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the 
Pacific  ocean  ;  but  it  is  little  known. 

I"  is  watered  by  the  river  Oregon,  or  Columbia,  and  its  branches,  the  princi 
pal  of  which  are  Lewis's  river,  Clark's  river,  and  the  Multnomah. 

The  country  bordering  on  the  Oregon  and  its  branches,  is  represented  as 
having  a  good  soil,  and  is  covered  with  heavy  timber,  consisting  chiefly  of  va 
rious  species  of  fir ;  many  of  the  trees  being  of  enormous  height. 

At  a  distance  from  the  ocean  the  country  is  mountainous,  destitute  of  trees, 
and  much  of  it  barren.  Extensive  prairies  are  found  on  the  west,  as  well  as 
on  the  east  side  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

The  climate,  in  the  mountainous  parts,  is  severe ;  but  near  the  shores  of  the 
Pacific  ocean,  it  is  much  milder  than  in  the  same  latitude  on  the  Atlantic. 

This  country  was  explored  by  Lewis  and  Clark,  in  1805;  and  in  1811,  a 
trading  establishment  was  formed  at  Astoria  by  some  Americans. 


TABLE  exhibiting  the  Seats  of  Government,  the  Times  of  holding  the  Elec 
tion  of  State  Officers,  and  the  Time  of  the  Meeting  of  the  Legislature  of 
the  several  States. 


States. 

Seats  of  Govern 
ment. 

Time  of  holding  Elections. 

Time  of  the  Meeting  of  the 
Legislature. 

Maine 

Augusta 

2d  Monday  in  Sept. 

1st  Wednesday  in  Jan. 

N.  Hampshire 

Concord 

2d  Tuesday  in  March 

1st  Wednesday  in  June 

Vermont 

Montpelier 

1st  Tuesday  in  Sept. 

2d  Thursday  in  Oct. 

Massachusetts 

Boston 

2d  Mond.  in  November 

1st  Wednesday  in  Jan. 

Rhode  Island 

J  Providence, 
/  Newport,  &c. 

Gov.  &  Sen.  in  Ap.  ; 
Rep.  in  Ap.  &  Aug. 

lstWed.May&  in  June 
last  Wed.Oct.  &  in  Jan. 

Connecticut 

Hart  &  N.  Hav. 

1st  Monday  in  April 

1st  Wednesday  in  May 

New  York 

Albany 

In  October  or  Novem. 

1st  Tuesd.  in  January 

New  Jersey 

Trenton 

2d  Tuesday  in  October 

4th  Tuesd.  in  October 

Pennsylvania 

Harrisburg 

2d  Tuesday  in  October 

1st  Tuesday  in  Decem. 

Delaware 

Dover 

2d  Tuesday  in  Novem. 

1st  Tues.  in  Jan.  bienn. 

Maryland 

Annapolis 

1st  Monday  in  October 

last  Monday  in  Decem. 

Virginia 

Richmond 

In  the  month  of  April 

1st  Monday  in  Deeem. 

N.  Carolina 

Raleigh 

Commonly  in  August 

2d  Mond.  in  November 

S.  Carolina 

Columbia 

2d  Monday  in  October 

4th  Monday  in  Novem. 

Georgia 

Milledgeville 

1st  Monday  in  October 

1st  Monday  in  Novem. 

Alabama 

Tuscaloosa 

1st  Monday  in  August 

4th  Monday  in  October 

Mississippi 

Jackson 

1st  Monday  in  August 

1st  Monday  in  Novem. 

Louisiana 

New  Orleans 

1st  Monday  in  July 

1st  Monday  in  January 

Tennessee 

Nashville 

1st  Thursday  in  August 

3d  Mond.  Sept,  bienn. 

Kentucky 

Frankfort 

1st  Monday  in  August 

1st  Monday  in  Novem. 

Ohio 

Columbia 

2d  Tuesday  in  October 

1st  Monday  in  Decem. 

[ndiana 

[ndianapolis 

1st  Monday  in  August 

1st  Monday  in  Decem. 

[llinois 

Vandalia 

1st  Monday  in  August 

1st  Mond.  Dec.  bienn. 

Missouri 

Jefferson  City 

1st  Monday  in  August 

1st  Mond.  Nov.  bienn. 

158 


TABLE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES,  &c. 


TABLE  exhibiting  the  Governor's  Term  and  Salary,  the  Number  of  Sen 
ators  and  Representatives  with  their  respective  Terms  and  Pay,  and 
the  Mode  of  choosing  Electors  of  President  and  Vice-President,  in 
the  several  States. 


s 

e 

o5  ® 

jd 

u 

iiiit 

o 

i 

1 

1 

BS 

11 

jji 

ft 

jlill 

Maine 

1 

1500 

20 

153 

1 

173 

82.00 

Districts 

New  Hampshire 

1 

1200 

12 

i 

229 

1 

236 

2.00 

Gen'l  Ticket 

Vermont* 

1 

750 

none 

230 

1 

230 

1.50 

do. 

Massachusetts')" 

1 

3666f 

40 

i 

481 

521 

2.00 

do. 

Rhode  Island 

1 

400 

10 

i 

72 

i 

82 

1.50 

do. 

Connecticut  :f 

1 

1100 

21 

i 

208 

1 

229 

2.00 

do. 

New  York 

2 

4000 

32 

4 

128 

1 

160 

3.00 

do. 

New  Jersey§ 

1 

2000 

14 

1 

50 

1 

64 

3.00 

do. 

Pennsylvania 

3 

4000 

33 

4 

100 

1 

133 

3.00 

do. 

Delaware 

3 

1333^ 

9 

4 

21 

2 

30 

2.50 

Legislature 

Maryland 

1 

3500 

15 

5 

80 

1 

95 

4.00 

Districts 

Virginia 

3 

3333J 

32 

4 

134 

1 

166 

4.00 

Gen'l  Ticket 

North  Carolina 

1 

2000 

64 

1 

134 

1 

198 

3.00 

do. 

South  Carolina 

2 

3900 

45 

4 

124 

2 

169 

4.00 

Legislature 

Georgia 

2 

3000 

78 

1 

142 

1 

220 

4.00 

Gen'l  Ticket 

Alabama 

2 

2000 

22 

3 

72 

1 

94 

4.00 

do. 

Mississippi 

2 

2500 

11 

3 

36 

1 

47 

3.00 

do. 

Louisiana 

4 

7000 

17 

4 

50 

2 

67 

4.00 

Legislature 

Tennessee 

2 

2000 

20 

2 

60 

2 

80 

4.00 

do. 

Kentucky 

4 

2000 

38 

4 

100 

1 

138 

2.00 

Gen'l  Ticket 

Ohio 

2 

1200 

36 

2 

72 

1 

108 

3.00 

do. 

Indiana 

3 

1000 

23 

3 

62 

1 

85 

2.00 

do. 

Illinois 

4 

1000 

4 

2 

3.00 

do. 

Missouri 

4 

1500 

18 

4 

49 

2 

66 

3.00 

do. 

*  There  is  no  senate  in  the  legislature  of  Vermont ;  but  the  executive  council,  con 
sisting  of  the  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  and  12  counsellors,  elected  by  the  free 
men,  are  empowered  to  lay  before  the  general  assembly  such  business  as  shall  appear 
to  them  necessary ;  also  to  revise  and  propose  amendments  to  the  laws  passed  by  the 
house  of  representatives. 

f  The  number  of  representatives  in  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts  in  1831,  was 
481 ;  but  the  number  is  very  variable. 

|  The  pay  of  the  senators,  in  the  legislature  of  Connecticut,  is  $2  a  day ;  that  of 
the  representatives,  $1.50. 

§  The  upper  house,  which  forms  an  independent  branch  of  the  legislature  of  New 
Jersey,  is  styled  the  "  Legislative  Council." 

||  Three  different  modes  of  choosing  the  electors  of  president  and  vice-president  in 
the  different  states,  are  authorized  by  the  constitution,  viz.  by  the  people  by  districts, 
by  the  people  by  a  general  ticket,  and  by  the  state  legislatures.  The  same  states  have 
not  all  uniformly  adhered  to  the  same  mode ;  and  the  mode  may  be  varied  at  the 
pleasure  of  the  state  legislatures. 


MEXICO. 

MEXICO. 


159 


PYRAMID  OF  CHOLULA. 

MEXICO  is  bounded  north  by  the  United  States  and  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  east  by 
the  United  States,  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  Bay  of  Honduras ;  south  by  Guate 
mala  ;  and  west  by  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

The  chief  cities  are  Mexico,  the  metropolis  and  capital,  Guanaxuato,  Guada- 
laxara,  Puebla>  Oaxaca,  Zacatecas,  Vera  Cruz,  and  Valladolid. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Brazos,  Colorado,  Bravo,  Grande,  Gila,  Colo 
rado  of  the  west,  Buenaventura,  and  Hiaqui. 

Length,  1850  miles ;  breadth,  1,000 :  square  miles,  1,690,000.  Population 
7,000,000 :  by  some  the  population  is  estimated  at  8,000,000. 

The  following  19  independent  states  belong  to  the  Mexican  Republic,  besides 
5  Territories : 

States.  Sq.  miles.  Population. 

Mexico 30,482. . .  .1,100,000. . 

Puebla 18,441 ....    900,000 . . 

Guanaxuato 6,225 600,000 . . 

Michoacan 24,166....    385,000.. 

Jalisco 72,389. . . .     600,000. . 

Zacatecas 17,580 

Oaxaca 32,697 

Yucatan 79,534. . . . 

Tabasco 14,676 

Chiapas 18,750. . . . 

Vera  Cruz 27,660. . . . 

Queretaro 13,482 

San  Luis  Potosi 19,017 

Tamaulipas 35,121 

Durango 54,800 

Chihuahua 107,584 

Sonora  and  Sinaloa 254,705 .... 

New  Leon 21,200 

Coahulia  and  Texas 193,600 

Ter.  of  Santa  Fe 214,800 

Do.  Up.  California 376,344 .... 

Do.  L.  California 57,021 


Capital. 

,  Mexico 

,  Puebla 

,  Guanaxuato 

Valladolid 

Guadalaxara 

230,298 Zacatecas 

600,000 Oaxaca 

450,000 
78,056 
93,750 

156,740 

500,000 


.  Merida 
.  Hermosa 
.  Chiapas 
.  Jalapa 
.  Queretaro 


174,957 San  Luis  Potosi 

166,824 Tamaulipas 

200,000 Durango 

160,000 Chihuahua 

.  Sinaloa 
.  Monterey 
.  Leona  Vicario 
.  Santa  Fe 
.  Monterey 


188,636 
113,419 
125,400 
150,000, 
25,400 


13,419 Loreto 


Totals 1 ,690,304         7,011 ,899 

The  Territories  of  Tlascala  and  Colima  consist  of  those  cities  respectively, 
together  with  a  very  limited  extent  of  contiguous  country. 

The  country  out  of  which  this  republic  has  been  formed,  is  peculiar  as  re- 


160  MEXICO. 

spects  the  features  of  its  geography.  It  extends  from  lat.  15°  50'  to  42°  N. : 
the  intermediate  space  embracing  every  variety  of  soil,  from  the  most  recent 
alluvion  to  mountain  valleys,  or  rather  plains,  of  near  8000  feet  above  the  con 
tiguous  oceans.  These  elevated  plains  are  again  broken  and  decorated  by  col- 
lossal  summits,  rising  from  12  to  upwards  of  17,000  feet. 

In  one  of  those  aerial  valleys,  stands  the  city  of  Mexico,  7,400  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  From  this  difference  of  elevation,  and  from  em 
bracing  such  an  extensive  range  within  and  without  the  tropics,  Mexico  may  be 
considered  as  possessing  every  climate  of  the  earth,  and  capable  of  producing 
every  vegetable  necessary  to  the  wants  or  the  luxuries  of  human  life.  Its  me 
tallic  wealth  is  no  less  abundant  than  its  vegetables.  From  its  bowels  are 
extracted  many  of  the  most  useful,  and  all  the  precious  metals. 

Mexico  is  perhaps  better  calculated  than  any  other  part  of  the  earth,  to  form 
a  political  community  capable  of  producing  within  its  own  limits,  all  that  the 
necessities,  the  arts,  or  elegancies  of  society  can  demand. 

Mexico  has  no  slaves  worth  notice ;  that  class  of  its  population  not  amount 
ing,  at  the  utmost,  to  more  than  10,000 ;  or  as  1  to  584  of  the  entire  body  of 
the  people.  The  civilized  Indians  form  more  than  two-fifths  of  the  whole,  and 
are  the  laboring,  productive,  and  efficient,  though  not  the  ruling  people. 

The  manufactures  of  Mexico  are  said  to  be  very  considerable,  consisting  of 
cotton,  wool,  leather,  tobacco,  gunpowder,  &c. ;  but  as  no  recent  account  has 
been  received  of  them,  a  description  will  be  omitted. 

Every  reader  knows,  that  those  of  the  precious  metals  are  generally 
found  among  mountains ;  and  that  this  is  the  country  of  silver  and 
gold.  The  annual  produce,  in  ordinary  years,  used  seldom  to  fall  below 
§22,000,000  of  silver.  The  gold  is  found  in  little  straw-like  fragments  and 
veins.  The  richest  mine,  in  its  yield  of  native  silver,  is  Bartopilas  in  New 
Biscay.  In  most  of  them,  the  metal  is  extracted  from  red,  black,  muriated  and 
sulphuretted  ores  of  silver.  In  South  America,  the  chief  mines  are  found  on 
the  summits  of  the  Andes,  in  the  regions  of  perpetual  frost  and  ice.  In  Mexico, 
on  the  contrary,  the  richest,  such  as  those  of  Guanaxuato,  Zacatecas,  Tasco, 
and  Real  de  Monte,  are  found  between  5,500  and  6,500  feet  high.  The  climate 
is  delightful,  and  the  vicinity  abounds  with  forests,  and  every  facility  to  work 
the  mines  to  advantage.  A  catalogue  of  the  names  of  50  mines  might  easily 
be  given,  extending  from  Santa  Fe,  at  the  sources  of  the  Rio  del  Norte,  to  the 
Pacific. 

Mexico  has  but  few  good  harbors ;  some  of  the  best  and  most  frequented  are 
Vera  Cruz  and  Tampico  on  the  gulf  of  Mexico ;  and  Acapulco  and  San  Bias 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Vera  Cruz  is  the  port  through  which  most  of  the  com 
merce  between  Mexico  and  Europe  has  been  carried  on. 

In  the  tropical  regions  the  year  is  divided  into  only  two  seasons,  called  the 
rainy  and  the  dry.  The  rainy  season  commences  in  June  or  July,  and  con 
tinues  about  four  months,  till  September  or  October,  when  the  dry  season  com 
mences  and  continues  about  eight  months.  On  the  low  lands  upon  the  coast, 
the  climate  is  hot  and  unhealthy.  On  the  declivity  of  the  Cordillera  at  the 
elevation  of  4  or  5000  feet,  there  reigns  perpetually  a  soft  spring  temperature, 
which  never  varies  more  than  eight  or  nine  degrees.  At  the  elevation  of  7000 
feet,  commences  another  region,  the  mean  temperature  of  which  is  about  60°. 
Mexico  is  in  this  region,  arid  the  thermometer  there  has  been  known  in  a  few 
instances  to  descend  below  the  freezing  point.  It  never  rises  above  75°. 

The  productions  of  this  country  are  as  various  as  its  climate.  In  the  course 
of  a  few  hundred  miles,  you  may  meet  with  almost  all  the  fruits  of  the  temper 
ate  and  torrid  zones.  The  soil  of  the  table  land  is  remarkably  productive. 
Maize  is  far  the  most  important  object  of  agriculture,  and  in  some  places,  from 
two  to  three  harvests  may  be  taken  annually.  Wheat,  rye,  and  barley  are 
extensively  cultivated. 


GUATIMALA.  161 

The  shores  of  the  bays  of  Honduras  and  Campeachy  have  been  long  cele 
brated  for  their  immense  forests  of  logwood  and  mahogany.  A  great  com 
merce  is  carried  on  in  these  articles ;  likewise  in  cocoa  and  cochineal,  which 
are  also  products  of  this  country.  Here  likewise  grow  those  trees  which  pro 
duce  the  balsams  copaiva  and  tolu.  But  what  most  distinguishes  this  country 
are  its  immensely  valuable  mines  of  gold,  silver,  and  precious  stones. 

Its  silver  mines  are  the  richest  in  the  world,  and  have  for  a  long  time  pro 
duced  annually  ten  times  as  much  silver  as  all  the  mines  in  Europe.  Some 
of  these  mines  are  regarded  as  curiosities ;  and  one  of  them  is  excavated  eight 
miles  in  length,  and  1640  feet  in  depth. 

In  1521,  the  Spaniards  under  Cortez  subdued  Mexico,  which  was,  at  that 
time,  under  the  government  of  the  emperor  Montezuma ;  and  in  1821,  the 
Mexicans  declared  themselves  independent  of  Spain. 


GUATIMALA,  OR  CENTRAL  AMERICA. 

GUATIMALA  consists  of  a  long  isthmus,  forming  the  southernmost  part  of 
North  America,  and  lying  between  the  Caribbean  sea  and  the  Pacific  ocean. 
It  was  formerly  subject  to  Spain,  but  was  declared  independent  in  1821 ;  and 
it  has  since  been  named,  from  its  situation,  the  Republic  of  Central  America. 

Volcanoes  are  extremely  numerous,  and  some  of  them  terrific ;  no  less  than 
20  are  in  constant  activity.  The  general  appearance  of  the  soil  is  extremely 
fertile,  and  Guatimala  produces  abundantly  corn,  cochineal,  grapes,  honey, 
wax,,  cotton,  fine  wool,  and  dye-woods.  The  population  has  been  estimated 
at  2,000,000. 

Length  from  north-west  to  south-east,  1000  miles.  The  settled  parts  are 
chiefly  along  the  Pacific  ocean,  and  average  about  100  miles  in  width.  The 
whole  of  Central  America  is  subdivided  into  the  provinces  of  Chiapa,  Vera 
Paz,  Guatimala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  and  Costa  Rica.  The  country  is  exces 
sively  mountainous,  and  volcanoes  are  numerous. 

St.  Juan  is  the  principal  river.  The  chief  towns  are  Guatimala,  the  capital ; 
Nicaragua,  and  Leon.  The  minerals  are  gold  and  silver. 


BRITISH  AMERICA. 

BRITISH  AMERICA  is  a  vast  extent  of  country,  comprehending  all  the  north- 
em  part  of  the  continent,  except  the  Russian  possessions  in  the  north-west, 
and  Greenland  on  the  north-east. 

It  comprises  Lower  Canada,  Upper  Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  and  New  Bruns 
wick  ;  the  islands  of  Newfoundland,  St.  John's,  and  Cape  Breton ;  and  the 
vast  region  of  New  Britain,  or  Hudsonia. 

The  government  of  the  whole  country  is  under  a  governor-general,  whose 
residence  is  at  Quebec  ;  and  each  of  the  provinces  has  a  lieutenant-governor. 

The  established  religion  is  that  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  there  are 
two  bishops,  one  residing  at  Quebec,  and  the  other  at  Halifax ;  but  most  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Lower  Canada  are  Catholics. 


LOWER  CANADA. 

LOWER  CANADA  extends  from  lat.  45°  to  52°  N.,  and  from  long.  14°  E.  to 
3°  30'  W.  from  Washington ;  bounded  S.  by  the  United  States,  W.  by  Upper 


162  LOWER  CANADA. 

Canada,  N.  by  the  territories  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company,  and  E.  by  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence ;  reaching  about  500  miles  from  S.  to  N.,  and  500  from  E. 
to  W.,  with  an  area  of  120,000  square  miles.  It  is  divided  into  four  large  dis 
tricts,  Montreal,  Three  Rivers,  Quebec,  and  Gaspe. 

Lower  Canada  lies  on  both  sides  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  is  separated  from 
Upper  Canada  by  the  Utawas. 

The  great  river  St.  Lawrence  forms  the  most  striking  feature  of  the  country. 
The  other  principal  rivers  are  the  Saguenai,  St.  Maurice,  Chaudiere,  St.  Fran 
cis,  Richelieu  or  Sorel,  and  Utawas.  The  cities  are  Quebec  and  Montreal. 

The  country  is  intersected  by  ridges  of  mountains,  with  fertile  valleys  inter 
vening  ;  but  the  greater  part  is  still  covered  with  forests.  The  most  populous 
part  of  Lower  Canada  consists  of  a  fertile  valley,  mostly  level,  through  the 
middle  of  which  the  St.  Lawrence  flows.  The  climate  is  subject  to  great  ex 
tremes  of  heat  and  cold.  The  winters  are  long  and  severe  :  the  thermometer 
sometimes  rises,  in  summer,  to  100  degrees,  and  sinks,  in  winter,  to  40  below  0. 

In  a  state  of  nature,  Lower  Canada  was  covered  with  an  immense  forest  of 
very  lofty  timber,  much  of  which  yet  remains.  The  settlements  extend  along 
or  near  the  streams,  in  general  where  the  soil  is  most  fertile,  and  means  of 
navigation  most  attainable.  In  the  angle  N.  from  lat.  45°  N.  to  the  St.  Law 
rence  river,  the  soil  is  generally  very  productive,  and  settlements  advancing 
rapidly.  Eastward  of  this  triangle,  to  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  the  country 
is  hilly,  broken,  barren,  and  but  very  thinly  settled.  From  the  Mingan  settle 
ment,  on  the  north  side  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  to  a  short  distance  above 
Quebec,  the  left  shore  of  that  great  stream  is  rocky  and  precipitous.  This 
range  of  hills  leaves  the  river  below  the  mouth  of  St.  Maurice,  and  extends 
towards  the  Utawas,  which  it  intersects  about  120  miles  above  its  junction  with 
the  St.  Lawrence.  A  very  productive  body  of  land  is  inclosed  between  this 
ridge  and  the  respective  rivers.  Beyond  this  latter  tract,  and  the  margin  of 
the  streams,  the  country  to  the  northward  is  but  very  imperfectly  known. 

The  population  of  Lower  Canada  in  1830  was  as  follows : 

District  of  Montreal 287,119 

Quebec 151,167 

"        Three  Rivers 56,279 

Gaspe 1,003 

Total....  495,568 

Lower  Canada  is  favorably  situated  for  commerce.  Some  of  the  principal 
exports  are  fur,  timber,  and  potashes. 

This  country  was  originally  settled  by  the  French,  and  as  many  as  four- 
fifths  of  the  present  inhabitants  are  descendants  of  that  nation.  They  live  in 
great  simplicity,  resembling  a  European  peasantry ;  are  polite  and  peaceable, 
but  possessed  of  little  enterprise,  and  their  education  is  too  generally  neglected. 

Their  houses  are  built  of  stone  and  plastered ;  are  made  extremely  warm  by 
means  of  stoves ;  but  are  seldom  of  more  than  one  story,  except  in  the  towns. 

The  government  is  in  the  hands  of  a  governor,  Heutenant-gcT^rnor,  execu 
tive  council,  who  are  appointed  by  the  king,  and  a  house  of  assembly,  who  are 
representatives  of  the  people.  The  prevailing  religion  is  Roman  Catholic ;  of 
-his  persuasion  there  is  a  bishop  of  Quebec,  a  coadjutor,  with  the  title  of  bishop 
of  Salde,  nine  vicars  general,  and  about  200  curates  and  missionaries,  spread 
over  the  different  districts  of  the  province.  The  revenues  of  the  Catholic  clergy 
are  derived  in  part  from  grants  made  of  land  to  them  under  the  ancient  regime. 
The  spiritual  concerns  of  the  Protestants  are  under  the  guidance  of  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  Quebec,  nine  rectors,  and  a  competent  number  of  other  clergymen, 
who  are  supported  in  part  by  annual  stipends  from  the  government,  and  the 
appropriations  of  one-seventh  of  all  granted  lands. 


UPPER  CANADA.  163 


FALLS  OF  MONTMORENCI. 

The  Montmorenci  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence  seven  miles  below  Quebec. 
The  river,  just  above  its  junction  with  the  St.  Lawrence,  after  passing  through 
a  wild  and  thickly  wooded  country,  over  a  bed  of  barren  rocks,  with  precipi 
tous  brinks  of  lime-stone,  from  200  to  300  feet  in  height,  rushes  down  a  preci 
pice  of  240  feet.  The  cataract  is  almost  perpendicular ;  the  deviation  being 
just  sufficient  to  break  the  water  completely  into  foam  and  spray.  The  width 
of  the  river,  at  the  top  of  the  falls,  is  about  60  feet,  but  the  stream  dilates  in 
descending. 

In  its  fall  the  water  has  the  exact  appearance  of  snow,  when  thrown  in  heaps 
from  the  roof  of  a  house.  The  effect  on  the  beholder  is  most  delightful.  The 
river  at  some  distance  seems  suspended  in  the  air,  in  a  sheet  of  billowy  foam ; 
and  contrasted  with  the  black  frowning  abyss,  into  which  it  falls,  is  an  object 
of  the  highest  interest.  On  a  near  approach,  the  impressions  of  grandeur  and 
sublimity  are  jinely  blended  with  those  of  extraordinary  beauty. 

The  spray  here,  as  at  other  similar  cataracts,  serves  as  a  medium  for  forming 
the  most  beautiful  rainbows.  In  the  winter  the  spray  freezes,  and  forms  a 
^regular  cone,  of  sometimes  100  feet  in  height,  standing  immediately  at  the  bot 
tom  of  the  cataract. 


UPPER  CANADA. 

UPPER  CANADA  is  bounded  N.  by  the  territory  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com 
pany  ;  N.  E.  and  E.  by  Lower  Canada ;  S.  E.  and  S.  by  the  United  States ; 
on  the  W.  and  N.  W.  no  limits  have  been  assigned  to  it. 

In  1830  it  contained  the  following  districts  and  population  : — 

Gore 23,552 

Home 32,871 

Western 9,970 

Niagara 21,974 

London 26,180 

Newcastle 16,498 

Midland 36,322 

Ottawa 4,456 

Bathurst 20,113 

Eastern 11,168 

Johnstown 21,961 

Total .234,865 

These  districts  are  subdivided  into  counties,  and  the  counties  into  townships 
These  townships  are  laid  out  principally  along  the  banks  of  the  St.  Law- 


104  UPPER  CANADA. 

rence,  Lake  Ontario,  Lake  Erie,  and  Lake  St.  Glair,  and  extend  back  for  a 
distance,  varying  from  40  to  50  miles.  The  soil  throughout  is  scarcely  excelled 
by  any  portion  of  North  America.  In  the  rear  of  the  townships  are  large 
tracts  of  land  stretching  far  to  the  north,  covered  with  immense  forests,  and 
little  known  except  to  the  Indians  ;  but  it  has  been  ascertained  that  there  am 
many  large  tracts  of  rich  soil.  The  climate  is  salubrious.  The  winters  are 
shorter  and  milder  than  in  Lower  Canada.  The  spring  opens  usually  from  six 
weeks  to  two  months  earlier  than  at  Quebec.  The  population  of  Upper  Canada 
has  increased  with  great  rapidity.  In  1783,  it  did  not  exceed  10,000  souls. 
In  1814,  it  was  95,000;  and  in  1830,  234,865. 

For  the  defence  of  the  Canadas,  a  regular  military  establishment  is  main 
tained  by  the  British  government,  amounting  in  common  to  between  20,000  and 
30,000  men.  This  force  is  stationed  at  various  points  along  the  great  line  of 
the  St.  Lawrence. 

There  are  two  large  canals  in  Upper  Canada ;  Welland  Canal,  connecting 
lakes  Erie  and  Ontario,  41  miles  long ;  and  Rideau  Canal,  connecting  lake 
Ontario  with  the  river  Utawas,  160  miles  long. 

The  Welland  Canal  commences  near  the  mouth  of  Grand  river  on  Lake  Erie, 
40  miles  north-west  of  Buffalo.  It  connects  Lake  Erie  and  Lake  Ontario  by 
canal  navigation,  overcoming  all  the  descent  of  Niagara  Falls  and  Niagara 
river  between  the  two  lakes.  It  admits  vessels  of  125  tons,  being  wider  and 
deeper  than  any  other  canal  in  the  country,  except  the  Delaware  and  Chesa 
peake.  The  elevation  overcome  by  the  locks  is  320  feet.  The  canal  required 
prodigious  excavations,  in  some  places  through  solid  stone.  The  "Ravine 
Locks"  are  said  to  be  the  most  striking  canal  spectacle  to  be  seen  in  America. 
Climate  of  The  extremes  of  heat  and  cold  are  astonishing;  Fahrenheit's  ther- 
thecanadasmometer  in  the  months  of  July  and  August,  rising  to  100°,  and  yet 
in  winter  the  mercury  generally  freezes.  Changes  of  weather,  how 
ever,  are  less  frequent,  and  the  seasons  more  regular  than  in  the  United  States. 
Snow  not  unfrequently  begins  to  fall  in  October,  and  increases  in  November ; 
in  December  the  clouds  are  generally  dissolved,  and  the  sky  assumes  a  bright 
hue,  continuing  for  weeks  without  a  single  cloud. 

Here,  however,  winter  is  the  season  for  amusement,  and  the  sledges  drawn 
by  one  or  two  horses,  afford  a  speedy  and  pleasant  conveyance  in  travelling  ; 
but  on  going  abroad,  all  parts  of  the  body,  except  the  eyes,  must  be  thickly 
covered  with  furs. 

In  May  the  thaw  comes  on  suddenly,  and  in  its  progress  the  ice  on  the  river 
St.  Lawrence  bursts  with  the  noise  of  cannon,  and  passes  towards  the  ocean 
with  tremendous  rapidity  and  violence.  The  progress  of  vegetation  is  aston 
ishing.  Spring  has  scarcely  appeared  before  it  is  succeeded  by  summer.  In 
a  few  days  the  trees  regain  their  foliage,  and  the  fields  are  clothed  with  the 
richest  verdure.  September,  generally,  is  one  of  the  most  agreeable  months. 

The  Canadian  horses  are  mostly  small  and  heavy ;  but  very  brisk  on  the 
road,  travelling  at  the  rate  of  8  or  9  miles  an  hour.  The  calash,  a  sort  of  one 
horse  chaise,  capable  of  holding  two  persons  and  a  driver,  is  the  carriage  most 
generally  in  use. 

The  Canadians  have  a  species  of  large  dogs  which  are  used  in  drawing 
burdens.  They  are  yoked  into  little  carts  :  in  this  way  people  frequently  go 
to  market.  Sometimes  they  perform  long  journeys  in  the  winter  season,  on 
the  snow,  by  half  a  dozen  or  more  of  these  animals  yoked  into  a  cariole  or 
sledge. 

The  river  St.  Lawrence  is  the  only  channel,  by  which  the  commodities  of 
these  two  provinces  have  hitherto  found  their  way  to  the  ocean.  The  principal 
exports  consist  of  oak  and  pine  timber,  deals,  masts,  and  bowsprits,  spars  of  all 
denominations,  staves,  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  peltry,  wheat,  flour,  biscuit,  Indian 
corn,  pulse,  salt  provisions,  fish,  and  other  miscellaneous  articles,  which  employ 


UPPER  CANADA.  165 

generally  about  150,000  tons  of  shipping.  In  return  for  these  are  imported, 
wines,  rum,  sugar,  molasses,  coffee,  tobacco,  salt,  coals,  and  manufactured 
produce  from  Great  Britain. 

The  government  of  Upper  Canada  is  administered  by  a  lieutenant-governor, 
(who  is  almost  always  a  military  officer,)  a  legislative  council,  an  executive 
council,  and  a  house  of  assembly.  The  legislative  council  consists  of  not  less 
than  7  members,  of  which  the  chief  justice  of  the  province  is  president,  and 
wherein  the  bishop  of  Quebec  has  a  seat ;  the  members  are  appointed  by  man 
damus  from  the  king,  and  hold  their  seats,  under  certain  restrictions,  for  life. 
The  executive  council  is  composed  of  6  members  ;  the  chief  justice  is  president, 
and  the  bishop  of  Quebec  likewise  has  a  seat  in  it.  The  house  of  assembly  is 
composed  of  25  members,  who  are  returned  from  the  23  counties ;  the  dura 
tion  of  the  assembly  is  limited  to  4  years.  The  civil  and  criminal  law  is  ad 
ministered  by  a  chief  justice  and  two  puisne  judges.  There  is  a  court  of  king's 
bench,  common  pleas,  and  a  court  of  appeal.  The  expense  of  the  civil  list  is 
defrayed  by  Great  Britain. 


FALLS  OF  NIAGARA. 

The  Falls  of  Niagara  are  esteemed  the  grandest  object  of  the  kind  in  the 
world.  Though  there  are  other  falls  which  have  a  greater  perpendicular 
descent,  yet  there  is  none  in  the  known  world  where  so  great  a  mass  of  water 
is  precipitated  from  so  great  a  height. 

The  distance  of  the  falls  above  Lake  Ontario  is  14  miles,  and  below  Lake 
Erie  23  miles  on  the  New  York  side,  and  21  on  the  Canada  side.  At  the  dis 
tance  of  a  mile  and  three-quarters  above  the  falls,  the  river  begins  to  descend 
with  a  rapid  and  powerful  current.  At  the  falls,  it  turns  with  a  right  angle  to 
the  north-east,  and  is  suddenly  contracted  in  width,  from  three  miles  to  three- 
fourths  of  a  mile.  Below  the  cataract,  the  river  is  only  half  a  mile  wide,  but 
its  depth  is  said  to  exceed  300  feet.  The  descent  within  1 0  miles  is  about  300 
feet,  and  from  Lake  Erie  to  Lake  Ontario  334  feet.  The  agitation  and  rapid 
current  continue  about  8  miles  below  the  cataract,  nearly  to  Queenstown,  and 
the  river  does  not  become  sufficiently  calm  to  admit  of  navigation  till  it  reaches 
that  place.  Below  the  falls,  it  is  inclosed  in  perpendicular  banks  300  feet 
high.  The  best  single  view  of  the  cataract  is  that  from  Table  Rock,  on  the 
Canada  side;  the  best  view  of  the  rapids  is  from  Goat  Island,  which  is  con 
nected  with  the  eastern  shore  by  a  bridge. 

The  precipice  over  which  the  river  descends,  is  formed  by  the  brow  of  a  vast 
bed'  of  lime.  The  perpendicular  descent,  according  to  the  measurement  of 
Major  Prescot,  is  151  feet.  The  descent  is  perpendicular,  except  that  rocks 
are  hollowed  underneath  the  surface,  particularly  on  the  western  side.  The 
cataract  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  Goat,  or  Iris  Island,  which  occupies  one- 
fifth  or  one-sixth  of  the  whole  breadth.  The  principal  channel  is  on  the  west 
ern  side,  and  is  called  the  Horse-shoe  Fall,  from  its  shape.  The  eastern  chan- 


166  UPPER  CANADA. 

nel  is  divided  by  another  small  island.  The  descent  on  the  eastern  side  is 
stated  at  162  feet,  being  greater  than  on  the  western,  but  the  water  is  more 
hollow.  The  quantity  of  water  discharged  in  an  hour,  is  computed  at  about 
100,000,000  tons. 

The  noise  of  the  falls  resembles  the  hoarse  roar  of  the  ocean ;  being  much 
graver,  or  less  shrill  than  that  of  smaller  cataracts.  It  is  not  unfrequently 
heard  at  York,  50  miles  distant.  When  two  persons  stand  very  near  each 
other,  they  can  mutually  hear  their  ordinary  conversation  ;  when  removed  to 
a  small  distance,  they  are  obliged  to  halloo,  and  when  removed  a  little  farther, 
they  cannot  be  heard  at  all.  Every  sound  is  drowned  in  the  tempest  of  noise 
made  by  the  water ;  and  all  else  in  the  regions  of  nature  appears  to  be  dumb. 
The  noise  is  a  vast  thunder,  filling  the  heavens,  shaking  the  earth,  and  leaving 
the  mind,  although  perfectly  conscious  of  safety  and  affected  with  a  sense  of 
grandeur  only,  lost  and  astonished,  swelling  with  emotions  which  engross  all 
its  faculties,  and  mock  the  power  of  utterance. 

A  large  majestic  cloud  of  vapor  rises  without  intermission  from  the  whole 
breadth  of  the  river  below  ;  and  ascending  with  a  slow  solemn  progress,  partly 
spreads  itself  down  the  stream  by  an  arching  and  wonderfully  magnificent 
motion  ;  and  partly  mounts  to  heaven,  blown  into  every  wild  fantastical  form  ; 
when  separated  into  smaller  clouds,  it  successively  floats  away  through  the 
atmosphere.  This  cloud  is  said  to  be  visible  at  the  distance  of  60  or  70  miles. 

"  In  the  mist  produced  by  all  cataracts,"  observes  Dr.  Dwight,  from  whom 
this  account  is  chiefly  extracted,  "  rainbows  are  ordinarily  seen  in  proper  posi 
tions  when  the  sun  shines ;  always,  indeed,  unless  when  the  vapor  is  too  rare. 
Twice,  while  we  were  here,  the  sun  broke  through  the  clouds,  and  lighted  up  in 
a  moment  the  most  lucid  rainbow  that  I  ever  beheld.  In  each  instance  the 
phenomenon  continued  a  long  time,  and  left  us  in  perfect  leisure  to  enjoy  its 
splendors.  It  commenced  near  the  precipice,  and  extended,  so  far  as  I  was 
able  to  judge,  at  least  a  mile  down  the  river.  In  one  respect,  both  these  rain- 
bows  differed  widely  from  all  others  which  I  had  seen.  The  red,  orange,  and 
yellow  were  so  vivid,  as  to  excite  in  our  whole  company  strong  emotions  of 
surprise  and  pleasure,  while  the  green,  blue,  indigo,  and  violet,  were  certainly 
not  more  brilliant  than  those  which  are  usually  seen  on  the  bosom  of  a  shower. 

"  The  emotions  excited  by  a  view  of  this  stupendous  scene,  are  unutterable. 
When  the  spectator  casts  his  eye  over  the  long  ranges  of  ragged  cliffs,  which 
form  the  shores  of  this  great  river  below  the  cataract ;  cliffs  150  feet  in  height, 
bordering  it  with  lonely  gloom  and  grandeur,  and  shrouded  everywhere  by 
shaggy  forests ;  when  he  surveys  the  precipice  above,  stretching  with  so  great 
an  amplitude,  rising  to  a  great  height,  and  presenting  at  a  single  view  its  awful 
brow,  with  an  impression  not  a  little  enhanced  by  the  division  which  the  island 
forms  between  the  two  great  branches  of  the  river ;  when  he  contemplates  the 
'enormous  mass  of  water  pouring  from  this  astonishing  height  in  sheets  so  vast, 
and  with  a  force  so  amazing ;  when,  turning  his  eye  to  the  mighty  mass,  and 
listening  to  the  majestic  sound  which  fills  the  heavens,  his  mind  is  overwhelmed 
by  thoughts  too  great,  and  by  impressions  too  powerful,  to  permit  the  current 
of  the  intellect  to  flow  with  serenity.  The  disturbance  of  his  mind  resembles 
that  of  the  waters  beneath  him.  His  bosom  swells  with  emotions  never  before 
felt ;  his  thoughts  labor  in  a  manner  never  before  known.  The  pleasure  is 
exquisite,  but  violent.  The  conceptions  are  clear  and  strong,  but  rapid  and 
tumultuous.  The  struggle  within  is  discovered  by  the  fixedness  of  his  position, 
the  solemnity  of  his  aspect,  and  the  intense  gaze  of  his  eye.  When  he  moves, 
his  motions  appear  uncontrived.  When  he  is  spoken  to,  he  is  silent ;  or  if  he 
speaks,  his  answers  are  short,  wandering  from  the  subject,  and  indicating  that 
absence  of  mind  which  is  the  result  of  laboring  contemplation." 


NEW  BRITAIN,  NOVA  SCOTIA,  AND  NEW  BRUNSWICK.        167 

NEW  BRUNSWICK. 

BOUNDED  N.  by  Lower'  Canada ;  E.  by  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence :  S.  by 
the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  Nova  Scotia  ;  and  W.  by  the  United  States. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  St.  Johns,  Miramichi  and  Ristigouche.  The 
lands  on  the  rivers,  especially  on  the  St.  John,  are  very  fertile,  and  the  set 
tlements  lie  principally  on  this  river  and  on  the  Miramichi.  Coal  of  a 
superior  quality  is  found  on  the  Grand  Lake  near  St.  John's  river.  The  tract 
of  country  so  prolific  in  gypsum,  commences  in  this  province  at  Martin's 
head  on  the  bay  of  Furidy,  and  extends  east  into  Nova  Scotia.  The  chief 
articles  of  export  are  lumber,  codfish,  salmon,  and  herring.  The  principal 
ports  are  St.  John,  St.  Andrew,  Miramichi,  and  the  West  Isles.  The  province 
is  divided  into  8  counties.  Fredericton  is  the  capital.  St.  John  is  the  largest 
town.  Population  80,000. 

New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia,  in  most  particulars,  are  very  similar, 
^he  face  of  the  country  is  neither  mountainous,  nor  quite  level.  There  are 
several  rivers,  among  which  those  of  Annapolis  and  St.  Johns  are  the  most 
considerable.  The  soil  is,  in  general,  thin  and  barren,  particularly  on  the  coasts. 
In  some  parts  there  are  very  extensive  tracts  of  marsh,  which  are  rich  and 
productive.  Both  the  soil  and  the  climate  are  unfavorable  to  the  cultivation  of 
grain,  and  the  inhabitants  do  not  raise  provision  sufficient  for  their  own  con 
sumption.  The  fisheries,  however,  compensate  in  some  measure  for  the 
sterility  of  the  soil.  The  coast  abounds  with  cod,  salmon,  mackerel,  haddock, 
and  herring.  Their  chief  exports  are  fish  and  lumber.  Coal  is  found  in  Nova 
Scotia ;  and  plaster-of-Paris,  particularly  at  Windsor,  from  whence  large  quan 
tities  are  imported  into  the  United  States. 


NOVA  SCOTIA. 

NOVA  SCOTIA  is  a  large  peninsula,  about  300  miles  long,  and  is  separated 
from  New  Brunswick,  in  part,  by  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 

The  Bay  of  Fundy  is  remarkable  for  its  tides,  which  rise  to  the  height  of  30, 
and  sometimes,  in  the  narrowest  part,  even  to  60  feet.  The  rise  is  so  rapid 
that  cattle  feeding  on  the  shore  are  often  overtaken  and  drowned. 

The  chief  towns  are  Halifax  and  Annapolis.     Population  130,000. 

It  extends  from  Cape  Sable,  its  most  southern  point,  in  lat.  43°  23'  to  49° 
30'  N.,  and  from  60°  15'  to  67°  W.'long. 


NEW  BRITAIN. 

THE  country  lying  round  Hudson's  bay,  or  the  country  of  the  Esquimaux, 
comprehending  Labrador,  New  North  and  South  Wales,  has  obtained  the 
general  name  of  New  Britain,  and  is  attached  to  the  government  of  Lower 
Canada. 

That  part  called  Labrador  is  full  of  frightful  mountains,  many  of  which  are 
of  a  stupendous  height.  The  valleys  present  numerous  lakes,  and  produce 
only  a  few  stunted  trees.  In  the  parallel  of  60°  north  latitude,  all  vegetation 
ceases.  Such  is  the  intenseness  of  the  cold  in  the  winter,  that  brandy  and  even 
quicksilver  freezes  into  a  solid  mass;  rocks  often  burst  with  a  tremendous 
noise,  equal  to  that  of  the  heaviest  artillery.  At  Nain,  Okkak,  and  Hopedale, 
the  Moravian  missionaries  have  settlements. 


168  GREENLAND. 

In  New  North  and  South  Wales  the  face  of  the  country  has  not  quite  the 
same  aspect  of  unconquerable  sterility  as  that  of  Labrador,  and  the  climate, 
although  in  the  same  parallel  of  latitude,  is  a  little  less  rigorous.  But  it  is  only 


INDIAN  VILLAGE. 


the  coasts  of  these  immense  regions  that  are  known,  the  interior  having  never 
yet  been  explored.  The  natives  are  called  Esquimaux.  Some  factories  and 
forts  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  on  the  fur  trade  with  the  Indians,  are  estab 
lished  by  the  Hudson's  Bay  and  North-west  companies. 

The  trade  of  the  former  is  confined  to  the  neighborhood  of  Hudson's  bay  ; 
that  of  the  latter  extends  from  lake  Winnipeg  to  the  Rocky  mountains  and  the 
Frozen  Ocean.  The  North-west  company  is  composed  of  Montreal  merchants. 
The  usual  mode  of  travelling  in  this  country  is  in  birch  bark  canoes.  With 
these  the  inhabitants  pass  up  and  down  the  rivers  and  lakes,  and  when  they 
meet  with  a  rapid,  or  wish  to  pass  from  one  river  to  another,  they  get  out  of 
the  canoe  and  carry  it  on  their  shoulders.  In  this  way,  the  men  engaged  .n 
the  fur  trade  travel  thousands  of  miles,  and  carry  all  their  goods. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Mackenzie,  Nelson,  Saskashawan,  Severn,  and 
Albany. 

The  largest  lakes  are  Winnepeg,  Athapeskow,  Slave  Lake,  and  Great  Bear 
Lake. 


GREENLAND 

WHICH    BELONGS    TO   DENMAKK. 


WHALE  FISHERY. 


GREENLAND,  a  country,  bounded  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  separated  from 
Labrador  on  the  south-west  by  Davis'  straits.  It  is  not  ascertained  whether  it 
is  a  peninsula  or  an  island,  although  the  recent  discoveries  in  the  Polar  regions 


GREENLAND.  169 

render  it  highly  probable  that  it  is  wholly  detached  from  the  continent.  It  ex 
tends  as  far  south  as  Cape  Farewell,  in  lat.  59°  30'  N.  Its  northern  limits  are 
unknown.  The  eastern  coast  is  commonly  called  East  Greenland,  and  the 
western,  West  Greenland,  but  the  whale  fishers  call  the  whole  West  Green 
land,  and  apply  the  name  East  Greenland  to  Spitzbergen  and  the  adjacent 
islands.  Nothing  is  known  of  this  extensive  country,  but  its  coast.  The  in 
terior  is  wholly  inaccessible,  on  account  of  the  everlasting  ice  with  which  its 
mountains  are  covered.  The  eastern  coast  also  has,  for  centuries,  been  cut  off 
from  European  intercourse,  by  the  vast  bodies  of  ice  with  which  its  shores  are 
lined.  The  severity  of  the  climate  forbids  the  growth  of  every  thing  but  a  few 
stinted  trees  and  shrubs.  The  whole  population  does  not  exceed  20,000 ;  and 
they  are  confined  to  the  coast,  deriving  a  miserable  subsistence  from  seals, 
birds,  and  fishes ;  and  are  sometimes  under  the  necessity  of  living  on  sea- weed 
and  train  oil.  The  natives  were  formerly  Pagans,  and  addicted  to  some  cruel 
customs,  but  through  the  instrumentality  of  the  Moravian  missionaries,  they 
have,  to  a  considerable  extent,  been  converted  to  Christianity- 

Icy  Peak,  an  enormous  mass  of  ice,  rises  near  the  mouth  of  a   soit  and 
river,  and  diffuses  such  a  brilliancy  through  the  air,  that  it  is  seen  at    «°untry. 
the  distance  of  more  than  30  miles.   The  country  along  the  sea  shore  presents- 
rugged  masses  of  rock  interspersed  with  huge  blocks  of  ice,  indicating  the 
conflict  of  chaos  and  winter.     The  interior  is  covered  with  a  chain  of'  innu 
merable  mountains,  most  of  which  are  unexplored.   Coal  and  various  minerals 
and  useful  and  beautiful  fossils  have  been  discovered  here. 

Smoke  is  frequently  observed  arising  from  the  crevices  of  marine  ice.  The 
rare  occurrence  of  rain,  the  small  quantity  of  snow,  and  the  intense  degree  of  cold1 
produced  by  the  north-east  wind,  lead  us  to  suppose  that  the  north-east  partis 
of  Greenland  constitute  a  great  Archipelago,  encumbered  with  perpetual  ice 
which  for  many  centuries  has  been  piled  together  by  the  winds  and  currents. 

Hares,  reindeer,  white  bears,  foxes,  and  large  dogs,  that  howl  in-    , 

/.  ,      ,  .  i  i      /-t          i       i         •       i         •          Animals. 

stead  of  barking,  and  are  employed  by  the  Ureenlanders  in  drawing 
their  sledges,  comprise  the  animals  of  this  country.  Immense  flocks  of  sea 
fowl  frequent  the  rivers  and  shores.  The  rivers  abound  in  salmon  and  the  seas 
in  turbots  and  herrings.  It  is  a  curious  fact,  that  those  animals,  whose  blood 
is  of  the  temperature  of  the  sea,  are  found  in  greatest  numbers  under  these  icy 
fields  and  mountains.  The  inhabitants  of  North  Greenland  pursue  the  whale 
— and  those  of  South  Greenland  the  seal.  The  flesh  of  the  animals  is  their 
chief  food.  The  skins  of  the  seals  serve  them  for  clothing,  and  as  tMe  mate 
rial  for  their  boats.  Their  tendons  are  used  for  thread,  their  bladders  as 
bottles,  their  fat  sometimes  as  butter,  and  at  other  times  as  tallow,  and  their 
blood  is  considered  by  the  Greenlander  the  richest  broth. 
The  exports  are  in  value  from  50  to  100,000  rix-dollara. 


W 


17G 


HAIL-ROAD,  ENGINE,  AND  CARRIAGES. 


GEOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY 

OF 

NORTH  AMERICA  AND  THE  WEST  INDIES. 


AAR— ADA 


AARQNSBURG,  t.  Centre  Co.  Pa.,  si 
tuated  about  one  mile  E.  of  Elk  Creek,  which 
unites  with  Penn's  Creek  and  falls  into  the 
Susquehannah,  5  miles  below  Sunbury.  It  is 
40  miles  W.  N.  W.  Sunbury,  160  W.  N.  W. 
Philadelphia,  and  204  miles  from  Washing 
ton  City.  Lat.  49°  53'  N.  Long.  77°  33'  W. 
It  contains  a  German,  Lutheran  and  a  Calvi- 
nistic  church. 

ABBEVILLE,  district  of  S.C.  having  Pen- 
dleton  district  NW.,  Laurens  NE.,  Edgefield 
SE.,  and  the  Savannah  river  SW.  It  is  about 
31  m.  in  length  and  breadth,  having  a  super 
ficies  of  about  1000  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is 
agreeably  variegated  with  hill  and  dale,  and  a 
considerable  part  of  the  soil  is  rich  and  well 
watered.  Pop.  28,134. 

ABBEVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Abbeville  district, 
S.  C. ;  120  W.  Columbia,  from  W.  624  m.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  arsenal,  and 
a  magazine. 

ABBOTSTOWN,  t  York  co.  Pa.;  18  S. 
York,  from  W.  86  m. 

ABINGDON,  t.  Hartford  co,Md.;  1  WSW. 
Hartford,  26  NE.  Baltimore.  Pop.  300.  Cokes- 
bury  College,  a  Methodist  seminary,  was  estab 
lished  in  this  town  in  1785,  but  the  building 
was  burnt  several  years  since,  and  has  not 
been  rebuilt. 

ABINGDON,  t  and  cap.  Washington  co. 
Va.;  320  WSW.  Richmond,  from  W.  404  m. 
Lat.  36°  37'  N.  It  is  a  considerable  town,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  market-house, 
an  academy,  and  a  Presbyterian  church.  Here 
is  a  remarkable  cave. 

ABINGTON,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass. ;  18  S. 
Boston,  20  NW.  Plymouth,  from  W.  452  m. 
Pop.  2,423.  It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  contains 
three  Congregational  meeting-houses. 

ABINGTON,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.;  from  W. 
254m. 

ABINGTON,  t.  Montgomery  co,  Pa.,  11  N 
Philadelphia.  Pop.  1,236. 

ABSECOMBE,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 

ACAPULCO,  or  Los  Rcges,  t.  Mexico,  on 
the  coast  of  the  Pacific  ocean.  Its  port  is  one 
of  the  finest  in  the  world,  and  capable  of  con 
taining  any  number  of  vessels  in  perfect  safety. 
The  principal  trade  of  Acapulco  was  formerly 
with  Manilla,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  to 
which  it  for  a  long  period  sent  out  annually  a 
large  vessel,  called  a  galleon.  The  lading  from 
Acapulco  to  Manilla  generally  consisted  of  silver, 
a  very  small  quantity  of  cochineal  fromOaxaca, 
of  cocoa  from  Guayaquil  and  Caraccas,  wine, 


oil,  and  Spanish  tvool.  The  value  of  the  pre 
cious  metals,  exported  in  a  single  vessel,  in 
cluding  what  is  not  registered,  amounted  in 
general  to  about  £200,000. 

ACADIA,  district,  La.  between  lake  Maure- 
pas  and  the  Mississippi.  Pop.  3,955. 

ACCOM  AC,  co.  Va. ;  bounded  N.Tjy  Mary 
land,  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  Northampton  co. 
and  W.  by  Chesapeake  bay.  Pop.  19,656; 
Slaves,  4,654.  Chief  town,  Drummondtown. 

ACCUSHNET,  r.  Mass,  which  flows  into 
New  Bedford  harbor. 

ACHORSTOWN,  t.  Columbiana  eo.  Ohio; 
from  W.  297  m. 

ACQUASCO,  v.  Prince  George's  co.  Md. ; 
from  W.  38  m. 

ACTON,  t.  Windham  €0.  Vt;  33  SSW. 
Windsor.  Pop.  245. 

ACTON,  t.  Middlesex  -co.  Mass.;  24  NW. 
Boston,  from  W.  458  m.  Pop.  885. 

ACWORTH,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H. ;  6  ESE. 
Charleston,  72  WNW.  Portsmouth  from  W. 
466  m.  Pop.  1,523. 

ADAIR,  co.  Ky.  having  Barren  co.  W. 
Greene  NW.  Casey  NE.  Wayne  and  Pulaski, 
or  Cumberland  r.  and  Wolfer  SE.  and  Cum 
berland  co.  S.  Adair  co.  has  a  mean  length 
and  breadth  of  about  28  m.  area  800  sq.  ms. 
the  face  of  the  country  broken  and  the  soil 
diversified.  Chief  town,  Columbia. 

ADAMS,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H. ;  E.  of  the  White 
mountains ;  90  N.  Portsmouth,  Pop.  244. 

ADAMS,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.;  29  N. 
Lenox,  120  WNW.  Boston,  from  W.  402  m. 
Pop.  1,763.  It  is  a  valuable  township,  and  has 
2  post  villages  5  or  6  miles  apart,  each  con 
taining  a  meeting-house ;  the  north  village  con* 
tains  also  2  cotton  manufactories  ;  and  there 
are  likewise  2  cotton  manufactories  near  the  S. 
village.  There  is  besides  a  Quaker  meeting 
house  in  the  town.  This  place  is  remarkable 
for  a  deep  excavation,  40  rods  in  length,  and, 
in  some  places,  60  feet  deep,  formed  by  Hud 
son's  brook,  in  a  quarry  of  white  marble.  A 
natural  bridge  14  feet  long,  10  feet  broad,  and 
62  feet  high  is  formed  over  this  channel  by  the 
projection  of  rocks. 

ADAMS,  co.  Pa.  having  Frederick  co.  Md. 
S.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  W.  Cumberland  NW.  and 
NE.  and  E.  It  is  about  20  ms.  in  length,  and 
18  wide  ;  area  360  sq.  ms.  Chief  town,  Get 
tysburg.  The  surface  of  this  county  is  ex 
tremely  diversified  with  hill  and  dale.  The 
soil  is  also  of  the  different  qualities  from  the 
worst  to  the  best.  The  whole  co.  is  well  wa 
tered.  Pop.  1820,  19,081 ;  in  1830,  21,379. 


172 


ADA— ALB 


ADAMS,  t.  Darke  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  343. 

ADAMS,  co.  in  the  western  part  of  Illinois. 
Chief  town,  Quincy.  Pop.  2,186. 

ADAMS,  v.  Dauphin  co.  Pa. 

ADAMS,  t.  Hyde  co.  N.  C.  NE.  150  m. 
from  Raleigh. 

ADAMS,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  E.  of  Mus- 
kingum  river.  Pop.  1810,  620 ;  in  1820,  324. 

ADAMS,  t.  of  Washington  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
in  1820,  174 

ADAMS,  co.  Ohio,  having  Brown  W.  High- 
land  and  Pike  N.  Sciota  E.  and  the  Ohio  river 
S.  This  co.  is  about  20  ms.  sq.,  area  about 
400  sq.  ms.  the  surface  much  broken,  the  soil 
in  general  fertile  and  well  watered.  Chief 
town,  West  Union.  Pop.  in  1820, 10,432 ;  in 
'830,12,278. 

ADAMS,  co.  Mis.  bounded  W.  by  the  Mis- 
cissippi  river,  S.  by  Wilkinson  co.  E.  by  Frank 
lin,  and  N.  by  Jefferson  ;  length  40  m.,  mean 
width  about  15 ;  area  600  sq.  ms.  The  face  of 
this  co.  is  diversified  by  hill  and  dale.  Fruits, 
peaches,  some  apples,  and  abundance  of  figs. 
Chief  towns,  Natchez  and  Washington,  Pop. 
in  1820,  12,073,  in  1830, 14,919. 

ADAMSBURG,  v.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 
145  in.  W.  from  Ilarrisburg. 

ADAMSVILLE,  v.  Washington  co.  N.  Y. 
57  m.  N.  from  Albany. 

ADAMSVILLE,  v.  Marlborough  district,  S. 
C.  by  post-road.  106  in.  NE.  from  Columbia. 

ADDISON,  t.  of  Washington  co.  Maine, 
W.  16  m.  from  Machias.  Pop.  in  1820,  519 ; 
in  1830,  741. 

ADDISON,  co.  Vermont,  having  lake  Cham- 
plain  W.,  Chittenden  N.,  Washington  and  Or 
ange  E.,  and  Rutland  S.  Mean  length  25  m. 
mean  breadth  20 ;  area  about  500  sq.  ms. 
Though  not  mountainous,  it  is  finely  variega 
ted  by  hill  and  dale.  Otter  river  flows  through 
this  co.  and  by  its  numerous  branches  affords 
much  fine  land  and  excellent  mill  seats.  Chief 
towns,  Vergennes  and  Middleburg.  Pop.  in 
1820,  20,620 ;  in  1830,  24,940. 

ADDISON,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  S. 
from  Bath.  Pop.  944. 

ADELPHI,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  about  20  m. 
NE.  from  Chillicothe,  from  W.  392  ms. 

AGAWAM,  r.  Mass,  which  runs  into  the 
sea  at  Wareham. 

AGAWAM,  v.  in  the  township  of  W  Spring 
field,  Hampden  co.  Mass,  near  the  entrance  of 
Westfieid  river  into  the  Connecticut,  2  m.  SW. 
from  Springfield  ;  from  W.  366  m. 

AGAWAM,  the  name  of  Westfieid  river 
towards  its  mouth. 

AHPMOOJEENE-GAMOOK  lake,  Maine, 
20  ms.  N.  from  Moosehead  lake. 

AIR,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,179. 

AKANSAS,  see  page  155. 

ALABAMA,  state,  see  page  112. 

ALABAMA,  t.  Monroe  co.  Alabama,  on  Al 
abama  river,  10  m.  below  Fort  Jackson. 

ALABAMA,  r.  in  the  state  of  Alabama,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  Coosa  and  Talla- 
poosa,  and  flowing  SSW.  unites  with  the  Tom- 
bigbee  to  form  Mobile  river,  45  m.  from  the 
head  of  Mobile  Bay.  From  its  mouth  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Cahawba,  210  m.  it  has  4  or  5  feet 


water;  and  from  the  mouth  of  the  Cahawba  to 
the  forks  of  the  Coosa  and  Tallapoosa,  3  feet 
in  the  shallowest  placer.  It  is  navigable  for 
sloops  to  Fort  Claiborne. 

ALABASTER,  or  Eleuthera,  one  of  the  Ba 
hama  islands,  on  the  great  Bahama  bank.  The 
climate  is  healthy.  It  produces  pine-apples  for 
exportation.  There  is  a  small  fort  and  garri 
son  on  the  island.  Long.  76°  22'  to  76°  56'  W. 
Lat.  24°  40'  to  26°  30'  N. 

ALACHUA  SAVANNAH,  in  E.  Florida, 
75  m.  W.  from  St.  Augustine,  50  m.  in  circum 
ference,  without  a  tree  or  bush,  but  is  encircled 
with  hills,  covered  with  forests  and  orange 
groves,  on  a  very  rich  soil.  The  ancient  Ala- 
chua  Indian  town  stood  on  the  borders  of  this 
savannah ;  but  the  Indians  removed  to  Cusco- 
willa,  two  miles  distant,  on  account  of  the  un- 
healthiness  of  the  former  site. 

ALACRANES,  a  long  range  of  hidden 
rocks,  shoals,  and  banks,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
gulf  of  Mexico,  opposite  the  coast  of  Yucatan, 
E.  from  Stone  Bank,  and  W.  from  Cape  St.  An 
tonio.  N.  lat.  23°,  between  89°  and  91°  W. 
long.  Navigators  pass  round  them,  though 
there  are  some  good  channels  and  soundings. 

ALBANY,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  18  m.  NW. 
from  Paris.  Pop.  288. 

ALBANY,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt  40  m.  NNE. 
from  Montpelier. 

ALBANY,  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hudson  r.  Pop. 
53,560.  Chief  town,  Albany. 

ALBANY,  city,  Albany  co.  the  capital  of 
New  York,  and  the  second  town  in  population, 
wealth  and  commerce  in  the  state,  stands  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  150  m.  N.  of  New 
York,  165  W.  of  Boston,  230  S.  of  Montreal, 
and  376  from  W.  N.  lat.  42°  39'.  E.  long.  3° 
17'  from  W.  Most  of  the  ancient  Dutch  build- 
ings,  which  formerly  gave  it  such  a  grotesque 
aspect,  have  disappeared.  It  is  now  neatly 
and  in  some  parts  handsomely  built.  It  con 
tains  10  public  buildings.  The  capital,  built 
upon  the  upper  portion  of  the  city,  has  an  ele 
vated  position.  It  is  115  feet  in  length,  and 
90  in  breadth.  The  academy,  directly  north 
of  it,  is  a  spacious  and  showy  building.  The 
Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Bank  and  the  Alba 
ny  Bank,  at  the  bottom  of  State  street,  are  of 
white  marble.  The  Museum  is  a  handsome 
building  in  South  Market  street.  State  street, 
in  its  whole  length,  is  remarkably  wide,  and 
shows  to  great  advantage.  The  number  of 
churches  is  16,  of  which  6  are  of  stone,  7  of 
brick,  and  3  of  wood.  Three  of  them  are  very 
handsome,  and  others  are  spacious.  Canal 
wharf*  and  quay  are  of  great  length,  and  ex 
hibit  a  striking  show  of  business  and  bustle. 
Few  cities  present  a  more  beautiful  prospect 
than  Albany,  when  seen  from  the  public  square, 
or  the  summit  of  the  capital.  The  city  slopes 
from  the  public  square  to  the  river,  like  the 
sides  of  an  amphitheatre.  Two  or  three  of  its 
noble  mansions  embowered  in  trees,  give  it  the 
appearance  of  having  forests  in  its  limits. 
Sloops  and  steamboats  arrive  here  from  New 
York  in  great  numbers,  and  there  is  seldom  a 
day  in  which  three  or  four  passages  do  not  oi- 
fer,  in  steamboats  departing  to  and  from  New 


ALB— ALE 


173 


York.  Its  canal  communications  with  lake 
Champlain,  the  northern  lakes,  and  the  Ohio 
valley  give  4t  unrivalled  advantages  of  this  sort. 
More  stages  daily  arrive  and  depart  from  this 
city,  than,  any  other  of  the  size  in  the  Union, 
being  more  than  100  daily.  Its  literary,  hu 
mane,  and  religious  institutions  are  of  a  very 
respectable  class,  and  it  issues  6  or  7  periodi 
cal  publications.  Its  population  in  1820  was 
12,630 ;  in  1830, 24,216,  having  nearly  doubled 
its  population  in  ten  years.  A  more  emphatic 
ALBANY  AND 


illustration  of  the  tendency  of  the  canal  system 
could  not  be  given.  There  are  in  the  city  3 
flour  mills,  2  woollen  manufactories,  2  do.  cot 
ton  and  woollen,  1  distillery,  5  breweries,  man 
ufactories  of  oil-cloths,  and  a  very  extensive 
cap  manufactory  which  employs  200  males 
and  450  females  and  pays  $1,800  in  weekly 
wages.  The  business  transacted  in  this  estab 
lishment  amounts  to  several  hundred  thousand 
dollars  a  year.  There  is  a  rail-road  from  Al 
bany  to  Schenectady,  length  14  miles. 

ITS  ENVIRONS. 


(a)  United  States  arsenal. — (b)   Aqueduct. — (c)  Fort's  Ferry. — (d)  Vischer's  Ferry. — 
(e)  Deep  Cut. 


ALBANY,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.  E.  Harrisburg. 
Pop.  995. 

ALBANY,  r.  Nortli  America,  which  falls 
into  James'  bay,  long.  84°  30'  W.  lat.  51°  30' 
N.  runs  NE.  through  a  chain  of  small  lakes, 
from  the  S.  end  of  Winnipeg  lake.  The  Brit 
ish  fort  is  on  the  river,  in  lat.  53°  10'  N. 

ALBANY,  New,  t.  Clarke  co.  In. ;  from  W. 
642  m. ;  a  little  below  Clarksville. 

ALBEMARLE,  co.  central  part  of  Va.; 
bounded  N.  by  Orange  co.  E.  by  Louisa  and 
Fluvanna  cos.  SE.  by  James  r.  SW.  by  Am- 
herst  co.  and  W.  by  Augusta  and  Rockingham 
cos.  Chief  town,  Charlottesville.  Pop.  22,618; 
slaves  11,689. 

ALBEM  ARLE-SOUND,  inlet  of  the  sea,  on 
E.  coast  of  N.  C.  It  extends  into  the  country 
60  m.  and  is  from  4  to  15  wide.  It  receives 
the  waters  of  the  Roanoke  and  the  Chowan. 
Lat.  35°  52'  N, 

ALBERTSON'S,  v.  Duplin  co.  N.C, 

ALBION,  t.  and  cap.  of  Edwards  co.  Illinois, 
40  m.  SW.  from  Vincennes.  It  stands  on  the 
dividing  ridge  between  the  Great  and  Little 
Wabash  rivers,  12  m.  from  the  former  and  6 
from  the  latter,  in  a  dry  and  healthy  situation, 
while  it  is  well  supplied  with  springs  of  water. 
Distance  from  W.  733  m. 

ALBION,  v.  Edwards  co.  Illinois. 


ALBURG,  t  Grand  Isle  co.  Vt.  on  N.  end 
of  the  island  of  North  Hero,  in  lake  Champlain ; 
40  m.  N.  from  Burlington,  from  W.  555  m.  It 
is  a  port  of  entry.  Pop.  1,239. 

ALDIE,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va. ;  from  W.  35  m. 

ALEXANDER,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
765. 

ALEXANDER,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  6  m. 
S.  from  Batavia. 

ALEXANDER,  co.  Illinois,  at  the  angle  be 
tween  Mississippi  and  Ohio  rivers.  Chief  town, 
America.  Pop.  1,390. 

ALEXANDERS,  v.  York  district,  S.  C.; 
from  W.  441  m. 

ALEXANDERVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
Ohio,  on  Miami  r.  7  m.  below  Dayton. 

ALEXANDRIA,  t.  Graflon  co.  N.  H.  13  m. 
SSE.  from  Plymouth.  Pop.  1,083. 

ALEXANDRIA,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  Delaware ;  15  m.  SE.  from  Easton. 

ALEXANDRIA,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. ;  8 
m,  from  Huntingdon,  192  m.  WNW.  from 
Philadelphia,  from  W.  162  m. 

ALEXANDRIA,  t.  in  the  parish  of  Rapide, 
Louisiana,  on  Red  River,  120  m.  from  its 
mouth,  70  from  Natchitoch.es,  and  about  100 
from  Natchez,  St.  Francisville,  and  Point  Cou- 
pee ;  about  180  m.  in  a  direct  line,  and  344  by 
water,  WNW.  from  New  Orleans,  from  W 


174 


ALE— ALL 


1246  m.  Lut.  31°  15'  N.  It  is  situated  in  a 
fertile  valley,  at  the  point  of  intersection  of  all 
the  great  roads  of  the  western  district  of  Lou 
isiana.  It  is  settled  almost  wholly  by  Ameri 
cans,  and  is  a  place  of  increasing  importance. 

ALEXANDRIA,  New,  i.  Westmoreland  co. 
Pa. ;  from  W.  201  m. 

ALEXANDRIA,  co.  District  of  Columbia. 
Pop.  9,608 ;  chief  town,  Alexandria. 

ALEXANDRIA,  city,  and  port  of  entry,  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Potomac,  6  m.  S.  of  Washington.  The  pub 
lic  buildings  are  a  court-house,  and  G  churches, 
viz.  2  for  Presbyterians,  2  for  Episcopalians,  1 
for  Quakers,  and  1  for  Roman  Catholics.  It 
has  a  commodious  harbor,  sufficiently  deep  for 
the  largest  ships.  The  streets  are  regular  and 
squares  rectangular.  The  progress  of  this  neat 
and  anciont  town  has  been  for  a  long  time  al 
most  stationary.  It  is  expected  that  the  Ohio 
and  Chesapeake  canal,  with  which  it  is  con 
nected,  will  communicate  to  it  a  new  impulse 
of  prosperity.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,216 ;  in  1830, 
8,221. 

ALEXANDRIA,  t  Washington  co.  Maine, 
30  m.  N.  of  Machias. 

ALEXANDRIA,  t.  Campbell  co.  Ky. 

ALEXANDRIA,  t  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Ohio  river,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Scioto,  which 
separates  it  from  Portsmouth,  45  m.  S.  from 
Chillicothe. 

ALEXANDRIAN  A,  t.  Mecklenburg  co.  N. 
C,  157  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

ALFORD,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. ;  15  m. 
SSW.  from  Lenox,  125  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
512. 

ALFORDSVILLE,  v.  Robcson  co.  N.  C. ; 
from  W.  387  m. 

ALFORDSTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Moore  co. 
N.C.  about  30  m.  WNW.  from  Fayettcville. 

ALFRED,  t.  Prescott  co.  U.  C.  on  Ottawa  r. 

ALFRED,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  SE. 
from  Angelica.  Pop.  1,701. 

ALFRED,  t.  York  co.  Maine;  24  m.  N.  from 
York,  88  N.  by  E.  from  Boston,  86  from  Au 
gusta,  and  513  from  W.  Pop.  1,453  It  con 
tains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  a  Congrega 
tional  meeting-house.  The  courts  of  the  county 
are  held  alternately  here  and  at  York.  There 
is  in  the  township  a  village  of  Shakers. 

ALFRED,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.;  10  m.  SE. 
from  Angelica.  Pop.  273. 

ALLAN'S  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
into  the  Genesee,  in  Caledonia.  Length  40  m. 

ALLEGHANY,  co.  SW.  part  of  N.  Y. ; 
bounded  N.  by  Genesee  and  Ontario  cos.,  E. 
by  Steuben  Co.,  S.  by  Pennsylvania,  and  W. 
by  Cataraugus  co.  Pop.  26,218.  Chief  town, 
Angelica. 

ALLEGHANY,  co.  W.  part  of  Pa.  bound 
ed  N.  by  Butler  co.,  E.  by  Westmoreland  co., 
S.  and  SW.  by  Washington  co.,  and  NW.  by 
Beaver  co.  Pop.  37,984.  Chief  town,  Pitts- 
burg. 

ALLEGHANY,  t.  Cambria  co.  Pa.  W. 
from  Harrisburg.  Pop.  947. 

ALLEGHANY,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  W. 
from  Harrisburg.  Pop.  773. 


ALLEGHANY,  t.  Venango  co.  Pa.  N.  W. 
from  Harrisburg.  Pop.  671. 

ALLEGHANY,  t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa,  W, 
from  Harrisburg.  Pop.  1,413. 

ALLEGHANY,  t.  Westmoreland  co,  Pa, 
Pop.  1,388. 

ALLEGHANY  t,  Somerset  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
372. 

ALLEGHAKY,  co.  Md.  the  NW  end  of 
the  state,  on  Potomac  river.  Chief  town, 
Cumberland.  Pop.  10,602. 

ALLEGHANY,  mountains,  U.  S.  com 
mence  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  and  running 
NE.  nearly  parallel  with  the  coast  of  the  At 
lantic  ocean,  at  the  distance  of  250  miles,  pass 
through  N.  Carolina,  Virginia,  Maryland, 
Pennsylvania,  to  New  York.  They  divide 
the  waters  which  flow  into  the  Atlantic  from 
those  which  flow  into  the  Mississippi. 

ALLEGHANY,  r.  rises  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  runs  first  NW.  into  New  York,  and 
then  by  a  bend  to  the  SW.  again  enters 
Pennsylvania,  and  at  Pittsburg  unites  with 
the  Monongahela  to  form  the  Ohio.  It  is  a 
steady  stream,  and  navigable  for  keel-boats  of 
10  tons  to  Hamilton,  260  m.  above  Pittsburg. 

ALLEMAND,  r.  which  falls  into  the  Mis 
sissippi,  from  the  SE.  43  m.  S.  from  Natchez. 

ALLEN'S  FERRY,  v.  Harrison  co.  Indi- 
ana. 

ALLEN'S  FRESH,  v.  Charles  co.  Md.  43 
m.  S.  from  Washington,  on  Wicomico  river. 

ALLENS,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  near  Har 
risburg.  Pop.  2,995. 

ALLEN,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,847. 

ALLEN,  co.  Kentucky;  having  Ten.  S. 
Warren,  SW.  NW.  and  N.  and  Barren  E. 
Its  form  is  elliptical,  extending  over  about 
500  sq.  ms.  Chief  town,  Scottsville.  Pop. 
6,486. 

ALLEN,  co.  Ohio,  having  Mercer  and 
Vanvert  W.,  Putnam  N.,  Hartlin  E.  and  Lo 
gan  and  Shelby  S.  It  extends  about  23  m. 
from  N.  to  S.  with  a  width  of  22  m.  from  E. 
to  W.  area  500  sq.  ms.  Pop.  578. 

ALLENSTOWN,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  II. 

10  m.  SE.  from  Concord,  and  25  NW.  from 
Exeter. 

ALLENSTOWN,  t.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 

11  m.  E.  from  Trenton. 
ALLENTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Lehigh  co.  Pa. 

on  Lehigh  river.  52  m.  NNW.  from  Phila 
delphia,  18  m.  SW.  from  Easton,  and  6  m. 
from  Bethlehem.  It  it  beautifully  situated  on 
an  elevation  in  the  midst  of  a  well  cultivated 
pleasant  country.  It  contains,  besides  the 
county  buildings,  a  bank,  printing  office, 
several  dry  goods  stores,  and  a  number  of 
merchant  mills.  The  principal  staple,  flour. 
Distance  from  Washington  178  ms. 

ALLENSVILLE,  v.  Mifllin  co.  Pa. 

ALLENSVILLE,  v.  Warren  co.  Ten. 

ALLENTOWN,  v.  Montgomery  co.  (N. 
C.)  S.  W.  from  Raleigh. 

ALLEY,  t.  Queens  co.  N.  Y. 

ALLOW  AY  CREEK,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J. 

ALLOW  AY,  r.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  runs  into 
the  Delaware. 


ALL— AMII 


175 


ALL-SAINTS,  islands  near  Cuadaloupc,  in 
the  W.  Indies. 

ALL-SAINTS,  parish,  Georgetown  district, 
S.C. 

ALLUVIAL. WAY,  or  Ridge-Road,  ridge, 
lying  along  the  S.  shore  of  lake  Ontario,  at 
the  distance  of  from  G  to  10  m.  Its  general 
width  is  from  4  to  8  rods,  and  it  is  raised  in 
the  middle  with  a  handsome  crowning  arch, 
from  6  to  10  feet.  A  road  is  opened  upon  it 
from  Lewiston  to  Genesee  river,  a  distance  of 
87  miles.  It  is  a  grand  work  of  nature,  and 
esteemed  a  great  curiosity. 

ALNA,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine;  10  m.  N. 
of  Wiscasset,  190  m.  from  Boston. 

ALSACE,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

ALSACE,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.  on  E.  side  of  the 
Schuylkill.  Pop.  1,275. 

ALSTEAD,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.;  8  m. 
NE.  from  Walpolc,  14  m.  N.  from  Keene,  82 
m.  WNW.  from  Portsmouth,  460  m.  from 
Washington.  Pop.  1,694.  It  is  a  valuable  ag 
ricultural  town,  and  contains  a  paper-mill,  an 
oil-mill,  and  3  houses  of  public  worship,  2  for 
Congregationalists,  and  one  for  Baptists. 

ALSTON,  t  N.  C.  on  Little  river,  not  far 
from  the  sea;  20  m.  W.  from  Brunswick. 
Lon.  78°  35'  W.  Lat.  33°  54'  N. 

ALTAMAHA,  navigable  river,  Georgia, 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Oakmulgec 
and  Oconcc.  After  the  junction,  the  Alta- 
inaha  becomes  a  large  river,  flowing  with  a 
gentle  current  through  forests  and  plains 
upwards  of  100  miles,  and  runs  into  St. 
Simon's  sound  by  several  mouths,  60  m.  SW. 
from  Savannah.  Its  length  to  its  source  is 
about  500  m. 

ALTAMAHA,  t.  Georgia,  at  the  union  of 
the  Oconee  and  Oakmulgee.  Lon.  83.  W. 
Lat.  33.  54.  N. 

ALTON,  t.  StrafFord  co.  N.  H.;  S.  from 
lake  Winnipiseogee ;  33  m.  NW.  from  Ports 
mouth.  Pop.  1,279. 

ALTON,  t.  Madison  co.  Illinois,  on  the 
Mississippi,  3  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Missouri.  It  is  recently  established,  and 
regularly  laid  out.  Near  it  there  is  a  coaJ 
mine. 

ALUM  CREEK,  r.  Ohio.  It  is  the  west 
erly  branch  of  the  Big  Walnut,  which,  after 
a  course  of  about  35  miles,  it  joins  in  SE. 
part  of  Franklin  co. 

AM  AP  ALL  A,  t.  Mexico,  in  Nicaragua,  on 
a  point  of  land  running  into  the  Pacific,  12 
m  from  San  Miguel. 

AMAPALLA,  large  gulf  on  the  W.  coast 
of  America,  between  Guatimala  and  Nicara 
gua;  nearly  60  m  in  length,  and  from  9  to 
30  m.  in  breadth .-  also  called  the  Gulf  of  Fon- 
seca.  100  m.  NW.  from  Leon.  Lon.  88°  56 
W.  Lat.  13°  30'  N. 

AMANDA,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio.   Pop.  836 

AMBER,  v.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. ;  5  m.  from 

Otis,  393  m.  from  Washington. 

AMBOY,  or  Perth  Amboy,  city,  and  s-p 
Middlesex  co.  N.  J.,  at  the  head  of  Raritan 
bay,  on  a  point  of  land  formed  by  the  unioi 
of  the  river  Rarifan  with  Arthur  Kull  Sound 
35  m,  SW:  from  New  York,  74  m,  NE.  from 


hiladelphia,  210  in.  from  Washington.  Lat. 
4<P  30'.  It  has  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the 
continent. 

AMBOY  SOUTH,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J. 
tt  the  mouth  of  Raritan  river,  opposite  Perth 
Amboy. 

AMELIA,  co.  Va.  in  the  SE.  part  of  the 
state.  Pop.  11,031,  of  whom  7,518  are  slaves. 
The  C.  H.  is  47  m.  from  Richmond,  and  16» 
from  Washington. 

AMELIA,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  on  the  coast 
of  E.  Florida,  7  leagues  N.  from  St.  Augus 
tine,  at  the  mouth  of  St.  Mary's  river.  Lat. 
30°  28'  N.  It  is  13  m.  long  and  2  broad, 
~hief  town,  Fernandina. 

AMELIASBURG,  t.  Prince  Edwards  co. 
Upper  Canada,  on  the  bay  of  Quinti,  SW. 
from  Kingston. 

AMENIA,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  24  m. 
NE.  from  Poughkeepsie.  Here  is  a  marble 
quarry.  Pop.  2,389. 

AMERICA,  t.  and  cap.  Alexander  co.  Illi 
nois,  on  the  Ohio  r.  7  m.  from  its  junction 
with  the  Mississippi. 

AMES,  v.  Athens  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  NE.  from 
Athens. 

AMESBURY,  t.  in  Essex  co.  Mass.,  about 
4  m.  from  Ncwburyport,  and  50  m.  NE.  from 
Boston-  It  is  a  flourishing  place,  being  situ 
ated  on  a  navigable  river.  Pop.  2,445. 

AMHERST,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  8  m. 
NE.  from  Northampton,  85  W.  from  Boston. 
In  1821,  a  college  was  established  here.  It  is 
now  in  a  flourishing  condition ;  it  has  7  pro 
fessors,  3  tutors,  and  200  students.  The  an 
nual  expenses  of  a  student  are  from  90  to  118 
dollars,  including  college  bills  and  board. 

AMHERST  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  E.  end 
of  lake  Ontario. 

AMHERST,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. ;  30 
m.  S.  from  Concord,  48  m.  NW.  from  Boston 
60  m.  W.  from  Portsmouth,  and  484  m.  from 
Washington.  Lat.  42°  54'  N.  Pop.  1,657. 
In  the  central  part  of  Amherst  there  is  a 
pleasant  plain  on  which  a  handsome  village  is 
built,  containing  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  Con 
gregational  meeting-house,  a  printing-office, 
cotton  and  woollen  manufactories,  valuable 
mills,  &c.  The  Souhcgan  flows  through  the 
southern  part  of  the  town.  The  courts  for 
the  county  are  held  alternately  here  and  at 
Hopkinton. 

AMHERST,  co.  of  Va.  having  the  Blue 
Ridge,  or  Rockbridge,  NW.,  Nelson  NE., 
James  river,  or  Buckingham  and  Campbell, 
SE.,  James  river,  or  Bedford,  SW.  Pop. 
12,072,  of  whom  5,927  are  slaves.  The  C. 
H.  is  136  m.  from  Richmond,  and  180  from 
Washington. 

AMHERST  SPRINGS,  v.  Amherst  co.  Va. 
124  m.  W.  from  Richmond. 

AMHERSTBURG,  or  Maiden,  t.  and  cap. 
Essex  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  Detroit  r.  3  m. 
above  its  entrance  into  lake  Erie,  and  14  be 
low  Detroit.  It  has  about  150  houses,  and  a 
good  harbor,  with  anchorage  in  3£  fathoms. 

AMHERST,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Chignecto  bay,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
rivers  La  rkncli,  Napan,  and  Macon. 


176 


AMI— AND 


AMISSVILLE,  v.  Culpeper  co.  Va.  86  m. 
W.  from  Washington. 

AMITE,  co.  Mississippi,  on  Amito  r.  Chief 
town,  Liberty.  Pop.  7,943. 

AMITE,  r.  Mississippi,  runs  into  the  Iber- 
ville  40  m.  above  its  entrance  into  lake  Mau- 
repas.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  nearly  to  iis 
source. 

AMITY,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

AMITY,  v.  Washington  co.  Pa. 

AMITY,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

AMMONOOSUC,  (Lower,)  r.  N.  H.  which 
rises  in  the  White  Mountains,  and  runs  into 
the  Connecticut,  in  Bath.  Length  about  50 
miles. 

AMMONOOSUC,  (Upper,)  r.  N.  H.  which 
runs  into  the  Connecticut,  in  Northumber 
land.  Length  50  miles. 

AMOSKEAG  FALLS,  on  the  Merrimack, 
in  N.  H. ;  7  miles  below  Hookset  Falls  and 
15  below  Concord,  between  Goffstown  and 
Manchester.  The  water  falls  48  feet  in  the 
course  of  half  a  mile.  These  falls  are  shunned 
by  a  canal. 

AMSTERDAM,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 
on  N.  side  of  the  Mohawk ;  30  m.  NW.  from 
Albany,  and  392  m.  from  Washington.  Pop. 
3,354.  This  town  contains  valuable  mills  and 
manufactures  of  iron. 

AMWELL,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. ;  E.  the 
Delaware ;  34  NNE.  from  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  5,777.  Here  is  an  academy. 

AMWELL,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.;  SE. 
from  Washington.  Pop.  1,673. 

ANCRAM,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.,  on  An- 
cram  creek,  about  20  m.  SE.  from  Hudson. 
Here  are  extensive  iron  works,  at  which  are 
made  large  quantities  of  excellent  iron.  The 
ore  is  principally  obtained  from  Salisbury  in 
Connecticut.  A  lead  mine  is  also  found  here. 

ANCRAM  CREEK,  r.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. 
which  runs  into  the  Hudson,  opposite  Catskill. 

ANASTASIA,  isl.  off  the  E.  coast  of 
Florida,  opposite  the  city  of  St.  Augustine. 
It  is  about  25  miles  long,  and  is  separated 
from  the  main  land  by  an  arm  of  the  sea 
called  Matanzas  river.  It  contains  quarries 
of  freestone.  Lon.  81°  36'  W.  lat.  29°  49'  N. 

ANCASTER,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Upper  Canada, 
SW.  York. 

ANCHOR  POINT,  NW.  coast  of  Amer 
ica,  on  the  E.  side  of  Cooke's  inlet.  Lon. 
208°  48'  E.  Lat.  59°  39'  N. 

ANCOCUS  CREEK,  N.  J.  falls  into  the 
Delaware,  6  m.  SW.  Burlington.  It  is  navi 
gable  16  miles. 

ANDALUSIA,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  96  m.  from 
Harrisburg. 

ANDERSON,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

ANDERSON,  co.  East  Tennessee,  on 
Clinch  r.  NW.  Knoxville.  Chief  town,  Clin 
ton.  Pop.  4,668.  Slaves,  349.  Engaged  in 
agriculture,  1,310 ;  in  commerce,  4. 

ANDERSON,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,122. 

ANDERSON'S  ISLAND,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America.  Lon.1673  40'  W.  Lat.  63° 
10' N, 


ANDERSON'S-STORE,  v.  Caswell  co.  N. 
C.  56  m.  NW.  Raleigh. 

ANDERSON'S,  r.  Indiana,  runs  into  the 
Ohio  below  Troy. 

ANDERSONVILLE,  v.  Edgefield  district, 
S  C 

ANDERSONVILLE,  v.  Hancock  co.  Mis- 

ANDOVER,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine.  Pop.  368. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on 
the  Merrimack,  18  m.  NW  from  Concord. 
Pop.  1,642.  It  contains  a  printing-press, 
several  mills  and  manufactures.  In  1818,  a 
legacy  of  $10,000  was  bequeathed  by  Mr. 
Joseph  Noyes  for  the  establishment  of  an 
academy  in  this  town. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  20  m.  SW. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  957. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Sussex  co.  New  York,  30 
m.  N.  from  Trenton,  40  m.  WNW.  from  New 
York. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  20  m.  N.  from 
Boston ;  1 6  WNW.  from  Salem ;  and  20  W.  from 
Newburyport.  Pop.  4,540.  It  is  an  opulent  agri 
cultural  town,  and  contains  two  large  parishes. 
The  south  parish  has  a  number  of  manufac 
turing  establishments.  The  theological  semi 
nary  in  this  place  is  richly  endowed.  Its 
buildings  comprise  four  dwelling  houses  for 
the  officers,  and  three  spacious  public  edifices. 
The  library  contains  over  5,000  volumes,  and 
there  are  four  theological  professors.  The 
number  of  students  ranges  from  120  to  150. 

Phillips'  Academy  in  this  town  is  the  most 
flourishing  academy  in  the  state.  It  was 
founded  in  1778,  by  the  Hon.  Samuel  Phillips, 
Esq.  of  Andover,  and  his  brother,  the  Hon. 
John  Phillips,  LL.  D.  of  Exeter.  Its  officers 
are  a  principal,  3  assistants,  a  teacher  of 
sacred  music,  and  a  writing  master.  The 
number  of  students  ranges  from  120  to  150. 
The  institution  is  accommodated  with  a  large 
and  commodious  brick  building,  80  feet  by  40, 
erected  in  1818,  on  a  range  with  the  buildings 
of  the  theological  seminary.  The  theological 
seminary  was  founded  in  1808,  and  has  been 
riclily  endowed,  entirely  by  private  bounty. 
The  whole  amount  of  what  has  been  con 
tributed  for  permanent  use  in  this  seminary, 
including  the  permanent  funds,  library  and 
public  buildings,  is  more  than  three  hundred 
and  Jifty  thousand  dollars,  and  this  has  been, 
contributed  almost  entirely  from  six  families. 
The  buildings  are  on  a  lofty  eminence,  and 
command  an  extensive  prospect  A  majority 
of  the  students  are  supported  in  whole  or  in 
part  by  charity.  The  academy  and  the  the 
ological  seminary  are  under  the  same  board 
of  trustees. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Tolland  co.  Connecticut,  15 
m.  E.  from  Hartford. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.;  10  m.  S. 
from  Newton,  18  NW.  from  Morristown.  It 
is  famous  for  its  iron  works. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.  21  m. 
from  Concord.  Pop.  1324. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  68  m,  S 
Montpelicr.  Pop.  975. 


AND— ANT 


177 


ANDOVER,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  285  m. 
W.  Albany.  Pop.  598. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  200  m. 
NE.  of  Columbus. 

ANDREWS,  St.,  a  seaport  town  of  New 
Brunswick,  at  the  entrance  of  Passamaquoddy 
river. 

ANDREWS-BRIDGE,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
38  m.  SE,  Harrisburg. 

ANDROSCOGGIN,  or  Ameriscoggin,  r. 
which  rises  from  Umbagog  Lake,  N.  H.  It 
has  a  course  of  about  40  m.  in  N.  H.  and 
after  a  course  of  about  100  m.  in  SW.  part  of 
Maine,  flows  into  the  Kcnnebeck,  which  it 
joins  18  m.  from  the  sea,  at  Merrymeeting 
Bay,  6  m.  above  Bath, 

ANDROSCOGGIN,  Little,  r.  Maine,  which 
flows  into  the  Androscoggin  N.  of  Poland. 

ANGELICA,  t.  and  cap.  Alleghany  co. 
N.  Y. ;  E.  of  the  Genesee ;  40  W.  Bath,  285 
W.  Albany,  W.  337.  Pop.  998. 

ANGOLA,  v.  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  291  m.  W. 
Albany. 

ANGUILLA,  or  Snake  Island,  the  most 
northerly  of  the  English  Leeward  Islands  in  the 
West  Indies.  It  is  30  m.  long  and  3  broad, 
winding  somewhat  in  the  manner  of  a  snake, 
and  is  60  m.  NW.  of  St.  Christopher.  Long 
62°  35'  W.  lat.  18°  15'  N.  One  of  the  Bahama 
Islands  is  also  called  Anguilla. 

ANN,  St.,  a  town  of  New  Brunswick,  situ 
ate  on  the  river  St.  John  nearly  opposite  to 
Fredericton,  and  80  m.  above  the  city  of  St 
John.  Also  the  name  of  a  lake  in  Upper 
Canada,  to  the  N.  of  Lake  Superior. 

ANNAPOLIS,  formerly  Severn,  city  and 
port  of  entry,  Anne  Arundel  co.  Md.,  on  the 
SW.  side  of  the  Severn,  2  m.  from  its  mouth : 
28  SSE.  Baltimore,  40  ENE.  from  W.  Long 
763  48'  W.  lat.  39°  0'  N.  Pop.  about  2,623 
It  is  the  seat  of  the  state  government,  is  a 
pleasant  and  healthy  town,  and  contains  a 
spacious  and  elegant  state-house,  a  market 
house,  a  theatre,  a  bank,  and  two  houses  of 
public  worship,  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for 
Methodists.  The  streets  converge  to  the  state 
house  and  to  the  Episcopal  church,  as  two 
centres.  Two  newspapers,  are  published  here 
The  flourishing  state  of  Baltimore  has  injurec 
the  trade  of  this  city. 

St.  John's  College,  a  Roman  Catholic  insti 
tution,  incorporated  in  1782,  was  for  some 
years  in  operation  in  this  city ;  but  a  few  years 
ago,  it  was  deprived  of  its  funds  by  the  legis 
lature.  The  instruction  has  been  discon 
tinued. 

ANNAPOLIS,  a  sea-port  of  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  It  has 
one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  the  world;  but  the 
entrance  is  through  a  difficult  strait,  called  the 
Gut  of  Annapolis.  The  town  stands  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  harbor,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river 
of  its  name,  86  m.  W.  by  N.  of  Halifax.  Lon 
64°  55'  W.  lat.  44°  50'  N. 

ANNAPOLIS,  v.  Salem  township,  Jefferson 
co.  Ohio,  135  m.  NE.  Columbus. 

ANNE  ARUNDEL,  a  county  of  Maryland, 
on  the  western  shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay 
Pop.  2.8,295.  Annapoli*  is  the  chief  town. 


ANN  BOOR,  v.  Maury  co.  Tenn.;  782  m. 
rom  W. 

ANN,  Cape,  a  point  of  land  which  forms  the 
S".  side  of  Massachusetts  Bay.  Two  light- 
louses  on  an  island  at  the  extremity  of  this 
Cape  are  in  N.  lat.  42°  40.'  W.  long.  70°  38'. 

ANN,  Fort,  a  town  in  Washington  co.  N. 
Y.  between  the  North  river  and  Lake  Cham- 
plain.  Pop.  3,201. 

ANNSVILLE,  v.  Dinwiddie  co.  Va.  54  m. 
3.  of  Richmond. 

ANSON,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  bor 
dering  on  South  Carolina,  and  bounded  on  the 
NE.  by  the  Yadkin  river.  Pop.  14,081.  Wades- 
borough,  142  m.  SW.  by  W.  of  Raleigh,  is  the 
hief  town. 

ANSON,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  on  the  Ken- 
nebec  river.  Pop.  1,532. 

ANTAUGA,  a  county  of  Alabama  on  the 
river  Alabama.  Washington  is  the  chief 
town.  Pop.  11,872. 

ANTHONY'S,  or  St.  Anthony's  Nose,  pro 
montory  in  New  York,  E.  of  the  Hudson : 
1,128  feet  high  ;  52  N.  New- York,  6  S.  West 
Point  It  is  877  feet  above  the  river. 

ANTHONY,  St.,  Falls  of,  on  the  Missis 
sippi  river,  in  N.  lat.  45°  W.  long.  93°,  being 
more  than  2,000  m.  above  the  entrance  of  the 
river  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  There  is  a  fort 
in  the  Missouri  Territory,  on  the  point  of 
land  formed  by  the  St.  Peter's  river,  which 
river  falls  into  the  Mississippi  just  below  the 
Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

ANTHONY'S  KILL,  r.  N.  Y.  which  rises 
in  Ballston,  and  runs  into  the  Hudson,.  8  N. 
from  Waterford. 

ANTICOSTI,  an  island  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  90  m.  long  and  20  broad. 
It  is  full  of  rocks,  covered  with  wood1,  and  has 
no  harbor ;  but  excellent  cod  is  found  on  the 
shores. 

ANTIETAM,  a  small  tributary  of 'the  Po 
tomac,  running  into  it  near  Shepardstown. 

ANTIGUA,  one  of  the  English  Leeward 
Islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  about  20  m.  in 
length  and  breadth,  and  60  E.  by  S.  of  St. 
Christopher.  It  is  destitute  of  water,  and  the 
inhabitants  are  obliged  to  save  the  rain-water 
in  cisterns.  The  chief  produce  is  sugar,  of 
which  it  annually  produces  about  10,000  hogs 
heads.  It  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1782, 
but  restored  in  1783.  The  capital  is  St 
John. 

ANTILLES,  the  name  which  the  French 
give  to  the  Caribbee  or  West  India  islands, 
which  see. 

ANTONIO  DE  BEHAR,  San,  the  capital 
of  Texas,  on  the  San  Antonio  river.  It  is  a 
village  composed  of  mud  cabins  covered'  with 
turf. 

ANTRIM,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. ;  21 
m.  NW.  Amherst,  30  WSW.  Concord,  75  W. 
Portsmouth,  469  from  W.  Pop.  1,309. 

ANTRIM,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Conecocheague,  iind  borders  on  Mary 
land. 

ANTRIM,  Crawford  co.  Ohio. 

ANTWERP,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.;  180 
m,  NW,  Albany,  474  from  W.  Pop.  2,412. 


178 


ANY— ASC 


ANVIL,  t.  Lebanon  co.  Pa. 

ANVILLE,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.;  about  55 
in.  WWW.  Philadelphia,  130  from  W. 

APALACHIAN  MOUNTAINS,  the  name 
given  to  the  immense  chain  extending  along 
the  whole  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States, 
from  Alabama  to  Maine.  In  the  southern 
states  they  are  200  m.  from  the  sea,  but  as 
they  extend  northward  approach  near  the  coast. 
They  run  generally  in  parallel  ridges,  and  their 
various  divisions  go  by  different  names.  These 
arc  the  Cumberland  Mountains  of  Tennessee, 
the  Blue  Mountains  of  Virginia,  the  Alleghany 
and  Laurel  Mountains  of  Pennsylvania,  the 
Catskill  Mountains  of  New  York,  the  Green 

ountains  of  Vermont,  and  the  White  Moun- 

ins  of  New  Hampshire.  They  are  some 
times  broken  into  groups  and  isolated  chains. 
Their  highest  summits  are  in  New  Hampshire ; 
and  are  between  6  and  7,000  ft.  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  East  of  the  Hudson  they  are  grani 
tic.  In  the  W.  and  S.  they  consist  of  granite, 
gneiss,  miea  and  clay  slate,  primitive  lime 
stone,  &c.  Their  name  in  the  language  of 
the  Indians  signifies  endless. 

APALACHICOLA,  a  river  of  North  Ameri 
ca,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Chatahooche 
and  Flint,  at  an  old  Indian  fort  of  the  same 
name  on  the  south  confines  of  Georgia,  and 
thence  flows  between  West  and  East  Florida 
into  Apalache  Bay,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
east  of  Cape  Blaize. 

APOQUINIMINK,  r.  Newcastle  co.  Dela 
ware,  which  runs  E.  into  Delaware  Bay,  3  in. 
below  Reedy  Island. 

APOQUINIMINK.  See  CcmtweWs  Bridge. 

APOQUINIMINK,  hundred,  on  S.  side  of 
Newcastle  co.  Delaware. 

APULIA,  v.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  129  m. 
W.  Albany. 

APPLETON,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.     Pop.  735. 

APPLING,  a  county  of  Georgia,  in  the  SE. 
part  of  the  state,  upon  the  Altamaha.  Pop. 
1,468. 

APPLINGVILLE,  the  chief  town  of  Co 
lumbia  co.  Gecv.  93  m.  from  Milledgevillc. 

APPOMATOX,  r.  Virginia,  which  rises  in 
Campbell  co.,  and  after  an  easterly  course  of 
about  120  m.  unites  with  James  river  at  City 
Point.  It  is  navigable  to  Petersburg. 

AQUACKANOCK,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
Passaic;  10  m.  above  Newark,  226  from  W. 
It  is  a  very  pleasant  village.  The  Passaic  is 
navigable  to  this  place  for  small  schooners. 

AQUIA,  t.  Stafford  co.  Va.  on  Aquia  creek, 

m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Potomac ;  42 
m.  from  W.  At  this  place,  and  in  the  vicinity 
on  Aquia  creek,  are  found  extensive  quarries 
of  freestone,  of  which  the  Capitol  at  Washing 
ton  and  the  President's  House  were  built. 

AQUIA  CREEK,  r.  Stafford  co.  Virginia, 
which  flows  SE.,  and  joins  the  Potomac,  14  m. 
NE.  Fredericksburg,  54  below  W. 

AQUIA  RUN  MILLS,  v.  Stafford  co.  Va.; 
48  m.  from  W. 

ARARAT,  mt.  Pa.  in  Luzcrne  and  Wayne 
counties.  It  is  15  rn.  long. 

ARARAT,  or  Pilot  Mountain,  N.  C.  on 
N.  side  the  Yudkin,  and  E.  the  river  Ararat,  9 


m.  NW.  Bethania.  It  is  about  a  mile  in  height, 
and  rises  in  the  form  of  a  pyramid,  with  an 
area  of  an  acre  at  top,  on  which  is  a  rock  300 
feet  high.  From  the  summit  of  this  rock  there 
is  an  extensive,  variegated,  and  delightful  pros 
pect. 

ARBELA,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  45  m.  E.  of 
Hanisburg. 

ARCHER,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio. 

ARGYLE,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.    Pop.  326. 

ARGYLE,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on  E. 
side  of  the  Hudson ;  45  m.  N.  Albany,  403  m. 
from  W.  Pop.  3,459.  There  are  two  post 
villages,  at  each  of  which  there  is  a  Presbyte 
rian  meeting-house.  Bog  ore  in  great  quanti 
ties  is  found  in  this  town. 

ARKANSAS  TERRITORY.    See  p.  155. 

ARKANSAS,  or  Arkansaw,  or  Akansas,  r. 
Louisiana,  which  rises  in  the  Rocky  Moun 
tains,  about  N.  lat.  42°rnear  the  sources  of  the 
Del  Norte,  and  unites  with  the  Mississippi, 
lat.  33°  40'  N.  Its  course  is  ESE,  It  is  navi 
gable  1,980  m.;  its  whole  length  is  2,170  m. 
Its  channel  is  broad,  and  its  navigation  safe, 
unobstructed  by  rocks,  shoals  or  rapids.  Sil 
ver  is  found  on  the  upper  parts  of  tins  river,  and 
much  of  the  land  on  its  banks  is  of  the  fiist 
quality. 

ARKPORT,  v.  in  Canisteo,  Steuben  co.  N. 
Y.,  on  the  Canisteo;  25  m.  SW.  Bath,  323  m. 
from  W. 

ARLINGTON,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  40  m. 
from  Troy,  Saratoga  Springs,  Whitehall  and 
Rutland.  Pop.  1,207.  It  has  quarries  of  mar 
ble  and  lime-stone,  and  a  mineral  spring. 

ARMAGH,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa. ;  W.  160  m 
Harrisburg. 

ARMAGH,  t.  Mifflin  ox  Pa. 

ARMOND,  St.,  a  town  of  Lower  Canada  at 
the  N.  end  of  Lake  Champlain. 

ARMSTRONG,  co.  Pa.,  watered  by  the 
Allcghany;  bounded  N.  by  Venango  co.,  E. 
by  Jefferson  and  Indiana  cos.,  SW.  by  West 
moreland  COM  and  W.  by  Butler  co.  Pop. 
17,625.  Chief  town,  Kittanning. 

ARMSTRONG,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa. 

ARNOLD,  t.  York  co.  Maine ;  533  m. 
fromW. 

ARNOLD'S  OLD  PLACE,  v.  Fauquier 
co.  Va. ;  56  m.  from  W. 

AROOSTIC,  r.  which  rises  in  Maine,  runs 
ESE.,  and  joins  the  St.  Johns  on  the  western 
border  of  New  Brunswick,  in  lat.  42°  5'  N.  It 
is  navigable  for  boats  40  m. 

ARUNDELT  t  York  co.  Maine,  on  the  sea 
coast ;  21  NE.  York,  86  NNE.  Boston. 

ASBURY,  v.  Warren  eo.  N.  J.  34  m.  NW. 
Trenton. 

ASCENSION,  a  parish  in  the  eastern  dis 
trict  of  Louisiana,  upon  the  Mississippi.  The 
soil  is  rich,  and  produces  sugar  and  cotton. 
DonaMson,  75  rn.  from  New  Orleans,  is  the 
chief  town.  Pop.  of  the  parish,  5,400. 

ASCUTNEY,  mt.  Vt.  between  Windsor  and 
Weathcrsfield.  The  summit  is  5  m.  W.  of  the 
Connecticut,  and  5  SW.  Windsor  village.  Ac 
cording  to~Ca.pt.  Partridge  it  is  2,903  feet  above 
the  river  at  Windsor  bridge,  and  3,320  above 
the  sea.  The  summit  is  composed  of  granite, 


ASH— ATK 


179 


and  the  prospect  from  the  top  is  very  beauti 
ful. 

ASHBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Randolph  co. 
N.  C.  on  Deep  river ;  42  m.  E.  Salisbury,  85 
W.  Raleigh ;  362  from  W. 

ASHBURNHAM,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
29  rn.  N.  Worcester,  55  NW.  Boston  ;  462  from 
W.  Pop.  1,403.  There  are  2  mountains  in 
this  township,  Great  and  Little  Wetatick.  The 
former  lies  in  NE.  part  of  the  town,  the  latter 
SW.  of  it 

ASHBY,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.;  31  m. 
N.  Worcester,  53  NW.  Boston ;  484  from  W. 
Pop.  1,240. 

ASHFIELD,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.;  11  m, 
SW.  Greenfield,  105  W.  Boston,  410  from  W. 
Pop.  1,732. 

ASHFORD,  t  Windham  co.  Ct ;  15  m.  N. 
Windham,  29  ENE.  Hartford,  369  from  W. 
Pop.  2,668. 

ASHFORD,  New,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. ; 
20  m.  N.  Lenox,  121  W.  Boston. 

ASHLAND,  t.  Montgomery  township,  Rich- 
land  co.  Ohio,  90  m.  from  Columbus. 

ASHLEY,  r.  S.  C.  which  rises  in  N.  part 
Charleston  district,  runs  SSE.  and  unites  with 
the  Cooper,  on  SW.  side  of  the  city  of  Charles 
ton. 

ASHTABULA,  a  county  at  the  NE.  ex 
tremity  of  Ohio,  bordering  on  Lake  Erie.  Pop. 
14,584.  Jefferson  is  the  chief  town. 

ASHTABULA,  t.  in  the  above  county,  on 
Lake  Erie,  200  in.  from  Columbus.  It  has  a 
good  harbor,  and  is  a  flourishing  town. 

.ASHTABULA,  a  stream  of  Ohio,  about  30 
m.  in  length,  running  into  Lake  Erie. 

ASHTON,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.,  on  Chester 
creek.  Pop.  765. 

ASHUELOT,  mt.  N.  II.,  in  Winchester 
and  Swansey. 

ASHUELOT,  or  Ashwillet,  r.  N.  H.,  which 
runs  SW.  into  the  Connecticut,  in  Hinsdale. 

ASHVILLE,  v.  Buncombe  co.  N.  C. ;  520 
m.  from  W. 

ASSAQUIN  CREEK,  r.  Virginia,  which 
runs  into  York  river,  between  Hanover  and 
New  Kent  counties. 

ASSINIBOINS,  or  Asseneloyne,  a  river  of 
North  America,  falling  into  the  SW.  end  of 
Lake  Winnipeg ;  the  North-west  Fur  Trading 
Company  have  a  house  on  the  south  bank  of 
the  river,  about  15  in.  above  its  entrance  into 
the  lake. 

ASSONET,  v.  Bristol  co.  in  the  township  of 
Freetown,  Mass. ;  on  E.  side  of  Taunton  river ; 
8  m.  S.  Taunton,  30  S.  Boston,  446  from  W. 

ASSUMPTION,  t.  and  settlement,  La- 
fourche ;  50  m.  S.  Baton  Rouge,  1,351  from  W 
Pop.  5,400. 

ASTORIA,  settlement,  on  W.  coast  of  N. 
America,  on  S.  side  of  the  Columbia,  near  its 
mouth.  It  was  formed  about  3  years  since  on 
account  of  the  fur  trade. 

ASYLUM,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa,  on  the  Sus- 
quehannah;  59  m.  NW.  Wilkesbarre,  284 
from  W. 

ATCHAFALAYA,  an  outlet  of  the  Missis 
sippi,  which  it  leaves  3  m.  below  the  junction 
of  the  Red  river ;  and  after  a  course  of  193  m. 


it  flows  into  a  bay  of  the  same  name.  Lon. 
91°  20'  W.  lat.  29°  20'  N. 

ATHAPESCOW,  a  lake  in  the  N.  part  of 
British  America,  discharging  its  waters  into 
Slave  Lake.  It  is  200  m.  long. 

ATHENS,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine;  20  m. 
NNE.  Norridgewock.  Pop,  1,200. 

ATHENS,  t  Windham  co.  Vt. ;  26  m.  SSE. 
Windsor.  Pop.  415. 

ATHENS,  t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  bank 
of  the  Hudson,  opposite  Hudson  city ;  28  m. 
S.  Albany,  335  from  W.  Pop.  2,425.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  flourishing  town,  and  has  some 
manufactures  and  considerable  trade. 

ATHENS,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  125  m.  E, 
Columbus, 

ATHENS,  t.  Bradford  co.  Pa.,  at  the  con 
flux  of  the  Tioga  and  Susquehannah,  304  m. 
fromW. 

ATHENS,  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  9,763. 

ATHENS,  t.  and  cap.  Athens  co.  Ohio :  41 
m.  W.  from  Marietta,  52  m.  E.  from  Chillico- 
the,  and  347  m.  from  Washington.  Lon.  182° 
T  W.  Lat.  39°  23'  N.  It  is  situated  on  an 
elevated  peninsula,  formed  by  a  large  bend  of 
the  Hockhocking,  which  meanders  about  the 
town.  The  situation  is  pleasant  and  healthy, 
and  commands  an  extensive  prospect.  It  con 
tains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  about  40 
houses,  and  has  valuable  mills  in  its  vicinity. 
— An  institution  is  established  here,  sty  led  the 
Ohio  University,  which  is  endowed  with 
46,000  acres  of  land,  yielding  about  2,300 
dollars  annually.  A  considerable  part  of  this 
is  appropriated  to  the  support  of  an  academy, 
which  is  in  a  flourishing  state.  A  college  edi 
fice  of  brick,  large  and  elegant,  was  erected 
in  1817. 

ATHENS,  t.  Limestone  oo.  Alabama.  It 
is  situated  between  Huntsville  and  the  Muscle 
Shoals,  in  a  central  part  of  the  county,  and  is 
the  present  seat  of  justice. 

ATHENS,  t.  Clarke  co.  Georgia ;  7  m.  N. 
from  Watkinsville,  94  m.  WNW.  from  Au 
gusta,  and  197  m.  NW.  from  Savannah.  Lat. 
35°  15'  N.  Pop.  1,100.  It  has  an  elevated, 
pleasant,  and  healthy  situation.  A  weekly 
newspaper  is  published  here.  Franklin  College, 
which,  together  with  the  incorporated  acade 
mies  of  the  state,  is  styled  the  University  of 
Georgia,  was  incorporated  and  established  at 
this  place  in  1784,  but  did  not  go  into  opera 
tion  till  1803.  The  faculty  consists  of  a 
president  and  six  professors.  The  libraries 
contain  4,500  vols.  The  students  in  1831 
were  95. 

ATHOL,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass,  on  Miller's 
river;  33  m.  NW.  from  Worcester,  72  m. 
WNW.  from  Boston,  and  429  m.  from  Wash 
ington.  Pop.  1,325.  It  is  watered  by  Miller's 
river,  and  contains  manufactories  of  cotton 
and  paper. 

ATHOL,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side 
of  the  Hudson,  N.  of  Hadley,  and  81  m.  N. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  909. 

ATKINSON,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  20 
m.  WNW.  from  Newburyport,  29  SW.  from 
Portsmouth,  and  483  from  W.  Here  is  a  re 
spectable  academy. 


180 


ATS— AVO 


ATSION,  a  village  in  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 
30  m.  E.  by  S.  from  Philadelphia,  It  contains 
several  iron  founderies. 

ATTAKAPAS,  t  Attakapas  district,  Louis 
iana;  1,412  m.  from  W. 

ATTAKAPAS,  district,  Louisiana,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  W.  of  the  Atchafalaya. 

ATTICA,  t  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. :  20  m.  S. 
from  Batavia,  and  440  m.  from  Washington. 
Pop.  2,485. 

ATTLEBOROUGH,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.; 
15  m  WNW.  from  Taunton,  28  m.  SW  from 
Boston,  and  428  m.  from  Washington.  Lon. 
71°  21'  W.  Lat.  42°  N.  Pop.  3,215.  It  con 
tains  several  cotton  and  woollen  factories. 

ATTLEBOROUGH,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.;  4 
m.  NW.  from  Bristol,  and  163  m.  from  Wash 
ington. 

ATTLEBURY,  t  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  352 
m.  from  Washington. 

ATWATER,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio ;  140  m. 
NE.  of  Columbus. 

AUBURN,  t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 

AUBURN,  two  towns,  in  Geauga  and  Rich- 
land  counties,  Ohio. 

AUBURN,  t  the  chief  town  in  Cayuga  co, 
N,  Y.  169  m.  W.  from  Albany.  It  contains 
a  theological  seminary  and  the  N.  York  State 
Prison.  Pop.  4,486. 

AUGLAIZE,  r.  a  branch  of  the  Maumee, 
Ohio, 

AUGUSTA,  L  and  cap.  Kennebeck  co, 
Maine,  on  W.  bank  of  the  Kennebeck ;  2  m. 
N.  from  Hallowcll,  56  m.  NNE.  from  Port 
land,  168  m.  NE.  from  Boston,  and  612  from 
Washington.  Pop.  3,980.  It  is  a  pleasant 
town,  and  contains  a  court-liouse,  a  jail,  a 
female  academy,  a  Congregational  meeting 
house,  a  printing-office,  a  bank,  and  has  con 
siderable  trade.  Here  is  an  elegant  bridge 
across  the  Kennebeck,  consisting  of  two 
arches,  each  180  feet.  The  river  is  navigable 
to  this  place  for  vessels  of  100  tons. 

AUGUSTA,  t.  Saratoga  «o.  N.  Y.,  formed 
in  1817  from  a  part  of  Halfmoon. 

AUGUSTA,  t  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.;  12  m 
SW.  from  Utica,  and  409  m.  from  Washing 
ton.  Pop.  3,058. 

AUGUSTA,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.;  224  m 
from  Washington. 

AUGUSTA,  t.  Northumberland  Co.  Pa^  on 
E,  side  of  the  Susquehannah. 

AUGUSTA,  t  and  cap.  Bracken  co.  Ken 
tucky,  on  the  Ohio ;  22  m.  below  Maysville 
60  m.  NE.  from  Lexington,  and  510  m.  from 
Washington.  It  is  a  very  pleasant  town,  anc 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy, 
and  a  meeting  Jiouso. 

AUGUSTA,  city,  and  cap.  Richmond  co 
Georgia,  on  the  Savannah ;  73  m.  SW.  from 
Columbia,  87  m.  ENE.  from  Milledgeville,  123 
m.  NNW.  from  Savannah,  138  m.  WNW 
from  Charleston,  and  589  m.  from  Washing 
ton.  Lon.  80°  46'  W.  lat  33°  19'  N.  Pop. 
in  1810,  2,476,  in  1818,  about  4,000,  and  in 
1830,  6,696.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail 
a  market-house,  an  academy,  an  insurance 
office,  several  banks,  one  of  which  is  a  brand 
of  the  United  States  bank,  and  four  houses  of 


jublic  worship,  1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for 
Roman  Catholics,  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1 
for  Methodists.  It  is  regularly  laid  out  and 
landsomely  built,  mostly  of  brick.  Several  of 
the  public  buildings,  and  many  of  the  private 
tiouses,  are  spacious  and  elegant.  It  is  a  very 
flourishing  commercial  town,  and  probably 
has  as  much  trade  as  any  other  place  of  its 
size  in  the  United  States.  Immense  quantities 
of  cotton,  considerable  tobacco,  and  some  other 
kinds  of  produce  are  brought  to  Augusta  from 
the  back  country,  and  conveyed  in  boats  down 
the  river  to  Savannah. 

AUGUSTA,  a  county  of  the  W.  District  of 
Virginia,  near  the  centre  of  the  state,  subdi 
vided  into  N.  and  S.  Augusta.  Pop.  of  N.  A. 
9,142,  of  S.  A.  10,783.  Staunton  is  the  seat 
of  justice  for  both. 

AUGUSTA,  v.  Perry  co.  Mississippi;  72 
m.  SE.  from  Monticello. 

AUGUSTA,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Alab.  67 
m.  E.  from  Cahawba. 

AUGUSTA,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

AUGUSTINE,  St.  t.  St.  John's  co.  E. 
Florida,  on  the  eastern  coast.  It  was  formerly 
the  capital  of  the  whole  territory  of  Florida. 
The  town  stands  in  a  prairie  near  the  sea, 
with  a  good  harbor,  which  however  has  a 
shallow  entrance.  It  is  regularly  built  of  a 
stone  formed  by  the  concretion  of  sea-shells. 
One  of  the  churches  is  an  old  edifice  in  the 
Gothic  style.  The  situation  of  the  town  is 
low,  but  pleasant.  In  the  neighborhood  are 
numerous  groves  of  orange  trees.  Before  it 
came  into  the  possession  of  the  United  States, 
its  population  was  about  5,000.  Since  this 
period  the  yellow  fever  has  made  its  appear 
ance,  and  the  population  has  diminished.  St. 
Augustine  is  310  m.  SSW.  of  Charleston,  in 
lat.  29°  45'  N.  Ion.  81°  40'  W. 

AURELIUS,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  173  m. 
W.  from  Albany,  on  Owasco  lake.  Pop.  2,767, 

AURELIUS,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio;  96 
m.  SE.  from  Columbus. 

AURIESVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  N.  C. 
123  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

AURORA,  t.  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  175  m.  W. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  2,421. 

AURORA,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio;  140  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus. 

AURORA,  v.  Dearborn  co.  In.  25  m.  W. 
from  Cincinnati. 

AUSTERLITZ,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  J  34 
m.  SE.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,245. 

AUSTINBURY,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio; 
192  m.  NE.  from  Columbus ;  has  a  number 
of  mills  and  woollen  manufactories. 

AUSTINTOWN,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio; 
160  m.  NE.  from  Columbus.  Pop.  1,259. 

AUSTINVILLE,  v.  Wythe  co.  Va.  on  the 
Kanahwa. 

AVARYSVILLE,  t  Columbia  co.  Georgia  • 
609  m.  from  W. 

AVERY,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio;  409  m.  from  W. 

AVERYSBOROUGH,  t.  Cumberland  co 
N.  C.,  on  Cape  Fear  river;  25  m.  N.  from 
Fayetteville,  35  SL  from  Raleigh,  and  322  from 
W.  Loru  78°  55'  W.  lat.  35°  18'  N. 

AVON,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me. ;  35  m.  NW. 


AVO— BAT 


from  Norridgewock,  and  210  NNE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  745. 

AVON,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Yn  on  E.  side  of 
the  Genesee;  21  m.  W.  from  Canandaigua,  and 
366  from  W. 

AVON,  t.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  236  m.  W. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  2,362. 

AVON,  t.  Lorain  co.  Ohio ;  146  m.  NE. 
from  Columbus. 

AVOYELLES,  a  parish  in  the  western 
district  of  Louisiana,  between  the  Mississippi, 
Red  and  Atchafalaya  rivers.  It  produces 
great  quantities  of  cotton.  Pop.  3,488.  Marks- 
ville  is  the  chief  town.  Lon.  91°  50'  W.  lat. 
31°  21'  N. 

AVOYELLES,  district,  Louisiana,  S.  from 
Red  river. 

AVOYELLES,  t.  Avoyelles  district,  Louis 
iana,  about  56  m.  from  the  Mississippi,  and 
1332  from  W. 

AURELIUS,  t.  and  cap.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 
on  E.  side  of  Cayuga  lake  ;  175  m.  W.  from 
Albany,  and  385  from  W.  Pop.  4,642.  It 
contains  3  post-villages,  Auburn,  Cayuga,  and 
Union  Springs,  and  has  an  academy.  Auburn 
is  the  seat  of  justice  for  the  county.  This  is 
a  wealthy  and  flourishing  town. 

AURORA,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 

AURORA,  v.  in  Scipio,  N.  Y.,  on  the  E. 
side  of  Cayuga  lake ;  16  m.  SW.  from  Auburn, 
and  378  from  W.  It  is  a  pleasant  and  flour 
ishing  village,  and  has  an  academy. 

AURORA,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio;  347  m. 
from  W. 

AUSTENVILLE,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 

AUSTERLITZ,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  315 
m.  from  W. 

AUSTIN,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 

Austinburg,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Grand 
river;  8  m.  W.  from  Jefferson,  and  362  from  W. 

AUSTINSVILLE,  t.  Wythe  co.  Va.  on  the 
Kenhawa;  16  m.  N.  from  Greensville,  and 
360  from  W. 

AUSTINTOWN,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio ;  296 
m.  from  W. 

AUSTIN'S  CREEK,  r.  Georgia,  which 
runs  into  the  Savannah,  about  12  m.  NW. 
from  Savannah. 

AU-VASE,  r.  Illinois,  which  flows  into  the 
Mississippi,  55  m.  above  the  Ohio.  It  is  navi 
gable  for  boats  60  m.  through  a  fine  prairie 
country. 

AYERSTOWN,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  on 
Ancocus  creek ;  13  m.  SE.  from  Burlington. 

AYLETTS,  v.  King  William  co.  Va. ;  120 
m.  from  W. 

AYRESBURY,  v.  N.  J.  on  the  Muscone- 
cunk. 

B. 

BAAL'S  RIVER,  in  West  Greenland, 
empties  in  Ion.  50°  10'  W.  lat.  64°  30'  N.  • 

BACALAL,  lake,  Mexico,  in  Yucatan,  36 
m.  SW.  from  Valladolid. 

BACANO  BAY,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba. 
Lon.  74°  59'  W.  lat.  20°  6'  N. 

BACHELDOR,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.,  20.  m. 
W-  from  Paris, 


BACHELOR'S  HALL,  v.  Tioga  co.  Pa  • 
262  m.  from  W. 

BACHELOR'S  RETREAT,  v.  Pendleton 
co.  S.  C. ;  578  m.  from  W. 

BACK,  short  navigable  river  and  inlet,  Bal 
timore  co.  Md.,  which  communicates  with  the 
Chesapeake,  4  m.  N.  of  the  Patapsco ;  10  m. 

BACON  CASTLE,  v.  Surry  co.  Va. ;  197 
m.  from  W. 

BACHOUANON,  river  of  U.  Canada,  falls 
into  lake  Superior  about  midway  between  the 
falls  of  St.  Mary  and  Red  river. 

BACK  CREEK,  an  arm  of  the  Chesapeake 
bay,  in  Cecil  co.  Md.  The  west  end  of  the 
Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal  empties  into 
Back  Creek. 

BACK-CREEK  VALLEY,  v.  Frederick 
co.  Va. 

BACON  CASTLE,  v.  Surry  co.  Va.  74  m. 
SE.  from  Richmond. 

BAFFIN'S  BAY,  the  most  northern  gulf 
or  bay  that  has  yet  been  discovered  in  North 
America.  It  extends  beyond  the  78th  degree 
of  N.  lat.  and  communicates  with  the  Atlantic 
ocean  through  Davis's  Straits.  On  the  W. 
side  of  this  bay,  in  lat.  74°  is  Lancaster's 
Sound,  through  which  Lieut.  Parry,  in  the 
summers  of  1819  and  1820,  discovered  a 
passage  into  the  polar  sea.  He  penetrated  as 
far  as  the  longitude  of  113°  47'  W.  from 
Greenwich,  between  the  parallels  of  74°  and 
75°  N.  lat.  where  his  further  progress  was  ar 
rested  by  the  ice. 

BAGADUCE  POINT,  cape  in  Penobscot 
bay,  Me. 

BAHAMA  CHANNEL,  or  Gulf  of  Florida, 
the  narrow  sea  between  the  coast  of  America 
and  the  Bahama  islands,  135  m.  long  and  46 
broad.  The  currents  here  are  most  violent, 
and  vessels  are  frequently  wrecked  in  passing 
through  this  strait. 

BAHAMA  BANK,  Great,  a  sand-bank  ex 
tending  from  near  the  island  of  Cuba  lat.  22° 
20'  to  the  Bahama  islands  lat.  26°  15'  N.  A 
smaller  bank  of  this  name  lies  N.  of  the 
island  of  Bahama. 

BAHAMA,  or  Lucayos  Islands,  in  the  At 
lantic  ocean,  opposite  the  coast  of  Florida, 
lying  N.  of  Cuba  and  St.  Domingo,  be 
tween  21°  and  28°  N.  lat.  and  71°  and  81° 
W.  Ion.  They  have  been  estimated  at  500, 
but  of  these  a  great  proportion  are  nothing 
more  than  cliffs  and  rocks.  The  principal  are 
Bahama,  Eleuthera,  Exuma,  Providence,  Gua- 
nahani,  or  St.  Salvador,  and  Turk's  island. 
The  climate  is  in  general  salubrious.  The 
number  of  slaves  upon  the  whole  islands,  ac 
cording  to  a  return  made  to  Parliament  in 
1823,  was  10,108,  and  the  white  population 
probably  amounts  to  about  4,000. 

BAHIA  HONDA,  port  of  the  N.  side  of 
the  island  of  Cuba.  Lat.  20°  58'  N. ;  60  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Havanna. 

BAILEYSBURG,  v.  Surry  co.  Va.  70  m. 
SE.  from  Richmond. 

BAINBRIDGE,  formerly  Jericho,  t.  Chc- 
nango  co,  N.  Y.  j  20  m.  S.  from  Norwich,  120 


182 


BAT— BAL 


WSW.  from  Albany,  and  329  from  W.  Pop. 
3,040. 

BAINBRIDGE,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  Paint 
creek;  18  m.  WSW.  from  Chillicothe,  and 
425  from  W.  It  contains  a  forge  and  some 
other  mills. 

BAINBRIDGE,  v.  Franklin  co.  Alab.  on 
the  Tennessee,  5  m.  above  Florence. 

BAINBRIDGE,  Port,  inlet  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America.  Lon.  212°  9|'  E.  lat  59° 
55' N. 

BAINBRIDGE,  t.  Gauga  co.  Ohio. 

BAIRD'S  FORGE,  v.  Burke  co.  N.  C.; 
507  m.  from  W. 

BAIRD'S  TAVERN,  v.  Buckingham  co. 
Va. ;  202  m.  from  W. 

BAIRDSTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Nelson  co. 
Kentucky,  on  Beech  Fork  river ;  40  m.  SW. 
from  Frankfort,  60  WSW.  from  Lexington, 
and  615  from  W.  Lon.  86°  10'  W.  lat.  37° 
49'  N.  Pop.  820.  It  is  a  flourishing  town, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  market- 
house,  a  church,  and  a  bank. 

BAKER,  a  county  in  the  SW.  part  of 
Georgia. 

BAKERSTOWN,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  13 
m.  N.  from  Pittsburg. 

BAKER'S  FALLS,  on  the  Hudson,  be 
tween  Kingsbury  and  Moreau,  52  m.  above 
Albany.  The  descent  is  76  feet  within  60  rods. 

BAKER'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  At 
lantic,  near  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  70°  47' 
W.  lat.  44°  34'  N. 

BAKER'S  ISLAND,  isl.  Mass.,  off  Salem 
harbor,  opposite  Manchester,  three  eighths  of  a 
mile  long;  5  m.  ENE.  from  Salem.  There  is 
a  light-house  on  the  north  end. 

BAKER'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs 
SE.  into  the  Merrimack,  in  Plymouth. 

BAKERSFIELD,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt. ;  48 
m.  NNW.  from  Montpelier,  and  526  from  W. 
Pop.  1,087. 

BAKERSVILLE,  t.  Patrick  co.  Va. ;  14  m. 
from  Henry  C.  H.  and  321  from  W. 

BALD  EAGLE,  r.  Pa.  which  rises  in 
Centre  co.,  and  passing  through  Mifflin  and 
Ly coming  counties,  after  a  course  of  50  m. 
runs  into  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah, 
about  12  m.  W.  of  Jersey  Shore. 

BALD  EAGLE  MOUNTAINS,  in  Pa.; 
200  m.  W.  from  Philadelphia.  The  valley 
below  on  the  E.  side  is  called  Bald  Eagle 
Valley,  or  Sinking  Spring  Valley.  It  is  very 
pleasant,  and  remarkable  for  a  phenomenon 
called  the  Swallows,  which  absorb  several 
large  streams  and  discharge  them  again,  after 
a  subterraneous  passage  of  several  miles. 
The  valley  is  5  m.  wide,  on  the  frontiers  of 
Bedford  county. 

BALD  EAGLE,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

BALD  EAGLE,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

BALD  HEAD,  point  in  Norton  Sound,  on 
the  NW.  coast  of  N.  America.  Lat.  64°  43' 
N.  Ion.  84°  42'  W. 

BALD  HEAD,  head  land  SW.  side  of 
Wells  bay  in  Maine.  Lon.  80°  35'  W,  lat. 
43°  N. 

BALD  HEAD,  SW.  end  of  Smith's  island, 


at  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river,  N.  C.  It 
has  a  light-house ;  24  m.  NNW.  from  Frying 
Pan  shoal.  Lon.  78°  13'  W.  lat.  33°  51'  N. 

BALD  MOUNTAINS,  mountains  of  N. 
America,  which  bound  Tennessee  to  the  E. 
Lon.  82°  35'  W.  lat.  35°  50'  N. 

BALDWIN,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine ;  40 
m.  NW.  from  Portland,  150  NNE.  from  Bos- 
ton,  and  583  from  W.  Pop.  947. 

BALDWIN,  co.  central  part  of  Georgia. 
Pop.  7,389.  Chief  town,  Milledgeville. 

BALDWIN,  co.  Alabama,  Chief  town, 
Fort  Stoddard.  Pop.  2,324. 

BALDWINSVILLE,  v.  Columbia  co.  Geo. 

BALDWINSVILLE,  v.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 
453  m.  from  W. 

BALIZE,  the  principal  entrance  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  100  m.  below  New 
Orleans,  1377  m.  from  W.  Long.  89°  30'  W. 
Lat.  29°  6'  N.  Here  are  a  fort  and  post-office, 
in  Plaquemine  co.  On  its  banks  the  English 
have  their  principal  establishments  for  cutting 
down  mahogany,  some  of  which  are  200  m. 
above  the  mouth  of  the  river. 

BALLARD'S  BRIDGE,  t  Chowan  co.  N. 
C.  by  post-road  199  m.  NE.  from  Raleigh. 

BALLARD'S  CAPE,  part  of  the  island  of 
Newfoundland.  Lat  46°  35'  N. ;  long.  24°  34' 
E.  from  W. 

BALLSTON,  t.  and  cap.  Saratogo  co.  N  Y. 
28  m.  N.  from  Albany,  390  m.  from  W.  Pop. 
2,113.  In  this  township  there  is  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  an  academy,  and  6  houses  for  public 
worship. 

BALLSTON-SPA,  v.  partly  in  Ballston,  but 
chiefly  in  Milton,  N.  Y. ;  26  m.  N.  from  Al 
bany,  from  W.  393  m.  It  has  a  court-house, 
two  printing-offices,  a  book-store,  with  which 
are  connected  a  circulating  library  and  a  read 
ing-room  ;  an  academy,  and  2  houses  for  pub 
lic  worship,  one  for  Episcopalians,  and  one  for 
Baptists.  This  place  is  famous  for  its  mineral 
waters,  which  are  much  frequented  by  the  gay 
and  fashionable  during  the  months  of  July  and 
August.  Hence,  in  addition  to  several  inns, 
there  are  three  large  boarding-houses  expressly 
designed  for  the  accommodation  of  strangers. 
The  waters  possess  a  stimulating  and  refresh 
ing  quality.  Under  the  exhaustion  of  heat  and 
fatigue,  nothing  can  be  more  agreeable  and 
reviving  to  the  system.  As  a  powerful  remedy 
also  in  many  diseases,  they  are  well  known  and 
highly  celebrated.  Letters  intended  for  per 
sons  residing  at  the  springs,  should  be  direct 
ed  to  Ballston-Spa,  as  there  is  another  post, 
office  in  the  town  of  Ballston,  at  some  distance 
from  the  village.  Pop.  ]  ,909. 

BALLSVILLE,  t.  Powhatan  co.  Va. 

BALTIMORE,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  11  m.  SW. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  in  1810,  207. 

BALTIMORE,  hundred,  Sussex  co.  Del. 
Pop.  2,057. 

BALTIMORE,  co.  Md.  on  the  W  side  of 
Chesapeake  bay,  N.  of  Patopsco  r.  Chief  town, 
Baltimore.  Pop.  exclusive  of  the  city  and  its 
precincts,  40,251. 


BAL— BAL 


183 


BALTIMORE  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


BALTIMORE,  city,  and  port  of  entry,  Bal 
timore  co.  Md.  is  on  the  N.  side  of  Patapsco  r. 
14  m.  from  its  entrance  into  Chesapeake  bay  ; 
38  m.  NE.  from  W.  100  SW.  from  Philadel 
phia,  190  SW.  from  New  York,  400  SW.  from 
Boston,  160  NE.  from  Richmond,  230  ESE. 
from  Pittsburg,  590  NNE.  from  Charleston. 
Lon.  76°  36'  W. ;  lat.  39°  IT  N.  Pop.  of  the  city 
and  precincts,  1790,  13,503;  1800,  26,415; 
1810,  46,555;  1820,  62,738,  and  1830,  80,625. 
Baltimore  is  well  situated  for  commerce.  It  is 
connected  by  good" turnpike  roads  with  various 
parts  of  Pennsylvania,  and  with  the  navigable 
waters  which  run  into  the  Ohio.  It  possesses 
the  trade  of  Maryland,  and  of  a  great  portion 
of  the  back  country  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
western  states.  In  amount  of  shipping,  it  is 
the  third  city  in  the  Union.  It  is  the  greatest 
flour  market  in  the  U.  States.  In  its  immedi 
ate  neighborhood  are  about  60  flour  mills,  a 
single  one  of  which  has  produced  32,000  bar 
rels  in  a  year.  There  are  also  a  number  of 
establishments  for  the  manufacture  of  cloth, 
cotton,  paper,  powder,  iron,  &c.  The  city  is 
built  around  a  bay,  which  sets  up  from  the 
north  side  of  the  Patapsco,  and  affords  a  spa 
cious  and  convenient  harbor.  The  strait 
which  connects  the  bay  with  the  river  is  very 


narrow,  scarcely  a  pistol-shot  across,  and  IB 
well  defended  by  Fort  M'Henry.  A  small 
river,  called  Jones'  Falls,  empties  into  the  north 
side  of  the  harbor,  and  divides  the  city  into 
two  parts,  called  the  town  and  Fell's  Point, 
which  are  connected  by  bridges.  At  Fell's 
Point,  the  water  is  deep  enough  for  vessels  of 
500  or  600  tons,  but  none  larger  than  200  tons 
can  go  up  to  the  town.  Baltimore  contains 
the  state  penitentiary ;  the  city  and  county 
alms-house;  a  court-house;  2  museums;  2 
theatres ;  a  custom-house ;  a  hospital,  in  which 
there  is  a  fine  collection  of  anatomical  prepa 
rations  in  wax ;  an  exchange,  an  immense  edi 
fice  of  four  stories;  5  market-houses;  10 
banks,  45  houses  of  public  worship,  a  public 
library,  a  lunatic  asylum,  an  observatory,  and 
several  elegant  public  fountains.  A  marble 
monument  to  the  memory  of  general  Wash 
ington  has  been  erected  on  an  elevation  at  the 
north  end  of  Charles  street.  The  base  is  50 
feet  square,  and  23  feet  high,  on  which  is  an 
other  square  of  about  half  the  extent  and  ele 
vation.  On  this  is  a  lofty  column,  20  feet  in 
diameter  at  the  base,  and  14  at  the  top.  On 
the  summit  of  this  column,  163  feet  from  the 
ground,  the  statue  of  Washington  iw  placed. 


BALTIMORE  EXCHANGE  AND  MONUMENT. 


184 


BAL—BAR 


The  Battle  Monument,  erected  to  the  mem 
ory  of  those  who  fell  in  bravely  defending  their 
city  from  the  attack  of  the  British  on  the  12th 
and  13th  of  Sept.  1814,  is  a  handsome  struc 
ture  of  marble,  situated  on  a  large  square  in 
North  Calvert  street.  The  city  is  generally 
well  built.  The  houses  are  chiefly  of  brick ; 
many  of  them  are  handsome,  and  some  splen 
did.  The  streets  intersect  each  other  at  right 
angles.  Baltimore  is  supplied  with  water  ta 
ken  from  the  Jones'  falls,  and  conveyed  to  re 
servoirs,  whence  it  is  distributed  to  every  part 
of  the  city.  There  are  several  literary  insti 
tutions  in  this  city.  A  medical  college  was 
founded  in  1807.  In  1812  the  institution  was 
enlarged,  and  received  a  new  charter.  It  is 
now  styled  the  University  of  Maryland,  and 
embraces  the  departments  of  languages,  arts, 
sciences,  medicine,  law,  and  divinity.  The 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  rail-road  extends  from  this 
city  to  the  Ohio  river  at  Pittsburg,  300  m.  It 
was  begun  in  1829,  and  a  great  portion  of  it  is 
already  completed.  There  are  several  viaducts 
and  embankments  in  its  course  near  Balti 
more,  substantially  built  of  granite,  and  a  deep 
cut  three  quarters  of  a  mile  long  and  70  feet 
deep.  Many  cars  are  already  in  operation 
upon  the  rail-road.  Some  of  them  are  drawn 
by  horse  power,  some  driven  by  steam,  and 
some  by  wind.  The  cars  with  sails  go  some 
times  25  miles  an  hour,  and  can  lie  within  4 
points  of  the  wind.  The  whole  distance  from 
Baltimore  to  Pittsburg,  when  completed,  will 
be  travelled,  according  to  estimation,  by  horse 
power  in  30  hours,  and  by  steam  in  20.  An 
other  rail-road  has  been  commenced,  to  extend 
from  Baltimore  to  York  Haven  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna,  60  m. 

BALTIMORE,  New,  t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  20 
m.  S.  from  Albany,  on  the  Hudson.  Pop.  2,370. 

BALTIMORE,  New,  Farquier  co.  Va.  45 
m.  from  W. 

BALTIMORE,  t.  Sussex  co.  Del.  compris 
ing  the  hundreds  of  Dagsborough,  Indian  River, 
Lewes,  Rehoboth,  and  Broad  Kiln. 

BANGOR,  t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  204  m.  NW, 
from  Albany.  Pop.  1076. 

BANGOR,  t.  and  cap.  Penobscot  co.  Maine, 
on  the  W.  side  of  Penobscot  r.  at  the  head  of 
navigation,  35  m.  N.  from  Castine,  and  52  from 
Owl's  Head,  at  the  mouth  of  Penobscot  bay 
Pop.  2868.  It  is  not  open  for  shipping  during 
the  winter,  but  at  other  seasons  it  is  of  very 
easy  access  for  vessels  of  almost  any  size,  anc 
the  river  is  open  at  all  times  within  12  m.  to 
Frankfort.  Bangor  is  the  natural  market  for 
a  large  portion  of  the  interior  of  Maine.  It  is 
a  flourishing  place,  and  contains  a  court-house 
bank,  and  printing-office.  A  theological  sem. 
mary  was  opened  here  in  1815,  styled  "  The 
Maine  Charity  School."  It  is  under  the  direc 
tion  of  2  professors  and  a  preceptor.  Its  de 
sign  is  to  prepare  young  men  for  the  ministry 
by  a  shorter  course  of  study  than  is  usual 
The  qualifications  for  admission  are  a  know 
ledge  of  English  grammar,  arithmetic,  Latin 
grammar,  and  some  acquaintance  with  the 
Latin  classicB.  The  term  of  study  is  four  years 


BANISTER,  v.  Halifax  co.  Va.  140  m.  SW. 
roin  Richmond. 

BANK'S  ISLAND,  near  the  NW.  coast  of 
America,  about  60  m.  long  and  5  broad.   Lon. 
29°  45'  to  130°  10'  W. ;  lat.  53°  30'  N. 

BAPTISTOWN,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  30 
m.  NW.  from  Trenton. 

BARACOA,  a  town  on  the  NE.  coast  of  Cuba 
with  a  good  harbor  for  small  vessels,  9  m.  ENE. 
f  St.  Jago  de  Cuba.    Lon.  74°  42'  W. ;  lat. 
20°  30'  N. 

BARATARIA,  bay,  or  gulf,  Louisiana,  18 
m.  long  from  N.  to  S.  Lon.  90°  W. ;  lat.  29° 
20' N. 

BARATARIA,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs  S. 
nto  a  bay  of  the  same  name. 

BARATARIA,  isl.  on  N.  side  of  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  at  the  entrance  of  Barataria  bay ; 
55  m.  NW.  from  Balize.  Lat.  29°  N.  It  is  a 
icalthy  island  and  a  strong  military  position, 
and  affords  a  safe  and  capacious  harbor  for 
merchant  vessels,  and  light  ships  of  war. 

BARATARIA,  a  bay  on  the  coast  of  Loui 
siana,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  sur 
rounded  by  a  flat  marshy  country.  Boats  can 
sass  from  the  Mississippi  at  New  Orleans, 
through  this  bay  to  the  sea.  This  was  for 
merly  a  great  resort  for  pirates. 

BARBADOES,  one  of  the  Caribbees,  and 
the  most  eastern  of  the  W.  India  islands.  Lat. 
13°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  59°  W.  The  earl  of  Marl- 
borough  obtained  from  James  I.  a  grant  of  the 
island,  in  1624,  and  laid  the  foundation  of 
James  Town.  It  is  21  m.  long,  14  broad,  and 
contains  166  sq.  ms.  or  106,470  acres.  It  lies 
20  leagues  E.  of  St.  Vincent,  25  from  St.  Lucia, 
28  SE.  from  Martinico,  60  NE.  from  Trinidad, 
and  100  SE.  from  St.  Christopher's.  It  is  di 
vided  into  5  districts  and  11  parishes ;  chief 
town,  Bridgetown.  Pop.  in  1811, 16,289  whites, 
3,392  free  people  of  color,  62,258  slaves ;  pres 
ent  free  population,  about  20,000.  In  1810, 
the  imports  were  £311,400 ;  exports,  £271,597. 
Owing  to  the  hurricanes,  the  population  and 
produce  of  the  island  have  diminished.  From 
1740  to  1786,  the  annual  exports  declined  from 
13,948  hogsheads  of  sugar  to  9,554 ;  from  12,884 
puncheons  of  rum  to  5,448,  &c. 

BARBARA,  St.  a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of 
North  America,  capital  of  a  jurisdiction  of  its 
name.  It  stands  in  a  rugged,  barren  country, 
but  has  a  good  roadstead.  Lon.  119°  17'  W.; 
lat.  34°  54'  N. 

BARBARY,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C.  134  m.  W. 
from  Raleigh. 

BARBE,  St.  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  New  Bis 
cay,  near  which  are  rich  silver  mines.  It  is 
500  m.  NW.  of  Mexico.  Lon.  107°  5'  W. ; 
lat.  26°  N. 

BARBER'S,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 
BARBOURVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Knox  co. 
Ky.  556  m.  from  W.    Pop.  55. 

BARBOURSVILLE,  v.  Orange  co.  Va. ;  87 
rn.  NW.  from  Richmond. 

BARBUDA,  one  of  the  Leeward  Islands,  in 
the  West  Indies,  20  m.  long,  and  10  broad.  It 
has  a  good  road  for  shipping,  but  no  direct 
trade  to  Britain.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 


BAR— BAR 


185 


employed  in  raising  corn,  and  breeding  cattle 
for  the  use  of  the  neighboring  islands.     It  is 
35  m.  N.  from  Antigua.    Lon.  61°  50'  W 
lat  17°  50'  N. 

BARBUE,  r.  of  U.  C.  falls  into  lake  Erie  40 
m.  W.  from  Long  Point.  It  is  now  commonly 
called  the  Orwell. 

BARBUE,  r.  in  the  U.  S.  in  the  peninsula 
of  Mich. ;  falls  into  lake  Michigan. 

BARDSTOWN,  see  Bairdstown. 

BAREFIELDS,  v.  Liberty  co.  S.  C.  on  the 
Little  Pedee,  412  m.  from  W.  Lon.  79°  23' 
W.;  lat.  34°  12' N. 

BAREFIELDS,  t.  Marion  co.  S.  C.  41  m 
from  W. 

BARGAINTOWN,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J 
194  m.  from  W. 

BARIL,  Island  of,  in  the  St.  Lawrence  r 
above  Ogdensburg. 

BARIL  POINT,  in  St.  Lawrence  r.  above 
Ogdensburg. 

BARKHAMPSTEAD,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct 
Pop.  in  1820, 1,592. 

BARKHAMPSTEAD,  v.  in  the  NE.  part 
of  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  about  20  m.  NW.  from 
Hartford. 

BARKSDALE,  v.  Lincoln  co.  Geo. 

BARLETT,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H. 

BARLOW,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio. 

BARN  TAVERN,  v.  Southampton  co.  Va 
175  m.  from  W. 

BARNARD,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  26  m.  NW 
from  Windsor,  484  from  W. 

BARNARD,  v.  Meigs  co.  Ohio. 

BARNARDSTOWN,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass 

BARNEGAT,  or  Limestone,  v.  in  Pough- 
keepsie  co.  N.  Y.  5  m.  S.  from  Poughkeepsie 
village.  Here  is  a  large  number  of  lime-kilns, 
and  great  quantities  of  lime  are  manufactured 
here  and  sent  to  New  York. 

BARNEGAT,  bay,  and  inlet  on  E.  coast  of 
N.  J.  68  m.  ENE.  from  Cape  May.  Lon.  73° 
45' W.;  lat.  39°  47' N. 

BARNEGAT,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Hudson,  10  m.  S.  from  Pough 
keepsie. 

BARNESVILLE,  v.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  318 
m.  from  W. 

BARNESVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
4  m.  from  the  mouth  of  Monocacy  creek,  and 
13  S.  from  Fredericktown. 

BARNET,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  on  the  Con 
necticut,  8  m.  SE.  from  Danville,  32  E.  from 
Montpelier,  329  from  W. 

BARNET'S  TAVERN,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 
59  m.  from  W. 

BARNSBOROUGH,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 
about  14  m.  below  Philadelphia. 

BARNSTABLE,  co.  Mass,  comprising  the 
peninsula  of  Cape  Cod.  Pop.  28,525.  The 
chief  town  has  the  same  name.  Vast  quanti 
ties  of  salt  are  made  in  this  county  by  solar 
evaporation. 

BARNSTABLE,  t.  and  cap.  Barnstable 
co.  Mass,  stands  on  a  harbor  at  the  bottom 
of  Cape  Cod  Bay.  The  town  is  built  with 
considerable  neatness,  and  has  some  com 
merce  and  fishing  business.  There  are  exten 
sive  salt  marshes  in  the  neighborhood,  but 
Y 


the  soil  here  is  better  Uian  in  almost  any 
other  part  of  the  GO.  It  is  64  m.  SE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  3,975. 

BARNSTABLE,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass. 

BARNSTEAD,  t.  Strafford  co,  N.  H.  26  m. 
ENE.  from  Concord,  32  NW.  from  Ports 
mouth,  563  from  W. 

BARNS  MILLS,  t.  Monongahela  co.  Va. 
near  Morgantown,  and  219  m.  NW.  from 
Richmond. 

BARNWELL,  district  of  S.  C.  having  Sa 
vannah  r.  SW.  Edgefield  NW.  Orangeburg 
NE.  Colleton  and  Beaufort  SE.  being  50  m.  in 
length  by  a  mean  width  of  35 ;  area  1050  sq. 
ms.  surface  hilly,  and  soil  of  middling  quality. 
Staples,  cotton  and  grain.  Chief  town,  Barn- 
well.  Pop.  1820, 14,750. 

BARNWELL,  C.H.  and  t.  of  Barnwell  di*. 
trict,  S.  C.  Lat.  33°  13'  N. ;  Ion,  43  20'  W. 

BARRE,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  24  m.  NW. 
from  Worcester,  64  W.  from  Boston,  417  from 
W.  Pop.  2,503.  This  is  a  very  valuable  town 
ship,  and  produces  great  quantities  of  beefi 
butter,  and  cheese. 

BARRE,  t.  Washington  eo-  Vt.  7  m.  SE* 
from  Montpelier,  524  from  W.  Pop.  2,012. 

BARRE,  t.  Genesec  co.  N,  Y. 

BARRE,  t.  Huntingdon  co..  Pa, 

BARREN,  co.  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Ky. 
Pop.  14,821.  Glasgow,  the  chief  town,  is  134 
m.  SW.  by  S.  of  Frankfort.  Two  rivers,  one 
called  the  Little,  and  the  other  the  Big  Barren, 
have  their  source  within  the  county,,  running 
in  different  directions,  but  both  falling  into 
the  Green  river. 

BARREN  CREEK,  r.  which  rises  in  SW. 
corner  of  Delaware,  and  runs  into  the  Nanti- 
coke,  2  m.  S.  from  Vienna. 

BARREN  CREEK  SPRINGS,  t.  Somerset 
eo.  Md.  85  m.  SE,  from  Annapolis* 

BARREN  RIVER,  r,  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  the  Green  River,  between  Warren 
and  Logan  counties. 

BARREN  RIVER,  LitfZe,.r,Ky.  whioh  runs 
into  Green  River,  W.  of  Greensburg. 

BARRENS,  t,  St.  Genevieve  eo.  Misa.  70 
m.  SE.  from  St.  Louis. 

BARRIER  POINT,  the  W.  point,  where 
the  r.  Petite  Nation  enters  the  Ottawa,  U-C. 

BARRINGTON,  t  Bristol  co.  R.  I.  on  the 
SW.  side  of  Warren  r.  Pop.  612. 

BARRINGTON,  Greatr Berkshire  co.  Mass, 
about  150  m.  W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  in  1-820, 
1,908. 

BARRINGTON,  v.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  22G 
m.  W.  from  Albany. 

BARRINGTON,  t.  Strafford  co.  N,  H.  28 
m.  NW.  from  Portsmouth,  517  from  W.  It  is 
a  large  township,  and  contains  several  pondff, 
the  largest  of  which,  Bow  pond,  is  650  rods 
long,  and  40  broad.  It  has  several  houses  of 
public  worship.  Crystal  spar,  black  lead,  iron 
ore,  alum,  and  vitriol  are  found  here.  In  the 
SE.  part  of  the  town  there  is  a  cave  called  the 
Bear's  Den. 

BARRON'S,  t.  Prince  William  co.  Va.  48 
m.  SW.  from  W. 

BARRYSVILLE,  v,  Mecklenburg  co.  NX?« 
448  m.  from  W, 


186 


BAR— BAT 


BART,  L  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  S.  from  Stras- 
burg. 

BARTHELEMY,  r.  Louisiana,  which  after 
%  course  W.  of  S.  of  about  150  m.  joina  the 
Ouachitta,  3  m.  below  the  Derbane. 

BARTHOLOMEW,  St.  parish  of  S.  C.  in 
the  district  of  Charleston,  containing  about 
13,000  inhabitants,  three-fourths  slaves. 

BARTHOLOMEW,  small  r.  of  Arkansas 
and  Lou.  rising  in  the  former,  and  falling  into 
Ouachitta. 

BARTHOLOMEW,  Cape,  S.  point  of  Staten 
Island,  in  the  straits  of  Le  Maire. 

BARTHOLOMEW,  St.  one  of  the  Caribbee 
islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  24  m.  in  circum 
ference,  and  25  N.  from  St.  Christopher.  The 
French  ceded  it  to  the  Swedes  in  1785  ;  and  it 
was  taken  by  the  British  in  1801,  but  restored 
to  Sweden  in  1814.  The  chief  exports  are 
drugs  and  lignumvitae ;  and  it  has  a  good  har 
bor.  Lon.  63°  40'  W. ;  lat.  17^  46'  N. 

BARTLETT,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.    Pop.  644. 

BARTON,  Lincoln  co.  U.  C. 

BARTON,  v.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  50  m.  NE, 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  729. 

BARTON,  small  r.  of  Vt.  rising  in  Orleans 
co.  and  falling  into  lake  Memphramagog. 

BARTON'S  CREEK,  r.  Tennessee,  which 
runs  into  the  Cumberland,  about  10  m.  above 
Clarksville. 

BASKINRIDGE,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  on  a 
branch  of  the  Passaic,  7  m.  SSW.  from  Mor- 
ristown,  17  N.  from  New  Brunswick,  219  from 
W.  Lon.  74°  33'  W.;  lat.  40°  40'  N.  Here 
is  a  good  academy.  General  Lee  was  taken 
prisoner  here  in  1776. 

BASIN  HARBOR,  v.  Addison  co.  Vt.  in 
Ferrisburg ;  E.  side  of  Lake  Champlain ;  4^ 
m.  S.  of  the  mouth  of  Otter  creek,  486  from  W 

BASIN  MINAS,  bay  or  small  gulf  at  the 
NE.  extremity  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 

BASSETERRE,  capital  of  St.  Christopher, 
built  by  the  French,  before  the  island  was 
ceded  to  the  English  in  1713. 

BASSETERRE,  capital  of  Guadaloupe,  in 
a  district  of  the  same  name,  in  the  W.  part  of 
the  island.  It  is  defended  by  a  citadel  anc 
other  fortifications.  Lon.  61°  59'  W.  lat.  15° 
59' N. 

BASS  COVE,  in  Adolphustown,  Bay  of 
Quinte,  U.  C. 

BASS  ISLANDS,  an  interesting  group  in 
Lake  Erie,  appertaining  to  Huron  co.,  Ohio 
This  cluster  is  composed  of  3  principal  ane 
several  smaller  islands.  In  the  southern  Bass 
Island  is  the  fine  harbor  of  Put-in-Bay,  abou 
5  or  6  m.  W.  of  which,  on  Sept.  10th,  1813 
capt.  Perry  captured  the  British  fleet,  unde: 
the  command  of  capt.  Barclay. 

BASTARD,  t.  U.  C.  between  Lansdowne 
and  Leeds. 

BATAVIA,  or  Genesee,  t.  and  cap.  Genesee 
co.  N.  Y. ;  40  m.  E.  Buffalo,  256  W.  Albany 
391  from  W.  Pop.  4,271.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  and  other  public  buildings,  anc 
has  considerable  trade.  A  weekly  newspape 
is  published  here- 

BATAVIA,  t.  in  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

BATAVIA  v.  Gauga  co.  Ohio. 


BATCA,  t.  of  Mexico,  in  Yucatan,  on  the 
ide  of  the  Bay  of  Campeachy. 

BATESVILLE,  t.  Independence  co.  AT- 
tansas,  on  White  river,  110  m.  NE.  of  LitfJe 
Rock. 

BATES,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.,  250  m.  W 
rom  Albany. 

BATH,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  the  Connec- 
icut ;  14  m.  N.  Haverhill,  40  N.  Dartmouth 
College,  545  from  W.  Pop.  1,626.  The  Lower 
Ammonoosuck  and  Bath  turnpike  pass  through 
this  town,  and  at  the  point  where  they  inter 
sect  there  is  a  handsome  village. 

BATH,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  on  W.  side  of  the  Kennebec,  12  m. 
from  the  sea,  8  SW.  Wiscasset,  35  NE.  Port- 
and,  150  NE.  Boston,  588  from  W.  Lon.  69° 
49'  W.  lat.  43°  55'  N.  Pop.  3,773.  Bath  is 
pleasantly  situated  and  has  great  advantages 
for  commerce,  being  at  the  head  of  winter 
navigation.  The  river  here  is  seldom  frozen 
over.  It  is  one  of  the  most  considerable  com- 
mercial  towns  in  Maine.  It  contains  an 
academy,  several  banks,  and  houses  of  pub 
lic  worship  for  Congregationalists,  Baptists,  &,c. 

BATH,  t.  and  cap.  Steuben  eo.  N.  Y.,  on 
the  Conhocton  ;  40  m.  S.  Canandaigua,  245  W. 
Albany,  295  from   W.    Pop.  1,700.    It  is  a 
pleasant  and  flourishing  town,  and  has  consid 
rable  trade. 

BATH,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa;  173  m 
from  W. 

BATH,  v.  Beaufort  co.  N.  C.  61  m.  SE.  of 
Edenton,  on  Tar  river  24  m.  above  Pamlicoe 
Sound.  Lat.  35°  31' N. 

BATH,  co.  Ky.  having  Nicholas  NW., 
Flemming  NE.,  Floyd  SE.,  and  Montgomery 
SW.  It  is  34  m.  in  length,  with  a  mean 
breadth  of  10 ;  area  340  sq.  m.  Chief  town, 
Owingsville.  Pop.  8,799. 

BATH  co.  in  the  central  part  of  Va.  bound 
ed  N.  by  Pendleton  co.,  E.  by  Rockbridge  co., 
S.  by  Botetourt  co.,  and  W.  by  Greenbnar  co- 
Pop.  4,008.  Slaves,  882.  At  the  court-house 
there  is  a  post-village,  50  m.  WSW.  Staunton, 
226  from  W.  Here  is  a  medicinal  spring,  called 
Warm  Spring ;  and  another  about  6  m.  distant 
SW.  called  Hot  Spring,  the  waters  of  which, 
at  some  seasons,  are  hot  enough  to  boil  an  egg, 
and  are  useful  in  various  complaints. 

BATH,  t.  Medina  co.  Ohio. 

BATH,  Berkeley  co.  Va.  near  the  Potomac ; 
35  m.NNW.  Winchester,  104  from  W.  Berke. 
ley  Springs  are  near  this  town,  which  see. 

BATH,t.  Greene  co.  Ohio. 

BATH,  t.  Beaufort  co.  N.  C.  on  a  bay 
which  sets  up  from  Tar  river;  11  m.  ESE. 
Washington,  61  SSW.  Edenton,  332  from  W. 
Lon.  77°  20'  W.  lat.  35°  31'  N. 

BATH,  v.  Renssallaer  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Hudson,  opposite  the  upper  part  of 
Albany. 

BATH,  co.  Va.  having  Botetourt  and  Mon 
roe  S.  Greenbriar  W.  Randolph  NW.  Pendle- 
ton  NE.  Augusta  E.  and  Rockbridge  SE.  It 
is  45  m.  in  length,  with  a  mean  breadth  of  20 
m.  and  900  siq.  mfc.  Situated  in  the  Apala- 
chian  ridges ;  the  face  of  this  co.  is  mountain 
ous  ;  the  air  is  pure  and  healthy ;  the  soil  in 


BAT— BEA 


187 


general  rather  sterile,  though  some  very  pro- 
ductive  land  lies  along  the  streams.  Chief 
town,  Warren  Springs.  Pop.  1820,  5,237. 

BATH,  C.  H.  and  v.  Bath  co.  Va,  50  m.  W. 
Staunton,  and  227  SW.  from  W. 

BATON  ROUGE,  t  Lou.  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  river  Mississippi.  Here,  in  ascending 
the  river,  banks  rise  to  a  considerable  height 
above  the  elevation  of  the  water  in  freshets. 
It  is  about  138  m.  above  New  Orleans,  follow 
ing  the  river.  Here  the  country  is  finely  im 
proved.  The  town  contains  about  60  or  70 
houses,  and  350  inhabitants. 

BATON  ROUGE,  East,  parish  of  Lou.  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  having 
that  stream  W.  New  Feliciana  N.  the  Amite 
river,  or  St.  Helena  E.  Iberville  river,  or  St. 
Gabriel  S.  It  is  26  m.  in  length,  with  a  mean 
width  of  15 ;  area  400  sq.  ms.  Its  surface  is 
rolling  towards  the  N.  but  becomes  generally 
level  to  the  southward.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
in  its  natural  state  covered  with  a  dense  forest. 
Staple,  cotton.  Chief  town,  Baton  Rouge.  Pop. 
6,717. 

BATON  ROUGE,  West,  parish  of  Lou.  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  opposite 
East  Baton  Rouge,  having  the  Mississippi  river 
E.  Plaquemine  river,  or  St.  Gabriel  SE.  Atcha- 
falaya  river  SW.  and  W.  and  Pointe  Coupee 
N.  It.  is  30  m.  in  length,  by  25  mean  width 
area  750  sq.  ms.  Its  surface  is  a  dead  alluvial 
plain,  extremely  fertile,  but  except  near  the  mar 
gin  of  the  Mississippi,  and  some  other  streams, 
liable  to  annual  submersion.  Staple,  cotton. 

BATOPILAS,  a  considerable  town  of  the 
Andes  or  Cordilleras  of  Mexico,  in  the  inten- 
dency  of  Durango. 

BATTERAUX,  island,  in  the  river  St.  Law 
rence,  above  Bearded  Island. 

BATTLE  CREEK,  r.  Ky.  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio,  Ion.  85°  36'  W.  lat.  38°  35'  N. 

BATTLETOWN,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va.  11 
m.  E.  by  N.  from  Stevensburg,  and  6  E.  from 
Winchester. 

BATTURE  GRAND,  on  Ottawa  river,  be 
low  Portage  du  Chene,  U.  C. 

BAUCHERVILLE,  a  beautifully  located 
village  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  river  St.  Law 
rence,  about  10  m.  W.  of  Montreal. 

BAUGHMAN,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

BAYAGUANA,  an  inland  town  of  the  is! 
and  of  St.  Domingo,  about  35  m.  NE.  of  the 
city  of  St.  Domingo. 

BAYAMO,  a  town  in  the  E.  part  of  Cuba 
on  the  river  Estero,  which  forms  a  bay  on  the 
coast,  20  m.  below  the  town.  It  gives  name 
to  a  channel,  between  Cuba  and  the  islands, 
called  the  Queen's  Garden,  and  is  80  m 
WSW.  of  St.  Jago.  Lon.  77°  20'  W.  lat  20° 
45' N. 

BAYDENSVILLE,  t.  Indiana. 

BAYLESBURG,  v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 
203  from  W. 

BAYLE'S  STORE,  t.  Stokes  co.  N.  C.  145 
m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

BAY  OF  ISLANDS,  there  HJC  snvera 
bays  in  different  parts  of  the  world  so  called 
viz.  1st,  on  the  west  coast  of  Newfoundland 
3d,  in  the  straits  of  Magellan ;  33,  on  the  NE 


coast  of  New  Holland  in  lut.  10°  30';  4th,  on 
the  NW.  coast  of  America  in  lat.  57°  N. ;  5th, 
on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Zealand. 

BAYOU  CARANCIO,  t.  Rapides,  Lou. 

BAYOU  CHICOT,  t.  in  the  northern  part 
of  Opeloosas,  Lou.  30  m.  NW.  from  the  vil- 
agc  of  St.  Landre,  and  1,488  SW.  from  W. 

BAY  RIVER,  t.  Craven  co.  N.  C.  20  m.  E. 
rom  Newbern.  Bay  river  is  a  small  creek  of 
Pamlico  Sound,  and  forming  part  of  the 
soundary  between  Beaufort  and  Craven  cos. 

BAZETTA,  t.  in  Trumbull  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1820,  196. 

BEACH  GROVE,  v.  Luzerne  co.  Penn.; 
204  m.  from  W. 

BEACH  HILL,  t  S.  C. ;  7  m.  SW.  Dor. 
Chester. 

BEACH  ISLAND,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
Pop.  1810,  4,  in  1820,  8. 

BEACH  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the  At 
lantic,  near  the  coast  of  New  Jersey.  Lon.  74° 
15'  W.  lat.  39°  47'  N. 

BEACON  ISLAND,  small  island  in  Pamli 
co  Sound,  near  the  coast  of  N.  C.  Lon.  76° 
22'  W.  lat.  34°  57'  N, 

BEALSBURG,  t.  Harden  co.  Ky.  on  E. 
bank  of  Rolling  Fork  river  :  15  m.  WSW. 
Bairdstown,  50  SW.  Frankfort  Lon.  86°  27' 
W.  lat.  37°  42'  N. 

BEALLSVILLE,  fine  v.  on  the  U.  S.  road, 
Washington  co.  Penn.  8  m.  W.  from  Browns 
ville,  and  17  E.  from  Washington,  the  county 

it 

BEAM'S  STATION,  t  Granger  co.  Tenn. 
30  m.  NE.  from  Knoxville,  and  226  NE.  from 
Murfreesborough. 

BEAN'S  CREEK,  v.  Franklin  co.  Tenn. ; 
726  m.  from  W. 

BEAN'S  STATION,  v.  Granger  co.  Tenn. ; 
498  m.  from  W. 

BEAR  BROOK,  r.  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  Ion.  93°  28'  W.  lat  44°  40'  N. 

BEARCAMP,  r.  N.  H.  falls  into  Ossipee 
Lake. 

BEAR  CREEK,  r.  Ky.  which  runs  into 
Green  river,  Ion.  86°  45'  W  lat.  36°  52'  N. 

BEAR  CREEK,  r  N.  C.  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Ion.  77°  32'  W  lat  34°  36'  N. 

BEAR  CREEK,  another  small  stream  run 
ning  into  the  W.  side  of  Miami  river  in  Mont* 
gomery  co.  Ohio. 

BEARD'S  STORE,  t  Anson  co.  N.  C.  80 
m.  SW.  of  Raleigh. 

BEARD'S  CREEK,  in  Geo.  a  small  branch 
of  Altamaha  river,  in  Liberty  co. 

BEARD'S  MILL,  t.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 

BEARDED  ISLAND,  in  the  river  St  Law 
rence,  above  Lake  St.  Francis. 

BEARFIELD,  t.  in  Perry  co.  Ohio. 

BEAR  GAP,  v.  Northumberland  co.  Penn.; 
182  m.  from  W. 

BEAR  GRASS  CREEK,  r.  Ky.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio  at  Louisville. 

BEAR  INLET,  channel  between  two  small 
islands  near  the  coast  of  N.  C.  Lon.  77°  21' 
W.  lat  34°  36'  N. 

BEAR  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the  At. 
lantic,  near  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  68°  2^ 
W.  lat  44°  6'  N 


J88 


BEJV— BEA 


BEAR  LAKE,  one  of  the  sources  of  the 
Mississippi,  about  lat.  48°  20'  N. 

BEAR  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs 
into  the  Mississippi,  Ion.  92°  44'  W.  lat.  44° 


BEARER  RIVER    See  Beaver. 

BEASLEY'S  CREEK,  r.  Ky.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  Ion.  83°  55'  W.  lat.  38°  35'  N. 

BEATTIE'S  FORD,  t.  Lincoln  co.  N.  C. 

BEAUCHARNOIS  ISLE,  in  the  N.  east 
erly  part  of  Lake  Superior,  not  a  great  way 
from  the  shore,  and  eastward  of  Isle  Hocquart. 

BEAUCLERC,  port  in  an  island  on  the 
NW.  coast  of  America.  Lat.  56°  17'  N.  Ion. 
from  W.  56°  37'  W. 

BEAUFORT,  co.  N.  C.  in  Newbern  district  ; 
having-  Craven  SW.  Pitt  NW  Martin  and 
Washington  N.  and  Hyde  and  Pamlico  Sound 
E.  Length  40  m.  mean  breadth  17;  area 
670.  It  is  generally  level.  Chief  town,  Bath. 

BEAUFORT,  a  maritime  district,  forming 
the  SE.  corner  of  the  state  of  South  Carolina  ; 
bounded  on  the  SW.  by  the  Savannah  river. 
It  is  a  low  swampy  district,  but  very  produc 
tive  in  rice  and  cotton.  In  addition  to  the  Sa 
vannah  on  the  S.  it  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  Big-slake-hatchie  river,  and  the  Coosaw- 
hatchie  intersects  the  district  from  NW.  to  the 
SE.  dividing  into  two  branches  about  the  cen 
tre  of  the  district,  and  forming  an  island  called 
Port  Royal  Island,  on  which  is  a  town  named 
Beaufort,  formerly  the  capital  of  the  district, 
but  the  courts  are  now  held  at  the  town  of 
Coosawhatchie,  about  20  m.  NW.  of  Beaufort, 
and  193  S.  of  Columbia,  the  capital  of  the 
Btate. 

BEAUFORT,  a  co.  of  North  Carolina,  di 
vided  into  two  parts  by  the  Pamlico  river,  at 
its  entrance  into  Pamlico  Sound.  It  is  a 
swampy  and  dreary  district,  with  a  population 
of  10,949.  Washington,  130  m.  E.  by  S.  of 
Raleigh,  is  the  chief  town. 

BEAUFORT,  seaport,  Beaufort  district,  S. 
C.on  Port  Royal  Island,  75  m.  S.  from  Charles 
ton,  and  58  N.  from  Savannah.  Its  harbor  is 
deep  and  spacious.  Here  is  a  chartered  col 
lege,  but  in  a  languishing  state.  Lat.  32°  25' 
N.  Ion.  3°  30'  W.  from  W. 

BEAUFORT,  seaport  t.  and  capital  Carteret 
eo.  N.  C.  on  Gore  Sound,  44  m.  S.  from  New 
bern.  Vessels  drawing  14  feet  water  can  as 
cend  to  this  place.  It  is  well  situated  to  be 
come  an  extensive  depot  of  trade  ;  and  it  is 
proposed  to  connect  its  sound  with  the  Neuse, 
Tar,  and  Roanoke  rivers. 

BEAUPORT,  Seigniory,  Quebec  co.  L.  C. 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Montmorenci  river,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 

BEAURIVAGE,  r.  L.  C.  enters  the  Chau- 
diere  about  4  m.  above  its  mouth. 

BEAUVAIS,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs 
into  lake  Michigan.  Lon.  85°  36'  W.;  lat. 
43°  50'  N. 

BEAVER,  or  Bearer,  r.  N.  H.  which  rises 
in  Londonderry,  and  runs  S.  into  the  Merri- 
mack,  in  Dracut. 

BEAVER,  co.  W.  side  of  Penn.  ;  bounded 
.N.  by  Mercer  co.  E.  by  Butler  co.  SW.  by 
Ailcghany  co,  S.  by  Washington  co.  and  W 


Pop.  24,206.     Chief  town, 


by   Ohio  state. 
Beavertown. 

BEAVER,  or  Beverton,  the  chief  town  of 
this  county,  is  situate  at  the  junction  of  the 
Beaver  river  with  the  Ohio,  near  the  centre 
of  the  county,  240  W.  by  N.  of  Harrisburg. 

BEAVER,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa. 

BEAVER,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Penn.  W. 
of  the  Susquehannah. 

BEAVER  DAM,  v.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 

BEAVER,  t.  Green  co.  Ohio ;  86  m.  WNW. 
Pittsburg. 

BEAVER,  t.  Columbia  co.  Ohio. 

BEAVER,  Little,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  rung 
into  the  Cumberland,  Ion.  85°  12'  W.  lat.  36° 
35' N. 

BEAVER,  South,  t.  Beaver  co.  Penn. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  r.  Alab.  which  runs 
into  the  Tennessee,  Ion.  87°  50'  W.  lat.  34° 
38' N. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  t.  Northumberland  co. 
Pa.  W.  the  Susquehannah. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
SW.  into  the  Papachton  ;  35  m.  long. 

BEAVER  CREEK  rises  in  the  township 
of  Caistor,  U.  C.  and  running  through  part  of 
Gainsborough,  empties  itself  into  Welland,  to 
which  river  it  runs  close,  and  nearly  parallel, 
for  almost  4  m.  before  it  discharges. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  in  the  t  of  Humber- 
stone,  runs  into  Lake  Erie  N.  of  Row's  Point, 
U.  C. 

BEAVER  CREEK  runs  into  Lake  Supe 
rior  on  the  N.  side,  between  river  Aupie  and 
river  Rouge,  U.  C. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 
85  m.  W.  from  Albany. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  mill  stream,  Clark  co 
Ohio,  running  northwardly  into  Buck  creek,  a 
little  distance  above  Springfield. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  name  of  a  creek  run 
ning  into  the  W.  side  of  Little  Miami  river,  in 
Green  co.  Ohio. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  also  the  name  of  a 
township  situated  on  the  above  stream,  in 
Green  co.  Pop.  1820,  384. 

BEAVER,  t.  Green  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1810 
799,  and  in  1820,  757. 

BEAVER  RIVER  empties  itself  into  the 
Narrows,  a  little  below  the  Falls  of  St.  Mary's, 
running  from  N.  to  S.  U.  C. 

BEAVER,  co.  Pa.  on  both  sides  of  Ohio 
river,  having  part  of  the  state  of  Ohio  W.,  Mer 
cer  N.  Butler  E.  Alleghany  SE.  and  Wash- 
ington  S.  It  is  about  40  m.  in  length  along 
the  state  of  Ohio,  with  a  mean  breadth  of 
15  m. ;  area  600  sq.  ms. ;  features  hilly  and 
broken;  soil  generally,  however,  fertile,  and 
well  wooded  and  watered.  Chief  town,  Beaver. 
cap.  Lat.  40°  50'  N.  Ion.  W.  3°  20'  W. 

BEAVER,  Big,  or  Mahoning,  r.  which  rises 
in  Portage  co.  Ohio,  passes  into  Pennsylvania, 
and  joins  the  Ohio,  at  Beavertown. 

BEAVER,  Little,  r.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio, 
which  runs  S.  into  the  Ohio  near  the  line  of 
Ohio  and  Pennsylvania;  43  m.  below  Pitts- 
burg.  It  affords  many  excellent  mill-seats. 
Near  the  mouth  of  this  river  there  is  a  spring, 


BEA— BED 


189 


from  which  issues  an  oil,  called  Seneca  oil 
which  is  highly  inflammable,  and  is  useful  as 
a  remedy  for  rheumatic  pains. 

BEAVER,  t.  Union  co.  Pa.  Pop.  in  1820, 
2,036. 

BEAVER,  bor.  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

BEAVER  DAM,  t.  Erie  co.  Pa. 

BEAVER  DAM,  Goochland  co.  Va. ;  24  m. 
NW  from  Richmond. 

BEAVER,  Little,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.  Pop.  in 
1810,  1,379,  in  1820,  1,144. 

BEAVER,  North,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.  Pop.  in 
1810/932,  in  1820,  1,206. 

BEAVER  IRON  WORKS,  t.  Bath.co.  Ken. 
78  m.  E.  from  Frankfort. 

BEAVER  ISLANDS,  remarkable  chain  of 
small  islands,  in  lake  Michigan,  extending 
about  30  m.  SW.  into  the  lake.  Lon.  85°  20' 
W.  lat.  62°  20'  N.  They  appear  beautiful, 
the  situation  pleasant,  but  the  soil  barren. 

BEAVERTOWN,  t.  Union  co.  Pa, ;  69  m. 
N.  from  Harrisburg. 

BEAVER,  the  southeasternmost  town  of 
Guernsey,  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1820,  556. 

BECANCOUR,  r.  of  L.  C.  enters  the  St. 
Lawrence,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  river  St. 
Maurice.  Its  sources  interlock  with  those  of 
the  Chaudiere. 

BECCARIA,  t.  Clearfield  co.  Pa, 

BECKET,  v.  of  Berkshire  co.  Mass,  on 
the  head  of  Westfield  r.  17  m,  SE,  from 
Lenox,  and  25  W.  from  Northampton.  Pop. 
1,065. 

BECKHAMSVILLE,  t.  Chester  district, 
S.  C.  on  the  Wateree,  32  m.  NW.  from  Cam- 
den. 

BEAVERSDAM,  v.  Queen  Anne  co.  Md. 
126  m.  from  W. 

BEAVERTOWN,  bor.  and  cap.  Beaver  co. 
Pa.  at  the  confluence  of  the  Big  Beaver  with 
the  Ohio;  30  m.  below  Pittsburg,  and  253 
from  W.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  busi 
ness,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
bank,  an  academy,  and  a  printing-office,  and 
has  various  manufactures.  There  is  a  valuable 
iron  mine  in  its  vicinity. 

BEAVERTOWN,  t.  Union  co.  Pa. 

BECKMANSVILLE,  v.  Schoharie  co.  N. 
Y.  376  m.  from  W. 

BECKMANSVILLE,  or  Rocky  Mount,  t. 
Chester  co.  S.  C.  on  the  Wateree ;  30  m.  NW. 
from  Camden,  and  480  from  W.  This  place 
is  celebrated  for  a  shad  fishery. 

BECKET,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  17  m. 
SE.  from  Lenox,  110  W.  from  Boston,  and 
376  from  W.  Pop.  1,065. 

BEDDINGTON,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine, 
near  the  source  of  Pleasant  river,  35  m.  NW. 
by  W.  from  Machias. 

BEDFORD,  t  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  Pop. 
1,554. 

BEDFORD,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  Pop.  685. 

BEDFORD,  (New)  t.  and  s-p.  Bristol  co. 
Mass. ;  26  m.  SSE.  from  Taunton,  52  S.  from 
Boston,  and  458  from  W.  Lat.  41°  38' N.  It 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  W.  side  of  an 
arm  of  the  sea  which  makes  up  from  Buzzard's 
bay.  It  contained  in  1810,  5,651  inhabitants: 
since  which  Fairhaven  on  the  opposite  side, 


has  been  set  off  and  separately  Incorporated, 
leaving  to  New  Bedford,  at  that  time,  a  popu 
lation  of  about  3,000,  of  whom  about  2,500 
were  in  the  village.  The  population  is  now 
7,592.  It  contains  an  insurance  office,  3 
banks,  10  churches,  and  7  manufactories  for 
spermaceti  candles.  The  harbor  is  safe  and 
commodious,  having  a  depth,  of  water  of  from 
3  to  4  fathoms.  The  shipping  belonging  to 
this  port  amounts  to  60,000  tons,  about  40,000 
of  which  is  employed  in  the  whale  fishery. 
Being  surrounded  by  a  country  which  fur 
nishes  but  few  articles  of  export,  the  prosper 
ity  of  the  town  depends  much  on  the  whale 
fishery.  The  exports  to  Europe  and  the  West 
Indies  for  two  years,  ending  June  30,  1818, 
averaged  130,000  dollars  each;  of  which 
sperm  and  whale  oil,  sperm  candles,  fish  and 
fish  oil,  constituted  the  greatest  part.  There 
are  several  rope-walks,  and  ship-building  is 
carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent. 

BEDFORD,  bor.  v.  and  cap.  of  Bedford  co. 
Pa.  about  189  m.  W.  of  Philadelphia,  91  E. 
by  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and  150  NW.  from  W. 
The  situation  of  this  town  is  extremely  ro 
mantic,  being  surrounded  by  mountains.  It 
is  now  much  frequented  in  the  summer 
season  on  account  of  the  mineral  springs  in 
its  neighborhood.  Pop.  in  1810,  547,  and  in 
1820,  789.  The  co.  was  divided  from  Cum- 
berland,  and  Bedford  erected  into  a  county 
town,  March  1771. 

BEDFORD,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  52 
m.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,554. 

BEDFORD,  t.  Middlebury  co.  Mass.;  16 
m.  NW.  from  Boston.  Pop,  685. 

BEDFORD,  co.  Pa.  having  Md.  S.  Somer 
set  W.  Cambria  NW.  Huntingdon  NE.  and 
Franklin  SE.  Length  52  m.  mean  breadth, 
about  31;  containing  1,600  sq.  ms. ;  surface 
extremely  diversified  by  mountains,  hills,  and 
valleys ;  soil  equally  varied  :  in  general  rocky 
and  barren  in  the  mountains,  but  fertile  and 
well  watered  in  the  valleys.  Staples,  grain, 
flour,  whiskey,  and  salted  provisions.  It  is 
very  productive  in  excellent  iron,  and  pos 
sesses  some  mineral  coal.  The  springs  near 
Bedford  have  become  a  place  of  fashionable 
resort  in  the  months  of  July,  August,  and 
September.  Chief  town,  Bedford.  Pop.  54,636. 

BEDFORD,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.  Pop,  in 
1820, 1,321. 

BEDFORD,  v.  Cuyahoga  co  Ohio. 

BEDFORD,  co.  Va.  having  Franklin  SW. 
Botetourt  W.  and  NW.  Rockbridge  N.  Am- 
herst  NE.  Campbell  SE.  and  Pittsylvania  S. 
It  is  30  m.  in  length,  by  a  mean  breadth  of 
22 ;  area  660  sq.  ms.  separated  by  the  Blue 
Ridge  from  Botetourt  co.  A  part  of  Bedford 
is  mountainous;  it  is,  in  general,  however, 
hilly,  and  moderately  fertile.  Staples,  tobacco 
and  grain.  Chief  town,  Liberty.  Pop.  20,253, 
of  whom  8,790  were  slaves. 

BEDFORD,  E.  part  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

BEDFORD,  t,  West-Chester  co.  N.  Y.;  44 
m.  NNE.  from  New  York,  130  S.  from  Al 
bany,  and  272  from  W.  Pop.  2,750.  The 
village  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an 
academy,  and  a  Presbyterian  meeting-house 


190 


BED— BEL 


The  courts  of  the  county  are  held  alternately 
at  Bedford,  and  at  White  Plains. 

BEDFORD,  v.  in  the  northern  part  of 
Henry  co.  Ken.  12  m.  SE.  from  Port  William, 
at  the  mouth  of  Ken.  r.  and  40  NW.  from 
Frankfort. 

BEDFORD,  v.  Cayahoga  co.  Ohio,  184  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus. 

BEAJORA,  co.  of  Ten.  on  Duck  river, 
having  Maury  W.,  Williamson  NW.  Ruther 
ford  N.  Warren  NE.,  Franklin  SE.  and  Lin- 
coin  S.  Staples,  cotton  and  small  grain.  Chief 
town,  Shelby  ville.  Pop,  16,012. 

BEDMINSTER,  t  Sussex  co.  N.  J. ;  13  m. 
SE.  from  Morristown.  Here  is  an  academy. 

BEDM INSTER,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 

BEDMINSTER,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

BECKMAN,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  ;  12  m. 
E.  from  Hudson  city.  This  township  con 
tains  6  houses  of  public  worship.  Pop.  1,584. 

BEELIN'S  FERRY,  v.  Cumberland,  co. 
Pa. ;  144  m.  from  W. 

BEECH  GROVE,  t.  E.  Feliciana  parish,  La. 

BEECH  HILL,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ten.  70  m. 
NE.  from  Nashville. 

BEECH  PARK,  tGallatin  co,  Ken.  by  the 
post-road,  48  rn.  N.  from  Frankfort. 

BEEKMAN,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  10  m. 
E.  from  Poughkcepsie,  Pop.  1,584. 

BEEKMANTOWN,  t  Clinton  co.  N.  Y. 
Pop.  2,391. 

BEEKMANSVILLE,  v.  Schoharie  co.  N. 
York. 

BEEKMANTOWN,  v.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y. 
173  m.  N.  from  Albany. 

BEELING'S  FERRY,  v.  of  Cumberland 
co.  Pa. 

BEERING,  or  Bhering's  Strait,  the  nar 
row  sea  between  the  W.  coast  of  N.  America, 
and  the  E.  coast  of  Asia.  It  is  13  leagues 
wide,  in  the  narrowest  part,  between  the  capes 
Prince  of  Wales,  and  Tchukotskoi.  The 
Arctic  Circle  passes  this  strait,  a  little  N.  of 
the  narrowest  part. 

BEERING'S,  formerly  Admiralty  Bay, 
NW.  coast  of  N.  America.  Lon.  62°  W.  lat 
59°  20'  N. 

BEESLEY'S,  t.  Cape  May  co.  N.  J.  105  m. 
S.  from  Trenton. 

BEL-AIR,  or  Bellair,  t.  and  cap,  Harford 
co.  Md. ;  23  m.  NNE.  from  Baltimore,  and  68 
from  W.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
Methodist  meeting-house,  and  an  academy. 

BELCHERTOWN,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 
15  m.  ESE.  from  Northampton,  80  W.  from 
Boston,  and  400  from  W.  It  is  a  pleasant 
town.  Pop.  2,491. 

BELFAST,  s-p.  Waldo  co,  Maine ;  12  m. 
NW.  from  Castine,  224  NE.  from  Boston,  and 
641  from  W.  Lat.  44°  25'  N.  It  is  delight 
fully  situated  on  Belfast  bay,  at  the'mouth  of 
a  small  river  of  the  same  name,  and  at  the 
NW.  part  of  Penobscot  bay.  It  has  a  good 
harbor  and  great  maritime  advantages,  and  is 
a  flourishing  town.  Pop.  3,077. 

BELFAST,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

BELFAST,  v.  Laurens  district,  S.  C. ;  559 
m.  from  W. 

BELLFONTAINE,  a  small  town  and  seat 


of  justice  for  Logan  co.  Ohio,  18  m.  N  from 
Urbana,  and  56  NW.  from  Columbus. 

BELFORD,  v.  Nash  co.  N.  C. ;  259  m. 
from  W. 

BELGRADE,  t  Kennebeck  co.  Maine;  13 
m.  NNW.  from  Augusta,  and  172  ENE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,375. 

BELLAIRE,  Seigniory,  L.  Canada,  Hamp 
shire  co.  on  the  N.  side  of  St.  Lawrence  r.  24 
m.  above  Quebec. 

BELL  BROOK,  v.  Green  co.  Ohio. 

BELLAIR,  v.  Lancaster  district,  S.  C. ;  471 
m  from  W. 

BELLAMY  BANK  RIVER,  r.  N.  H. 
wh:«eh  rises  in  Barrington,  and  flows  into  the 
Piscataqua,  in  S.  part  of  Dover. 

BELLAMY,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  near 
the  coast  of  S.  C.  Lon.  78°  35'  W.  lat.  33° 
50' N. 

BELLE-FONTAINE,  v.  and  military  post, 
Missouri  Territory,  on  S.  side  of  the  Missouri, 
4  m.  above  its  mouth,  16  N.  from  St.  Louis. 
Here  is  a  palisade  work  and  barracks,  suffi 
cient  to  accommodate  300  men. 

BELLEFONTE,  bor.  and  cap.  Centre  co. 
Pa, ;  3  m.  from  Milesburg,  238  WNW.  from 
Philadelphia,  and  189  from  W.  It  has  an 
elevated  situation  at  the  head  of  boat  naviga 
tion  on  Spring  Creek.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
and  contains  a  bank,  an  academy,  the  county 
buildings,  &c.  and  is  situated  in  a  fertile 
country. 

BELLEISLE,  isl.  of  North  America  at  the 
mouth  of  the  strait  between  New  Britain  and 
Newfoundland,  whence  the  straits  take  also 
the  name  of  Belleisle.  Lon.  21°  33'  W.  from 
W.  lat.  51°  55'  N. 

BELLE-RIVER,  U.  C.  runs  into  St.  Clair, 
to  the  eastward  of  r.  Aux  Puces,  and  is  navi 
gable  for  boats  some  way  up. 

BELLE  VERNON,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  8  m. 
from  Uniontown,  and  194  SW.  by  W.  from 
Harrisburg. 

BELLEVIEW,  and  settlement  of  Wash- 
ington  co.  Miso.  in  the  Maine  district ;  it  con 
tains  about  1000  inhabitants. 

BELLEVILLE,  v.  Essex  co.  N.  J. ;  5  m. 
above  Newark,  on  the  Passaic  river.  At  this 
place,  printing,  bleaching,  and  dying  manu 
factories  are  established.  The  calico-printing 
works  produce  annually  near  7,000,000  yards. 

BELLEyiLLE,  t.  Wood  co.  Va.  on  the  left 
bank  of  Ohio  r.  at  the  mouth  of  Lee's  creek. 

BELLEVILLE,  t.  Logan  co.  Ohio. 

BELLEVILLE,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  W.  branch  of  Mohiccon  creek. 

BELLEVILLE,  v.  on  Trade  W^ater  r.  in 
the  western  part  of  Hopkins  co.  Ken.  200  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Frankfort. 

BELLEVILLE,  v.  Cunecuh  co.  Ala.  70  m. 
NNE.  from  Pensacola,  and  100  m.  S.  from 
Cahaba. 

BELLEVIEW,  fief  of  L.  C.  in  Surry  co. 
on  the  right  bank  of  St  Lawrence,  22  m.  NE. 
from  Montreal. 

BELLEVILLE,  parish,  Newbury,  Mass.  1 
m.  from  Newbury  port. 

BELLEVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  St.  Clair  co.  II. 
18  m.  from  the  Mississippi;  15  E.  from  Caho- 


BEL— BER 


191 


kia,  50  N.  from  Kaskaskia,  and  992  from  W. 
It  is  surrounded  by  a  rich  country,  which  is 
rapidly  increasing  in  population. 

BELLEVILLE,  v.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.  139  m. 
from  W. 

BELLFIELD,  t.  Greensville  co.  Va.  on  the 
Meherrin,  opposite  Hicksfbrd ;  45  m.  S.  from 
Petersburg. 

BELLINGHAM,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  26  m. 
SW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,101. 

BELLONA,  arsenal  and  t  Chesterfield,  Va. 
10  m.  NE.  from  Lexington. 

BELLOWS  FALLS,  a  cataract  in  the 
Connecticut  between  Walpole  and  Rocking, 
ham,  consisting  of  several  pitches  in  a  very 
narrow  strait  of  the  river.  A  large  rock  here 
divides  the  stream  into  two  channels,  each  90 
feet  wide,  but  when  the  river  is  low  the  whole 
current  is  thrown  into  the  western  channel, 
where  it  is  contracted  to  16  feet  and  rushes 
with  astonishing  rapidity.  A  bridge  is  built 
over  these  falls,  and  a  canal  passes  round 
them. 

BELLOWS  FALLS,  v.  in  the  township  of 
Rockingham,  Vt.  opposite  the  falls  ;  5  m.  NW. 
from  Walpole,  26  S.  from  Windsor,  and  452 
from  W.  It  is  a  flourishing  village,  and  con 
tains  an  Episcopal  church,  a  printing-office,  a 
paper-mill,  an  oil-mill,  and  other  mills. 

BELLVILLE,  v.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Rock- 
bridge  co.  Va.  10m.  NE.  from  Lexington,  and 
151  W.  from  Richmond. 

BELLVUE,  extensive  prairie  of  La.  in  the 
Opelousas.  It  lies  between  the  waters  of  the 
Teche  and  Vermilion,  and  those  of  the  Mer- 
mentau  r. 

BELMONT,  v.  Hancock  co.  Me.  97  m. 
WE.  from  Portland. 

BELMONT,  v.  Wayne  co.  Miss.  168  m. 
from  St.  Charles. 

BELMONT,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  20  m.  W. 
from  Castine.  Pop.  1,024. 

BELMONT,  co.  Ohio,  having  the  Ohio  r. 
E.  Monroe  co.  S.  Guernsey  W  Harrison  and 
Jefferson  N.  Staples,  grain  and  salted  pro 
visions.  Chief  town,  Woodfield.  Pop.  24,412. 

BELPRE,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Ohio  r.  14  m.  SW.  from  Marietta,  319  from 
W.  It  is  a  pleasant  town. 

BELVIDERE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  the 
waters  of  La  Moelle  r.  38  m.  N.  from  Mont- 
pelier.  Pop.  185. 

BELVIDERE,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
Delaware,  at  the  mouth  of  Pequest  r.  11  m. 
NNE.  from  Easton,  54  from  Trenton,  208  from 
W.  It  is  a  handsome  village,  has  valuable 
mills,  and  is  the  seat  of  justice  for  the  county. 
Here  is  a  bridge  over  the  Delaware. 

BENEDICT,  t.  Charles  co.  Md.  on  W.  side 
of  the  Patuxent ;  68  m.  SW.  from  Baltimore, 
48  from  W. 

BENGAL,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  NE. 
side  of  Oneida  lake,  423  m.  from  W.  It  lies 
un  the  W.  side  of  Rome,  between  Fish  creek 
and  Constantia. 

BENJAMINVILLE,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
299  m.  from  W 

BENNINGTON,  co.  Vt.  forming  the  SW. 
angle  of  that  state,  having  Rutland  N.  Wind 


sor  NE.  Windham  E.  Berkshire  in  Mass.  S. 
and  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  W.  It  is  40  m.  in 
length,  with  a  mean  width  of  17  m.  area  680 
sq.  rns. ;  its  features  are  hilly  in  general,  and 
in  part  mountainous.  At  Mount  Anthony  there 
is  a  cave  containing  many  beautiful  petrifac 
tions.  Staples,  flour,  salted  provisions,  and 
lumber.  Chief  town,  Bennington.  Pop.  1820. 
16,125 ;  1830,  17,470. 

BENNINGTON,  chief  town  of  Bennington 
co.  Vt.  36  m.  NE.  from  Albany,  36  W.  from 
Brattleborough,  33  N.  from  Pittsfield,  in  Mass. 
It  is  famous  for  a  victory  obtained  here,  Aug. 
16th,  1777,  by  the  troops  of  the  U.  S.  under 
Gen.  Starke,  over  a  detachment  of  the  British 
army,  or  rather  Hessians,  under  Cols.  Baum 
and  Breyman,  which  was  a  prelude  to  the  de 
cisive  victory  at  Saratoga,  by  which  Gen.  Bur- 
goyne  and  all  his  army  submitted  to  the  U.  S. 
army  under  Gen.  Gates.  The  principal  public 
edifices  are  a  church,  court-house,  and  jaiL  It 
lies  in  lat.  42°  52'  N.  arid  Ion.  3°  56'  E.  from 
W.  Pop.  3,419. 

BENNINGTON,  v.  Mercer  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Shenango,  60  m.  NNW.  from  Pittsburg. 

BENNINGTON,  t.  in  the  NE.  quarter  of 
Delaware  co,  Ohio.  Pop.  1820,  412. 

BENNINGTON,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

BENNINGTON,  v.  St.  Clair  co.  Ala.  163 
m.  N.  from  Cahaba. 

BENNINGTON,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  15 
m.  SW.  from  Batavia.  Pop.  796. 

BENNSVILLE,  v.  Charles  co.  Md.  8  m. 
from  Piscataway,  23  from  W. 

BENSALEM,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on  the  NW. 
side  of  the  Delaware,  SW.  from  Bristol. 

BENSBOROUGH,  v.  Pitts  co.  N.  C.  60  m. 
SE.  from  Raleigh,  278  from  W. 

BENSON,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  E.  lake  Cham- 
plain,  62  m.  S.  from  Burlington,  446  from  W. 
Pop.  1,493, 

BENT  CREEK,  v.  Buckingham  co.  Va.  222 
m.  from  W. 

BENTINCK  POINT,  the  NE.  point  of 
Henchenbrook  island,  NW.  coast  of  America. 
Lon.  214°  24'  E.;  lat.  60°  28'  N. 

BENTINCK'S  ARMS,  two  branches  of  an 
inlet  on  the  NW.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  233° 
to  233°  21'  E. ;  lat.  52°  to  52°  25'  N. 

BENTLEYVILLE,  v.  Halifax  co.  N.C.; 
275  m.  from  W. 

BENTON,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side 
of  Seneca  lake,  339  m.  from  W.  It  lies  on  W. 
side  of  Jerusalem. 

BENTON,  t.  Scott  co.  Mis.  165  m.  from  St. 
Louis. 

BENTON,  North,  v.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

BERGEN,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  437  m.  from 
W.  Pop.  1,508. 

BERGEN,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  NNE.  by  New 
York,  E.  by  the  Hudson,  S.  and  SW.  by  Essex 
and  Morris  cos.  and  W.  by  Sussex  co.  Pop. 
22,414.  Chief  town,  Hackensack. 

BERGEN,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  near  the  mouth 
of  tlie  Hudson,  3  m.  W.  from  New  York,  88 
NE.  from  Philadelphia.  Lon.  74°  55'  W.; 
lat.  40^  44'  N. 

BERKHAMSTEAD,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct. 
The  lands  are  rough  and  broken.  Pop.  1,715 


192 


BER— BER 


BERKLEY,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass. ;  5  m.  S. 
from  Taunton,  36  S.  from  Boston,  484  from  W. 
Pop.  907. 

BERKLEY,  or  Sandtown,  v.  Gloucester  co. 
N.  J.  14  m.  from  Philadelphia. 

BERKLEY,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  the  Po 
tomac,  E.  by  Teffemm  co.  S.  by  Frederick  co. 
and  W.  by  Hampshire  co.  Pop.  10,528.  Chief 
town,  Martinsburg. 

BERKLEY  SPRINGS,  t.  Berkley  co.  Va. 
110  m.  from  W.  These  springs  are  near  the 
town  of  Bath.  The  waters  are  useful  to  per 
sons  laboring1  under  the  jaundice,  or  affections 
of  the  liver.  They  are  finely  situated,  and 
much  resorted  to  by  gay  and  fashionable  peo 
ple,  as  well  as  by  invalids. 

BERKLEY'S  SOUND,  NW.  coast  of  Ame 
rica,  70  m.  SE.  from  Nootka  Sound. 

BERKS,  co.  Pa.  on  the  SchuylkilL  Pop. 
53,357.  This  is  one  of  the  most  fertile  coun 
ties  in  Pa.  Chief  town,  Reading. 

BERKSHIRE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  the 
Missisque  r.  39  m.  N.  from  Burlington.  Pop. 
1,308. 

BERKSHIRE,  co.  Mass,  the  W.  part  of  the 
state.  Pop.  37,825.  Chief  town,  Lenox.  It 
is  crossed  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Green  moun 
tains.  Quarries  of  marble  are  opened  in 
Stockbridge,  Sheffield,  Lanesborough,  and  other 
places. 

BERKSHIRE,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  210  m. 
SW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,683. 

BERKSHIRE,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  10  m. 
E.  from  Delaware,  23  N.  from  Columbus. 

BERKSHIRE  VALLEY,  v.  Morris  co.  N.  J. 

BERLIN,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.;  14  m. 
NNE.  from  Worcester,  23  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  692. 

BERLIN,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  3  m.  SSW. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,664. 

BERLIN,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  11  m.  S.  from 
Hartford,  23  N.  from  Hew  Haven,  on  the  turn 
pike  road  between  these  two  cities.  It  is  di 
vided  into  three  parishes,  Worthington,  Ken 
sington,  and  New  Britain.  Pop.  3,038.  Wor 
thington  is  the  principal  seat  of  the  manufac 
ture  of  tin  ware,  which  is  carried  on  by  ped 
lars  to  a  very  great  extent.  The  pedlars  set 
off  in  the  autumn  in  wagons  loaded  with  the 
tin  ware,  together  with  other  articles  of  mer 
chandise,  and  proceed  chiefly  to  the  southern 
and  western  states.  Workmen  are  also  sent 
out  by  water  with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  the 
raw  materials  to  employ  them  during  the  win 
ter,  and  establish  themselves  in  different  towns 
in  the  interior.  To  them  the  pedlar  resorts, 
when  his  stock  is  exhausted,  for  a  fresh  sup 
ply.  In  this  way  a  large  amount  of  goods  is 
sold  during  the  six  or  eight  months  that  they 
are  absent,  and  their  tin  ware  is  thus  distrib 
uted  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 

BERLIN,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa.  13  m.  W.  from 
York,  100  W.  from  Philadelphia,  89  from  W. 

BERLIN,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.  30  m.  WSW. 
from  Bedford,  240  W.  from  Philadelphia,  194 
fromW. 

BERLIN,  t.  Rensseker  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  E. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  2,019. 

BERLIN,  New,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  7  m. 


ENE.  from  Norwich,  90  W.  from  Albany,  355 
from  W.     Pop.  1,632. 

BERLIN,  New,  t.  Union  co.  Pa. ;  174  m. 
from  W. 

BERLIN,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  83  m.  N.  from 
Columbus. 

BERLIN,  Coshocton  co.  Ohio. 

BERLIN,  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

BERLINSVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
207  m.  from  W. 

BERMUDA  HUNDRED,  small  settlement 
on  a  point  of  land  between  the  junction  of  the 
Appomatox  with  James  river,  2  m.  N.  from 
City  Point,  22  by  land  and  upwards  of  50  by 
the  river  ESE.  from  Richmond. 

BERMUDAS,  or  Powers'  Islands,  a  cluster 
of  small  islands  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  in  num 
ber  about  400,  but  for  the  most  part  so  small 
and  barren,  that  they  have  neither  inhabitants 
nor  name.  200  leagues  distant  from  Cape 
Hatteras  in  N.  Carolina,  which  last  is  the 
nearest  land  to  them.  They  extend  from  NE. 
to  SW.  about  45  m.  Their  whole  coast  is  sur 
rounded  with  rocks.  The  N.  point  of  tho 
islands  lies  in  lat.  32°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  63°  28'  W. 
The  largest  of  these  islands  are  St.  George, 
which  is  4  or  5  m.  long  and  2  broad ;  St.  Da- 
vid,  Cooper,  Ireland,  Somerset,  Long  Island, 
Bird  Island,  and  Nonesuch.  On  the  first  there 
is  a  town,  containing  about  300  houses.  The 
winter  is  hardly  perceptible  here.  The  fields 
and  trees  are  clad  in  perpetual  green,  and  BO 
salubrious  is  the  air,  that  invalids  frequently 
come  hither  for  the  recovery  of  their  health. 
The  Bermudas  contain  from  10,000  to  12,000 
acres  of  poor  land,  of  which  nine  parts  in  ten 
are  either  uncultivated,  or  reserved  in  woods 
for  the  supplying  of  timber  for  building  small 
ships,  sloops,  and  shallops  for  sale ;  this  being 
the  principal  employment  of  the  inhabitants. 
Pop.  estimated  at  10,381 ;  5,462  of  whom  are 
whites,  and  4,919  are  blacks.  They  have  two 
harvests  of  Indian  corn  in  the  year,  one  in 
July,  the  other  in  December.  They  likewise 
cultivate  tobacco,  legumes,  and  fruit  sufficient 
for  their  wants. 

BERMUDIAN,  v.  York  co.  Pa.  48  m.  S. 
from  Harrisburg. 

BERN,  t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  W.  from 
Albany,  397  from  W.  This  township  contains 
5  houses  for  public  worship. 

BERN,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  Y. 

BERN,  Upper,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

BERN,  Lower,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa, 

BERN,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 

BERNARDSTON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  5 
m.  N.  from  Greenfield,  96  WNW.  from  Boston, 
413  from  W.  Here  is  a  quarry  of -marble. 

BERNARDSTOWN,  t.  Somerset  co.  N  J 
Pop.  1,879. 

BERNE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass,  on  the  Hock- 
hocking,  3  m.  W.  from  Lancaster. 

BERNER'S  BAY,  on  the  NW.  coast  of 
America,  between  Point  Bridget  and  Point  St. 
Mary.  Lat.  58°  43£'  N. 

BERRY-HILL-BLUFF,  v.  Putnam  co.  Geo. 

BERRYSBURG,  v.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  28  m. 
from  Harrisburg. 

BERRY'S  FERRY,  over  the  Shenandoan, 


BER— BEU 


193 


and  t.  Frederick  co.  Va.  on  the   road  from 
Leesburg  to  Winchester,  58  m.  W.  from  W. 

BERRY'S  LICK,  v.  Logan  co.  Ken.  745 
m.  from  W. 

BERRYSVILLE,  v.  Charles  co.  Md. 

BERRYSVILLE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C. 
460  m.  from  W. 

BERTHIER,  v.  and  seigniory,  Warwick  co. 
L.  Canada,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
4G  m.  NE.  from  Montreal,  50  SW.  from  Three 
Rivers.  The  village  contains  at  least  80  houses, 
and  many  granaries,  and  store-houses  of  Brit 
ish  manufactured  goods.  The  neighboring 
country  is  .thriving  and  populous,  and  from  it 
large  quantities  of  grain  are  annually  exported; 

BERTHIER,  seigniory,  Hertford  co.  L.C. 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  25  m.  E. 
from  Quebec. 

BERTIE,  t.  Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  on  lake  Erie, 
at  its  eastern  extremity,  having  Niagara  r.  on 
the  east. 

BERTIE,  co.  N.  C.  on  the  Roanoke,  at  its 
entrance  into  Albemarle  Sound.  Pop.  12,276. 
Chief  town,  Windsor. 

BERWICK,  t.  York  co.  Maine,  on  Salmon 
Fall  r.  16  m.  NW.  from  Portsmouth.  The 
village  extends  about  2  m.  along  the  r.  and  car 
ries  on  a  considerable  trade,  chiefly  in  lumber. 
Berwick  has  an  academy.  Pop.  3,168. 

BERWICK,  South,  t.  York  co.  Maine,  on 
Salmon  Fall  r.  12  m.  NW.  from  York,  17  N. 
by  W.  from  Portsmouth.  At  the  landing  at  the 
foot  of  the  falls  is  a  flourishing  village. 

BERWICK,  t.  Columbia  co.  Pa.  on  the  E. 
branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  opposite  the  falls 
in  Nescopeck  creek,  22J  m.  above  Sunbury, 

BERWICK,  or  Ablotstown,  Adams  co.  Pa. 
41  m.  SW;  from  Harrisburg. 

BESBOROUGH  ISLAND,  in  Norton  Sound, 
on  the  NW.  coast  of  America.  Lat.  63°  10'  N. 

BETHABARA,  t.  Stokes  co.  N.C.  4  m.  SE. 
from  Bethania ;  remarkable  for  being  the  first 
settlement  of  the  Moravians  in  that  section  of 
the  U.  S. ;  begun  in  1753. 

BETHANIA,  or  Bethany,  t.  Stokes  co.  N.C. 
4  m.  N  W.  from  Bethabara,  9  NW.  from  Salem, 
10  SW.  from  Germantown,  368  from  W.  It 
is  a  Moravian  town. 

BETHANY,  t.  Gcnesee  co.  N.  Y.  397  m, 
fromW.  Pop.  2,374. 

BETHANY,  t.  and  cap.  Wayne  co.  Pa.  50 
m.  NE.  from  Wilkesbarre,  279  from  W. 

BETHANY  CHURCH,  t.  Iredell  co.  N.  C. 
170  m.  W.  from  Raleigh. 

BETHEL,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  18  m.  NW, 
from  Paris,  170  NNE.  from  Boston,  593  from  W, 

BETHEL,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  29  m.  NNW, 
from  Windsor. 

BETHEL,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  60  m.  W 
from  Newburg,  307  from  W. 

BETHEL,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

BETHEL,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

BETHEL,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  20  m.  NW 
from  StrarTord,  26  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  New 
Haven. 

BETHEL,  t.  Lebanon  co.  Pa. 

BETHEL,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

BETHEL,  t.  York  co.  Maine,  chiefly  on  the 
S,  bank  of  the  Ar.droscoggin  r, 
Z 


BETHEL,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa. 

BETHEL,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  at  the  foot  of 
;he  Blue  mountain. 

BETHEL,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio. 

BETHEL,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  656  m. 
from  W. 

BETHEL,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio. 

BETHLEHEM,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  69  rm 
N;  from  Concord. 

BETHLEHEM,  t.  Albany  do.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  8  m.  below  Albany.  In  this  town 
two  remarkable  caves  have  lately  been  dis 
covered. 

BETHLEHEM,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  on 
a  branch  of  the  Raritan.  Pop.  1820,  2,002. 

BETHLEHEM,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  on 
the  Lehigh,  12  m.  SW.  from  Easton,  53  N.  from 
Philadelphia.  It  is  a  settlement  of  the  Mora 
vians  or  United  Brethren.  The  situation  is 
healthful  and  pleasant,  and  in  summer  is  fre 
quented  by  travellers  from  various  places. 
There  are  two  boarding  schools,  one  for  young 
ladies,  and  the  other  for  boys,  which  are  in 
high  repute,  and  receive  many  scholars  from 
New  York,  Philadelphia,  and  other  parts  of 
the  United  States. 

BETHLEHEM,  t.  Oglethorpe  co.  Geo.  65 
m.  NNE.  from  Milledgeville. 

BETHLEHEM,  t.  Clarke  co.  In.  100  m.  S. 
from  Indianapolis. 

BETHLEHEM,  East,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
on  the  Monongahela. 

BETHLEHEM,  West,  t.  Washington  co. 
Pa. 

BETHLEHEM,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio. 

BETHLEHEM'S  CREEK,  or  Vlaman't 
kill,  N.  Y.  runs  into  the  Hudson,  7  m.  below 
Albany. 

BETHLEHEM-CROSS-ROADS,  v.  South 
ampton  co.  Va. 

BETHLEM,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  9  m.  S. 
from  Litchfield,  32  NNW.  from  New  Haven. 
Pop.  906. 

BETHSAIDA,  v.  Jones  co.  Geo.  25  m.  W. 
from  Milledgeville. 

BETTSBURG,  v.  in  Jerusalem,  Chenango 
co.  N.  Y.  307  m.  from  W. 

BEVERLY,  t.  and  s-p.  Essex  co.  Mass.  1J 
m.  N.  from  Salem,  16  NNE.  from  Boston,  453 
from  W.  It  is  connected  with  Salem  by  a 
bridge  1,500  feet  in  length.  It  contains  seve 
ral  meeting-houses,  a  bank,  and  an  insurance 
office.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade,  and 
is  largely  concerned  in  the  fisheries.  Pop. 
4,079.  ' 

BEVERLY,  t.  and  cap.  Randolph  co.  Va. 
50  m.  W.  by  N.  from  Franklin,  280  WNW. 
from  Richmond,  129  from  W.  It  is  handsome, 
ly  situated  between  two  branches  of  Tygart's 
Valley  r.  and  is  laid  out  in  3  parallel  streets. 
It  contains  a  brick  court-house,  a  jail,  and  is  a 
place  of  considerable  business. 

BEVERLY,  t  York  co.  U.  C.  SW.  from 
York. 

BEUF  RIVER,  r.  of  N.  A.  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi.  Lon.  91°  34'  W.;  lat  39° 
15' N. 

BEUF  RIVER,  r.  of  N.  A.  which  runs  into 
the  Missouri.  Lon.  91°  45'  W. ;  lat.  38'  25'  N 


194 


BEU— BIM 


BEULA,  smell  t.  Cambria  co.  Pa.  planted 
chiefly  by  emigrants  from  Wales,  (G.  B.)  about 
60  m.  E.  from  Pittsburg. 

BIBB,  co.  Ala.  bounded  N.  by  Shelby,  E.  by 
Coosa  r-  S.  by  Autauga  and  Perry,  and  W.  by 
Tuscaloosa.  Cahaba  r.  passes  through  this 
county,  and  the  33°  N.  lat.  and  10°  of  Ion.  W. 
from  W.  intercepts  in  its  western  part.  Pop. 
6,305. 

BIBB,  C.  H.  and  t.  Bibb  co.  Ala.  35  m.  SE. 
by  E.  from  Tuscaloosa. 

BIG,  seigniory,  Cornwallis  co.  L.  C.  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  153  m.  below 
Quebec.- 

BICHE  MARIAS  A  LA,  empties  itself 
into  lake  Ontario,  at  the  NE.  part  of  the  t.  of 
Grantham,  U.C. 

BICKLEY'S  STORE,  t.  Abbeville  district, 
S.  C.  100  m.  W.  from  Columbus. 

BIDDEFORD,  t.  and  s-p.  York  co.  Maine, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Saco,  on  W.  side  oppo 
site  Saco,  27  m.  NE.  from  York,  105  NE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,995. 

BIDDLE,  lake,  one  of  the  sources  of  Big 
horn  r.  Is  laid  down  on  Mellish's  map  ;  it  is 
at  42°  40'  N.  lat. ;  Ion.  32°  40'  W.  from  W. 

BIENVENU,  a  bayou  in  the  parish  of  Or 
leans,  Lou.  running  E.  into  lake  Borgne.  By 
this  channel  the  British  army  reached  the  Mis 
sissippi  in  Dec.  1814,  when  marching  upon 
New  Orleans. 

BIEKA,  or  Crab,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands, 
9  m.  ESE.  from  Porto  Rico.  Lon.  65°  15'  W. 
Lat.  18°  N. 

BIGBAY  SETTLEMENT,  v.  Illinois,  868 
m.  from  W. 

BIGBLACK,  r.  Mississippi,  runs  SW.  170 
m.  and  falls  into  the  Mississippi  at  the  Great 
Gulf,  50  m.  above  Natchez.  It  is  navigable 
in  wet  seasons  70  m. 

BIGBLUE,  r.  Indiana,  runs  into  the  Ohio, 
about  16  m.  W.  from  Cory  don. 

BIGBONE  CREEK,  Ken.  runs  N.  into  the 
Ohio,  40  m.  below  Cincinnati.  Bigbone  Licks 
is  8  m.  above  its  mouth,  and  is  a  tract  of  land 
on  each  side  of  the  r.  furrowed  by  the  tongues 
of  the  buffaloes  and  deer,  who  lick  it  for  the 
salt  with  which  it  is  impregnated.  It  receives 
its  name  from  the  bones  of  some  enormous 
animal  which  were  found  here. 

BIG  CREEK,  a  branch  of  the  LoosaHatchie 
r.  Shelby  co.  Ten. 

BIGDRY,  r.  N.  A.  which  runs  into  the  Mis 
souri,  25  m.  from  Bigdry  Creek. 

BIGDRY  CREEK,  r.  N.  A.  which  runs  into 
the  Missouri,  150  m.  W.  of  the  Yellowstone. 

BIG-EAGLE,  t.  Scott  co.  Ken.  25  m.  from 
Frankfort. 

BIG  EDDY,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into  the 
Cumberland. 

BIG  FLAT,  v.  in  the  t.  of  Elmira,  Tioga  co. 
N.  Y.  288  m.  from  W. 

BIG  HACHY,  r.  Ten.  and  Mis.  rises  in 
the  latter,  and  flowing  NW.  enters  Henderson 
and  Madison  cos.  in  the  former ;  gradually 
turns  W.  and  falls  in  the  Mississippi  r. ;  lat 
35°  30'  N. 

BIGHORN,  r.  N.  A.  rises  in  the  Rocky 
mountains,  near  the  sources  of  the  Platte,  and 


falls  into  the  Yellowstone  at  Manuel's  fort, 
Its  length  is  800  m.  In  its  course  it  receives 
two  considerable  rivers,  one  from  the  W.  and 
one  from  the  S.  called  Little  Bighorn  r.  It  is 
unobstructed  by  falls,  and  is  navigable  to  a 
great  distance  in  canoes,  through  a  rich  open 
country. 

BIGHORN,  Little,  r.  N.  A.;  E.  branch  of 
the  Bighorn. 

BIG  LICK,  v.  Botetourt  co.  Va.  266  m, 
from  W. 

BIG  MUDDY  CREEK,  v.  Randolph  co. 
Illinois,  853  m.  from  W. 

BIG  PRAIRIE,  t.  near  Wooster,  Wayne  co. 
Ohio,  90  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

BIGPRAIRIE,  t.  New  Madrid  co.  Miso. 

BIGRIVER,  t.  St.  Genevieve  co.  Miso. 

BIGRIVER,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Miso. 

BIGRIVER  MILLS,  t.  St.  Francis  co.  Miso. 
90  m.  from  St.  Charles. 

BIGROCK,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

BIGROCK,  t.  Pulaski  co.  Arkansas,  extends 
80  m.  along  Arkansas  r. 

BIG-SANDY,  creek,  Geo.  runs  into  the  Oc- 
onee,  about  20  m.  above  Dublin. 

BIG  SANDY,  r.  rises  in  the  Allegheny 
mountains,  near  the  heads  of  the  Tennessee 
and  Cumberland  rivers,  and  falls  into  the  Ohia 
r.  between  Virginia  and  Kentucky.  It  is  the 
boundary  between  these  states  for  nearly  200 
m.  It  is  navigable  to  the  Wascioto  mountains. 
The  east  branch  joins  the  south  or  main 
stream  40  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Ohio. 
The  mouth  of  Little  Sandy  river  is  20  m.  be 
low  that  of  Big  Sandy. 

BIG  SCIOUX,  r.  falls  into  the  Missouri 
from  the  N.  882  m.  above  its  mouth. 

BIG-SPRINGS,  v.  Washington  co.  Md.  86 
m.  from  W. 

BIG-SUGAR  CREEK,  v.  Crawford  co.  Pa, 
328  m.  from  W. 

BIG-SWAMP,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Alab.  50 
m.  E.  from  Cahawba. 

BIG  WALNUT  CREEK,  large  easterly 
branch  of  Scioto  river,  rises  in  the  NE. 
angle  of  Delaware  co.  Ohio.  Its  course  is 
nearly  S.  50  m.  through  Delaware,  across 
Franklin,  into  the  N.  border  of  Pickaway  co. 
where  it  joins  the  Scioto. 

BILL-BIRD'S-KEY,  i.  in  the  Spanish 
Main,  on  the  Musquito  Shore,  Lon.  82°  54' 
W.  lat.  12°  16'  N. 

BILLERICA,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  19  m. 
NNW.  from  Boston,  456  from  W.  Pop.  1,374. 
It  is  watered  by  the  Concord  and  Shawsheen 
rivers,  and  is  a  pleasant  and  considerable  town. 

BILLIMEAD,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  on  the 
sources  of  Passamsick  river. 

BILLINGSPORT,  v.  N.  J.  on  the  r.  Dela 
ware,  about  12  m.  below  Philadelphia.  Here 
was  a  fortification  during  the  war  of  Indepen 
dence,  which  defended  the  channel  of  the  river, 
until  captured  after  an  obstinate  defence. 

BILLUPS,  v.  Dinwiddie  co.  Va.;  156  m. 
from  W. 

BIMINI,  one  of  the  Bahama  islands,  near 
the  channel  of  Bahama,  8  m.  in  length,  and  as 
much  in  breadth.  It  is  very  woody,  and  diffi 
cult  of  access  on  account  of  the  shoals,  but  it 


BIN— BLA 


195 


'is  a  very  pleasant  place,  and  inhabited  by  the 
native  Americans.  Lat.  25°  0'  N. 

BINBROOK,  t.  in  Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  be 
tween  Saltfleet,  Glandford  and  Caistor. 

BINGHAM,  t  Somerset  co.  Me. ;  26  m.  N. 
Norridgewock.  Pop.  538. 

BINGHAMPTON,  v.  and  cap.  Broome  co. 
in  the  township  of  Chenango,  N.  Y.  at  the 
junction  of  the  Chenango  and  Sasque.  40 
m.  SW.  Norwich,  148  SW.  Albany,  295  from 
W.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 
It  is  a  flourishing  village,  and  contains  a  court 
house  and  jail,  and  has  considerable  trade. 
Pop.  1,203. 

B1NSBY  MOUNTAINS,  range  of  moun 
tains  in  N.  C. 

BIRCH  BAY,  on  the  NW.  coast  of  Ameri 
ca,  in  the  Gulf  of  Georgia.  Lon.  237°  33'  E. 
lat.  48°  53'  N. 

BIRCH  STREAM,  t  Penobscot  co.  Me. 
150  NE.  from  Portland. 

BIRD,  small  island,  or  rather  rock  in  the 
head  of  Niagara  river,  between  the  harbor  of 
Buffalo  and  Fort  Erie. 

BIRD,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio. 

BIRDSBOROUGH,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. ;  on 
SW.  side  of  the  Schuylkill ;  8  m.  SE.  Reading. 

BlRDSTOWN,v.CapeGirardeau  co.  Miso.; 
939  m.  from  W. 

BIRDSVILLE,  v.  Burke  co.  Geo. 

BIRMINGHAM,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.,  on  E. 
side  Brandywine  creek,  and  bordering  on  Del 
aware.  Pop.  686. 

BIRMINGHAM,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa.;  213 
m.  from  W. 

BIRMINGHAM,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  Pop.  290. 

BIRMINGHAM,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  on 
the  Little  Juniatta;  18  m.  NW.  Huntingdon. 

BISCAY,  New,  a  name  given  by  the  Span 
iards  to  a  part  of  the  W.  coast  of  Mexico ; 
now  incorporated  with  the  intendency  of  So- 
nora,  Durango,  and  Guadalaxara. 

BISCAY,  Bay  of,  on  the  S.  coast  of  New 
foundland,  between  Cape  Race  and  Cape  Pine. 
Lon.  53°  6'  W.  lat.  46°  50'  N. 

BISCAYNO,  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  Florida. 
Lon.  80°  23'  W.  lat.  25°  55'  N. 

BISHOPSVILLE,v.Sumpter  district,  S.C.; 
60  m.  SE.  of  Columbia. 

BISTINEAU,  lake,  in  W.  part  of  the  state 
of  Louisiana,  30  or  40  m.  in  length.  It  com 
municates  with  Red  river  on  the  S.  and  the 
Dacheet  flows  into  its  N.  end. 

BLACK  BAY,  in  the  Chesapeake,  on  the 
coast  of  Virginia. 

BLACK  BAY,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake 
Superior,  lies  a  little  E.  of  Isle  de  Minatte, 
and  W.  of  Shanguenac,  U.  C. 

BLACK  CREEK,  Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  dis 
charges  itself  into  the  river  Niagara,  in  the  t. 
of  Willoughby,  some  m.  above  Chippewa. 

BLACK  CREEK,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into 
the  Delaware. 

BLACK  CREEK,  r.  Geo.  which  runs  into 
the  Savannah. 

BLACK  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  which  runs  into 
the  Pedee. 

BLACK  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
York  river. 


BLACK'S  EDDY,  t  Bucks  co.  Pa. 
BLACK    FOOT   INDIANS,  on  Maria's 

river,  N.  America. 

BLACK  HEATH,  r.  Monroe  co.  111.  lit) 
m.  SW.  from  Vandalia. 

BLACK  HEATH,  t.  Randolph  co.  Illinois. 

BLACK  HORSE,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

BLACK  HORSE  TAVERN,  v.  Chester 
co.  Pa. 

BLACK  ISLAND,  t.  Hannah  co.  Me. 

BLACK  LAKE  RIVER,  r.  Louisiana, 
which  rises  in  highlands  in  NW.  part  of  the 
state,  pursues  a  S.  course,  passes  through  Black 
Lake,  which  is  15  or  20  m.  in  length,  and 
joins  the  Saline  8  NE.  Natchitoches,  to  form 
the  Rigolet  de  Bon  Dieu. 

BLACK  LAKE,  or  Oswegatchie  Lake,  lake, 
in  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. ;  20  m.  long,  and  2 
broad;  S.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  is  nearly  parallel 
to  the  St.  Lawrence,  about  4  m.  distant.  It 
communicates  with  the  Oswegatchie  by  an 
outlet  3  or  4  m.  long. 

BLACK  LICK,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa. 

BLACK  LICK,  r.  Ohio  which  joins  Big 
Walnut  river,  10  m.  SE.  Columbus. 

BLACKMAN'S  STORE,  t.  Sampson  co. 
N.  C.;  85  m.  SSE.  from  Raleigh. 

BLACK  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  N.  H.  in  Peel- 
ing  and  Lincoln  ;  NE.  of  Moosehillock. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  which  rises  in 
Greensborough,  and  runs  into  Lake  Mem- 
phremagog. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  S.  C.  rises  in  Kenshaw, 
and  flowing  SE.  crosses  Williamsburg,  into 
Georgetown  district,  and  falls  into  Winyaw 
Bay  at  Georgetown. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  which  rises  in  Ply 
mouth,  and  runs  into  the  Connecticut  opposite 
Charlestown. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  N.  Y.  which,  after  a 
NW.  course  of  120  m.  flows  into  Hungary 
Bay,  in  Lake  Ontario,  N.  of  Sacket's  Harbor. 
It  has  a  passage  under  ground  nearly  a  mile, 
at  a  distance  of  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  SSE. 
into  Cape  Fear  river,  23  m.  above  Wilmington. 

BLACK  RIVER,  a  name  given  to  the  Ou- 
achitta,  after  the  junction  of  the  Tensaw  and 
Ocatahoola.  Its  course  from  the  junction  to 
its  union  with  Red  river,  is  very  winding,  and 
is  30  m.  in  length. 

BLACK  RIVER,  Big,  r.  Mis.  which  rises 
between  the  head  waters  of  the  Yazoo  and 
Pearl  river,  and  pursuing  a  SW.  course  of 
about  170  m.  flows  into  the  Mississippi  above 
the  Grand  Gulf.  Lat.  32°  2'  N. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
Lake  Erie,  27  m.  W.  of  the  Cuyahoga. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  S.  C.  which  runs  into 
the  Pedee,  Ion.  99°  5'  W.  lat.  33°  29'  N. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  America,  which  runs 
into  Lake  Michigan. 

BLACK  RIVER,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

BLACK  RIVER,  Michigan  Territory,  runs 
W.  into  Lake  Michigan,  N.  of  the  river  St. 
Joseph's. 

BLACK  RIVER,  Lou.  formed  by  the  junc 
tion  of  the  Ocatahoola,  Washitau,  and  Ten- 
saw,  flows  S.  by  a  very  circuitous  channel  of 


196 


BLA— BLA 


40  m.  .and  falls  into  Red  river  30  m.  above 
its  mouth. 

BLACKRIVER,  Miso.  rises  near  the  sources 
of  the  Merrhnack  and  the  Gasconade,  and 
running  in  a  southerly  direction  is  joined  by 
Current,  Thomas,  Spring,  and  Strawberry, 
large  rivers  from  the  west,  after  which  it 
flows  into  the  Arkansas  Territory  and  unites 
with  the  White  river  50  in.  below  the  town  of 
Lawrence.  It  is  navigable  more  than  100  m. 
<br  large  boats.  It  flows  through  a  very  fer 
tile  country. 

BLACK  RIVER,  t.  Wayne  co.  Miso. 

BLACK  ROCK,  v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Niagara,  2  m.  below  Buffalo.  It  is  the  station 
for  the  steam-boats  and  other  vessels  employed 
in  the  navigation  of  Lake  Erie,  and  the  lakes 
above.  A  mole  is  now  constructed  for  the 
purpose  of  forming  a  harbor  in  the  river  oppo 
site  to  this  village.  It  extends  from  Bird  Isl 
and  in  Lake  Erie  to  Squaw  Island  below  the 
Rapids  in  Niagara  river,  and  thence  to  the  U. 
States  shore,  thus  forming  a  harbor  of  2  m.  in 
length  and  of  the  capacity  of  200  acres,  open 
ing  at  one  end  into  the  lake  by  a  mouth  20 
rods  wide,  and  at  the  other  connected  with  the 
Erie  canal  which  is  supplied  from  it  with 
water.  The  first  pier,  which  was  sunk  on  7th 
Sept.  1822,  is  50  feet  long,  18  wide,  and  14 
high,  composed  of  a  strong  frame  of  white-oak 
timber,  filled  with  600  or  700  tons  of  stone. 

BLACK  ROCK,  v.  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake 
Erie,  4  m.  N.  Buffalo.  It  is  a  small  village 
with  a  harbor  artificially  improved  by  a  pier. 
The  seams  and  patches  of  dark-colored  chert 
in  the  lime-stone  here,  have  given  its  name  to 
this  place. 

BLACK  ROCK,  small  harbor,  Fairfield  co. 
Ct.  W.  of  Bridgeport. 

BLACKSTONE,  a  river  rising  near  Wor 
cester,  Mass,  and  flowing  into  Naraganset 
Bay  near  Providence.  Along  the  valley  of 
this  river  is  the  Blackstone  canal  extending 
from  Worcester  to  Providence,  45  m.  It  con 
tains  48  locks  built  of  hammered  stone,  and  is 

34  feet  wide  at  the  surface,  and  4  feet  deep.  It 
was  built  at  a  cost  of  $600,000,  and  finished  in 
1828.    The  navigation  upon  it  is  flourishing : 
the  produce  of  the  interior  of  Massachusetts 
finds  by  its  means  a  ready  market  in  the  com 
mercial  city  of  Providence. 

BLACK  STOCKS,  v.  Chester  district,  S. 
C. ;  470  m.  from  W. 

BLACK  SWAMP,  v.  in  St.  Peter's  Parish, 
S.  C. ;  644  m.  from  W. 

BLACK  WALNUT,  v.  Halifax  co.  Va.  100 
m.  SW.  Richmond ;  256  m.  from  W. 

BLACK  WARRIOR,  r.  Ala.  It  is  the 
principal  eastern  branch  of  the  Tombigbee, 
and  joins  the  main  river  80  m.  above  St.  Ste 
phen's,  and  is  navigable  60  or  70  m.  It  rises 
not  far  south  of  the  river  Tennessee. 

BLACKBURN  SPRINGS,  v.  Johnson  co. 
Tenn. 

BLACKFORD,  t.  Posey  co.  Indiana,  about 

35  m.  S.  by  W.  from  Princeton. 
BLACKSBURG,  v.  Montgomery  co.   Va. 

217  m.  SW.  Richmond. 
BLACKSBURG  and  BLACKSVILLE,  2 


towns  on  the  river  Alabama,  in  Monroe  co. 
Alab. 

BLACKSTOCK'S  HILL,  eminence  in  S. 
C.  near  the  river  Tyger.  In  1780,  an  action 
was  fought  here  between  the  British  under 
General  Tarleton,  and  the  Americans  under 
General  Sumpter,  in  which  the  former  were 
defeated. 

BLACKSTONE'S  ISLAND,  small  island, 
Va.  in  the  Potomac. 

BLACKWATER,  r.  N.  H.  which  flows  into 
the  Contoocook,  in  NE.  part  of  Hopkinton. 

BLACKWATER,  r.  Va.  which  joins  the 
Nottoway,  to  form  the  Chowan. 

BLACKWATER,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
the  sea,  at  Black  Bay,  Ion.  76°  10'  W.  lat. 
36°  30'  N. 

BLACKWATER,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into 
the  Chesapeake. 

BLADEN,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  bordering  on  the  maritime  county 
of  Brunswick.  It  is  intersected  by  Cape  Fear 
river.  Pop.  7,801.  Elizabethtown,  98  m.  S. 
of  Raleigh,  is  the  chief  town. 

BLADENSBURG,  a  town  of  Maryland,  in 
George  county,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Potomac, 
9  m.  from  its  mouth,  at  Washington,  and  38 
SW.  of  Baltimore.  The  American  army  sus 
tained  a  defeat  by  the  British  at  this  place,  on 
the  24th  of  August,  1814,  in  attempting  to  ar, 
rest  the  progress  of  the  British  towards  Wash 
ington. 

BLACKS  AND  WHITES,  t.  Nottaway  co. 
Va.  60  m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

BLACKSBURG,  or  Blacksblv/f,  v.  on  the 
left  bank  of  Alabama  r.  60  m.  NE.  from  St. 
Stephens,  and  55  SW.  from  Cahaba. 

BLACKWATER,  creek,  Pickaway  co. 
Ohio. 

BLACKWATER,  r.  Michigan,  which  runs 
into  lake  Michigan,  20  m.  N.  of  the  St. 
Josephs.  It  is  60  m.  in  length,  and  navigable 
in  canoes  nearly  to  its  source. 

BLAIR'S  FERRY,  t.  Roane  co.  Ten.  near 
Kingston,  and  160  m.  E.  from  Murfreesbo- 
rough. 

BLAIR'S  GAP,  t.  in  the  western  part  of 
Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  120  m.  W.  from  Harris- 
burg. 

BLAIRSVILLE,  v.  Indiana  co.  Pa.  184  m. 
W.  of  Harrisburg. 

BLAIRSVILLE,  v.  York  district,  S.  C.  450 
m.  from  W. 

BLAIZE,  Cape,  W.  Florida,  between  the 
bays  of  Apalache  and  St.  Joseph. 

BLAKELY,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

BLAKELY,  t.  Mobile  co.  Ala.  on  the  Ten- 
saw  or  eastern  outlet  of  Mobile  r.  10  m.  from 
Mobile  bay,  and  15  ENE.  from  the  town  of 
Mobile.  Lat.  30°  43'  N.  Its  site  is  an  elegant 
and  pleasant  spot,  well  supplied  with  good 
water.  It  is  also  well  situated  for  commerce ; 
vessels  drawing  11  feet  of  water  can  enter  the 
port  at  full  tide,  and  the  same  wind  that 
enables  a  vessel  to  enter  Mobile  bay  will  caiay 
her  to  the  wharves  of  Blakely,  It  is  also  con 
nected  by  a  good  road  with  the  rapidly  im 
proving  country  on  the  Alabama.  The  settle 
ments  commenced  in  1817- 


BLA— BLO 


197 


BLAKESBURO,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  20 
m.  N.  from  Bangor.  Pop.  403. 

BLANCO,  cape  of  N.  America,  on  the  coast 
of  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lat.  43°  23'  N. ;  Ion. 
47°  W.  from  W. 

BLANDFORD,  t.  Oxford  co.  U.  C.  on  the 
Thames. 

BLANDFORD,  t.  Prince  George  co.  Va 
on  S.  side  of  the  Appomatox,  bordering  on  Pe 
tersburg,  and  included  within  the  borough  of 
Petersburg. 

BLANDFORD,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  16 
m.W.  from  Springfield,  116  WSW.from  Bos 
ton,  and  381  from  W.  Pop.  1,594. 

BLANNERHASSET'S  ISLAND,  isl.  in 
the  Ohio,  opposite  Belpre ;  13  m.  below  Ma 
rietta.  It  is  a  beautiful  and  fertile  island, 
containing  about  300  acres.  It  is  so  named 
from  a  Mr.  Blannerhasset,  an  Irish  gentleman 
of  large  fortune,  who  having,  with  his  family, 
left  Ireland  in  1801,  purchased  and  removed 
to  this  island,  where  he  reared  a  costly  and 
splendid  edifice  for  his  dwelling-house.  A  con 
siderable  part  of  the  island  was  laid  out  in 
gardens  after  the  most  approved  models  of 
European  taste,  and  the  whole  scenery  com 
bined,  seemed  like  the  fabled  fields  of  Elysium. 
But  the  house  was  most  unfortunately  burnt 
down  in  Dec.  1810,  and  shortly  afterwards, 
the  garden  was  totally  destroyed,  and  few  or 
no  vestiges  now  remain  of  its  transient  splen 
dor  and  magnificence. 

BLAS,  SAN,  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico,  on 
an  island  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Grande,  or 
Santiago  r.  which  falls  into  the  Pacific  ocean 
in  lat.  21°  30'  N.  and  104°  46'  W.  Ion. 

BLEDSOE,  co.  in  W.  part  of  Ten.  Chief 
town,  Pikeville.  Pop.  6,448. 

BLENHEIM,  t.  Schoharie,  co.  N.  Y.  47  m. 
SW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,280. 

BLENHEIM,  t.  in  the  W.  Riding  of  the 
co.  of  York,  lies  to  the  northward  of  Dundas- 
street,  opposite  Benford,  U.  C. 

BLENHEIM,  t.  Oxford  co.  U.  C. 

BLEURIE,  Seigniory,  Bedford  co.  L.  C.  on 
the  r.  Sorel,  25  m.  SE.  from  Montreal. 

BLIGH'S  ISLAND,  off  the  NW.  coast  of 
America,  in  Prince  William's  sound.  Lon. 
213°  43'  E. ;  lat.  60°  52'  N. 

BLOCK  ISLAND,  off  the  coast  of  Rhode 
Island,  24  m.  SSW.  from  Newport,  21  E.  by 
N.  from  Montauk  point  on  Long  Island.  It 
constitutes  the  town  of  New  Shoreham,  in 
Newport  co.  It  is  about  7  m.  long  and  4 
broad.  Pop.  955.  Lon.  71°  30' W. ;  lat.  41'  8'  N. 

BLOCKLEY,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  on  W. 
side  of  the  Schuylkill ;  3  m.  W.  from  Phila 
delphia. 

BLOODY-BROOK,  v.  Franklin  co.  Mass. 
100  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Boston. 

BLOODY-RUN,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

BLOOM,  t.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 

BLOOM,  t.  Scioto  co.  16  m.  E.  of  Ports 
mouth,  Ohio. 

BLOOM,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 

BLOOM,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

BLOOM,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on 


W.  side  of  the  Kennebeck,  opposite  Canaan , 
5  m.  E.  from  Norridgewock.  It  is  a  consider- 
able  town,  and  contains  an  academy. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  It  is 
a  large  and  excellent  agricultural  town,  di. 
vided  into  E.  and  W.  Bloomfield ;  E.  Bloom- 
field  is  6  m.  W.  from  Canandaigua,  and  373 
from  W,  W.  Bloomfield,  or  Bloomville,  is  12 
m.  W.  from  Canandaigua. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  5  m. 
NW.  from  Newark.  It  is  a  pleasant  village, 
and  contains  an  academy.  In  its  neighbor 
hood  are  quarries  of  freestone. 

BLOOMFIELD,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

BLOOMFIELD,  v.  Nelson  co.  Ken. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t.  Trurnbull  co.  Ohio ;  346 
m.  from  W. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio ;  8 
m.  N.  from  Circle  ville,  and  17  S.  from  Co- 
lumbus. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
114. 

BLOOMFIELD,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  14 
m.  W.  from  Steubenville. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in 
1820,  468. 

BLOOMFIELD,  v.  Oakland  co.  Mich.  18 
m.  from  Detroit. 

BLOOMINGBURG,  v.  Fayette  co.  Ohio, 
35  m.  SE.  from  Columbus. 

BLOOMINGBURG,  v.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y 
100  m.  from  Albany. 

BLOOMINGBURG,  v.  in  Mamakating,  N. 
York. 

BLOOMINGDALE,  v.  on  the  Hudson,  7 
m.  above  N.  York. 

BLOOMING  GROVE,  v.  Richland  co. 
Ohio. 

BLOOMING  GROVE,  t.  Richland  co. 
Ohio.  Pop.  in  1820,  168. 

BLOOMING  GROVE,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 
12  m.  W.  from  West-Point,  and  258  from  W. 
Pop.  2,099. 

BLOOMINGSBURG,  v.  Fayette  co.  Ohio, 
40  m.  SW.  from  Columbus. 

BLOOMINGTON,  v.  cap.  Monroe  co.  In 
diana,  70  m.  NE.  from  Vincennes. 

BLOOMSBURG,  v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

BLOOMSBURG,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 
near  the  entrance  of  the  Musconecunk  into 
the  Delaware. 

BLOOMSBURG,  v.  Columbia  co.  Pa.  on 
Fishing  creek,  and  on  the  road  from  Danville 
to  Nescopeck. 

BLOOMSBURG,  v  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

BLOOMINGVILLE,  v.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

BLOOMSVILLE,  v.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  13 
m.  from  Canandaigua. 

BLOOMVILLE,  v.  Del.  co.  N.  Y.  by  the 
post-road  117  m.  SW.  from  Albany.  See 
Bloomsville,  Del.  co.  N.  Y. 

BLOUNT,  co.  East  Ten.  Chief  town,  Ma- 
ryville.  Pop.  11,027. 

BLOUNT,  co.  of  Ala.  Pop.  4,233.  Blounts- 
ville  is  the  capital. 

BLOUNTSVILLE,  v.  Jones  co.  Geo. 

BLOUNTSVILEE,  t.  and  cap.  Sullivan  co, 


19$ 


BLU— BOO 


Ten.  130  m,  ENE.  from  Knoxvllle,  and  428 
from  W. 

BLUE  ANCHOR,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 
165  m.  from  W. 

BLUE  EARTH  RIVER,  r.  La.  which  runs 
into  the  Kansas. 

BLUE  FIELD,  r.  N.  America,  which  sepa 
rates  Honduras  from  Nicaragua,  and  is  dis 
charged  into  Bluefield's  bay.  Lon.  4°  30'  W. ; 
lat.  12^  N. 

BLUEFIELD'S  BAY,  on  the  SW.  coast  of 
Jamaica.  Lon.  78°  W. ;  lat.  18°  10'  N. 

BLUEHILL,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  Pop. 
1,499.  It  stands  upon  a  bay  12  m.  NE.  from 
Castine. 

BLUE  HILLS,  ridge  of  mountains  in 
Nottingham,  Barrington,  and  Rochester,  N.  H. 

BLUEHILL  BAY,  off  the  coast  of  Maine, 
on  W.  side  of  Mount  Desert  island ;  12  m.  E. 
from  Pencbscot  bay. 

BLUE  LI£KS,  several  salt  springs  on 
Licking  r.  Ken. 

BLUE  LICK,  (Upper,}  v.  Fleming  co.  Ken. 
522  m.  from  W. 

BLUE  LICK,  (Lower,}  see  Ellisville. 

BLUE  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Peeling,  N.  H. 
E.  of  Moosehillock. 

BLUE  MOUNTAINS,  several  mountains 
so  called  in  different  parts  of  the  world ;  viz. 
1st,  intersecting  the  island  of  Jamaica  from 
cast  to  west.  North  Peak  is  8,180  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea;  2d,  the  most  easterly 
ridge  of  the  Apalachians,  in  the  state  of  Penn 
sylvania,  extending  in  a  south-west  direction, 
from  the  Delaware  to  the  south  of  the  Susque- 
hannah  r.  altitude,  3,000  to  4,000  feet ;  3d,  a 
more  southern  branch  of  the  same  ridge,  ex 
tending  in  the  same  direction  from  the  north 
of  the  Potomac  r.  through  the  state  of  Va. 
into  North  Carolina.  Otter  Peak  is  3,103  feet 
high,  and  is  the  highest  point  in  all  Virginia. 
The  passage  of  the  Potomac  r.  through  this 
ridge  is  peculiarly  grand. 

BLUE  RIDGE,  or  South  Mountains,  range 
of  mountains,  beginning  in  North  Carolina, 
and  crossing  the  state  of  Virginia,  from  north 
to  south,  about  200  m.  from  the  sea. 

BLUE  RIVER,  one  of  the  head  branches 
of  Red  r.  La. 

BLUE  RIVER,  (Big,}  r.  Indiana,  which 
flows  into  the  Ohio,  2  m.  W.  from  Leven- 
worthville. 

BLUE  RIVER,  (Little)  r.  Indiana,  which 
flows  into  the  Ohio,  10  or  12  miles  below  Big 
Blue  river. 

BLUE  ROCK,  r.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  on 
Muskingum  r.  8  m.  below  Zanesville. 

BLUE  STONE,  r.  Giles  co.  Va.  which  runs 
into  the  Great  Kenhawa. 

BLUE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS,  t.  Monroe 
co.  Va.  These  mineral  waters  are  situated 
near  the  Kenhawa  r.  40  m.  SW.  from  Lewis- 
burg,  and  237  W.  from  Richmond. 

BLUE  WATER,  t.  Lauderdale  co.  Ala.  260 
m.  NW.  from  Cahaba. 

BLUE  WATER,  r.  southern  branch  of  the 
Miso.  which  it  joins  9  m.  below  the  mouth  of 
the  Kansas. 


BLUFF  POINT,  cape  on.  the  coast  pf  N 
Carolina. 

BLUFF  SPRINGS,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Miss. 

BLUFTON,  v.  Ray  co.  Missouri,  on  the 
eft  bank  of  the  Missouri  r.  280  m.  above  St. 
Louis. 

BLUFTON,  t.  Howard  co.  Miso. 

BOALSBURG,  v.  Centre  co.  Pa.  115  m. 
NW.  from  Harrisburg. 

BOARDMAN,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio ;  10  m. 
SE.  from  Warren. 

BOAT  RUN,  v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  near  a 
rivulet  of  the  same  name. 

BOAT- YARD,  v.  Sullivan  co.  Ten.  upon 
the  Natouga  r.  16  m.  below  Blountsville. 

BOCA  ESCONDIDA,  bay,  in  the  bay  of 
Campeachy,  on  the  coast  of  Yucatan.  Lat. 
18°  50'  N. 

BOCALIEU,  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  New 
foundland.  Lon.  52°  26'  W.;  lat.  46°  15'  N. 

BODEAU,  a  considerable  lake  in  NW.  part 
of  La.  Red  r.  flows  through  it.  A  river  of 
the  same  name  runs  into  the  N.  end  of  the 
lake. 

BODEGA,  Port,  on  the  NW.  coast  of  Amer 
ica.  Lat.  38°  28'  N.  The  Russians  have  had 
a  settlement  at  this  place  since  1817. 

BODET,  river  au,  U.  C.  in  the  t.  of  Lan 
caster,  falls  into  lake  St.  Francis,  E.  of  Point 
au  Bodet. 

BODKIN'S  POINT,  cape,  on  the  coast  of 
Maryland,  in  Chesapeake  bay. 

BOD  WELL'S  FALLS,  on  the  Merrimack, 
between  Andover  and  Methuen. 

BOEUF,  Le,  lake  in  Erie  co.  Pa,  discharges 
its  waters  into  French  creek,  branch  of  Ohio. 
The  portage  from  Le  Boeuf  to  Presque  Isle, 
on  lake  Erie,  is  about  14  m. 

BOEUF,  r.  of  Arkansas,  and  Louisiana.  It 
rises  in  the  former,  interlocking  its  sources 
with  those  of  the  Mason  and  Barthelemy, 
flows  S.  enters  La.  and  turns  to  SW.  by  S. 
Continuing  that  course  upwards  of  100  .m.  be 
tween  Washitau  and  Mason,  joins  the  former 
opposite  the  W.  end  of  the  Sicily  island,  at  N. 
lat.  31°  47'. 

BOEUF,  r.  which  rises  in  the  Miso.  terri 
tory,  enters  La.  and  joins  the  Ouachitta,  14 
m.  above  the  Tensaw.  Its  general  course  is 
S.  and  it  is  about  240  m.  long  without  regard 
to  its  windings.  It  is  navigable  for  some  dis 
tance. 

BOEUF,  t.  Franklin  co.  Miso. 

BOEUF,  Bayou,  or  creek  of  La.  rises  in 
the  pine  forests,  between  Opelousas  and  the 
rapids  of  Red  river,  flowing  first  NE.  turns 
gradually  to  SE.  enters  on  the  low  lands  S.  of 
Red  river,  and  after  continuing  to  flow  by 
comparative  courses  60  m.  unites  with  the 
Crocodile  to  form  the  Courtableau  river. 

BOGGS,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

BOGUE,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coast  of  N.  Carolina. 

BOGUE  CHITTO,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Miss. 

BOGUE  CHITO,  r.  Miss,  which  runs  SSE. 
80  m.  and  joins  Pearl  river  20  m.  above  the 
Rigolets. 

BOGUE  INLET,  narrow  channel  between 


BOH— BOR 


199 


Bogue  and  another  island   leading  to  White 
Oak  river. 

BOHE,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the  Chesapeake. 

BOHEMIA,  r.  Md.  runs  into  Elk  r.  11  m. 
below  Elkton. 

BOIS  BLANC,  isl.  at  the  lower  end  of  Gros 
Isle  in  the  mouth  of  Detroit  r.  belonging  to 
Canada.  The  eastern  channel,  between  it  and 
the  Canada  shore,  is  about  one  fourth  of  a 
mile  wide,  and  is  deep  enough  for  the  largest 
vessel;  the  western  is  much  wider,  but  is 
shallow,  and  full  of  small  islands. 

BOIS  BLANC,  isl.  in  lake  Huron,  between 
the  island  of  Michilimackinac  and  the  penin 
sula  of  Michigan,  about  10  miles  long  and  3 
bioad. 

BOIS  BLANC,  lake,  N.  America,  between 
lake  Superior  and  the  lake  of  the  Woods. 

BOIS  BRULE,  v.  Perry  co.  Miso. 

BOIS  BRULE,  Burnt  Wood,  r.  NW.  Ter 
ritory,  which  runs  into  the  bottom  of  lake  Su 
perior.  It  is  navigable  80  m.  whence  there  is 
a  short  portage  to  the  St.  Croix,  a  navigable 
water  of  the  Mississippi. 

BOLD  FOUNTAIN,  v.  Charlotte  co.  Va. 

BOLINGBROKE,  v.  Talbot  co.  Md.  at  the 
confluence  of  Bolingbroke  creek  with  the  Chop- 
tank,  5  m.  E.  from  Oxford. 

BOLINGBROOKE,  r.  Talbot  co.  Md.  runs 
into  the  Choptank. 

BOLTON,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  18  m.  NW. 
from  Montpelier,  507  from  W.  Pop.  452. 

BOLTON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18  m.  NE. 
from  Worcester,  33  W.  from  Boston,  449  from 
W.  Pop.  1,258. 

BOLTON,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  15  m.  E.  from 
Hartford.  Pop.  744. 

BOLTON,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side 
of  Lake  George,  14  m.  NNE.  from  Caldwell, 
518  from  W.  Pop.  1466. 

BOLTON,  t.  Richelieu  co.  L.  C.  on  lake 
Memphremagog,  SE.  from  Montreal.  Pop.  800. 

BOMBAY  HOOK,  isl.  in  Delaware  bay,  on 
the  coast  of  Delaware,  at  the  mouth  of  Duck 
creek,  11  m.  S.  from  Reedy  Island. 

BOMBAZINE,  lake,  Vt.  chiefly  in  Castle- 
ton,  7  m.  long. 

BONAVENTURE  ISLAND,  L.  C.  at  the 
N.  entrance  into  Chaleur  bay. 

BON  AVISTA,  a  cape  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
island  of  Newfoundland.     Lon.  52°  32'  W. 
lat.  48°  15'  N. 

BOND,  r.  N.  A.  runs  into  the  bay  of  Cam- 
peachy. 

BOND,  co.  Illinois.  Chief  town,  Perrysville 
Pop.  3,124. 

BONHAMPTON,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  6 
m.  NE.  from  New  Brunswick. 

BONHOMME,  t.  St.  Louis  co.  Miso. 

BONNE  CHEW,  r.  U.  C.  flowing  into  the 
Ottawa. 

BONNEFEMME,  t.  Howard  co.  Miso. 

BONNET  QUATRE.  See  Parish  of  St. 
Charles,  La.  situated  along  both  banks  of  the 
Mississippi  coast,  bounded  E.  and  SE.  by  the 
parish  of  St.  Bernard,  NE.  by  lake  Ponchar- 
train,  and  pass  of  Manchac,  N.  by  lake  Mau- 
repas,  and  W.  by  the  parish  of  St.  John  Bap- 
tiste.  The  only  arable  land  in  this  parish  is 


on  the  Mississippi ;  it  produces  sugar,  cotton, 
indigo,  rice,  tobacco,  sweet  potatoes,  maize,  or- 
anges,  peaches,  and  figs. 

BONO,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Ind.  100  m.  SSW 
from  Indianapolis. 

BONO,  t.  Orange  co.  Ind.  15  m.  N.  from 
Paoli. 

BON  PAS,  t.  White  co.  II.  70  m.  SE.  from 
Vandalia. 

BONSECOURS,  seigniory,  Richelieu  co 
L.  C.  37  m.  NE.  from  Montreal. 

BONSECOURS,  seigniory,  Buckingham  co. 
L.  C.  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  22 
m.  SW.  from  Quebec. 

BONSECOURS,  seigniory,  Devon  co.  L.C. 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  41  m.  NE. 
from  Quebec. 

BONSECOURS,  bay,  Ala.  which  sets  up 
from  Mobile  bay  northerly  about  14  m/  and  re 
ceives  at  its  head  a  small  r.  of  the  same  name. 
The  r.  has  7  feet  water  at  its  entrance,  and  is 
navigable  5  or  6  m.  From  the  head  of  navi 
gation  on  this  r.  to  a  bay  which  sets  up  from 
the  Perdido,  is  4£  m. 

BONUM,  settlement,  Miso.  10  m.  S.  from  St. 
Charles,  20  W.  from  St.  Louis.  It  extends 
not  less  than  15  m.  E.  and  W.  and  from  6  to 
10  N.  and  S.  The  land  is  fertile  and  well 
watered. 

BOOBY  ISLAND,  West  Indies,  near  St. 
Christophers. 

BOON,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the 
coast  of  Maine,  8  m.  E.  from  York.  Here  is 
a  light-house. 

BOONE,  co.  N.  part  of  Ken.  on  the  Ohio  r. 
Pop.  9,012.  Burlington  is  the  chief  town. 

BOONESBURG,  v.  Washington  co.  Md.  60 
m.  from  W. 

BOONE'S  LICK,  t.  Howard  co.  Miso. 

BOONE'S  MILLS,  v.  White  co.  II.  804  m. 
from  W. 

BOONE'S  SETTLEMENT.  See  How 
ard  co. 

BOONETON,  v.  Morris  co.  N.  J-  244  m. 
from  W. 

BOONSBOROUGH,  t.  Madison  Co,  Ken.  on 
Kentucky  r.  20  m.  SSE.  from  Lexington. 

BOON'S  STATION,  v.  Fayette  co.  Ken. 
580  m.  from  W. 

BOONSVILLE,  or  Booriborough,  v.  War* 
wick  co.  Indiana. 

BOONSVILLE,  v.  Cooper  co,  Miso.  on  the 
right  bank  of  Missouri  r.  directly  opposite 
Franklin,  and  by  land,  170  m.  abovu  St.  Louis. 
Lat.  39°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  20'  W. 

BOONVILLE,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  27  m.  N. 
from  Utica,  421  from  W.  Pop.  2,746. 

BOOTHBAY,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  8  m.  SE. 
from  Wiscasset,  180  NE.  from  Boston,  613 
from  W.  Pop.  2,290.  It  is  situated  between 
Sheepscot,  or  Booth  Bay,  and  Damariscotta  r. 

BOOTH'S  STORE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Va,  180 
m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

BOQUES  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
the  Scioto,  5  m.  W.  from  Delaware. 

BORDENTOWN,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  on 
E.  side  of  the  Delaware,  4  m.  SSE.  from  Tren 
ton,  26  NE.  from  Philadelphia.  It  is  a  pleas 
ant  town,  principally  built  on  one  street. 


200 


BOR— BOS 


BORGNE,  lake,  or  gulf,  La.  E.  of  lake  Pon- 
chartrain.  It  communicates  with  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  and  lake  Ponchartrain,  and  is  40  m. 
long,  and  about  15  broad. 

BORIQUEN,  island  of  the  West  Indies,  near 
Porto  Rico.  It  is  uninhabited,  though  fertile, 
and  the  water  good.  Here  is  a  great  number 
of  land  crabs,  whence  some  call  it  Crab  Island. 
Lon.  66°  W.,  lat.  18°  N. 

BORODINO,  t.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  180  m. 
W.  from  Albany. 


BOROUGH,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

BOSCAWEN,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Merrimack,  opposite  Canter- 
bury,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge ; 
9  m.  N.  from  Concord,  56  NW.  from  Ports- 
mouth,  514  from  W.  Pop.  2,093.  It  contains 
2  parishes,  in  each  of  which  there  is  a  Con 
gregational  meeting-house. 

BOSTON,  New,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.H. 
8  m.  NNW.  from  Amherst,  4y2  from  W. 
Pop.  1,680. 


BOSTON  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


BOSTON,  s-p  and  cap.  Mass,  in  Suffolk  co. 
14  m.  SSW.  from  Salem,  40  NNE.  from  Prov 
idence,  56  S.  by  W.  from  Portsmouth,  63  SSE. 
from  Concord,  N.  H.  100  ENE.  from  Hartford, 
115  SSW.  from  Portland,  210  NE.  from  New 
York,  300  SSE.  from  Montreal,  300  NE.  from 
Philadelphia,  436  from  W.  Lat.  42°  22'  N. 
from  London ;  Ion.  5°  58'  E.  from  W. 

Boston  was  founded  in  the  year  1630.  In 
the  Indian  language  its  name  was  Shaumut, 
and  it  was  called  by  the  early  settlers  Tremont, 
or  Trimontain,  from  the  circumstance  of  its 
being  built  upon  three  hills. 

It  is  situated  at  the  head  of  Massachusetts 
bay,  on  a  peninsula  about  4  miles  in  circum 
ference,  and  is  about  3  m.  in  length,  and  1  m. 
and  25  rods,  where  widest,  in  breadth,  and  is 
connected  with  the  main  land  at  S.  end  by  a 
narrow  isthmus,  called  the  Neck,  leading  to 
Roxbury.  The  town  is  built  in  an  irregular 
circular  form  round  the  harbor,  which  is  stud 
ded  with  about  40  small  islands,  many  of  which 
afford  excellent  pasture  ;  and  are  frequented  in 
summer  by  numerous  parties  of  pleasure.  The 
harbor  is  formed  by  Nahant  Point  on  the  N. 
and  Point  Alderton  on  the  S.  and  is  so  capa 
cious  as  to  allow  500  vessels  to  ride  at  anchor 
in  a  good  depth  of  water,  while  the  entrance  is 
so  narrow  as  scarcely  (o  admit  2  ships  abreast. 
The  entrance  is  defended  by  Fort  Independ 
ence  belonging  to  the  U.  S.  on  Castle  Island, 


and  by  Fort  Warren  on  Governor's  Island. 
There  is  another  fort,  called  Fort  Strong,  on 
Noddle's  Island. 

Boston  is  admirably  well  situated  for  com 
merce,  and  is  a  place  of  great  trade  and  opu 
lence.  It  is  the  fourth  city  in  the  Union  in 
population  and  second  in  commerce.  Its  trade 
is  carried  on  with  every  quarter  of  the  world. 
Its  wealth  is  computed  at  92,000,000  dollars. 

The  shipping  of  the  port  amounted  in  1828 
to  161,583  tons.  The  wharves  here  are  said 
to  be  the  finest  in  the  U.  S.  some  of  which  are 
nearly  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  length  end  cov 
ered  with  stores.  The  yearly  imports  are 
13,000,000  dollars  and  the  exports  9,000,000. 

Alterations  and  additions  have  of  late  years 
greatly  improved  the  appearance  of  Boston. 
The  streets,  which  were  formerly  almost  with 
out  an  exception  narrow  and  crooked,  have 
been  in  a  great  degree  rendered  wide  and  com 
modious  ;  the  old  wooden  structures  have  in 
the  greater  part  of  the  city  been  replaced  by 
handsome  buildings  of  stone  or  brick.  In  the 
western  part,  particularly,  there  is  much  neat 
ness  and  elegance.  The  splendor  of  the  pri 
vate  buildings  here,  is  not  equalled  in  any 
other  part  of  the  Union. 

The  literary  institutions  of  this  city  are  of 
the  first  order.  The  public  libraries  contain 
70,000  volumes.  The  Boston  Athenaeum  is  the 
finest  establishment  of  its  kind  in  the  U.  S. 


BOS— BOT 


201 


Ito  library  contains  above  25,000  volumes,  and 
a  reading-  room,  in  which  the  most  esteemed 
periodicals,  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  may 
be  found.  If  we  add  to  these  the  library  of 
Harvard  College,  in  the  neighborhood,  of  40,000 
volumes,  making  the  number  of  books  within 
the  reach  of  the  citizens  110,000,  it  must  be 
allowed  that  Boston  offers  to  the  scholar  a 
more  advantageous  residence  than  any  other 
spot  in  the  western  world.  The  literary  char 
acter  of  the  citizens  corresponds  to  these  ad 
vantages  ;  Boston  is  distinguished  for  the  num 
ber  and  talent  of  its  periodical  works:  the 
North  American  Review,  which  is  allowed  to 
be  the  most  able  of  all  the  literary  journals  of 
our  country,  and  the  only  one  that  has  gained 
a  reputation  in  Europe,  is  published  here.  The 
Christian  Examiner,  which  has  now  enlarged 
its  plan,  and  assumed  more  of  a  purely  literary 
character,  is  ranked  among  the  first  publica 
tions  of  the  day.  The  periodicals  of  the  city 
are  more  than  60,  including  31  newspapers,  7 
of  which  are  daily.  The  public  schools  are 
not  equalled  in  any  other  city  in  the  world. 
The  ambition  of  the  scholars  is  excited  by  an 
nual  rewards  to  the  most  worthy,  in  the  shape 
of  a  public  dinner  at  Faneuil  Hall  in  company 
with  the  mayor  and  officers  of  the  city ;  and 
the  distribution  of  gold  and  silver  medals,  the 
product  of  a  fund  for  this  purpose  established 
by  the  great  Franklin,  who  was  born  in  this 
city.  In  the  department  of  the  fine  arts,  there 
is  much  taste  and  liberal  patronage  displayed 
here.  The  annual  exhibitions  of  paintings  in 
the  gallery  of  the  Athenreum  is  the  best  in  the 
country,  and  a  fund  is  collecting  from  its  pro 
ceeds  for  the  encouragement  of  the  arts. 

In  1817,  there  was  erected  on  both  sides  of 
Market  street  a  block  of  stores,  485  feet  in 
length  on  one  side,  and  442  on  the  other,  and 
4  stories  high ;  and  on  Central  wharf,  another 
immense  pile  of  buildings  was  completed  the 
same  year,  1,240  feet  in  length,  containing  54 
stores  4  stories  high,  and  having  a  spacious 
hall  in  the  centre,  over  which  is  erected  an  el 
egant  observatory.  These  buildings,  for  extent, 
convenience,  and  elegance,  are  said  not  to  be 
exceeded  in  the  commercial  world.  The  ex 
change  is  a  superb  structure,  7  stories  in  height, 
127  feet  in  length,  containing  202  rooms.  In 
this  building  is  kept  a  public  reading  room, 
similar  to  the  one  at  Merchants'  hall.  The 
alms-house  is  a  commodious  and  elegant  build 
ing,  270  feet  long,  and  56  broad.  The  new 
court-house  is  very  elegant,  built  of  Chelms- 
fore  granite.  The  state-house  is  built  on  ground 
elevated  about  100  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
harbor,  and  is  a  noble  edifice.  It  is  173  feet 
in  front,  and  61  deep,  and  its  situation  and  size 
render  it  a  very  conspicuous  object.  The  dome 
is  50  feet  in  diameter,  terminated  by  a  circular 
lantern,  at  an  elevation  of  100  feet  from  the 
foundation.  The  prospect  from  the  top  is  ex 
ceedingly  magnificent  and  beautiful ;  surpass 
ing  every  thing  of  the  kind  in  this  country, 
and  will  bear  a  comparison  with  the  castle  hill 
of  Edinburgh,  the  famous  bay  of  Naples,  or  any 
other  of  the  most  picturesque  scenes  in  Europe. 
Here  may  be  seen  at  a  view,  the  town  with  its 
2A 


shipping  and  buildings,  the  harbor  and  it* 
islands,  Charles  river,  a  fine  country,  orna 
mented  with  elegant  country-seats,  and  more 
than  20  flourishing  towns.  In  front  of  the 
state-house  is  the  common,  containing  44  acres, 
surrounded  by  the  mall,  an  extensive  and  most 
delightful  public  walk. 

The  facilities  for  travelling  in  the  neighbor 
hood  of  Boston  are  very  great.  There  are 
more  stage-coaches  running  to  and  from  this 
city  than  any  other  in  America.  Hourly  and 
half-hourly  stages  carry  passengers  to  the 
neighboring  towns  at  a  very  low  rate.  The 
number  of  daily  arrivals  and  departures  is 
about  250.  In  summer  there  are  steam-boats 
running  to  Hingham,  Nahant  and  the  coast  of 
Maine.  The  roads  about  Boston  are  excellent, 
and  the  public  houses  of  the  first  order.  The 
country  here  is  exceedingly  varied  and  pictur 
esque,  adorned  with  every  graceful  variety  of 
hill  and  dale,  garden  and  grove,  and  abound 
ing  in  beautiful  villages  and  elegant  country- 
seats.  The  heights  of  Dorchester,  which  corn- 
mand  the  city  and  harbor,  and  whose  batteries 
drove  the  British  from  Boston  in  1776,  are 
now  within  the  limits  of  the  city. 

A  city  government  was  first  adopted  in  1821 ; 
the  officers  are  a  mayor,  8  aldermen,  and  a 
common  council  of  48,  all  elected  by  a  popu 
lar  vote  in  December  annually.  With  Chelsea, 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  harbor,  Boston  com 
poses  the  county  of  Suffolk,  which  has  6  sena 
tors  in  the  state  legislature*  The  city  alone 
sends  one  representative  to  congress.  The 
yearly  expenses  are  about  300,000  dollars,  of 
which  above  50,000  are  appropriated  to  the 
support  of  common  schools;  80,000  for  im 
proving  the  streets,  and  30,000  for  the  poor. 

The  census  of  1830  gave  a  return  of  61,392 
inhabitants  for  the  12  wards  within  the  juris 
diction  of  the  city,  but  taking  in  those  adjoin 
ing  parts  of  Charlestown,  Cambridge  and  Rox- 
bury,  which  are,  to  all  practical  purposes,  so 
many  portions  of  the  capital,  its  whole  popu 
lation  will  amount  to  about  80,000.  The  city 
proper  has  40  churches,  19  banks,  2  theatres, 
80  public  schools,  and  50  bookstores.  Boston 
contains  135  streets,  21  la/ies,  and  80  wharves. 

BOSTON,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 

BOSTON,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio ;  18  m.  NNW, 
Ravenna. 

BOSTON,  New,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio;  3  m. 
SW.  Springfield. 

BOSTON,  South,  t.  Halifax  co.  Va. ;  on  the 
Dan,  about  30  m.  E.  Danville. 

BOSTON,  t.  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  320  m.  W.  Al 
bany.  Pop.  1,520. 

BOSWELLSVILLE,  v.  Louisiana  co.  Va.  • 
20  m.  NW.  Richmond. 

BOTETOURT,  co.  central  part  of  Va., 
bounded  N.  by  Bath  co.  NE.  by  Rock  bridge 
co.  SE.  by  Bedford  and  Franklin  cos.  SW.  by 
Montgomery  co.  and  NW.  by  Monroe  co. 
Pop.  16,354,  of  whom  4,170  are  slaves.  Chief 
town,  Fincastle. 

BOTTLE  HILL,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J. ;  2  m. 
NW.  Chatham,  15  NW.  Elizabethtown,  228 
from  W.  It  is  a  pleasant  village,  and  contain* 
a  Presbyterian  church  and  an 


202 


BOU— BRA 


BOUNDEROOK,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Raritan ;  7  m.  NW.  New 
Brunswick,  200  from  W. 

BOURBON,  co.  N.  part  of  Kentucky.  Pop. 
18,434.  Chief  town,  Paris. 

BOURBON,  New,  v.  Missouri,  on  W.  side 
of  the  Mississippi,  2  m.  below  St.  Genevieve. 

BOURBON  RIVER,  a  branch  of  the  Ma- 
ramek,  in  St.  Louis  co.  Missouri. 

BOURCHEMIN,  Seigniory,  Richelieu  co. 
Lower  Canada,  33  m.  E.  Montreal. 

BOUCHARA,  isl.  L.  C.  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  21  m.  NE.  Montreal. 

BOUCHERVILLE,  Seigniory,  Kent  co. 
L.  C.  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  op 
posite  the  island  of  Montreal,  and  about  10  m. 
E.  of  the  city.  r 

BOUDET,  r.  runs  into  Lake  St.  Francis, 
near  the  boundary  between  Upper  and  Lower 
Canada.  : 

BOUGECHITO,  r.  rises  in  Mississippi,  and 
running  SE.  joins  Pearl  river  in  Louisiana. 

BOURGLOIS,  Seigniory,  Hampshire  co.  L 
Canada,  25  m.  W.  of  Quebec. 

BOURGMARIE,Eas£,  Seigniory,  Bucking 
ham  and  Richelieu  cos.  L.  Canada,  36  m.  S. 
Three  Rivers. 

BOURGMARIE,  West,  Seigniory,  Riche 
lieu  co.  L.  Canada,  35  m.  NE.  Montreal. 

BOVINA,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  York.  Pop. 
1,346.  ,.**. 

BOW,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H. ;  on  W.  side 
the  Merrimack ;  5  m.  S.  Concord.  Pop.  1,065 

BOWBACK,  mt,  in  Stratford,  N.  H. 

BOWDOIN,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine ;  20  m 
WNW.  Wiscasset,  148  NE.  Boston,  617  from 
W.  Pop.  2,095. 

BOWDOINHAM,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on 
the  Kennebeck ;  15  m.  WNW.  Wiscasset,  148 
NE.  Boston,  590  from  W.  Pop.  2,061. 

BOWERBANK,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  40 
m.  NW.  Bangor.  Pop.  49. 

BOWERS,  v.  Essex  co.  Va. 

BOWERS,  v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

BOWER'S  STORE,  t.  Ashe  co.  N.  C.  170 
m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

BOWERSVILLE,  v.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y 
208  m.  W.  from  Albany. 

BOWERSVILLE,  v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

BOWLERS,  v.  Essex  co.  Va.;  129  m 
fromW. 

BOWLING  GREEN,  Caroline  co.  Va. : 
36  m.  NE.  Richmond,  80  from  W.  It  is  the 
Beat  of  justice  for  the  county. 

BOWLING  GREEN,  t.  Warren  co.  Ken 
about  30  m.  E.  Russellville,  702  from  W.  Il 
is  the  seat  of  justice  for  the  county,  and  con 
tains  a  bank.. 

BOWLING  GREEN,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio 

BOWLING  GREEN,  t.  Oglethorpe  co 
Geo.  about  75  m.  N.  from  Milledgeville. 

BOWLING  GREEN,  Pike  co.  Miso. 

BOWMAN'S  CREEK,  t.  Montgomery  eo 
N.  Y.  60  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

BOWMAN'S  MOUNTAIN,  called  the  Bald 
Mountain,  near  the  western  limits  of  Luzerne 
eo.  is  a  high,  regular,  barren  range  whose 
average  height  may  be  1,000  feet.  This  ex 
Sends  from  the  E.  to  the  W.  branches  of  the 


Susquehannah  river,  between  which  it  appear* 
o  have  no  other  name  than  those  mentioned, 
except  that,  in  a  small  territory  on  the  head 
)f  Fishing  creek,  the  inhabitants  call  it  the 
North  Mountain.  Westward  of  the  waters  of 
the  Susquehannah,  it  forms  the  main  ridge  of 
;he  Alleghany  Mountains.  It  crosses  the  E. 
jranch  of  the  Susquehannah,  at  the  mouth  of 
Tunkhannock  and  Bowman's  creeks,  and  ex- 
ending  N.  eastwardly,  it  is  called  Tunkhan- 
wck  Mountain,  and  terminates  in  Susquehan 
nah  co.  where  it  is  called  the  Elk  Mountain. 

BOWMAN'S  VALLEY,  lying  on  Bourn's 
creek,  between  Bowman's  and  Mahoopeny 
Mountains,  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  is  not  very  popu 
lous,  and  the  land  generally  poor.  It  is  about 
2  m.  wide  and  15  m.  long.  The  principal  popu 
lation  is  near  the  river. 

BOWYER,  Fort,  situated  on  Mobile  point, 
This  was  merely  a  small  water  battery  erected 
to  defend  the  main  pass  into  Mobile  Bay. 
Here,  on  Sept.  15th,  1814,  Major  W.  Law- 
rence,  with  a  garrison  of  158  men,  repulsed  an 
attack  made  by  a  British  squadron,  of  which 
the  Hennes  of  28  guns  was  destroyed.  The 
fort  was  invested  by  a  land  and  naval  force  on 
the  8th  of  Feb.  1815,  and  surrendered  to  Gen. 
Lambert,  by  Maj.  Lawrence,  on  the  10th  of 
the  same  month,  and  on  the  ratification  of 
peace  was  restored  to  the  U.  S. 

BOWYER'S  SULPHUR  SPRINGS,  v 
Greenbrier  co.  Va. 

BOWYERSVILLE,  v.  Southampton  Va. 
224  m.  from  W. 

BOWYER'S  BLUFF,  the  W.  point  of 
Washington  harbor  in  Green  Bay,  Lake  Michi 
gan,  83  m.  NE.  Fort  Howard,  99  SW.  Macki- 

,w. 

BOXBOROUGH,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  ; 
30  m.  WNW.  Boston.  Pop.  474. 

BOXFORD,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass. ;  15  m.  NW. 
Salem,  24  N.  Boston,  467  from  W.  Pop.  937. 

BOYDSVILLE,  t.  Davidson  co.  Tenn.  20 
m.  from  Nashville. 

BOYD'S  CREEK,  v.  Sevier  co.  Tenn.; 
581  m.  from  W. 

BOYD'S  CREEK,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs 
into  the  Mississippi,  Ion.  91°  25'  W.  lat.  31° 
50'rN. 

BOYD'S  LANDING,  v.  Caldwell  co.  II. 

BOYDTON,  t.  Mecklenburg  co.Va.;  100 
m.  SSW.  Richmond,  197  from  W.  It  contains 
a  court-house  and  jail. 

BOYLE,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Gen- 
esee ;  20  m.  NW.  Canandaigua,  396  from  W. 

BOYLSTON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. ;  7  m. 
NNE.  Worcester,  42  W.  Boston,  425  from  W. 
Pop.  820. 

BOYLSTON,  West,t.  Worcester  co.Mass.; 
7  m.  N.  Worcester,  44  W.  Boston,  425  from 
W.  Here  is  a  cotton  manufactory. 

BOYLSTON,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y 

BOZRAH,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  about  5 
m.  W.  Norwich.  Pop.  1,078. 

BRACEVILLE,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  or* 
W.  side  of  Warren;  317  m.  from  W. 

BRACEVILLE,  v.  Knox  co.  Indiana. 

BRACKEN,  co.  N.  part  of  Ken.  on  the 
Ohio.  Pop.  6,392.  Chief  town,  Augusta, 


BRA— BRA 


203 


BRACKEN  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  Ion.  84°  8'  W.  lat.  38°  36'  N. 

BRADDOCK'S  FIELD,  place,  in  Pa.  on 
Turtle  creek;  6  m.  ESE.  Pittsburg.  Here 
Gen.  Braddock  fell  into  an  ambuscade  of  In 
dians,  was  defeated,  and  mortally  wounded. 
It  was  here  the  military  talents  of  Gen.  Wash 
ington,  then  a  provincial  major,  were  first  con 
spicuously  displayed. 

BRADDOCK'S  BAY,  on  S.  side  of  Lake 
Ontario ;  5  m.  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Gene- 
see,  in  Gates. 

BRADFORD,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  on  the  Con 
necticut;  7  m,  S.  by  W.  Newbury,  505  m. 
from  W.  Pop.  1,507.  Here  is  a  paper  mill. 

BRADFORD,  Clearfield  co.  Ohio. 

BRADFORD,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.; 
20  m.  WNW.  Concord,  514  from  W. 

BRADFORD,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass,  on  S.  side 
of  the  Merrimack,  opposite  Haverhill ;  28  m. 
N.  Boston,  18  WNW.  Salem,  472  from  W. 
Lon.  71°  1' W.  lat.  42°  46' N.  Pop.  1,856.  It 
is  a  pleasant  town,  and  has  2  parishes.  Great 
quantities  of  leather  shoes  are  made  here  for 
exportation. 

BRADFORD,  a  county  in  the  E.  district  of 
Pennsylvania,  bordering  on  New  York.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  E.  branch  of  the  Susque- 
hannah  river,  which  receives  numerous  collat 
eral  branches  flowing  from  all  directions  with 
in  the  county.  Pop.  19,669.  Towanda  is  the 
chief  town,  situated  about  60  m.NW.Wilkes- 
barre ;  and  here  is  printed  a  weekly  newspa 
per.  Bradford  was  formerly  called  Ontario  co. 

BRADFORD,  t.  Clearfield  co.  Pa. 

BRADFORD,  East,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  wa 
tered  by  the  Brandywine. 

BRADFORD,  West,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

BRADFORD,  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.  20  m. 
W.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,285. 

BRADLEY  HALL,  v.  Prince  William  co. 
Va. ;  33  m-  from  W. 

BRADLE YVALE,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt. ;  38 
m.  N.  Newbury. 

BRADLEYSVILLE,  v.  Litchfield  co.Ct.; 
329  m.  from  W. 

BRADLEYSVILLE,  t.  Sumpter  district, 
S.  C.  62  m.  E.  from  Columbia. 

BRADY  and  EASTOWN  GRANT,  t.  Ox 
ford  co.  Me. 

BRAIN ARD'S  BRIDGE,  v.  in  Nassau,  N. 
Y. ;  409  m.  fr«m  W. 

BRAINERD,  a  missionary  station  among 
the  Cherokees,  in  a  district  of  country  called 
Chickamaugah,  on  Chickamaugah  creek ;  7  m. 
E.  Lookout  Mountain,  about  50  SSW.  Wash 
ington,  Tenn.  100  E.  by  N.  Huntsville,  140 
WSW.  Knoxville,  155  NW.  Athens.  It  is  15 
m.  by  the  course  of  the  creek  above  its  en 
trance  into  the  Tennessee,  and  only  6  from  the 
river  at  the  nearest  point;  and  is  near  the 
chartered  limits  of  Tennessee  and  Georgia. 
The  Chickamaugah  is  navigable  for  boats  to 
Brainerd.  The  missionary  establishment  was 
commenced  here  early  in  1817.  The  buildings 
consist  of  a  dwelling-house,  with  appendages 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  family,  2  school- 
houses,  1  for  the  boys  and  1  for  the  girls,  sev 
eral  cabins  used  as  dwelling-houses,  a  grist 


mill,  saw-mill,  blacksmith's  and  carpenter's 
shops.  A  farm  of  about  50  acres  is  brought 
under  cultivation,  and  already  such  is  the  pro- 
gress  of  the  Cherokees  in  agriculture,  that  they 
furnish  most  of  the  means  of  subsistence  to 
the  mission.  In  the  burying-ground  is  the 
grave  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Worcester,  late  Corre 
sponding  Secretary  to  the  Board,  who  died  here 
June  7th,  1821. 

BRAINTREE,  t.  Orange  co.  Vermont;  6 
m.  WNW.  Randolph,  23  SSW.  Montpelier. 
Pop.  1,209. 

BRAINTREE,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.;  12  m. 
SSE.  Boston.  Pop.  1,752,  This  town  is  fa 
mous  for  being  the  birth-place  of  the  Hon. 
John  Adams,  the  second  president  of  the  U. 
States. 

BRAINTREE,  New,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. ; 
18  m.  W.  Worcester,  58  WSW.  Boston.  Pop. 
912.  This  is  a  valuable  township,  and  pro 
duces  large  quantities  of  beef,  butter,  and 
cheese. 

BRAINTREM,  t.  Luzcrne  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Susquehannah  ;  265  m.  from  W. 

BRANCHTOWN,  v.  Philadelpliia  co.  Pa. 

BRANCHVILLE,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  78  rn. 
N.  from  Trenton. 

BRANDON,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  Otter 
creek,  12  m.  N.  Rutland,  40  SW.  Montpelier 
Pop.  1,940.  Here  is  a  bed  of  iron  ore  of  a  su 
perior  quality,  at  which  are  erected  a  forge,  a 
furnace,  and  an  establishment  for  the  manu 
facture  of  shovels  ;  the  forge  yields  36  tons  of 
bar  iron,  and  the  furnace  upwards  of  100  tons 
of  cast  iron  annually. 

BRANDYWINE  MANOR,  v.  Chester  co. 
Pa.  30  m.  from  Philadelphia. 

BRANDYWINE,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

BRANDYWINE,  hundred,  in  NE.  corner 
of  Newcastle  co.  Delaware. 

BRANDYWINE,  t.  Newcastle  co.  Del. 

BRANDYWINE,  r.  which  rises  in  Pa.  and 
passing  into  Delaware,  joins  the  Christiana 
a  little  below  Wilmington.  It  is  40  m.  long, 
and  through  its  whole  course  is  a  fine  stream 
well  adapted  to  water  works.  The  descent 
in  25  m.  is  300  feet.  For  an  account  of  the 
Brandywine  Mills,  see  Wilmington. 

BRANDY  POTS,  islands  in  the  St.  Law 
rence,  103  m.  below  Quebec,  and  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Saguenay  river. 

BRANFORD,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct. ;  7m 
E.  New  Haven,  311  from  W.  Lon.  72°  50' 
W.  lat.  41°  17'  N.  Pop.  2,333. 

BRANFORD,  North, t.  New  Haven  co.Ct.; 
5  m.  N.  Branford. 

BRANTREM,  v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Susquehannah,  50  m.  above  Wilkesbarre. 
Pop.  525. 

BRANT'S  VILLAGE,  on  Grand  river,  U.C. 

BRASCHIN'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  Salt  river,  Ion.  85°  36'  W.  lat.  37° 
50' N. 

BRASSOS  A  DIOS,  river  of  Texas,  in  the 
intendency  of  St.  Louis  Potosi ;  the  sources  of 
the  Brassos  are  not  correctly  known,  but  are 
supposed  to  be  S.  of  Red  river,  about  N.  lat. 
33°.  The  length  of  this  river  exceeds  400  m. ; 
the  country  near  its  sources  is  mostly  prairie, 


204 


BRA— BRI 


with  narrow  borders  of  woods  along  the  banks 
of  the  river,  and  some  of  its  branches. 

BRATTLEBOROUGH,  t.  Windham  co. 
Vt.  on  the  Connecticut ;  12  m.  SE.  Newfane, 
20  S.  by  W  Walpole,  36  E.  Bennington,  41 
N.  Northampton,  96  WNW.  Boston,  110  S. 
Montpelier,  427  from  W.  Lat.  42°  52'  N. 
Pop.  2,141.  It  contains  two  parishes,  in  each 
of  which  there  is  a  handsome  village.  The 
village  in  the  east  parish  is  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  river,  and  contains  a  Congregational 
meeting-house,  a  cotton  manufactory,  a  pa. 
per  mill,  and  one  of  the  largest  printing 
establishments  in  the  United  States.  It  is 
a  pleasant  and  flourishing  village,  and  has  con 
siderable  trade.  Here  is  a  bridge  across  the 
Connecticut.  The  other  village  is  about  2  m. 
WNW.  and  contains  a  Congregational  meet 
ing-house,  and  a  woollen  manufactory. 

BRATTON'S  RIVER,  r.  North  America, 
which  runs  into  the  Missouri,  2,232  m.  from 
the  Mississippi. 

BRATTONSVILLE,  v.  Prince  William  co. 
Va.  35  m.  SW.  from  W. 

BREAKNECK  HILL,  on  the  Hudson,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Highlands,  opposite  Butter 
Hill;  60  m.  N.  of  New  York. 

BREAM'S  HEIGHTS,  eminence,  N.  York, 
on  Hudson  river,  where  Gen.  Gates  had  a 
camp  previous  to  the  capitulation  of  Saratoga. 

BRECKENRIDGE,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by 
the  Ohio  river  NW.  by  Hardin  E.  and  SE.  by 
Grayson  S.  and  by  Ohio  and  Daviess  SW. ; 
surface  broken,  and  soil  generally  productive. 
Staples,  grain,  flour,  tobacco,  and  salted  pro 
visions.  Chief  town,  Hardensburg.  Pop.  7,345. 

BRECKNOCK,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

BRECKNOCK,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

BREED'S  HILL,  an  eminence  on  the  N. 
side  of  Charlestown,  in  Mass,  celebrated  for 
the  stand  made  by  the  Americans  against  the 
British  troops,  at  the  commencement  of  hos 
tilities  with  the  mother  country.  This  action 
is  usually  called  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  (an 
other  hill  near  it.)  See  Bunker  Hill. 

BRENTWOOD,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. ; 
20  m.  WSW.  Portsmouth,  521  from  W.  Pop. 
891.  It  is  watered  by  Exeter  river,  and  con 
tains  a  Congregational  and  a  Baptist  meeting 
house,  and  cotton  manufactories. 

BRETON  WOODS,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H. ;  12 
m.  SSE.  Lancaster.  Pop.  108. 

BRENTVILLE,  v.  Prince  William  co.  Va. 

BRETON,  Cape,  island  of  N.  America,  be 
tween  45°  and  47°  N.  lat.  separated  from  Nova 
Scotia  by  a  narrow  strait  called  Canso,  and  is 
100  m.  in  length,  and  50  in  breadth.  It  is  a 
barren  country,  subject  to  fogs  throughout  the 
year,  and  covered  with  snow  in  the  winter. 
There  is  an  excellent  fishery  on  this  coast.  It 
was  confirmed  to  England  by  treaty  in  1763. 

BRETON,  island  of  Louisiana,  or  rather  2 
small  islands  lying  SW.  from  the  Grand  Go- 
sier.  There  is  a  channel  containing  12  feet 
water  between  the  islands  of  Grand  Gosier 
and  Breton  Island,  and  another  SW.  of  the 
latter,  leading  into  Chandeleur  Bay,  with  18 
feet  water  N.  lat.  29°  26', 


BREVELLE,  t.  Natchitoches  co.  Louisiana 

BREWER,  t.  Penobscot  Me.  on  E.  side  of 
the  Penobscot,  opposite  Bangor ;  34  m.  N.  of 
Castine,  696  from  W.  Pop.  1,078. 

BREWSTER,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.;  16 
m.  E.  Barnstable,  88  SE.  Boston,  498  from  W. 
Pop.  1,418. 

BRIAR  CREEK,  t.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 

BRIAR'S  CREEK,  r.  Georgia,  which  runs 
into  the  Savannah,  40  m.  below  Augusta.  In 
1779,  a  part  of  the  American  army  was  sur 
prised  on  this  river  by  the  British,  and  en 
tirely  routed,  with  the  loss  of  400  men  killed 
or  taken. 

BRICELAND  CROSS  ROADS,  v.  Wash 
ington  co.  Pa. 

BRICK  HOUSE,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

BRICKSVILLE,  t.  Cuyahoga,  co.  N.  York, 
at  the  E.  end  of  Long  Island. 

BRIDGEBRANCH,  or  BridgeviUe,  v.  Sus- 
sex  co.  Delaware ;  132  m.  from  W. 

BRIDGEFIELD,  Shelby  co.  Kentucky. 

BRIDGEHAMPTON,  v.  in  Southampton, 
N.  York. 

BRIDGEHAMPTON,  v.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y. 
at  the  NE.  end  of  Long  Island. 

BRIDGEPORT,  s-p.  and  bor.  in  the  town- 
ship  of  Stratford,  Ct.  in  L.  Island  Sound,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Pequanock;  3£  m.  W.  of 
17i  SW.  New  Haven,  286  from  W.  Pop.  2,803. 
It  contains  a  bank  and  several  houses  of  pub- 
lie  worship.  It  is  a  pleasant  and  flourishing- 
village,  and  has  considerable  trade. 

BRIDGEPORT,  t.  Harrison  co.  Va, ;  265 
m.  from  W. 

BRIDGEPORT,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Monongahela,  separated  from  Brownsville  by 
Dunlap's  creek. 

BRIDGEPORT,  v.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  18 
m.  from  Wheeling,  283  from  W. 

BRIDGEPORT,  t.  Fair-field  co.  Ct.  on  Long 
Island  Sound,  on  the  E.  side  of  Sasco  river, 
and  10  m.  NE.  of  Norwalk. 

BRIDGETON,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me. ;  39 
m.  NW.  Portland,  130  NNE.  Boston,  589  from 
W.  Pop.  1,541.  Here  is  an  academy. 

BRIDGETOWN,  the  capital  of  the  island 
of  Barbadoes,  situate  in  the  inmost  part  of  Car- 
lisle  Bay,  which  is  large  enough  to  contain 
500  ships,  but  the  bottom  is  foul,  and  apt  to 
cut  the  cables.  This  city  was  burnt  down  in 
1688;  and  suffered  also  greatly  by  fires  in 
1756,  1766,  and  1767.  Before  these  fires  it 
contained  1,500  houses  ;  and  it  has  since  been 
rebuilt.  The  streets  are  broad,  the  houses 
bigh,  the  wharves  and  quays  convenient,  and 
the  forts  strong.  The  church  is  as  large  as 
some  cathedrals.  Here  also  is  a  free-school, 
an  hospital,  and  a  college ;  the  latter  erected 
t>y  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel, 
sursuant  to  the  will  of  Col.  Codrington,  who 
endowed  it  with  £2,000  a  year.  The  town 
lad  scarcely  risen  from  the  calamities  already 
mentioned,  when  it  was  torn  from  its  founda 
tion  by  a  hurricane  in  1780,  in  which  many 
of  the  inhabitants  perished;  and  in  1831  it  ex, 
jerienced  a  similar  calamity  Lon,  59°  43/ 
W.  lat.  13°  5'  N, 


BRI— BRO 


205 


BRIDGETOWN,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.; 
5  m.  SW.  Elizabethtown,  20  SW.  New  York, 
70  NE.  Philadelphia. 

BRIDGETOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Cumberland 
co.  N.  J.  on  the  Cohanzy ;  56  m.  S.  Philadel 
phia,  173  from  W.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  a  printing- 
office,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade. 
The  Cohanzy  is  navigable  to  this  town  for 
vessels  of  100  tons. 

BRIDGETOWN,  t.  Queen  Anne  co.  Md. 
on  the  Tuckahoe ;  8  m.  E.  Centreville. 

BRIDGETOWN,  t.  Kent  co.  Md.  on  the 
river  Chester;  18  rn.  E.  Chester.  It  has 
about  40  houses. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt. ;  17 
m.  NW.  Windsor.  Pop.  1,311. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Graflon  co.  N.  H.  on 
the  Merrimack ;  10  m.  S.  Plymouth,  70  NW. 
Portsmouth.  Pop.  783. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass. : 
18  m.  NW.  Plymouth,  22  S.  Boston.  Pop. 
1,855.  It  is  a  large  and  valuable  agricultural 
town,  and  one  of  the  most  considerable  in  the 
state  with  regard  to  manufactures,  which  con- 
sist  of  iron,  cotton,  and  woollen. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. ;  12 
m.  S.  Utica,  401  from  W.  Fop.  1,608. 

BRIDGEWATER, t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.;  275 
m.  from  W.  Pop.  1.418. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. ; 
3  m.  N.  Roundbrook.  Pop.  2,906. 

BRIDGEWATER,  r.  Mass,  which  unites 
with  the  Namasket  to  form  Taunton  river. 

BRIDPORT,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt. ;  E.  of  Lake 
Champlain,  opposite  Crown  Point,  5  m.  W. 
Middlebury,  50  WSW.  Montpelier,  468  from 
W.  Pop.  1,774. 

BRIER  CREEK,  t.  Wilkes  co.  N.  C.  180 
m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Raleigh. 

BRIGHTON,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. ;  5  m. 
W.  Boston.  Pop.  972.  Here  the  cattle  are 
driven  for  the  supply  of  Boston  market.  The 
Brighton  Cattle  Show  is  under  the  direction  of 
the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  Society.  Stalls 
are  erected  for  the  cattle,  and  a  building  70 
feet  by  36  for  the  exhibition  of  domestic  man 
ufactures.  Brighton  has  many  elegant  coun 
try-seats. 

BRIGHTON,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
E.  side  of  Genesee  river,  at  its  mouth,  24  m. 
NW.  Canandaigua.  Pop.  6,519.  In  this  town 
is  the  new  village  of  Carthage,  and  part  of 
Rochester. 

BRIGHTON,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.  at  the  falls 
of  Big  Beaver  creek.  Here  are  an  iron  fur 
nace  and  a  forge,  and  valuable  mills. 

BRIGHT'S  CORNER,  t.  Cumberland  co. 
Me.  36  m.  from  Portland. 

BRIGHT  HOPE,  t.  Green  co.  Ten.  200  m. 
E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

BRIGHTSTOWN,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa. 

BRIMFIELD,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.;  19 
m.  E.  Springfield,  70  WSW.  Boston,  375  from 
W.  Pop.  1,599. 

BRIMFIELD,  South,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass. , 
16  m.  E.  Springfield,  380  from  W. 
.    BRINGREI'S  FARM,  t.  on  the  left  bank 


of  the  Mississippi,  5  m.  below  Donaldsonville, 
and  75  above  N.  Orleans. 

BRINKLEYSVILLE,  v.  Halifax  co.  N.  C. 
225  from  W. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt. ;  25  m.  WSW. 
Montpelier,  482  from  W. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  E.  side 
of  the  Damariscotta,  at  its  mouth ;  13  m.  E. 
Wiscasset,  180  NE.  Boston,  609  from  W. 
Pop.  2.450.  Here  is  an  academy. 

BRISTOL,  co.  S.  part  of  Mass. ;  bounded 
N.  by  Norfolk  co.  E.  by  Plymouth  co.  S.  by 
Buzzard's  Bay,  and  W.  by  Rhode  Island.  Pop. 
49,474.  Chief  towns,  Taunton  and  N.  Bedford 

BRISTOL,  co.  R.  I.;  bounded  N.  and  NE. 
by  Massachusetts,  E.  by  Mount  Hope  Bay, 
and  W.  by  Narraganset  Bay.  It  contains  the 
towns  of  Bristol,  Warren,  and  Barrington. 
Pop.  5,466.  Chief  town,  Bristol. 

BRISTOL,  s-p.  and  cap.  Bristol  co.  R.  I.  on 
the  continent ;  4  m.  S.  Warren,  15  S.  Provi 
dence,  15  N.  Newport,  56  SSW.  Boston,  424 
from  W.  Lon.  71°  12'  W.  lat.  41°  35'  N. 
Pop.  3,054.  It  is  a  very  pleasant  town,  and 
has  a  safe  and  commodious  harbor,  and  is  a 
place  of  considerable  trade.  It  was  distin 
guished  for  the  part  which  it  took  in  the  slave- 
trade  previous  to  its  abolition  by  the  American 
government.  It  owns  about  7,000  tons  of 
shipping.  The  trade  is  chiefly  to  the  West 
Indies  and  to  Europe.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  a  market-house,  a  masonic  hall,  4 
banks,  an  academy,  a  public  library,  and  4 
houses  of  public  worship.  Great  quantities  of 
onions  are  raised  here  for  exportation. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  90  m.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  799. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct. ;  17  m.  SW. 
Hartford,  331  from  W.  This  town  has  large 
manufactories  of  wooden  and  brass  clocks, 
and  30,000  are  sometimes  made  in  a  year. 
Pop.  1,707. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. ;  10  m.  SW. 
Canandaigua,  374  from  W.  Pop.  2,952. 

BRISTOL,  bor.  and  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on 
W.  bank  of  the  Delaware ;  19  m.  NE.  Phila 
delphia,  157  from  W.  It  is  a  handsomely 
built  village,  pleasantly  situated,  and  is  the  re 
sort  of  much  genteel  company  in  the  summer. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 

BRISTOL,  v.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  50  m.  SE. 
from  Columbus. 

BBISTOL  BAY,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  A. 
formed  by  the  Peninsula  of  Alaska  on  the  S. 
and  Cape  Newnham  on  the  N.  Lat.58°  20'  N. 

BRITAIN,  Little,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,800.  It  borders  on  Maryland. 

BRITAIN,  New,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  It  is  at 
the  head  waters  of  the  Neshaminy. 

BRITISH  AMERICA.    See  p.  161. 

BROADALBIN,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 
10  m.  N.  of  the  Mohawk.  Pop.  2,657.  There 
are  2  meeting-houses  for  Presbyterians,  and  1 
for  Methodists,  in  this  town. 

BROAD  BAY,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Maine. 
Lon.  65°  19'  W. ;  lat.  43°  50'  N. 

BROAD  CREEK,  v.  Queen  Anne  co.  Md. 
50  m.  from  W. 


206 


BRO— BRO 


BROAD  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Ion.  77°  32'  W. ;  lat.  34°  42'  N. 

BROAD  CREEK,  r.  Delaware,  which  runs 
into  Nanticoke. 

BROAD  CREEK,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into 
the  Potomac,  Ion.  77°  9'  W. ;  lat  38°  ,r>0'  N. 

BROAD  CREEK,  hundred,  in  S.  part  of 
Sussex  co.  Delaware. 

BROADFIELD,  v.  Westmoreland  co.  Va. 

BROADHEAD'S  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which 
runs  into  the  Delaware  in  N.  part  of  North 
ampton  co. 

BROAD  KILL,  t  and  hundred,  in  Sussex 
co.  Del.  on  Delaware  bay ;  173  m.  from  W. 

BROAD  KILL,  r.  Delaware,  which  runs 
into  Delaware  bay,  Ion.  75°  19'  W. ;  lat.  38° 
50' N. 

BROAD  MOUNTAIN,  or  fourth  large 
ridge  from  the  Blue  Mount,  commences  its 
eastern  extremity  in  Northampton  co.  near 
the  head  of  Pokono  creek,  and  crosses  the  Le- 
high  at  the  "  Turn  Hole,"  extending  westerly 
to  the  river  Schuylkill.  Its  average  height  is 
about  1000  feet  above  its  base. 

BROAD  RIVER,  r.  or  arm  of  the  sea,  S.  C 
between  Port  Royal  island  and  the  main  land 
Upon  this  river  is  Beaufort. 

BROAD  RIVER,  r.  S.  C.  formed  by  the 
rivers  Enoree,  Tyger,  and  Pacolet.  After  a 
course  of  40  miles,  it  unites  with  the  Saluda 
a  little  above  Columbia,  to  form  the  Congaree 

BROAD  RIVER,  r.  Georgia,  which  runs 
into  the  Savannah,  at  Petersburg. 

BROAD  RUN,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  th 
Potomac,  Ion.  77°  30'  W. ;  lat.  39°  9'  N. 

BROKEN  KNIFE,  creek,  Crawford  co 
Ohio,  on  the  E.  branch  of  Sandusky  r. 

BROCKPORT,  v.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Great  Western  Canal,  17  m.  W.  from  Roches 
ter.  Pop.  792. 

BROCKVILLE,  seat  of  justice,  Leeds  co 
U.  C.  on  the  left  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  16 
m.  above  Prescott  It  is  a  very  flourishing 
place,  in  a  fertile,  well  cultivated  neighbor 
hood. 

BROKENSTRAW,  t.  Warren  co.  Pa. 

BROKENSTRAW  CREEK,  v.  Crawfon 
co.  Pa. 

BROKENSTRAW  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  whicl 
runs  ESE.  into  the  Alleghany,  about  8  m.  W 
from  Warren.  It  is  about  40  yards  wide  a 
its  mouth,  and  is  a  rapid  stream,  with  numer 
ous  mills  on  its  banks. 

BROKEN  SWORD,  name  of  a  creek  in 
Crawford  co.  Ohio,  running  south-westwardl) 
into  Sandusky  r. 

BROMLEY,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  about  1 
m.  NW.  from  Boundbrook. 

BROMPTON,  t.  L.  C.  Buckingham  co.  or 
St.  Francis  r. 

BRONX,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  22  m 
NW.  from  the  city  of  New  York. 

BRONX  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  int 
East  river,  in  Westchester.  Length  28  m. 

BROME,  t.  Richelieu  co.  L.C.  SE.  frorr 
Montreal. 

BROOK  HILL,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Ten 
821  m.  from  W. 

BROOKE,  co.  NW,  point  of  Va.  boundec 


V.  and  N.  by  the  Ohio,  E.  by  Pennsylvania, 
and  S.  by  Ohio  co.  Pop.  6,774.  Chief  town, 
Vellsburg. 

BROOKEVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
«  a  branch  of  Patuxent  r.  20  m.  N.  from  W. 
C.  It  contains  about  20  dwelling-houses,  1 
male  and  one  female  school,  an  excellent  asso 
ciate  library,  2  drug  shops,  1  store,  2  tanneries, 
and  2  grist  and  saw-mills.  Lat.  39°  11'  N.  22 
m.  from  W. 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  6  m.  N. 
from  Randolph,  and  17  S.  from  Montpelier. 
"  1,677. 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  31 
m.  NNW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  671. 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18 
n.  W.  from  Worcester,  and  58  W.  from  Bos- 
»n.  Pop.  2,342.  It  was  formerly  divided  into 
two  parishes,  but  the  second  parish  now  con 
stitutes  a  distinct  town  called  North  Brook- 
Beld.  This  town  was  settled  at  an  early  pe 
riod,  and  during  Philip's  war  in  1675,  was  at 
tacked  by  the  Indians.  The  inhabitants  col 
lected  in  one  house,  which  was  immediately 
besieged  by  the  savages,  who  set  fire  instantly 
to  every  other  building  in  the  town.  For  two 
days  and  nights  the  Indians  poured  in  shot 
upon  the  people  in  the  house  incessantly,  but 
were  met  by  a  most  determined  defence  on 
the  part  of  the  besieged.  They  then  attempt 
ed  to  fire  the  house  by  flaming  torches,  at  the 
ends  of  long  poles;  but  the  garrison  contin 
ued  to  defend  themselves  by  firing  from  the 
windows  and  throwing  water  upon  the  flames, 
as  they  fortunately  had  a  pump  within  the 
house.  These  attempts  failing,  the  Indians 
then  prepared  a  cart  loaded  with  flax,  hemp, 
and  other  combustible  matters,  and,  under 
cover  of  a  barricade  of  boards,  thrust  the 
burning  mass  by  the  means  of  long  timbers 
against  the  house.  In  this  movement  one  of 
the  wheels  came  oft',  which  turned  the  ma 
chine  aside  and  exposed  the  Indians  to  the 
fire  of  the  garrison ;  a  shower  of  rain  coming 
on  at  the  same  time,  extinguished  the  flames. 
Shortly  afterwards  a  reinforcement  of  forty 
men  arrived  from  Boston,  forced  their  way 
through  the  enemy  and  joined  the  garrison. 
The  Indians  then  abandoned  the  siege  and 
retired,  having  suffered  a  heavy  loss. 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct  6  m. 
NE.  from  Danbury,  33  NW.  from  New 
Haven,  and  305  from  W.  Pop.  1,261. 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Unadilla;  22  m.  S.  from  Utica,  93  W 
from  Albany,  and  348  from  W.  Pop.  4,367. 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  525  m. 
from  W. 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio ;  15 
m.  N.  from  Warren. 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 

BROOKFIELD,  (North,)  t.  Worcester  co. 
Mass.  19  m.  W.  from  Worcester,  and  59 
WSW.  from  Boston. 

BROOKFIELD,  Montgomery  co.  Ohio. 

BROOKHAVEN,  t.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Long  Island ;  70  m.  E.  from  New  York.  Pop. 
6,095.  This  is  a  very  large  township,  extend 
ing  from  one  side  of  fhe  island  to  the  other. 


BRO— BRO 


207 


and  containing  9  post-offices,  viz.  Brookhaven, 
Satauket,  Stony  Brook,  Middletown,  Pat- 
chogue,  Fire  Place,  Forge,  Drowned  Meadow, 
and  Moriches;  and  7  houses  of  public  worship. 

BROOK-HILL,  Montgomery  co.  Ten. 

BROOKLINE,  t.  Windhara  co.  Vt.  40  m. 
S.  from  Windsor. 

BROOKLINE,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. 
9  m.  SSW.  from  Amherst,  and  65  WSW.  from 
Portsmouth. 

BROOKLINE,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  5  m. 
SW.  from  Boston.  It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and 
contains  a  number  of  elegant  country-seats. 
Large  quantities  of  vegetables  are  raised  here 
for  the  supply  of  Boston  market. 

BROOKLYN,  t.Windham  co.Ct.  46  m.  E. 
from  Hartford. 

BROOKLYN,  t.  Cuyauga  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
in  1820,  348. 

BROOKLYN,  a  large  town  on  Long  Isl 
and,  separated  from  the  city  of  New  York  by 
the  narrow  channel  called  East  River.  It  is 
properly  a  suburb  of  that  city,  and  is  a  place 
of  great  business.  It  is  regularly  built,  and 
contains  many  fine  houses,  the  residence  of 
merchants  from  the  city.  The  United  States 
Navy  Yard  is  in  the  east  part  of  the  town 
upon  a  bay  called  the  Wallabout.  Pop.  15,396. 
Near  this  town  a  bloody  battle  was  fought 
with  the  British  in  1776,  and  the  neighbor 
hood  exhibits  many  remains  of  the  fortifica 
tions  thrown  up  at  that  time. 

BROOKS,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  by  the  post- 
road  114  m.  NE.  from  Portland.  Pop.  in 
1820,  318. 

BROOKSVILLE,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  Pop. 
1,099. 

BROOKVILLE,  or  Franklin,  t.  and  cap. 
Franklin  co.  Indiana,  on  the  White  Water ; 
30  in.  N.  from  Lawrenceburg,  42  NW.  from 
Cincinnati,  and  578  from  W.  It  is  a  very 
flourishing  town,  finely  situated,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  market-house,  a  print 
ing-office,  and  nearly  100  houses,  and  has  con, 
siderable  trade. 

BROOME,  a  south  frontier  co.  of  the  state 
of  N.  Y.  bordering  on  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 
and  Del.  r.  Pop.  17,582.  Binghampton  on  the 
N.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  148  m.  W. 
by  S.  of  Albany,  is  the  chief  town. 

BROOME,  or  Bristol,  t.  Schoharie  co.  N. 
Y.  35  m.  SW.  from  Albany,  and  381  from  W. 
Pop.  3,161. 

BROOMVILLE,  v.  Del.  co.  N.  Y.  on  Mo 
hawk  branch  of  Del.  r.  about  70  in.  SW.  from 
Albany. 

BROTHER'S  VALLEY,  t.  Somerset  co. 
Pa. 

BROTHERTOWN,  an  Indian  village  in 
Paris,  N.  Y.  with  a  population  of  about  400. 

BROUETTE,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into 
the  Wabash,  Ion.  87°  40'  W. ;  lat.  39°  44'  N. 

BROUGHTON,  t.  Buckingham  co,  L.  C. 
36  m.  S.  from  Quebec. 

BROWN,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

BROWN,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio. 

BROWN,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio. 

BROWN,  co.  Michigan  territory.  Pop. 
964.  The  seat  of  justice  is  Green  Bay. 


BROWN,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  696  m.  from  W. 

BROWN,  co.  Ohio,  on  the  r.  Ohio,  W.  of 
Adams  co.  formed  in  1818.  Pop.  17,867. 
Georgetown  is  the  chief  town. 

BROWNFIELD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  on  Saco 
r.  28  m.  SW.  from  Paris. 

BROWNHELM,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

BROWN  INLET,  channel  between  two 
small  islands  on  the  N.  coast  of  N.  C.  Lon. 
77°30'W.;  lat.  34°  32'  N. 

BROWNINGTON,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  55  m. 
NNE.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  412. 

BROWNSBOROUGH,  t.  Madison  co.  Ala. 

BROWNSBURG,  t.  Rockbridge  co.  Va.  on 
Hay's  creek ;  12  m.  NNE.  from  Lexington. 

BROWNSBURG,  v.  Columbia  co.  Geo.  612 
m.  from  W. 

BROWNSBURG,  v.  Washington  co.  Ten. 
462  m.  from  W. 

BROWN'S  CROSS  ROADS,  v.  Pike  co. 
Ohio,  15  m.  NW.  from  Piketon,  and  24  SW. 
from  Chilicothe. 

BROWN'S  CROSS  ROADS,  v.  Ross  co. 
Ohio. 

BROWN'S  CORNER,  v.  Kennebeck  co. 
Me.  618  m.  from  W. 

BROWN'S  FERRY,  t.  Madison  co.  Ala. 

BROWN'S  MILLS,  t.  Mifllin  co.  Pa. 

BROWN'S  MILLS,  t.  Washington  co, 
Ohio,  80  m.  SE.  from  Columbus. 

BROWN'S  PASSAGE,  NW.  coast  of 
America,  between  Dundas  and  Stephen's  isl 
and,  leading  into  Chatham's  sound. 

BROWN'S  POINT,  cape,  S.  extremity  of 
the  island  of  Tobago  in  the  West  Indies. 
Lon.  16°  20'  E. ;  lat.  11°  10'  N. 

BROWN'S  SOUND,  on  NW.  coast  of 
America,  lat.  55°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  132°  20'  W. 

BROWN'S  STORE,  t.  Caswell  co.  N.  C.. 
1 80  m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

BROWN'S  STORE,  t.  Culpeper  co.  Va, 
70  m.  NW.  from  Richmond,  and  60  SW. 
from  W. 

BROWNSTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Jackson  co. 
Indiana ;  25  N.  by  E.  from  Salem. 

BROWNSTOWN,  v.  Wayne  co.  Michigan, 
16  m.  SW.  from  Detroit. 

BROWN'S  TAVERN,  v.  Ann  Arundel  co. 
Md. 

BROWN'S  TURNPIKE,  t.  Albemarle  co. 
Va.  about  75  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Richmond. 

BROWN'S  VILLAGE,  v.  Herkimer  co. 
N  Y.  68  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

BROWNVILLE,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  40 
m.  N.  from  Bangor.  Pop.  402.  In  1810,  the 
country  between  Brownville  and  the  Chaudiere 
was  explored,  and  the  distance  to  St.  Francois 
on  that  river,  found  to  be  100  m. 

BROWNVILLE,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  S. 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  E.  end  of  lake  Onta 
rio,  and  N.  of  Black  river;  180  m.  NW.  from 
Albany,  and  477  from  W.  Pop.  2,938.  The 
village  of  Brownville  is  on  Black  r.  5  m.  from 
its  mouth,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade. 

BROWNSVILLE,  or  Broicnstown,  t.  and 
cap.  Jackson  co.  Illinois,  on  Big  Muddy  river, 
20  or  30  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Miss, 
and  30  SE.  from  Kaskaskia.  It  is  a  flourish 
ing  town,  situated  in  a  very  fertile  country 


208 


BRO— BRU 


and  has  fine  mill  seats.  The  Big  Muddy  r. 
is  navigable  a  little  above  the  town.  Close  to 
the  town  there  is  a  salt  spring,  and  2  or  3  m. 
distant  are  immense  quantities  of  coal. 

BROWNSVILLE,  t.  and  bor.  Fayette  co. 
Pa.  on  the  Monongahela  r.  12  m.  NW.  from 
Union,  33  S.  by  E.  from  Pittsburg,  57  ESE. 
from  Wheeling,  and  223  from  W.  It  is  a 
wealthy  and  flourishing  town.  It  contains  a 
bank  and  a  printing-office,  and  has  in  the 
town  and  vicinity  many  flour  mills  and  manu 
facturing  establishments.  Here  is  a  convenient 
and  an  abundant  supply  of  coal.  The  situa 
tion  of  the  town  is  singular  and  picturesque  ; 
built  on  the  side  of  a  hill ;  the  houses  on  the 
most  elevated  part  being  about  300  feet  higher 
than  those  on  the  Monongahela.  Many  boats 
are  built  here,  loaded  with  produce,  and  taken 
to  Pittsburg.  In  the  vicinity  are  many  monu 
ments  of  Indian  antiquity. 

BROWNSVILLE,  v.  Marlborough  district, 
S.  C.  42.9  m.  from  W. 

BROWNSVILLE,  v.  Union  co.  In.  on  the 
E.  fork  of  White  r.  60  m.  NW.  from  Cincin 
nati,  and  70  SE.  by  E.  from  Indianapolis. 

BROWNSVILLE,  v.  Granville  co.  N.  C. 
about  50  m.  N.  from  Raleigh. 

BROWNSVILLE,  v.  Oldham  co.  Ken.  50 
m.  NW.  from  Frankfort. 

BROYLE,  harbor,  cape,  and  settlement,  on 
the  E.  side  of  Newfoundland,  15  m.  NE  from 
Aquafort,  and  30  SW.  from  St.  John's. 

BRUCETOWN,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va.  78  m. 
W.  from  W. 

BRUCEVILLE,  v.  Knox  co.  In. 

BRULE  RIVER,  NW.  territory,  runs  into 
lake  Superior  from  the  SW.  It  has  a  commu 
nication,  though  precarious  and  difficult,  with 
the  St.  Croix  of  the  Mississippi. 

BRUNERSTOWN,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ken. 
609  m.  from  W.  Pop.  92. 

BRUNSWICK,  co.  S.  side  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Dinwiddie  and  Sussex  cos.  E.  by 
Greens  ville  co.  S.  by  North  Carolina,  and  W. 
by  Mecklenburg  and  Lunenburg  cos.  Pop. 
15,770.  Lawrenceville  is  the  chief  town. 

BRUNSWICK,  co.  SE.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
6,523.  Chief  town,  Smithville. 

BRUNSWICK,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  the  Ct. 
65  m.  NE.  from  Montpelier. 

BRUNSWICK,  t.  Schuylkill  co.  Pa. 

BRUNSWICK,  t.  Medina  co.  Ohio. 

BRUNSWICK,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  on 
S.  side  of  the  Androscoggin,  opposite  Top- 
sham,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  two 
bridges,  30  m.  NE.  from  Portland,  145  NNE. 
from  Boston,  and  581  from  W.  Pop.  3,747. 
Lon.  69°  55'  W. ;  lat.  43°  53'  N.  It  is  a 
pleasant  town,  and  has  considerable  trade. 
The  falls  of  the  Androscoggin  at  this  place 
afford  a  number  of  very  fine  mill  seats,  which 
are  improved  to  a  considerable  extent  in  the 
manufacture  of  cotton  and  wool.  Bowdoin 
College  was  incorporated  in  1794,  and  was  or 
ganized  in  1802.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
an  elevated  plain,  commanding  a  view  of  the 
Androscoggin  and  the  adjacent  country.  The 
college  buildings  are  the  president's  house,  a 
chapel,  containing  in  the  second  story  the 


library,  consisting  of  8,000  volumes;  and 
Massachusetts  Hall,  a  brick  building  50  feet 
by  40.  This  building  contains  the  philosophi 
cal  and  the  chemical  apparatus,  a  laboratory, 
a  cabinet  of  minerals,  and  a  large  collection 
of  paintings  bequeathed  to  the  college  by  the 
Hon.  James  Bowdoin.  To  this  gentleman  the 
college  is  also  indebted  for  a  part  of  the  min- 
eralogical  specimens,  and  for  a  valuable  col- 
lection  of  models  in  crystalography.  The  phi- 
losophical  apparatus  is  excellent,  and  sufficient 
for  a  complete  course  of  experimental  lectures 
The  legislative  government  of  the  college  is 
in  the  hands  of  13  trustees,  and  a  board  of 
45  overseers.  The  executive  government  is 
intrusted  to  a  president  and  four  professors. 
The  studies  of  which  a  knowledge  is  neces 
sary  in  order  to  admission  into  the  freshmen 
class,  are  Virgil,  Cicero's  Select  Orations, 
Grseca  Minora,  the  Greek  Testament,  and  the 
four  fundamental  rules  of  arithmetic.  The 
following  is  the  course  of  study.  1st  year. 
The  English,  Latin,  and  Greek  languages, 
and  arithmetic.  2d  year.  The  several  lan 
guages  continued,  together  with  geography, 
algebra,  geometry,  plane  trigonometry,  men 
suration  of  superficies  and  solids,  rhetoric  and 
logic.  3d  year.  The  several  languages  con 
tinued,  together  with  heights  and  distances, 
gauging,  surveying,  navigation,  conic  sections, 
natural  philosophy,  chemistry,  metaphysics,, 
history  and  theology.  4th  year.  Chemistry, 
metaphysics,  and  theology  continued,  together 
with  astronomy,  dialling,  spherical  geometry 
i  and  trigonometry,  with  their  application  to  as- 
|  tronomical  problems ;  ethics,  natural  law,  and 
civil  polity.  For  tuition,  each  student  pays  20 
dollars  per  annum,  and  for  room  rent,  (for  a 
whole  room,)  10  dollars.  Board  is  from  $2  to 
2.50  a  week ;  and  wood,  from  2  dollars  to  2.50 
a  cord.  Commencement  is  held  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  December.  There  are  three 
vacations:  the  1st,  from  commencement,  4 
weeks:  the  2d,  from  Friday  after  the  3d 
Wednesday  in  December,  8  weeks ;  and  the 
3d,  from  Thursday  preceding  last  Wednesday 
in  May,  2|  weeks. 

BRUNSWICK,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  6 
m.  E.  from  Troy.  Pop.  2,570, 

BRUNSWICK,  New,  province  of  British 
America.  See  page  167. 

BRUNSWICK,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

BRUNSWICK,  t.  Brunswick  co.  N.  C,  on 
W.  side  of  Cape  Fear  river;  17  m.  SW.  from 
Wilmington.  Lon.  78°  10'  W.;  lat.  34°  3  N. 

BRUNSWICK,  s-p.  and  cap.  Glynn  co. 
Geo.  at  the  mouth  of  Turtle  river;  95  m. 
SSW.  from  Savannah,  and  747  from  W.  Lon. 
80°  10'  W. ;  lat.  31°  10'  N.  Its  harbor  is  ex 
cellent,  capable  of  containing  a  numerous  fleet 
of  men-of-war ;  but  it  is  a  small  town.  The 
shipping  owned  here,  amounts  to  1,016  tons. 

BRUNSWICK,  (New,}  city,  N.  J.  partly  in 
Middlesex  and  partly  in  Somerset  co.  on  SW. 
side  of  the  Raritan,  17  m.  by  the  course  of 
the  river  above  Raritan  bay,  12  W.  from  Am- 
boy,  16  NE.  from  Princeton,  33  SW.  from  N. 
York,  56  NE.  from  Philadelphia,  and  194 
from  W.  Lon.  74°  23'  W.;  lat.  40°  30f  N, 


BRU— BUG 


209 


Pop.  7,831.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  a 
market-house,  2  banks,  a  college,  a  theological 
seminary,  and  several  houses  of  public  wor 
ship,  1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Episcopalians, 
1  for  Dutch  Reformed,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1 
for  Methodists.  A  considerable  part  of  the 
town  is  situated  rather  low,  but  it  is  account 
ed  healthy,  and  has  considerable  trade.  The 
exports  consist  chiefly  of  grain.  The  Raritan 
is  navigable  as  far  as  this  place  for  sloops  of 
80  tons.  Here  is  a  bridge  across  the  river. 
Rutgers  College  was  founded  in  this  place  by 
ministers  of  me  Dutch  Reformed  church,  in 
1770.  The  building  is  a  handsome  stone  edi 
fice,  3  stories  high*  It  has  5  instructors,  and 
the  number  of  students  ranges  from  70  to  100. 
Commencement,  3d  Wednesday  in  August. 
The  first  vacation  is  from  commencement  to 
Sept.  15th ;  the  2d,  from  Dec.  21st  to  Jan.  7th; 
the  3d,  from  April  7th  to  May  1st. 

BRUSH  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  rises  in 
Highland  co.  and  flows  through  Adams  co»  into 
the  Ohio  r.  Large  quantities  of  iron  ore  are 
found  near  this  r.  and  several  iron  works  and 
furnaces  have  been  erected  upon  it. 

BRUSH  CREEK,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio. 

BRUSH  CREEK,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio. 

BRUTUS,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  5  m.  N.  from 
Auburn,  175  NW.  from  Albany,  400  from  W. 
Pop.  1,827.  It  is  a  very  good  agricultural 
town.  Excellent  limestone  and  gypsum  are 
found  here* 

BRYAN,  a  small  maritime  co.  Geo.  bound 
ed  on  the  north  by  the  Ogeechee  r.  which  di 
vides  it  from  Chatham  co, ;  the  Cannouchee  r. 
intersects  it  from  the  SW.  corner,  falling  into 
the  Ogeechee  about  the  centre  of  the  N.  side. 
Pop.  2,319.  The  court-house  of  the  county  is 
about  15  m.  S.  of  Savannah,  and  206  SE.  by 
E.  from  Milledgeville. 

BRYAN,  t.  Bryan  co.  Geo.  between  the  Co- 
machie  and  Ogeechee  r.  about  25  m.  SW.  by 
W»  from  Savannah.  Lat.  31°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  4° 
30'  W.  from  W. 

BRYANTOWN,  v.  Charles  co.  Md.  on  the 
road  from  Port  Tobacco  to  Annapolis,  40  m. 
SSW.  from  the  latter  place. 

BRYANT'S  CROSS  ROADS,  v.  North 
ampton  co.  N.  C.  325  m.  from  W. 

BRYANT'S  LICK,  SE.  branch  of  Green 
river,  Ken. 

BRYAR  CREEK,  t.  Northumberland  co. 
Pa.  on  E.  side  of  the  Susquehannah. 

BRYDIE'S  STORE,  t.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 
80  m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

BUACHE,  r.  N.  A.  which  rises  in  NW.  ter 
ritory  of  the  U.  S.  and  runs  to  the  Detroit  r. 

BUCK  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio  r. 

BUCK  CREEK,  a  large  mill  stream  of 
Clark  co.  Ohio,  a  branch  of  Mad  river,  on 
which  has  been  erected,  besides  a  consider 
able  number  of  mills,  a  cotton  and  woollen 
manufactory. 

BUCKFIELD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  6  m.  E. 
from  Paris,  150  NNE.  from  Boston,  613  from 
W.  Pop.  1,510.  Iron  ore  is  found  here. 

BUCKHANAN,  t.  Harrison  co.  Va.  239  m. 
from  W. 

2B 


BUCKHANNON,  v.  Lewis  co.  Va.  282  m. 
NW.  from  Richmond. 

BUCKHEAD,  creek,  Geo.  falls  into  tho 
Ogeechee  r.  60  m.  below  Louisville. 

BUCKHEAD,  t;  Fairfield  district,  S.  C.  35 
m.  N.  from  Columbus. 

BUCKHEAD,  t.  Morgan  co.  Geo.  50  m.  N. 
from  Milledgeville; 

BUCKHORN  FALLS,  v.  Chatham  Co.  N. 
C.  315  m.  from  W. 

BUCKINGHAM,  co;  central  part  of  Vfc 
bounded  NW.  and  N.  by  James  r<  E.  by  Buck 
ingham  co.  S.  by  Prince  Edward  and  Camp 
bell  cos.  Pop.  18,351.  Chief  town,  New  Can 
ton.  The  court-house  is  about  20  m.  SW*  from 
New  Canton,  190  from  W. 

BUCKINGHAM,  C.H.  Buckingham  co.  Va. 
45  m.  NE.  from  Lynchburg. 

BUCKINGHAM,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  6  m.  NW. 
from  Newtown,  167  from  W. 

BUCKINGHAM,  t  Wayne  co.  Pa. 

BUCKINGHAM,  co.  L.  C.  in  the  district 
of  Three  rivers,  on  the  right  side  of  St.  Law 
rence  river. 

BUCKINGHAM,  t.  L.  C.  in  York  co.  on 
the  Ottawa  river. 

BUCKLAND,  t  Franklin  co.  Mass.  10  m. 
WSW.  from  Greenfield,  105  WNW.  from  Bos 
ton.  Pop.  1,039. 

BUCKLAND,  t.  Prince  William  co.  Va.  40 
m.  from  W. 

BUCKLAND,  t.  Hertford  co.  L.C.  on  the 
right  side  of  St.  Lawrence  r.  20  m,  SE.  from 
Quebec. 

BUCKLAND,  t.  Wayne  co.  Mich. 

BUCKLESTOWN,  t.  Berkeley  co.  Va.  8  m, 
from  Martinsburg. 

BUCKNERSVILLE,  v.  Christian  co.  Ken, 
223  m.  SW.  from  Frankfort 

BUCK'S  CREEK,  n  Ken.  which  runs  into 
the  Cumberland  r.  Lon.  84°  25'  W- ;  lat.  36° 
46' N. 

BUCK'S  HARBOR,  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on 
S.  coast  of  Maine,  in  the  U.  S.,  W.  of  Machia» 
bay.  Lon.  63°  34'  W. ;  lat.  44°  42'  N. 

BUCKS,  co.  Pa.  on  the  Delaware  r.  bounded 
SW.  by  Philadelphia  and  Montgomery,  NW, 
by  Lehigh  and  Northampton,  and  on  the  NE, 
and  SE.  separated  from  N.  J.  by  the  Delaware 
r. ;  length  37  m.  mean  width  16  m,  area  600 
sq.  ms. ;  the  surface  hilly,  or  rather  foiling* 
and  delightfully  variegated ;  soil  in  general  ex 
cellent.  Staples,  grain,  flour,  whiskey,  fruit, 
cider,  hay,  and  a  great  variety  of  other  articles 
of  minor  importance.  Besides  the  Delaware 
it  is  watered  by  the  Neshaminy  and  Tochicon 
creeks,  both  fine  mill  streams ;  the  Perkiomen 
also  rises  in  Bucks  co.  It  is  abundant  in  mills, 
and  presents  the  aspect  of  a  well  cultivated 
and  flourishing  co.  Chief  towns,  Doylestown, 
Newtown,  and  Bristol.  Pop.  in  1820,  37,842 ; 
in  1830,  45,740. 

BUCKSKIN,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio. 

BUCKSPORT,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me-  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot,  17  m.  above  Castine, 
It  is  a  maritime  town,  and  has  a  consid 
erable  trade.  Pop.  2,237.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  has  a  good  harbor  with  sufficient 
depth  of  water  for  the  largest  ships, 


210 


BUC— BUL 


BUCKSTOWN,  t.  Dorchester  co.  Md.  8  m. 
SE.  from  Cambridge. 

BUENAIRE,  isl.  in  the  W.  Indies,  belong 
ing  to  the  Dutch.  It  is  52  m.  E.  from  Cura- 
coa.  Lon.  67°  36'  W. ;  lat.  12°  26'  N. 

BUENAVENTURA,  r.  of  Mexico,  entering 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  New  California,  at  36° 
N.  lat.  and  44°  W.  Ion.  from  W.  This  river 
rises  in  the  high  mountain  chain  of  Chippe- 
wan,  between  N.  lat.  40°  and  42°,  interlocking 
sources  with  Lewis'  Platte,  and  Rio  Grande 
del  Norte.  Pursuing  a  south-western  course 
of  700  m.  it  is  lost  in  the  Pacific.  We  have 
given  the  position  and  extent  of  this  stream 
from  Tanner's  Map  of  Mexico. 

BUFFALO,  t.  port  of  entry  and  cap.  Erie 
co.  N.  Y.  22  m.  S.  from  the  Falls  of  Niagara, 
90  ENE.  from  Presque  Isle,  222  NNE.  from 
Pittsburg,  250  E.  from  Sandusky,  291  W.  from 
Albany,  431  from  W.  Pop.  8,653.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  very  thriving  town,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  and  has  a  con 
siderable  trade.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  This  town  was  burnt  by  the 
British  during  the  kte  war,  but  has  since  been 
rebuilt  in  an  improved  style.  Being  situated 
on  the  best  channel  of  intercourse  between  the 
Atlantic  and  the  regions  of  the  west,  Buffalo  is 
destined  to  become  a  great  emporium  of  trade 
The  town  is  built  on  the  NE.  side  of  Buffalo 
creek,  a  considerable  mill  stream  which  joins 
the  lake  half  a  mile  below.  The  depth  of 
water  in  Buffalo  creek  is  sufficient  for  a  har 
bor,  being  12  or  14  feet  for  a  mile  from  its 
mouth,  and  the  breadth  from  12.  to  16  rods. 
Its  only  obstruction  is  the  sand  and  gravel  at 
its  mouth,  driven  in  by  gales  of  wind.  To  pre 
vent  the  sand  from  thus  accumulating,  a  pier 
of  1000  feet  in  length  has  been  built,  which 
admits  vessels  drawing  6  or  7  feet  water  to 
enter  the  harbor. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  Pop.  570 

BUFFALO,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,416. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,150, 

BUFFALO,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.    Pop.  375. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  285 

BUFFALO,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  696 

BUFFALO,  v.  Mason  co.  Va.  389  m.  from  W, 

BUFFALO,  v.  Lincoln  co.  N.  C.  454  m. 
from  W. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Union  co.  Pa. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Perry  co.  Pa. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Pike  co.  Miso. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Erie  co.  N.  Y. 

BUFFALO,  East,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

BUFFALO,  West,  t.  Northumb.  co.  Pa. 

BUFFALO,  r.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
into  the  Niagara  r.  at  the  outlet  of  lake  Erie, 
and  at  the  village  of  Buffalo. 

BUFFALO,  r.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 
which  runs  into  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehan- 
nah,  a  little  above  Lewisburg. 

BUFFALO,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  SW 
into  the  Tennessee.  Lat.  35°  10'  N. 

BUFFALO,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  above  the  Illinois. 

BUFFALO,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs  into 
the  Red  River. 


BUFFALO,  r.  Mis.  which  runs  S.  of  W.  mid 
flows  into  the  Mississippi,  at  Loftus  Heights, 
2  m.  above  Fort  Adams. 

BUFFALO,  small  r.  Mis.  in  Wilkinson  co. 
its  course  is  nearly  W.  40  m.  falls  into  the  Mis- 
sissippi  9  m.  below  the  mouth  of  Homochitto. 
The  soil  watered  by  this  stream  is  generally 
hilly,  but  fertile,  producing  cotton  and  maize 
in  abundance. 

BUFFALO,  small  branch  of  White  r.  Ark, 

BUFFALO,  small  stream,  Mecklenburg  cov 
Va.  falls  into  the  Roanoke  in  the  SW.  angle 
of  the  co.  On  this  creek  is  a  post-office,  120 
m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

BUFFALO  CREEK,  r.  Va  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio,  above  Wheeling. 

BUFFALO  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs 
into  Broad  r.  Lon.  81°  46'  W. ;  lat  35°  127  N. 

BUFFALO  CREEK,  Geo.  runs  into  the 
Oconee,  30  or  40  m.  below  Milledgeville. 

BUFFALO  FORK,  Arkansas,  rises  near 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  r.  and  running 
180  m.  NE.  joins  White  r-  700  m.  above  its 
mouth. 

BUFFALO  CREEK,  Va.  and  Pa.  rises  in 
Washington  co.  of  the  latter,  and  falls  into  the 
Ohio  r.  at  Wellsburg,  Brooke  co.  of  the  former. 

BUFFALO  LAKE,  N.  A.  near  the  Copper 
Mine  r.  in  Ion.  111°  W.;  lat  67°  12'  N. 

BUFFALO  SHOAL,  t  Iredell  co.  N.C.  120 
m.  from  Raleigh. 

BUFFORD'S  BRIDGE,  v.  Barnwell  dis 
trict,  S.  C. 

BULA,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  233  m.  from  W. 

BULLET,  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio. 

BULLET  LICK,  salt  lick  in  Bullet  co.  Ken. 
20  m.  from  the  rapids  of  the  Ohio. 

BULLETSBURG,  t  Boone  co.  Ken.  517  m. 
from  W. 

BULL  HILL,  mt.  in  the  Highlands,  N.  Y. 
near  the  Hudson.  Height,  1,391  feet 

BULL  ISLAND,  S.  C.  one  of  the  3  islands 
which  form  the  N.  part  of  Charleston  harbor, 
near  the  coast. 

BULLITT,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  the  Ohio  r. 
W.,  Salt  r.  SW.,  Nelson  S.,  Shelby  E.,  and  Jef 
ferson  N.;  length,  30  m.;  mean  width,  10; 
area,  300  sq.  ms.;  surface  hilly,  and  soil,  though 
varied,  generally  productive.  Staples,  grain, 
flour  and  salted  provisions.  Chief  town,  Shep- 
pardsville.  Pop.  5,660.  Lat.  38°  N. ;  Ion.  8°  30' 
W.  from  W. 

BULLOCK,  co.  Geo.  bounded  by  Bryan  SE., 
Tatnall  SW.,  Emanuel  NW.,  and  Scriven  and 
Efnngham  NE. ;  length,  45  m. ;  mean  breadth, 
12 ;  area,  540  sq.  ms.  Surface  part  level,  and 
part  hilly;  soil  of  middling  quality.  Staples, 
grain,  cotton,  tobacco,  &c.  Chief  town,  States- 
borough.  Pop.  2,586.  Lat.  32°  30'  N. ;  Ion. 
5°  W.  from  W. 

BULL'S  BAY,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New. 
fbundland,  nearly  due  E.  60  m.  from  Placentia. 
Lon.  from  W.  24°  30'  E. ;  lat  47°  20'  N. 

BULLSKIN,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  NE.  side 
of  the  Youghiogany. 

BULLSKIN,  r.  Ohio,  which  flows  into  the 
Ohio,  in  Clermont  co. 

BULLTOWN,  v.  Lewis  co.  Va.  372  m.  NW. 
from  Richmond. 


BUIr-BUR 


211 


BULSTRODE,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  20 
m.  SE.  from  Three  Rivers. 

BUNCOMBE,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  S.C.  S., 
Haywood  W.,  Ten.  NW.,  Ashe  NE.,  Burke 
and  Rutherford  E. ;  length,  85  m. ;  mean  width, 
25;  area,  2,125  sq.  ms.  Surface  generally 
hilly  and  mountainous,  and  soil  rocky,  though 
in  part  fertile.  Staples,  grain  and  flour.  Chief 
town,  Ashville;  Pop.  16,259. 

BUNGAH-QUOHEM,  lake,  Maine,  35  m. 
N.  from  Moosehead  lake. 

BUNKER  HILL,  a  steep  height  occupying 
the  centre  of  the  peninsula  upon  which  stands 
the  town  of  Charlestown,  Mass.  The  southern 
extremity  offers  a  less  abrupt  eminence  de 
tached  from  the  main  height,  and  properly 
called  Breed's  Hill.  Here  was  fought  on  the 
17th  of  June,  1775,  the  celebrated  battle  known 
as  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  Gen.  Warren 
fell  in  the  action,  and  the  Americans  finally 
retreated  from  the  spot,  but  the  British  suffered 
the  loss  of  nearly  half  their  men  and  were  un 
able  to  make  the  least  use  of  their  advantage. 
To  perpetuate  the  memory  of  this  obstinate 
struggle  between  the  undisciplined  militia  of 
New  England  and  the  veterans  of  Britain,  a 
noble  monument  has  been  commenced  on  the 
spot,  and  is  now  about  one  third  finished.  It 
is  a  plain  obelisk  of  granite,  and  will  be  220 
feet  high. 

BURDETTE,  v.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  by  the 
postroad  277  m.  W.  from  Albany. 

BURFORD,  t.  Oxford  co.  U.  C.  between 
Windham  and  Dundas-street. 

BURGESS,  t.  Leeds  co.  U.  C.  north  from 
Bastard. 

BURGETTSTOWN,  t.  Washington  co.Pa. 
248  m.  from  W. 

BURGOE'S  GAP,  v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 
209  m.  from  W. 

BURKE,  co.  W.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  17,727. 
Chief  town,  Morgantown. 

BURKE,  co.  N.  part  of  Geo.  Pop.  11,833. 
Chief  town,  Wayncsborough. 

BURKE,  t  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  20  m.  NNE 
from  Danville,  45  NE.  from  Montpelier,  534 
from  W.  Pop.  866. 

BURKE'S  CANAL,  inlet  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America,  formed  by  King's  Island  on  the 
N.  and  New  Albion  on  the  S.  Lon.  232°  10' 
E. ;  lat.  51°  57'  N. 

BURKE'S  GARDEN,  v.  Tazewell  co.  Va 
300  m.  WSW.  from  Richmond. 

BURKSVILLE,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Ken 
about  50  m.  E.  from  Bowling  Green,  708  m 
from  W.  It  is  the  chief  town  of  the  county, 
and  contains  a  bank. 

BURLINGTON,  t.  Bradford  co.  Pa, 

BURLINGTON,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Ohio  r.  4  m.  above  Wheeling  in  Kentucky,  10 
NE.  from  St.  Clairsville. 

BURLINGTON,  Licking  co.  Ohio.  Pop, 
4S9. 

BURLINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  Lawrence  co. 
Ohio,  on  the  Ohio  r.  75  m.  SE.  from  Chilicothe, 
120  from  Columbus.  Pop.  140. 

BURLINGTON,  t.  port  of  entry  and  cap, 
Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name 
in  lake  Champlain,  20  m.  SSE.  from  Plattsburg, 


31  N.  from  Middlebury,  38  WNW.  from  Mont- 
pelier,  70  N.  from  Whitehall,  198  NW.  from 
Boston,  501  from  W.  Lon.  73°  15' W.;  lat. 
44°  28'  N.  Pop.  3,526.  The  village  is  very 
finely  situated,  lying  in  the  form  of  a  parallel 
ogram,  having  its  shortest  side  on  the  lake  100 
rods  in  length,  the  other  extending  back  up  a 
gradual  ascent  a  mile  from  the  water.  It  con 
tains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  a  uni 
versity,  and  2  handsome  Congregational  meet 
ing-houses.  At  the  falls  of  Onion  r.  there  are 
a  woollen  manufactory,  a  cotton  manufactory, 
a  paper  mill,  an  oil  mill,  and  other  valuable 
mills.  Burlington  is  a  flourishing  town,  and 
of  more  commercial  importance  than  any  other 
in  the  state.  The  University  of  Vermont  was 
incorporated  in  1791.  The  college  edifice  is  a 
spacious  and  elegant  brick  building,  4  stories 
high,  160  feet  long,  75  wide  in  the  central  part, 
and  45  on  the  wings,  containing  a  chapel,  7 
rooms  for  public  uses,  and  46  for  students.  It 
is  finely  situated  on  the  east  side  of  the  village, 
one  mile  distant  from  lake  Champlain,  on  an 
elevation  of  330  feet  above  the  surface  of  the 
water,  and  commands  an  extensive  and  de 
lightful  prospect  of  the  lake,  with  its  islands, 
of  the  high  mountains  along  the  western  shore, 
and  the  surrounding  country.  The  president's 
house,  belonging  to  the  university,  is  a  hand 
some  building  of  wood.  The  library  contains 
8  or  900  volumes.  The  philosophical  appa 
ratus  is  tolerably  complete.  The  funds  of  the 
institution  consist  chiefly  in  lands,  amounting 
to  about  40,000  acres;  but  a  small  part  of 
which  is  yet  leased.  The  board  of  trustees  is 
composed  of  the  governor  of  the  state,  the 
speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives,  and 
the  president  of  the  university,  ex  officiis,  to 
gether  with  15  gentlemen  chosen  by  the  legis 
lature  and  holding  their  offices  9  years,  but 
capable  of  a  reappointment.  Five  new  ap 
pointments  are  made  every  3  years.  The  ex 
ecutive  government  consists  of  a  president,  5 
professors,  1  of  languages,  1  of  mathematics 
and  natural  philosophy,  1  of  surgery  and  the 
theory  and  practice  of  physic,  1  of  anatomy 
and  physiology,  and  1  of  chemistry,  and  2  tu 
tors.  The  number  of  students  is  36.  The 
studies  of  which  a  knowledge  is  necessary  for 
admission,  are  the  whole  of  Virgil,  Cicero's  Se 
lect  Orations,  the  Greek  Testament,  and  Arith 
metic.  The  following  is  the  course  of  study  : 
1st  year,  Sallust,  Cicero  de  Senectate  and  de 
Amicitia,  Horace,  Graeca  Minora,  part  ofGra?ca 
Majora,  Clark's  Introduction,  Neilson's  Greek 
Exercises,  Adams'  Antiquities,  Murray's  Gram 
mar,  Blair's  Lectures,  and  Arithmetic ;  2d 
year,  Cicero  de  Oratore,  Livy  five  first  books, 
Graca  Majora  to  the  end,  Elements  of  French, 
Geography,  Logic,  Webber's  Mathematics, 
Simson's  Euclid,  and  Walker's  Rhetorical 
Grammar ;  3d  year,  Tacitus'  History,  Cicero 
de  Officiis,  Enfield's  Philosophy,  Kaimes'  Ele 
ments  of  Criticism,  Paley's  Moral  Philosophy, 
and  Chemistry;  4th  year,  Locke  on  the  Human 
Understanding,  Stewart's  Philosophy,  Butler's 
Analogy,  Paley's  Evidences,  Vincent's  Cate 
chism,  Vattel's  Law  of  Nations,  Homer's  Iliad, 
Campbell's  Philosophy  of  Rhetoric,  and  El- 


212 


BUR-BUS 


emento  of  Hebrew.  For  tuition,  room  rent, 
and  library,  each  student  pays  $16  a  year ;  for 
board,  from  $1,50  to  1,75  a  week.  The  com 
mencement  is  on  the  2d  Wednesday  in  Aug. 
There  are  only  two  vacations ;  one  from  com 
mencement,  4  weeks ;  the  other  from  the  2d 
Wednesday  in  December,  9  weeks.  The  ex 
ercises  of  this  institution  were  suspended  for 
two  years  during  the  late  war,  and  the  stu 
dents  were  all  dismissed.  In  August,  1815,  it 
was  reorganized. 

BURLINGTON,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  12 
m.  NNW.  from  Boston,  476  from  W.  Pop.  486. 

BURLINGTON,  t.  Hartford  co.Ct.  16  m.  W. 
from  Hartford,  342  from  W.  Pop.  1,301. 

BURLINGTON,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  12  m. 
W.  from  Cooperstown,  78  W.  from  Albany, 
366  from  W.  Pop.  2,459,  It  is  a  good  agri 
cultural  town,  and  contains  4  houses  for  public 
worship. 

BURLINGTON,  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Atlantic, 
and  extending  N  W.  to  Delaware  r.  Pop.  31,066. 
Chief  towns,  Mount-Holly  and  Burlington. 

BURLINGTON,  city,  port  of  entry,  and 
cap.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  on  Delaware  r.  oppo 
site  Bristol,  11  m.  below  Trenton,  17  above  Phil 
adelphia.  It  was  settled  in  1677.  It  contains 
a  court-house  and  jail,  4  houses  of  public  wor 
ship,  an  academy,  two  flourishing  boarding 
schools,  1  for  boys  and  1  for  girls,  a  public  libra 
ry,  and  has  some  considerable  manufactures. 

BURLINGTON,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio. 

BURLINGTON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Law 
rence  co.  Ohio,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  r. 
at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  co.  75  m.  SE.  from 
Chilicothe,  and  110  SE.  from  Columbus.  Lat. 
38°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  27'  W.  from  W. 

BURLINGTON,  v.  Greene  co.  In.  on  the 
W.  fork  of  White  r.  50  m.  NE.  from  Vincen- 
nes,  and  by  the  postroad  72  m.  SW.  from  Co 
lumbus. 

BURLINGTON,  v.  Boone  co.  Ken.  14  m. 
SW.  from  Cincinnati,  and  by  the  postroad  83 
m.  a  little  E.  of  N.  from  Frankfort. 

BURLINGTON,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

BURLINGTON  BAY,  forming  the  extreme 
W.  part  of  lake  Ontario,  or  rather  a  separate 
lake,  as  the  surf  has  thrown  up  a  bar  of  sand 
and  pebbles.  Over  the  outlet,  a  good  bridge 
has  been  erected. 

BURNCOAT  ISLAND,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me. 
Pop.  218. 

BURNING  SPRINGS,  the  name  given  to 
certain  springs  in  the  W.  part  of  the  state  of 
N.  Y.  chiefly  in  the  towns  of  Bristol,  Middle 
sex,  and  Canandaigua.  They  emit  gas  which 
may  be  set  on  fire,  At  Bristol  the  gas  rises 
from  the  clefts  of  the  slate  rocks  on  the  mar 
gin  of  a  brook,  and  here  it  burns  continually 
with  a  steady  flame.  Where  it  rises  through 
the  water  it  is  formed  into  bubbles  and  flashes 
when  the  flame  is  applied.  In  Middlesex,  the 
springs  lie  along  a  tract  about  a  mile  in  length, 
partly  at  the  bottom  of  a  valley.  The  gas 
wises  from  the  summits  of  little  hillocks  of  a 
dark  bituminous  mould,  and  burns  with  a 
steady  flame.  In  winter,  when  these  hillocks 
are  covered  with  snow,  openings  are  made 
through  it,  and  the  gas,  when  set  on  fire,  burns 


in  contact  with  the  snow.  Sometimes  tubes 
of  ice  are  formed  about  the  currents  of  gas, 
and  rise  to  the  height  of  several  feet ;  when 
several  of  these  are  lighted  at  once  in  a  still 
evening,  the  illumination  produces  a  most  bril 
liant  effect.  There  is  another  burning  spring 
upon  Niagara  river,  about  half  a  mile  above 
the  falls,  and  within  a  few  feet  of  the  rapids ; 
the  water  is  charged  with  sulphuretted  hydro 
gen  gas.  In  the  SE.  part  of  lake  Erie,  about 
20  rods  from  the  shore,  is  a  burning  spring 
rising  from  the  bottom  of  the  lake.  The  water 
is  here  4  or  5  feet  deep,  and  the  stream  from 
the  spring  is  thrown  to  the  surface  with  con 
siderable  force.  When  a  brand  is  applied  to 
the  water,  it  bursts  into  a  flame.  If  drunk,  it 
proves  a  powerful  emetic. 

BURNT  CABINS,  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

BURNT  CORN,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Mon 
roe  co.  Alabama. 

BURNT  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the  At 
lantic,  near  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  68°  15' 
W. ;  lat.  44°  9'  N. 

BURNT  ISLAND,  on  the  S.  coast  of  New- 
foundland,  15  m.  ESE.  from  Cape  Ray.  Lon, 
58°  50'  W. ;  lat.  47°  30'  N. 

BURNTLODGE,  r.  N.  A.  which  runs  into 
the  Missouri,  6  m.  W.  from  Bratton's  r. 

BURRILLVILLE,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I, 
in  the  NW.  corner  of  the  state ;  about  24  m. 
WNW.  from  Providence.  It  contains  a  bank 
and  several  cotton  manufactories. 

BURRTOWN,  t.  Rutherford  co.  N.  C.  498 
m.  from  W. 

BURTON,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  88  m, 
NNW.  from  Portsmouth. 

BURTON,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Cuy- 
ahoga,  about  10  m.  SE.  from  Chardon,  342 
from  W.  Here  is  an  academy, 

BURTON,  t.  Sunbury  co.  N.  Brunswick,  on 
the  W.  side  of  St.  Johns  river. 

BURTON,  t.  Washington  co.  Miso. 

BURTONSVILLE,  v.  Orange  co.  Va.  108 
m.  from  W. 

BURTUSH,  harbor,  on  the  NE.  coast  of  N. 
Brunswick,  15  or  20  m.  from  the  S.  extremity 

BURTZTOWN,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

BURY,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  70  or  80 
m.  SE.  from  Three  Rivers. 

BUSH,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into  Chesapeake 
bay,  below  Hartford. 

BUSH  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the 
Delaware,  in  S.  part  of  Wayne  eo. 

BUSHKILL,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

BUSHKILL,  creek,  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
falling  into  the  Delaware  r.  at  Easton.  It  is 
between  20  and  30  m.  long,  and  one  of  the 
finest  mill  streams  in  the  state. 

BUSHVILLE,  v.  Franklin  co.  Geo.  by  the 
postroad  126  m.  N.  from  Milledgeville. 

BUSHWICK,  t.  Kings  co.  Long  Island,  N. 
Y.  on  the  N.  side  of  Brooklyn,  and  on  East 
River.  Pop.  1,620. 

BUSKIRK'S  BRIDGE,  v.  Washington  co. 
N.  Y.  432  m.  from  W. 

BUSTARD,  r.  L.  C.  enters  the  St.  Lawrence 
near  Manicouigan  Point. 

BUSTI,  v.  Chatauque  co.  N,  Y.  350  rn.  * 
little  S.  of  W,  from  Albany. 


BUS—CAB 


213 


BUSTLETOWN,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  14 
m.  NE.  from  Philada.  Here  is  an  academy. 

BUTLER,  co.  Pa.  between  the  Alleghany 
and  Beaver  rivers,  bounded  S.  by  Alleghany, 
W.  by  Beaver,  NW.  by  Mercer,  N.  by  Venango, 
and  E.  by  Armstrong ;  length,  35  m. ;  mean 
width,  24 ;  area,  840  sq.  ms. ;  surface  hilly,  but 
soil  generally  fertile  and  well  watered.  Chief' 
town,  Butler.  Pop.  14,683. 

BUTLER,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.  Pop.  in  1820, 
472. 

BUTLER,  bor.  and  cap.  of  Butler  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  in  1810,  225. 

BUTLER,  co.  Ken.  on  Green  r.  bounded  S. 
by  Logan,  W.  by  Muhlenberg,  NW.  by  Ohio, 
NE.  by  Grayson,  and  SE.  by  Warren ;  length 
33  m. ;  mean  width,  25 ;  area,  825  sq.  ms. ;  sur 
face  gently  waving  or  hilly ;  soil  fertile.  Sta 
ples,  grain,  flour,  fruit,  live  stock,  and  salted 
provisions.  Chief  town,  Morgantown.  Pop. 
3,055.  Lat  37°  30' ;  Ion.  9°  30'  W.  from  W. 

BUTLER,  co.  Ala.  bounded  S.  by  Cunecuh, 
W.  by  Monroe  and  Wilcox,  N.  by  Montgome 
ry,  and  E.  by  Henry ;  length,  63  m. ;  mean 
width,  30 ;  area,  1900  sq.  ms. ;  surface  gener 
ally  flat  or  gently  rolling,  with  a  thin  soil,  ex 
cept  along  the  streams.  Staple,  cotton.  Pop. 
5,634  Lat.  31°  45' ;  Ion.  9°  30'  W.  from  W. 

BUTLER,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Preble  and  Montgomery  cos.  E.  by  Warren 
co.  S.  by  Hamilton  co.  and  W.  by  Ind.  It  is 
27  m.  long  from  E.  to  W.  by  18  broad  from  N. 
to  S.  containing  480  sq.  ms.  The  land  is 
mostly  of  an  excellent  quality  for  farming. 
Chief  town,  Hamilton.  Pop.  27,044.  Lat. 
39°  30';  Ion.  7°  30'  W.  from  W. 

BUTLER,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

BUTTER,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1820, 323. 

BUTTER,  t  Montgomery  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
in  1820, 1,646. 

BUTTERHILL,  mt.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side  of 
the  Hudson,  opposite  to  Breakneck  Hill,  3  m. 
below  Newburgh.  Height,  1,432  feet. 

BUTTER  ISLAND,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine. 
Pop.  in  181 0,10;  in  1820, 11. 

BUTTERMILK  FALLS,  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 
so  called  from  the  color  of  the  water ;  below 
it  is  a  fall  of  about  15  feet,  over  a  rock  formed 
by  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  on  which  are 
some  fine  mills. 

BUTTERNUTS,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Unadilla,  21  m.  SW.  from  Cooperstown,  87  W. 
from  Albany,  343  from  W.  Pop.  3,991.  It  is 
a  good  agricultural  town,  and  contains  a  forge 
for  making  bar  iron,  and  some  water  works. 

BUTTERNUTS,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into 
the  Unadilla,  in  Oxford.  Length,  30  m. 

BUTTON'S  BAY,  the  N.  part  of  Hudson's 
Bay,  through  which  attempts  have  been  made 
to  discover  a  NW.  passage  to  China.  It  is  so 
called  from  Sir  Thomas  Button,  who  here  lost 
his  ship,  and  came  back  in  a  sloop  built  in  the 
country.  It  lies  between  60°  and  66°  N.  lat. 

BUTTON'S  ISLAND,  in  Hudson's  Strait. 

BUXTON,  t.  York  co.  Maine,  on  E.  side  of 
the  Saco,  opposite  Hollis,  8  m.  NW.  from  Saco, 
40  NNE.  from  York,  118  NNW.  from  Boston, 
569  from  W.  Pop.  2,856.  It  is  a  considerable 
town. 


BUZZARD'S  BAY,  on  S.  coast  of  Mass. 
opposite  Barnstable  Bay.  It  is  30  m.  long, 
and  7  wide.  Lon.  70°  33'  to  71°  10'  W.  lat. 
41°  25'  to  41°  42'  N. 

BYBERRY,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa. 

BYFIELD,  a  village  in  Essex  co.  Mass.  5 
m.  SW.  from  Newburyport.  It  is  situated 
round  the  head  of  the  tide  on  the  river  Parker, 
and  between  this  and  Mill  river.  It  contains 
a  cotton  and  woollen  manufactory,  and  a  num 
ber  of  valuable  mills.  Dummer  Academy, 
which  is  well  endowed,  and  has  a  good  library, 
is  in  this  parish,  near  Newburyport  turnpike. 
Near  the  meeting-house  there  is  a  respectable 
seminary  for  the  instruction  of  young  ladies  in 
the  higher  branches  of  education. 

BYRA,  t.  Cape  Girardeau  co.  Miso. 

BYRAM,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  It  adjoins  to 
Newtown. 

BYRAM,  r.  which  rises  in  N.  Y.  and  runs 
into  Long  Island  Sound.  .  It  forms,  for  a  short 
distance,  the  boundary  between  N.  York  and 
Connecticut. 

BYRNVILLE,  t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  31 
m.  W.  from  Albany. 

BYRON,  v.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  1,939. 

C. 

CAAMANA,  Cape,  on  the  NW.  coast  of 
America.  Lon.  228°  17'  E.  lat.  55°  29'  N. 

CABARITA,  isl.  off  Jamaica.  Lon.  76° 
40'  W.  lat.  18°  24'  N. 

CABARRAS,  a  small  co.  situated  in  the  in- 
terior  of  N.  Carolina,  lying  W.  of  the  Yadkin 
river.  Pop.  8,796.  Chief  town,  Concord,  143 
m.  WSW.  of  Raleigh. 

CABARRAS  COURT-HOUSE,  Cabarras 
co.  N.  Carolina. 

CABBAGE  INLET,  channel  between  two 
small  islands,  on  the  coast  of  N.  Carolina, 
communicating  with  New  river.  Lon.  78°  7' 
W.  lat.  34°  3'  N. 

CABELL,  co.  Va.  bounded  by  Ohio  river 
NW.  Mason  and  Kenhawa  NE.  Giles  and 
Tazewell  SE.  and  by  Kent,  or  Big  Sandy  river 
SW.  Length  50  m.  mean  width  35;  area 
1,750  sq.  ms.  It  is  a  mountainous,  hilly,  and 
rocky  region,  with  much  fertile  soil,  well  wa 
tered  and  wooded.  Pop.  5,884. 

CABELLSBURG,  or  New-Glasgow,  t.  Am- 
herst  co.  Va.;  28  m.  ENE.  Madison,  195 
fromW. 

CABIN  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio. 

CABIN  POINT,  t.  Surrey  co.  Va.  on  Upper 
Chipoak  creek;  26  m.  ESE.  Petersburg,  171 
from  W. 

CABOT,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt. ;  9  m.  W.  Dan 
ville,  19  NE.  Montpelier,  534  from  W.  Pop. 
1,304.  It  is  on  the  height  of  land  between  the 
Connecticut  and  Lake  Champlain. 

CABOT'S  HEAD,  U.  C.  very  large  pro 
montory  running  into  Lake  Huron,  W.  of 
Gloucester,  or  Matchedash  Bay,  and  embays  a 
large  part  of  that  lake  at  its  easternmost  ex 
tremity,  stretching  itself  towards  the  Manitou 
islands. 

CABO  DE  CRUZ,  point  on  the  S.  side  of 
Cuba.  Lat.  19°  48'  N. 


214 


CAB— CAL 


CABO  DE  ST.  JUAN,  the  NE.  point  of 
Porto  Rico.  Lat.  18°  24'  N. 

CABRON,  Cape,  St.  Domingo.  Lat.  19° 
23'  N. 

CACHE,  t.  Arkansas  Territory,  on  White 
river,  52  m.  W.  of  the  mouth  of  St.  Francis 
river. 

CACHED,  t.  in  Negroland,  seated  on  the  r. 
St.  Domingo.  It  is  subject  to  the  Portuguese, 
who  have  three  forts,  and  carry  on  a  great 
trade  in  flax  and  slaves.  Lon.  14°  55'  E.  lat. 
12°  N. 

CACKLEY'S  t.  Bath  co.  Va.  postroad  211 
m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Richmond. 

CADIZ,  t.  and  cap.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  16 
m.  NW.  St.  Clairsville,  25  W.  Steubenville,  302 
from  W.  It  is  a  thriving  town,  and  contains 
the  county  buildings. 

CADIZ,  v.  and  seat  of  justice  of  Tngg  co. 
Ken.  on  Little  river,  postroad  232  m.  SW. 
Frankfort. 

CADO,  r.  Arkansas  Territory,  one  of  the 
branches  of  Little  Red  river. 

CADO,  t.  Clark  co.  Arkansas. 

CADRON,  or  Quadrant,  t.  and  cap.  Pulaski 
co.  Arkansas,  laid  out  on  a  high  and  rocky 
spot  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river  Arkansas  at  the 
mouth  of  a  small  creek  of  the  same  name,  150 
m.  by  land  from  the  town  of  Arkansas.  Here 
is  a  convenient  harbor  for  boats. 

CESAR'S  CREEK,  t.  Green  co.  Ohio. 

CAHABA,  co.  Ala.  bounded  W.  by  Tucka- 
loosa,  N.  by  Shelby,  E.  by  the  Coosa  river,  and 
S.  by  Montgomery  and  Dallas.  Length  55, 
breadth  43  m. ;  area  2,265  sq.  ms. 

CAHABON,  t.  Mexico,  25  m.  W.  from  Vera 
Paz. 

CAHAWBA,  Kahawla,  or  Cabo,  r.  AJa. 
which,  after  a  southerly  course,  unites  with 
the  Alabama,  160  m.  below  its  forks,  the  Coosa 
and  Tallapoosa;  and  210  above  its  junction 
with  the  Tombigbee. 

CAHAWBA,  t.  Ala.  Dallas  co.  at  the  June- 
tion  of  the  river  Cahawba  with  the  Alabama, 
77  m.  in  a  right  line  NE.  St.  Stephens.  11 
was  laid  out  in  1818. 

CAHNAWAGA,  v.  in  Johnstown,  N.  Y 
near  the  Mohawk ;  39  m.  NW.  Albany. 

CAHOKIA,  t  St.  Clair  co.  II.  about  1  m.  E 
of  the  Mississippi ;  5  m.  below  St.  Louis,  20 
N.  Harrisonville,  52  NNW.  Kaskaskia,  978 
from  W.  It  is  a  French  village. 

CAHOOS  FALLS,  in  Mohawk  river,  3  m 
above  its  mouth.  The  river  here  is  about  1,000 
feet  wide ;  the  rock  over  which  it  pours,  ex 
tends  across  the  river  obliquely  from  SW.  to 
NE.  and  is  70  feet  high.  From  the  bridge  " 
of  a  mile  below,  the  falls  are  in  full  view. 

CAICOS,  cluster  of  islands  between  St.  Do 
mingo  and  the  Bahamas.  The  largest,  callec 
the  Grand  Caico,  is  due  N.  from  St.  Domingo 
Lat.  21°  N. 

CAIMAN'S,  or  more  correctly  Cayman's 
a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Caribbean  sea 
to  the  NW.  of  Jamaica.  Lon.  5°  W.  from  W 
lat  19°  15'  N. 

CAIMITES,  3  islands  near  the  west  coast 
of  Hispaniola. 


CA-IRA,  v.  Cumberland  co.  Va. ;  62  m.  W. 
rom  Richmond,  185  from  W. 

CAIRO,  or  Canton,  t.  Greene  co.N.  Y.;  11 
m.  W.  Athens,  340  from  W.  Pop.  2,912.  It 
s  a  considerable  town,  and  has  some  iron 
works. 

CAIRO,  t.  Alexander  co.  II.  at  the  junction 
of  the  Ohio  with  the  Mississippi,  80  m.  S.  Kas- 
taskias. 

CAIRO,  t  Lancaster  co,  S.  C.;  468  m. 
from  W. 

CAIRO,  or  Cragfont,  t  Sumner  co.  Ten. 
on  the  Cumberland ;  30  m.  E.  Nashville,  722 
from  W. 

CALAIS,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine.  Pop. 
1,686. 

CALAIS,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.;  11  m. 
NE.  Montpelier,  538  from  W.  Pop.  1,539.  It 
's  an  excellent  agricultural  town,  and  contains 
a  nail  manufactory,  and  valuable  mills. 

CALAIS,  or  Scoodic  Falls,  t.  Washington 
co.  Me.  on  the  St.  Croix ;  68  m.  NE.  Machias, 
418  NE.  Boston,  843  from  W.  Pop.  1,686. 

CALCASIU,  r.  La.  which  rises  several  m. 
S.  of  Natchitoches,  and  pursuing  a  S.  course, 
passes  through  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  and 
3  m.  below  the  lake  flows  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexi 
co,  lat  29°  36'  N.  Lake  Calcasiu  is  about  30 
m.  long,  and  10  or  12  (where  widest)  broad. 

CALDWELL,  an  interior  co.  in  the  western 
part  of  Kentucky,  bounded  on  the  SW.  by  the 
great  Cumberland  river.  Pop.  8,332.  Eddy- 
ville,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  river,  about  30  m. 
above  its  entrance  into  the  Ohio,  and  200  SW. 
of  Frankfort,  is  the  chief  town. 

CALDWELL,  or  Fort  George,  t.  and  cap. 
Warren  co.  N.  Y.  at  S.  end  of  Lake  George  ; 
~  m.  N.  Albany,  415  from  W.  Pop.  797. 
This  is  becoming  a  place  of  resort,  on  account 
of  the  beautiful  scenery  around  Lake  George. 

CALDWELL,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  It  ad 
joins  to  Newark. 

CALDWELL'S  BRIDGE,  v.  Franklin  co. 
Ten. 

CALEDONIA,  co.  E.  side  of  Vt.  bounded 
N.  by  Essex  co.  E.  by  Connecticut  river,  S.  by 
Orange  co.  and  W.  by  Washington  and  Or 
leans  cos.  Pop.  20,967.  Chief  towns,  Dan 
ville  and  Peacham. 

CALEDONIA,  t.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  W. 
from  Genesee  river,  on  the  road  from  Avon  to 
Batavia,  30  m.  W.  from  Canandaigua,  and  17 
E.  from  Batavia.  Gypsum  abounds  in  the 
township.  Pop.  1820,  2,645. 

CALEDONIA,  t.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  ly 
ing  to  the  W.  of  Genesee  river,  and  S.  of  Erie 
canal,  245  m.  W.  of  Albany.  Big  Spring,  re 
markable  for  the  abundance  of  its  waters,  is  in 
this  township.  Pop.  1,618. 

CALEDONIA,  v.  Washington  co.  Miso. 

CALEDONIA,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Genesee ;  10  m.  E.  from  Bata 
via,  246  W.  from  Albany,  378  from  W.  Pop. 
2,355. 

CALEMUT,  or  Salamaine,  r.  Ind.  which 
runs  into  the  Wabash,  12  m.  E.  from  Eel 
Town, 

CALEMICK,  Big  and  Little,  2  small  rivers 


CAL— CAM 


215 


which  empty  into  Lake  Michigan,  at  its 
southern  bend. 

CALF  PASTURE  RIVER,  r.  Va.  which 
runs  into  James  river,  below  Lexington. 

CALHOUN,  t.  Ten.  on  the  north  side  of 
the  Hiwassee,  directly  opposite  the  Cherokee 


Agency. 
CALHC 


CALHOUN,  v  M'Minn  co.  Ten.  on  Hi 
wassee  river,  postroad  130  m.  SE.  from  Mur. 
freesborough,  and  about  75  m.  SW.  from  Knox- 
ville. 

CALHOUNSVILLE,  v.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.  52 
m.  NW.  from  Harrisburg. 

CALIAQUA,  port  of  the  W.  Indies,  hi  the 
W.  part  of  St.  Vincents. 

CALIFORNIA,  Old,  a  province  of  Mexico. 
It  is  a  peninsula,  extending  from  the  bay  of 
All-Saints,  in  lat  32°,  to  Cape  St.  Lucas  inlat. 
22°  48'  N.  and  bounded  N.  by  New  California, 
E.  by  the  Gulf  of  California,  and  VV.  by  the 
Pacific.  A  ridge  of  mountains  runs  through 
the  centre  of  the  peninsula.  The  soil  is  gene 
rally  barren.  The  Jesuits  made  the  first  es 
tablishment  here  in  1742.  Since  their  expul 
sion,  the  Dominican  monks  of  the  city  of 
Mexico  have  had  charge  of  the  missions.  The 
country  contains  55,000  sq.  ms.  but  in  1803 
only  9,000  inhabitants.  The  population  has 
much  diminished  within  the  last  40  years, 
owing  to  the  ravages  of  the  small-pox. 

CALIFORNIA,  New,  a  province  of  Mexico 
which  extends  from  the  isthmus  of  Old  Cali 
fornia,  or  the  bay  of  Todos  Santos,  to  Cape 
Mendocino,  in  N.  lat.  40°  19'.  It  is  a  narrow 
tract  of  country,  600  m.  long,  and  contains 
16,000  sq.  ms.  The  soil  is  as  well  watered  and 
fertile,  as  that  of  Old  California  is  arid  and 
stony.  The  climate  is  more  mild  than  in  the 
same  latitude  on  the  eastern  coast.  Good 
wine  is  now  made  in  most  of  the  villages  es 
tablished  by  the  Spaniards  along  the  coast  S, 
and  N.  of  Monterey,  to  beyond  37°  N.  lat.  The 
European  olive  is  also  successfully  cultivated 
in  several  of  the  settlements.  The  country 
abounds  in  fish  and  game  of  every  description 
hares,  rabbits,  and  stags  are  very  common 
seals  and  otters  are  also  found  in  prodigious 
numbers.  There  are  18  missionary  settle 
ments,  formed  by  the  Spaniards  on  the  coast, 
which,  within  a  few  years,  have  made  great 
progress  in  population. 

CALL  ABASH  BAY,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ja 
maica.  Lon.  77°  25'  E.  lat.  17°  53'  N. 

CALLAGHAN'S,  v.  Bath  co.  Va. 

CALLAHPOEWAH,  Indians,  in  W.  part 
of  N.  America,  on  the  Multnomah.  No.  2,000. 

CALLAND'S  STORE,  Pittsylvania  co.  Pa. 

CALLAND'S  STORE,  t.  Pittsylvania  co. 
Va.  188  m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

CALLAWAY,  a  co.  of  Kentucky.  Pop, 
5,159.  Wadesborough  is  the  chief  town. 

CALN,  East,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.    Pop.  974. 

CALN,  West,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,003. 

CALUMAZEE,  r.  Michigan,  runs  into 
Lake  Michigan,  N.  of  Black  river. 

CALUMEL,t.  Pike  co.  Miso. 

CALUMET,  Grand,  on  the  Ottawa  river, 


on  the  south  side,  above  the  Portage  de  Mon 
tague,  U.  C. 

CALUMET,  Point  au,  on  Lake  Superior, 
U.  C.  on  the  N.  shore,  the  first  point  W.  of  r. 
Du  Chene,?  between  which  places  the  coast, 
consistingof  perpendicular  rocks,  is  dangerous. 

CAL  VERT,  co.  Md. ;  bounded  N.  by  Anne 
Arundel  co.  E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  SW.  by 
St.  Mary's  co.  and  W.  by  Prince  George  co. 
Pop.  8,899.  Chief  town,  Prince  Frederick. 

CAMBAHEE,  r.  S.  C.  which  is  formed  by 
two  branches,  called  North  and  South  Salt- 
ketcher,  and  runs  into  St.  Helena  Sound. 

CAMBRAY,  or  Governeur,  t.  N.  Y.  in  St. 
Lawrence  co.  on  the  Oswegatchie  river. 

CAMBRIA,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  E.  side 
of  the  Niagara.  Pop.  1,712.  It  is  28  m.  long, 
and  16  broad,  and  contains  the  post-villages 
of  Manchester,  Lewiston,  and  Fort  Niagara, 
which  see. 

CAMBRIA,  co.  Pa. ;  bounded  N.  by  Clear- 
field  co.  E.  by  Huntingdon  and  Bedford  cos. 
S.  by  Somerset  co.  and  W.  by  Westmoreland 
and  Indiana  cos.  Pop.  7,079.  Chief  town, 
Ebensburg. 

CAMBRIA,  t.  Cambria  co.  Pa.     Pop.  868. 

CAMBRIDGE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.;  35  m. 
NNW.  from  Montpelier,  514  from  W.  Pop. 
990. 

CAMBRIDGE,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.;  watered 
by  the  Androscoggin ;  25  m.  NE.  Lancaster. 

CAMBRIDGE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Dor 
chester  co.  Md.  on  the  Choptank  river.  Lat. 
38°  40'  N.  Ion.  1°  3'  E.  of  W. 

CAMBRIDGE,  v.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C. 
150  m.  NW.  from  Charleston.  It  contains  60 
or  70  houses,  and  from  250  to  350  inhabitants. 

CAMBRIDGE,  t.  and  cap.  Guernsey  co 
Ohio,  on  Wills  creek,  25  m.  E.  from  Zanes 
ville,  85  from  Columbus.  Lat.  40°  4'  N.  It 
is  a  flourishing  place,  and  contains  the  county 
buildings  and  about  50  dwelling-houses. 

CAMBRIDGE,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass,  on 
Charles  river,  3  m.  WNW.  from  Boston.  Lon. 
71°  4' 30"  W.  lat.  12°  23' N.  Pop.  6,071.  It 
contains  the  colleges,  a  court-house,  county 
jail,  state  arsenal,  and  4  houses  for  public 
worship,  viz.  2  for  Congregationalists,  1  for 
Episcopalians,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Uni- 
versalists.  The  courts  of  the  county  are  held 
alternately  here  and  at  Concord.  The  court 
house  and  jail  are  at  the  SE.  extremity  of  the 
town,  on  Lechmore's  Point,  which  approaches 
within  a  mile  of  Boston,  and  is  connected  with 
it  by  a  bridge  over  Charles  river.  There  is 
another  bridge  connecting  this  point  with 
Charlestown.  The  village  of  Cambridgeport, 
which  lies  west  of  Lechmore's  Point,  is  con 
nected  with  Boston  by  a  bridge  called  West 
Boston  Bridge.  In  this  town  is  Harvard  Col 
lege,  or  the  University  of  Cambridge,  the  oldest 
and  most  wealthy  literary  institution  in  the 
U.  States.  It  was  founded  in  1638,  in  less 
than  20  years  after  the  first  settlement  of  N. 
England.  Its  officers  are  a  president,  20 
professors,  5  tutors,  an  instructor  in  French 
and  Spanish,  a  proctor,  and  a  regent.  The 
library  is  the  second  in  America,  containing- 


216 


CAM— CAM 


upwards  of  35,000  volumes.  The  philosophi 
cal  and  chemical  apparatus  are  complete. 
There  are  belonging  to  the  University,  a  valu 
able  cabinet  of  minerals,  an  excellent  anatomi 
cal  museum,  and  a  botanic  garden,  containing 
8  acres,  and  furnished  with  an  extensive  col 
lection  of  trees,  shrubs,  and  plants,  both  na 
tive  and  foreign.  The  college  buildings  con 
sist  of  the  University  Hall,  which  is  an  ele 
gant  stone  edifice,  containing  the  chapel,  din 
ing  halls,  and  lecture  rooms;  Harvard  Hall, 
containing  the  library,  philosophical  appara 
tus,  museum,  &c. ;  4  spacious  brick  edifices, 
containing  rooms  for  students ;  and  several 
other  buildings,  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
president,  professors,  and  students.  A  law 
school,  medical  school,  and  theological  semi 
nary,  form  part  of  the  University.  The  num 
ber  of  students  ranges  from  3  to  400.  A 
greater  number  of  students  has  been  educated 
here  than  at  any  other  college  in  the  country. 

The  studies  of  which  a  knowledge  is  neces 
sary  in  order  to  admission  into  the  freshman 
class,  are  Virgil,  Sallust,  Cicero's  Select  Ora 
tions,  Grseca  Minora,  Greek  Testament,  An- 
cient  and  Modern  Geography,  Arithmetic 
through  alligation,  medial  and  alternate,  and 
Algebra  to  the  end  of  simple  equations. 

Course  of  Study. — 1st  year.  Grseca  Majora, 
Livy  5  books,  Horace,  Grotius  de  Ver.  Rel. 
Chris.  Excerpta  Latina,  Algebra,  Geometry, 
Ancient  History  and  Chronology,  Walker's 
Rhetorical  Grammar,  English  Grammar,  and 
Adams'  Roman  Antiquities.  2d  year.  Grseca 
Majora  continued,  Excerpta  Latina  finished, 
Cicero  de  Oratore,  Trigonometry,  Navigation, 
Blair's  Lectures  on  Rhetoric,  Modern  History 
and  Chronology,  Hedge's  Logic,  and  Locke  on 
the  Human  Understanding.  3d  year.  Grseca 
Majora  finished,  Locke  finished,  Homer's  Il 
iad  4  or  5  books,  Juvenal  and  Persius,  or 
equivalent  part  of  Tacitus,  Paley's  Evidences, 
Willard's  Hebrew  Grammar,  part  of  the  He 
brew  Bible,  Griesbach's  Greek  Testament  criti 
cally,  Enfield's  Natural  Philosophy  and  As 
tronomy,  Stewart's  Philosophy  of  the  Human 
Mind,  Paley's  Moral  Philosophy,  and  Mensu 
ration  of  Superficies  and  Solids.  4th  year. 
Enfield  and  Stewart  continued,  Conic  Sections, 
Spheric  Geometry,  Chemistry,  Burlamaqui  on 
Natural  and  Political  Law,  Paley's  Moral  and 
Political  Philosophy,  Political  Economy,  and 
Butler's  Analogy. 

The  annual  amount  of  the  college  charges, 
to  those  who  are  not  beneficiaries,  is  as  follows : 
Steward,  $10;  Board  in  common,  38  weeks 
of  term-time  at  about  $3  per  week,  $114; 
room  rent,  $12 ;  instruction,  two  first  years, 
$46  each  year,  3d  year  $64,  4th  year  $74,  ave 
rage  $57  50 ;  librarian,  repairs,  lecture-rooms, 
catalogues,  and  contingencies,  $8 ;  wood,  $16 ; 
books  used  in  classes,  $15;  total,  $232  50. 
Commencement  is  held  on  the  last  Wednes 
day  in  August.  There  are  3  vacations :  the 
first  from  the  commencement,  4  weeks  and  2 
days;  the  second,  from  the  4th  Friday  in  De 
cember,  7  weeks;  the  third,  from  the  third 
Friday  in  May,  2  weeks.  The  whole  number 
educated  at  this  college,  from  its  foundation  to 


1830,  was  5,538 ;  of  whom  1,377  had  devoted 
themselves  to  the  Christian  ministry. 

CAMBRIDGE,  West,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
6  m.  N.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,230. 

CAMBRIDGE,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  12 
m.  S.  from  Salem,  35  NE,  Albany.  Pop.  2,319. 
In  1816,  2  towns,  White  creek  and  Jackson, 
were  set  off  from  Cambridge.  Here  is  an 
academy. 

CAMBRIDGE,  v.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  or 
near  Lamoelle  river,  38  m.  NW.  from  Mont- 
pelier.  Pop.  1,613. 

CAMDEN,  t.  of  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  oppo 
site  Philadelphia.  It  is  a  flourishing  village, 
extending  along  the  river.  The  houses  are 
neat,  and  many  elegant.  Pop.  about  650. 

CAMDEN,  t.  of  Kent  co.  Delaware,  3  m. 
SW.  from  Dover 

CAMDEN,  co.  of  N.  C.  bounded  by  Albe- 
marle  Sound  SE.  Pasquotank  county  and  river 
SW.  Virginia  N.  and  Currituck  and  North 
river  NE.  Length  38  m.  mean  width  6 ;  area 
228  sq.  ms.  Chief  town,  New  Lebanon.  Pop, 
1820,  6,721. 

;  CAMDEN,  East,  t.  in  the  Midland  district, 
lies  northerly  of  Ernesttown,  U.  C. 

CAMDEN,  t.  in  the  co.  of  Kent,  called  also 
Camden  West,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river 
Thames,  opposite  to  Howard,  N.  C. 

CAMDEN,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  on  Penobscot 
Bay,  about  12  m.  E.  from  Thomaston,  and  37 
E.  from  Wiscasset.  Pop.  2,200.  It  is  a  small 
but  growing  village,  and  carries  on  the  busi 
ness  of  burning  lime. 

CAMDEN,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  NW. 
Rome.  It  is  settled  chiefly  by  emigrants  from 
Conn.  Pop.  1,945. 

CAMDEN,  t.  and  cap.  Kershaw  co.  S.  C.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Wateree,  at  the  junction  of 
Pine-tree  creek,  35  m.NE,  Columbia,  120  N.  by 
W.  Charleston,  109  NE.  Augusta.  Lat.  34°  17 
N.  Ion.  80°  54'  W.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
and  contains  200  houses,  a  court-house  and 
jail,  an  academy  now  belonging  to  the  Orphan 
Society,  a  masonic  hall,  a  brick  market-house 
and  library,  an  arsenal,  3  flouring  mills  and 
other  mills,  4  religious  societies,  viz.  an  Epis 
copalian,  a  Presbyterian,  a  Baptist  and  a  Meth 
odist.  The  river  is  navigable  for  boats  of  70 
tons,  and  there  is  a  lively  trade  with  the  back 
country.  It  is  memorable  for  two  battles 
fought  here  during  the  revolutionary  war ;  one 
the  16th  Aug.  1780,  between  Gen.  Gates  and 
Lord  Cornwallis ;  the  other,  the  23d  April,  be 
tween  Gen.  Greene  and  Lord  Rawdon. 

CAMDEN,  co.  of  Geo.  forming  the  SE.  an- 
gle  of  that  state,  on  the  Atlantic  ocean ;  bound 
ed  by  that  ocean  E.  by  Florida  S.  and  SW.  on 
the  W.  limits  uncertain;  and  by  Glynn  N. 
Length  28  m.,  mean  width  25 ;  area  700  sq. 
ms.  Surface  flat,  soil  sandy,  and  in  some  parts 
marshy.  Staples,  sugar,  cotton,  rice,  tobacco, 
&c.  Chief  town,  Jefferson.  Pop.  4,578. 

CAMDEN,  port,  NW.  coast  of  America,  in 
Prince  Frederick  Sound.  Lon.  56°  45'  from 
W.  lat.  56°  55'  N. 

CAMEL'S  RUMP,  a  summit  of  the  Green 
Mountains  in  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  The  summit 
is  on  the  E.  line  of  Huntington ,  20  m.  E.  by 


CAM— CAN 


217 


S.  from  Burlington,  20  W.  by  N.  from  Mont- 
pelier.  It  is  one  of  the  highest  summits  of  the 
Green  Mountains,  and  its  height  is  estimated 
at  3,400  feet. 

CAMERON,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
924. 

CAMILLUS,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  York,  on 
S.  side  of  Seneca  river ;  10  m.  NW.  from  Onon 
daga,  160  W.  from  Albany,  and  400  from  W 
Pop.  2,518.  An  extensive  mine  of  gypsum  is 
found  in  this  town. 

CAMPAIGN  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which 
flows  into  the  Ohio,  8  m.  above  Gallipolis. 

CAMPBELL,  co.  Va. ;  bounded  N.  by  James 
river  and  Buckingham  co.  E.  by  Charlotte  co. 
S.  by  the  Appomatox,  and  W.  by  Bedford  co. ; 
218  m.  from  W.  Pop.  15,704.  Chief  towns, 
Lynchburg  and  New  London. 

CAMPBELL,  a  co.  of  Georgia.  Pop.  3,323. 
Campbellton  is  the  capital. 

CAMPBELL,  C.  H.  and  t.  Campbell  co. 
Va.  10  m.  S.  from  Lynchburg. 

CAMPBELL,  co.  Ken.  on  both  sides  of 
Licking  river,  opposite  to  the  city  of  Cincin 
nati  ;  bounded  by  the  Ohio  river  N.  and  NE. 
by  Pendleton  S.  and  by  Roane  W.  Length 
32  m.,  mean  width  10 ;  area  320  sq.  ms.  Sur 
face  hilly,  soil  productive.  Staples,  grain, 
flour,  whiskey,  live  stock,  salted  provisions, 
and  fruit.  Chief  town,  Newport.  Pop.  9,893. 
Lat.  39°  N.  Ion.  7°  10'  W. 

CAMPBELL,  co.  Ten.  in  a  triangular  form, 
bounded  by  Kentucky  N.  by  Clinch  river  SE. 
and  by  Anderson  SW.  Length  35  m.  mean 
width  12;  area  420.  Surface  hilly,  and  in 
part  mountainous :  soil  fertile  in  the  valleys 
and  along  the  streams.  Staples,  grain,  flour, 
fruit,  and  salted  provisions.  Chief  town,  Jack 
son's -borough.  Pop.  5,110. 

CAMPBELL'S  FORT,  in  Tennessee,  near 
the  conflux  of  the  Holston  with  the  Tennessee. 

CAMBELL'S  GROVE,  v.  Iredell  co.  N.  C. 

CAMPBELL'S  MILLS,  t.  Abbeville  dis 
trict,  S.  C. 

CAMPBELL'S  POINT,  cape  of  the  NW. 
coast  of  N.  America,  at  Cook's  Inlet,  SE.  side. 
Lon.  72°  15'  W.  from  W.  lat.  60°  6'  N. 

CAMPBELL'S  STATION,  t.  Knox  co. 
Ten. 

CAMBPELLSTOWN,v.  Steuben  co.N.  Y. 
postroad  254  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

CAMPBELLSTOWN,  v.  Lebanon  co.  Pa. 
on  the  road  from  Lebanon  to  Harrisburg,  18 
m.  from  the  latter. 

CAMPBELLSVILLE,  v.  Henry  co.  Ken, 
54  m.  NW.  from  Frankfort. 

CAMPBELLSVILLE,  v.  Green  co.  Ken. ; 
654  m.  from  W. 

CAMPBELLTOWN,  v.  in  Painted  Post, 
N.  Y.  on  the  Susquehannah ;  288  m.  from  W. 

CAMPBELLTOWN,  v.  Edgefield  district, 
S-C.;  588m.  from  W. 

CAMPEACHY,  t.  Mexico,  in  Merida  or 
Yucatan,  on  the  river  St.  Francis,  in  the  Bay 
of  Campeachy.  The  port  is  large,  but  shallow. 
It  was  formerly  a  stated  market  for  logwood, 
of  which  great  quantities  grew  in  the  neigh 
borhood  Lon.  90°  34'  W.  lat.  19°  30'  N.  Pop. 
6,000. 


CAMPO  BELLO,  province  of  New  Bruna. 
wick,  a  fertile  island  at  the  mouth  of  Passama- 
quoddy  Bay,  separated  on  the  SW.  by  a  nar 
row  passage  from  Lubec.  It  is  about  9  m. 
long  and  from  1  to  3  broad,  contains  many  ex 
cellent  harbors,  and  has  many  advantages  for 
commerce  and  the  fisheries.  The  lands  are 
now  in  the  hands  of  a  single  proprietor,  but  if 
offered  for  sale,  few  places  would  settle  more 
rapidly. 

CAMPTON,  t.  Graflon  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
Merrimack;  6  m.  N.  from  Plymouth,  76 
NNW.  from  Portsmouth,  548  from  W.  Pop, 
1,313. 

CAMPVILLE,  v.  Spartanburg  district,  S. 
Carolina. 

CAMUNIPAW,  v.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.;  SW. 
of  Jersey  City. 

CANAAN,  Essex  Co.  Vt.  in  NE.  corner  of 
the  state,  on  the  Connecticut ;  85  m.  NE.  from 
Montpelier,  606  from  W.  Pop.  373. 

CANAAN,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Kennebec,  opposite  Bloomfield ;  5 
m.  E.  from  Norridgewock,  205  NNE.  Boston, 
646  from  W.  Pop.  1,076.  It  is  connected 
with  Bloomfield  by  Skouhegan  bridge,  which 
is  erected  over  falls  of  that  name. 

CANAAN,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  345. 

CANAAN,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  158. 

CANAAN,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H. ;  12  m.  E. 
from  Dartmouth  College,  103  NW.  Portsmouth, 
513  from  W.  Pop.  1,428. 

CANAAN,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Con.;  18  m. 
NNW.  from  Litchfield,  350  from  W.  Pop. 
2,301.  It  is  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Housatonic, 
which  separates  it  from  Salisbury.  The  river 
has  a  fall  here  of  60  feet  perpendicular,  which 
affords  seats  for  various  mills  and  manufacto 
ries. 

CANAAN,  South  v.  Ct.  in  S.  part  of  Ca 
naan  ;  345  from  W. 

CANAAN,  New,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct. ;  6  m. 
NW.  Norwalk.  Pop.  1,826. 

CANAAN,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. ;  23  m. 
NE.  from  Hudson,  25  SE.  from  Albany,  356 
from  W.  Pop.  2,064.  There  are  two  meet 
ing-houses  for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Baptists, 
and  1  for  Shakers  in  this  town 

CANAAN,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa. 

CANACADEA  LAKE,  in  Honeoy,  N.  Y. 
between  Honeoy  and  Hemlock  Lakes ;  4  m. 
long,  and  f  m.  broad. 

CANADA,  a  British  province.    See  p.  161. 

CANADA  CREEK,  West,  r.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  south  into  the  Mohawk,  in  Herkimer. 
Length  60  m. 

CANADA  CREEK,  East,  r.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  S.  into  Mohawk,  W.  into  Stone  Arabia. 
Length  30  m. 

CANADA  CREEK,  r.  small  N.  branch  of 
Wood  creek,  N.  Y. 

CANADAWAY,  creek,  N.  York,  in  Cha- 
tauque  co.  enters  Lake  Erie  about  2£  W.  from 
Dunkirk. 

CANADAWAY,  v.  in  Pomfret,  N.  Y.  on  a 
small  river  of  the  same  name  which  runs  12 
m.  NW.  into  Laks  Erie. 

CANADEA,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
in  1820,  696. 


218 


CAN—CAN 


CANADIAN  RIVER,  the  great  south 
western  branch  of  Arkansaw  river,  rises  by 
two  large  branches  in  the  mountains  of  New 
Mexico,  and  flowing  by  comparative  courses 
about  600  m.  each,  unite  at  N.  lat.  35°,  and 
18°  W.  from  W.  Below  the  confluence  of  the 
two  principal  branches,  the  Canadian  Fork 
continues  E.  40  m.  where  it  unites  with  the 
Arkansaw,  receiving  in  the  intermediate  dis 
tance  another  large  branch  from  the  SW.  For 
the  true  position,  course,  and  relative  extent  of 
the  Canadian  Fork,  the  public  stands  indebted 
to  Major  Long. 

CANAJOHARIE,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 
on  S.  side  of  the  Mohawk ;  49  m.  W.  from 
Albany,  418  from  W.  Pop.  4,348.  There  are 
3  churches  for  the  Dutch  Reformed,  and  1  for 
the  Baptists  in  this  town. 

CANAJOHARIE  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  NE.  into  the  Mohawk,  at  Canajoharie. 
CANAL,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 
CANANDAIGUA,  or  Canandarqua,  t.  and 
cap.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. ;  N.  of  Canandaigua  Lake ; 
88  m.  E.  from  Buffalo,  110  W.  from  Utica,  208 
W.  from  Albany,  365  from  W.  Lon.  77°  20' 
W.  lat.  42°  49'  N.  Pop.  5,162.  The  village 
is  situated  at  the  outlet  of  Canandaigua  Lake, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  2  banks,  one 
of  which  is  a  branch  of  the  Utica  bank,  a  state 
arsenal,  a  respectable  academy,  and  3  houses 
of  public  worship,  1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for 
Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Methodists.  It  is  a 
pleasant,  handsome,  and  flourishing  town,  and 
has  an  extensive  and  increasing  trade.  The 
surrounding  country  is  fertile.  Two  newspa 
pers  are  published  here. 

CANANDAIGUA,  lake,  N.  Y.  in  Ontario 
co.  15  m.  in  length,  and  1  in  mean  width.  It 
receives  a  number  of  creeks,  and  discharges 
its  waters  at  the  village  of  Canandaigua,  into 
an  outlet  which  flows  NE.  20  m.  joining  Muc 
creek  at  Lyons.  The  level  of  Canandaigua 
Lake  is  about  670  feet  above  that  of  the  At 
lantic  ocean,  105  above  that  of  Lake  Erie,  anc 
299  above  the  great  western  canal  at  Monte 
zuma. 

CANANDAIGUA,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  in 
eluding  the  village  of  the  same  name.  Pop 
in  1820,  4,680. 

CANANDAIGUA,  r.  N.  Y.  which  rune 
from  Canandaigua  lake,  NE,  into  the  r.  Sen 
eca,  in  Junius.  Length  45  m. 

CANARD,  small  r.  of  U.  C.  falls  into  De 

troit  r.  between  Amherstsburg  and  Sandwich 

CANARD,  Isle  au,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  a 

the  confluence  of  the  river  des  Prairies. 

CANARDS,  or  Duck  river,  U.  C.  falls  intc 
the  Detroit  1  m.  below  Grand  Turkey  island 

CANASARAGA,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 
m.  from  W. 

CANASERAGA  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which 
unites  with  the  Chitteningo,  4  m.  from  Oneide 
lake. 

CANAVARNAL,  bay  of  the  U.  S.  on  th 
Pacific  coast.  Lon.  47°  W.;  lat.  45°  N. 

CANDIA,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  II.  19  m 
SE.  from  Concord,  36  W.  from  Portsmouth 
and  513  from  W.  Pop.  1,362. 


CANDOR,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  E. 

rom  Spencer,  and  328  from  W.     Pop.  2,653. 

CANDRONS,  t.  Arkansas  co.  Miso.  terri- 
ory ;  1,330  m.  from  W. 

CANDY'S  CREEK,  t.  Cherokee  nation,  in 
he  NW.  part  of  Georgia. 

CANEADEA,  t.  Alleghany  co.  10  m.  SW. 
from  Angelica,  and  285  W.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  782. 

CANESUS  LAKE,  in  SW.  part  of  Ontario 
co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  long  and  2  broad.  It  lies  chiefly 
)etween  Genesee  and  Livonia, -and  discharges 
ts  waters  into  the  river  Genesee. 

CANFIELD,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio ;  10  m. 
W.  from  Poland;  14  S.  by  E.  from  Warren, 
50  N.  from  Steubenville,  and  291  from  W. 

CANIONIS,  t.  La.  on  the  Arkansaw. 

CANISTEO,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Canisteo;  20  m.  SW.  from  Bath,  265  WNW. 
from  Albany,  and  318  from  W.  Pop.  620. 

CANISTEO,  r.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  into  the  Tioga,  near  the  village  of  Paint- 
d  Post.     It  is  navigable  for  boats  to  Arkport, 
40m. 

CANISTOTA,  v.  in  Lenox,  Madison  co.  N. 
Y.  on  the  Great  Western  Canal,  27  m.  W. 
from  Utica. 

CANISTER,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 

CANNAUGHQUENESING,  t.  Butler  co. 
Pa.  It  is  watered  by  a  rivulet  of  the  same 
name. 

CANNAVERAL,  cape  of  Florida,  N.  lat. 
28°  22'.  It  was  off  this  cape,  April  29th, 
1814,  that  the  British  brig  Epervier,  of  22 
guns,  and  128  men,  was  captured  by  the  U.  S. 
sloop  Peacock,  captain  Warrington,  after  an 
action  of  42  minutes. 

CANNONBALL,  r.  Louisiana,  which  flows 
into  the  Missouri,  1,500  miles  from  the  Mis 
sissippi. 

CANNONSBURG,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
on  a  branch  of  Chartier  r.  7  m.  ENE.  from 
Washington,  18  SW.  from  Pittsburg,  and  244 
from  W.  It  has  an  elevated  and  pleasant 
situation.  Jefferson  College  was  founded  here 
in  1802.  The  college  edifice  is  a  spacious 
building  of  3  stories.  The  funds  are  small, 
not  exceeding  8,000  dollars.  The  library  con 
tains  2,500  volumes.  The  philosophical  appa 
ratus  is  not  extensive.  The  board  of  trustees 
consists  of  21  members,  of-  whom  8  may  be 
clergymen.  The  executive  government  is  in 
trusted  to  a  president,  a  vice-president,  and  2 
professors,  one  of  the  languages,  and  one  of 
the  natural  sciences.  The  present  number  of 
students  is  120 — the  number  of  instructors,  7. 
The  college  classes  are  three,  viz.  the  Sopho 
more,  Mathematical,  and  the  Philosophical 
classes.  The  studies  of  which  a  knowledge 
is  required  in  order  to  be  admitted  into  the 
sophomore  class,  are  Caesar's  Commentaries, 
Ovid,  Virgil,  and  the  Greek  Testament.  The 
studies  of  the  sophomore  class  are  Horace, 
Cicero's  Orations,  Grasca  Minora  and  Majora, 
Greek  and  Roman  Antiquities,  Geography, 
&c.  The  studies  of  the  mathematical  class 
are  the  Elements  of  Geometry,  Algebra, 
Practical  Geometry,  Chemistry,  Natural  Phi- 


CAN-CAP 


219 


losophy,  Rhetoric  and  History.  The  studies 
of  the  philosophical  class  consist  of  Logic, 
Moral  Philosophy,  Philosophy  of  Rhetoric, 
Metaphysics,  together  with  a  review  of  the 
studies  of  the  preceding  classes.  For  tuition 
each  student  pays  20  dollars  a  year;  and  for 
board  from  $1.50  to  2.00  a  week.  The  com 
mencement  is  held  on  the  fourth  Wednesday 
in  September.  There  are  2  vacations  of  3  or 
4  weeks  each,  one  in  the  spring,  and  the  other 
in  the  autumn.  The  western  country  has 
been  supplied  with  more  than  100  clergymen, 
who  have  received  their  education,  in  whole 
or  in  part,  at  this  college.  There  is  a  theologi 
cal  school  connected  with  the  college,  under 
the  direction  of  the  vice-president. 

CANNONSBURG,  township,  Washington 
co.  Pa. 

CANNONSVILLE,  v.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 
141  in.  SW.  from  Albany. 

CANNOUCHE,  r.  Geo.  rises  about  30  m. 
S.  from  Louisville,  and  joins  the  Ogeechee, 
about  20  m.  above  its  mouth. 

CANOE,  r.  Mass,  which  unites  with  the  r. 
Taunton,  at  Taunton. 

CANOE  CAMP,  t.  Tioga  co.  Pa.  240  m. 
from  W. 

CANOE  RIVER,  r.  N.  A.  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  Ion.  92°  3'  W. ;  lat.  42°  55'  N. 

CANOGA  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  joins 
the  Seneca,  in  Fayette. 

CANONICUT,  isl.  belonging  to  Newport 
co.  R.  I.  It  contains  the  town  of  Jamestown 
— is  7  miles  long,  and  1  broad ;  3  m.  W.  from 
Rhode  Island.  On  S.  end,  called  Beaver's 
Tail,  there  is  a  light-house.  It  is  a  beautiful 
island,  and  has  a  fertile  soil,  producing  good 
crops  of  grass  and  grain. 

CANSO,  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  a  strait 
which  separates  Nova  Scotia  from  Cape  Bre 
ton.  Near  this  town  is  a  fine  fishery  for  cod, 
Ion.  55°  W.;  lat.  45°  20'  N. 

CANTERBURY,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  II. 
on  E.  side  of  the  Merrimack,  opposite  Bosca- 
wen ;  9  m.  N.  from  Concord,  and  513  from 
W.  Pop.  1,663.  Here  is  a  village  of  Shakers, 
containing  2  or  300  souls. 

CANTERBURY,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Quinebaugh ;  10  m.  E.  from 
Windham;  14  N.  from  Norwich,  and  371 
from  W.  Pop.  1,881.  It  is  a  pleasant  town, 
and  contains  3  Congregational  meeting-houses, 
and  1  for  Baptists,  and  an  academy. 

CANTERBURY,  t.  Kent  co.  Del.  126  m. 
from  W. 

CANTERBURY,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Hudson  r. 

CANTON,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  14  m.  SW. 
from  Boston,  and  448  from  W.  Pop.  1,517. 

CANTON,  or  West  Simsbury,  t.  Hartford 
co.  Ct.  15  m.  WNW.  from  Hartford,  and  351 
from  W. 

CANTON,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  15  m. 
E.  from  Ogdensburg,  200  NW.  from  Albany, 
and  570  from  W.  Pop.  2,440. 

CANTON,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa, 

CANTON,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 

CANTON,  t.  and  cap.  Stark  co.  Ohio,  situ 
ated  in  the  forks  of  the  Nimishillen  creek ;  45 


m.  NW.  irom  SteubenvmV,  95  WNW.  from 
Pittsburg,  130  NE.  from  Columbus,  and  472 
from  W.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  con- 
tains  a  bank,  a  printing-office,  2  houses  of 
public  worship,  1  for  Lutherans,  and  1  for 
Presbyterians,  and  70  dwelling-houses.  The 
first  house  was  erected  in  1805. 

CANTON,  land  district  of  Ohio,  includes 
part  of  Stark,  and  all  of  Wayne  and  Richland 
cos.  and  is  composed  of  21  ranges  of  town 
ships,  comprehended  between  the  Grenville 
treaty  line  on  the  S.  and  the  Connecticut 
Western  reserve  on  the  N.  excepting  the  seven 
easternmost  ranges  which  belong  to  the  Steu- 
benville  district.  The  land-office  for  this  dis 
trict  is  at  Worcester,  in  Wayne  co. 

CANTON,  t.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 

CANTON,  t,  Wilcox  co.  Ala.  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Ala.  r.  about  40  m.  by  water  be 
low  Cahaba. 

CANTON,  v.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Ohio,  opposite  Wheeling,  Va. 

CANTON,  (New,)  t.  Hawkins  co.  Ten.  749 
m.  from  W. 

CANTON,  (New,}  t.  Buckingham  co.  Va. 
on  S.  side  of  James  r.  about  60  m.  SW.  from 
Richmond,  and  166  from  W. 

CANTON,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  67  m.  NNW. 
from  Portland. 

CANTON,  township,  Hartford  co.  Ct.  Pop. 
1,437. 

CANTWELL'S  BRIDGE,  or  Apoquini- 
mink,  v.  New  Castle  co.  Del.  on  Apoquinimirik 
creek;  21  m.  SSW.  from  Wilmington,  49 
SW.  from  Philadelphia.  It  contains  about  30 
or  40  houses. 

CANY  CREEK,  r.  Ala.  which  flows  into 
the  Ten.  20  m.  below  the  Muscle  Shoals. 

CANY  FORK,  r.  Ten.  which  runs  into 
the  Cumberknd,  50  m.  E.  from  Nashville. 

CAPATINA,  creek,  and  t.  Belmont  co, 
Ohio,  12  m.  below  Wheeling. 

CAPE,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  Pop.  in 
1820,  52. 

CAPE  ANN,  on  the  coast  of  Mass.  Lon. 
70°  37'  W. ;  lat.  423  35'  N. 

CAPE  BRETON,  an  island  forming  part 
of  the  British  dominions  in  America,  lying 
between  the  N.  end  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  the 
SW.  point  of  Newfoundland.  It  extends,  in  a 
N.  by  E.  direction,  from  the  lat.  of  45°  30'  to 
47°  6'  N.  and  from  the  Ion.  of  59°  45'  to  61° 
35'  W.  forming  a  barrier  between  the  Atlantic 
ocean  and  the  gulf,  which  it  completely  land- 
locks,  and  forms  into  a  vast  inland  sea;  the 
passage  between  the  NE.  end  and  Newfound 
land  being  about  65  m.  wide,  intercepted, 
however,  by  the  island  of  St.  Paul,  and  just 
within  the  gulf  by  the  Magdalen  group  of 
isles.  Cape  Breton  is  indented  from  N.  to  S. 
by  spacious  bays,  dividing  it  into  two  islands, 
joined  together  by  a  very  narrow  isthmus. 
The  coast  on  all  sides  is  also  much  indented 
by  bays,  making  the  figure  of  the  land  very 
irregular.  Its  area,  however,  amounts  to  about 
40,000  sq.  ms.  The  French  first  formed  a  set 
tlement  upon  this  island,  in  1712,  which  sur 
rendered  to  a  British  force  from  New  England, 
in  1745,  and  was  confirmed,  with  all  the  other 


220 


CAP^-CAP 


French  possessions  in  North  America,  to  Eng 
land,  by  the  treaty  of  1763.  Its  most  distin 
guishing  property  is  its  rich  strata  of  coal  of 
superior  quality ;  with  some  dreary  surface 
it  also  presents  some  very  fertile  spots,  well 
wooded,  and  containing  a  variety  of  wild  ani 
mals,  the  skins  of  which  form  a  branch  of 
its  traffic.  Louisbourg,  the  chief  town,  is 
situated  or.  the  Atlantic  coast,  in  the  lat.  of 
45°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  59°  55'  W.  The  chief  occu 
pation  of  the  people,  not  only  of  Louisbourg, 
but  of  the  whole  island,  in  addition  to  agricul 
ture,  is  the  cod  fishery,  which  they  pursue  to 
some  extent  for  the  West  India  and  other 
markets.  Total  population  of  the  island,  about 
4,000.  It  was  constituted  a  separate  govern 
ment  in  1784,  under  a  lieutenant-governor,  ap 
pointed  by  the  king ;  but  by  a  stretch  of  au 
thority  on  the  part  of  the  legislative  assembly 
and  council  of  Nova  Scotia,  it  has  reverted  as 
a  province  to  that  government,  to  which  it  was 
originally  attached. 

CAPE  CHARLES,  cape  of  Virginia,  at  E. 
side  of  the  mouth  of  the  Chesapeake ;  12  m. 
N.  from  Cape  Henry.  Lon.  75°  58'  W.;  lat. 
37°  12'  N. 

CAPE  COD,  peninsula,  on  the  S.  side  of 
Massachusetts  bay.  Its  shape  is  that  of  a 
man's  arm  bent  inwards,  both  at  the  wrist  and 
the  elbow.  It  is  about  65  m.  long,  and  from  1 
to  20  wide.  A  great  part  of  this  peninsula  is 
sandy  and  barren,  and  in  many  places  wholly 
destitute  of  vegetation;  yet  it  is  populous. 
The  inhabitants  obtain  their  support  almost 
entirely  from  the  ocean ;  the  men  being  con 
stantly  employed  at  sea;  and  the  boys,  at  a 
very  early  age,  are  put  on  board  the  fishing- 
boats.  In  consequence  of  the  violent  east 
winds,  it  is  supposed  that  the  cape  is  gradually 
wearing  away.  Lon.  of  the  cape,  70^  14'  W. : 
lat.  42°  4'  N. 

CAPE  COD  BAY,  between  Cape  Cod  pen 
insula,  and  Barnstable  and  Plymouth  cos. 
Mass. 

CAPE  DISAPPOINTMENT,  on  W.  coast 
of  N.  America,  and  N.  entrance  into  Columbia 
river.  Lon.  124°  59'  W. ;  lat.  46°  19'  N. 

CAPE  ELIZABETH,  t.  Cumberland  co 
Me.  4  m.  SW.  from  Portland,  and  116  NNE. 
from  Boston. 

CAPE  ELIZABETH,  N.  A.  on  the  coast 
of  Me.  Lon.  70°  11'  W. ;  lat.  43°  33'  N, 

CAPE  FEAR,  on  the  coast  of  N.  C.  Lon 
78°  9'  W. ;  lat.  33°  48'  N. 

CAPE  FEAR,  or  Clarendon,  r.  N.  C.  the 
largest  in  the  state.  It  is  formed  by  the  con 
fluence  of  the  NE.  and  NW.  branches,  which 
unite  above  Wilmington,  35  m.  from  the 
ocean.  The  NW.  branch  rises  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  state,  and  is  navigable  for  large  boats 
to  Fayetteville.  The  NE.  branch  rises  in 
Sampson  co.  and  is  navigable  for  boats  70  m. 

CAPE  GIRARDEAU,  co.  Missouri,  on  the 
Mississippi,  bounded  N.  by  St.  Genevieve  anc 
Washington  cos.  and  W.  by  the  county  of  St 
Louis.  Pop.  7,430.  Jackson  is  the  seat  of 
justice.  The  lands  on  the  Mississippi  and  the 
St.  Francis  are  fertile.  The  Great  Swamp 
eommences  5  m.  S.  of  the  town  of  Cape  Gi 


rardeau,  and  extends  60  m.  being  from  3  tq  5 
)road,  to  the  low-lands  of  the  St.  Francis. 

CAPE  GIRARDEAU,  t.  Cape  Girardeau 
co.  Missouri  territory,  on  the  Mississippi ;  20 
T).  above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  72  below  St. 
Genevieve,  and  927  from  W.  Lat.  37°  15'  N. 
Pop.  100. 

CAPE  HARBOR,  N.  A.  on  the  coast  of 
Me.  at  N.  extremity  of  Wells'  bay.  Lon.  70° 
24' W.;  lat.  43°  18' N. 

CAPE  HATTER  AS,  on  the  coast  of  North 
Carolina.  Lon.  75°  30'  W. ;  lat.  35°  14'  N. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  and  dan- 
"•erous  capes  on  the  coast  of  N.  America. 

CAPE  HENLOPEN,  or  James,  cape,  on 
the  coast  of  Delaware,  at  the  mouth  of  Dela 
ware  bay,  18  m.  SW.  from  Cape  May.  Lon. 
75°  6'  W. ;  lat.  36°  47'  N.  Here  is  a  light 
house. 

CAPE  HENRY,  on  E.  coast  of  Virginia,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Chesapeake,  12  m.  S.  from 
Cape  Charles.  Lon.  76°  21'  W. ;  lat.  36°  58'  N. 

CAPE  HENRY,  formerly  Cape  Francois,  t, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  Hispaniola,  on  a 
promontory  at  the  edge  of  a  large  plain  60  m. 
long  and  12  broad.  Its  harbor  is  one  of  the 
most  secure  and  convenient  in  the  whole  island. 
It  was  the  last  town  retained  by  the  French  in 
Hispaniola,  and  was  surrendered  to  the  blacks 
in  1803.  It  then  contained  900  houses  and 
20,000  inhabitants.  30  leagues  E.  from  Cape 
St.  Nicholas.  Lon.  72°  16'  W. ;  lat.  19°  46'  N. 

CAPE  HOPE,  the  NW.  point  of  Martha's 
Vineyard,  Mass,  on  which  is  a  light-house. 

CAPE  LODO,  or  Mad  Cape,  on  S.  coast  of 
Louisiana,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi. 
Lon.  71°  42'  W. ;  lat.  29°  10'  N. 

CAPE  LOOKOUT,  on  the  coast  of  N.  Car 
olina.  Lon.  76°  37'  W. ;  lat.  34°  22'  N.  So 
late  as  the  year  1771,  this  cape  afforded  an  ex 
cellent  harbor,  capacious  enough  for  a  large 
fleet  in  good  deep  water ;  but  the  basin  is  now 
filled  up. 

CAPE  MAY,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  N.  by  Glou 
cester  co.  SE.  by  the  Atlantic,  SW.  by  Dela 
ware  bay.  Pop.  4,945. 

CAPE  MAY,  on  the  coast  of  N.  J.  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Delaware,  18  m.  NE.  from  Cape 
Henlopen.  Lon.  74°  52'  W. ;  lat.  38°  57'  N. 

CAPE  MAY  COURT-HOUSE,  v.  and  seat 
of  justice  in  Cape  May  co.  N.  J.  a  few  m.  N. 
from  Cape  May,  34  SE.  from  Bridgetown,  and 
74  from  Philadelphia,  in  the  lat  of  39°  N.  and 
75°  W. 

CAPE  NEDDICK,  cape  and  t.  York  co. 
Me.  53  m.  SW.  from  Portland. 

CAPE  PEM  AQUID,  on  the  coast  of  Maine. 
Lon.  69°  27'  W. ;  lat.  43°  48'  N. 

CAPE  PORPOISE,  on  the  coast  of  Maine. 
Lon.  70°  23'  W. ;  lat.  49°  21'  N. 

CAPE  ROSIERS,  Me.  in  Penobscot  bay. 

CAPE  ST.  MICHAEL,  Seigniory  of  L.C. 
in  Surrey  co.  nearly  opposite  Quebec. 

CAPE  SMALL  POINT,  on  the  coast  of 
Maine,  forming  the  E.  limits  of  Casco  bay. 

CAPE  VINCENT,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 
498  m.  from  W. 

CAPHON  SPRINGS,  medicinal  springs,  in 
Va.  22  m.  WSW.  from  Winchester.  The  wa- 


CAP— CAR 


221 


era  are  impregnated  with  magnesia,  sulphur, 
soda,  carbonic  acid,  and  are  much  visited. 

CAPOLICA,  small  r.  of  Mexico,  in  the  in- 
tendency  of  Oaxaca,  flows  into  the  Gulf  of 
Tehuantepec.  Lon.  from  W.  19°  W. ;  lat.  16°  N. 

CAPTAIN  JOHN'S  MILLS,  v.  Montgom 
ery  co.  Md. 

CAPTINA  CREEK,  Ohio,  runs  into  the 
Ohio  r.  23  m.  below  Wheeling. 

CAPTINA  CREEK,  v.  Belmont  co.  Ohio. 

CARAVELLE,  cape  of  the  island  of  Mar- 
tmique,  on  the  NE.  coast.  Lon.  from.  W.  16° 
4'  E. ;  lat.  14°  55'  N. 

CARIACO,  isl.  in  the  West  Indies,  depend- 
ent  on  Grenada. 

CARIBBEAN  SEA,  that  part  of  the  Atlan 
tic  Ocean  lying  between  Cuba,  St.  Domingo, 
and  Porto  Rico  on  the  N.  and  the  republic  of 
Columbia  S.  See  America. 

CARIBBEE  ISLANDS,  the  most  eastern 
islands  of  the  W.  Indies,  divided  into  Wind 
ward  and  Leeward  islands. 

CARIBEUF,  island  in  lake  Superior,  about 
200  m.  NW.  from  the  falls  of  St.  Mary. 

CARIBOU,  r. Canada,  runs  into  theSaguena. 
Lat.  49°  29'  N. 

CARINACOU,  one  of  the  Grenadilla  islands 
in  the  W.  Indies,  with  an  excellent  harbor,  16 
m.  NE.  from  Grenada. 

CARLIN  SETTLEMENT,  see  FranUin. 

CARLISLE,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  20  m. 
NW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  566. 

CARLISLE,  t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  W. 
from  Schoharie,  40  W.  from  Albany,  384  from 
W.  Pop.  1,748. 

CARLISLE,  bor.  and  cap.  Cumberland  co. 
Pa.  15  m.  W.  from  Harrisburg,  120  W.  from 
Philadelphia,  101  from  W,  Lon.  77°  10'  W. ; 
lat.  40°  12'  N.  It  is  pleasantly  situated,  reg 
ularly  laid  out,  built  chiefly  of  stone  and  brick, 
and  has  considerable  trade.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  a  market-house,  2  banks, 
and  7  houses  of  public  worship.  Dickinson 
College  was  founded  in  this  town  in  1783,  but 
at  present  it  is  not  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

CARLISLE,  v.  Nicholas  co.  Ken. 

CARLISLE,  v.  Bourbon  co.  Ken. 

CARLISLE  BAY,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ja 
maica,  W.  coast  of  Barbadoes,  and  island  of 
Antigua. 

CARLO  DE  MONTEREY,  San,  the  prin 
cipal  settlement  of  New  California,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  N.  America,  in  the  lat.  of  36°  36'  N. 
and  121°  34'  of  W.  Ion.  It  is  beautifully  sit 
uated  within  a  small  bay  of  the  same  name, 
first  discovered  by  Cabrillo  in  1542.  It  was 
afterwards  visited  by  the  count  de  Monterey, 
from  whom  it  received  its  present  name.  The 
forests  and  mountains  preclude  much  inter 
course  with  the  interior;  nor  does  it  appear 
that  there  is  any  considerable  river,  either  N 
or  S.  for  some  distance ;  otherwise  it  would  be 
an  inviting  spot  for  colonization. 

CARLOW,  v.  Hopkins  co.  Ken.  about  200 
m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Frankfort. 

CARLYLE,  v.  Washington  co.  II.  on  the 
left  bank  of  Kaskaskia  river,  27  m.  SE.  from 
Vandalia. 

CARMEL,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  35  m. 


NW.  from  Castine,  240  NE,  from  Boston,  670 
from  W. 

CARMEL,  t  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  26  m.  SE, 
from  Poughkeepsie,  314  from  W.  Pop.  2,379. 

CARMEL,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  15  m.  W. 
from  Bangor.  Pop.  237. 

CARMEL,  t.  Geo.  in  the  Cherokee  Nation. 

CARMI,  t.  and  cap.  White  co.  Illinois,  on 
the  Little  Wabash,  20  m.  above  its  mouth,  40 
N.  from  Shawneetown,  831  from  W.  It  is  a 
flourishing  town,  situated  in  a  very  fertile 
country.  The  Little  Wabash  is  navigable  for 
some  distance  above  the  town. 

CARMICHAELS,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa. 

CARNARVON,  t.  SE.  part  of  Berks  co.  Pa. 

CARNARVON,  t.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Lan 
caster  co.  Pa. 

CARNESVILLE,  or  Franklin,  t.  and  cap. 
Franklin  co.  Geo.  on  the  Salwegee;  125  m. 
NW.  from  Augusta,  604  from  W. 

CAROLINA,  North,  see  page  100. 

CAROLINA,  South,  see  page  104. 

CAROLINE,  t.  in  the  NE.  angle  of  Tioga 
co.  N.  Y. 

CAROLINE,  co.  E.  side  of  Md.  bounded 
NW.  by  Queen  Anne  co.  E.  by  Delaware,  S. 
by  Dorchester  co.  and  W.  by  Talbot  co.  Pop. 
9,070.  Chief  town,  Denton. 

CAROLINE,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  199m. 
W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,633. 

CAROLINE,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  the 
Rappahannoc  r.  ESE.  by  Essex,  King  and 
Queen,  and  King  William  cos.  SW.  by  Han 
over  co.  and  NW  by  Spottsylvania  co.  Pop. 
17,774.  Chief  towns,  Port  Royal  and  Bow 
ling  Green. 

CARONDELET,  or  Vide  Poche,  French 
village,  Missouri,  on  the  bank  of  the  Missis 
sippi,  5  m.  below  St.  Louis.  It  is  a  French 
settlement  of  about  50  houses. 

CARONDELET,  Canal  of,  at  New  Orleans, 
extends  from  the  bayou  St.  John,  2  m.  to  a 
basin  in  the  rear  of  the  city.  Vessels  drawing 
5  feet  water  enter  the  basin.  By  this  channel, 
water  communication  is  open  from  N.  Orleans 
into  lake  Ponchartrain. 

CARPENTER'S  POINT,  v.  Orange  co. 
N.  Y.  269  m.  from  W. 

CARRION  CROW,  creek,  of  La.  forming 
part  of  the  limit  between  Opelousas  and  At- 
tacapas. 

CARROLL,  a  co.  at  the  W.  extremity  of 
Tennessee,  bordering  on  Wood  Lake,  contigu 
ous  to  the  Mississippi  r.  Pop.  9,378.  Hunt 
ingdon  is  the  chief  town. 

CARROLLSVILLE,  v.  Wayne  co.  Ten.  96 
m.  SW.  from  Murfreesborough. 

CARROLVILLE,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ala. 

CARROLTON,  v.  Greene  co.  Illinois. 

CARRON  ISLAND,  small  island  near  the 
coast  of  N.  C.  in  Albemarle  Sound.  Lon.  76° 
10' W.;  lat.  35°  46' N. 

CARR'S  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  N.  H.  in  Ells 
worth  and  Warren. 

CARRYING,  or  Portage  River,  Ohio,  runs 
into  the  SW.  end  of  lake  Erie,  15  m.  from 
Sandusky. 

CARSONVILLE,  v.  Ashe  co.  N.  C.  195  m. 
NW.  from  Raleigh. 


222 


CAR-GAS 


CARTER,  co.  East  Tennessee.  Fop.  6,418. 
Chief  town,  Elizabethtown. 

CARTERET,  co.  N.  C.  on  Core  Sound. 
Pop.  6,607.  Chief  town,  Beaufort. 

CARTER'S,  c.  Stokes  co.  N.  C.  355  m.  SW. 
from  W. 

CARTER'S,  t.  Scott  co.  Indiana,  80  m.  S. 
from  Indianapolis. 

CARTER'S  BA  Y,  on  NW.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  52°  58'  N. 

CARTER'S  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  34°  42'  N. 

CARTER'S  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Albemarle 
co.  adjoining  Monticello,  a  little  to  the  SW.  2 
m.  S.  from  Charlottesville.  It  is  about  800 
feet  above  the  Rivanna. 

CARTER'S  STORE,  v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

CARTERSVILLE,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Va. 
on  the  S.  side  of  James  River,  42  m.  W.  by  S. 
from  Richmond,  171  from  W.  Here  is  a  to 
bacco  ware-house. 

CARTHAGE,  v.  in  Brighton,  Ontario  co. 
N.  Y.  at  the  lower  falls  of  the  Genesee,  5  m. 
from  lake  Ontario,  and  about  30  NW.  from 
Canandaigua.  Carthage  bridge,  erected  across 
the  Genesee,  lately  fell.  It  consisted  of  a  sin 
gle  arch  of  352  feet  chord,  resting  on  abut 
ments  of  solid  rock,  which  rise  to  the  height 
of  150  feet. 

CARTHAGE,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 

CARTHAGE,  t.  and  cap.  Moore  co.  N.  C. 
40  m.  NW.  from  Fayetteville,  381  from  W. 

CARTHAGE,  t.  and  cap.  Smith  co.  Ten.  on 
the  Cumberland  r.  50  m.  E.  from  Nashville, 
140  W.  from  Knoxville,  691  from  W.  It  con 
tains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  a  print 
ing-office,  a  Baptist  and  a  Methodist  meeting- 


CARTHAGE,  v.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  6  m. 
N.  from  Cincinnati. 

CARTHAGE,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio. 

CARTHAGE,  v.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  below 
the  falls  of  Genesee  r.  2  m.  N.  from  Rochester. 

CARTHAGE,  v.  Tuscaloosa  co.  Ala.  50  m. 
NW.  from  Cahaba. 

CARVER,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  8  m.  W. 
from  Plymouth,  38  S.  from  Boston,  447  from  W. 
Pop.  976.  Here  is  a  pond  which  contains  val 
uable  iron  ore,  and  the  town  has  3  furnaces. 

CARVER'S  RIVER,  Missouri,  which  runs 
into  the  St.  Peters  on  the  N.  side  about  40  m. 
above  the  junction  of  the  latter  with  the  Mis 
sissippi. 

CASADA,  lake,  Chatauquc  co.  N.  Y.  7  m. 
from  Dunkirk,  on  lake  Erie.  Casada  creek, 
the  outlet  of  this  lake,  communicates  with  that 
branch  of  the  Conewango  which  flows  from 
Chatauque  lake. 

CASAGIANDE,  t.  of  New  Mexico,  in  the 
N.  part  of  New  Navarre.  Here  is  an  immense 
edifice,  supposed  to  have  been  built  by  the  an 
cient  Mexicans  for  a  fortress ;  it  consists  of  3 
floors,  with  a  terrace  above  them,  and  the  en 
trance  is  at  the  second  floor,  so  that  a  scaling- 
ladder  was  necessary.  Lon.  113°  23'  W. ; 
lat.  33°  40'  N. 

CASCADES,  Isle  de,  in  the  St.  Lawrence, 
at  its  entrance  into  lake  St.  Louis. 


CASCO  BAY,  isl.  N.  Brunswick,  in  Passa. 
maquoddy  bay. 

CASCO  BAY,  in  Maine,  between  Cape  Eli 
zabeth  on  WSW.  and  Cape  Small  Point  on 
ENE.  Within  these  capes,  which  are  about 
20  m.  apart,  there  are  about  300  small  islands, 
most  of  which  are  cultivated,  and  are  much 
more  productive  than  the  main  land  on  the 
coast  of  Maine.  Portland  harbor  is  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  bay. 

CASDAGA,  small  lake,  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 
aboot  8  m.  from  Dunkirk  on  lake  Erie.  It  is 
connected  by  a  river  of  the  same  name,  40  m. 
long,  with  the  Conewango.  The  river  is  navi 
gable  throughout  its  course  for  boats  of  20  tons. 

CASDAGA,  t.  on  the  Casdaga  creek,  about 
60  m.  SSW.  from  Buffalo. 

CASEY,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  4,342.  Chief  town, 
Liberty. 

CASEYVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Casey 
co.  Ken.  Lat.  37°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  32'  W. 

CASH  CLAP  SETTLEMENT,v.  Johnson 
co.  Ten,  907  m.  from  W. 

CASH  RIVER,  Illinois,  which  flows  into 
the  Ohio,  7  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Mis 
sissippi,  15  below  Wilkinsonville. 

CASH  RIVER,  NW.  Territory,  runs  into 
lake  Superior,  3  m.  E.  from  Dead  river.  It  is 
30  yards  wide  at  its  mouth. 

CASHIE,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into  the  Roan- 
oke.  Lon.  77°  3'  W. ;  lat.  35°  57'  N. 

CASHVILLE,  v.  Spartanburg  district,  S.  C. 
Ill  m.  N.  from  Columbia. 

CASPIAN,  or  Beautiful,  a  small  lake  in 
Greensborough,  Vt.  It  is  a  head  water  of  the 
Lamoile. 

CASSA  GRANDE,  ruins  of  Mexico,  in  So- 
nora,  on  the  Rio  Gila.  These  very  extensive 
and  curious  remains  are  evidently  of  Aztec 
construction,  though  separated  above  1000  m. 
from  the  other  existing  monuments  of  that 
anciently  civilized  people.  The  ruins,  which 
are  known  by  pre-eminence  as  la  Casa  Grande, 
are  situated  on  a  plain  near  the  bank  of  the 
Gila.  Lon.  from  W.  36°  25'  W.;  lat.  33°  40'  N. 

CASSEDY'S  CREEK,  v.  Nicholas  co.  Ken. 
538  m.  from  W. 

CASSELL'S  STORE,  v.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

CASSINA,  or  Red  Cedar  Lake,  N.  America, 
one  of  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi  r.  It  is 
about  8  m.  long  and  6  broad,  and  discharges 
itself  by  a  winding  stream  50  m.  long  into 
lake  Winnipec.  The  waters  of  the  Cassina 
are  pure  and  transparent,  and  are  supplied 
with  pike,  carp,  trout  and  catfish.  It  has  an 
island  covered  with  red  cedar  trees.  Its  shores 
are  lined  with  the  elm,  maple,  and  pine,  inter 
spersed  with  fields  of  Indian  rice,  reeds,  and 
rushes,  and  here  and  there  a  gravelly  beach. 
On  the  NW.  side  it  receives  two  streams,  the 
Turtle  and  La  Beesh. 

CASTAH ANA  INDIANS,  Louisiana,  at  the 
sources  of  the  Platte.  No.  1,500. 

CASTILE,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 

CASTINE,  r.  Me.  which  runs  into  Penob- 
scot  bay.  It  is  14  m.  long,  and  navigable  6  m. 

CASTINE,  s-p.  and  cap.  Hancock  co.  Me. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot  bay,  122  m.  ENE. 


CAS— CAT 


from  Portland,  250  NE.  from  Boston,  693  from 
W.  Lon.  68°  46'  W. ;  lat.  44°  24'  N.  Pop. 
1,155.  This  is  a  pleasant  and  flourishing  town, 
finely  situated,  has  a  commodious  and  excellent 
harbor,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and 
a  bank,  and  has  considerable  trade. 

CASTLEMANS,  the  eastern  constituent 
branch  of  the  Youghiogeny  river,  rises  in 
Alleghany  co.  Md.  between  Meadow  and  Ne 
gro  mountains.  It  first  flows  NE.  about  12 
in.  into  Somerset  co.  Pa.  Through  the  latter 
co.  this  stream  curves  30  m.  and  falls  into  the 
Youghiogeny,  11  m.  N.  from  the  Md.  line,  and 
opposite  the  eastern  foot  of  Sugar  Loaf  moun 
tain.  The  fall  in  this  stream  is  considerable, 
where  it  is  passed  by  the  U.  S.  road. 

CASTLETON,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  65  m.  N. 
from  Bennington,  65  SSW.  from  Montpelier, 
and  434  from  W.  Pop.  1,783.  Here  is  an 
academy.  Bombazine  lake  is  chiefly  in  this 
town. 

CASTLETON,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  357 
m.  from  W. 

CASTLETOWN,  t.  Richmond  co.  N.  Y. 
on  N.  end  of  Staten  Island ;  9  m.  SW.  from 
New  York.  Pop.  2,204.  The  Marine  Hospi 
tal,  which  may  accommodate  2  or  300  sick, 
and  the  Quarantine  and  Health  establishments 
of  the  city  of  N.  Y.  are  in  this  town. 

CASTOR,  t.  Madison  co.  Miso. 

CASTOR'S  RIVER,  Newfoundland,  falls 
into  St  John's  harbor. 

CASWELL,  co.  N.  part  of  N.  C.  307  m. 
from  W.  Pop.  15,499.  Chief  town,  Pittsbo- 
rough.  k 

CATACO,  co.  Alabama. 

CATAHANOSA,  parish,  La.  E.  of  the 
Miss.  48  m.  above  New  Orleans. 

CATAHOOLA,  parish  of  La.  bounded  by 
Concordia  E.  and  SE.  Rapidcs  S.  and  SW. 
and  by  Ouachitta  NW.  and  N. ;  length  80  m. 
mean  width  25 ;  area  2,000  sq.  ms.  Surface 
hilly  in  the  SW.  part,  and  level  in  the  NE.  It 
is  nearly  intersected  into  two  equal  sections 
by  Ouachitta  river.  The  soil  is  in  general 
extremely  sterile,  and  covered  with  pine  tim 
ber.  Some  very  productive  tracts  lie  along 
the  streams,  upon  the  small  prairies,  and  on 
Sicily  island.  Staples,  cotton,  live  stock,  and 
lumber.  No  town  of  any  consequence. 

CATAHOOLA,  r.  of  La.  rises  in  the  par 
ishes  of  Natchitoches  and  Ouachitta,  and 
flowing  SE.  enters  the  parish  of  the  same 
name,  expands  into  a  lake  30  m.  in  length,  by 
from  3  to  6  m.  wide,  turns  E.  contracts  again 
to  a  river  of  about  70  yards  wide,  flows  10  m. 
and  joins  the  Ouachitta  and  forms  Black  river, 
after  an  entire  comparative  course  of  120  m. 
The  country  drained  by  the  Catahoola  is  gen 


erally  sterile  pine  woods. 
CATAHOOI 


)LA,  lake  of  La.  This  lake  is 
remarkable.  It  is  a  natural  reservoir,  filled 
and  emptied  by  turns.  When  the  Mississippi 
river  is  rising,  it  throws  a  volume  over  the 
intermediate  space  into  the  Ouachitta,  which 
thus  swelled,  forces  the  current  to  repulse  into 
the  Catahoola  lake,  which  then  becomes  filled ; 
but  as  the  Mississippi  depresses,  the  water 
drains  from  the  lake,  and  in  autumn,  its  bot 


tom  becomes  one  great  meadow  of  succulent 
herbage,  with  the  river  winding  its  devious 
way  through  its  wide-spread  plain. 

CATAHOOLA,  t.  Rapid  co,  La. 

CATAHUNK,one  of  the  Elizabeth  islands, 
Mass. 

CATAKA  INDIANS,  N.  A.  at  the  head 
of  Tongue  r.  La.  No.  300. 

CATALINA,  harbor,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Newfoundland,  S.  from  Cape  Bonavista.  Lon. 
24°  50'  E. ;  lat.  48°  40'  N. 

CATARACT  RIVER,  N.  A.  falls  into  the 
Columbia,  about  200  rn.  from  its  mouth. 

CATARAUGUS,  co.  SW.  part  of  N.  Y. 
bounded  N.  by  Niagara  and  Genesec  cos.  E. 
by  Alleghany  co.  S.  by  Pa.  and  W.  by  Cha- 
tauque  co.  Pop.  16,726.  Ellicottville  is  the 
chief  town. 

CATARAUGUS,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 
469  m.  from  W. 

CATARAUGUS,  r.  N.  Y.  which  after  a 
W.  course  of  40  m.  falls  into  Lake  Erie,  25  m. 
S.  from  Buffalo. 

CATARAUGUS  RESERVATION,  lies  on 
the  NE.  side  of  the  above  r.  and  commencing 
4  m.  from  its  mouth,  it  extends  10  m.  along 
the  r.  and  is  4  wide,  containing  about  37,000 
acres.  The  number  of  Indians  is  about  700, 
among  whom  a  mission  is  established  by  the 
United  Foreign  Mission  Society. 

CATAWBA,  r.  which  rises  in  NW.  part 
of  N.  C.  and  passes  into  S.  C.  where  it  takes 
the  name  of  Wateree.  It  unites  with  the 
Congaree  about  30  m.  SE.  from  Columbia,  to 
form  the  Santee. 

CATAWESSY,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 
on  S.  side  of  the  Susquehannah,  at  the  en 
trance  of  a  small  r.  of  the  same  name,  26  m. 
ENE.  from  Sunbury,  and  144  WNW.  from 
Philadelphia. 

CATAWISSA,  t.  Columbia  co.  Pa.  on  the 
E.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  20  m.  NE. 
from  Sunbury.  Pop.  2,520. 

CATETANT  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which 
joins  the  Oswego ;  23  m.  long. 

CATFISH  FALLS,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 
192  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

CATHARINE,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  18  m. 
W.  from  Spencer. 

CATHARINESTOWN,  t.  Tioga  co.  N. 
Y.  165  m.  NW.  from  New  York,  and  200 
WSW.  from  Albany. 

CATHANTS,  r.  Me.  which  runs  S.  into 
Merrymeeting  bay,  at  Bowdoinham. 

CATHERINE'S,  St.  island  on  the  coast  of 
Geo.  in  lat.  31°  30'  N.;  Ion.  81°  W. 

CATILE,  v.  Rapide  co.  La. 

CAT  ISLAND,  on  the  coast  of  La.  and 
Miss,  about  6  m.  long  by  one  quarter  of  a 
mile  mean  width ;  lying  between  the  passes 
of  Marianne  and  SE.  It  was  on  the  outside 
of  this  island  that  the  British  fleet  lay  during 
the  invasion  of  La.  1814  and  1815;  53  m. 
NE.  by  E.  from  New  Orleans. 

CAT  ISLAND,  the  name  at  present  given 
to  Guanahani,  or  St.  Salvador,  one  of  the  Ba 
hamas,  and  the  spot  where  the  first  discovery 
of  America  was  made.  Columbus  discovered 
this  island  on  the  12th  of  October,  1492,  land- 


224: 


CAT— CAT 


ed  upon  it,  and  took  formal  possession  in  the 
name  of  the  king  and  queen  of  Spain.     The 
island  is  about  60  m.  long-  and  12  wide,  but  is 
not  a  place  of  any  commercial  or  political  im 
portance.    It  is  in  lat.  24°  30'  N. ;  Ion  75°  W. 
CATISTOBOLE,  r.  W.  Florida,  runs  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico.     Lon.  85°  16'  W. 
CATLETTSBURG,  v.  Greenup  co.  Ken. 
CATLIN,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 
CATO,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  S.  side  of 
lake  Ontario,  24  m.  N.  from  Auburn.    Pop. 
1,781. 

CATOCHE,  Cape,  NE.  promontory  of  Yu 
catan,  in  N.  America,  where  the  English  ad 
venturers  from  Jamaica  first  attempted  to  cut 
logwood.  Lon.  8°  50'  W. ;  lat.  22°  8'  N.  See 
Honduras. 

CATS  CREEK  MILLS,  v.  Washington  co. 
Ohio ;  327  m.  from  W. 

CATSKILL,  r.  N.  Y.  runs  SE.  and  joins 
the  Hudson  at  Catskill.  Its  mouth  makes  a 
good  harbor  for  sloops. 

CATSKILL,  t.  and  cap.  Greene  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  Hudson,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Catskill. 
The  village  is  built  principally  on  a  single 
street  parallel  to  this  creek,  and  contains  the 
county  buildings,  2  banks,  an  academy  for  fe 
males,  and  3  churches,  viz.  one  for  Presbyte 
rians,  one  for  Baptists,  and  one  for  Episcopa 
lians.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade,  33 
m.  below  Albany,  and  5  below  Hudson.  Pop. 
4,861. 

CATSKILL  MOUNTAINS,  a  branch  of 
the  Shawangunk  ridge,  being  a  detached  por 
tion  of  the  great  Apalachian  chain  of  moun 
tains  ;  forking  off  from  the  ridge  towards  the 
north  near  the  Hudson,  and  afterwards  making 
a  bend  towards  the  west.  The  general  height 
of  these  mountains  is  about  3,000  feet,  anc 
they  abound  with  the  most  beautiful  scenery 
The  quarter  most  visited  by  travellers  is  ai 
the  eastern  extremity  of  the  ridge,  where  on 
a  spot  called  the  Pine  Orchard,  2,274  feet 
above  the  waters  of  the  Hudson,  has  lately 
been  erected  an  elegant  hotel,  called  the  Cats- 
kill  Mountain  House.  Few  places  of  fash 
ionable  resort,  (says  Mr.  John  Marshall,  to 
whom  we  are  indebted  for  this  interesting 
sketch  of  the  place)  present  stronger  attrac 
tions  to  the  tourist  than  this  spot.  A  few  years 
ago  this  delightful  retreat  was  almost  un 
known  and  rarely  visited,  but  by  the  hardy 
hunter  in  pursuit  of  the  deer,  the  bear,  anc 
the  wolf,  who  had  hitherto  maintained  undis 
turbed  possession  of  its  cliffs  and  caverns.  A 
length  the  tale  of  the  extent  and  beauty  of 
the  prospect,  and  the  grandeur  of  the  scenery 
drew  the  attention  of  individuals  of  taste,  anc 
the  glowing  descriptions  they  gave,  effectually 
roused  the  attention  of  the  public.  Each  sue 
cessive  season  the  number  of  visitors  increas 
ed,  till  the  temporary  buildings,  at  first  erect 
ed  for  their  accommodation,  gave  place  to  a 
splendid  hotel,  140  feet  in  length,  and  4  stories 
high.  This  establishment  was  erected  by  the 
Mountain  Association  at  an  expense  of  abou 
$22,000.  It  occupies  the  eastern  verge  of  a 
table  of  rock  some  six  acres  in  extent.  An 
excellent  line  of  singes  is  established  to  thif 


)lace  from  Catskill,  a  distance  of  12  m.  The 
ide  to  the  foot  of  the  mountain  is  not  partic- 
ilarly  interesting — but  as  you  ascend,  every 
moment  develops  something  magnificent  and 
new.  The  sides  of  the  mountain,  steep  and 
seemingly  inaccessible,  tower  far  above  you, 
clothed  in  the  rich,  deep  foliage  peculiar  to 
such  regions ;  while  below  your  path  a  clear 
stream  runs,  one  moment  bubbling  over  its 
rocky  bed,  and  the  next  leaping  down  in  cas 
cades  to  the  valley.  The  road  is  extremely 
circuitous,  and  so  completely  hemmed  in  by 
the  luxuriant  growth  of  forest  trees,  that  the 
traveller  is  for  a  long  time  unable  to  judge  of 
liis  progress  in  the  ascent  by  any  view  of  the 
country  he  has  left.  At  an  abrupt  angle  of 
the  road,  however,  he  obtains  at  once  a  full 
view  of  the  Mountain  House — perched  like 
the  eyrie  of  an  eagle  among  the  clouds — or 
rather  like  the  enchanted  castle  in  a  fairy 
tale;  seemingly  inaccessible  to  mortal  foot, 
still  it  reminds  him  of  such  terrestrial  com 
forts  as  are  sure  to  be  acceptable  after  exer 
cise  in  the  pure  air  of  the  mountains.  An 
other  turn,  and  it  again  disappears,  and  the 
traveller  next  finds  himself  on  the  level  rock 
of  the  Pine  Orchard,  and  approaching  the 
hotel  from  the  rear.  A  moment  more,  and  he 
is  on  the  edge  of  the  precipice  in  front  of  the 
noble  building.  From  this  lofty  eminence  all 
inequalities  of  surface  are  overlooked.  A 
seemingly  endless  succession  of  woods  and 
waters — farms  and  villages,  towns  and  cities, 
are  spread  out  as  upon  a  boundless  map.  Far 
beyond  rise  the  Tagkannuc  mountains,  and 
the  highlands  of  Connecticut  and  Massachu 
setts.  To  the  left,  and  at  a  still  greater  dis 
tance,  the  Green  mountains  of  Vermont  stretch 
away  to  the  north,  and  their  blue  summits  and 
the  blue  sky  mingle  together.  The  beautiful 
Hudson,  studded  with  islands,  appears  nar 
rowed  in  the  distance,  with  steam-boats  almost 
constantly  in  sight ;  while  vessels  of  every  de 
scription,  spreading  their  white  canvas  to 
the  breeze,  are  moving  rapidly  over  its  surface, 
or  idly  loitering  in  the  calm.  These  may  be 
traced  to  the  distance  of  nearly  seventy  miles 
with  the  naked  eye ;  and  again  at  times  all 
below  is  enveloped  in  dark  cloud  and  rolling 
mist,  which,  driven  about  by  the  wind,  is  con 
tinually  assuming  new,  wild,  and  fantastic 
forms.  From  the  Pine  Orchard  a  ride  or  walk 
of  a  mile  or  two  brings  you  to  the  Kauterskill 
falls.  Here  the  outlet  of  two  small  lakes, 
leaps  down  a  perpendicular  fall  of  180  feet — 
then  glides  away  through  a  channel  worn  in 
the  rock,  to  a  second  fall  of  80  feet.  Below 
this  it  is  lost  in  the  dark  ravine  through  which 
it  finds  its  way  to  the  valley  of  the  Catskill. 
The  waterfall,  bold  as  it  is,  forms  however  but 
one  of  the  many  interesting  features  of  this 
scene.  Standing  on  the  edge  of  the  first  fall, 
you  look  down  into  a  dreary  chasm,  whose 
steep  sides,  covered  with  the  dark  ivy  and  the 
thick  foliage  of  summer,  seem  like  a  green 
bed  prepared  for  the  reception  of  the  waters. 
Making  a  circuit  from  this  spot,  and  descend 
ing  about  midway  of  the  first  fall,  you  enter  a 
fool  path  which  conducts  into  an  immense  nat- 


CAU— CEN 


ural  amphitheatre  behind  the  waterfall.  The 
effect  of  this  scene  is  imposing  beyond  de 
scription.  Far  over  your  head  projects  a 
smooth  surface  of  rock,  forming  a  magnificent 
ceiling  to  this  amphitheatre.  In  front  is  the 
ever-falling  water,  and  beyond,  the  wild  moun 
tain  dell  with  the  clear  blue  sky  above. 

CAUGHENEWAGA,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
N.  Y.  404  m.  from  W. 

CAVAILLON,  t.  St.  Domingo;  on  the 
NW.  peninsula,  16  m.  W.  by  S,  from  St. 
Louis. 

CAVAZATES,  t,  Cuba,  120  m.  E.  from 
Havannah. 

CAVENDISH,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  Black 
r.  Pop.  1,498. 

CAVESVILLE,  v  Orange  co.  Va.  119  m. 
from  W. 

CAWENISQUE,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  Tioga  on  the  borders  of  N.  Y. 

CAYES,  Les,  t.  St.  Domingo,  13  leagues 
W.  by  S.  from  St.  Louis.  Lat.  18°  12'  N. 

CAYUGA,  co.  N.  Y.  E.  of  Cayuga  lake, 
bounded  N.  by  lake  Ontario  and  Oswego  co. 
E.  by  Oswego,  Onondaga,  and  Courtland  cos. 
S.  by  Tompkins  co.  and  W.  by  Cayuga  lake, 
Seneca  and  Ontario  x;os.  Pop.  47,947.  Chief 
town,  Auburn. 

CAYUGA,  v.  in  Aurelius,  N,  Y.  on  E.  side 
of  Cayuga  lake;  179  m.  W.  from  Albany, 
and  386  from  W.  It  contained  in  1812  40 
houses. 

CAYUGA,  lake,  N.  Y.  commences  at  the 
mouth  of  Fall  creek,  in  Tomkins  co.  and  ex 
tending  nearly  north,  with  a  mean  width  of 
2  m.  40  m.  to  the  village  of  Cayuga,  where  it 
again  contracts  into  a  small  river,  which  a 
short  distance  below  Cayuga,  unites  with  the 
Seneca  outlet.  Cayuga  lake  forms  part  of 
the  natural  channel  of  water  communication 
from  the  grand  canal  of  N.  Y.  to  the  Susque- 
hannah  r.  A  steam-boat  already  runs  between 
Ithaca  and  Cayuga. 

CAYUGA,  t  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
right  bank  of  Cayuga  outlet,  on  the  road  from 
Auburn  to  Geneva,  10m.  from  the  former,  and 
12  from  the  latter  place. 

CAYUGA  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  unites 
with  Buffalo  creek  in  SE.  corner  of  Buffalo. 
Length  28  m. 

CAYUTA,  t  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  NW. 
from  Spencer.  Pop.  642. 

CAYUTA  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
S.  into  the  Susquehannah,  near  its  union  with 
the  Tioga.  Length  35  m. 

CAZENOVIA,  t.  and  cap.  Madison  co.  N. 
Y. ;  130  m.  WNW.  from  Albany,  386  from  W. 
Pop.  4,344.  Here  is  a  pleasant  and  flourishing 
village,  which  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
printing-office,  a  Presbyterian  meeting-house, 
and  has  considerable  trade  and  manufactures. 

CECIL,  co.  part  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Penn 
sylvania,  E.  by  Delaware,  S.  by  Kent  co.  and 
W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay  and  the  Susquehannah. 
Pop.  15,432.  Chief  town,  Elkton. 

CECIL,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  lat.  39°  55'  N. 

CEDAR,  creek  and  t.  in  the  northern  part 
2D 


of  Shenandoah   co.  Va. ;  180  m.  NW.  from 
Richmond. 

CEDAR,  t.  Howard  co.  Miso. 

CEDAR,  lake,  British  N.  America,  between 
Lake  Winnipeg  and  the  Saskatchewine  river 
Lon.  22°  30'  from  W.  lat.  53°  N. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  Rockbridge  co.  Va.  runs 
into  James  river.  The  Natural  Bridge,  over 
this  creek,  is  12  m.  S.  from  Lexington,  and  is 
a  great  curiosity.  The  river  runs  through  a 
chasm,  which  is  90  feet  wide  at  the  top.  The 
sides  are  250  feet  high,  and  almost  perpen 
dicular.  The  bridge  is  a  huge  rock  thrown 
across  this  chasm  at  the  top.  It  is  60  feet 
wide,  and  covered  with  earth  and  trees,  and 
forms  a  sublime  spectacle  when  beheld  from 
the  margin  of  the  creek. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  runs  into  the  Missouri 
from  the  N.  in  St.  Charles  co.  Miso. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  lat.  39°  55'  N. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  r.  Delaware,  which  runs 
into  Delaware  Bay,  lat.  38°  56'  N. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  which  runs  into 
the  Great  Pedee. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  v.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 
about  60  rn.  E.  from  Philadelphia. 

CEDAR-CREEK-MOUTH,  v.  Franklin  co. 
Kentucky. 

CEDAR  GROVE,  t.  Union  district,  S.  C. 
about  70  m.  NW.  from  Columbia. 

CEDAR  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlan 
tic,  near  the  coast  of  Va. 

CEDAR  POINT,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Ma 
ryland,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Patuxent. 

CEDAR  POINT,  s-p.  Charles  co.  Md.  on 
the  Potomac  ;  12  m.  SSE.  from  Port  Tobacco, 
69  SSW.  from  Baltimore. 

CEDAR  RIVER,  r.  Miss,  which  runs  S. 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  E.  of  the  Pas- 
cagoula,  and  unites  with  it  at  its  mouth. 

CEDAR  RIVER,  or  Kechikigon,  r.  North- 
West  Territory,  which  runs  into  Lake  Michi 
gan. 

CEDAR  SHOALS,  t.  Chester  district,  S.C. 
88  m.  N.  from  Columbia. 

CEDARS,  v.  U.  C.  on  the  left  bank  of  St. 
Lawrence,  30  m.  above  Montreal. 

CEDARVILLE,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y. 

CEDARVILLE,  v.  Cumberland  co.  Va. 

CEDARVILLE,  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. ;  191 
m.  from  W. 

CELAYA,  t.  Mexico.  Lon.  101°  5'  W.  lat. 
21°  N. 

CENTERVILLE,  v.  Bibb  co.  Ala.  on  the 
Cahaba  river,  about  70  m.  N.  from  the  v.  of 
Cahaba. 

CENTRAL  SQUARE,  v.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y. 
120  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

CENTRE,  co.  central  part  of  Pa. ;  bounded 
N.  by  Lycotning  co.  E.  by  Northumberland  co. 
S.  by  Mifflin  and  Huntingdon  cos.  and  W.  by 
Clearfield  co.  Pop.  18,765.  Chief  town,  Belle- 
fbnte. 

CENTRE,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,103. 

CENTRE,  t.  Guilford  co.  N.  C.  69  m.  NW. 
from  Raleigh. 

CENTRE,  t.  Natchitochcs  parish,  La. 


220 


CEN— CHA 


CENTRE,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa. 
CENTRE,  t.  Union  co.  Pa. 
CENTRE,  t.  Monroe  co.  Ohio. 
CENTRE,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 
CENTRE-FURNACE,  v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 
CENTRE-HARBOR,  t.  Stratford  co.  N.  H. 
on  N.  side  Lake  Winnipiseogee ;  36   m.  N. 
from  Concord,  552  from  W.     Pop.  377. 
CENTREVILLE,  t.  AUeghany  co.  N.  Y. 
CENTREVILLE,  v.  Crawford  co.  Pa. 
CENTREVILLE,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio ;  14 
m.  NW.  from  Lancaster,  14  SE.  from  Colum 
bus. 

CENTREVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Queen  Anne 
co.  Md. ;  15  m.  S.  from  Chester,  21  N.  from 
Easton,  71  from  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated 
in  a  fertile  tract  of  country,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  Methodist  meeting 
house,  and  about  50  houses,  and  is  a  place  of 
some  trade. 

CENTREVILLE,  t.  Fairfax  co.  Va.;  23 
in.  W.  by  S.  from  W. 

CENTREVILLE,  t.  Pcndkton  co.  S.  C. 
570  m.  from  W. 

CENTREVILLE,  t.  Livingston  co.  Ken. 
834  m.  from  W.  Here  is  an  academy. 

CENTREVILLE,  t.  Montgomery  co.Ohia 
9  in.  SE.  from  Dayton. 

CENTREVILLE,  v.  Fairfield  co.Ohio;  14 
m.  SE.  from  Columbus. 

CENTREVILLE,  t.  Gatlia  co.  Ohio. 
CENTREVILLE,  t.  Wilkes  co.  Geo.  89  m 
NW.  from  Milledgeville. 

CENTREVILLE,  v.  Fayette  co.  Ken.  witl 
an  academy. 

CENTREVILLE,  Colnmbiana  co.  Ohio 
150  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

CENTREVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  in 
Wayne  co.  Indiana,  on  the  main  fork  of  the 
W.  branch  of  White-water  river. 
CERESTOWN,  t.  M'Kean  co.  Pa. 
CERF,  Isle  au,  small  isl.  in  the  St.  Law 
rence,  at  the  confluence  of  the  river  Des  Prai 
ries. 

CESAR'S  CREEK,  t.  Greene  county,  Ohio 
Pop.  649. 

CHABAQUIDDICK,  isl.  Mass,  near  the  E 
end  of  Martha's  Vineyard. 

CHACTOOLE  BAY,  NW.  coast  of  Ameri 
ca,  S.  of  Norton  Sound,  between  cape  Denbig 
and  Besborough  Island. 

CHAFALIA,  properly  Atchafalaya,  a  d 
verging  branch  of  the  Mississippi  river. 

CHAGRINS  RIVER,  r.  Ohio,  which  run 

into  Lake  Eric,  in  NE.  part  of  Cuyahoga  co. 

CHAGRINE  RIVER,  v.  Cuyahoga  co,  Ohio 

483  m.  from  W. 

CHAGUE,  r.  of  N.  America,  in  the  provinc 
of  Panama,  rises  on  the  isthmus  of  Darien  be 
tween  the  Bay  of  Panama,  and  Point  San  Blai 
and  flowing  W.  by  comparative  courses  60  n 
turns  to  N.  30  m.  falls  into  the  Caribbean  sea 
between  Porto  Bello  and  Conception.  It  i 
navigable  only  a  short  distance  for  sea-vesse 
to  Cruces  ;  but  for  boats  down  stream,  it  is  th 
channel  of  commerce  between  the  two  ocean 
CHALCO,  t.  Mexico,  18  m.  SE.  of  the  cit 
of  Mexico. 

CHALEUR,  Iarg«  bay  of  the  Gulf  of  S 


awrencc,  separating  N.  Brunswick  from  L.  C. 
listigouche  river  enters  its  head,  lat.  48°  N. 
CHALK  LEVEL,  v.  Pittsylvania  co.  Va. 
CHAMBERSBURG,  t.  bor.  and  cap.  Frank- 
n  co.  Pa. ;  14  in.  N.  from  Maryland  line,  i)2 
V.  from  York,  76  NW.  from  Baltimore,  137 
V.  from  Philadelphia,  92  from  W.  Lat.  39° 
7'  N.  Pop.  in  1820,  2,300,  and  in  1830, 2,794. 
t  is  situated  on  elevated  ground  at  the  conflu- 
nce  of  Falling  Spring  with  Conococheague 
reek,  which  afford  excellent  seats  for  manu- 
actorics  and  mills.  Here  are  now  in  opera- 
ion  a  large  merchant-mill,  a  paper-mill,  an 
)il-mill,  a  fulling-mill,  2  breweries,  and  a  spin- 
ling  factory  with  about  600  spindles.  It  has 
Iso  manufactories  of  excellent  cutlery.  It  is 
,  pleasant,  flourishing,  and  healthy  town,  and 
xnitains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  county  offices,  a 
market-house,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  7 
louses  of  public  worship.  Several  of  the 
shurchcs  are  large,  having  spires  with  2  bells 
n  each.  In  the  vicinity  of  the  town  there  are 
arge  quantities  of  blue  lime-stone,  freestone, 
and  marble.  It  is  on  the  turnpike  from  Har- 
isburg  to  Pittsburg,  and  there  is  also  a  turn- 
like  from  the  borough  to  Baltimore.  The 
•ur  rounding  country  is  fertile  and  well  culti- 
ated. 

CHAMBERS  CREEK,  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 
.  small  stream  near  Ncwburgh,  on  which  is 
irected  a  cannon  foundery. 

CIIAMBLY,  Seigniory,  in  Kent  and  Bed- 
brd  cos.  L.  C.  on  the  river  Sorrel,  12  m.  E. 
VIontreal.  Here  is  a  fort,  arid  a  village  of 
bout  100  houses. 

CHAMPAIGN,  co.  Ohio,  on  Mad  river,  a 
branch  of  the  Miami.  Pop.  12,130,  Chief 
;own,  Urbanna. 

CHAMPION,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  York,  on 
Black  river,  at  the  head  of  the  Long  Falls ;  52 
m.  N.  from  Rome,  161  NW.  Albany.  Pop. 
2,342. 

CHAMPION,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  N. 
from  Warren. 

CHAMPION,  v.  in  Pamcsville,  Ohio. 

CHAMPLAIN,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Clinton 
co.  N.  Y.  on  lake  Champlain,  15  m.  N.  from 
Plattsburg,  185  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,456.  It 
is  watered  by  the  Chazy,  and  contains  numer 
ous  mills. 

CHAMPLAIN,  Lake,  between  New  York 
and  Vermont.  Its  whole  length  from  White 
hall,  at  its  southern  extremity,  to  its  termina 
tion  24  m.  N.  of  the  Canada  line,  is  128  m. ;  its 
brcodth  varies  from  half  a  mile  to  16  m.  Its 
surface  covers  about  600  sq..  ms.  The  princi 
pal  streams  which  flow  into  it  from  the  east, 
arc  the  Missisque,  Lamoil,  Onion,  and  Otter 
creek ;  those  from  the  west  are  the  Chazy,  Sa- 
ranac,  Sable,  the  waters  of  lake  George,  and 
Wood  creek.  The  whole  extent  of  country 
drained  by  these  waters,  is  between  6  and  7,000 
sq.  ms.  There  are  several  large  islands  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  lake,  the  principal  of  which 
are  North  and  Soulh  Hero,  and  Isle  Lamotte. 
The  outlet  of  the  lake  is  the  river  Sorel,  which 
runs  N.  into  the  St.  Lawrence.  About  800  tons 
of  shipping  are  employed  on  the  lake,  owned 
principally  at  Burlington,  and  in  the  summer 


CHA-CHA 


227 


season  a  steam-boat  plies  from  Whitehall  to  St. 
John's  through  its  whole  length.  A  battle  was 
fought  on  this  lake  on  the  11th  of  Sept.  1814, 
in  which  the  American  fleet  under  commodore 
Macdonongh  gained  a  complete  victory  over 
the  British, 

CHANCEFORD,  Upper,  t.  York  co.  Pa. 

CHANCELLORVILLE,  v.  Spottsylvania 
co.  Va.  75  in.  N.  from  Richmond. 

CHANDELEUR  ISLANDS,  in  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  near  the  coast  of  W.  Florida. 

CHANDLER'S  RIVER,  r.  Me.  which  runs 
into  Englishman's  bay. 

CHAP  ALA,  the  largest  lake  of  Mexico.  It 
lies  just  above  lat.  20°  N.  about  120  m.  W.  of 
the  city  of  Mexico,  and  is  90  m.  long  and  20 
broad,  covering  an  area  of  1225  sq.  ms. 

CHAPEL  HILL,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  C.  on  a 
branch  of  Cape  Fear  river,  about  14  m.  S.  from 
Hillsborough,  and  24  W  from  Raleigh.  The 
situation,  in  an  elevated  and  broken  country,  is 
pleasant  and  healthy.  It  is  the  scat  of  the 
University  of  N.  C.  This  seminary  was  incor 
porated  in  1788,  and  liberally  supported  by 
public  donations,  and  private  benefaction.  The 
revenues  are  at  present  ample.  It  has  9  in 
structors,  and  6!)  students.  The  libraries  have 
ibout  5,000  volumes.  The  studies  of  which  a 
knowledge  is  required  in  order  to  gain  admis 
sion  to  this  institution  are  Caesar's  Comment 
aries,  Sallust,  Virgil,  Mair's  Introduction,  and 
ten  chapters  of  St.  John's  Gospel.  The  studies 
during  the  first  two  years,  are  the  languages 
and  geography ;  during  the  third  year,  mathe 
matics  ;  and  during  the  fourth,  natural,  intel 
lectual,  and  moral  philosophy.  The  annual 
expenses  for  board,  tuition,  &c.  amount  to  about 
140  dollars.  The  commencement  is  held  on 
the  first  Thursday  in  June,  after  which  there 
is  a  vacation  of  6  weeks ;  there  is  another  va 
cation  of  4  weeks  in  December. 

CHAPLINTON,  t.  Barren  co.  Ken. 

CHAPMAN,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  Pop.  400. 

CHAPTICO,  t.  St  Mary's  co.  Md.  12  m. 
NW.  from  Leonardtown,  and  56  from  W. 

CHARATON,  east,  and  Charaton,  west,  2 
rivers  of  Missouri,  rising  in  the  angle  between 
Les  Moines  river,  and  Grand  river,  and  flow 
ing  S.  fall  into  the  Missouri  220  m.  above  St. 
Louis,  and  120  below  the  mouth  of  Kansas  r. 

CHARDON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Geauga 
co.  Ohio,  12  m.  from  the  mouth  of  Grand  river, 
160  NE.  from  Columbus.  Lat.  41°  35'  N.; 
Ion.  from  W.  4°  15'  W. 

CHARETTE,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Miso.  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Missouri  river,  40  m.  above 
St.  Charles. 

CHARITON,  ca  Miso  bounded  S.  by  Mis 
souri  river  and  Howard  co.  W.  by  Ray  co.  E. 
by  Rails  co.  and  N.  by  the  state  line.  This 
county  is  drained  by  the  two  Charaton  rivers. 
Chief  town,  Chariton.  Lat  39°  30'  N. ;  Ion. 
from  W.  15°  30'  W. 

CHARITON,  t.  and  cap.  of  a  county  lately 
set  off*  from  Howard  co.  Missouri,  is  under  a 
blufV  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Little  Chariton.  It  contains 
several  handsome  brick  houses,  a  saw  and  grist 


mill,  a  distillery,  and  2  hotels.     It  is  25  m.  VV 
from  Franklin.     Pop.  about  300. 

CHARLEMONT,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass 

CHARLEMONT,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  14 
m.  W.  from  Greenfield,  110  WNW.  from  Bos 
ton.  Pop.  1,065. 

CHARLES,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Prince 
George  co.  E.  by  St.  Mary's  co.  SW.  and  W. 
by  the  Potomac.  Pop.  17,666.  Chief  town, 
Port  Tobacco. 

CHARLES,  r.  Mass,  which  flows  into  Bos 
ton  harbor,  near  that  town. 

CHARLES,  Cape,  the  N.  point  of  an  island 
in  the  S.  channel  of  Hudson's  Strait,  leading 
into  Hudson's  bay.  Lon.  74°  15'  W.;  lat. 
62°  46'  N. 

CHARLES,  Cape,  Va.  the  N.  cape  at  the 
entrance  of  Chesapeake  bav.  Lon.  75°  58'  W. ; 
lat.  37°  15'  N. 

CHARLES,  St.  a  parish  of  the  E.  District 
of  Louisiana,  lying  on  both  sides  of  the  Mis 
sissippi,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  lakes  Mau- 
repas  and  Ponchartrain ;  it  is  a  swampy  dis 
trict,  containing  about  300  sq.  ms.  Pop.  5,107 
The  court-house  of  the  district  is  45  in.  W 
from  New  Orleans. 

CHARLESBURG,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
26  m.  from  W. 

CHARLES  CITY,  co.  Va.  on  the  peninsula 
between  James  and  Chickahominy  rivers; 
length,  26  m.;  mean  width,  8;  surface  hilly, 
or  rolling.  Staples,  grain,  flour,  and  tobacco. 
Pop.  5,504. 

CHARLESTON,  t.  Montgomery  so.  N.  Y. 
on  S.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  40  m.  WNW.  from 
Albany,  412  from  W.  Pop.  2,148.  It  is  of 
large  extent,  and  contains  4  houses  of  public 
worship. 

CHARLESTON,  t.  Cecil  co.  Md.  10  m.  W. 
from  Elkton,  47  NNE.  from  Baltimore,  and  63 
from  W.  Pop.  300.  It  has  an  academy  and 
a  meeting-house. 

CHARLESTON,  t.  and  cap.  Clarke  co.  In. 
2  m.  from  the  Ohio,  14  above  the  falls,  14  SW. 
from  Madison,  613  from  W. 

CHARLESTON,  v.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on 
Connecticut  r.  51  m.  W.  from  Concord. 

CHARLESTON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  in 
Clarke  co.  In.  near  the  Ohio  r.  and  the  mouth 
of  Eleven  mile  creek,  15  m.  above  Louisville. 
Lat.  38°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  8°  38'  W. 

CHARLESTON,  L  on  the  SW.  side  of  the 
island  of  Nevis,  in  the  West  Indies.  It  is  the 
seat  of  government,  and  defended  by  a  fort. 

CHARLESTON,  isl.  at  the  bottom  of  Hud 
son's  bay.  Lon  79°  5'  W. ;  lat  52°  3'  N. 

CHARLESTON,  city  and  s-p.  S.  C.  in  a 
district  of  the  same  name ;  120  m.  SSE.  from 
Columbia,  118  NE.  from  Savannah,  580  SSW. 
from  Baltimore,  771  SSW.  from  New  York, 
544  from  W.  Lon.  79°  54'  W. ;  lat.  32°  47'  N. 
It  is  situated  on  a  point  of  land,  made  by  the 
junction  of  the  rivers  Cooper  and  Ashley,  which 
by  their  union  form  a  commodious  harbor, 
opening  to  the  ocean  below  Sullivan's  Island, 
seven  miles  below  the  city.  The  passage  over 
the  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  harbor,  though 
deep  and  safe,  is  difficult  to  find.  It  is  strongly 


228 


CHA— CHA 

CHARLESTON. 


REFERENCES.    Boroughs.— (1)  Cannon,  (2)  Radclifte,  (3)  Wraps,  (4)  Mazyck, 
Public  Places.— (A)  United  States  arsenal,  (B)  Potter's  Field,  (C)  Places  of  worship,  (D)  Citadel,  (E) 
Public  Square,  (F)  Fort  Washington,  (G)  Arsenal,  (H)  Markets,  (1)  Orphans'  house,  (K)  Baths,  (L)  Public 
landing,  (M)  Theatre. 

(a)  Bank  of  U.  States,  (b)  State  Bank,  (c)  Bank  of  S.  Carolina,  (e)  Planters'  and  Merchants'  Bank,  (f) 
Union  Bank,  (g)  City  Hall,  (h)  Court-house,  (i)  State  Offices,  ( j)  Circus,  (k)  Medical  College,  (I)  Poor-house, 
(m)  Workhouse,  (n)  Hospital,  (o)  Jail,  (p)  Exchange,  (q)  Foundery  (r)  Steam  Mill,  (s)  Martello  Tower, 
(t)  Lucas  Mill,  (u)  Mill-pond,  (v)  Canal,  (vv)  Bennett's  Ford,  (x)  Saw  Mill,  (y)  Wind  Mill,  (z)  Moore'a  vv. 


CHARLESTON  EXCHANGE. 


defended  by  3  forts  on  different  islands  in  the 
harbor.  It  contains  10  or  12  respectable  pub 
lic  buildings,  and  18  or  20  churches.  Most  of 
them  are  handsome,  and  some  of  them  mag 
nificent.  There  are  but  3  or  4  larger  city 
libraries  in  the  United  States,  than  that  of 
Charleston.  It  contains  between  13  and  14,000 
volumes.  The  orphan  asylum  is  a  noble  and 
munificent  charity,  which  maintains  and  edu 
cates  130  orphan  children.  There  is  a  fund 
also  for  educating  at  the  South  Carolina  college 
such  boys  as  manifest  distinguished  talents. 
Many  of  the  charitable  institutions  of  this  hos 
pitable  city  are  munificently  endowed,  and  af 
ford  ample  and  efficient  relief  to  the  various 
species  of  distress,  for  the  alleviation  of  which 
they  are  designed.  It  is  regularly  laid  out ; 


and  handsomely  and  in  some  parts  splendidly 
built.  The  site  was  originally  low  and  marshy ; 
but  the  low  places  have  been  filled  up,  and  so 
raised  that  the  streets  are  perfectly  dry.  The 
houses  are  spacious,  and  have  piazzas  to  court 
the  breeze.  The  squares  are  shaded  with  the 
pride  of  China  and  other  beautiful  trees,  and 
the  gardens  with  orange  trees,  and  the  inhab 
itants  have  had  the  taste  to  surround  their 
dwellings  with  the  multiflora  rose,  and  other 
ornamental  shrubs  and  fragrant  flowering 
plants,  which  impart  to  a  northern  stranger 
the  idea  of  a  tropical  flower  garden.  Though 
this  city  has  been  more  than  once  desolated 
by  the  yellow  fever,  it  is  considered  healthier 
for  acclimated  inhabitants,  than  the  surround 
ing  country.  The  planters  from  the  low  coun- 


CHA-CHA 


229 


try  and  many  opulent  strangers  from  the  West 
Indies  come  here  to  spend  the  sickly  months, 
and  to  enjoy  the  elegant  and  enlightened  soci 
ety,  with  which  this  city  abounds.  The  city 
owns  a  large  amount  of  shipping,  and  in  the 
value  of  its  exports  is  the  fourth  city  in  the 
union.  By  the  way  of  Norfolk  and  across  the 
bays,  it  has  rapid  and  easy  steam-boat  commu 
nications  with  the  northern  cities.  In  1820, 
the  popu.ation  was  24,780,  of  which  more  than 
half  were  slaves.  In  1830,  30,289. 

CHARLESTOWN,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
1  m.  N.  of  Boston.  Pop.  8,787.  The  principal 
part  of  the  town  is  beautifully  situated  on  a 
peninsula  formed  by  Mystic  and  Charles 
rivers,  which  unite  immediately  below  in  Bos 
ton  harbor.  A  bridge  across  Charles  r.  con 
nects  the  town  with  Boston,  and  two  others 
across  Mystic  r.  connect  it  with  Maiden,  and 
with  Chelsea.  There  is  also  a  bridge  across 
a  bay  of  Charles  r.  on  the  west  side  of  the 
town,  connecting  it  with  Cambridge.  The 
public  buildings  are  the  state  prison,  the  Mas 
sachusetts  insane  hospital,  an  alms-house, 
town-house,  and  5  houses  for  public  worship, 
viz.  2  for  Congregationalists,  1  for  Baptists,  1 
for  Universalists,  and  1  for  Methodists. — A 
navy-yard  of  the  U.  S.  occupies  the  SE.  part 
of  the  town.  It  consists  of  about  60  acres  of 
land,  on  which  are  erected  a  marine  hospital, 
a  spacious  ware-house,  an  arsenal,  powder 
magazine,  and  a  house  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  superintendent,  all  of  brick ;  and  2 
immense  wooden  edifices,  under  which  the 
largest  vessels  of  war  are  built.  The  cele 
brated  battle  of  "  Breed's  hill"  commonly,  but 
incorrectly  called  "  Bunker  hill  battle,"  was 
fought  in  this  town,  June  17,  1775. 

CHARLESTOWN,  v.  Washington  co.  R. 
I.  It  is  remarkable  for  being  the  residence  of 
the  greater  part  of  the  Narraganset  Indians 
that  still  remain  in  this  state.  They  are 
peaceable  and  well  disposed  towards  the  go 
vernment,  and  speak  the  English  language. 

CHARLESTOWN,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Va.  20 
m.  NE.  from  Winchester,  8  S.  from  Shep- 
herdstown,  and  63  from  W. 

CHARLESTOWN,  t.  Kenhawa  co.  Va.  on 
the  Kenhawa,  near  the  mouth  of  Elk  r. 

CHARLESTOWN,  t.  Mason  co.  Ken.  on 
the  Ohio,  at  the  mouth  of  Laurens'  creek,  6 
m.  N.  from  Washington,  and  GO  NE.  from 
Lexington. 

CHARLESTOWN,  t  Portage  co.  Ohio,  4 
m.  W,  from  Ravenna. 

CHARLESTOWN,  chief  town  of  the  isl 
and  of  Nevis,  in  the  W.  Indies.  Lon.  62°  40' 
W.;  lat.  17°8'N. 

CHARLESTOWN,  Neu>,  town  of  Penob- 
scot  co.  Maine,  28  m.  NNW.  from  Bangor. 
Pop.  859. 

CHARLESTOWN,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md.  on  the 
W.  side  of  N.  East  r.  10  m.  W.  from  Elktoh. 

CHARLESTOWN,  t.  Brooke  co.  Va. 

CHARLESTOWN,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
on  E.  bank  of  the  Susquehannah,  4  m.  below 
Columbia. 

CHARLESTOWN,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Va.  20 
m.  NE.  from  Winchester. 


CHARLOTTE,  or  Port  Genesee,  v.  in 
Gates,  Genesec  co.  N.  Y.  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Genesee. 

CHARLOTTE,  co.  N.  Brunswick ;  bound 
ed  S.  by  the  bay  of  Fundy,  and  W.  by  the  St. 
Croix  and  Passamaquoddy  bay.  Chief  town, 
St.  Andrews. 

CHARLOTTE,  t  on  the  E.  side  of  lake 
Champlain,  in  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  at  the  dis 
tance  of  10  m.  S.  of  Burlington,  and  13  N.  of 
Vergennes. 

CHARLOTTE,  v.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Braddock's  bay.  The  village  is  at  the  mouth 
of  Genesee  r. 

CHARLOTTE,  co.  Va.  on  Staunton  river  • 
bounded  by  Lunenburg  E.  Mecklenburg  SE. 
Halifax  or  Roanoke  r.  SW.  Campbell  NW. 
Buckingham  and  Prince  Edward  NE.  length 
33  m.  mean  breadth  18;  area  600  sq.  ms. 
Part  of  the  soil  along  the  streams  is  excellent. 
Chief  town,  Maryville.  Pop.  15,254. 

CHARLOTTE,  C.  H.  Charlotte  co.  Va.  105 
m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

CHARLOTTE,  v.  and  scat  of  justice  for 
Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C.  on  Sugar  creek,  a 
branch  of  Catawba  r.  46  m.  S.  of  Statesville, 
and  about  the  same  distance  SW.  of  Salisbury. 
Lat.  35°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  48'  W.  from  W. 

CHARLOTTE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Dick- 
son  co.  Ten.  30  m.  W.  from  Nashville.  Lat. 
36°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  15'  W.  from  W. 

CHARLOTTE,  v.  S.  C.  at  the  junction  of 
Tugaloo  and  Broad  rivers. 

CHARLOTTE,  r.  bay  and  harbor,  W. 
coast  of  E.  Florida.  The  river  rises  in  the  in 
terior  of  the  peninsula,  and  flows  W.  into  the 
bay. 

CHARLOTTEBURG,  t.  Brunswick  co.  N. 
Carolina. 

CHARLOTTE  FORT,  S.  C.  at  the  junction 
of  the  Tugaloo  and  Broad  rivers,  the  forks  of 
Savannah  Driver.  Lon.  82°  35'  W. ;  Int.  34°  N. 

CHARLOTTE-HALL,  t.  St.  Mary's  co. 
Md.;  56  m.  SSE.  from  W.  It  derives  its 
name  from  an  academy,  which  consists  of 
3  brick  buildings,  calculated  to  accommodate 
100  students.  The  situation  is  elevated,  pleas 
ant,  and  healthy. 

CHARLOTTE'S  BAY,  on  the  SE.  coast 
of  Nova  Scotia.  Lat.  44°  35'  N. 

CHARLOTTE'S  TOWN.  t.  island  of  St. 
John,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

CHARLOTTE'S  TOWN,  Prince  Edward's 
Island,  in  the  bay  of  St.  Lawrence ;  on  a  deep 
bay,  S.  side  of  the  island. 

CHARLOTTE'S-TOWN,  formerly  Rous 
seau,  the  capital  of  Dominica,  21  m.  SE.  of 
Prince  Rupert's  bay,  on  a  point  of  land  on  the 
SW.  side  of  the  island.  Lon.  61°  25'  W. ;  lat. 
15°  25'  N. 

CHARLOTTESVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Albe- 
marle  co.  Va.  86  m.  WNW.  from  Richmond, 
40  SE.  by  E.  from  Staunton,  and  about  1  N. 
from  Rivanna  r.  A  college  was  established  at 
Chnrlottesville  in  1817,  called  Central  college. 
It  forms  part  of  a  grand  plan  of  education  re 
cently  adopted  in  the  state  of  Virginia.  The 
buildings  are  not  yet  completed,  but  they  are. 
said  to  surpass,  in  elegance  of  design,  and 


230 


CHA-CHA 


beauty  of  architecture,  every  thing  on  this  side 
of  the  Atlantic. 

CHARLOTTEVILLE,  t.  Norfolk  co.  U.  C. 
on  lake  Erie. 

CHARLTON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  15  m. 
SW.  from  Worcester,  and  GO  SSW.  from  Bos 
ton.  Pop.  2,173. 

CHARLTON,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  8  m. 
W.  from  Ballston,  and  25  NW.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  2,023. 

CHARLTON,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the 
Missouri,  220  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

CHARLTON  ISLAND,  Hudson's  bay. 
Lon.  80°  W. ;  lat.  52°  12'  N. 

CHARLTON  ISLAND,  small  isl.  at  E.  ex 
tremity  of  lake  Ontario. 

CHARON,  r.  U.  C.  runs  into  lake  Superior, 
Ion.  85°  W. 

CHAROTTE,  t.  St.  Charles  co.  Missouri 
Territory,  on  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri,  40  m. 
above  St.  Charles. 

CHARTIER'S  CREEK,  Pa.  runs  into  the 
Ohio  from  the  S.  5  m.  below  Pittsburg.  It  is 
navigable  for  boats  to  Morganza  in  its  forks. 

CHAST ANT'S  BLUFF,  in  Ala.  on  the 
Mobile,  27  m.  above  Mobile. 

CHATAHOOCHEE,  r.  which  rises  in  the 
Apalach:an  mountains,  runs  across  the  NW. 
of  Ceo.  fbur.s  a  part  of  the  W.  boundary 
of  the  state,  dividing  it  from  Alabama,  and  in 
lat.  3,0°  45'  N.  receives  Flint  r.  and  takes  the 
name  of  Apalachicola. 

CHATAHOOSPA,  r.  W.  Florida,  runs  into 
the  Catahoochee,  lat  31°  43'  N. 

CHATAUQUE,  co.  N.  Y. ;  bounded  NW. 
by  lake  Erie,  E.  by  Calaragus,  S.  by  Pa.  and 
W.  by  Ohio.  Pop.  34,057. 

CHATAUQUE,  lake,  in  Chatauque  co.  N. 
Y.  9  m.  E.  from  lake  Erie,  18  long,  and  from 
I  to  3  broad.  The  head  of  the  lake  is  9  m. 
from  Dunkirk  on  lake  Erie.  A  branch  of  the 
Conewango,  which  runs  into  the  Allcghany  r. 
flows  from  this  lake.  From  the  head  of  this 
lake  there  is  a  free  navigation  through  the 
Conewango  and  Alleghany,  to  Pittsburg. 

CHATAUQUE,  t.  and  cap.  Cbatauque  co. 
N.  Y.  30  m.  SW.  from  Buffalo,  357  W.  from 
Albany,  and  439  from  W.  Pop,  2,432. 

CHATEAUGAY,  Seigniory,  Huntingdon 
co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  13  m.  SW.  from  Montreal. 

CHATEAUGAY,  t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  10 
m.  E.  from  Malone.  Pop.  2,016. 

CHATEAUGAY,  v.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y.  586 
in.  from  W. 

CHATEAUGAY,  r  N.  Y.  in  Franklin  co. 
which  runs  into  the  St  Lawrence,  opposite  to 
Montreal. 

CHATHAM,  co.  central  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
15,4!)9.  Chief  town,  Pittsborough. 

CHATHAM,  co.  E.  part  of  Georgia.  Pop. 
14,230.  Chief  town,  Savannah. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Coos  co.  Nil.  87  m.  N. 
from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  419.  ' 

CHATHAM,  t.  Stafford  co.  N.  II.  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  White  mountains.  Pop.  419. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  opposite  Middle- 
town.  Pop.  3,646.  Ship-building  has  long 


been  an  important  business  in  this  town,  and 
several  vessels  of  war,  for  the  United  States' 
service,  have  been  built  here.  Here  are  alse 
the  noted  and  very  valuable  quarries  of  free 
stone,  called  Connecticut  stone.  A  large  quan 
tity  of  this  stone,  prepared  for  market,  is  sold 
in  the  neighborhood,  or  exported  to  distant 
parts  of  the  country. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass,  in  the 
SE.  extremity  of  the  state;  20  m.  E.  from 
Barnstable,  85  SE.  from  Boston,  and  508  from 
W.  Pop.  2,134.  This  town  is  remarkable  for 
many  shipwrecks  on  its  shores.  The  inhab 
itants  are  employed  chiefly  in  the  fisheries. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Kent  co.  U.  C.  extending 
from  Thames  r.  to  lake  St.  Clair. 

CHATHAM,  t.  York  co.  L.  C.  on  the  N. 
side  of  Ottawa  river. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Northumberland  co.  New 
Brunswick,  on  Miramachi  river.  It  is  well 
situated  for  carrying  on  the  timber  trade,  and 
contains  a  handsome  Presbyterian  church. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. ;  18m. 
NE.  from  Hudson,  350  from  W.  Pop.  3,538. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Pas- 
saic ;  13  m.  NW.  Elizabethtown,  228  from  W. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.;  121  m. 
from  W. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Chesterfield  co.  S.  C.  on  W. 
side  of  the  Great  Pcdee;  15  m.  NNE.  from 
Greenville,  150  NNE.  from  Charleston,  436 
from  W. 

CHATHAM,  or  Punjo  Bay,  on  the  SW. 
coast  of  Florida.  Lat.  25°  30'  N. 

CHATHAM  FOUR  CORNERS,  v.  in  the 
township  of  Chatham,  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. ;  346 
m.  from  W.  This  is  a  different  town  from 
that  called  Chatham  in  the  same  township. 

CHATHAM  STRAIT,  a  channel  on  the 
W.  coast  of  N.  America.  It  divides  King 
George  the  Third's  Archipelago  from  Admi 
ralty  island.  Lat.  58°  N.  Ion.  134  W. 

CHAUDIERE  FALLS,  on  the  Ottawa  river, 
U.  C.  36  feet  high.  They  are  a  little  above 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Radeau,  and  below  Lake 
Chaudierc. 

CHAUDIERE  LAKE  is  formed  by  the 
widening  of  the  Ottawa  river,  above  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Radeau,  and  below  Lake  Chat, 
U.C. 

CHAUDIERE  RIVER,  L.  C.  rises  on  the 
hilly  region  from  which  the  Connecticut  and 
Kennebec  have  their  sources.  It  flows  nearly 
N.  from  Megantic  Lake,  about  100  m.  and  falls 
into  St  Lawrence  6  m.  above  Quebec.  It  was 
by  the  channel  of  this  stream  that  Gen.  Ar 
nold  reached  the  St.  Lawrence  river,  early  in 
the  revolutionary  war.  It  is  a  precipitous,  and 
unnavigable  stream.  The  scenery  along  its 
banks  has  excited  the  admiration  of  all  travel 
lers  who  have  visited  it. 

CHAUMONT,  a  town  of  Jefferson  co.  New 
York,  seated  at  the  head  of  a  small  bay  at  the 
E.  end  of  Lake  Ontario,  187  m.  NW.  of  Al 
bany. 

CHAUMONT,  bay  of  Lake  Ontario,  Jeffer 
son  co.  N.  Y.  to  the  N.  of,  and  communicating 
by  a  strait  with  Sacket's  Harbor. 

CHAZY,  t.  Clinton  co.  JSL  Y.  W.  from  Lake 


CHA— CHE 


231 


Champlain;  186  m.  N.  from  Albany,  529  from 
W.     Pop.  3,097. 

CHAZY,  two  small  rivers  of  N.  Y.  Clinton 
co.  fall  into  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Champlain. 

CHEAT,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Monongahela, 
3  or  4  m.  within  the  Pennsylvania  line.  It  is 
navigable  for  boats,  except  in  dry  seasons,  and 
there  is  a  portage  of  37  m.  to  the  Potomac. 

CHEBACCO,  the  2d  parish  in  Ipswich, 
Mass. ;  5  m.  SSE.  from  Ipswich  C.  H.  12  NE. 
Salem.  It  is  famous  for  building  small  ves 
sels,  called  Chebacco-boats.  Some  business 
also  is  done  here  in  the  shore  fishery,  though 
the  principal  employment  is  agriculture.  The 
village  is  2  m.  from  the  bay,  on  Chebacco  river, 
which  is  navigable  for  sloops  of  60  tons  to  the 
village. 

CHEBUCTO  BAY,  on  the  SE.  coast  of 
Nova  Scotia.  Lon.  63°  31'  W.  lat.  44°  40'  N. 

CHEBUKTO,  harbor,  near  Halifax,  in  Nova 
Scotia.  Lon.  13°  18'  E.  from  W.  lat.  44° 
45' N. 

CHEBUOTEQUION  is  one  of  the  lakes  on 
the  communication  between  Lake  Simcoe  and 
the  Rice  Lake,  U.  C. 

CHEDABUCTO,  bay  of  the  NE.  coast  of 
Nova  Scotia,  opening  into  the  strait  between 
Cape  Breton  and  Nova  Scotia.  Lon.  15°  50' 
E.  from  W.  lat.  45°  25'  N. 

CHEEKS  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Hawkins  co. 
Tennessee. 

CHEFUNCTI,  r.  La.  falls  into  lake  Pon- 
chartrain,  at  Madisonville.  It  is  beatable  30  m. 

CHEGOIMEGON,  Point,  N  W.  Territory 
a  sandy  point  projecting  into  Lake  Superior 
and  forming  the  eastern  side  of  a  bay  of  the 
same  name.  The  bay  affords  an  excellent 
harbor  for  vessels,  and  next  to  that  of  Grand 
Isle,  the  best  on  the  southern  shore  of  the  lake, 
Across  its  entrance  is  a  chain  of  islands,  27 
m.  E.  Fond  du  Lac,  130  W.  Kewecna  Point. 

CHELMSFORD,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass, 
on  S.  side  of  the  Merrimack ;  25  m.  N  W.  Bos 
ton,  462  from  W.  Pop.  1,387.  Middlesex  ca 
nal  commences  here,  near  the  head  of  whicl 
there  is  a  manufactory  of  glass.  Large  quan 
tities  of  beautiful  granite,  much  used  in  build 
ing,  are  obtained  in  this  town,  and  transportec 
down  the  canal,  to  Boston  and  vicinity. 

CHELSEA,  t.  and  cap.  Orange  co.  Vt. ;  22 
m.  SSE.  from  Montpelier,  506  from  W.  Pop 
1,958. 

CHELSEA,  t.  Suffolk  co.  Mass. ;  6  m.  NE 
from  Boston.  It  is  connected  with  Charles- 
town  by  a  bridge.  Lon.  71°  0'  W.  lat  42°  25 
N.  Pop.  770. 

CHEMIUR,  r.  In.  falling  into  Lake  Michi 
gan. 

CHEMUNG,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.;  10  m 
SW.  from  Spencer,  198  WSW.  from  Albany 
308  from  W.  Pop.  1,462. 

CHENAL  ECARTE  ISLE,  U.  C.  near  the 
entrance  of  the  river  St.  Clair  into  Lake  St 
Clair,  E.  of  Harsan's  Island.  It  contains  aboui 
300  acres  of  arable  land ;  the  other  parts  arc 
meadow  and  marsh. 

CHENAL  ECARTE,  Isle  de,  U.  C.  in  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  the  t.  of  Cornwall 


contains  from  7  to  800  acres.  The  soil  is 
srood. 

CHENAL  ECARTE  RIVER,  U.  C.  runs 
nearly  parallel  to  the  river  Thames,  and  emp- 
ies  itself  at  the  entrance  of  the  river  St. 

"  CHENANGO,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by 
Madison  co.  E.  by  Otsego  and  Delaware  cos. 
S.  by  Broome  co.  W.  by  Broome  and  Court- 
andt  cos.  Pop.  37,406.  Chief  town,  Nor 
wich. 

CHENANGO,  t.  and  cap.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 
i  the  Susquehannah ;  40  m.  SW  from  Nor 
wich,  63  S.  from  Manlius,  148  WSW.  from 
Albany,  295  from  W.     Pop.  3,716. 

CHENANGO,  r.  which  runs  SSW.  through 
Chenango  co.  and  joins  the  Susquehannah,  18 
in.  E.  from  Owego.  Length  90  m. 

CHENANGO" FORKS,  v.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. ; 
315  in.  from  W. 

CHENANGO  POINT,  Broome  eo.  N.  Y. 
at  the  junction  of  Chenango  river  with  the- 
Susquehannah. 

CHENE,  Isle  du,  in  Lake  Ontario,  lies  off 
the  easterly  coast  of  Marysbwrgh,  U.  C.  anc* 
close  to  the  land. 

CHENE,  Portage  du,  on  the  Ottawa  riverr 
immediately  below  Lake  Chaudiere,  ILC, 

CHENE,  Riviere  du,  runs  into  the  Bay  of 
Michipicoten,  Lake  Superior,,  W,  of  r.  Michi- 
picoten,  U.  C. 

CHENE,  r.  La,  rises  in  the  marshes  SE. 
from  the  English  Bend,  below  N.  Orleans ; 
flows  parallel  to  the  Mississippi,  and  falls  into 
Chandeleur  Bay,  about  10  m.  E.  from  Fort  St. 
Philip.  An  inlet  connects  the  Chene  with  the 
Terra  aux  Breufs  river. 

CHENES,  r.  Plaquemines  parish,  La.  which 
runs  SE.  into  Black  Lake. 

CHEPATCHET,  flourishing  v.  Providence 
co.  R.  I.  on  Chepatchet  creek,  16  in.  NW. 
from  Providence. 

CHEPATCHET  CREEK,  northwestern 
branch  of  Pawtuckct  river,  rises  in  the  NW. 
angle  of  Providence  co.  R.  I. 

CHEPOOSEA,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  Ion.  90°  6'  W.  lat.  36°  16'  N. 

CHER  AW,  v.  Darlington  district,  S.  C.; 
240  m.  from  W. 

CHERAW  HILLS,  S.  C.  on  W.  side  of  the 
Great  Pedee  ;  10m.  NW.  from  Greenville. 

CHEROKEE  CORNER,  v.  Oglethorpe  co. 
Geo. ;  8i  m.  from  Athens,  675  from  W. 

CHERRITON,  t.  Howard  co.  Missouri  Ter 
ritory,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri,  20  m. 
W.  from  Franklin. 

CHEERY,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa. 

CHERRY  CREEK  rises  at  the  foot  of  the 
Blue  Mountain  on  the  N.  side  in  Northampton 
co.  Pa.  near  the  Windgap,  and  running  ENE. 
along  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  falls  into  the 
Delaware,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Watergap. 
It  is  not  navigable,  is  rapid,  and  has  several 
mills  erected  on  it. 

CHERRYFIELD,  t.  Washington  co.  Me.  • 
30  m.  W.  from  Machias.  Pop.  583. 

CHERRY  GROVE,  t.  St.  Clair  co.  II. ;  59 
m.  SW.  from  Vandalia> 


232 


CHE— CHE 


CHERRY  PLAINS,  v.  Wake  co.  N.  C.; 
308  m.  from  W. 

CHERRY  RIDGE,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa. 

CHERRYSTONE,  a  port  of  Va. 

CHERRYTREE,  t.  Venango  co.  Pa. 

CHERRYTON,  s-p.  of  the  Eastern  Shore, 
Northampton  co.  Va. 

CHERRYVILLE,  t.  Rapides  parish,  La. 

CHERRYVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa.; 
212  m.  from  W. 

CHERRY  VALLEY,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.; 
14  m.  NE.  from  Coopcrstown,  53  W.  from  Al 
bany,  384  from  W.  Pop.  4,098.  Here  is  a 
large,  handsome,  and  finely  situated  village, 
which  contains  an  academy,  a  meeting-house, 
a  printing-office,  and  has  considerable  trade. 
The  1st,  2d,  and  3d  Western  Turnpikes  meet 
here,  and  are  intersected  by  other  large 
roads. 

CHESADAWD  LAKE,  N.  America,  about 
210  m.  NE.  by  E.  of  the  E.  end  of  Slave  Lake, 
in  the  Hudson  Bay  Company's  territory. 

CHESAPEAKE  BAY,  of  United  States, 
n  the  states  of  Virginia  and  Maryland,  and 
one  of  the  largest  in  the  known  world.  Its 
entrance  is  between  Cape  Charles  and  Cape 
Henry,  12  m.  wide,  and  it  extends  270  m.  to 
the  northward,  dividing  Virginia  and  Mary 
land.  It  is  from  7  to  20  in.  broad,  and  gene 
rally  as  much  as  9  fathoms  deep;  affording 
many  commodious  harbors,  and  a  safe  and 
easy  navigation.  It  receives  the  waters  of  the 
Susquehannah,  Potomac,  Rappahannock,  York, 
and  James  rivers,  which  are  all  large  and 
navigable. 

CHESAPEAKETOWN,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md. ; 
100  m.  from  W. 

CHESHIRE  TOWNSHIP,  Gallia  co.  Ohio. 

CHESHIRE,  co.  SW.  part  of  N.  H.  bound 
ed  N.  by  Grafton  co.  E.  by  Hillsborough  co.  S, 
by  Massachusetts,  and  W.  by  Vermont.  Chief 
towns,  Charlcstown,  Keene,  and  Walpole.  Pop. 
27,016. 

CHESHIRE,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. ;  17  m. 
NNE.  from  Lenox,  120  W.  from  Boston,  404 
from  W.  Pop.  1,049.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  window  glass,  and  is  celebrated  for  its  ex 
cellent  cheese. 

CHESHIRE,  t.  New  Haven,  co.  Ct  ;  15  m 
N.  from  New  Haven,  318  from  W.  Pop.  1,764. 
It  contains  a  respectable  Episcopal  academy, 
which  has  a  principal  and  a  professor  of  lan 
guages.  The  anniversary  is  held  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  October. 

CHESNUT  RIDGE,  mt.  which  extends 
from  Maryland  NE.  through  Fayette  and 
Westmoreland  cos.  Pa. 

CHESNUT  CREEK,  branch  of  the  Ken- 
hawa  in  S.  part  of  Va. 

CHESNUT  HILL,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa 
on  N.  side  of  Blue  Mountain. 

CHESNUT  HILL,  t.  Stafford  co.  N.  H. ;  58 
from  Concord. 

CHESNUT  HILL,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa. 
8  m.  N.  from  Philadelphia. 

CHESNUT  HILL,  t.  Orange  co.  Va. ;  40 
m.  NW.  from  Richmond. 
CHESNUT  HILL,  v.  Jackson  co.  Geo. 


CHESNUT  HILL,  t.  Hall  co.  Geo.;  80  in 
NNW.  from  Milledgeville. 

CHESNUT  HILL,  a  township  in  North 
ampton  co.  Pa. 

CHESTER,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt;  16  m.SW. 
from  Windsor,  447  from  W.  Pop.  2,320.  Here 
s  an  academy. 

CHESTER,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on  E. 
side  of  the  Merrimack  and  Manchester  ;  6  m 
NE.  from  Londonderry,  25  SSE.  from  Con 
cord,  31  W.  from  Portsmouth,  48  N.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  2,039.  It  is  a  considerable  town, 
and  of  large  extent.  Rattle  Snake  Hill  in  this 
town  is  a  great  curiosity.  Its  diameter  is 
half  a  mile,  its  form  circular,  and  its  height 
400  feet.  On  the  S.  side  there  is  a  dreary 
cave,  called  the  Devil's  Den,  with  a  narrow 
apartment  15  or  20  feet  square,  the  flooring  and 
ceiling  of  which  are  formed  by  a  regular  rock. 
From  the  wall  hang  numerous  excrescences 
resembling  pears,  which,  on  the  approach  of 
a  torch,  emit  a  lustre  with  innumerable  hues. 

CHESTER,  New,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H. ;  16 
m.  S.  from  Plymouth,  527  from  W.  Pop. 
1,090. 

CHESTER,  v.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  on  W.  side 
of  the  Connecticut;  6  m.  below  Haddam. 

CHESTER,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass. ;  20  m. 
NW.  from  Springfield,  120  W.  from  Boston, 
387  from  W.  Pop.  1,406. 

CHESTER,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  E.  of  the 
Hudson  ;  90  m.  N.  from  Albany,  439  from  W. 
Pop.  1,284. 

CHESTER,  East,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. ; 
4  m.  E.  of  the  Hudson,  40  N.  from  N.  York, 
243  from  W.  Pop.  1,300. 

CHESTER,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J. 

CHESTER,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
1,839. 

CHESTER,  t.  Lunenburg  co.  Nova  Scotia, 
in  Mahone  Bay,  25  m.  from  Windsor. 

CHESTER,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio. 

CHESTER,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio. 

CHESTER,  r.  W.  Florida,  runs  into  Pen- 
sacola  Bay. 

CHESTER,  v.  in  Goshen,  Orange  co.N.  Y.; 
115  m.  from  Albany. 

CHESTER,  co.  Pa. ;  bounded  by  Md.  SW. 
Lancaster  W.  Berks  NW.  Montgomery  NE. 
and  Delaware  co.  and  the  state  of  Delaware 
SE.  Length  about  38  m. ;  mean  width  19  J  ; 
area  732  sq.  ms.  The  western  part  towards 
Lancaster  co.  is  hilly,  and  even  mountainous, 
whilst  those  sections  skirting  Maryland  and 
Delaware,  though  not  level,  are  much  less  ele 
vated  than  the  W.  and  NW.  parts  of  the  co. 
The  centre  is  drained  by  the  sources  of  the 
Brandy  wine,  Chester,  Ridley,  and  some  smaller 
creeks  entering  Delaware  river.  The  staples 
are  numerous,  consisting  of  every  article  of 
agricultural  production  suitable  to  the  climate. 
Chief  town,  West  Chester.  Pop.  50,908. 
'  CHESTER,  bor.  on  Delaware  river,  Dela 
ware  co.  Pa.  15  m.  SW.  from  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  700.  This  is  a  very  ancient  town,  and 
was  the  seat  of  the  first  legislature  after  the 
arrival  of  William  Penn,  but  has  long  been 
stationary  in  point  of  growth. 


CHE— CHI 


233 


CHESTER,  river  of  the  Eastern  Shore  of 
Maryland  and  Kent  co.  in  Delaware ;  rises  in 
the  latter,  and  flowing  nearly  SW.  into  the 
former,  separates  Queen  Anne  and  Kent  cos. 
and  falls  into  the  Chesapeake  Bay  at  Love 
Point. 

CHESTER,  dist.  of  S.  C.  on  Wateree  river ; 
bounded  by  Fairfield  S.  Broad  river  or  Union 
W.  York  N.  Catawba  river  or  Lancaster  E. 
Length  22,  width  18  m. ;  area  about  400  sq. 
ms.  Surface  pleasantly  diversified  by  hill  and 
dale,  and  well  watered.  Soil  of  middling 
quality.  Staples,  grain,  tobacco,  live  stock, 
&c.  Chief  town,  Chesterville.  Pop.  19,182. 

CHESTER,  t.  and  cap.  Chester  district,  S.  C. ; 
22  m.  from  Pinckney  C.  H.  58  NW.  from  Co 
lumbia. 

CHESTER,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  NW.  from 
Wooster. 

CHESTER,  t.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. ;  20  m. 
SSW.  from  Winchester. 

CHESTER,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Va.  on  SW. 
bank  of  James  river ;  6  m.  S.  from  Richmond. 

CHESTER,  Clinton  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,254. 

CHESTER  GAP,  pass,  over  the  Blue 
Mountains,  in  Virginia ;  16  m.  SE.  from  Win 
Chester. 

CHESTER  RIDGE,  mountains,  Pa.  in 
which  iron  and  lead  ores  are  found ;  140  m. 
WNW.  from  Philadelphia. 

CHESTERFIELD,  co.  Va.;  bounded  N. 
by  James  river,  which  separates  it  from  Hen- 
rico  co.  E.  and  S.  by  the  Appomatox,  and  W. 
by  Powhatan  co.  The  C.  H.  is  12  m.  SSW. 
from  Richmond,  138  from  W.  Pop.  18,637. 
Chief  town,  Manchester. 

CHESTERFIELD,  district,  N.  part  S.  C. 
Pop.  8,472. 

CHESTERFIELD,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H. 
on  E.  side  of  the  Connecticut,  opposite  Dum- 
merston;  11  m.  WSW.  from  Keene,  100  W. 
from  Portsmouth,  435  from  W.  Pop.  2,046. 
It  contains  a  cotton  manufactory,  and  an 
academy. 

CHESTERFIELD,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass. ; 
15  m.  WNW.  from  Northampton,  105  W.  from 
Boston,  398  from  W.  Pop.  1,417. 

CHESTERFIELD,  t.  Essex  county,  N.  Y. 
bounded  N.  by  Sable  river,  and  E.  by  Lake 
Champlain;  18  m.  S.  from  Plattsburg,  497 
from  W.  Pop.  1,671.  Adgate's  Falls,  on 
Sable  river,  in  this  town,  is  a  cataract  of  80  ft. 
The  channel  has  perpendicular  walls  on  each 
side,  1  mile  long,  and  nearly  100  feet  high,  and 
as  regular  as  a  work  of  art.  There  is  a  bridge 
across  this  channel  96  feet  above  the  water. 
In  the  SW.  part  of  the  town  there  is  a  cavern 
in  which  ice  is  found  throughout  the  year. 
Iron  ore  abounds  in  this  town. 

CHESTERFIELD, t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.Y. 

CHESTERFIELD,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J 
Pop.  1,839. 

CHESTERFIELD  INLET,  an  inlet  ex 
tending  about  200  m.  westward  from  the  N 
end  of  Hudson's  Bay.  The  entrance  to  the  in 
let  is  in  lat.  63°  30'  N.  Ion.  90°  40'  W.  Its 
mean  breadth  is  about  15  m. 

CHESTER  FACTORY,  t.  Hampden   co. 
Mass. ;  7  m.  SE.  from  Chester. 
2E 


CHESTERFIELD,  Key,  N.  side  of  the 
island  of  Cuba. 

CHESTERTOWN,  port  of  entry  and  cap. 
Kent  co.  Md.  on  Chester  r.  about  14  m.  from 
its  confluence  with  the  Chesapeake,  45  ESE. 
from  Baltimore,  77  SW.  from  Philadelphia,  80 
from  W.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
Methodist  meeting-house,  about  150  houses, 
and  has  some  trade.  Washington  College, 
which  was  incorporated  in  1782,  is  in  this 
town,  and  a  handsome  brick  building  180  feet 
long,  and  3  stories  high,  has  been  erected,  but 
the  institution  has  never  assumed  the  form  of  a 
college,  and  the  building  is  appropriated  to  the 
accommodation  of  a  Latin  and  an  English 
school. 

CHESTERVILLE,  t.  Kent  co.  Md. ;  66  m. 
NE.  from  Annapolis. 

CHESTERVILLE,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me. ; 
30  m.  NW.  from  Augusta,  637  from  W.  Pop. 
923. 

CHESUNCOOK,  lake,  Me. ;  10  or  15  m. 
NE.  from  Moosehead  lake.  The  western  and 
main  branch  of  the  Penobscot  passes  through 
it.  It  is  one  of  the  largest  lakes  in  Maine. 

CHETIMACHES,  lake  of  Louisiana,  be- 
twecn  the  Atchafalaya  and  Teche  rivers,  is 
about  40  m.  in  length,  with  a  breadth  of  from 
1  to  6  m.  It  is  shallow,  and  environed  by  a 
low,  annually  inundated  and  uninhabited  coun. 
try.  At  high  water,  it  communicates  in  every 
direction  with  the  Atchafalaya,  and  in  aL  sea 
sons,  at  its  SE.  extremity,  with  the  Teche  r. 

CHEVIAUX,  Point  aux,  on  the  N.  shore  of 
Lake  Ontario,  and  to  the  E.  of  the  river  Gana- 
rasha,  U.  Canada. 

CHEVROTIERE,  r.  Canada,  falls  into  the 
St  Lawrence  from  the  N.  40  m.  above  Quebec. 

CHEWS,  r.  Maryland,  which  runs  into  the 
Chesapeake. 

CHIANTLA,  t.  Mexico,  40  m.  SW.  from 
Peubla  de  los  Angelos. 

CHI  APA,  province,  Guatimala,  bounded  W. 
by  Oaxaca,  S.  by  Guatimala,  E.  by  Vera  Paz 
and  Yucatan,  N.  by  Vera  Cruz. 

CHIAPA  DOS  ESPAGNOS,  or  Ciudad 
Real,  cap.  of  the  above  province,  300  m.  NW. 
from  Guatimala.  Lon.  93°  23'  W. ;  lat.  17°  N. 
Pop.  3,000.  Its  principal  commerce  is  in  co 
coa-nuts,  cotton,  wool,  sugar,  and  cochineal. 

CHIAPA  DE  LOS  INDIOS,  the  largest 
Indian  town  in  Guatimala,  in  the  NW.  ex- 
tremity  of  the  country,  on  the  isthmus  of  Te- 
huantepec,  about  half  way  between  the  gulf 
of  Mexico  and  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  has  about 
20,000  Indian  inhabitants,  who  are  rich  and 
enjoy  many  privileges.  Lon.  93°  53'  W. ; 
lat.  17°  5'  N. 

CHIAPA-EL-REAL,  t.  in  N.  America,  in 
the  province  of  its  own  name,  with  a  bishop's 
see.  Its  principal  trade  consists  in  cocoa-nuts, 
cotton,  and  sugar.  Lon.  from  W.  16°  10'  W.; 
lat.  17°  10'  N. 

CHICAGO,  r.  or  arm  of  lake  Michigan,  at 
its  S.  end,  in  Illinois.  A  mile  from  the  lake  it 
divides  into  two  channels ;  the  N.  channel  ex 
tends  along  the  W.  side  of  the  lake,  about  30 
m. ;  the  S.  is  only  6  m.  long,  and  affords  a  se 
cure  harbor  for  vessels  of  almost  any  burden, 


234 


CHI— CHI 


but  has  a  bar  at  its  mouth  with  only  two  feet 
water.  This  obstruction  might  be  easily  re- 
inoved,  and  the  harbor  rendered  accessible. 
The  portage  from  Chicago  river  to  the  Des 
Planes,  one  of  the  two  branches  of  Illinois  r. 
is  9  m.  and  is  so  low  as  often  to  be  covered 
with  water  and  passed  in  boats.  A  canal  here 
is  contemplated,  and  could  be  made  with  little 
expense,  which  would  open  a  water  communi 
cation  between  the  Great  Lakes  and  the  Mis 
sissippi,  through  the  Illinois.  Haifa  mile  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Chicago,  is  Fort  Dearborn, 

CHICAPEE,  r.  Mass,  which  rises  in  Wor 
cester  co.  and  runs  SW.  into  the  Connecticut, 
in  the  N.  part  of  Springfield. 

CHICCAMAGGA,  r.  Ten.  which  runs  into 
the  Tennessee,  6  m.  above  the  whirl. 

CHICHESTER,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.  45 
m.  NW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  1,084. 

CHICKAPEE,  v.  in  the  SE.  part  of  Hamp- 
den  co.  Mass.  95  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Boston. 

CHICKAMAUGAH  CREEK,  r.  which 
rises  in  Georgia,  runs  through  a  part  of  Cher 
okee  country,  and  flows  into  the  Tennessee,  a 
few  miles  above  Lookout  mountain.  A  dis 
trict  of  country  through  which  it  flows  is  call 
ed  by  the  same  name,  and  contains  the  new 
missionary  station,  Brainerd. 

CHICKASAW,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into 
the  Wabash,  below  Vincennes. 

CHICKASAW,  r.  in  the  NW.  part  of  Ten 
which  runs  W.  into  the  Mississippi. 

CHICKASAW  BLUFFS,  four  in  number 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  Mississippi,  in  Mis.  The 
upper  bluff  is  176  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Ohio ;  it  is  between  200  and  300  feet  high,  and 
extends  2  m.  on  the  river.  The  other  three 
occur  at  the  successive  distances  of  11,  21  and 
32  m.  apart. 

CHICKASAWHAY,  v.  Mississippi,  50  m, 
W.  from  St.  Stephens. 

CHICKASAWHAY,  r.  Mis.  which  flows  S, 
near  E.  side  of  the  state,  and  joins  the  Pasca- 
goula,  about  40  m.  from  its  mouth. 

CHICKHOAMINY,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
the  James  r.  6  m.  NW.  from  Jamestown.  It 
is  navigable  for  boats  30  m. 

CHICKISALUNGO,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  Susquehannah,  a  little  above  Columbia. 

CHIDLEY,  cape,  on  the  NE.  coast  of  La 
brador,  has  Davis'  Straits  NE.  and  the  bay  of 
Ungava  SW.  Lon.  from  W.  12°  10'  E. ;  lat. 
60°  12'  N. 

CHIFUNCTE,  r.  La.  in  St.  Tammany,  has 
its  source  in  the  N.  part  of  that  parish,  flowing 
6SE.  50  m.  falls  into  lake  Ponchartrain  N.  from 
New  Orleans.  There  is  water  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Chifuncte  sufficient  to  admit  vessels 
drawing  6  or  7  feet,  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the 
Bogue  Falaya. 

CHIGNECTE,  bay  of  Nova  Scotia,  the 
NW.  arm  of  the  bay  of  Fundy. 

CHIHEMECOMET,  or  Chickminock-cumi- 
nock,  island,  on  the  coast  of  N.  C.  near  Roan- 
oke  Island. 

CHIHUAHUA,  state  of,  one  of  the  states 
of  the  republic  of  Mexico,  bounded  by  Duran- 
go,  Sonoray  Sinaloa,  and  Coahuila  y  Texas 
Capital,  Chihuahua.  N.  lat.  28°  and  Ion.  28° 


W.  from  W.  intersect,  according  to  Tanner's 
nap  of  Mexico,  about  75  m.  SW.  from  the  city 
of  Chihuahua.  A  very  great  deficiency  of 
water,  is  the  most  serious  impediment  to  the 
general  population  of  this  part  of  America,  and 
s  one  of  the  many  traits  of  resemblance  be- 
,ween  central  N.  America  and  central  Asia. 
The  seasons  of  what  was  the  Provincias  In-, 
ternas,  now  the  northern  states  of  Mexico, 
lave  winters  of  excessive  rigor,  even  more  so 
than  can  be  accounted  for,  either  from  latitude 
or  elevation  of  surface. 

CHIHUAHUA,  city,  capital  of  the  state  of 
;he  same  name,  in  the  republic  of  Mexico,  sit 
uated  near  the  river  Conchos,  a  branch  of  Rio- 
grand-del  Norte,  in  the  province  of  New  Bis 
cay.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  Internal  Prov 
inces,  and  environed  by  some  very  rich  mines. 
Pop.  12,000.  Lat.  28°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  20' 
W.  from  W. 

CHILESBURG,  v.  Caroline  co.  Va.  68  m. 
S.  from  W. 

CHILI,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  between  Black 
creek  and  Genesee  river,  10  m.  SW.  from  Ro 
chester.  Pop.  2,010. 

CHILLICOTHE,  t.  and  cap.  Ross  co.  Ohio, 
and  the  second  town  in  size  in  the  state,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Scioto,  45  m.  in  a  direct  line, 
and  70  by  water  from  its  mouth,  45  m.  S.  from 
Columbus,  70  SW.  from'Zanesville,  93  E.  by  N. 
from  Cincinnati.  Lon.  5°  20'  W.  from  W. ; 
lat.  39°  14'  N.  Pop.  2,846.  It  is  laid  out  on 
an  elevated  plain  between  Paint  creek  and  the 
Scioto.  The  streets  are  spacious,  and  cross 
each  other  at  right  angles.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  jail,  a  market-house,  2  printing-offi 
ces,  3  banks,  including  the  branch  bank  of  the 
United  States,  3  houses  of  public  worship,  1 
for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Seceders,  and  1  for 
Methodists,  and  an  academy.  In  the  town 
and  vicinity  are  many  valuable  mills  and  man 
ufactories.  The  situation  is  favorable,  and 
every  way  delightful ;  but  yet  it  did  not  flour 
ish,  until  the  grand  canal  was  cut  through  the 
town,  since  which  it  has  received  a  new  im 
pulse  towards  prosperity,  promising  that  it  will 
attain  the  importance  to  which  its  fortunate 
position  entitles  it.  In  the  midst  of  this  town 
formerly  stood  one  of  the  most  interesting 
mounds  of  the  cone-shaped  form.  In  levelling 
it  for  the  purpose  of  building  lots,  great  quan 
tities  of  human  bones  were  found  in  it. 

CHILLISQUAQUE,  or  Chilisguage,  town, 
Northumberland  co.  Pa.  It  lies  between  the 
E.  and  W.  branches  of  the  Susquehannah,  and 
is  watered  by  a  river  of  the  same  name,  which 
flows  into  the  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah, 
6  m.  above  Northumberland. 

CHILMARK,  t.  Duke's  co.  Mass,  on  SW. 
end  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  12  m.  W.  by  S.  from 
Edgartown,  90  S.  from  Boston.  Pop.  691. 

CHILNUCOOK,  or  Grand  Lake,  lake,  Me. 
at  the  head  of  the  St.  Croix. 

CHILO,  v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  95  m.  SW. 
from  Columbus. 

CHILPANZINCO,  city  of  Mexico,  situated 
on  the  S.  slope  of  Analuac,  3,542  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  ocean,  surrounded  by  beautiful 
fields  of  wheat  and  orchards,  on  the  road  from 


CHI— CHO 


235 


Mexico  to  Acapulco.  Lat.  17°  40'  N.;  Ion. 
22°  20'  W.  from  W. 

CHIMALAPA,  small  river  of  Mexico,  in 
Oajaca,  which  flows  S.  into  the  Gulf  of  Tehu- 
an  tepee. 

CHINA,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  25  m.  NE. 
from  Hallowell.  Pop.  2,234.  It  contains  an 
academy,  a  social  library,  and  2  houses  of  pub 
lic  worship,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Friends. 
It  was  taken  from  Harlem,  Fairfax,  and  Wins- 
low,  in  1818. 

CHINA,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  2,387. 

CHINA  GROVE,  t.  Georgetown  district, 
S.  C.  461  m.  from  W. 

CHINCHANCHI,  v.  Mexico,  10  m.  N.  from 
Merida. 

CHINE,  La,  v.  L.  C.  on  the  island  of  Mon 
treal,  7  m.  above  the  city.  It  is  the  centre  of 
all  the  commerce  between  Upper  and  Lower 
Canada.  Here  the  boats  of  the  N.  W.  company 
commence  their  voyage  for  the  interior  coun 
try  of  America.  It  is  intended  to  cut  a  canal 
from  La  Chine  to  Montreal,  by  which  a  direct 
communication  with  the  city  will  be  opened, 
and  the  difficult  passage  of  the  rapid  of  St. 
Louis  avoided. 

CHINGOTEAGUE,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlan 
tic,  near  the  coast  of  Virginia.  Lon.  75°  20' 
W. ;  lat.  37°  46'  N. 

CHINGOTEAGUE  INLET,  narrow  chan 
nel  between  two  islands,  near  the  coast  of  Vir 
ginia,  Lon.  75°  42'  W. ;  lat.  27°  52'  N. 

CHINNOOK,  r.  N.  America,  which  flows 
into  the  Columbia,  near  its  mouth. 

CHINNOOK  INDIANS,  N.  A.  on  the  Chin- 
nook  and  Columbia.  No.  400. 

CHIPOOK  CREEK,  r.  Virginia,  which  runs 
into  James  river. 

CHIPPEWAN,  mountains  of  N.  America. 
This  great  chain  is  the  principal  spine  of  that 
continent,  and  by  various  names,  extends  from 
the  isthmus  of  Darien  to  the  Frozen  ocean, 
through  60°  of  latitude,  or  4,150  m.  In  Mex 
ico,  it  is  known  by  the  general  term  Anahuac. 
Farther  N.  the  Spaniards  designate  it  as  the 
mountains  of  New  Mexico.  In  the  U.  S.  it  is 
known  as  the  Rocky  mountains.  In  Cabotia, 
or  British  America,  by  its  true  native  name 
Chippewan,  or  Chippewyan.  In  Mexico  and 
Guatimala,  it  rises  into  volcanic  summits,  ele 
vated  far  above  the  regions  of  perpetual  snow. 
Popocatepetl,  Citlaltepetl,  or  Peak  d'Orizaba, 
Pico  Frailes,  and  Coffrede  Perote,  all  rise  above 
13,500  feet.  In  the  U.  S.  the  elevation  of  this 
chain  remains  undetermined,  but  must  be  con 
siderable,  from  the  length  and  rapidity  of  the 
streams  flowing  from  its  opposite  sides. 

CHIPPEWAY,  small  r.  or  creek,  Lincoln 
co.  U.  C.  falls  into  Niagara  river,  at  the  village 
of  Chippeway. 

CHIPPEWAY,  v.  Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  on  Ni 
agara  r.  10  m.  above  Queenston,  2  above  Ni 
agara  falls.  Chippeway  creek  runs  into  the 
Niagara  at  this  place.  The  battle  of  Chippe 
way,  July  5,  1814,  was  fought  in  the  plain,  on 
the  S.  side  of  this  creek. 

CHIPPEWAY,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

CHIPPEWAY,  r.  NW.  Territory,  rung  into 


the  Mississippi  at  lake  Pepin,  in  Ion.  93°  54' 
W. ;  lat.  43°  45'  N.  There  is  a  short  portage 
between  this  river  and  the  Montreal,  a  water 
of  Lake  Superior. 

CHIPPEWAY,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  12  m; 
NE.  from  Wooster. 

CHIPPEWAYS,  or  Sauteurs,  Indians,  one 
of  the  most  numerous  and  powerful  tribes  in 
N.  America.  About  5,700  of  them  dwell  on 
Saganaw  bay,  in  Michigan  Territory ;  the  re 
mainder  are  scattered  in  petty  bands  along  the 
N.  border  of  the  U.  S.  They  maintain  a  per- 
petual  war  with  the  Sioux. 

CHIPPEWYAN,  Fort,  N.  America,  at  the 
SW.  end  of  Athapescow  lake.  Lon.  111°  W.; 
lat.  58°  40'  N. 

CHISHOLM'S  STORE,  t.  Montgomery 
co.  N.  C.  130  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

CHISWELL,  isles  off  the  NW.  coast  of  N. 
America,  group  lying  near  the  mainland,  be 
tween  cape  Elizabeth  and  Montague  island. 
Lon.  from  W.  71°  4'  W.;  lat.  59°  33'  N. 

CHITTENANGO,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  35 
m.  W.  from  Utica.  • 

CHITTENDEN,  co.  W.  side  of  Vt.  bound 
ed  N.  by  Franklin  co.  E.  by  Washington,  S.  by 
Addison,  W.  by  lake  Champlain.  Pop.  21,775. 
Chief  town,  Burlington. 

CHITTENDEN,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  30  m. 
NW.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  610. 

CHITTENHAM,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 

CHITTENINGO,  r.  N.  Y.  which  rises  in 
Cazenovia  and  runs  into  Oneida  lake ;  25  m. 
long. 

CHOCOLATE,  r.  NW.  Territory,  runs  in 
to  lake  Superior,  21  m.  W.  from  La  Train  r. 

CHOCONUT,  creek,  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 
flows  north-easterly  into  N.  York,  and  falls 
into  the  Susquehannah  river,  a  short  distance 
below  Chenango  Point. 

CHOCTAW,  r.  which  rises  in  Alabama,  and 
passes  through  West  Florida,  running  into 
St.  Rosa  bay. 

CHOCTAW,  or  Choctahatchee,  r.  Florida, 
which  rises  in  Alabama  and  discharges  its 
waters  into  St.  Rosa  Sound,  at  the  NE.  ex 
tremity. 

CHOICE'S  STORE,  t.  Gwinnet  co.  Geo. ; 
146  m.  NW.  from  Milledgeville. 

CHOLULA,  city,  of  Mexico,  in  Puebla ;  60 
m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Mexico.  Pop.  16,000.  Lat, 
19°  15'  N. 

CHOLULA,  ancient  republic  of  Mexico, 
corresponding  nearly  to  the  district  appertain 
ing  to  the  present  city  of  Cholula. 

CHOMONCHOUAN,  lake,  Canoda ;  219 
m.  NW.  from  Quebec.  Lon.  75°  40'  W.  lat. 
39°  20'  N. 

CHONA,  ancient  pyramid  of  Mexico,  in 
Puebla.  It  is  177  feet  high.  Lon.  21°  20' W. 
from  W.  lat.  19°  2'  N. 

CHOPTANK,  r.  which  rises  in  Delaware, 
and  runs  through  Md.  into  Chesapeake  Bay, 
S.  of  Tilghman's  Island. 

CHOPUNNISH,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  a 
branch  of  the  Kooskooshee,  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  Lon.  113°  W.  lat.  46°  30' N. 

CHOTA,  v.  Blount  co.  Ten. 


236 


CHO— CIN 


CHOWAN,  r.  N.  C.  formed  by  the  union 
of  3  rivers  in  the  state  of  Virginia,  which  runs 
into  Albemarle  Sound. 

CHOWAN,  co.  NE.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
6,688.  Chief  town,  Edenton.  Lat.  36°  10' 
N.  Ion.  0°  20  E.  from  W. 

CHRIST-CHURCH,  parish  in  Charleston 
district,  S.  C. 

CHRISTIAN,  co.  of  Ken.  on  Cumberland 
river ;  bounded  by  Tennessee  S.  Caldwell  SW. 
Hopkins  and  Miihlenberg  N.  and  Logan  E. 
•Length  42,  mean  width  25  m.  Chief  town, 
Hopkinsville.  Pop.  12,694, 

CHRISTIANA,  hundred,  in  N.  end  of  New 
castle  co.  Delaware.  Within  it  are  the  towns 
of  Wilmington  and  Newport. 

CHRISTIANA,  r.  Delaware,  which  rises 
in  Pa.  unites  with  the  Brandywine,  and  flows 
into  the  Delaware.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels 
drawing  14  feet  of  water  to  Wilmington,  for 
those  drawing  9  feet  to  Newport,  and  for  those 
drawing  6  feet  to  Christiana-Bridge.  Length 
20m. 

CHRISTIANA,  or  Christiana-Bridge,  t. 
Newcastle  co.  Delaware,  on  the  Christiana; 
9  m.  SW.  from  Wilmington,  36  SW.  from 
Philadelphia,  100  from  W.  It  has  about  50 
houses. 

CHRISTIANSVILLE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co. 
Va.  on  the  Meherrin,  251  m.  from  W. 

CHRISTIAN  SOUND,  a  large  arm  of  the 
Pacific  ocean,  N.  of  Cape  Decision.  Lon.  225° 
50'  E.  lat.  56°  13'  N. 

CHRISTIANSBURG,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Montgomery  co.  Va.  40  m.  SW.  from  Fincas- 
tle,  and  220  SW.  by  W.  from  Richmond.  Lat. 
37°  14'  N.  Ion.  3°  12'  W.  from  W. 

CHRISTOPHER,  St.  or  St.  Kitt's,  one  of 
the  Leeward  Islands  in  the  W.  Indies,  60  m. 
W.  of  Antigua.  It  was  formerly  inhabited  by 
the  French  and  English;  but,  in  1713,  it  was 
ceded  to  the  latter.  It  is  20  m.  in  breadth, 
and  7  in  length,  and  has  high  mountains  in 
the  middle,  whence  rivulets  flow,  which  are 
of  great  use  to  the  inhabitants.  It  was  taken 
by  the  French  in  1782,  but  restored  the  next 
year.  Basseterre  is  the  capital. 

CHUM  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
the  Chesapeake,  Ion.  76°  14'  W.  lat.  39°  22'  N. 

CHUN'S  STORE,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ten. ;  200 
m.  E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

CHURCH  CREEK,  t.  Dorchester  co.  Md. ; 
7  m.  SW.  from  Cambridge. 

CHURCH  FORT,  on  Hudson's  Bay,  at  the 
mouth  of  Church-hill  river.  Lat.  59'  N.  Ion. 
17°  W.  from  W. 

CHURCH  HILL,  v.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C. 

CHURCH  HILL,  v.  Spartanburg  district, 
S.  C. ;  544  m.  from  W. 

CHURCH  HILL,  t.  Queen  Ann's  co.  Md. ; 
9  m.  NE.  from  Centreville,  85  SW.  from  Phil 
adelphia,  80  from  W. 

CHURCHILL,  Cape,  in  Hudson's  Bay. 
Lon.  95°  5'  W.  lat.  58°  54'  N. 

CHURCHILL  RIVER,  Missinnippi,  or 
English  River,  r.  N.  America,  which  falls  into 
Hudson's  Bay,  in  lat.  59°  N.  at  Churchill 
Fort. 

CHURCH  TRACT,  t  Allegheny  co.  N.  Y. 


CHURCH  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  Curri- 
tuck  Sound,  near  the  coast  of  N.  C. 

CHURCHTOWN,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.;  30 
m.  ENE.  from  Lancaster,  50  WNW.  Phila 
delphia,  137  from  W. 

CHURCHVILLE,  v.  Middlesex  co.  Va.;  80 
m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Richmond. 

CHYENNE,  or  Chayenne,  r.  La.  which  runs 
into  the  Missouri,  1,310  m.  from  the  Missis 
sippi. 

CICERO,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  on  SW. 
side  of  Oneida  Lake ;  57  m.  W.  from  Utica. 
Pop.  1,808. 

CINALOA,  formerly  a  province  of  Mexico, 
but  now  forming  the  S.  part  of  the  intendency 
of  Sonora. 

CINALOA,  t.  Mexico,  on  Cinaloa  river, 
which  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  California.  Lat. 
25°  50'  N. 

CINCINNATI,  a  large  commercial  city  and 
capital  of  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  near  the  SW. 
corner  of  the  state,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio 
river,  20  m.  above  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Mi 
ami,  93  W.  by  S.  from  Chillicothe,  175  NE. 
from  Louisville,  102  NNE.  from  Frankfort, 
465  below  Pittsburg  by  water.  Lon.  7°  25' 
W.  from  W.  lat.  39°  6'  N.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out,  in  a  pleasant  and  healthy  situation,  the 
streets  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles. 
The  growth  of  Cincinnati  has  been  rapid, 
almost  without  a  parallel.  In  1800,  the  popu 
lation  was  500;  in  1810,  2,540;  in  1815,  it 
was  estimated  at  6,500 ;  in  1820,  it  was  9,642, 
and  in  1830,  it  was  26,515.  Its  position  is  a 
beautiful  vale,  twelve  miles  in  circumference 
created  by  an  eliptical  sweep  of  Ohio  hills. 
Such  of  these  eminences  as  have  not  been  laid 
bare  by  the  unsparing  hand  of  progressive  im 
provement,  are  beautifully  wooded  to  their 
summits ;  and,  by  the  swell  and  indentation  of 
their  waving  outline,  present  to  the  view  of  the 
beholder  the  most  graceful  and  charming  forms. 
From  the  summit  of  any  of  these  hills,  the 
town  is  distinctly  presented  to  the  eye,  and 
spreads  a  panoramic  map  of  exquisite  beauty 
and  variety.  Cincinnati  is  the  most  flourish 
ing  commercial  town  in  the  west,  except  New 
Orleans  :  and  furnishes  perhaps  the  most  sig 
nal  example  of  that  spirit  and  capacity  for  im 
provement,  which  result  from  the  existence  of 
free  institutions,  and  are  destined  to  fill  the  Mis 
sissippi  valley  with  a  teeming  population.  Seven 
of  the  streets  are  66  feet  wide,  and  396  apart,  in 
tersected  by  streets  of  the  same  width  and  dis 
tance  at  right  angles.  One  entire  square,  and 
the  fraction  of  another,  are  reserved  in  central 
parts  of  the  city  for  public  buildings.  The 
city  buildings  cover  an  irregular  area  nearest 
the  form  of  a  parallelogram.  The  central 
parts  are  compactly  built  with  houses  and 
stores  that  would  ornament  any  town.  The 
most  showy  quarters  are  Main,  Broadway,  and 
Fourth-street,  westward  from  its  intersection 
with  Main.  Pearl-street  nearly  completed, 
leading  from  the  lower  Market  to  Walnut-st. 
is  composed  of  uniform  buildings,  terminated 
by  a  magnificent  hotel,  five  stories  high,  and 
will  add  greatly  to  the  beauty  of  that  part  of 
the  city.  The  public  buildings  are  a  court- 


CIN— CIN 


237 


CINCINNATI  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


house,  jail,  four  market-houses,  one  of  them 
500  feet  in  length,  the  Bazaar,  U.  S.  Branch 
Bank,  the  Cincinnati  College,  the  Catholic 
Athenaeum,  the  Medical  College,  for  which  a 
second  spacious  and  commodious  building  is 
being  erected,  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  Thea 
tre,  and  a  second  one  now  being  erected,  two 
Museums,  the  Hospital  and  Lunatic  Asylum, 
and  the  Woodward  High  School  in  the  pro 
gress  of  erection.  Some  other  public  build 
ings  are  in  contemplation.  Beside  these,  there 
are  24  churches,  great  and  small.  Of  these 
the  Second  Presbyterian  church  is  the  hand 
somest,  the  exterior  being  of  agreeable  archi 
tecture,  and  the  interior  decidedly  beautiful. 
The  Unitarian  church  is  a  singularly  neat  one. 
The  interior  of  the  Catholic  church  is  striking. 
The  first  and  third  Presbyterian  churches  are 
spacious  buildings,  as  the  new  Methodist 
church  will  be  when  completed.  A  very  neat 
Baptist  church  is  nearly  completed.  Some  of 
the  other  churches  make  a  respectable  appear 
ance.  There  are  many  fine  blocks  of  stores 
on  Front  and  Main  streets,  and  the  eye  is 
arrested  by  many  beautiful  private  habitations. 
Architectural  taste  is  daily  becoming  more  en 
lightened  and  agreeable.  The  dull  red  of  the 
brick  walls  is  giving  way  to  more  pleasing 
shades  between  white  and  green ;  and  a  beau 
tiful  stucco  imitating  marble  and  granite  is 
getting  into  fashion.  The  number  of  substan 
tial  buildings  added  annually  to  the  city  for 
three  years  past  averages  450.  It  has  already 
become  a  great  manufacturing  town,  and  is 
constantly  becoming  more  so.  Our  limits  pre 
clude  details ;  but  all  the  substantial  manu 
factures  known  in  our  country  are  carried  on 
to  a  greater  or  less  extent.  The  manufactures 
in  iron  are  very  great,  particularly  in  the  arti 
cle  of  heavy  castings,  and  all  sorts  of  machi 
nery  driven  by  steam.  Of  such  establishments 
there  are  9  or  10,  and  some  of  them  on  a  great 
ecale.  The  next  most  extensive  article  is  cabi 


net  work.  Steam-boat  building  is  a  great 
item.  Hatting  is  pursued  to  a  great  extent. 
It  is  believed  that  the  city  contains  at  least  40 
manufacturing  establishments  driven  by  steam. 
There  are  two  fire  companies,  and  34  charita 
ble  societies,  and  25  religious  societies,  in 
which  most  of  the  religious  opinions  of  Chris 
tendom  are  represented,  and  whose  mutual 
watchfulness  of  each  other  educes  concord 
from  jealousy,  by  hindering  the  hurtful  pre 
dominance  of  any  one  of  them,  and  enabling 
each  to  pursue  its  respective  interests  unmo 
lested  and  in  peace.  Though  the  imperfect 
filling  out  of  the  magnificent  plan  of  the  city, 
the  cumbering  of  the  streets  with  timber,  stone, 
bricks,  and  mortar,  and  the  inconvenience  of 
actual  building  present  an  image  of  crudeness 
and  immaturity,  it  needs  little  spirit  of  prophe 
cy  to  predict  from  the  past  to  the  future,  that 
this  city,  which  will  be  shortly  central  to  more 
than  two  millions  of  inhabitants,  which  pre 
sents  the  greatest  variety  of  models  in  the  the 
ories  and  imaginings  of  strangers  from  all 
parts  of  the  world,  which  evolves  the  germs  of 
emulation  and  rivalry  to  a  fault,  and  which 
abounds  in  provisions,  natural  wealth,  fuel, 
and  ah1  the  materials  of  building,  and  which  is 
moreover  a  healthy  town,  will,  in  the  course 
of  a  few  years,  vie  in  beauty  and  population 
with  the  first  towns  in  the  Union. 

The  buildings  of  the  Cincinnati  Manufac 
turing  Company,  on  the  bank  above  Deer 
creek,  are  numerous  and  extensive  ;  the  main 
edifice  is  150  feet  long,  from  20  to  37  feet 
wide,  and  from  two  to  four  stories  high. 

The  most  capacious,  elevated  and  perma 
nent  building  in  this  place,  is  the  Steam  Mill, 
rected  in  the  years  1812,  '13,  and  '14  on  the 
river  beach,  upon  a  bed  of  horizontal  lime-stone 
rocks,  and  in  high  floods  is  for  its  whole 
length  exposed  to  the  current  The  founda 
tion  is  62  by  87  feet,  and  about  10  feet  thick. 
Its  height  is  110  feet,  and  the  number  of  sto- 


238 


CIN— CLA 


ries  9,  including  2  above  the  eaves.  To  the 
height  of  40  feet,  the  wall  is  battered  or 
drawn  in ;  above,  it  is  perpendicular.  The 
cornice  is  of  brick,  and  the  roof  of  wood,  in  the 
common  style.  It  has  24  doors  and  90  win 
dows.  The  lime-stone  with  which  it  was  built 
was  quarried  at  various  places  in  the  bed  of 
the  river,  and  measures  in  the  wall  6,620 
perches.  Besides  this,  it  swallowed  up  90,000 
bricks,  14,800  bushels  of  lime,  and  81,200  cubic 
feet  of  timber.  Its  weight  is  estimated  at 
15,655  tons.  Through  the  building  there  is  a 
wall  dividing  each  story  into  two  unequal 
apartments,  the  one  designed  for  manufactur 
ing  flour,  the  other  for  receiving  wool  and  cot- 
ton  machinery,  a  flax-seed  oil-mill,  fulling-mill, 
and  several  other  machines. 

CINCINNATUS,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y.; 
14  m.  SE.  from  Homer,  140  W.  from  Albany, 
354  from  W.  Valuable  iron  ore  is  found  here. 

CINTHIANA,  t.  and  cap.  Harrison  co.  Ken. 
on  a  branch  of  the  Licking  river,  13  m.  N. 
from  Paris,  24  N.  from  Lexington.  Pop.  in 
1810, 369.  It  contains  a  bank,  academy,  court 
house,  and  jail. 

CIRCLEVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice  in 
Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  on  the  E.  side  of  Scioto 
river,  in  Ion.  5°  5',  W.  from  W.  lat.  39°  36' 
N.  26  m.  below  Columbia.  Pop.  1,136.  It 
derives  its  name  from  some  ancient  works  in 
a  rude  circular  form,  on  the  site  of  which  it  is 
situated.  The  adjacent  country  is  amongst 
the  most  fertile  of  the  Ohio  valley. 

CITY  POINT,  v.  Prince  George  co.  Va. 
on  the  S.  side  of  James  river,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Appomatox ;  100  m.  above  Hampton 
Roads,  12  E.  from  Petersburg,  25  SE.  from 
Richmond,  158  from  W.  Lon.  77°  32'  W. 
lat.  37°  18'  N.  James  river  is  navigable  to 
this  place  for  large  ships,  which  come  up  here 
to  load. 

CLACKAMUS,  r.  Oregon  Territory,  joins 
the  Wallaumut. 

CLAIBORNE,  co.  Ten.  between  Clinch 
and  Powell's  rivers;  bounded  by  Va.  N.  by 
Hawkins  co.  Ten.  E.  Clinch  river,  or  Granger, 
and  Knox  SE.  and  Powell's  river,  or  Camp 
bell,  NW.  Length  40  m.  mean  width  10. 
Chief  town,  Tazewell.  Pop.  8,470. 

CLAIBORNE,  co.  Miss.;  bounded  NW.  by 
Mississippi  and  Big-black  rivers,  and  S.  by 
Jefferson.  Length  32  m.  mean  width  12. 
Chief  town,  Gibson-port.  Pop.  9,818. 

CLAIBORNE,  Fort,  t.  on  the  left  bank  of 
Alabama  river,  in  Monroe  co.  Ala.  at  the  head 
of  schooner  navigation,  25  m.  E.  from  Fort  St. 
Stephens. 

CLAIR,  St.  a  lake  of  N.  America,  between 
the  lakes  Huron  and  Erie,  90  m.  in  circum 
ference.  It  receives  the  waters  of  the  lakes 
Superior,  Michigan,  and  Huron,  and  also  of 
the  river  Thames,  from  U.  Canada,  in  the  lat. 
of  42°  32'  N.  and  discharges  them,  through 
the  strait  called  Detroit,  into  the  lake  Erie. 

CLAIR,  St.  a  county  in  the  state  of  Illinois, 
the  W.  side  of  which  borders  on  the  Missis 
sippi  river,  in  lat.  38°  30'  N.  Pop.  7,092  Chief 
town,  Belleville. 


CLAREMONT,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.  on  E. 
side  of  the  Connecticut;  11  m.  N.  by  E.  from 
harlestown,  24  N.  from  Walpole,  25  S.  by  W. 
from  Dartmouth  College,  47  W.  by  N.  from 
Concord,  466  from  W.  Pop.  2,526.  The 
principal  village  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Su 
gar  river,  4  m.  E.  of  the  Connecticut,  and  con- 
tains  2  handsome  meeting-houses,  1  for  Con- 
gregationalists,  and  1  built  jointly  by  Metho 
dists  and  Universalists,  a  paper-mill,  and  seve 
ral  other  valuable  mills.  There  's  an  Episco 
pal  church  2£  m.  W.  of  this  village 

CLARENCE,  or  Wittink,  t.  Niagara  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  Tonnewanta ;  280  m.  W.  fi-om 
Albany,  412  from  W. 

CLARENCE,  Duke  of,  straits,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  N.  America,  between  Duke  of  York 
and  Prince  of  Wales  Islands ;  and  between 
Prince  of  Wales  Island  and  Point  Barry.  Lon 
56°  W.  from  W.  lat.  56^>  30'  N. 

CLARENDON,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.30  m.  W. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,585. 

CLARENDON,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  13  m. 
W.  from  Rochester,  S.  from  Erie  canal,  and 
SE.  from  Batavia. 

CLARIDON,  v.  Geauga  co.  Ohio;  270  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus.  Pop.  588. 

CLARK,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio. 

CLARK,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio. 

CLARK,  co.  II.  on  the  waters  of  Kaskaskia 
and  Little  Wabash.  Pop.  in  1820,  931 ;  in 
1830,  3,940. 

CLARK,  co.  Ark.  boundaries  and  area  un 
certain.  Pop.  in  1820, 1,040 ;  in  1830,  1,369. 

CLARK,  C.  H.  Clarke  co.  II  110  m.  NE 
from  Vandalia. 

CLARKE,  C.  H.  Clarke  co.  Ark.  75  m.  from 
Little  Rock. 

CLARKE,  co.  In.  bounded  by  the  Ohio  r. 
SE.,  Harrison  SW.,  Washington  W.  and  NW., 
Jennings  N.,  and  Jefferson  NE.  Chief  town, 
Charleston.  Pop.  1320,  8,079 ;  1830,  10,719. 

CLARKE,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Kentucky  r. 
N.,  Madison  and  Fayette  SW.,  Bourbon  NW., 
Montgomery  NE.,  and  Estill  SE. ;  length  25 
m. ;  mean  width  8.  Chief  town,  Winchester. 
Pop.  in  1820,  11,449 ;  in  1830,  13,052. 

CLARKE,  co.  Geo.  bounded  by  Jackson 
NW.,  Madison  NE.,  Oglethorpe  E.,  Greene  S., 
and  Morgan  SW. ;  length  21  m. ;  mean  width 
11.  Chief  town,  Athens.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,867 ; 
in  1830, 10,176,  of  whom  4,738  were  people 
of  color. 

CLARKE,  co.  Ala.  bounded  W.  by  Tombig- 
bee  river,  N.  by  Marengo,  and  E.  by  Monroe. 
Chief  town,  Jackson.  Pop.  in  1820,  5,839; 
in  1830,  7,584. 

CLARKESBOROUGH,  Jackson  co.  Geo. 
on  a  branch  of  Oconee  river,  10  m.  S.  from 
Jefferson. 

CLARKSBURG,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass,  on 
Hoosack  river,  33  m.  NNW.  from  Lenox.  Pop. 
in  1820,  274;  in  1830,  315. 

CLARKSBURG,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Md.  on 
the  road  from  Washington  city  to  Frederick- 
town,  25  m.  from  the  former,  and  15  from  the 
latter  place. 

CLARKSBURG,  t.  and  seat  of  justice  for 


CLA— CLI 


239 


Harrison  co.  Va.  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Mon- 
ongahela,  40  ms.  SSW.  from  Morgantown. 
Lat.  39°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  3°  20'  W. 

CLARKSBURG,  v.  Habersham  co.  Geo.  140 
m.  NW.  from  Augusta. 

CLARKSBURG,  v.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  16  m. 
NW.  from  Chillicothe. 

CLARKSBURG,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Lewis 
co.  Ken.  on  a  creek  of  Ohio  river,  25  m.  by 
land  NNW.  from  Washington,  Ken.  Lat  38° 
44'  N.;  Ion.  from  W.  6°  10'  W. 

CLARK'S  FORK,  r.  one  of  the  great  branch 
es  of  the  Yellow-stone,  falls  into  that  stream 
from  the  S.  about  100  m.  above  the  mouth  of 
Bighorn  river. 

CLARKSON,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  in 
1820,1,612;  in  1830,  3,251. 

CLARK'S  RIVER,  the  great  middle  branch 
of  Columbia  r.  rises  in  the  Chippewan  moun 
tains,  interlocking  with  the  sources  of  the  Mis 
souri,  flows  SW.  W.  and  NW.  by  a  course  of 
about  800  m.  joins  Lewis'  river,  and  forms  the 
Columbia. 

CLARKSTOWN,  t  and  seat  of  justice, 
Rockland  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  in  1820, 1,808 ;  in 
1830,  2,298. 

CLARKESVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Montgomery  co.  Ten.  on  the  point  of  land 
formed  by  the  junction  of  Cumberland  and  Red 
rivers,  45  m.  by  land  below  Nashville.  Lat. 
36°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  10°  11'  W. 

CLARKESVILLE,  t.  Clarke  co.  In.  at  the 
lower  part  of  the  rapids  of  Ohio. 

CLARKSVILLE,  v.  Clinton  co.  Ohio,  85  m. 
SW.  from  Columbus. 

CLARKSVILLE,  Greene  co.  Pa. 

CLARKSVILLE,  v.  Wayne  co.  Pa. 

CLARKSVILLE,  v.  King  and  Queen  co. 
Va.  50  ms.  NE.  from  Richmond. 

CLARKSVILLE,  v.  Habersham  co.  Geo. 
140  m.  N.  from  Milledgeville. 

CLARKSVILLE,  v  Pike  co.  Miso.  on  Mis 
sissippi  r.  83  m.  NNW.  from  St.  Charles,  and 
93  NNW.  from  St.  Louis. 

CLARKSVILLE,  v.  Clark  co.  Ala.  12  m. 
NE.  from  St.  Stephens. 

CL AVERACK,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
in  1820,  2,813  ;  in  1830,  3,000.  The  village 
of  the  same  name  is  situated  5  m.  E.  from 
Hudson. 

CLAY,  co.  Ken.  on  the  head  waters  of  Cum 
berland  and  Kentucky  r.  bounded  by  Knox  co. 
SE.,  Rockcastle  W.,  Madison,  Estill,  and  Floyd 
E. ;  length  50  m.  mean  width  about  40,  area 
2,000  sq.  ms.  Chief  town,  Manchester.  Pop. 
in  1820,  4,393 ;  in  1830,  3,549. 

CLAY,  C.  H.  Clay  co.  Miso.  286  m.  up  the 
Missouri  r.  above  St.  Charles,  and  300  from 
St.  Louis. 

CLAY-PONDS,  light-house,  on  Cape  Cod, 
Massachusetts. 

CLAYSVILLE,  v.  Washington  co.  Pa.  on 
the  U.  S.  turnpike  road,  10  m.  W.  from  the 
borough  of  Washington,  20  E.  from  Wheeling. 
This  village  contains  30  houses,  in  one  street 
along  the  road. 

CLAYSVILLE,  v.  Harrison  co.  Ken.  48  m. 
NE.  from  Frankfort. 


CLAYTON,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  E.  from 
Somerset.  Pop.  907. 

CLAYTON'S  STORE,  v.  Campbell  co.  Va. 

CLAYTONVILLE,  v.  Raburn  co.  Geo.  160 
m.  NNW.  from  Milledgeville. 

CLEAR  CREEK,  Ohio,  empties  into  the 
Miami  from  the  E.  below  Franklin. 

CLEAR  CREEK,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  9  m. 
SW.  from  Lancaster.  Pop.  1,174. 

CLEAR  CREEK,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 

144. 

CLEAR  CREEK,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  309. 

CLEARFIELD,  co.  in  the  central  part  of 
Pa.  on  a  creek  which  runs  into  the  W.  branch 
of  the  Susquehannah.  Pop.  in  1820,  2,342; 
in  1830,  4,803.  Chief  town,  Clearfield. 

CLEARFIELD,  t,  and  cap.  Clearfield  co. 
Pa.  situated  in  the  central  part  of  the  county, 
on  the  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah. 

CLERMONT,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  15  m.  below  Hudson,  45  below  Alba 
ny.  Pop.  1,203.  The  elegant  country-seat  of 
the  late  Robert  R.  Livingston  is  in  this  town. 

CLERMONT,  co.  SW.  part  of  Ohio,  on  the 
Ohio  r.  Pop.  20,466.  Chief  town,  Batavia. 

CLEVELAND,  t.  and  cap.  Cuyahoga  co. 
Ohio,  on  the  mouth  of  Cuyahoga  r.  on  Lake 
Erie,  54  m.  NW.  from  Warren,  150  NE.  from 
Columbus,  60  E.  from  Sandusky,  180  W.  from 
Buffalo,  131  NW.  from  Pittsburg.  During  the 
late  war,  it  was  a  depot  of  provisions ;  and  a 
place  where  many  boats  and  lake  craft  were 
built ;  and  it  is  a  noted  point  of  embarkation 
on  the  lake.  It  is  a  growing  place,  having  4 
churches,  a  court-house,  jail,  an  academy,  180 
houses,  40  stores,  9  groceries,  6  taverns,  and 
1,200  inhabitants.  Lat.  41°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  from 
W.  4°  44'  W.  The  great  Ohio  canal  here  con 
nects  with  the  lake.  This  town,  intermediate 
between  Buffalo  and  Cincinnati,  and  the  depot 
of  the  vast  amounts  of  merchandise  destined 
E.  and  W.  will  not  fail  soon  to  become  an  im 
portant  town. 

CLEVES,  t.  King  George's  co.  Va.  on  the 
Rappahannock,  2  m.  N.  from  Port  Royal. 

CLEVES,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  at  the  N. 
bend  of  the  Ohio,  16  m.  W.  from  Cincinnati. 

CLIFFORD,  t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 

CLINCH,  r.  Ten.  rises  in  Va.  and  running 
SW.  into  Tennessee,  unites  with  the  Holston 
at  Kingston  to  form  the  Tennessee  r.  It  is 
navigable  for  boats  200  m. 

CLINCH  MOUNTAIN,  Ten.  divides  the 
waters  of  Clinch  and  Holston  rivers. 

CLINTON,  t  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  26  m.  N. 
from  Augusta.  Pop.  2,125. 

CLINTON,  co.  in  the  NE.  part  of  N.  Y. 
bounded  N.  by  Canada,  E.  by  Lake  Champlain, 
S.  by  Essex  co.  and  W.  by  Franklin  co.  Pop. 
in  1820, 12,070;  in  1830,  19,344.  Chief  town, 
Plattsburg.  It  forms  the  NE.  boundary  of 
the  state. 

CLINTON,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson  r.  below  Hudson.  Pop.  2,130. 

CLINTON,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C. 

CLINTON,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oriskan- 
ny  creek,  9  m.  WSW.  from  Utica.  Hamilton 


340 


CLI— COL 


college,  near  this  village,  was  incorporated  in 
1812,  and  from  the  liberal  support  given  ,by 
public  and  private  patronage,  is  a  flourishing 
institution.  It  is  under  the  direction  of  a  pres 
ident,  3  professors,  and  2  tutors.  The  studies 
of  which  a  knowledge  is  necessary  in  order  to 
admission  into  the  freshman  class,  are  Virgil, 
Cicero's  Select  Orations,  Greek  Testament,  and 
Vulgar  Arithmetic.  The  following  is  the 
course  of  study  :  1st  year,  Livy,  five  books, 
Adams'  Antiquities,  GraDca  Minora,  Gresca 
Majora,  Neilson's  Exercises,  Murray's  Gram 
mar,  Geography,  Arithmetic,  and  Algebra; 
2d  year,  Graeca  Majora  continued,  Geography 
continued,  Cicero  de  Oratore,  Horace,  Euclid, 
'Webber's  Mathematics,  and  Flint's  Surveying; 
3d  year,  Webber's  Mathematics  finished,  En- 
field's  Philosophy,  Tacitus,  Homer,  Tyler's  El 
ements  of  History,  and  Chemistry ;  4th  year, 
Duncan's  Logic,  Locke  on  the  Human  Under 
standing,  Paley's  Moral  Philosophy,  Blair's 
Lectures,  and  Kaimes'  Elements  of  Criticism. 
For  tuition  each  student  pays  for  the  first  two 
years  $21  per  annum,  for  the  other  two  years 
$30  per  annum,  room  rent  $9,  and  for  board 
from  $1,75  to  $2.  Commencement  is  held  on 
the  4th  Wednesday  of  August.  There  are  3 
vacations;  the  1st,  from  commencement,  6 
weeks ;  the  2d,  from  the  2d  Wednesday  in 
January,  3  weeks ;  the  3d,  from  the  2d  Wed 
nesday  in  May,  4  weeks. 

CLINTON,  co.  of  Lincoln,  U.  C.  on  Lake 
Ontario. 

CLINTON,  co.  Ohio,  on  the  waters  of  Little 
Miami,  bounded  by  Warren  W.,  Greene  and 
Fayette  N.,  Clinton  E.,  Highland  SE.,  and 
Brown  S. ;  length  22  m.,  mean  width  18.  Chief 
town,  Wilmington.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,085;  in 
1830,  11,292. 

CLINTON,  v.  Parke  co.  In.  on  the  right 
bank  of  Wabash  r.  Lat.  39°  40',  Ion.  from  W. 
10°  20'  W. 

CLINTON,  v.  Anderson  co.  Ten.  on  the 
right  bank  of  Clinch  r.  150  m.  a  little  N.  of  E. 
from  Murfreesborough.  Lat.  36°  5',  Ion.  from 
W.  7°  12'  W. 

CLINTON,  v.  Samson  co.  N.  C.  about  70 
m.  S.  from  Raleigh. 

CLINTON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Jones  co. 
Geo.  22  m.  W.  from  Milledgeville.  Lat.  33° 
1'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  6°  48'  W. 

CLINTON  HOLLOW,  Dutches*  co.  N.  Y. 
is  situated  between  the  townships  of  Rhine- 
beck  and  Poughkeepsie,  and  lies  along  Hudson 
river.  The  post-office  is  90  m.  S.  from  Albany. 

CLINTONVILLE,  v.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y. 
145  m.  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Albany. 

CLYDE,  r.  of  Orleans  co.  Vt.  which  falls 
into  Lake  Memphremagog,  at  its  SE.  corner. 

CLYDE,  v.  on  the  great  western  canal,  in 
Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  18  m.  NE.  from  Geneva,  and 
25  NW.  from  Auburn. 

CLYDE  RIVER,  of  N.  Y.  formed  by  the 
outlet  of  Canandaigua  Lake,  and  Mud  creek. 
These  two  latter  unite  at  Lyons,  in  Wayne  co. 

CLYMER,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 

COALMINES,  v.  Chesterfield  co.  Va. 

COALSMOUTH,  v.  Kenhawa  co.  Va. 


COATESVILLE,  r.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

COBBESSECONTE,  r.  Kennebeck  co.  Me. 
is  formed  of  two  branches  which  unite  in  Gar 
diner,  and  falls  into  the  Kennebeck. 

COCHRANVILLE,  Chester  co.  Pa. 

COCKE,  co.  E.  Ten.  bounded  by  N.  C.  SE., 
Sevier  and  Jefferson  W.,  Jefferson  N.,  Greene 
NE.;  length  22  m.,  mean  width  17.  Chief 
town,  Newport.  Pop.  in  1820,  4,892 ;  in  1830, 
6,048. 

CODORUS,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  on  the  Codorus. 

COD'S  FERRY,  v.  Wabash  co.  II. 

COEYMANS,  t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  11  m.  below  Albany.  Pop.  2,723, 

COFFEY'S  FERRY,  v.  Pulaski  co.  Ken. 

COHANZY,  or  Caesarea  creek,  N.  J.  rises 
in  Salem  co.  and  passing  through  Cumberland 
co.  falls  into  Delaware  river  opposite  Bombay 
Hook.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  100  tons 
to  Bridgeton,  20  m.  from  its  mouth. 

COHASSET,  s-p.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  25  m. 
E.  from  Dedham,  25  SE.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,229.  Cohasset  rocks,  which  have  been  fatal 
to  many  vessels,  lie  off  this  place,  3  m.  from 
the  shore. 

COITSVILLE,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  16  m. 
SE.  from  Warren. 

COKALAHISKIT,  r.  Oregon  Ter.  rises  in 
the  Rocky  mountains,  and,  after  a  course  of 
about  300  m.  enters  Clark's  r.  a  branch  of  the 
Columbia,  in  Ion.  113°  W.,  lat.  about  47°  N. 

COLCHESTER,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on 
Lake  Champlain,  at  the  mouth  of  Onion  river, 
5  m.  N.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  1,489. 

COLCHESTER,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  15 
m.  W.  from  Norwich,  25  SE.  from  Hartford. 
Pop.  2,083.  Bacon  Academy,  in  this  town, 
was  founded  in  1801.  Its  funds  are  $30,000. 
It  is  a  flourishing  institution,  and  has  annually 
about  90  scholars.  The  academy  building  is 
of  brick,  75  feet  by  34. 

COLCHESTER,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  21 
m.  S.  from  Delhi.  Pop.  1,424. 

COLCHESTER,  t  Fairfax  co.  Va.  on  Oc- 
coquam  creek,  4  m.  above  its  confluence  with 
the  Potomac,  16  m.  SW.  from  Alexandria,  106 
N.  from  Richmond.  The  creek  is  navigable 
to  this  place  for  boats. 

COLD  CREEK,  Ohio,  runs  N.  and  falls  into 
Sandusky  bay,  a  little  W.  from  Sandusky.  Its 
source  is  a  large  spring  in  the  township  of 
Margaretta,  covering  an  acre  and  a  half  of 
ground.  A  number  of  mills  are  erected  on 
the  creek. 

COLDENHAM,  v.  in  Montgomery,  Orange 
co.  N.  Y. 

COLD  SPRING,  v.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  at  the 
bead  of  a  small  bay  of  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  38  m.  from  New  York. 

COLD  SPRING,  v.  Cape  May  co.  N.  J. 

COLD-SPRING  COVE,  near  Burlington, 
N.J. 

COLD-STREAM  MILLS,  v.  Hampshire 
co.  Va. 

COLEBROOK,  t.  Coos  co,  N.  H.  10  m.  N. 
from  Lancaster,  111  N.  from  Concord.     Pop. 
542. 
COLEBROOK,  t  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  18  m. 


COL— COL 


241 


NNE.  from  Litchfield.  Pop.  1,274.  Here  are 
iron-works,  and  several  mills  on  Still  river,  a 
water  of  Farmington  river. 

COLEBROOK  DALE,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  1,046. 

COLERAINE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  5  m. 
NW.  from  Greenfield.  Pop.  1,877. 

COLERAINE,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,088. 

COLERAINE,  t.  Bertie  co.  N.  C. 

COLERAINE,  v.  Camden  co.  Geo.  on  the 
St.  Mary's  river,  30  m.  above  St.  Mary's. 

COLERAINE,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.  Pop.  986. 

COLERAINE,  t.  Ross,  co  Ohio,  15  m.  NE. 
from  Chillicothe. 

COLERAINE,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Miami  river,  15  m.  above  its  junction  with  the 
Ohio. 

COLE  RIVER,  N.  H.  runs  into  Connecti 
cut  river,  at  Walpole, 

COLE  RIVER,  Va.  runs  into  the  Kenhawa 
from  the  S. 

COLES,  v.  Woodford  co.  Ken.  13  m.  from 
Lexington. 

COLESVILLE,  v.  Windsor  co.  N.  Y. 

COLESVILLE,  v.  Chesterfield  co.  Va. 

COLIMA,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  inten- 
dency  of  Guadalaxara,  on  the  frontiers  of  Val- 
ladolid ;  it  is  seated  at  the  foot  of  a  volcanic 
mountain,  about  300  m.  due  W.  from  the  city 
of  Mexico,  upon  the  banks  of  a  small  river, 
about  30  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  in  the  lat.  of  18°  40'  N.  The  inter 
vening-  country  between  the  town  and  the  sea 
is  very  fertile.  Pop.  of  the  town,  about  2,500. 

COLLETON,  district  S.  C.  bounded  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  and  Charleston  district  SE., 
Beaufort  SW.,  Barn  well  andOrangeburgh  N  W 
and  part  of  Charleston  NE. ;  length  57  m., 
mean  width  30.  Staples,  rice,  cotton,  and  to 
bacco.  Chief  town,  Waterborough.  Pop.  in 
1820,  26,373 ;  in  1830,  27,256. 

COLLINSBURG,  Centre  co.  Pa. 

COLORADO,  or  Riviere  Rouge,  r.  La.  which 
runs  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  50  m.  below 
New  Orleans. 

COLUMBIA,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by 
Rensselaer  eo.  E.  by  Massachusetts,  S.  by 
Dutchess  co.  and  W.  by  the  Hudson.  Pop.  in 
1820,  38,330  ;  in  1830,  39,952.  Chief  town, 
Hudson. 

COLUMBIA,  co.  N.  part  of  Georgia.  Pop. 
12,606,  of  whom  8,135  are  blacks.  Chief 
town,  Applington. 

COLUMBIA,  District  of,  see  page  149. 

COLUMBIA,  t  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on  E.  side 
of  the  Connecticut,  19  m.  N.  from  Lancaster, 
570  from  W.  Pop.  442. 

COLUMBIA,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  on 
Pleasant  River,  18  m.  SW.  from  Machias,  332 
NE.  from  Boston,  757  from  W.  Lat.  44°  39' 
N.  Pop.  663. 

COLUMBIA,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  9  m.  W. 
from  Windham,  354  from  W.  Pop.  1,000. 

COLUMBIA,  v.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

COLUMBIA,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.,  on  E.  side 
of  the  Delaware,  20  m.  above  Easton. 

COLUMBIA,  co.  Pa.,  formed  from  a  part 


of  Northumberland  co.    Chief  town,  Danville. 
Pop.  an  1820, 17,621 ;  in  1830,  20,049. 

COLUMBIA,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.,  on  E. 
side  of  the  Susquehannah ;  10  m.  W.  from  Lan 
caster,  12  E.  from  York,  72  W.  from  Philadel 
phia,  98  from  W.  It  is  a  pleasant  and  flourish 
ing  town,  and  has  considerable  trade,  chiefly 
in  lumber.  It  contains  a  bank,  and  3  houses 
of  public  worship,  1  for  English  Presbyterians, 
1  for  German  Presbyterians,  and  1  for  Metho 
dists.  A  large  proportion  of  the  houses  are 
handsomely  built  with  brick.  Here  is  erected 
across  the  Susquehannah  an  excellent  covered 
bridge,  1}  mile  in  length,  which  cost  230,000 
dollars. 

COLUMBIA,  t.  Fluvanna  co.  Va.,  on  N. 
side  of  James  River,  at  the  junction  of  the  Ri- 
vanna ;  55  m.  WNW.  from  Richmond,  151  in. 
from  W.  It  has  considerable  trade  in  tobacco. 

COLUMBIA,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Ohio,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Little  Miami ;  5  m. 
E.  from  Cincinnati,  507  from  W. 

COLUMBIA,  t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio. 

COLUMBIA,  t.  Tyrrel  co.  N.  C. 

COLUMBIA,  t.  Richland  district,  S.  C.  It 
is  also  the  capital  of  the  state,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Congaree,  immediately  below  the  conflu 
ence  of  Broad  and  Saluda  rivers.  It  is  regu 
larly  laid  out,  upon  ground  considerably  ele 
vated  above  the  neighboring  streams.  Boats 
of  large  draught  ascend  thus  high,  and  a  steam 
boat  has  recently  been  built,  intended  to  ply 
between  Columbia  and  Charleston.  Besides 
the  ordinary  buildings,  suitable  to  legislative 
and  judicial  proceedings,  and  for  religious  pur 
poses,  a  college,  under  the  title  of  "  the  S.  C. 
College,"  was  established  in  this  town  in  1801, 
under  the  direct  patronage  of  the  state.  It  has 
9  instructors,  and  above  100  students,  with  an 
excellent  library,  exceeding  6,000  volumes.  It 
is  indeed  one  of  the  most  flourishing  institu 
tions  in  the  U.  S. ;  SW.  from  the  Potomac. 

COLUMBIA,  or  Oregon  river,  one  of  the 
largest  rivers  in  N.  America,  which  waters  the 
new  territory  of  Oregon.  It  rises  in  the  Rocky 
mountains,  about  lat.  55°  N.  and  running  SW 
falls  into  the  Pacific  ocean,  in  lat  46°  15'  N. 
between  Cape  Disappointment  on  the  N.  and 
Point  Adams  on  the  S.  The  whole  length  of 
the  river  is  estimated  at  1500  m.  Its  princi 
pal  branches  are  the  Wallaumut,  Lewis  r.  and 
Clarke's  r.  all  of  which  empty  on  the  SE.  side: 
the  first  125  m.  from  its  mouth,  the  second  413, 
and  the  third  about  600.  Vessels  of  300  tons 
may  ascend  the  Columbia,  as  far  as  the  mouth 
of  the  Wallaumut.  The  tide  flows  up  183  m. 
and  large  sloops  may  ascend  this  distance. 
Seven  miles  further  up  the  navigation  is  inter 
rupted  by  the  great  rapids.  Above  the  rapids 
the  river  is  navigable  for  65  miles,  till  it  is  in 
terrupted  by  the  long  narrows,  and  6  miles 
further  up  by  the  falls.  Above  the  falls  there 
are  no  obstructions  for  150  miles,  to  the  mouth 
of  Lewis  river.  The  portages  around  the  great 
rapids,  long  narrows,  and  falls,  are  in  all  5  miles. 

COLUMBIANA,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Pa. 
E.,  Jefferson  and  Harrison  S.,  Stark  W.,  and 
Portage  and  Trumbull  N. ;  length  30  m-  breadth 


242 


COM— CON 


30.  Surface  extremely  broken  and  hilly,  though 
the  soil  is  in  most  parts  fertile.  This  county 
abounds  in  iron  ore  and  mineral  coal,  and  with 
excellent  mill  streams.  Chief  town,  New  Lis 
bon,  Pop.  1820,  22,033 ;  in  1830,  35,508. 

COLUMBIANA,  t.  of  Columbiana  c.  Ohio, 
on  the  waters  of  Great  Beaver,  10  m.  NNE. 
from  New  Lisbon. 

COLUMBUS,  the  political  metropolis  of 
Ohio,  and  very  nearly  the  geographical  centre 
of  it.  It  is  situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the 
Scioto  river,  in  the  centre  of  Franklin  county, 
and  occupies  a  beautiful  slope,  just  below  the 
confluence  of  Whetstone  river  with  the  Scioto. 
It  was  a  compact  forest  in  1812.  It  now  has 
a  number  of  respectable  schools,  a  classical 
seminary,  the  customary  number  of  stores,  a 
bank,  four  printing-offices,  a  commodious  brick 
market-house,  a  state-house,  a  building  for  the 
public  offices,  a  penitentiary,  and  an  asylum 
for  the  deaf  and  dumb.  The  state-house  is  75 
by  50  feet.  The  top  of  the  cupola  is  106  feet 
high.  Around  it  are  railed  walks,  from  wlu'ch 
the  whole  town  is  visible  as  from  a  map.  It 
commands  a  delightful  landscape  over  a  coun 
try  charmingly  variegated,  as  extensive  as  the 
eye  can  reach.  The  village  of  Franklinton,  a 
mile  to  the  west,  and  the  winding  Scioto,  are 
comprehended  in  this  view.  The  building,  that 
contains  the  public  offices,  is  100  by  25  feet. 
In  a  line  with  it  and  the  state-house,  is  the 
handsome  court-house  for  the  Federal  court. 
These  buildings  are  all  on  the  public  square,  an 
area  of  10  acres,  reserved  for  public  use,  in 
the  centre  of  the  town.  The  penitentiary  is  in 
the  south-west  angle  of  the  tovvnr  and  inclosed 
with  a  high  stone  wall.  Immediately  below 
the  penitentiary  is  a  lateral  canal,  on  which 
canal-boats  have  already  floated  to  the  town, 
connecting  this  town  with  the  Ohio  and  Erie 
canal  11  miles  south.  This  will  greatly  add 
to  the  resources  of  the  town.  There  are  three 
churches,  of  which  the  Presbyterian  church  is 
spacious,  being  50  by  50  feet.  Manufactures 
have  commenced,  and  its  relations  to  the  canal 
will  give  a  new  impetus  to  their  growth.  The 
circumstance  of  its  being  the  political  metrop 
olis  of  its  great  state,  attaches  to  it  a  distin 
guished  and  polite  society.  It  is  a  striking 
example  of  the  creation,  no  longer  uncommon 
in  the  western  country,  of  a  town,  that  has 
grown  to  importance  in  a  few  years  from  the 
solid  forest.  It  is  in  N.  lat.  39°  57'  and  6° 
W.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  396  m.  from  Washington, 
551  from  New  York,  477  from  Philadelphia, 
575  from  Boston,  429  from  Baltimore,  991  from 
New  Orleans,  397  from  Nashville,  112  from 
Cincinnati,  and  45  above  Chillicothe.  Pop.  in 
1820, 1,400;  in  1830,  2,439. 

COLUMBUS,  L  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.,  12  m. 
NE.  Norwich.  Pop.  1,661. 

COLUMBUS,  co.  N.C.  Pop.  3,912.  Chief 
town,  Whitesville. 

COMBAHEE,  r.  S.  C.  runs  into  St.  Helena 
sound. 

COMBAHEE  FERRY,  on  the  Combahee 
r.  is  17  m.  from  Jacksonborough,  15  from  Po 
catahgo. 


COMITE,  r.  Mississippi  joins  the  Amitc,  12 
m.  E.  Baton  Rouge. 

COMMISSIONER'S  CREEK,  Geo.  runs 
nto  the  Oconee,  20  or  30m.  below  Milledgeville. 

COMMUNIPA,  v.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  on  N. 
York  bay,  2  m.  SW.  from  Paulus-Hook. 

CONAQUENESING  CREEK,  Pa.  joins 
the  Mahoning  12  m.  above  its  mouth. 

CONCHACHITOU,  t.  Mississippi,  on  the 
Pascagoula.  Long.  88°  43'  W.  lat.  32°  15'  N. 

CONCORD,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  and 
capital  of  the  state,  stands  on  the  Merrimack, 
42  m.  WNW.  from  Portsmouth,  62  NN  W.  from 
Boston.  Long.  71°  30'  W.  lat.  43°  12'  N.  The 
village  is  built  principally  on  two  streets  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  river,  and  contains  a  state- 
house,  state-prison,  Congregational  church,  and 
above  130  dwelling-houses.  The  state-house  is 
a  handsome  stone  building.  The  state-prison 
is  also  of  stone,  and  contains  36  cells.  In  1823 
the  courts  were  removed  from  Portsmouth,  and 
are  now  held  in  this  town.  By  means  of  Mer- 
rimack  river  there  is  a  boat  communication 
between  Concord  and  Boston.  Much  of  the 
trade  of  the  upper  country  centres  here.  Pop. 
in  1820,  2,838;  in  1830,  3,729. 

CONCORD,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  68  m.  N. 
from  Concord-  Pop.  1,126. 

CONCORD,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
r.  38  m.  ENE.  from  Montpelier. 

CONCORD,  r.  Mass,  formed  by  two  branch 
es,  which  unite  at  Concord,  whence  it  flows 
NE.  and  N.  with  a  gentle  current,  through 
Bedford  and  Billerica,  and  joins  the  Merrimack 
in  Tewkesbury.  Middlesex  canal  is  supplied 
with  water  from  this  river. 

CONCORD,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass,  on  Con- 
cord  river,  18  m.  NW.  from  Boston,  30  ENE. 
from  Worcester.  The  courts  of  the  county  are 
held  alternately  here  and  at  Cambridge.  The 
public  buildings  are  a  court-house  and  spacious 
stone  jail,  and  a  Congregational  church.  Here 
are  3  bridges  across  the  river.  In  this  town 
the  Provincial  Congress  met  in  1774 ;  and 
here  the  first  opposition  was  made  to  the  Brit 
ish  troops,  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775.  Pop.  in 
1820, 1,788 ;  in  1830,  2,017. 

CONCORD,  t.  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  S.  of  Buffalo, 
Pop.  2,786. 

CONCORD,  v.  Franklin  co.  Pa. 

CONCORD,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  on  a  branch 
of  Chester  creek,  21  m.  SW.  from  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  1,032. 

CONCORD,  t.  Erie  co.  Pa. 

CONCORD,  t.  Sussex  co.  Del. 

CONCORD,  v.  Campbell  co.  Va. 

CONCORD,  t.  capital  of  Cabarrus  co.  N.  C 
on  Rocky  river,  20  m.  SW.  from  Salisbury. 

CONCORD,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio 

CONCORD,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio. 

CONCORD,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  Vf.  from 
Chillicothe. 

CONCORD,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio. 

CONCORD,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio. 

CONCORD,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

CONCORD,  t.  Washington  co.  Missouri. 

CONCORDIA,  parish  of,  La.,  on  the  W 
side  of  the  Mississippi ;  bounded  by  the  Mil 


CON— CON 


243 


river  E.  and  SE.,  by  Red,  Black,  and  Tensau 
rivers  SW.  and  W.,  and  by  Washitan  N.; 
length  112  m. ;  mean  width,  15. 

CONCORDIA,  t.  and  cap.  Concordia  co. 
La.,  on  the  Mississippi,  opposite  Natches. 

CONECOCHEAGUE,  r.  rises  near  Mer- 
cersburg,  Pa.  and  runs  into  the  Potomac  at 
Williamsport,  Md.  8  rn.  S.  of  the  Pa.  line. 

CONECUH,  Co.  Ala.  bounded  by  Florida  S., 
Monroe  W.  and  NW.,  Butler  N.,  and  Coving- 
ton,  E.  Chief  town,  Sparta.  N.  lat.  31°  15'. 

CONECUH,  r.  Ala.,  receives  the  Escambia, 
and  runs  into  the  St.  Maria  de  Galvez,  an  arm 
of  Pensacola  bay.  It  is  navigable  200  miles. 

CONEDOGWINIT  CREEK,  Pa.  runs  E. 
into  the  Susquehannah,  a  little  above  Harris- 
burg1. 

CONEMAUGH  CREEK,  Pa.  rises  in  the 
Alleghany  mountains,  and  runs  into  the  Alle 
ghany,  29  m.  NE.  from  Pittsburg.  At  Chest 
nut  ridge  it  takes  the  name  of  Kiskemanitas. 
Conemaugh  salt-works  are  situated  in  West 
moreland  and  Indiana  counties,  on  both  banks 
of  this  creek,  1  m.  above  its  confluence  with 
the  Loyalhannon,  and  15  NE.  from  Greens- 
burg. 

CONESTOGA,  small  river  of  Lancaster  co 
Pa.,  rising  on  the  borders  of  Chester,  Berks, 
and  Lebanon  cos.  and  flowing  SE.  through 
the  centre  of  Lancaster  co.  falls  into  the  Sus 
quehannah  river,  about  10  m.  below  Columbia, 
and  an  equal  distance  SE.  from  the  city  of 
Lancaster.  It  flows  through  one  of  the  mos 
productive  parts  of  the  state. 

CONEWAGO,  creek  of  Pa.,  separating  Lan 
caster  and  Dauphin  counties,  and  falling  into 
the  Susquehannah  r.  4  m.  below  Middletown. 
CONEWAGO,  a  much  more  considerable 
stream  than  the  preceding,  rising  in  Adams 
co.  Pa.,  and  flowing  NE.  into  York,  over  wlricl 
it  passes  to  the  Susquehannah,  into  which  i 
falls  5  m.  below  Middletown. 

CONEWANGO  CREEK,  or  small  river  of 
N.  Y.  and  Pa.  It  is  formed  by  the  outlet  of 
Chatauque  lake,  and  other  large  creeks,  from 
Chatauque  and  Cataraugus  counties,  N.  Y 
These  unite,  and  turning  S.  enter  Warren  co 
Pa.,  falling  into  Alleghany  river  at  the  villagi 
of  Warren. 

CONNECTICUT,  the  great  river  of  Nev 
England.  It  has  its  source  on  tlie  N.  bordc 
of  N.  H.,  and  separates  New  Hampshire  fron 
Vermont,  passes  through  Massachusetts  an 
Connecticut,  and  flows  into  Long  Island  Soun 
between  Saybrook  and  Lime.  Its  genera 
course  is  S.  by  W.  till  it  reaches  Middletown 
Ct.,  after  which  it  has  a  SSE.  course  to  it 
mouth.  Its  whole  length  is  410  miles.  It  i 
navigable  for  vessels  drawing  10  feet  of  wate 
to  Middletown,  36  miles,  for  those  drawing 
feet  to  Hartford,  50  miles ;  and  by  means  o 
locks  and  canals,  it  has  been  rendered  naviga 
ble  to  the  Fifteen  Mile  Falls,  Bath,  N.  H.  25 
miles  above  Hartford.  The  boats  which  nav 
gate  the  river  carry  from  12  to  20  tons  in  de 
scending,  and  about  two-thirds  as  much  in  re 
turning.  The  falls  on  this  river,  which  hav 
been  remedied  by  artificial  means,  are  at  Ei 


eld,  Ct.  the  Willimantic,  South  Hadley,  MOB. 
ague,  Walpole,  Plainfield,  and  Lebanon.  Of 
hese  Bellows  Falls,  at  Walpole,  are  the  most 
emarkable.  The  perpendicular  fall  in  the 
iver,  which  has  been  overcome  by  means  of 
ocks  and  dams,  between  Springfield,  Mass, 
nd  Hanover,  N.  H.  a  distance  of  130  m.  is 
JOO  feet.  The  Connecticut  flows  through  a 
ine  country.  The  land  bordering  upon  it  in 
generally  of  an  excellent  quality,  and  there  are 
ipon  its  banks  many  beautiful  and  flourish- 
ng  towns,  among  which  are  Haverhill,  Hano- 
er,  Charlestown,  and  Walpole,  N.  H. ;  New- 
>ury,  Windsor,  and  Brattleborough,  Vermont ; 
Greenfield,  Hadley,  Northampton,  and  Spring 
field,  Mass. ;  Hartford,  Middletown,  &c.  Ct. 

CONNECTICUT,  -lake,  in  N.  part  of  N.H. 
t  is  the  source  of  the  principal  branch  of  the 
river  Connecticut;  5^  m.  long  and  2i  broad. 
Lat.  45°  2'  N. 

CONNECTICUT  RESERVE,  or  New  Con- 
necticut,  the  NE.  part  of  the  state  of  Ohio. 
The  extent  is  120  m.  from  E.  to  W.  and  52 
from  N.  to  S.  It  contains  4,000,000  of  acres  j 
comprises  7  counties,  Ashtabula,  Trumbull, 
3ortage,  Geauga,  Cuyahoga,  Medina,  and  Hu 
ron  ;  and  is  settled  principally  by  emigrants 
rom  the  states  of  Massachusetts  and  Connec 
ticut. 

CONNELLSVILLE,  bor.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 
on  N.  side  of  the  Youghiogeny ;  255  m.  from 
Philadelphia,  200  from  W.  Pop.  900.  It  has 
a  pleasant  and  elevated  situation,  and  com 
mands  a  handsome  prospect.  In  the  neigh- 
aorhood  of  the  town  there  are  several  mer 
chant  mills,  furnaces,  forges,  and  many  other 
mills.  The  river  is  navigable  to  this  town. 

CONNORSVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Fayette  co.  In.  on  White  Water  river,  65  m. 
SE.  by  E.  from  Indianapolis.  Lat.  39°  38'  N 

CONNOWINGO,  v.  near  Connowingo  Falls 
in  Susquehannah,  NW.  angle  of  Cecil  co.  Md. 
18  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Elkton,  and  35  NE. 
ftwn  Baltimore. 

CONOCOCHEAGUE,  r.  Pa.  which  is  form 
ed  by  two  branches,  one  of  which,  the  east 
branch,  rises  on  N.  side  of  South  Mountain  in 
Adams  co.  the  other,  the  W.  branch,  rises  in 
N.  side  of  North  Mountain,  in  Franklin  co. 
They  unite  3  m.  N.  of  Maryland  line,  and  the 
river  passes  through  that  state,  and  falls  into 
the  Potomac  at  WilKamsport. 

CONOLOWAY  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs 
into  the  Potomac,  near  Hancock's  Town,  in 
Maryland. 

CONSTABLE,  t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Canada  line;  14  m.  NW.  from  Malone,  235 
NNW.  from  Albany,  605  from  W. 

CONSTANTIA,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on 
N.side  of  Oneida  Lake;  439  m.from  W.  Pop. 
1,193.  Large  quantities  of  iron  ore  are  found 
here. 

CONSTANTIA,  v.  Acadia  district,  La.; 
1,315  m.  from  W. 

CONTOOCOOK,  r.  N.  H.  which  rises  in 
JafFrey  and  Rindge,  and  runs  NE.  into  the 
Merrimack. 

CONWAY,  t.  Stafford  co.  N.  H.  watered 


244 


CON— COR 


by  the  Saco;  75  m.  N.  from  Portsmouth,  555 
fromW.  Pop.  1,601. 

CONWAY,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.;  6  m. 
SW.  from  Greenfield,  100  W.  from  Boston,  403 
from  W.  Pop.  1,563. 

CONWAY,  t.  of  Sudbury  co.  N.  Brunswick, 
on  the  right  bank  of  St.  John's  river,  and  near 
the  Bay  of  Fundy. 

CONWAYBOROUGH,  v.  on  Waccamaw 
river,  Horry  district,  S.  C.  100  m.  NE.  from 
Charleston.  Lat.  33°  46'  N. 

CONWAYBOROUGH,  t.  Georgetown  dis 
trict,  S.  C. ;  462  m.  from  W. 

CONYNGHAM,  v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  in  Nee- 
copeck  Valley,  upon  the  turnpike,  leading  from 
Berwick  to  Bethlehem.  It  is  12  m.  from  the 
Susquehannah  at  Berwick,  and  18  m.  from  Le- 
high,  at  Lausanne.  It  is  built  upon  one  street, 
at  the  foot  of  the  Buck  Mountain. 

COOLIDGE  LANDING,  t,  Md.  on  the 
Patuxent ;  28  m.  SSW.  from  Annapolis. 

COOLSPRING,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
596. 

COOKSVILLE,  v.  Ann  Arundel  co.  Md. ; 
53  m.  from  Annapolis,  and  61  from  W. 

COOLVILLE,  v.  Athens  co.  Ohio,  110  m. 
SE.  from  Columbus. 

COOK'S  RIVER,  large  r.  of  N.  America, 
which  flows  into  the  N.  Pacific  ocean.  It  was 
discovered  in  1778,  by  Capt  Cook,  who  left  a 
blank  for  its  name,  which  was  filled  up  by  the 
Earl  of  Sandwich.  This  river  was  traced  as 
high  as  lat.  61°  30'  N.  which  is  above  70 
leagues  from  its  mouth,  in  Ion.  152°  W. 

COOKSTOWN,  v.  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Monongahela  river,  in  the  NW.  angle  of  Fay- 
ette  co.  Pa. ;  23  m.  SSE.  from  Pittsburg. 

COOKE'S  SETTLEMENT,  Miso.  on  the 
road  from  St.  Louis  to  Arkansas  and  Red 
rivers,  30  from  St.  Genevieve,  8  from  Murphy's 
Settlement. 

COOKE'STOWN,  v.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

COOPER,  t.  Washington  co.  Me.  Pop. 
200. 

COOPER,  r.  S.  C.  passes  along  the  E.  side 
of  the  <aty  of  Charleston,  and  meets  the  Ash 
ley,  in  Charleston  harbor.  A  canal  connects 
't  with  the  Santee,  and  opens  a  navigable  com 
munication  between  Charleston  and  the  inte 
rior  country, 

COOPER,  co.  Miso.  between  Osage  and 
Missouri  rivers.  Surface  of  the  country  diver 
sified,  with  considerable  prairie :  the  alluvial 
soil  of  the  rivers  is  of  first-rate  quality.  Chief 
town,  Boonville,  Pop.  6,019.  Lat.  of  Boon- 
ville,  the  seat  of  justice,  39°  53'  N.  15°  20' W. 
from  W. 

COOPER'S  FERRY,  from  Philadelphia  to 
the  upper  extremity  of  Camden  village,  Glou 
cester  co.  N.  J. 

COOPER'S  TOWN,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  on  Otsego  Lake,  W.  side  of 
its  outlet  into  Susquehannah  river.  The  situ 
ation  of  Cooperstown  is  in  a  high  degree  pic 
turesque  ;  the  lake  spreads  to  the  N.  between 
hills,  which  rise  on  both  sides  to  a  considera 
ble  elevation,  clothed  with  timber  to  their  sum 
mits.  The  village  is  compactly  built  on  une 
ven  ground,  on  the  W.  or  right  side  of  the 


outlet ;  66  m.  W.  from  Albany,  45  SE,  from 
Utica.  Lat.  42°  42'  N.  Ion.  2°  5'  E.  from  W 

COOPERSTOWN,  v.  Hartford  co.  Md. ;  12 
m.  NW.  from  Harford,  24  NE.  from  Balti 
more. 

COOS,  northern  co.  of  N.  H.  bounded  by 
Connecticut  river  NW.  by  L.  Canada  N.  by 
Maine  E.  by  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  S.  and  by 
Graflon  SW.  Length  84  m.  mean  width  20. 
The  highest  mountains  in  the  U.  States  are  in 
this  co. ;  the  White  Hills  rising  to  7,300  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  ocean.  Much  of  the 
soil  is .  productive  in  grain  and  pasturage. 
Chief  town,  Lancaster.  Pop.  1820,  5,549 ;  in 
1830,  8,390. 

COOSA  RIVER,  the  NW.  branch  of  the 
Alabama,  rises  in  the  NW.  part  of  Georgia, 
flowing  SW.  about  100  m.  enters  Alabama, 
and  gradually  turns  to  a  S.  course,  in  which 
direction  it  continues  200  m.  to  its  junction 
with  the  Tallapoosa.  It  is  beatable  generally 
to  Weetumka  falls,  7  m.  above  its  mouth,  and 
at  high  water,  to  the  junction  of  Etowlah  and 
Oostenalah  rivers  in  Georgia. 

COOSAWATCHY,  r.  S.  C.  falls  into  Port 
Royal  Sound. 

COOSAWATCHY,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Beaufort  co.  S.  C.  lying  on  the  Coosahatchie  r. 
about  75  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Charleston.  Lat. 
32°  32'  N.  Ion.  3°  58'  W.  from  W. 

COOSA  W  DA,  v.  Autauga  co.  Ala.  on  the 
right  bank  of  Alabama  river,  6  m.  below  the 
junction  of  the  Coosa  and  Tallapoosa  rivers, 
and  about  60  m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Cahawba. 

COOTSTOWN,  a  well-built  v.  of  Berks  ca 
Pa.  on  a  branch  of  Maiden  creek,  and  on  the 
road  from  Reading  to  Allentown,  17  m.  from 
each. 

COPENHAGEN,  v.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y. 

COPLEY,  t.  Medina  co.  Ohio. 

COPPER  RIVER,  NW.  Territory,  after  a 
course  of  300  m.  joins  the  Chippeway,  30  m. 
above  its  mouth. 

CORBEAU,  r.  Miso.  Ter.  the  largest  tribu 
tary  to  the  Mississippi  above  the  St.  Peters. 
Its  southern  branch  rises  near  the  sources  of 
the  St.  Peters  and  receives  the  NW.  branch 
called  the  Pemmisco,  whose  head  waters  are 
near  those  of  Red  river.  The  united  stream 
then  flows  180  m.  and  joins  the  Mississippi  in 
lat.  45°  49'  50"  N. 

CORE  SOUND,  on  the  coast  of  North  Car 
olina,  20  m.  long.  Lon.  77°  5'  W.  lat.  34° 
38'  N.  It  communicates  with  Pamlico  Sound 
on  the  N.  Beaufort  Inlet  leads  into  it  on  the  S. 

CORINTH,t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  at  the  fork 
of  the  roads,  18  m.  NW.  from  Bangor.  Pop. 
712.  It  is  a  fine  flourishing  town. 

CORINTH,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt. ;  41  m.  from 
Windsor.  Pop.  2,000. 

CORINTH,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1,412. 

CORNISH,  t.  York  co.  Me.  on  Saco  river, 
50  m.  from  N,  York.  Pop.  1,088. 

CORNISH,  t.  Sullivaji  co.  N.  H.  on  Con 
necticut  river,  16  m.  S.  from  Dartmouth  Col 
lege,  34  NW.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,687. 

CORNVILLE,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  11  m. 
ENE.  from  Norridgewock,  44  N,  from  Hal 


COR— COV 


245 


lowell.  Pop.  1,104,  Wesserunset  river  runs 
through  the  centre  of  the  town,  and  several 
mills  are  erected  on  it. 

CORNWALL,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Otter 
creek,  36  m.  S.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  1,120. 

CORNWALL,  t.  U.  C.  co.  of  Stormont,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  between 
Osnaburg  and  Charlottenburg. 

CORNWALL,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  on  the 
E.  side  of  Housatonnuc  river,  10  m.  NW.  from 
Litchfield.  Pop.  1,712.  There  is  a  Foreign 
Mission  School  in  this  place,  under  the  direc 
tion  of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners 
for  Foreign  Missions,  established  in  1817,  for 
the  purpose  of  educating  heathen  youth  from 
various  parts  of  the  world.  After  they  have 
received  their  education,  they  are  sent  home  to 
instruct  their  own  countrymen.  In  1821  the 
number  of  pupils  was  29 ;  of  whom  19  were 
American  Indians,  and  6  from  the  islands  of 
the  Pacific  ocean.  Sixteen  of  these  youth 
have  already  proceeded  to  different  missionary 
stations  well  qualified  for  usefulness. 

CORNWALL,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  below  Newburgh,  52  m.  N.  from  New 
York.  Pop.  3,486.  In  this  town  is  West 
Point. 

CORNWALL  BRIDGE,  v.  Litchfield  co. 
Con. 

CORRINA,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine.  Pop. 
1,077. 

CORRYSTOWN,  v.  in  Charleston,  Mont 
gomery  co.  N.  Y. 

CORNWALLIS,  t.  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
W.  coast ;  45  m.  NW.  from  Halifax. 

CORNWALLIS,  a  co.  of  L.  Canada,  ex- 
tending  for  about  160  m.  along  the  SE.  bank 
of  the  great  river  St.  Lawrence,  bounded  on 
the  NE.  by  the  district  of  Gaspe.  It  is  at 
present  but  thinly  inhabited. 

CORNWALLIS  POINT,  cape  of  North 
America.  Lon.  57°  W.  from  W.  lat.  57°  N. 

CORTLANDT,  t.  Westchcster  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  Hudson;  40  m.  N.  from  New- York. 
Pop.  3,054.  In  this  town  is  the  village  of 
Peekskill.  From  its  vicinity  to  the  great  com 
mercial  metropolis,  it  has  been  well  settled 
and  highly  improved. 

CORTLANDT,  co.  of  N.  Y.  on  the  heads 
of  the  Toniogo  river,  branch  of  Chenango, 
bounded  by  Tompkins  and  Cayuga  W.  Onon- 
dago  N.  Madison  NE.  Chenango  E.  and 
Broome  S.  Length  25,  mean  width  20  m. 
Chief  town,  Homer.  Pop.  1820,  16,507;  in 
1830,  23,791. 

CORTLANDT,  t  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y. 

CORTLANDT,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 

CORYDON,  t,  Harrison  co.  In.  on  Indian 
creek,  15  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Ohio  ; 
8  m.  E.  from  Blue  river,  25  SW.  from  Louis 
ville,  666  from  W.  Lat.  38°  15'  N.  Ion.  9° 
2'  W.  from  W.  It  was  commenced  in  1809, 
is  the  seat  of  justice  of  the  county,  and  con 
tains  a  court-house  and  jail.  N.  of  the  town 
is  an  extensive  region  of  barrens.  Pop.  1,500. 
Two  newspapers  are  published  here. 

COSDAUGA.     See  Casada  Lake. 

COSHECTON,  v.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Delaware  60  m.  W.  from  Newbury. 


COSHOCTON,  co.  Ohio,  oounded  by  Musk- 
ingum  S.  Licking  SW.  Knox  W.  Wayne  N 
Tuscarawas  E.  and  Guernsey  SE.  Length 
30  rn.  mean  width  30.  Surface  hilly,  and  soil 
varied.  Chief  town,  Coshocton.  Pop.  1820. 
7,086;  in  1830, 11,161. 

COSHOCTON,  t.  and  scat  of  justice,  Co 
shocton  co.  Ohio,  on  the  E.  side  of  Muskingum 
river,  opposite  to  the  mouth  of  White  Wo- 
man's  river.  Lat.  40°  17'  N.  Ion.  4°  55'  W. 
from  W. 

COSTON'S  INLET,  channel  between  two 
small  islands  of  N.  Jersey.  Lon.  74°  36'  W. 
lat.  39°  14'  N. 

COTTON-GIN-PORT,  Ala.  on  the  Tom- 
bigbee,  at  the  head  of  navigation ;  60  m.  S.  by 
W.  from  Florence. 

COTTON  PORT,  t.  Madison  co.  Ala.  on 
the  Limestone,  1  in.  above  its  entrance  into 
the  Tennessee,  about  100  from  the  falls  of  the 
Black  Warrior.  The  river  is  navigable  to  this 
place  for  keel  and  flat-bottomed  boats  at  all 
seasons.  The  town  was  laid  out  in  1818. 

COVENTRY,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  at  S.  end 
of  Lake  Memphremagog,  and  is  watered  by 
Black  river ;  60  m.  NE.  from  Montpelier.  Pop. 
728. 

COVENTRY,  t.  Graflon  co.  N.  H.;  9  m. 
E.  from  Haverhill.  Pop.  441. 

COVENTRY,  t.  Kent  co.  R.  I. ;  15  m.  SW 
Providence.  Pop.  3,851.  It  contains  a  paper- 
mill,  and  several  cotton  manufactories. 

COVENTRY,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  It  is  di 
vided  into  two  parishes  called  North  and  South 
Coventry.  There  is  a  Congregational  meet 
ing-house  in  each,  4  in.  apart.  The  N.  parish 
is  16  m.  E.  of  Hartford,  and  the  S.  20  m.  and 
about  the  same  distance  from  Norwich.  In 
the  S.  parish  there  is  a  natural  pond  or  lake, 
about  2£  m.  long  and  1  broad,  from  which,  by 
an  artificial  race,  flows  a  stream  of  water, 
affording  one  of  the  finest  collections  of  mill- 
seats  in  the  U.  States.  On  this  stream  are  al 
ready  two  cotton  manufactories,  one  woollen, 
two  machine  manufactories,  in  which  is  made 
machinery  of  the  first  quality,  a  saw-mill  and 
a  tannery.  In  the  N.  parish  there  is  a  glass 
house  and  several  tanneries.  Pop.  2,119. 

COVENTRY,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  20  m. 
SSW.  from  Norwich ;  148  m.  SW.  by  W.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  1,576. 

COVERT,  t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  1,791 

COVINGTON,  t.  Gencsee  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
2,716. 

COVINGTON,  t.  Campbell  co.  Ken.  sepa 
rated  from  Newport  by  Licking  river,  on  the 
Ohio,  opposite  Cincinnati.  It  is  very  finely 
situated,  and  the  streets  are  so  planned  that 
they  appear  to  be  a  continuation  of  those  of 
Cincinnati.  In  this  place  are  respectable  man 
ufacturing  establishments,  particularly  of  cot 
ton. 

COVINGTON,  t.  St.  Tammany's  co.  La. ; 
1,107  m.  from  W. 

COVINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  Washington  co. 
II.  on  Kaskaskias  river. 

COVINGTON,  co.  Ala.  bordering  on  Flo 
rida.  Pop.  1,522.  Chief  town,  Monte/urna. 

COVINGTON,  co.  Mis.  bounded  by  the 


246 


COU— CRO 


Choctaw  country  NW.  Wayne  E.  Perry  S. 
and  Lawrence  W.  Length  20  m.  mean  width 
25.  Chief  town,  Williamsburgh.  Pop.  2,549. 

COUNCIL  BLUFF,  on  E.  side  of  the  Mis 
souri,  a  little  above  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Platte,  800  m.  from  the  Mississippi.  Lon. 
96°  40'  W.  lat.  41°  30'  N.  This  place  is  oc 
cupied  by  the  U.  S.  as  a  military  post ;  and 
here  are  generally  stationed  a  few  companies 
of  infantry,  with  a  view  to  overawe  the  sur 
rounding  tribes  of  savages,  and  to  prevent,  as 
well  their  mutual  hostilities,  as  those  incur 
sions  which  they  might  otherwise  attempt 
against  the  frontier  American  settlers.  The 
position  is  a  very  important  one,  being  about 
halfway  between  St.  Louis  and  the  Mandan 
village,  and  at  that  point  on  the  Missouri, 
which  approaches  nearest  to  the  post  at  the 
mouth  of  St.  Peters,  with  which,  in  the  event 
of  hostilities,  it  may  co-operate.  It  is,  besides, 
in  the  centre  of  the  most  powerful  tribes,  and 
the  most  numerous  Indian  population,  west  of 
the  Mississippi. 

COURTABLEAU,  r.  La.  is  formed  by  the 
Crocodile  and  Boeuf,  and  joins  the  Atchafa- 
laya,  30  m.  W.  from  Baton  Rouge. 

COURTWRIGHT,  v.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 

COWDERSPORT,  t  and  cap.  Potter  co. 
Pa. 

COWFORD,  ford  in  St.  John's  river,  Flori 
da  ;  28  m.  N.  from  the  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river. 

COW  ISLAND,  Isle  de  Vaches,  in  Mis 
souri  river,  380  m.  above  its  mouth,  about  100 
above  Fort  Osage.  Here  the  expedition  to 
the  Yellow-stone  wintered  in  1818-19. 

COWPASTURE,  r.  Va.  one  of  the  princi 
pal  branches  of  James  river. 

COWPENS,  in  Union  co.  S.  C.  between 
Pacolet  and  Broad  rivers,  the  place  where  Gen. 
Morgan  defeated  the  British  under  Col.  Tarle- 
ton,Jan.  11,  1781. 

COWPERSHILL,  v.  Robertson  co.  N.  C. 

COXACKIE,  t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud 
son,  25  m.  S.  from  Albany,  8  above  Catskill 
Pop.  3,373.  There  are  three  landings  in  this 
town.  The  village  of  Coxackie  contains  150 
dwelling-houses,  and  a  church.  New  Baltimore 
was  set  off  from  the  NE.  part  of  this  town  in 
1811. 

COYAU,  settlement,  Tenn.  on  Tennessee  r 
30  m.  below  Knoxville. 

CRAB-BOTTOM,  or  Hulls,  v.  Pendleton 
oo.  Va. 

CRAB-ORCHARD,  v.  Washington  co.  Va. 

CRAB-ORCHARD,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Ken.  on 
Dick's  river,  8  m.  from  Cumberland  river,  25 
SE.  from  Danville. 

CR AFTSBURY,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  28  m.  N 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  700.  The  courts  of  the 
county  were  formerly  held  here. 

CRAIGIE'S  MILLS,  v.  Oxford  co.  Maine 

CRANBERRY,  r.  NW.  Territory,  which 
runs  into  the  SW.  end  of  Lake  Superior. 

CRANBERRY,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  9  m 
E.  from  Princeton,  16  SSW.  from  Brunswick 

CRANBERRY,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.    Pop.  800 

CRANBERRY,  island,  on  the  coast  of  Me. 
SE.  of  Mount  Desert. 


CRANE  ISLAND,  island  in  the  Potomac 
30  m.  SW.  from  Annapolis. 

CRANE  ISLAND,  narrow  island,  about  6 
m.  in  length,  in  Hunting  sound,  on  the  coast 
of  N.  C.  Lon.  76°  45'  W.  lat.  34°  40'  N. 

CRANEY,  small  isl.  Va.  in  Hampton  Road, 
at  the  mouth  of  Elizabeth  river ;  5  m.  SW.  from 
Fort  George.  There  is  a  strong  fort  on  thia 
island  which  defends  the  entrance  of  James 
and  Elizabeth  rivers;  and  in  the  last  war, 
;he  British  were  here  decisively  repulsed,  with 
great  loss,  in  an  attempt  against  Norfolk  and 
Jie  Constellation  frigate. 

CRANSTON,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.,  on  W. 
side  of  Narraganset  bay ;  5  m.  S.  from  Provi 
dence.  Pop.  2,651.  This  township  contains 
several  cotton  manufactories,  and  5  houses  of 
public  worship,  3  for  Baptists,  1  for  Friends, 
and  1  for  Methodists.  Here  is  found  iron 

e. 

CRAVEN,  co.  SE.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  14,325. 
Uhief  town,  Newbern. 

CRAWFORD,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.,  109  m. 
S.  from  Albany. 

CRAWFORD,  co.  Pa.,  bounded  by  Erie  N., 
Warren  E.,  Venango  SE.,  Mercer  S.,  and  state 
of  Ohio  W. ;  length  47  m.  mean  width  24. 
~:hief  town,  Meadville.  Pop.  in  1820,  9,397 ; 
in  1830,  16,005. 

CRAWFORD,  co.  Mich.  It  lies  west  of 
Lake  Michigan.  Pop.  in  1820,  492 ;  in  1830, 
692. 

CRAWFORD,  co.  In.  on  the  Ohio,  below 
ts  junction  with  Great  Blue  river ;  bounded  by 
Ohio  SE.,  by  Perry  SW.,  Dubois  W.,  Orange 
N.,  Washington  NE.,  and  Harrison  E. ;  length 
22  m.  mean  width  12.  Chief  town,  Fredonia. 
Pop.  in  1820,  2,583 ;  in  1830,  3,184. 

CRAWFORD,  co.  II.  bounded  by  Clarke 
N.,  Wabash  river  E.,  Edwards,  Wayne,  and 
Jefferson  S.,  and  Bond  W. ;  length  75  m.  mean 
width  35.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,024 ;  in  1830, 3,113. 

CREDIT  RIVER,  U.€.,  discharges  itself 
into  Lake  Ontario,  between  the  head  of  that 
lake  and  York,  in  the  Mississaga  territory.  It 
is  a  great  resort  for  these  and  other  Indian 
tribes,  and  abounds  in  fish. 

CRENDRIEK,  lake,  N.  Carolina. 

CRESAPSBURG,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Md.,  2 
m.  from  the  Potomac,  8  N.  from  Frankfbrd. 

CREWSVILLE,  t.  Goochland  co.  Va.,  lying 
on  the  S.  side  of  South  Anna  river,  a  branch 
of  Pamunkey  river,  20  m.  SE.  of  Columbia 
court-house,  and  122  from  W. 

CROGHANSVILLE,  t.  Ohio,  laid  out  in 
1817,  on  E.  bank  of  the  Sandusky,  opposite 
Fort  Stephenson,  12  m.  abeve  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  105  N.  from  Columbus. 

CROIX,  La,  lake,  Louisiana. 

CROOKED  CREEK  BRIDGE,  v.  Arm 
strong  co.  Pa. 

CROOKED  LAKE,  in  Steuben  and  Onta 
rio  cos.  N.  Y.,  between  Pulteney  and  Wayne, 
in  Steuben  co. ;  5  m.  W.  from  Seneca  Lake, 
18  miles  long,  1J  broad. 

CROOKED  CREEK,  r.  Pa.,  which  runs 
into  the  Alleghany,  8  or  9  m.  belong  Kittaning. 

CROOKED  ISLAND,  island  in  the  group 
of  Bahamas,  between  Crooked  Island  Passage 


CRO— CUM 


247 


and  Mayaguana  Passage.  Lon.  from  W.  2° 
40'  E.  lat.  22°  30'  N. 

CROOKED  ISLAND  PASSAGE,  NW. 
from  Crooked  Island,  and  stretching  from  the 
Old  Bahama  channel  to  the  Atlantic  ocean, 
between  Crooked  and  Yuma  or  Long  Island. 

CROOKED  RIVER,  Maine,  runs  into  Se- 
bago  pond,  after  a  SE.  course  of  about  40  m. 

CROOKED  RIVER,  Camden  co.  Geo.  runs 
into  the  Atlantic  between  the  Satilla  and  the 
St.  Mary's,  12  or  14  m.  N.  from  St.  Mary's. 

CROOKED  RIVER,  Illinois,  runs  into  the 
Illinois  from  the  NW.  75  m.  above  its  mouth. 

CROSBY,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Mi- 
ami,  opposite  Colerain.  Pop.  2,100. 

CROSS  ANCHOR,  v.  Spartanburg  co.  S.  C. 

CROSS  CAPE,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Florida 
Lon.  84°  50'  W.  lat.  46°  27'  N. 

CROSS  CREEK,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  2,000. 

CROSS  CREEK,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  3  m. 
W.  from  Steubenville.  Pop.  2,000. 

CROSS  CREEKS,  two  creeks  flowing  into 
Ohio  river ;  one  rises  in  Washington  co.  Pa. 
and  flowing  W.  falls  into  Ohio  river,  5  m.  be 
low  Steubenville ;  the  other  enters  directly  op 
posite  the  preceding,  from  Jefferson  co.  Ohio. 

CROSS  ISLAND,  on  the  coast  of  Maine 
at  the  entrance  into  Machias  bay.  Lon.  67° 
15' W. 

CROSS  KEYS,  v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

CROSS  KEYS,  v.  Union  co.  S.  C. 

CROSS  LAKE,  N.  Y.  on  the  borders  of 
Cayuga  and  Onondaga  counties.  Seneca  river 
passes  through  it. 

CROSS  RIVER,  v.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 

CROSS  ROADS,  v.  in  New  London,  Ches 
ter  co.  Pa.  27  m.  SE.  from  Lancaster,  11  NW 
from  Elkton,  Md.  and  18  WNW.  from  Wil 
mington,  Del. 

CROSS  ROADS,  v.  Kent  co.  Md.  2  m.  S 
from  Georgetown. 

CROSSWICKS,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  4  m 
SW.  from  Allentown,  8  SE.  from  Trenton,  14 
SW.  from  Burlington. 

CROTON  CREEK,  rises  in  New  Fairfield, 
Ct.  and  running  across  Putnam  and  West- 
Chester  counties,  N.  Y.  falls  into  the  Tappan 
sea  in  Hudson  river.  At  Croton  Falls,  the 
water  descends  perpendicularly  60  or  70  feet 
A  bridge  erected  across  the  creek  3  m.  from 
its  mouth,  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  falls. 

CROW,  r.  Miso.  which  runs  into  the  Mis- 
sissippi  25  m.  above  St.  Anthony's  falls. 

CROW  CREEK,  Ten.  falls  into  the  Ten 
nessee  opposite  Crow  town,  12  m.  below  Nick- 
ojack  town. 

CROWNPOINT,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake 
Champlain,  15  m.  N.  from  Ticonderoga,  184 
from  Montreal  Lat  44°  3'  N.  Ion.  73°  29'  W 
Pop.  2,041. 

CROWSNEST,  mt.  in-  the  Highlands,  near 
Hudson  river,  N.  Y.  Height,  1,330  feet. 

CROWSVILLE,  v.  Spartanburg  co.  S.C. 

CROYDON,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  18  m.  NE, 
from  Charlestown,  34  NW.  from  Concord.  Pop, 
1,060. 

CRUGERSTOWN,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md. 

CUBA,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y. 


CUBA,  the  largest  and  most  important  of 
he  West  Indies.  It  commands  the  windward 
passage,  as  well  as  the  entrance  into  the  gulfs 
of  Mexico  and  Florida,  and  is  called  with  rea 
son  the  key  of  the  West  Indies.  It  is  700  m 
^n  length,  and  on  a  medium  70  in  breadth.  It 
is  equal  in  size  to  Great  Britain.  Its  popula 
tion  has  been  rated  at  750,000,  but  there  is 
reason  to  believe  that  it  exceeds  that  number. 
A  small  belt  of  the  island  only  has  yet  been 
cultivated.  A  chain  of  mountains,  not  very 
lofty,  extends  through  the  whole  island.  The 
soil  is  exceedingly  fertile ;  the  climate  more 
temperate  than  that  of  most  of  the  other  islands; 
and  Cuba  is  justly  considered  the  healthiest 
and  most  fruitful  settlement  in  the  Antilles. 
It  is,  probably,  the  richest  island,  all  things 
considered,  in  the  world.  Gold  was  formerly 
found  in  the  island,  and  copper  and  iron  abound. 
It  is  famed,  also,  for  mineral  waters,  and  salt 
springs.  Its  chief  wealth  is  derived  from  its 
extensive  sugar  plantations.  Coffee  is  its  next 
most  important  product.  Its  tobacco  is  the 
best  in  the  world.  It  abounds  in  trees,  among 
which  are  many  fitted  for  ship-timber.  Bees 
have  multiplied  to  a  great  extent.  Cattle,  as 
in  New  Spain,  have  become  wild  in  the  woods, 
and  are  killed  for  their  hides  and  tallow.  The 
people  are  active  and  enterprising,  and  the 
revenue,  formerly  reckoned  at  2,000,000  of 
piastres,  is  now  much  more  than  double  that 
sum.  The  military  force,  chiefly  militia,  con 
sists  of  20,000,  most  of  whom  are  ill  disciplined. 
Chief  towns  are,  Havana,  Puerto  del  Principe, 
St.  Jago,  and  Matanzas. 

CUBE'S  CREEK,  Va.  runs  into  Staunton 
river,  Ion.  79°  W.  lat.  36°  47'  N. 

CUCKOOVILLE,  v.  Louisa  co.  Va. 

CULPEPER,  co.  NE.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
NE.  by  Fauquier  co.  SE.  by  Spottsylvania  and 
Orange  cos.  SW.  by  Madison  co.  and  NW.  by 
Shenandoah  co.  Pop.  24,026,  of  whom  11,419 
are  slaves.  Chief  town,  Fairfax. 

CUMBERLAND,  co.  SW.  part  of  Maine, 
bounded  W.  and  N.  by  Oxford  co.  E.  by  Lin- 
coin  co.  SE.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  SW.  by  York 
co.  Pop.  60,113.  Chief  town,  Portland. 

CUMBERLAND,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  on 
NE.  side  of  the  Pawtucket ;  6  m.  N.  from  Prov 
idence.  Pop.  3,675.  Here  are  several  cotton 
manufactories. 

CUMBERLAND,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  N.  by 
Gloucester  co.  E.  by  Cape  May  co.  S.  by  Del 
aware  bay,  and  W.  by  Salem  co.  Pop.  in  1820, 
12,668;  in  1830, 14,091.  Chief  town,  Bridge 
town. 

CUMBERLAND,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa. 

CUMBERLAND,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa.  W.  of 
the  Monongahela.  Pop.  1,591. 

CUMBERLAND,  co.  Pa.  W.  of  the  Susque- 
hannah,  bounded  N.  by  Mifflin  co.  E.  by  Dau 
phin  co.  S.  by  York  and  Adams  cos.  and  SW. 
and  W.  by  Franklin  co.  Pop.  in  1820,  23,606; 
in  1830,  29,218.  Chief  town,  Carlisle. 

CUMBERLAND,  t.  and  cap.  Alleghany  co. 
Md.  on  the  Potomac,  at  the  junction  of  Wills' 
Creek,  148  m.  W.  by  N.  from  Baltimore,  155 
from  W.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
market-house*  a  bank,  and  3  house  of  public 


248 


CUM— DAN 


foi  Roman  Catho- 


worslu'p,  1  for 

lics,  and  1  for  Methodists. 

CUMBERLAND,  co.  central  part  of  Va. 
bounded  N.  by  James  river,  E.  by  Powliatan 
and  Amelia  cos.  S.  by  Prince  Edward  co.  and 
W.  by  Buckingham  co.  Pop.  11,689,  of  whom 
7,309  are  slaves.  Chief  town,  Cartersville. 

CUMBERLAND,  co.  central  part  of  N.  C. 
Pop.  in  1820,  14,446;  in  1830,  14,824.  Chief 
town,  Fayetteville. 

CUMBERLAND,  co.  S.  part  of  Ken.  Pop. 
8,636.  Chief  town,  Burkesville. 

CUMBERLAND,  t.  New  Kent  co.  Va.  on 
SW.  side  of  the  Pamunky,  about  35  m.  E.  from 
Richmond. 

CUMBERLAND,  a  town  and  fort  of  British 
America,  in  a  county  of  the  same  name,  form 
ing  the  isthmus  which  unites  Nova  Scotia  to 
New  Brunswick.  The  fort  is  situate  at  the 
head  of  the  bay  of  Fundy,  on  the  east  side  of 
its  northern  branch,  called  Chignecto  Bay. 
The  isthmus  is  here  about  15  m.  across,  easily 
admitting  a  canal  to  unite  the  Bay  of  Fundy 
with  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Lon.  64°  10' 
W.  lat.  45°  45'  N. 

CUMBERLAND  GAP,  pass  through  the 
Cumberland  mountains,  in  Claiborne  co.  Ten.  ; 
130  m.  S.  from  Lexington. 

CUMBERLAND  HOUSE,  a  station  of  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company,  in  the  country  of  the 
Knisteneaux  Indians,  on  the  SW.  side  of  Pine 
Island  Lake,  in  lat.  54°  N.  Ion.  102°  W. 

CUMBERLAND  MOUNTAINS,  in  Ten. 
The  range  commences  in  SW.  part  of  Pa., 
and  in  Va.  it  takes  the  name  of  Laurel  Moun 
tain,  passes  through  SE.  part  of  Kentucky, 
and  terminates  in  Tennessee  ;  80  m.  SE.  from 
Nashville.  A  considerable  portion  of  this 
mountain  in  Tennessee,  is  composed  of  stu 
pendous  piles  of  craggy  rocks.  It  is  thinly 
covered  with  trees,  and  has  springs  impreg 
nated  with  alum.  Lime-stone  is  found  on  both 
sides  of  it. 

CUMBERLAND,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Geo. 
20  m.  S.  from  Frederica  ;  between  the  mouth 
of  the  Great  Satilla  and  Prince  William's 
Sound.  It  is  about  20  m.  in  circumference. 

CUMBERLAND,  r.  rises  on  the  Cumber 
land  mountains,  in  the  south-east  part  of  Ken. 
through  which  it  has  a  course  of  200  miles,  it 
has  a  circuit  in  Tennessee  of  180  miles,  thence 
north,  and  joins  the  Ohio  in  Kentucky,  11  m. 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Tennessee. 

CUMBERLAND  VALLEY,  t.  Bedford  co. 
Pa.  Pop.  570. 

CUMMINGTON,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 
20  m.  NW.  from  Northampton.  Pop.  in  1820, 
1,060;  in  1830,  1260. 

CURRACOA,  an  island  in  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  lying  off  the  coast  of  Colombia,  near  the 
entrance  to  the  Gulf  and  Lake  Maracaibo,  35 
miles  long  and  12  broad,  subject  to  the  Dutch. 
It  produces  sugar,  tobacco,  and  salt  ;  has  nu 
merous  warehouses,  which  used  formerly  to 
supply  the  adjacent  coast  with  the  productions 
of  Europe  and  Asia,  and  which  still  continue 
to  do  so  to  some  extent.  In  1800  some  French 
having  settled  on  part  of  the  island,  and  be 
coming  at  variance  with  the  Dutch,  the  latter 


surrendered  the  island  to  a  single  British  frig 
ate.  It  was  restored  to  the  Dutch  by  the  peace 
of  1802,  and  taken  from  them  by  a  British 
squadron  in  1807,  and  again  restored  by  the 
peace  of  1814.  The  principal  town  is  St.  Pe 
ter,  at  the  NE.  extremity  of  the  island.  Lon. 
69°  15'  W.  lat.  12°  52'  N. 

CURRENT,  a  township  in  Lawrence  co. 
Arkansas. 

CURVINSVILLE,  v.  Clearfield  co.  Pa. 

CURRITUCK,  a  maritime  co.  at  the  NE. 
extremity  of  North  Carolina,  the  N.  end  bor 
dering  on  the  Great  Dismal  Swamp  of  Virginia, 
and  S.  end  on  Albemarle  Sound.  This  was 
formerly  a  very  dreary  district,  but  some  of 
the  land  within  the  present  century  has  been 
rendered  very  productive  in  rice.  Pop.  7,654. 
The  country  gives  name  to  one  of  the  inlets 
into  Albemarle  Sound. 

CUYAHOGA,  a  stream  of  Ohio  falling  into 
Lake  Erie  at  Cleveland.  The  great  Ohio 
canal  passes  along  this  river,  and  joins  the 
lake  at  its  mouth.  See  Ohio  Canal. 

CUYAHOGA,  a  co.  of  Ohio,  bordering  upon 
Lake  Erie  at  the  outlet  of  the  above  stream. 
Pop.  10,360.  Cleaveland  is  the  capital. 

CYNTHIANA,  t  Harrison  co.  Ken. 

D. 

DACHEET,  r.  of  Arkansas  and  Louisiana, 
rises  in  the  former,  and  flowing  S.  into  the  lat 
ter,  falls  into  the  head  of  Lake  Bistineau. 

DAGSBOROUGH,  t.  and  hundred,  Sussex 
co.  Delaware,  S.  of  Indiana  river  ;  127  m.  S. 
from  Philadelphia,  144  from  W. 

D'AILLEBOUT,  Seigniory,  Warwick  co. 
L.  Canada. 

DALTON,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on  E.  side  of 
the  Connecticut;  8  m.  S.  from  Lancaster. 
Pop.  532. 

DALTON,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.;  12  m. 
NNE.  from  Lenox,  130  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
791.  Here  are  2  paper-mills,  and  a  cotton 
and  woollen  manufactory. 

DALETOWN,  v.  Wilcox  eo.  Ala. 

DALLAS,  co.  Ala.  bounded  by  Wilcox  S. 
Marengo  W.  Greene  NW.  Perry  N.  Autauga 
NE.  and  Montgomery  E.  Length  45  m. 
mean  width  24.  Chief  town,  Cahawba.  Pop. 
14,017. 

DALMATIA,  v.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

DALRYMPLE'S  POINT,  cape,  in  the 
island  of  Dominica,  2  m.  S.  from  Charlotte's 
Town. 

DAMARISCOTTA,  river  of  Maine,  or  ra 
ther  a  long  deep  bay,  extending  from  the  At. 
lantic  ocean  into  Lincoln  co.  between  Booth- 
bay  and  Bristol. 

DAMASCUS,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.  on  Dela 
ware  river;  18  m.  NW.  from  Bethany.  Pop. 
400. 

DAMASCUS,  v.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Frede 
rick  co.  Md.  on  the  road  from  New  Market  to 
Barnestown. 

DAMASCUS,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 

DAMASCUS,  v.  Logan  co.  Ohio. 

DAME'S  GORE,  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  Pop> 
38. 

DAN,  r.  rises  on  the  borders  of  North  Car- 


DAN— DAR 


249 


olina  and  Virginia,  and  flowing  through  a  fer 
tile  country,  unites  with  Staunton  river  to  form 
the  Roanoke.  It  is  navigable  to  Danville, 
where  there  are  falls  of  22  or  23  feet  perpen 
dicular  ;  but  by  the  improvements  which  are 
contemplated,  its  navigation  will  be  extended 
100  miles  from  its  mouth. 

DANA,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. ;  23  m.  NW. 
from  Worcester,  70  m.  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
623. 

DANBURY,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.;  25  m. 
NW.  from  Concord.  Pop.  786. 

DANBURY,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  The  courts 
are  held  alternately  here  and  at  Fairfield.  The 
village  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  academy, 
4  churches,  1  each  for  Presbyterians,  Episco 
palians,  Sandemanians  and  Methodists;  and 
200  dwelling-houses.  Danbury  is  the  most 
considerable  town  in  the  county  in  the  extent 
and  variety  of  business  carried  on.  Here  are 
not  less  than  50  shops  for  the  manufacture  of 
hats.  It  is  33  m.  WNW.  from  New  Haven, 
54  SW.  from  Hartford,  65  from  N.  York,  40 
from  Newburgh.  Pop.  4,325.  In  1777  the 
town,  with  a  large  quantity  of  military  stores, 
was  burnt  by  the  British.  In  the  subsequent 
battle,  Maj.  Gen.  Wooster  was  slain. 

DANBURY,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  comprises 
the  peninsula  between  Portage  river  and  San- 
dusky  Bay.  It  is  about  20  m.  long,  and  2  or 
3  wide,  and  terminates  in  Point  Prospect.  A 
custom-house  is  kept  at  Bull  Island,  on  the 
southern  shore  of  the  peninsula  near  the  point 
Pop.  200. 

DANBY,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt. ;  32  m.  W.  from 
Windsor.  Pop.  1,362. 

DANBY,  t.  Tomkins  co.  N.  Y. ;  8  m.  N. 
from  Spencer.  Pop.  2,481. 

DANCEY'S  STORE,  v.  Northampton  co. 
N.C. 

DANDRIDGE,  t  and  cap.  Jefferson  co. 
Ten.  on  French  Broad  river,  33  m.  E.  from 
Knoxville. 

DANIEL  HILL,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 

DANIELSVILLE,  v.  Spottsylvania  co.  Va. 

DANIELSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Madison  co. 
Geo. ;  90  m.  from  Milledgeville. 

DANSVILLE,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. ;  35  m. 
NW.  from  Bath.  Pop.  1,728. 

DANUBE,  t.  in  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1,723. 

DANVERS,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass,  adjoining 
Salem ;  16  m.  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  4,288. 
It  contains  2  meeting-houses  for  Congrega- 
tionalists  and  1  for  Baptists.  The  most  con 
siderable  and  compact  settlement  is  a  continu 
ation  of  the  principal  street  of  Salem.  Large 
quantities  of  bricks,  earthenware,  and  leather 
are  manufactured  here.  In  the  village  of  New 
Mills,  at  the  head  of  Beverly  river,  there  is  a 
large  iron  manufactory,  and  the  business  of 
ship-building  is  carried  on. 

DANVILLE,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  Pop. 
1428. 

DANVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Caledonia  co.  Vt. ; 
28  m.  ENE.  from  Montpelier,  165  NNW.  from 
Boston,  535  from  W.  Lon.  72°  2'  W.  lat.  44° 
26'  N.  Pop.  3,631.  This  is  a  pleasant  and 
valuable  agricultural  town,  and  it  has  a  small 
2G 


village  containing  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  print 
ing-office,  a  Congregational  meeting-house, 
and  it  is  a  place  of  some  trade. 

DANVILLE,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. ;  20  m. 
NW.  from  Bath.  Pop.  1,728. 

DANVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 
on  the  Susquehannah,  at  the  entrance  of  Ma- 
boning  creek,  11  m.  above  Northumberland. 
There  is  a  copper  mine  near  this  town. 

DANVILLE,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y. 

DANVILLE,  t  Pittsylvania  co.  Va.  on  the 
river  Dan,  130  m.  by  water,  and  116  by  land 
above  the  great  falls  of  the  Roanoke,  about  70 
m.  S.  by  W.  from  Lynchburg,  150  SW.  by 
W.  from  Richmond,  291  from  W.  Lon  79° 
25'  W.  lat.  36°  34'  N.  It  is  situated  at  the 
Falls  of  the  Dan,  on  a  wide  and  beautiful 
plain,  rising  gradually  from  the  river  to  a  high 
eminence,  which  commands  an  extensive  and 
picturesque  prospect,  embracing  a  view  of  the 
Falls,  the  gentle  current  of  the  river  below, 
and  the  verdant  hills  and  cultivated  fields  of 
the  surrounding  country.  A  canal  nearly  a 
mile  in  length  has  been  formed  around  the 
Falls,  which  affords  extensive  and  excellent 
seats  for  mills  and  manufactories,  which  are 
improved  to  considerable  extent.  The  Roa 
noke  Navigation  Company  have  constructed  a 
canal  with  locks  around  the  Falls;  and  a  basin 
is  formed  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  safe  and 
convenient  for  the  batteau  navigation  of  the 
river.  Danville  has  become  the  upland  depot 
of  an  extensive  commerce>  embracing  not  only 
the  adjacent  fertile  districts  of  Virginia  and  N. 
Carolina,  but  also  a  great  part  of  East  Ten 
nessee.  The  articles  of  commerce  consist  of 
wheat,  flour,  tobacco,  cotton,  whisky,  brandy, 
Indian  corn,  beef,  pork,  butter,  poultry,  lumber, 
and  iron.  Batteaux,  carrying  from  8  to  12  hogs 
heads  of  tobacco,  and  from  30  to  40  barrels  of 
flour,  have  a  convenient  navigation  from  this 
place  to  the  Falls  of  the  Roanoke.  Roads  lead 
to  Danville  from  various  directions,  both  from 
Virginia  and  North  Carolina.  The  town  has 
a  very  healthy  situation,  and  contains  an  acad 
emy  with  45  or  50  students.  A  newspaper  is 
published  here. 

DANVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Mercer  co.  Ken. 
on  the  SW.  side  of  Dick's  river,  40  m.  S.  by 
W.  from  Frankfort,  33  SSW.  from  Lexkgton. 
Lat.  37°  30'  N.  Pop.  849.  It  has  a  court 
house  and  jail,  and  a  church.  Several  mills 
and  factories  are  erected  here.  A  charter  for 
a  college  at  this  place  has  been  granted  by  the 
legislature ;  2  professors,  1  of  languages  and  1 
of  mathematics  are  appointed,  and  a  large 
brick  building  2  stories  high  is  erected. 

DANVILLE,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio;  13  m  NE 
from  Mount  Vernon. 

DANVILLE,  v.  HemJricks  co.  In. 

DARBY,  Lower,  v.  Delaware  co.Pa.  on  the 
E.  side  of  Darby  creek,  which  runs  into  the 
Delaware,  7  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Phikdelphia. 

DARBY,  Upper,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  ad 
joining  Lower  Darby.  Pop.  700. 

DARBY,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio,  NE.  from 
London.  Pop.  500. 

DARBY,  t.  Pickaway  co,  Ohio,  Urn.  NW 
from  Circleville.  Pop.  600, 


250 


DAR— DEA 


DARBY,  L  Union  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  500. 

DARBY,  t.  Columbia  co.  Georgia. 

DARBY,  cape  of  N.  America,  on  the  N. 
Pacific  ocean,  SW.  from  the  mouth  of  Norman 
nver.  Lon.  86°  30'  from  W.  lat.  64°  21'  N. 

DARBY  RIVER,  one  of  the  western 
tranches  of  the  Scioto  river,  rises  in  Union, 
Champaign,  and  Franklin  cos.  and  by  a  com 
parative  course  of  65  m.  SSE.  falls  into  Scioto 
river  opposite  Circleville. 

DARDANELLES,  a  place  in  Cadron,  Ar 
kansas  Territory,  on  Arkansas  river,  where 
the  Agent  of  the  Cherokee  Indians  resides. 
Two  rocky  ridges  here  border  the  river  for 
nome  distance,  whence  originated  the  name. 

DARDENNE,  t.  St.  Charles  district,  Miso. ; 
1,001  fromW. 

DARIEN,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.     Pop.  1,201. 

DARIEN,  t.  and  s-p.  M'Intosh  co.  Geo.  on 
the  N.  side  and  principal  channel  of  the  Ala- 
tamaha,  12  m.  above  the  bar,  and  190  below 
Milledgeville.  The  town  is  situated  upon  a 
candy  bluff,  and  has  advanced  in  wealth  and 
population  with  great  rapidity.  It  has  a  bank 
with  a  capital  of  $150,000.  Lon.  4°  37'  W. 
from  W.  lat.  31°  23'  N. 

DARKE,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  W.  by  Indiana, 
N.  by  Mercer,  E.  by  Shelby  and  Miami,  SE. 
by  Montgomery,  and  S.  by  Preble.  Length 
32  m.  width  21.  Chief  town,  Greenville.  Pop. 
in  1820,  3,717;  in  1830,  6,203. 

DARKENVILLE,  v.  Berkeley  co.  Va. 

DARNESTOWN,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md.  ; 
65  m.  from  W. 

DARLING  ISLAND,  the  largest  of  two 
islands  in  the  entrance  of  Lake  Simcoe,  U.  C. 

DARLINGS,  v.  on  Owl  creek,  Knox  co. 
Ohio ;  15  m.  E.  from  Vernon. 

DARLING  TOWNSHIP,  m  the  co.  of 
Durham,  U.  C.  lies  to  the  W.  of  Clarke,  and 
fronts  on  Lake  Ontario. 

DARLINGTON,  dist.  S.  C.;  bounded  by 
Sumpter  SW.  by  Kershaw  W.  Chesterfield 
NW.  Marlborough  NE.  and  Marion  and  Wil- 
liamsburg  SE.  Length  34  m.  width  28.  Chief 
town,  Darlington.  Pop.  1820,  10,949;  in 
1830, 12,000. 

DARLINGTON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Darlington  district,  S.  C. ;  on  Black  creek, 
very  near  the  centre  of  the  district,  40  m.  E. 
from  Camden. 

DARLINGTON,  t.  Warwick  co.  Indiana 
a  short  distance  from  the  Ohio,  about  40  m 
SSE.  from  Princeton. 

DARTMOUTH,  t.  and  s-p.  Bristol  co.  Mass 
It  is  situated  on  the  NW.  side  of  Buzzard's 
Bay,  about  75  m.  S.  of  Boston.  Pop.  3,867. 

PARTOWN,  v.  Butler  co.  Ohio;  111  m 
SW.  from  Columbus. 

DARVILLES,  v.  Dinwiddie  co.  Va. 

DAVENPORT,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  Pop 
1,780. 

DAVIDSONVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Lawrence 
co.  Arkansas  Territory,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
Black  river,  at  the  junction  of  Spring  river. 

DAVIDSON,  co.  Ten.  situated  on  the  W 
Bide  of  Cumberland  Mountains,  bounded  by 
Robertson  N.  Sunnier  NE.  Wilson  and  Ruth 


erford  E.  Williamson  S.  and  Dickson  W. 
Length  26  m.  mean  width  22.  Chief  town, 
Nashville.  Pop.  22,523. 

DAVIDSTOWN,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.; 
10  m.  above  Trenton,  on  the  Asanpink  creek. 
DAVIES,  co.  of  Ken.  bounded  by  Ohio  river 
N.  Breckenridge  NE.  Ohio  SE.  Muhlenburgh 
S.  Hopkins  SW.  and  Henderson  W.  Length 
30  m.  mean  width  20.  Chief  town,  Owens- 
burg.  Pop.  5,218. 

DAVIES,  co.  of  Indiana,  between  the  two 
main  branches  of  White  river;  bounded  by 
Dubois  SE.  and  S.  Gibson  SW.  Knox  W.  Sul- 
ivan  NW.  and  Monroe  and  Lawrence  NE. 
Length  60  m.  mean  width  15.  Chief  town, 
Washington.  Pop.  4,512. 

DAVIS'S  COVE,  harbor  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Jamaica,  2  m.  N.  Green  Island  Harbor. 
DAVIS'S,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 
DAVISBOROUGH,  v.  Washington  co.  Geo. 
DAVISBURG,  t.  Christian  co.  Ken. 
DAVIS'S  STORE,  v.  Rapide  co.  La. 
DAVIS  TAVERN,  v.  Sussex  co.  Va. 
DAUPHIN,  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
Susquehannah ;  bounded  N.  by  Northumber- 
"and,   E.  by  Schuylkill   and  Lebanon,  S.  by 
Lancaster,  and  W.  by  the  Susquehannah  which 
separates  it  from  Cumberland.    Pop.  25,303. 
~:hief  town,  Harrisburg. 

DAUPHIN,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Alabama, 
between  which  and  Mobile  Point,  3^  m.  dis 
tant,  is  the  entrance  of  Mobile  Bay.  Lon.  88° 
T  W.  lat.  30°  10'  N. 

DAUPHIN,  Fort,  s-p.  in  the  N.  part  of  St. 
Domingo.  Lat.  19°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  40'  W. 

DAUPHIN,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  into 
Lake  Winnipec,  in  lat.  52°  15'  N. 

DAVISON  POINT,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N 
America.  Lat.  55°  N. 

DAWFUSKEE,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  S.C.  a< 
the  entrance  of  Savannah  river. 

DAYTON,  t.  and  cap.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Miami,  just  below  the  junction  of  Mad 
river,  52  m.  N.  from  Cincinnati,  66  W.  from 
Columbus,  40  SE.  from  Urbanna.  Pop.  2,965. 
The  public  buildings  are  a  court-house  and  jail, 
2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Presbyteri 
ans,  and  1  for  Methodists,  a  bank,  and  an 
academy.  Mad  river  affords  uncommon  ad 
vantages  for  water-works,  and  numerous  mills 
are  erected  upon  it. 

DEAD  RIVER,  Me.  the  W.  branch  of  the 
Kennebec.  It  rises  in  the  highlands  which 
separate  Maine  from  Canada,  and  joins  the  E. 
branch  about  20  m.  from  Moosehead  Lake. 

DEAD  RIVER,  N.  H.  runs  into  the  Mar- 
gallaway. 

DEAD  RIVER,  NW.  Territory,  runs  into 
Lake  Superior,  is  50  yards  wide,  and  boatable 
at  its  mouth. 

DEAL,  v.  N.  J.  on  the  sea-shore,  in  Mon- 
mouth  co.  famous  as  a  watering  place,  7  m.  S. 
from  Shrewsbury. 

DEARBORN,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  Pop. 
616. 

DEARBORN,  co.  In.  on  Ohio  r.  bounded 
by  the  state  of  Ohio  and  the  Ohio  r.  E.,  Swit 
zerland  S.,  Ripley  W.,  and  Franklin  N. ;  length 


DBA— DEL 


251 


27  m.,  mean  width  15.  Chief  town,  Lawrence- 
burg.  Pop.  14,578. 

DEARBORN,  r.  a  W.  branch  of  Missouri, 
into  which  it  falls  above  the  rapids. 

DECATUR,  v.  Adams  co.  Ohio,  117  m. 
SSW  from  Columbus. 

DECATUR,  v.  Morgan  co.  Ala.  about  200 
m.  N.  from  Cahawba. 

DECATUR,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  SE. 
from  Cooperstown.  Pop.  1,110. 

DECATUR,  t  Mifflin  co.  Pa, 

DECATUR,  t  Brown  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  W. 
from  West  Union. 

DECATUR,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio. 

DECHE,  r.  Indiana,  runs  into  the  Wabash 
from  the  NE.  8  m.  below  Vincennes. 

DECKERSTOWN,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  Papacossing  branch  of  Wallkill  r.  20  m. 
NNE.  from  Newtown,  and  102  a  little  E.  of 
N.  from  Trenton. 

DEDHAM,  t.  and  cap.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  10 
m.  SW.  from  Boston,  30  NNE.  from  Provi 
dence.  Lon.  71°  12'  W. ;  lat.  42°  16'  N.  Pop. 
3,117.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  bank,  2 
printing-offices,  and  6  houses  of  public  worship, 
4  for  Congregationalists,  1  for  Episcopalians, 
and  1  for  Baptists.  The  town  is  watered  by 
Charles  and  Neponset  rivers,  which  afford  nu 
merous  seats  for  mills  and  manufacturing  es 
tablishments,  which  are  improved  to  a  consid 
erable  extent. 

DEEP  RIVER,  in  N.  C.  one  of  the  main 
and  higher  branches  of  Cape  Fear  river. 

DEER,  or  Chevreuil,  r.  N.  A.  runs  into  the 
E.  side  of  the  Mississippi,  37  m.  above  the  falls 
of  Peckagama. 

DEER  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  joins  the  Scioto 
from  the  W.  7  m.  N.  from  Chillicothe. 

DEER  CREEK,  t  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  9  m. 
W.  from  Circleville.  Pop.  2,000. 

DEER  CREEK,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio. 

DEERFIELD,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Connecticut  r.  4  m.  S.  from  Green 
field,  17  N.  from  Northampton,  92  W.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  2,003.  It  contains  a  handsome 
village,  with  a  church  and  an  academy,  and  is 
in  a  very  fertile  country. 

DEERFIELD,  t.  Rockmgham  co.  N.  H. 
Pop.  2,086. 

DEERFIELD,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  opposite 
Utica,  on  the  Mohawk.  Pop.  4,182. 

DEERFIELD,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 

DEERFIELD,  t.  Tioga  co.  Pa. 

DEERFIELD,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio. 

DEERFIELD,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 

DEERFIELD,  v.  Augusta  co.  Va.  152  m. 
NNW.  from  Richmond. 

DEERFIELD  RIVER,  rises  in  Vt.  and 
flowing  S.  enters  Mass,  turns  to  nearly  E.  and 
fells  into  Connecticut  river  between  Greenfield 
and  Deerfield. 

DEERFIELD  SHEET,  v.  in  the  N.  part 
of  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  on  Cohansey  creek, 
between  Woodbury  and  Bridgeton,  64  m.  SSW. 
from  Trenton,  and  35  S.  from  Philadelphia. 

DEERING,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  Pop. 
1,227. 

DEER  ISLAND,  New  Brunswick,  in  Pas- 
•amaquoddy  bay.  Pop.  2,217. 


DEER  ISLE,  isL  and  t.  Hancock  co.  Me. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot  bay,  9  m.  SE.  from 
Castine.  Pop.  2,217. 

DEER  PARK,  t  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  on  Del 
aware  r.  14  m.  N.  of  W.  Goshen,  30  W.  from 
Newburgh,  125  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,167. 

DEKALB,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Oswegatchie,  20  m.  from  its  junction  with  the 
St.  Lawrence.  Pop.  1,061.  There  is  a  good 
boat  navigation  to  the  mouth  of  the  river. 

DE  LA  FOUCHE  BAY,  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America.  Lat.  52°  39'  N. 

DELAWARE,  co.  N.  Y.  on  Delaware  river, 
bounded  N.  by  Otsego,  E.  by  Schoharie  and 
Greene,  S.  by  Ulster  and  Sullivan,  and  W.  by 
Broorne  and  Chcnango  and  Delaware  r.  which 
separates  it  from  Pennsylvania.  Pop.  32,933 
Chief  town,  Delhi. 

DELAWARE,  co.  in  the  SE.  part  of  Pa. 
on  Delaware  r.  Pop.  17,361.  Chief  town, 
Chester. 

DELAWARE  BAY,  a  spacious  bay  of  the 
U.  S.  between  the  states  of  Delaware  and  New 
Jersey.  Its  entrance  is  20  m.  wide,  between 
Cape  May  in  lat.  38°  56'  N.  and  Cape  Henlo- 
pen  in  lat.  38°  47'  N.  It  is  65  m.  long  from 
Fisher's  Point  to  Cape  Henlopen,  and  in  the 
broadest  part  30  m.  wide. 

DELAWARE  CITY,  v.  Newcastle  co.  Del. 
on  the  Delaware  r.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chesa 
peake  and  Delaware  canal  It  is  a  small  vil 
lage,  but  contains  some  fine  houses. 

DELAWARE  RIVER,  rises  in  N.  Y.  in 
the  Catskill  mountains.  In  its  course,  it  re- 
sembles  the  letter  W.  It  separates  Pennsyl 
vania  from  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  and 
runs  into  Delaware  bay,  5  m.  below  Newcastle. 
It  is  navigable  for  ships  of  the  line  40  m.  to 
Philadelphia,  and  for  sloops  35  m.  further  to 
the  head  of  the  tide,  at  Trenton  falls.  Above 
the  falls,  it  is  navigable  100  m.  for  boats  of  8 
or  9  tons.  The  whole  length,  from  its  source 
to  the  bay,  is  300  m. 

DELAWARE,  state,  see  page  84. 

DELAWARE,  t.  King  William  co.  Va.  on 
the  point  between  the  Pamunky  and  Mata- 
pony  rivers. 

DELAWARE,  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto  and 
Whitestone  rivers,  and  on  Alum  creek,  bound- 
ed  by  Franklin  S.  Madison  SW.  Union  W. 
Marion  N.  and  Knox  and  Licking  E. ;  length 
27  m.  mean  breadth  24.  Chief  town,  Dela 
ware.  Pop.  11,523. 

DELAWARE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Dela 
ware  co.  Ohio,  on  Whitestone  branch  of  Scioto, 
25  m.  N.  from  Columbus.  Lat.  48°  18'  N.,  Ion, 
from  W.  6°  5'  W. 

DELAWARE,  co.  Indiana.  Pop.  2,372. 
Muncytown  is  the  capital. 

DELAWARE,  r.  E.  Florida,  runs  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  near  Cape  Roman. 

DELAWARE,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.  on  the 
river  Delaware. 

DELERY,  Seigniory,  Huntingdon  co.  L.C 
on  the  Sorelle  r.  27  m.  SSE.  from  Montreal. 

DELHI,  t  Hamilton  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,158. 

DELHI,  t.  and  cap.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  or 
the  Delaware,  68  m.  W.  from  Catskill,  70  SW 
from  Albanv.  Pop.  2,114.  The  township  U 


252 


DEL— DET 


extensive ;  near  its  centre  there  is  a  pleasant 
village  containing  the  county  buildings. 

DELISTE,  small  r.  which  rises  in  U.  Can- 
ada,  and  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  in  Lower 
Canada,  near  its  W.  boundary. 

DELMAR,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  25  m.  NW. 
from  Williamsport.  Pop.  900. 

DELMAR,  t.  Tioga  co.  Pa. 

DELPHI,  t.  Marion  co.  Ten. 

DELPHI,  v.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y. 

DEMIQUAIN,  r.  II.  runs  into  the  Illinois  r. 
from  the  NW.  160  m.  above  its  mouth.  It  is 
said  to  be  navigable  120  m. 

DEMOPOLIS,  v.  Morengo  co.  Ala. 

DEMOTFS  STORE,  v.  in  Romulus,  Sen 
eca  co.  N.  Y. 

DENBIGH,  Cape,  on  NW.  coast  of  Ameri 
ca,  in  Norton  Sound.  Lat.  65°  23'  N. 

DENMARK,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  30  m.  SW. 
from  Paris.  Pop.  954. 

DENMARK,  or  Harrisburg,  t.  Lewis  co. 
N.  Y.  on  Black  river,  150  m.  NW.  from  Alba 
ny,  450  from  W.  Pop.  2,270. 

DENMARK,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  E.  from 
Jefferson,  379  m.  from  W. 

DENMARK,  v.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  r. 
on  the  road  from  Utica  to  Sacket's  Harbor. 
Pop.  in  1620, 1,745;  in  1830,  2,270. 

DENNIS,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass,  on  Barn- 
stable  Bay,  9  m.  ENE.  from  Barnstable,  76  SE. 
from  Boston,  492  from  W.  Pop.  2,317.  It 
contains  3  meeting-houses,  2  for  Congregation- 
alists,  and  1  for  Quakers. 

DENNIS,  v.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

DENNIS  CREEK,  v.  Cape  May  co.  N.  J. 
DV  the  postroad  101  m.  nearly  S.  from  Trenton, 
fhe  village  of  Dennis  Creek  stands  on  a  creek 
of  that  name,  about  30  m.  S.  by  E.  fr.  Bridgcton. 

DENNY'S  RIVER,  Washington  co.  Me. 
runs  into  a  bay  of  the  same  name  which  forms 
the  N.  branch  of  Cobscook  Bay. 

DENNYSVILLE,  t.  Washington  co.  Me. 
lies  on  the  bay  and  river  of  the  same  name 
and  on  Penimaquan  Bay.  The  village  is  hand 
somely  built  at  the  head  of  tide  water  on  Den 
ny's  river,  and  contains  several  saw-mills,  a 
grist-mill,  fulling-mill,  carding-machine,  and 
tannery.  It  is  well  situated  for  manufactures : 
17  m.  NW.  from  Eastport.  Pop.  856. 

DENTON,  t.  and  cap.  Caroline  co.  Md.  on 
the  Choptank,  37  m.  SSW.  from  Chester,  95 
from  W.  It  is  a  small  town,  regularly  laid 
out,  and  contains  a  bank. 

DEPOSIT,  v.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y  on  the 
Delaware,  14  m.  SE.  from  Oquago,  331  from 
W.  This  village  has  considerable  trade  in 
lumber. 

DEPTFORD,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 
DE  RAMSAY,  2  Seigniories,  in  L.  C.  one 
m  Richelieu  oo.  36  m.  E.  from  Montreal,  and 
the  other  in  Warwick  co. 

DERBANE,  r.  Louisiana,  which  flows  ESE, 
and  joins  the  Quachitta,  lat.  32°  39'  N.  It  is 
navigable  for  large  boats  30  or  40  m. 

DERBANE,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs  into 
Timballier  Bay. 

DERBANE,  r.  Mis.  which  runs  into  the  bay 

of  Pines,  Ion.  88°  19'  W. ;  lat.  30°  22'  N. 

DERBY,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  65  m  NNE.  from 


Montpelier,  579  from  W.  Pop.  1,469.  It  lies 
MI  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Memphremagog,  bor 
dering  on  Stanstead  in  Canada. 

DERBY,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  on  the  Hou- 
satonnuc,  at  the  junction  of  Naugatuc  river, 
2  m.  above  its  mouth,  and  8  W.  from  New 
laven.  Pop.  2,253.  It  contains  5  churches, 
2  Episcopal,  2  Congregational,  and  1  Methodist. 
The  river  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  100  tons. 

DERMON,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.    Pop.  3,000. 

DERRY,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  Swatara 
creek,  2  m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Susque- 
hannah.  Pop.  2,500.  In  the  bank  of  the  creek 
s  a  cavern,  containing  numerous  apartments. 

DERRY,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,000. 

DERUYTER,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  34  in 
SW.  from  Utica,  130  W.  from  Albany.  Pop 
1,447. 

DES  MOINS,  large  r.  Missouri,  which  runs 
SE.  and  joins  the  Mississippi,  about  130  m. 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri.  From  the 
rapids  to  its  mouth,  it  forms  the  boundary  of 
the  state  of  Missouri.  It  may  be  ascended  in 
boats  800  m. 

DESPAGE,  or  Fox  river,  runs  into  the  II- 
inois  from  the  N.  about  half  way  between 
Lake  Pioria  and  the  forks  of  the  Illinois.  Its 
course  is  nearly  parallel  with  that  of  the  Des- 
planes. 

DESPLANES,  r.  Illinois,  rises  W.  of  Lake 
Michigan,  and  flowing  SW.  meets  the  Kanka- 
tee,  to  form  Illinois  river.  The  Desplanes 
communicates  with  a  lake,  and  from  this  lake 
;here  is  a  sort  of  canal  to  Chicago  river,  partly 
worn  by  the  water,  and  partly  made  by  the 
French  and  Indians,  through  which  boats  pass 
in  wet  seasons. 

DESTRUCTION  ISLAND,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America.  Lat.  47°  37'  N. 

DETOUR,  cape,  Michigan,  the  W.  point  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Straits  of  St.  Mary's,  40  m. 
from  Michillimackinac.  Lat.  45°  54'  N. 

DETOUR,  cape,  NW.  Ter.  at  the  SW.  end 
of  Lake  Superior. 

DETROIT,  city,  and  port  of  entry,  Wayne 
co.  and  capital  of  Michigan  Territory,  and  the 
only  town  of  much  size  in  the  territory.  It  is 
situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  river  Detroit, 
18  m.  above  Maiden  in  Canada,  6  below  the 
outlet  of  Lake  St.  Clair,  302  W.  from  Buffalo, 
and  548  from  W.  The  banks  are  20  feet  above 
the  highest  waters  of  the  river.  The  plain  on 
which  it  is  built  is  beautiful,  and  the  position 
altogether  delightful  and  romantic.  The  streets 
are  wide,  and  the  houses  are  of  stone,  brick, 
frame  and  logs,  and  some  of  them  make  a  very 
showy  appearance.  Three  of  the  principal 
streets  run  parallel  witli  the  river,  and  are 
crossed  at  right  angles  by  six  principal  cross 
streets.  Several  wharves  project  into  the  river 
The  United  States  wharf  is  140  feet  long,  and 
a  vessel  of  400  tons  burthen  can  load  at  its 
head.  The  public  bui'dings  are  a  council- 
house,  state-house,  United  States  store,  Presby 
terian  church,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  and 
some  other  public  buildings.  There  are  a  num 
ber  of  stores,  and  others  building.  Rents  and 
the  value  of  lots  are  rising,  and  the  town  ex 
hibits  marks  of  rapid  population  and  improve 


DET— DIX 


253 


ment.  It  was  almost  entirely  consumed  by 
fire  in  1806,  and  the  appearance  of  the  new 
town  IB  much  superior  to  the  old  one.  Pop. 
2,222. 

DETROIT  RIVER,  N.  A.  which  connects 
Lake  St.  Clair  with  Lake  Erie,  is  28  m.  long, 
and  opposite  Detroit,  f  of  a  mile  wide,  enlarg 
ing  as  it  descends,  and  is  navigable  for  vessels 
of  any  burden. 

DEUX  COEURS,  r.  Michigan  Ter.  which 
runs  into  Lake  Superior,  21  m.  W.  from  White- 
fish  Point,  and  66  W.  from  St.  Mary's  r.  It  is 
25  yards  wide,  and  beatable  at  its  entrance. 

DEUX  MONTAGNES,  lake,  Canada,  or 
rather  expansion  of  the  river  Ottawa,  at  its 
junction  with  the  St.  Lawrence.  It  is  24  m. 
long,  and  from  1  to  6  broad. 

DEVERTE,  bay  of  New  Brunswick,  on  the 
NE.  coast.  Lon.  from  W.  13°  10'  E.  lat.  46°  N. 
DEVIL'S  HOLE,  chasm  of  rocks,  forming 
a  bay  on  E.  side  of  the  Niagara,  N.  Y.  4  m 
below  the  Falls.  It  is  semicircular,  about 
1,200  feet  in  circumference,  and  is  remarkable 
for  a  great  eddy,  and  a  violent  commotion  of 
the  water. 

DEVIL'S  ISLAND,  Key  and  Race,  names 
given  to  several  small  islands  in  the  West  In 
dies,  and  off  the  E.  coast  of  South  America, 
generally  of  rugged  aspect  and  difficult  to  ap 
proach. 

DEVON,  co.  U.  C.,  S.  off  the  St.  Lawrence, 
between  Hertford  and  Cornwallis  counties. 

DEWEE,  small  island,  S.  C.  in  Charleston 
harbor. 

DEWEYSBURGH,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  28 
m.  ENE.  from  Montpelier. 

DEXTER,  v.  S.  part  of  Penobscot  co.  Me 
125  m.  NE.  from  Portland.  Pop.  885. 

DIAMOND  POINT,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Martinico.  Lon.  61°  W. ;  lat.  14°  25'  N. 

DIAMOND  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs 
into  the  Margallaway,  near  the  E.  border  of 
the  state.  Lat.  44°  48' N. 

DICKINSON,  t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  12  m 
W.  from  Malone,  and  230  N.  from  Albany 
Pop.  446. 

DICKINSON,  t  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  Pop 
2,100. 

DICKINSON,  L  Russel  co.  Va. 
DICKS,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into  the  Ken 
tucky  r.    Length,  50  m. 

DICKSON,  co.  West  Tennessee,  on  the  W 
side  of  the  Cumberland  r.  Pop.  7,261.  Chief 
town,  Charlotte. 

DICKINSON,  t  Franklin  co.  N.  Y. ;  12  m. 
W.  from  Malone.  Pop.  495. 

DICKINSONVILLE,  v.  Franklin  co.  Va. 
279  m.  from  W. 

DICKINSONVILLE,  v.  Powhatan  co.  Va 

DICKS,  r,  runs  into  the  Kentucky,  after  a 

NW.  course  of  50  m.    Lon.  84°  56'  W.  lat 

37°  40'  N. 

DICK'S  CREEK,  Ohio,  empties  into  the 
Miami  from  the  E.  above  Hamilton. 

DICKSON,  co.  W.   Tennessee.    Pop.   in 
1820, 5,190 ;  in  1830,  7,261.  Chief  town,  Char 
otte. 
DICKSVILLE  v.  Guilford  co.  N.  C. 


DIGBY,  t.  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  An- 
napolis ;  15  m.  SW.  from  Annapolis. 

DIGIDUASH,  r.  New  Brunswick,  which 
runs  into  Passamaquoddy  Bay. 

DIGG'S  POINT,  point,  Md.  at  the  conflu 
ence  of  Piscataway  river  with  the  Potomac. 

DIGHTON,  t  and  port  of  entry,  Bristol  co. 
VI ass.  on  W.  side  of  Taunton  river ;  7  m.  SSW 
rom  Taunton,  39  S.  from  Boston,  434  from 
W.  Pop.  1,737.  All  the  shipping  of  Wel- 
ington,  Taunton,  Troy,  Freetown,  Berkeley, 
Somerset,  and  Swansey,  is  entered  at  this  port. 
There  is  in  this  town,  near  the  river,  a  rock, 
which  contains  a  remarkable  hieroglyphic  in 
scription,  of  which  no  satisfactory  explanation 
las  yet  been  given. 

DILLIARDSVILLE,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  C. 

DILLIARDSVILLE,  v.  Rutherford  co. 
Ten. 

DILL'S  FERRY,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

DINGMANSBURG,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  E.  branch  of  Great  Miami  river,  below  the 
mouth  of  Musquitoe  creek;  11  m.  above  Pi- 
qua,  19  above  Troy. 

DINGMAN'S  FERRY,  over  Delaware  r. 
Pike  co.  Pa.;  28  m.  above  Delaware  Water 
Gap,  and  8  below  Milford. 

DILLSBURG,  t.  York  co.  Pa.;  96  m. 
from  W. 

DINWIDDIE,  co.  Va. ;  bounded  N.  by  the 
Appomatox,  which  separates  it  from  Chester 
field  co.  E.  by  Prince  George  co.  SE.  by  Sus 
sex  co.  SW.  by  Brunswick  and  Lunenburg 
cos.  W.  by  Nottoway  co.  and  NW.  by  Amelia 
co.  The  county  court-house  is  situated  14  m. 
SW.  from  Petersburg,  164  from  W.  Pop. 
18,637.  Chief  town,  Petersburg.  Near  the 
C.  H.  there  is  an  academy. 

DIPPER  HARBOR,  New  Brunswick,  in 
the  Bay  of  Fundy,  24  m.  SW  from  St.  Johns. 

DISAPPOINTMENT,  Cape,.  It  is  the  N. 
point  of  the  mouth  of  Columbia  river.  Lon. 
48°  from  W.  lat.  46°  19'  N. 

DISMAL  SWAMP,  large  tract  of  marshy 
land,  beginning  a  little  S.  of  Norfolk  in  Virginia, 
and  extending  into  N.  Carolina,  to  the  amount 
of  150,000  acres ;  30  m.  long  from  N.  to  S.  and 
10  broad.  This  tract  is  entirely  covered  with 
trees,  some  of  which  grow  to  a  very  large  size ; 
and  between  them  the  brushwood  springs  up 
so  thick,  that  many  parts  are  utterly  imper 
vious.  In  the  midst  of  the  swamp  is  a  lake, 
called  Drummond's  Pond,  7  miles  in  length. 
This  lake  furnishes  water  for  the  canal  which 
connects  Elizabeth  river  with  the  Pasquotank. 
The  Pasquotank  flows  from  this  lake  south, 
and  the  Nansemond  flows  from  it  north. 

DIVIDING  CREEK,  v.  Cumberland  co. 
N.  J. ;  200  m.  from  W. 

DIVIDING  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  flows 
between  Lancaster  and  Northumberland  cos 
into  the  Chesapeake. 

DIVISION,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. ;  23  m. 
E.  from  Auburn,  170  W.  from  Albany,  389 
from  W. 

DIXFIELD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me. ;  18  m.  NE. 
from  Paris.  Pop.  890. 

DIXHILLS,  v.  in  Huntingdon  co.  N.  Y 


254 


DIX— DOV 


DIXMONT,  or  Collegetown,  t.  Penobscot 
co.  Me. ;  40  m.  NW.  from  Castine,  220  NE. 
from  Boston,  666  from  W.     Pop.  945. 
DIXON,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio. 
DIXON'S  SPRINGS,  v.  Smith  co.  Ten. 
DIXVJLLE,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.;  110  m.  N. 
from  Concord. 

DIXVILLE,  v.  Henry  co.  Va. 
DOBBS,  Cape,  in  Hudson's  Bay,  at  the  S. 
side  of  the  entrance  of  Wager's  river.     Lon 
86°  30'  W.  lat.  65°  N. 

DOBOY  SOUND  and  INLET,  on  the  coast 
of  Georgia,  which  receives  the  N.  branch  of  the 
Alatamaha  river.  The  bar  has  14  feet  at  low 
water,  and  is  in  lat.  31°  20'  N. 

DOBSON'S  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Stokes  co. 
N.C. 

DOG  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  which  passes 
by  Fort  William,  and  runs  into  Lake  Superior 
just  below. 

DOG'S  RIVER,  r.  Alabama,  which  runs 
mto  the  W.  side  of  Mobile  Bay,  Ion.  88°  3'  W. 
lat  30°  40'  N. 

DOMAINE,  Riviere  du,  r.  Lower  Canada 
which  flows  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  6  m.  below 
the  Island  of  Orleans. 

DOMINGO,  St.  or  Hispaniola,  one  of  the 
richest  islands  in  the  West  Indies,  400  m.  in 
length,  and  75  in  breadth.  It  was  discovercc 
by  Columbus  in  1492,  and  is  surrounded  by 
craggy  rocks  and  dangerous  shoals.  It  has  j 
great  many  rivers,  and  mines  of  gold,  talc,  am 
crystal.  The  Spaniards  had  possession  of  the 
whole  island  for  120  years.  They  were  after 
wards  forced  to  divide  the  island  with  the 
French.  Since  the  revolution  in  France,  this 
island  has  been  subject  to  great  calamities.  In 
1791,  an  insurrection  began  in  the  French 
plantations,  which,  after  a  series  of  sanguinary 
scenes,  has  terminated  in  the  establishment  of 
a  free  African  state,  under  the  name  of  the 
Republic  of  Hayti.  In  1821,  the  Spanish  par 
fell  also  under  the  authority  of  Boyer,  the  presi 
dent  or  king,  and  left  him  master  of  the  whole 
island.  St.  Domingo  has  Cuba  W.  Porto  Rice 
E.  and  Jamaica  SW. 

DOMINGO,  St.  capital  of  the  E.  part  of  th 
Island  of  St.  Domingo,  on  a  navigable  river.  I 
had  formerly  a  harbor,  but  it  is  now  choke 
up  with  sand.  Though  its  trade  has  been 
long  extinct,  it  was  in  a  respectable  conditio: 
while  it  continued  in  the  hands  of  the  Span 
iards.  The  city  itself  is  large,  well  built  o: 
stone,  and  defended  by  batteries.  Lon.  70 
10'  W.  lat  18°  20'  N. 

DOMINICA,  one  of  the  windward  Caribbe 
islands  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  lies  about  hal 
way  between  Guadaloupe  and  Martinico,  an 
is  28  m.  long  and  13  broad.  It  was  taken  b 
the  English  in  1761,  and  confirmed  to  them  b 
the  peace  of  1763.  The  French  took  it  in  1778 
but  restored  it  in  1783.  The  capital  is  Char 
lottetown. 

DON,  r.  Upper  Canada,  runs  into  Lake  On 
tario  at  York  Harbor. 

DONALDSON,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 

DONALDSONVILLE,  t.  in  the  parish  o 

Ascension,  La.  on  the  W  bank  of  the  Missis 


ppi,  at  the  efflux  of  the  Lafburche,  90  m. 
bove  New  Orleans. 

DONEGAL,  t  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  on  NE. 
ide  of  the  Susquehannah ;  18  ra.  WNW.  from 
ancaster. 

DONEGAL,  t  Washington  co.  Pa.  It  lies 
>W.  from  W. 

DONEGAL,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.;  E. 
f  Laurel  Hill. 

DONEGAL,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa. 
DONNA  MARIA  BAY,  on  the  W.  coast 
f  the  island  of  Hispaniola. 

DORCHESTER,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H  ;  15 
m.  from  Plymouth.  Pop.  702. 

DORCHESTER,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass. ;  3  m. 

from  Boston.  Pop.  4,064.  It  is  a  very 
Peasant  town,  and  contains  many  fine  country- 
seats,  a  town-house,  and  4  houses  of  public 
worship,  3  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for 
Vlethodists ;  and  has  some  manufactures. 

DORCHESTER,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  extending 
along  the  E.  bank  of  the  Chaudiere. 
DORCHESTER,  t.  Middlesex  co.  U.  C. 

DORCHESTER,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Morris  river,  5  m.  from  its 
mouth,  17  E.  from  Fairfield. 

DORCHESTER,  co.  Md.  on  the  eastern 
shore  of  the  Chesapeake,  bounded  N.  by  Tal- 
)ot  and  Caroline  counties,  E.  by  Delaware,  S 
and  W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  Pop.  18,685 
Dhief  town,  Cambridge. 

DORCHESTER,  t.  and  cap.  Colleton  dis- 
;rict,  S.  C.  on  Ashley  river,  18m.  WNW.  from 
Charleston. 

DORSET,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  about  25 
m.  N.  from  Bennington.  Pop.  1,507. 

DOUBLE-BRIDGE,  v.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 

DOUGHTY'S  FALLS,  v.  York  co.  Maine. 

DOUGLAS,  Cape,  lofty  promontory  on  the 
W.  coast  of  America,  within  the  entrance  of 
Cook's  river.  It  was  discovered  by  captain 
Cook  in  1778.  Its  summit  forms  two  very 
high  mountains.  Lon.  from  W.  75°  30'  W. 
lat.  58°  N. 

DOUGLAS  ISLAND,  between  Admiralty 
island  and  the  NW.  coast  of  America.  Lat. 
58°16'N. 

DOUGLASS,  v.  Worcester  co.  Mass.,  25  m. 
from  Providence,  R.  I.,  4  from  the  NW.  angle 
of  that  state,  and  39  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
in  1820,  1,375  ;  in  1830,  1,742. 

DOUGLASS,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Schuylkill. 

DOUGLASS,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

DOUGLASS-MILLS,  v.  Cumberland  co 
Pa. 

DOVE,  cape,  on  the  coast  of  Nova  Scotia. 
Lon.  64°  W.  lat.  54°  20'  N. 

DOVER,  t.  and  cap.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  12 
m.  NNW.  from  Portsmouth.  Lat.  43°  11'  N. 
long.  70°  50' W.  Pop.  5,449.  The  village  is 
at  the  head  of  the  tide,  on  Cocheco  river,  4  m. 
above  its  junction  with  Salmon  Falls  river.  It 
is  an  ancient  town,  having  been  incorporated 
in  1633,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
bank,  a  printing-office,  and  two  houses  for  pub. 
He  worship,  1  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  fo^ 


DOV— DUG 


255 


Friends.  Dover  has  of  late  made  much  pro 
gress  in  manufactures.  A  company  with  a 
capital  of  $500,000,  have  erected  a  rolling  and 
ulitting  mill  and  nail  factory,  at  which  1,000 
tons  of  iron  are  rolled  and  600  or  700  cut  into 
nails  annually,  and  2  cotton  factories,  one  of 
which  has  4,000  spindles  and  120  or  130  looms, 
and  is  calculated  to  produce  20,000  yards  of 
cloth  per  week.  Other  improvements  are  be 
gun.  Dover  has  daily  communications  with 
Portsmouth  by  a  packet-boat. 

DOVER,  Penobscot  co.  Me.  155  m.  NE. 
from  Portland. 

DOVER,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.    Pop.  831. 

DOVER,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass,  on  Charles  r. 
7  m.  W.  from  Dedharn,  16  SW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  497. 

DOVER,  v.  Kent  co.  Del.  and  the  seat  of 
state  government;  situated  on  Jones'  creek, 
near  its  junction  with  the  river  Delaware, 
about  36  m.  S.  of  Newcastle.  This  small  town 
is  neatly  built,  the  houses  being  mostly  of 
bricks,  and  the  streets  disposed  with  regularity. 
In  the  centre  is  a  handsome  square,  on  which 
the  state-house  and  public  offices  are  erected. 
It  lies  in  the  lat.  of  39°  10'  N.  and  Ion.  75°  30' 
W.  Pop.  1,300. 

DOVER,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  situated  about  8  m. 
westward  from  York.  Pop.  1,600. 

DOVER,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  in  1820, 
2,193 ;  in  1830,  2,198. 

DOVER,  t  Montnouth  co.  N.  J.  on  Cedar 
Bay  creek,  40  m.  E.  from  Philadelphia. 

DOVER,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  on  a  branch  of 
Conewago  creek.  Pop.  2,000. 

DOVER,  t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  400. 

DOVER,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  700. 

DOVER,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  950. 

DOVER,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Stuart  co. 
Ten.  on  the  left  bank  of  Cumberland  riv.er,  35 
m.  below  Clarksville. 

DOVER,  Kent  co.  U.  C.  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Thames,  opposite  Raleigh. 

DOWNE,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 

DOWNINGTOWN,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  on 
the  E.  side  of  Brandy  wine  creek,  33  m.  W.  by 
N.  from  Philadelphia.  It  is  a  pleasant  village. 

DOYLESTOWN,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  15  m. 
NW.  from  Newton,  26  N.  from  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  2,162. 

DOYLESVILLE,  v.  Feliciana  co.  La. 

DRACUT,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  Pop. 
1,615. 

DRAKE'S  FERRY,  v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.; 
142  m.  from  W. 

DRANSVILLE,  t  Fairfax  co.  Va. 

DRESDEN,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  E.  side 
of  the  Kennebeck ;  9  m.  NW.  from  Wiscasset, 
160  NE.  from  Boston,  W.  613.  Pop.  1,559. 

DRESDEN,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Muskingum,  15  m.  N.  Zanesville. 

DREWSVILLE,  v.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  60 
m.  from  Concord. 

DRIPPING  SPRINGS,  v.  Warren  co.  Ky. 
708  m.  from  W. 

DROMORE,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.,  on  E  side 
of  the  Susquehannah ;  17  m.  S.  from  Lancas 
ter.  Pop.  1,500. 

DROWNED   LANDS,  raluable  tract  of 


about  50,000  acres  in  the  state  of  N.  Y.,  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  mountains,  in  Orange  co. 
The  waters,  which  descend  from  the  surround, 
ing  hills,  being  slowly  discharged  by  the  river 
Walkill,  cover  these  vast  meadows  every  win- 
ter,  and  render  them  extremely  fertile. 

DROWNED  MEADOW,  v.  in  Brookhaven, 
N.  Y. ;  3  m.  E.  from  Stony  Brook,  68  E.  from 
New- York,  303  from  W. 

DRUMMONDTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Accomac 
co.  Va. ;  about  25  m.  S.  from  Snowhill,  Md., 
215  m.  from  W.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
jail,  and  about  40  houses. 

DRUMMOND'S  ISLAND,  in  Lake  Huron, 
36  m.  E.  from  Mackinaw.  Here  the  British 
government  maintains  a  garrison,  and  trading 
post. 

DRY  RIDGE,  v.  Pendleton  co.  Ky. 

DRYDEN,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. ;  37  m 
S.  from  Auburn,  170  m.  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
5,206. 

DUANESBURG,  t.  Schenectady  co.  N.  Y. ; 
23  m.  NW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,837. 

DUBLIN, t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.;  12  m.  ESE. 
from  Keene.  Pop.  1,218.  It  lies  on  the  N. 
side  of  Grand  Monadnock,  and  joins  upon 
Jaffrey. 

DUBLIN,  t.  Harford  co.  Md.,  78  m.  from  W. 

DUBLIN,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,000. 

DUBLIN,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

DUBLIN,  t.  and  cap.  Laurens  co.  Georgia, 
on  the  SW.  branch  of  the  Oconee ;  45  m.  S. 
from  Milledgeville,  720  m.  from  W.  It  con- 
tains  a  court-house  and  a  jail. 

DUBLIN,  Lower,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  on  the 
Delaware ;  10  m.  N.  from  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
3,000. 

DUBLIN,  Upper,  t  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  2,102. 

DUBLIN,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  on  the  right 
bank  of  Scioto  river,  12  m.  NW.  from  Colum 
bus.  Pop.  about  100. 

DUBOIS,  or  Lake  of  the  Woods,  lake  of 
British  N.  America,  W.  from  Lake  La  Pluie. 
or  Lake  Rain.  The  river  La  Pluie  flows  from 
the  latter  to  the  former.  The  discharge  of  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods  is  again  into  Lake  Winni- 
pec.  The  NW.  boundary  of  the  U.  S.  on  N. 
lat.  49°  intersects  the  W.  bank  of  the  Lake  of 
the  Woods. 

DUBOIS,  co.  Ind.,  bounded  by  Perry  SE., 
Spencer  S.,  Warwick  SW.,  Pike  W.,  Davies 
NW.,  Owen  N.,  and  Orange  and  Crawford  E., 
length  20  m.,  mean  width  18  m.  Pop.  in  1820, 
1,168 ;  in  1830, 1,774.  Portersville,  chief  town. 

DUBUQUE'S  ,LEAD-MINES,  Miso.  the 
name  of  a  tract  of  country  commencing  60  m. 
below  Prairie  du  Chien,  and  extending  about 
20  miles  along  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
by  9  in  depth.  It  contains  rich  lead-mineu, 
which  are  wrought  by  the  Indians. 

DUCHAT,  small  r.  Indiana,  flows  from  the 
N.  into  the  Wabash,  between  Fort  Harrison 
and  Tippecanoe  creek. 

DUCHENE,  r.  Lower  Canada,  runs  from 
the  N.  into  the  St.  Lawrence  opposite  Isle  Je- 
sus.  Long.  71°  54'  W.  lat.  46°  45'  N. 

DUCK,  r.  Tennessee,  which  rises  in  Frank 
lin  co.  and  flows  W.  by  N.  through  Bedford, 


256 


DUG— DUR 


Maury,  Hickman,  and  Humphreys  cos.,  and 
on  W.  side  of  the  last  joins  the  Tennessee, 
about  80  m.  W.  from  Nashville.  It  is  naviga 
ble  for  boats  90  miles. 

DUCK  CREEK,  hundred,  in  N.  side  of  Kent 
co.  Delaware.  Pop.  4,000. 

DUCK  CREEK,  r.  Del.,  which  runs  into 
Delaware  bay 

DUCK  CREEK,  Little,  r.  Del.,  which  runs 
into  Delaware  bay. 

DUCK  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  flows  into 
the  Ohio,  1  m.  above  Marietta. 

DUCK  ISLANDS,  two  small  islands  in  the 
Atlantic,  near  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  64°  4 
W.  lat.  44°  10'  N. 

DUCK  ISLANDS,  Upper  Canada,  in  Lake 
Ontario,  near  its  outlet,  with  a  good  harbor. 

DUCK  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  coast 
of  Maine.  Lon.  67°  43'  W.  lat.  44°  45'  N. 

DUCK  RIVER,  small  r.  Michigan  territory, 
which  flows  into  the  west  side  of  Green-bay, 
about  3  miles  from  Fort  Howard. 

DUDLEY,  t  Worcester  co.  Mass. ;  18  m. 
SSW.  from  Worcester,  55  SW.  from  Boston, 
380  from  W.  Pop.  2,155. 

DUDLEY  ISLAND,  island  in  Passama- 
quoddy  bay,  Maine,  belonging  to  Eastport. 

DUFF'S  FORKS,  v.  Fayette  co.  Ohio. 

DUGDOMONI,  the  western  branch  of  the 
Octahoola,  Louisiana. 

DUKE'S,  co.  Mass.  It  comprises  Martha's 
Vineyard  and  the  Elizabeth  Islands.  Pop.  3,518. 
Chief  town,  Edgartown. 

DULCE,  r.  of  N.  America,  in  Costa  Rica, 
and  Veragua,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Dulce,  after 
separating  the  two  provinces  from  which  it 
flows. 

DULCE,  gulf  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  into 
which  the  river  Dulce  is  discharged,  lat.  9°  N. 

DUMFRIES,  t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  of 
Prince  William  co.  Va.,  on  the  Quantico,  which 
falls  into  the  Potomac  3  m.  below  the  town ; 
33  m.  S.  from  W.,  88  N.  from  Richmond.  Lon. 
77°  28'  W.  lat.  38°  40'  N.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  a  meeting-house,  a  large  ware 
house,  and  about  300  buildings ;  and  has  some 
trade.  The  Quantico  is  navigable  as  far  as  to 
the  town  for  boats  of  20  tons.  At  the  mouth 
of  the  river  there  is  a  very  handsome  and  ex 
cellent  harbor. 

DUMMER,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  95  m.  N.  from 
Concord.  Pop.  65. 

DUMMERSTON,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.;  31 
m.  E.  from  Bennington,  5  N.  from  Brattlebo- 
rough,  431  from  W.  Pop.  1,592. 

DUMSBURG,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

DUNBAR,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 

DUNBARTON,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Merrimack,  opposite  Chester ; 
18  m.  N.  from  Amherst,  55  W.  from  Ports 
mouth.  Pop.  1,067. 

DUNCAN,  fort,  U.  C.  at  the  N.  end  of  lake 
Nipigon. 

DUNCAN'S  CANAL,  inlet  on  an  island  off 
the  NW.  coast  of  America,  in  lat.  56°  58'  N. 

DUNCANSVILLE,  v.  Barnwell  district,  S. 
C.  623  m.  from  W. 

DUNDAFF,  v.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 


DUNDAS  ISLAND,  on  the  NW.  coast  of 
America.  Lat.  54°  30' N. 

DUNDAS,  co.  of  Upper  Canada,  bounded  E. 
by  Stormont,  SE.  by  St.  Lawrence  river,  W. 
by  Greenville,  and  N.  by  Ottawa  river. 

DUNGENESS,  New,  point,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America,  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf 
of  New  Georgia.  Lat.  48°  15'  N. 

DUNHAM,  t.  Bedford  co.  L.C.  on  the  SW. 
branch  of  the  Yamaska.  It  is  a  fertile  tract 
of  country.  Pop.  1,700. 

DUNKARD,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,055. 

DUNKIRK,  v.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake 
Erie,  7  m.  from  the  head  of  Casada  Lake. 

DUNKIRK,  t.  King  and  Queen  co.  Va.  25 
m.  from  Portroyal,  116  from  W. 

DUNKLIN'S,  v.  Newbury  co.  S.  C. 

DUNLAPSVILLE,  v.  on  E.  branch  of 
White  Water  river,  Union  co.  In.  50  m.  NW. 
from  Cincinnati,  and  83  a  little  S.  of  E.  from 
Indianapolis. 

DUNNING  STREET,  v.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y 
30  m.  N.  from  Albany 

DUNNSBURG,  v.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

DUNSTABLE,  t  Hillsborough  eo.  N.  H. 
on  the  W.  side  of  Merrimack  river,,  12  m.  SE. 
from  Amherst,  40  NW.  from  Boston.  Po« 
2,417. 

DUNSTABLE,  t.  Middlesex  eo.  Mass,  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  Merrimaek,  37  m.  NW.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  593. 

DUNSTABLE,  t  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
500. 

DUNSTANVILLE,  v.  Edgefield  district, 
S.  C.  67  m.  W.  from  Columbia. 

DUNVEGAN,  fort,  N.  America,  on  Peace  r. 
Lon.  119°  W.  lat.  56°  N. 

DUNWICK,  t.  Middlesex  co.  U.  C.  on  Lake 
Erie. 

DUNWICH,  t  U.  C.  co.  of  Suffolk,  lies  to 
the  W.  of  Southwold,  having  the  river  Thames 
for  its  N.  and  Lake  Erie  for  its  S.  boundary. 

DUPAGE,  lake,  In.  is  the  expansion  of  the 
river  Des  Planes,  5  miles  before  it  meets  the 
Kankakee. 

DUPLIN,  co.  in  Wilmington  district,  N.  C. 
Pop.  11,373.  Chief  town,  Kenansville.  At 
the  C.  H.  is  a  post-office,  55  m.  N.  from  Wil 
mington. 

DUPLIN,  Old,  v.  Duplin  co.  N.  C. 

DUPREESVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co. 
N  C.  206  m.  from  W. 

DURANT'S  BAY,  inlet  on  the  coast  of 
N.  C.  in  Albemarle  sound.  Lon.  76°  16'  W 
lat.  35°  40'  N. 

DURANT'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  Albe- 
marie  sound,  N.  C.  Lon.  76°  15'  W.  lat  35° 
46' N. 

DURANT'S  POINT,  cape,  on  the  coast  of 
N.  C.  in  Albemarle  sound.  Lon.  76°  30'  W 
at.  36°  5'  N. 

DURANGO,  an  intendency  of  Mexico.  It 
s  bounded  N.  by  New  Mexico,  E.  by  San 
Luis  Potosi,  S.  by  Zacatecas  and  Guadalaxara, 
and  W.  by  Sonora.  It  contains  129,947  eq. 
ms.  and  only  159,700  inhabitants. 

DURANGO,  t.  Mexico,  in  the  intendency 
of  Durango,  It  is  the  residence  of  the  in 


DUR— EAS 


257 


tcndent  and  of  a  bishop :  170  leagues  NW. 
from  the  city  of  Mexico.  Pop.  12,000. 

DURHAM,  t  Buckingham  co.  L.C.  between 
Wickham  and  Melborne,  60  m.  E.  from  Mont 
real. 

DURHAM,  t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  NW. 
from  Athens.  Pop.  in  1820,  2,979 ;  in  1830, 
3,039. 

DURHAM,  co.  U.  C. 

DURHAM,  northern  t.  of  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  river  Delaware,  12  m.  S. 
from  Easton.  Pop.  526. 

DURHAM,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  on  the 
Androscoggin,  26  m.  NE.  from  Portland.  Pop. 
1,731. 

DURHAM,  t  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  7  m.  S.  from 
Middletown,  18  NE.  from  New  Haven.  Pop. 
1,116. 

DURHAM,  formerly  Freehold,  t.  Greene  co. 
N.  Y.  on  Catskill  r.  20  m.  NW.  from  Athens, 
30  SW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  3,039.  It  con- 
tains  1  Methodist  and  2  Presbyterian  churches, 
and  a  public  library  of  500  volumes. 

DURHAM,  New,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  38  m. 
NW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  1,606. 

DURHAM  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  Delaware,  Ion.  75°  15'  W.  lat.  40°  35'  N. 

DUTCHESS,  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
Hudson,  bounded  N.  by  Columbia  co.  E.  by 
Connecticut,  S.  by  Putnam  co.  and  W.  by  the 
Hudson,  which  separates  it  from  Orange  and 
Ulster  counties.  Pop.  50,926.  Chief  town, 
Poughkeepsie. 

DUTCH  SETTLEMENT,  v.  in  Catharines, 
Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 

DUTOTSBURG,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

DUTTON,  v.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  135  m. 
NE.  from  Portland.  Pop.  652. 

DUTY'S,  v.  Sumner  co.  Ten. 

DUTYSVILLE,  v.  Sumner  co.  Ten. 

DUXBOROUGH,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  10 
m.  N.  from  Plymouth,  38  SE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  2,705.  A  number  of  vessels  are  owned 
here,  and  employed  in  the  coasting  trade  and 
the  fisheries. 

DUXBURY,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  on  Onion 
river,  13  m.  W.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  652. 

DWIGHT,  Arkansas  territory,  a  missionary 
station  among  the  Cherokees,  established  in 
1820  by  the  American  Board  of  Foreign  Mis 
sions.  It  is  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Illinois  r. 
which  empties  into  the  Arkansas  4  m.  below, 
and  is  navigable  for  keel-boats  to  Dwigbt.  The 
site  of  the  settlement  is  a  small  eminence,  at 
the  foot  of  which  issues  a  large  spring  of  pure 
water.  The  lands  on  both  sides  of  the  river 
are  fertile,  and  there  is  a  good  mill-seat  in  the 
vicinity.  Houses  are  erected  for  the  accom 
modation  of  the  mission  family,  and  a  school 
is  opened.  It  is  200  m.  above  the  town  of  Ar 
kansas,  130  above  Little  Rock,  500,  as  the  river 
runs,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas,  100  be 
low  Fort  Smith. 

DYBERRY,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.    Pop.  400. 

DYER'S  ISLAND,  in  the  head  of  the  bay 
of  Quinte,  lies  to  the  eastward  of  Missassaga 
Island,  U.  C. 

DYER,  v.  Dyer  co.  Ten. 

DYER,  co.  of  Ten.  situation  and  boundaries 
2H 


uncertain.   It  has  been  recently  erected    Pop. 
1,904.     Dyersburg  is  the  capital 

E. 

EAGLE,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio. 

EAGLE,  t.  Hockhocking  co.  Ohio. 

EAGLE,  t.  St.  Clair  co.  Illinois. 

EAGLE  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  flows  into 
the  Ohio,  10  m.  below  Maysville,  Ken. 

EAGLE  ISLAND,  Hancock  co.  Maine. 

EAGLE  RIVER,  a  river  of  N.  America, 
which  runs  into  the  Mississippi.  Lon.  92°  14' 
W.  lat.  433  50'  N. 

EAGLE  VILLE,  r.  in  Manlras,  N.  Y.  1 J  m. 
E.  from  Manlius  village. 

EAGLEVILLE,  t.  Alabama,  on  the  Tom- 
bigbee,  just  below  the  junction  of  the  Black 
Warrior.  It  is  the  chief  town  of  a  French 
settlement,  and  is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  very 
fertile  country. 

EARDLEY,  t.  York  co.  L.C.  on  Ottawa  r. 
NW.  of  Montreal. 

EARL,  t.  Berks  eo.  Pa.    Pop.  850. 

EARL,  t  Lancaster  eo.  Pa.  on  Conestoga 
creek.  Pop.  5,100. 

EARLY,  co.  Geo.    Pop.  2,051. 

EARTHQUAKE  LAKE,  lake,  Missouri, 
about  40  rn.  W.  from  New  Madrid.  It  is  about 
20  miles  long. 

EAST  BRANCH,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  the 
Little  Miami,  in  N.  part  of  Hamilton  co. 

EAST  ANDOVER,  t.  of  Oxford  co.  Maine, 
30  m.  NW.  from  Paris. 

EAST  BAY,  in  Adolphustown,  Bay  of 
Quinte,  U.  C.  is  where  the  forks  of  the  N. 
Channel  open,  descending  south-westerly  from 
Hay  bay. 

EAST  BECKET,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  25 
m.  W.  from  Northampton. 

EAST  BETHEL,  v.  Oxford  co.  Me.  71  m. 
from  Portland. 

EAST  BLOOMFIELD,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 
6  m.  W.  from  Canandaigua. 

EAST-BRIDGEWATER,  v.  Plymouth  co. 
Mass.  Pop.  1,653. 

EAST-CHESTER,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
8  m.  S.  from  White  Plains,  20  N.  from  New 
York.  Pop.  1,300. 

EASTERN,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 

EASTERN  BAY,  bay  on  E.  side  of  Ches 
apeake  Bay.  Lat.  38°  50'  N. 

EASTERN  NECK,  id.  E.  side  of  Chesa 
peake  Bay,  at  N.  entrance  of  Chester  river;  3£ 
miles  long,  \  broad. 

EASTERN  RIVER,  r.  Maine,  which  joins 
the  Kennebeck,  at  Dresden. 

EASTERTON,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  E.  side 
of  the  Susquehannah,  4m.  above  Harrisburg. 

EASTHAM,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass,  on 
Barnstable  Bay,  24  m.  ENE.  from  Barnstable, 
89  SE.  from  Boston,  519  from  W.  Pop.  966. 

EAST-DISTRICT,  t  Berks  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
956. 

EAST  FALLS  OF  MACHIAS,  v.  Wash 
ington  co.  Maine,  5  m.  E.  from  Maohias,  780 
from  W. 

EASTERN  DISTRICT,  of  U.  C.  bounded 
E.  by  the  province  of  L.  C.,  S.  by  the  river  St 
Lawrence,  N.  by  the  Ottawa  river,  and  W.  by 


258 


EAS— EAT 


a  meridian  passing  through  the  mouth  of  the 
Gananoque  river,  in  Leeds  co. 

EAST  GOSHEN,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  6  m. 
N.  from  Litchfield. 

EAST  GREEN WICH,t.  and  cap.  Kent  co. 
R.  I.  on  an  arm  of  Narraganset  Bay,  16  m.  S. 
from  Providence,  22  NNW.  from  Newport. 
Pop.  1,591.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jail, 
academy,  and  two  churches. 

EAST  GUILFORD,  v.  in  Guilford,  New 
Haven  co.  Ct. 

EAST  HADDAM,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  on 
the  E.  side  of  Connecticut  river,  14  m.  S.  from 
Middletown,  21  NW.  from  New  London.  Pop. 
2,763.  It  contains  4  churches,  3  for  Congre 
gational  ists,  and  1  for  Episcopalians. 

EAST  HAMBURG,  t.  Erie  co.  N.  Y. 

EAST-HAMPTON,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 
5  m.  S.  from  Northampton,  90  m.  W.  from  Bos 
ton.  Pop.  734. 

EAST-HAMPTON,  t.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  SE. 
part  of  Long  Island,  110  m.  E.  from  New  York, 
347  from  W.  Pop.  1,668.  It  includes  Mon- 
tauk  and  Gardner's  Island.  Clinton  academy 
is  in  this  town.  It  is  a  respectable  seminary. 

EAST  HARTFORD,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on 
the  E.  side  of  Connecticut  river,  opposite  Hart 
ford,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge. 
Pop.  3,373.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  for  Con- 
gregationalists,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Meth 
odists.  Here  are  numerous  mills  and  manu 
factories.  About  f  of  a  mile  from  the  river  is 
a  wide  street,  compactly  settled,  with  a  row  of 
stately  elms  in  the  middle,  extending  2  m. 

EAST-HAVEN,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  45  m.  NE. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  33. 

EAST-HAVEN,  t.  Hew-Havcn  co.  Ct.  4  m. 
E.  from  New-Haven.  Pop.  1,229. 

EAST  HECTOR,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  12 
in.  W.  from  Ithaca.  Pop.  5,212. 

EAST  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lat.  32°  N. 

EAST  KINGSTON,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N. 
H.  22  m.  SVV.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  443. 

EAST  LIVERMORE,  t.  Oxford  co.Me.on 
E.  side  of  Androscoggin  r.  66  m.  from  Portland. 

EAST  MAIN,  part  of  New  Britain,  on  the 
peninsula  of  Labrador ;  lies  along  the  E.  shore 
of  James'  Bay. 

EAST  MAIN  HOUSE,  one  of  the  British 
stations  for  Indian  fur  trade,  stands  on  a  river 
flowing  into  James'  Bay.  Lat.  52°  15'  N. 

EAST  MARLBOROUGH,  t.  Chester  co. 
Pa.  on  Red  Clay  creek,  9  in.  S.  from  Downing- 
town.  Pop.  1,050. 

EAST  MINOT,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  39 
m.  N.  from  Portland.  The  township  of  East 
Minot  forms  the  NE.  angle  of  the  county. 
Pop.  2,908. 

EASTON,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  10  m.  N.  from 
Taunton,  22  S.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,756. 

EASTON,  t  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  16  m.  SW.  from  Salem,  27  N.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  3,753. 

EASTON,  t.  and  cap.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Delaware,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Lehigh,  12  m.  NE.  from  Bethle 
hem,  58  N.  from  Philadelphia.  Pop.  3,589.  It 


is  regularly  laid  out  and  contains  a  court-house, 
jail,  academy,  and  2  banks.  There  is  a  bridge 
over  the  Delaware  at  this  place,  570  feet  long. 
The  Delaware,  Morris,  and  Lehigh  canals  unite 
at  this  place.  It  is  190  m.  from  W. 

EASTON,  t.  and  cap.  Talbot  co.  Md.  is  on 
Treadhaven  creek,  12  m.  above  its  junction 
with  the  Choptank,  42  ESE.  from  Annapolis, 
37  S.  from  Chester.  It  is  the  largest  town  on 
the  E.  shore  of  Maryland,  and  a  place  of  con 
siderable  business.  It  contains  a  bank,  acad 
emy,  arsenal,  court-house,  jail,  two  printing- 
offices,  and  4  houses  for  public  worship ;  1  for 
Methodists,  1  for  Episcopalians,  1  for  Friends, 
and  1  for  blacks.  Pop.  about  1,600.  It  is  84 
m.  from  W. 

EAST  PITTSTON,  t.  in  the  southern  part 
of  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  E.  from  Kennebeck  r. 
and  60  m.  NE.  from  Portland. 

EASTPORT,  v.  and  port  of  entry,  Wash 
ington  co.  Me.  at  the  mouth  of  Cobscook  river, 
280  m.  NE.  from  Portland.  This  town  has 
rapidly  increased ;  its  shipping  exceeds  7,000 
tons.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,937 ;  in  1830,  2,450. 

EAST  PULTNEY,  a  small  river,  rising  in 
Rutland  co.  Vt.  which  enters  Lake  Champlain 
at  Whitehall,  and  from  thai  place  to  the  village 
of  Pultney,  separates  N.  York  from  Vermont. 

EAST  RIVER,  r.  or  rather  a  channel  or 
sound,  between  Long  Island  and  New  York 
Island,  and  between  Long  Island  and  the  state 
of  Connecticut,  where  it  is  more  generally 
called  Long  Island  Sound. 

EAST  RIVER,  port  of  entry,  Va,  Amount 
of  shipping,  1,788  tons. 

EAST  RIVER,  Florida,  runs  into  Pensaco- 
la  Bay. 

EAST  SUDBURY,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
18  m.  W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  944. 

EAST  TOWN,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  Pop.  587. 

EAST  UNION,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  G  m.  E. 
from  Wooster.  Pop.  800. 

EASTVILLE,  v.  on  the  E.  shore  of  Va.  in 
Northampton  co.  164  m.  from  Richmond. 

EAST  WINDSOR,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on 
the  E.  side  of  Connecticut  r.  8  m.  above  Hart 
ford.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,400 ;  in  1830,  3,537. 

EASTWOODFORD,  v.  Union  district,  S.C. 
116  m.  NNW.  from  Columbia. 

EATON,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  84  m. 
SSE.  from  Three  Rivers. 

EATON,  t.  Stafford  co.  N.  H.,  on  Ossipee 
Lake,  50  m.  NE.  from  Concord.  Pop.  in 
1820,  1,071 ;  in  1830, 1,432. 

EATON,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y  on  the  head 
of  Chenango  r.  30  m.  SW.  from  Utica.  Pop. 
in  1820,  3,021 ;  in  1830,  3,558. 

EATON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Preble  co. 
Ohio.  The  village  is  seated  near  a  quarter  of 
a  mile  from  Old  Fort  St.  Clair,  34  m.  W.  from 
Dayton,  and  50  N.  from  Cincinnati.  Pop.  511. 
Lat.  39°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  7°  38'  W. 

EATON'S  NECK,  the  N.  extremity  of  Hun- 
tington,  in  Suffolk  co.  on  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 
where  a  light-house  is  erected, 

EATON'S  NECK  LIGHT-HOUSE,  Hun- 
tington,  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y  on  Long  Island.  It 
is  situated  on  a  point  of  land  N.  from  Hunting- 


EAT— EDW 


ton  Bay,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  40  m,  ENE. 
from  New  York,  and  nearly  opposite  Norwalk 
in  Connecticut. 

EATONTON,  t.  and  cap,  Putnam  co,  Geo, 
in  a  very  healthy  situation.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  jail,  academy,  and-a  church,  which 
is  erected  on  the  academy  square,  and  is  open 
to  Christians  of  every  denomination.  The 
academy  consists  of  2  handsome  2  story  build 
ings,  150  yards  apart,  one  for  males  and  the 
other  for  females,  and  has  a  library  and  philo 
sophical  apparatus.  It  is  22  m,  NW.  from 
Milledgeville,  and  650  from  W. 

EATONTOWN,  v.  Monmouth  co,  N,  J.  1 
m.  from  the  town  of  Shrewsbury. 

EBENEZER,  creek,  Geo,  runs  SE,  and  falls 
into  Savannah  river  at  Ebenezer. 

EBENEZER,  t  Effingham  co,  Geo.  on  Sa 
vannah  river,  25  m.  NNW.  from  Savannah, 
It  was  settled  in  1735,  by  Protestants  from 
Germany. 

EBENEZER  ACADEMY,  v.  York  co. 
S.  Carolina. 

EBENEZER  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the 
Savannah,  near  Purysburg. 

EBENSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Cambria  co.  Pa, 
53  m.  W.  from  Huntingdon,  75  E.  from  Pitts- 
burg,  190  from  W.  Pop.  270, 

ECONOMY,  a  beautiful  little  village  in 
Beaver  co.  Pa.  on  the  Ohio,  a  few  miles  below 
Pittsburg.  It  is  inhabited  solely  by  the  sect 
of  Harmonists  under  the  celebrated  Rapp. 
The  village  is  regularly  laid  out  with  wide  and 
rectangular  streets.  The  houses  are  mostly 
of  wood.  The  inhabitants  are  Germans,  and 
are  very  industriously  occupied  in  manufac 
tures  and  husbandry.  They  have  a  woollen 
and  cotton  manufactory  with  steam  machinery 
on  a  large  scale,  also  breweries,  distilleries, 
tanyards,  &c.  The  buildings  for  these  are 
generally  of  brick.  Here  is  also  a  handsome 
church,  and  a  spacious  building  with  a  hall  for 
concerts,  a  museum,  a  mineralogical  collection, 
a  mathematical  school,  a  library,  and  a  school 
for  drawing.  Considerable  attention  is  paid  to 
the  cultivation  of  grapes,  and  close  to  the  vil 
lage  is  a  hill  covered  with  vineyards.  All 
their  property  is  held  in  common.  They  car 
ry  on  an  extensive  trade  with  the  neighboring 
country,  and  are  in  a  very  thriving  condition. 
Pop.  about  800. 

EDDENBURG,  v.  Portage  co,  Ohio;  120 
m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

EDDINGTON,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  on  Pe~ 
nobscot  r.  5  m.  E.  from  Bangor.  Pop.  405, 

EDDY  GROVE,  t.  Caldwell  co.  Ken. 

EDDYVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Cald 
well  co.  Ken.  on  the  right  bank  of  Cumberland 
river,  22  m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Smithland  on  the 
Ohio,  and  44  NW.  from  Clarksville,  in  Ten. 
Lat.  37°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  10°  50'  W. 

EDEN,  v.  Hancock  co.  Me.  on  the  island  of 
Mount  Desert,  40  m.  SSE.  from  Bangor,  163 
NE.  by  E.  from  Portland.  Pop.  957. 

EDEN,  v.  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  268  m.  W,  from 
Albany.  Pop.  1,066. 

EDEN,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt. ;  37  m.  N.  from 
Montpelier. 


EDENBURG,  v.  Johnson  co.  In. ;  i>7  m. 
from  Indianapolis. 

EDEN'S  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the  At- 
lantic,  near  the  coast  of  S,  C, 

EDENTON,  s-p.  and  cap,  Chowan  oo.  N,  C. 
at  the  head  of  Edenton  Bay,  which  sets  up 
from  Albemarle  Sound ;  66  m.  S.  from  Nor 
folk,  99  NNE.  from  Newborn,  139  SE.  from 
Petersburg,  Va,  192  NNE.  from  Wilming 
ton,  284  from  W,  Lon,  57°  7'  W.  lat  36°  N, 
It  contains  an  elegant  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
bank,  and  an  Episcopal  church.  It  is  advan 
tageously  situated  for  trade,  but  the  climate 
is  unhealthy.  A  newspaper  is  published  here. 
Pop,  1,500. 

EDGARTOWN,  s-p.  and  cap.  Duke's  cc, 
Mass,  on  E.  part  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  14  rn. 
from  the  main;  87  m.  S.  from  Boston,  500 
fromW.  Lat  41°  25' N.  Pop.  1,509.  It  is 
sometimes  called  Old  Town.  Near  Old  Town 
Harbor  there  is  a  handsome  village,  containing 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  meeting-house,  and 
100  houses.  It  has  considerable  shipping. 

EDGECOMBE,  cape  of  King  George's  Isl 
and,  W.  coast  of  N.  America.  Lon.  58°  15' 
from  W,  lat  57°  2'  N. 

EDGECOMBE,  co.  central  part  of  N.  C. 
Pop.  14,933,  Chief  town,  Tarborough, 

EDGECOMBE,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  opposite 
Wiscasset,  on  Sheepscot  river.  Pop.  1,258. 

EDGEFIELD,  district  of  S.  C.  bounded  by 
Savannah  river  NW.  Abbeville  NE.  Newberry 
N.  and  Lexington,  Orange,  and  Barnwell  SE. 
Length  46  m.  mean  width  40.  Chief  town, 
Edgefield,  Pop.  in  1820,  25,179;  1830, 
30,511. 

EDGMONT,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  Pop.  651. 

EDINBURGH,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. :  26 
m.  N.  from  Ballston,  50  WNW.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  1,571. 

EDINBURGH,  t.  Dearborn  co.  In.  half  a 
mile  from  the  Ohio,  and  near  Lawrenceburg. 

EDINBURGH,  t  Elbert  co,  Geo,  on  Savan 
nah  river. 

EDINBURGH,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  6  m. 
SE.  from  Ravenna.  Pop,  115. 

EDISTO,  v.  Orange  co.  S.  C, ;  577  m.  from 
W. 

EDISTO,  considerable  river  of  S,  Carolina, 
which  rises  in  the  district  of  Edgefield,  and 
after  running  in  a  SE  direction  between 
Barnwell  and  Orangeburgh,  enters  Colleton 
and  falls  into  the  ocean  by  two  separate  out 
lets  in  lat.  32°  25'  N, 

EDISTO,  island  of  Georgia,  formed  by  the 
two  outlets  of  Edisto  river.  It  is  separated 
from  Wadmelau  island,  by  N.  Edisto,  and  is 
fertile  and  well  cultivated. 

EDMESTON,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y. ;  20  m. 
W.  from  Cooperstown,  Pop.  in  1820,  1,841 ; 
1830,  ?^087. 

EDWARDS,  co.  II.  on  the  Wabash.  Pop. 
1,649.  Chief  town,  Albion. 

EDWARDSBURG,t.  Greenville  co.U.  C.  on 
St  Lawrence  river,  67  m.  NE.  from  Kingston, 

EDMUNDSVILLE,  v,  Surrey  co.  Va, 

EDWARDSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Madison 
co.  II. ;  15  m.  NNE.  from  Cahokia,  75  N.  from 


260 


EEL— ELI 


Kaskaskia,  836  from  W.  It  is  situated  in  a' 
very  fertile  country,  and  contains  a  land  office, 
a  bank,  and  about  50  houses,  chiefly  built  of 
logs. 

EEL  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs 
into  the  Wabash,  Ion,  86°  27'  W.  lat  40° 
31' N. 

EEL  RIVER  INDIANS,  in  NW.  Terri 
tory,  on  the  head  waters  of  the  Wabash. 

EFFINGHAM,  co.  L.  C.  extends  from  the 
Ottawa  river,  opposite  Isle  Jesus,  in  a  NE. 
direction  between  York  and  Leinster  counties. 
It  lies  NW.  from  Montreal. 

EFFINGHAM,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H. ;  43 
m.  NE.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1820,  1,368 ;  in 
1830, 1,911 

EFFINGHAM,  co.  Geo.  between  Savannah 
and  Great  Ogeechee  rivers,  and  bounded  S.  by 
Chatham,  W.  by  Great  Ogeechee  river,  NW. 
by  Scriven,  and  NE.  and  E.  by  Savannah  river. 
Length  26  m.  width  18.  Chief  town,  Spring 
field.  Pop.  1820,  3,018  ;  in  1830,  2,969. 

EGGHARBOR,  Great,  inlet  and  river,  N.  J. 
The  river  forms  the  boundary  between  Cape 
May  and  Gloucester  counties,  and  runs  into 


the  inlet,  in  lat.  3.9°  22'  N. 
m.  for  vessels  of  200  tons. 


It  is  navigable  20 


EGGHARBOR,  Great,  s-p.  and  port  of  en 
try,  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  on  the  sea-coast,  al 
the  mouth  of  Eggharbor  river,  60  m.  from 
Philadelphia.  Pop.  1,700.  It  has  considera 
ble  shipping. 

EGGHARBOR,  Little,  inlet,  N.  J.  lies  17 
m.  N.  from  Great  Eggharbor  Inlet.  It  re 
ceives  Mulicus  creek,  which  is  navigable  20 
m.  for  vessels  of  60  tons. 

EGGHARBOR,  Little,  s-p.  and  port  of  en 
try,  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  on  the  sea-coast,  6( 
m.  from  Philadelphia.  The  compact  part  of 
the  town  is  called  Clamtown.  Pop.  1,200. 

EGG  ISLAND,  island  on  the  E.  side  of 
Delaware  Bay,  in  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 

EGG  ISLAND,  small  island  on  E.  coast  of 
Virginia,  at  the  mouth  of  York  river. 

EGLISE,  River  de  I',  r.  L.  Canada,  which 
falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence  from  the  N.  44  m. 
below  the  Island  of  Orleans. 

EGMONT  BAY,  on  the  SW.  coast  of  the 


Island  of  St.  John,  in  the  Gulf  of  St  Law 
rence.  Lon.  64°  W.  lat.  46°  30'  N. 

EGMONT  ISLAND,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexi 
co,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  82°  55' 
W.  lat  27°  54'  N. 

EGREMONT,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.;  15 
m.  SSW,  from  Lenox.  Pop.  889. 

EGYPT,  New,  v.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 

EIGHTEEN  MILE  CREEK,  r.  Ohio, 
which  flows  into  the  Ohio,  18  m.  below  Galli- 

ELBA,  t  Genesee  co,  N.  Y.     Pop.  2,679. 

ELBERT,  co.  N.  part  of  Georgia.  Pop. 
12,354,  of  whom  5,853  were  people  of  color. 
Chief  towns,  Elberton  and  Petersburg, 

ELBERTON,  t  Elbert  co.  Georgia,  on  S. 
side  of  the  Savannah ;  23  m.  NW.  from  Pe- 


NE.  side  of  the  Ogeechee ;  48  m.  NW.  from 
Savannah,  55  SE.  from  Louisville. 

ELBRIDGE,  v.  Camillus,  Onondaga  co. 
N.  York. 

ELDERTON,  v.  Armstrong  co.  Pa.;  190  m. 
W.  from  Harrisburg. 

ELDRIDGE,  v.  Buckingham  co.  Va.;  82 
m.  W.  from  Richmond. 

ELDRIDGE,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

ELEANOR'S  COVE,  a  harbor  on  the 
NW.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  220°  51'  E.  lat. 
59°  44'  N. 

ELIM,  or  Parkersville,  v.  Edgefield  dis 
trict,  S.  C. 

ELIZABETH,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  on  E. 
side  of  the  Monongahela,  about  18  m.  SSE. 
from  Pittsburg.  Pop.  3,050. 

ELIZABETH,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio. 

ELIZABETH,  v.  Harrison  co.  In. 

ELIZABETH,  t.  Leeds  co.  U.  Canada,  op 
posite  Morristown,  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

ELIZABETH,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Essex 
co.  N.  Y.  on  Bouquet  river,  130  m.  N.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  1820,  889;  in  1830,  1,729. 
Lat  44°  12'  N.  Ion.  3°  26'  E.  from  W. 

ELIZABETH,  r.  Va.  is  formed  by  the  union 
of  two  branches,  at  Norfolk,  and  flows  into 
Hampton  Roads,  8  m.  below.  It  is  from  150 
to  200  fathoms  wide,  and  at  common  floods 
has  18  feet  water  to  Norfolk.  Its  entrance  is 
defended  by  a  fort ;  see  Craney  Island.  Tho 
canal,  connecting  the  waters  of  Albemarle 
Sound  with  Chesapeake  Bay,  communicate 
with  the  S.  branch  of  Elizabeth  river,  9  m. 
above  Norfolk. 

ELIZABETH,  t  Lawrence  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
295. 

ELIZABETH,  v.  Callaway  co.  Miso.  about 
25  m.  NE.  from  Osage,  at  the  mouth  of  Osage 
river,  and  by  the  post  route,  10  m.  W.  from 
St  Charles. 

ELIZABETH  CAPE,  the  NE.  point  at  the 
entrance  of  Cook's  inlet.  Lat.  59°  9'  N.— 
There  is  another  cape  of  this  name,  on  the 
Main.  Lat43c22'N. 

ELIZABETH  CITY,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Pasquotank  co.  N.  C.  on  the  right  bank  of  Pas- 
quotank  r.  45  m.  S.  from  Norfolk,  and  35  NE. 
from  Edenton.  Lat  36°  12'  N. 

ELIZABETH  CITY,  co.  Va.  between  York 
and  James  rivers,  having  York  and  Warwick 
counties  on  the  W.  Pop.  5,068.  Chief  town, 
Hampton. 

ELIZABETH  ISLANDS,  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Mass,  between  Martha's  Vineyard  and  the 
main  land  belonging  to  Duke's  county.     Lon. 
'_7Qo  56'  W. ;  lat  41°  24'— 41°  32'  N 


tersburg,  655  from  W. 
tice  for  the  county. 


It  is  the  seat  of  jus- 


ELBERTON,  t.  Effingham  co.  Georgia,  on 


They  are  about  16  in  number,  the  principal 
of  which  are  Nashawn,  Pasqui,  Nashawenua, 
Pinequese,  and  Cuttyhunk. 

ELIZABETH  RIVER,  r.  N.C.  which  runs 
into  the  Neuse.  Lon.  78°  18'  W. ;  lat  33°  56'  N. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  t.  and  bor.  Essex  co. 
N.  J.  6  m.  S.  from  Newark,  15  WSW.  from 
New  York.  Lon.  74°  12'  W. ;  lat  40°  38'  N. 
Pop.  3,457.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a 
creek,  emptying  itself  into  Staien  Island  Sound, 
and  contains  an  academy,  bank,  and  3  houses 


ELI— ELL 


261 


for  public  worship,  1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for 
Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Methodists.  Vessels 
of  20  or  30  tons  come  up  to  the  town,  and  those 
of  200  or  300  tons  come  as  far  as  Elizabeth- 
town  Point,  at  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  2  m. 
distant.  A  steam-boat  plies  between  the  city 
of  New  York  and  the  Point. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
18  m  NW.  from  Lancaster,  80  W.  by  N.  from 
Philadelphia. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  v.  Allegheny  co.  Pa. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Monongahela  river,  about  12 
m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Ohio,  and  the 
same  distance  S.  by  E.  from  Pittsburg. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Bladen  co.  N.  C.  on  the  right  bank  of  Cape 
Fear  river,  40  m.  above  Wilmington,  and  55 
below  Fayetteville.  Lat.  34°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  from 
W.  1°  40'  W. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Hardin  co.  Ken.  on  the  head  of  Nolin  creek, 
a  branch  of  Green  river,  45  m.  nearly  S.  from 
Louisville.  Lat.  37°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  8°  35'. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Carter  co.  Ten.  on  the  left  bank  of  Watauga 
river,  130  m.  above  Knoxville. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  t.  Harrison  co.  In. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  v.  Hamilton  co.Ohio, 
119  m.  SW.  from  Columbus. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Tyrrel  co, 
N.  C.  on  S.  side  of  Albemarle  Sound.  It  con 
tains  a  court-house,  a  jaiL,  and  a  few  houses. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  t.  Ohio  co.  Va.  on  E. 
bank  of  the  Ohio,  12  m.  S.  from  Wheeling. 

ELIZA  VILLE,  v.  Fleming  co.  Ken. 

ELK,  r.  Miso.  which  runs  into  the  Missis 
sippi,  4  m.  above  the  Little  Falls.  It  is  40 
yards  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  there  is  a  short 
portage  from  its  waters  to  the  St  Anthony. 

ELK,  r.  of  the  E.  shore  of  Maryland,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  Big  and  Little  Elk 
creeks,  at  Elkton,  and  flows  into  the  Chesa 
peake  13  m.  below. 

ELK,  r.  rises  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Cum 
berland  mountains,  in  Ten.  and  flowing  SW 
into  Alabama,  joins  Tennessee  river,  a  little 
above  the  Muscle  Shoals,  40  m.  WNW.  from 
Creeks  crossing-place. 

ELK,  r.  of  western  Va.  rises  in  Randolph 
co.  and  flowing  W.  by  comparative  courses 
about  100  m.  falls  into  the  great  Kenhawa  al 
Charleston. 

ELK  CREEK,  Pa.  unites  with  Penn's  creek 
and  falls  into  the  Susquehannah,  5  m.  below 
Sunbury. 

ELK  CREEK,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  Miami 
in  Madison,  Butler  co. 

ELKHOLM,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Miso.  56 
m.  W.  from  St  Charles. 

ELKHORN,  r.  Ken.  runs  into  Kentucky  r 
9  m.  below  Frankfort,  and  is  50  yards  wide  a 
its  mouth. 

ELKHORN,  t  Montgomery  co.  Miso. 
ELK  LAKE,  between  Lake  of  the  Woods 
and  Lake  Superior.    Lon.  93°  W.;  lat  48° 
41' N. 

ELKMARSH,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 
ELKRIDGE  LANDING,  t  Ann-Arunde 


co.  Md.  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Patapsco,  at  the 
Falls,  8  m.  SW.  from  Baltimore ;  noted  for  its 
obacco  called  kite's  foot. 
ELKRUN,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 
ELKRUN  CHURCH,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 
ELKTON,  t.  and  cap.  Cecil  co.  Md.  at  the 
brks  of  Elk  river,  13  m.  above  its  mouth  at 
Turkey  Point,  12  m.  SW.   from  Christiana 
bridge,  10  N.  from  Charlestown,  46  SW.  from 
Philadelphia,  56  NE.  from  Baltimore.     The 
tide  flows  up  to  the  town,  and  there  was  for 
merly  a  brisk  trade  between  Philadelphia  and 
Baltimore,  through  this  place.     The  village  is 
well  built,  and  the  public  buildings  are  a  court- 
louse,  jail,  bank,  and  Methodist  church. 

ELKTON,  t.  Giles  co.  Ten. 
ELKTON,  t.  Christian  co.  Ken. 

ELKTON,  v.  and  seat,  of  justice,  Todd  co. 
Ken.  190  m.  NW.  from  Frankfort. 

ELLENSVILLE,  v.  in  the  southern  part 
of  Ulster  co.  N.  Y. 

ELLERY,  v.Chatauqueco.N.Y.  Pop.  2,001. 

ELLICOTT,  t  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.,  SE. 
from  Chatauque.  Pop.  2,101. 

ELLICOTTS,  or  Eleven-mile  creek,  N.  Y. 
runs  into  the  Tonnewanta,  at  its  entrance  into 
Niagara  river. 

ELLICOTTS  CROSS  ROADS,  v.  Cumber 
land  co.  Ken. 

ELLICOTTS  MILLS,  v.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 

ELLICOTTVILLE,  t.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y. 

ELLINGTON,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 
Pop.  2,279. 

ELLINGTON,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  13  m.  NE. 
from  Hartford.  Pop.  1,455.  There  is  a  cele 
brated  boarding-school  for  boys  at  this  place. 

ELLIOTT,  t.  York  co.  Me.    Pop.  1,845. 

ELLIOTT,  missionary  station  of  the  Amer 
ican  board  of  Foreign  Missions,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Yazoo,  150  m.  NE.  from  Walnut-hills. 
At  this  place  has  been  erected  since  1818,  a 
village  containing  about  20  houses,  a  Lancas- 
terian  school  established,  and  other  judicious 
measures  adopted  to  civilize  the  neighboring 
savages. 

ELLIOT'S  ISLAND,  in  the  Gulf  of  Flor 
ida,  between  Florida  peninsula  and  the  Cat 
Keys.  Lat.  25°  33' N. 

ELLIS,  r.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  runs  into  the  Sa- 
co,  in  Bartlett. 

ELLIS,  r.  Me.  which  runs  into  the  Andros- 
coggin,  in  W.  part  of  Rumford. 

ELLISBURG,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 

ELLISBURN,  1.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
5,292, 

ELLISBURY,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  at  the 
mouth  of  Sandy  Creek. 

ELLIS'S  FERRY,  v.  Adams  co.  Miss. 

ELLISVILLE,  v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

ELLISVILLE,  v.  Warren  co.  N.  C. 

ELLISVILLE,  or  Lower  Blue  Lick,  v.  in 
Nicholas  co.  Ken.  on  a  small  branch  of  Lick 
ing  r.  50  m,  NE.  by  E.  from  Frankfort. 

ELLSWORTH,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  11  m. 
NNW.  from  Plymouth.  Pop.  234. 

ELLSWORTH,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  24  m. 
NE.  from  Castine.  Pop.  1,385. 

ELLSWORTH,  v.  Shaion,  Litchfield  co.  Ct 


202 


ELM— ERN 


on  Oblong  creek,  branch  of  Housatonnuc  river, 
12  m.  W.  from  Litchfield. 

ELMIRA  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  joins 
the  Tioga,  at  Elmira. 

ELMORE,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  16  m.  N.  from 
Montpelier. 

ELMSLEY,  t  Leeds  co.  U.  C. 

ELSANBOROUGH,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
600. 

ELVIRA,  t.  II.  on  the  waters  of  Cash  river. 

ELY,  t.  Richelieu  and  Buckingham  coun 
ties,  L.  C.  east  of  Montreal. 

ELYRIA,  t.  E.  part  of  Lorain  co.  Ohio. 

ELYRIA,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  200. 

ELYSIAN  FIELDS,  v.  Amite  co.  Miss. 

ELYTON,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ala. 

EMBARRASS,  r.  II.  which  runs  into  the 
Wabash,  a  little  below  Vincennes. 

EMBDEN,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  Ken- 
nebeck  river,  16  m.  N.  from  Norridgewock. 

EMERY'S  MILLS,  v.  York  co.  Me.  51  m. 
by  postroad  from  Portland. 

EMERSONVILLE,  t.  Gibson  co.  Indiana, 
756  m.  from  W. 

EMERY'S  RIVER,  r.  Ten.  which  runs 
into  the  river  Tennessee,  7  m.  from  Clinch  r. 

EMMANUEL,  co.  Geo.  on  Ogeechee  river, 
which  separates  it  from  Burke  co.  Pop.  2,681. 
County  town,  Swainsborough. 

EMMAUS,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

EMMITTSBURG,  v.  Frederick  co.  Md. 
between  Flat  Run  and  Tom's  Creek,  the  west 
ern  sources  of  Monocasy  river,  1  m.  S.  Penn 
sylvania  line,  24  NE.  Fredericktown,  50  NW. 
Baltimore.  Lat.  a9°  10'  30"  N. 

ENFIELD,  t.  Graflon  co.  N.  H.  10  m.  SE. 
Dartmouth  College,  42  NW.  Concord.  It  con 
tains  a  village  of  about  40  houses,  which  is  on 
Mascony  pond,  and  a  village  of  Shakers.  Pop. 
1,492. 

ENFIELD,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass,  on  the 
E.  side  of  Belchertown. 

ENFIELD,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  opposite  Suffield,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge ;  16  m.  N. 
Hartford.  Here  is  a  settlement  of  Shakers. 
Pop.  2,129. 

ENFIELD,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y, 

ENFIELD,  t  Halifax  co.  N.  C. 

ENGLISH  NEIGHBORHOOD,  v.  Bergen 
co.  N.  J.  on  a  NE.  branch  of  the  Hackinsac, 
W.  of  Fort  Lee. 

ENGLISH  POINT,  cape,  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence.  Lon.  61°  45'  W.  lat.  49°  40'  N.— 
There  is  another  cape  of  this  name,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Newfoundland.  Lon.  53°  29'  W.  lat. 
46°  49'  N. 

ENGLISH  TOWN,  t  Athens  co.  Ohio.    - 

ENGLISH  TOWN,  v.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 
18  m.  E.  from  Princeton. 

ENNISVILLE,  v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa,  79  m. 
W.  from  Harrisburg. 

ENO,  river  of  N.  C.  rises  in  Orange  co.  and 
with  Little  river  and  Flat  river,  forms  the 
Neuse,  17  m.  below  Hillsborough. 

ENOSBURG,  v.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  Mis- 
sisque  river,  36  m.  NE.  from  Burlington.  Pop. 
1,560. 


ENOREE,  r.  S.  C.  a  NW.  branch  of  Broad 
river.  Its  mouth  is  5  m.  below  the  mouth  of 
Tiger  river. 

EPHRATA,  or  Dunkard's  Town,  t.  Lan 
caster  co.  Pa.  on  Cocalico  creek,  a  branch  of 
the  Conestoga,  12  m.  N.  from  Lancaster,  60  W. 
from  Philadelphia.  It  is  settled  by  a  religious 
sect  from  Germany,  called  Dunkers. 

EPPING,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  20  m. 
W.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  1,263. 

ERABLIERE,  r.  In.  runs  into  the  Wabash 
on  the  N.  side,  between  Fort  Harrison  and 
Tippecanoe  creek. 

EQUINUNK  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs 
into  the  Delaware.  Lat.  41°  52'  N. 

ERIE,  lake,  N.  America,  through  which  the 
boundary  line  runs  which  separates  the  United 
States  from  Canada ;  about  280  m.  in  length 
from  SW.  to  NE.  and  from  10  to  60  in  breadth. 
Lon.  78°  35'  to  83°  10'  W.  lat.  41°  20'  to  42° 
50'  N.  This  lake  is  of  dangerous  navigation, 
on  account  of  the  great  number  of  rocks  which 
project  for  many  miles  together  from  the  north 
ern  shore,  without  any  shelter  from  storms. 
There  are  several  tolerably  good  harbors  on 
the  S.  shore,  the  principal  of  which  are  Buffa 
lo  and  Dunkirk,  N.  Y.  Erie,  Pa.  Painesville, 
Cleveland,  Granger,  Sandusky,  Croghansville, 
besides  Put-in  and  Maumee  bays,  Ohio.  It 
discharges  its  waters  at  NE.  end  into  the  river 
Niagara.  A  battle  was  fought  here,  on  the 
10th  September,  1813,  between  the  American 
fleet  under  commodore  Perry,  and  the  English 
fleet,  in  which  the  latter  was  taken. 

ERIE,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Niagara 
co.  E.  by  Genesee  co.  S.  by  Cataraugus  and 
Chatauque  cos.  W.  by  Lake  Erie  and  Niagara 
river.  Pop.  in  1820,  15,668 ;  in  1830,  35J10. 
Chief  town,  Buffalo. 

ERIE,  co.  the  NW.  corner  of  Pa.  bounded 
N.  by  Lake  Erie,  E.  by  N.  York,  S.  by  Craw 
ford  co.  and  W.  by  Ohio.  Chief  town,  Erie. 
Pop.  in  1820,  8,553;  in  1830,  16,906. 

ERIE,  or  Presque  Isle,  t.  and  cap.  Erie  co. 
Pa.  pleasantly  situated  on  the  S.  side  of  Lake 
Erie,  on  the  margin  of  a  bay  formed  by  Presque 
isle ;  80  m.  SSW.  from  Buffalo,  136  N.  from 
Pittsburg,  100  E.  from  Cleveland.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  jail,  and  printing-office.  It  has 
an  excellent  harbor  for  small  vessels,  but  the 
entrance  is  narrow  and  difficult.  The  trade 
of  the  town  is  considerable.  The  portage  be 
tween  this  place  and  French  creek,  one  of  the 
branches  of  Alleghany  river,  is  only  16  miles, 
and  a  turnpike  has  been  completed  through 
this  distance.  Pop.  in  1820,  635;  in  1830, 1,329. 

ERIE,  Fort,  a  fort,  with  a  small  village,  in 
Bertie,  Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  at  the  outlet  of  Lake 
Erie,  opposite  Black  Rock,  N.  Y.  18  m.  above 
the  falls  of  Niagara. 

ERIE,  district,  Michigan.    Pop.  1,340. 

ERIEVILLE,  v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 

ERIN,  t.  In.  on  the  Ohio,  opposite  Port  Wil 
liam,  at  the  mouth  of  Kentucky  river,  10  m. 
below  Vevay,  and  12  above  Madison.  It  is  on 
elevated  ground,  and  was  laid  out  in  1815. 

ERNEST,  t.  of  Lenox  and  Haddington  co. 
U.  C.,  W.  and  adjoining  Kingston. 


ERR— EVA 


263 


ERREL,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  100  m.  N.  from  |  of  this  rock  on  each  side  of  the  fissure  is  about 


Concord.    Pop.  82. 

ERVING'S  GRANT,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass. 
107  m.  NNW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  429. 

ERWINNA,  v.  on  Delaware  r.  in  Bucks  co. 
Pa.  15  m.  above  New  Hope. 

ESCATARIA,  small  island  in  L.  C.  about 
5  m.  N.  from  Louisburg,  in  the  island  of  Cape 
Breton. 

ERWINSVILLE,  v.  Rutherford  co.  N.  C. 
504  m.  from  W. 

ESCAMBIA,  r.  Alabama,  which  unites  with 
the  Conecah,  in  West  Florida,  near  the  north 
border. 

ESKELOOT  INDIANS,  N.  America,  on 
the  narrows  of  Columbia.  No.  1,000. 

ESKIMAUX  BAY,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Labrador.  Lon.  57°  50'  W.  lat.  51°  30'  N. 

ESKIMAUX,  cape  in  Hudson's  Bay.  Lon. 
94°  50'  W.  lat.  61°  12'  N. 

ESKIMAUX  ISLANDS,  small  islands  in 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Labrador.  Lon.  63°  W.  lat.  50°  15'  N. 

ESOPUS,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side  of 
the  Hudson,  4  m.  S.  from  Kingston,  69  S.  from 
Albany. 

ESOPUS,  r.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  which  rises  in 
the  N  W.  part,  flows  by  Kingston,  and  joins  the 
Hudson  at  Saugerties,  1]  m.  below  Catskill. 
Length  53  miles. 

ESPERANCE,  v.  in  Schoharie,  N.  Y.  8  m. 
N.  from  Schoharie,  26  W.  from  Albany.  It  is 
situated  on  the  Schoharie,  and  contains  a  paper- 
mill,  and  other  valuable  mills. 

ESSEX,  co.  NE.  part  of  Vt.  bounded  N.  by 
Canada,  E.  by  Connecticut  river,  S.  by  Cale 
donia  co.  and  W.  by  Orleans  co.  Pop.  3,981 
Chief  town,  Guildhall. 

ESSEX,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  N.  side  of 
Onion  river,  11  m.  E.  from  Burlington.  Pop. 
1,664. 

ESSEX,  co.  NE.  part  of  Mass,  bounded  N. 
by  New  Hampshire,  E.  and  SE.  by  the  Atlan 
tic,  and  W.  and  SW.  by  Middlesex  co.  Chief 
towns,  Salern  and  Newburyport.  Ipswich, 
Marblehead,  Beverly,  Lynn,  Danvers,  Glou 
cester,  Newbury,  Haverhill,  and  Andover,  are 
all  considerable  towns.  Pop.  in  1820,  74,655 ; 
in  1830,  82,887. 

ESSEX,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass,  on  Chebacco 
river,  2  m.  above  its  mouth,  5  SSE.  from  Ips 


wich,  12  NE.  from  Salem, 
gable  for  sloops  of  60  tons. 


The  river  is  navi- 
Here  are  built  the 


boats  called  Chebacco  boats.  Essex  formerly 
constituted  the  S.  parish  of  Ipswich,  and  was 
called  Chebacco.  Pop.  1,345. 

ESSEX,  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Champlain; 
bounded  N.  by  Clinton  and  Franklin  cos.  E. 
by  Lake  Champlain,  S.  by  Washington  co.  and 
W.  by  Montgomery  and  Franklin  cos.  Pop. 
m  1820, 12,811;  in  1830, 19,387.  Chief  town, 
Elizabethtown. 

ESSEX,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  136  m.  from  Albany.  The  Split  Rock  in 
this  town,  is  a  rock  projecting  50  yards  into  the 
lake,  the  point  of  which,  consisting  of  about 
i  an  acre,  and  covered  with  trees,  is  removed 
from  the  main  rock  about  20  feet.  The  height 


12  feet  above  the  water.     Pop.  1,543. 

ESSEX,  co.  N.  J.  on  Hudson  river,  oppo 
site  N.  York ;  bounded  N.  by  Bergen  co.  E. 
by  Bergen  co.  and  Newark  Bay,  S.  by  Madi 
son  co.  and  W.  by  Somerset  and  Morris  cos. 
Pop.  in  1820,  30,793  ;  in  1830,  41,928.  Chief 
town,  Newark. 

ESSEX,  co.  Va. ;  bounded  N.  by  Rappahan- 
nock,  which  separates  it  from  Richmond  co. 
and  inclosed  on  the  other  sides  by  Middlesex, 
King  William,  and  Caroline  cos.  Pop.  10,541, 
of  whom  6,417  are  slaves.  Chief  town,  Tap. 
pahannock. 

ESSEX,  co.  U.  Canada,  comprises  the  coun 
try  between  Lake  St.  Clair  and  Lake  Erie ; 
bounded  W.  by  Detroit  river,  and  E.  by  Suf 
folk  co.  Chief  town,  Amherstburg. 

ESTILL,  co.  Ken. ;  bounded  N.  by  Mont 
gomery,  NE.  by  Pike,  E.  by  Perry,  S.  by  Clay, 
W.  by  Madison,  and  NW.  by  Clarke.  Length 
40  m.  mean  width  about  17.  Chief  town,  Ir- 

ine.     Pop.  1820,  3,507 ;  in  1830,  4,618. 

ESTILLVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Scott  co.  Va. ;  33  m.  a  little  S.  of  W.  from  Ab- 
ingdon,  116  NE.  by  E.  from  Knoxville,  Ten. 
370  SW.  by  W.  from  Richmond. 

ESTHER  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Prince  William's 
Sound,  on  the  NW.  coast  of  America.  Lat. 
60°  50'  N. 

ESTHERTOWN,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  E. 
side  of  Susquehannah ;  7  m.  N.  from  Harrisburg. 

ESTOP  ACHY  RIVER,  v.  Washington  co. 
Alabama. 

ESTRELLA,  r.  Guatimala,  which  enters 
the  Pacific  in  lat.  9°  5'  N. 

ETNA,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  Pop.  Ib20, 
194;  in  1830,  362. 

ETNA,  v.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 

ETOWAH,  river  of  Georgia,  rises  in  the 
Apalachian  mountains,  interlocking  with  the 
sources  of  the  Chatahoochee,  and  flowing  SW. 
joins  in  Alabama  the  Oostenalah,  and  forms 
the  Coosa. 

EUBANKS,  v.  Cumberland  co.  Geo. ;  88  m. 
NE.  from  Milledgeville. 

EUCLID,  t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake 
Erie ;  8  m.  NE.  from  Cleveland.  Pop.  1,000. 

EVERETTSHOUSE,  v.  Lewis  co.  Ken. 

EUKILLOGEE,  a  central  district  in  the 
Cherokee  country.  In  1821  the  United  Breth 
ren  established  a  mission  here.  It  is  30  m. 
from  Spring  Place. 

EUSTIS,  lake,  Missouri  Territory,  the  SW. 
head  of  Yellow-stone  river.  It  is  near  the 
head  of  the  Wallaumut,  which  runs  into  Co 
lumbia  river. 

EUTAW  SPRINGS,  a  small  river  of  S.  C. 
which  runs  into  the  Santee.  Near  its  source 
a  battle  was  fought  in  1781,  which,  in  effect, 
terminated  the  war  in  this  state. 

EVANS,  t.  Erie  co.  N.  Y. 

EVANSHAM,  t.  and  cap.  Wythe  co.  Va. 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  Reedy  creek,  a  branch  of 
the  Kenhawa ;  40  m.  E.  from  Christiansburg, 
240  WSW.  from  Richmond. 

EVANSVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Van 
derburg  co.  In,  on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio  river 


204 


EVA— FAI 


51  m.  S.  from  Vincennes,  and  24  SE.  from 
New  Harmony.  Lat.  38°  1'  N. 

EVANSVILLE,  t.  Monroe  co.  Ala. 

EVENSBURG,  v.  Crawford  co.  Pa. 

EVERITTSVILLE,  v.  Albemarle  co.  Va. 

EVESHAM,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  in  the 
forks  of  Moore's  creek  ;  16  m.  E.  from  Phila 
delphia,  25  S.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  4,000. 

EUSTATIA,  St.  one  of  the  smallest  of  the 
Leeward  Islands  in  the  West  Indies.  It  is 
a  mountain  in  the  form  of  a  sugar-loaf,  whose 
top  is  hollow,  and  lies  on  the  NW.  of  St.  Chris 
topher,  and  belongs  to  the  kingdom  of  the 
Netherlands.  Lon.  63°  10'  W.  lat.  17°  23'  N. 

EVIT'S  CREEK,  r.  Maryland,  which  runs 
into  the  Potomac,  Ion.  78°  44'  W.  lat.  39° 
83'  N. 

EWINGSVILLE,  v.  Christian  co.  Ken.; 
749  rn.  from  W. 

EWINGSVILLE,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md. 

EXETER,  r.  N.  H.  which  rises  from  a 
small  pond  in  Sandown,  and  pursues  generally 
an  easterly  course  till  it  meets  the  tide  at  Ex 
eter  ;  it  afterwards  pursues  a  NE.  course, 
and  communicates  with  the  Piscataqua  through 
Great  Bay.  The  Indian  name,  from  Exeter  to 
the  entrance  into  the  Piscataqua,  is  Swamscot. 

EXETER,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. ;  14  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Portsmouth,  15  NNW.  from 
Newburyport,  18  NNE.  from  Haverhill,  43 
SE.  by  E.  from  Concord,  47  N.  by  E.  from 
Boston,  489  from  W.  Pop.  2,759.  It  is  a  hand 
some  village.  Small  sea-vessels  ascend  to  it,  it 
being  at  the  head  of  tide-water  on  Exeter  river. 
It  contains  a  number  of  public  buildings  and 
three  churches,  and  is  the  seat  of  very  consid 
erable  manufactures.  Phillips'  Exeter  Acade 
my  in  this  place  is  one  of  the  most  ancient, 
opulent,  and  useful  institutions  in  the  United 
States,  having  many  of  the  advantages  and  en 
dowments  of  a  college.  It  has  been  almost 
exclusively  devoted  to  the  preparation  of  schol 
ars  for  college.  The  whole  number  that  have 
been  educated  is  2,025.  Number  of  instruc 
tors  4,  including  a  writing  and  singing  mas 
ter.  Number  of  volumes  in  the  library,  680. 
The  building  is  an  elegant  edifice,  76  feet  by 
30,  with  wings  34  by  28. 

EXETER,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine ;  62  m. 
NW.  from  Castine,  264  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,438. 

EXETER,  t.  Washington  co.  R.  I. ;  25  m. 
SW.  from  Providence.  Pop.  2,389. 

EXETER,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y. ;  10m.  NW. 
from  Cooperstown.  Pop.  1,690.  There  is  a 
flourishing  village  on  the  lake  in  this  township, 
which  has  considerable  trade.  The  celebrated 
Split  Rock  is  in  this  township,  5  m.  S.  of  the 
village.  It  appears  to  have  been  separated  by 
some  great  convulsion,  and  is  esteemed  a  great 
curiosity. 

EXETER,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the  Sus- 
quehannah  river,  10  m.  above  Wilkesbarre. 
Pop.  900. 

EXETER,  v.  New  Hanover  co.  N.  C.  on  the 
E.  fbrk  of  Cape  Fear  river,  36  m.  above  Wil 
mington. 

EXETER,  v.  of  Harrison  co.  In. 


F. 


FABIUS,  t.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  It  is  sit- 
uated  on  the  head  springs  of  Chenango  river, 
148  m.  W.  of  Albany.  Pop.  1820,  2,494 ;  in 
1830,  3,071. 

FABOMIT  LAKE,  Canada.  Lon.  88°  15' 
W.  lat.  52°  18'  N. 

FACTORIES,  v.  Hampden  co.  Mass. 

FACTOR  YVILLE,v.Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  about 
164  m.  SSW.  from  Albany. 

FAIRBLUFF,  v.  Columbus  co.  N.  C. 

FAIR  BANKS,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 

FAIRFAX,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt  on  Lamoil 
river;  18  m.  NNE.  from  Burlington.  Pop. 
1,729. 

FAIRFAX,  co.  Va. ;  bounded  N.  and  E.  by 
the  Potomac,  S.  by  Prince  William  co.  and  W. 
by  Loudon  co.  Pop.  9,206,  of  whom  3,972  are 
slaves.  Chief  town,  Centreville.  The  court- 
house,  where  a  post-office  is  kept,  is  15  m. 
from  W. 

FAIRFAX,  t.  and  cap.  Culpeper  co.  Va.  ; 
40  m.  WNW.  from  Fredericksburg,  76  from  W. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  the 
Kennebec,  opposite  Clinton ;  9  m.  S.  from  Nor- 
ridgewock,  25  m.  N.  from  Augusta.  Pop. 
2,002. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt. ;  26  m. 
NNE.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  2,270. 

FAIRFIELD,  co.  Ct. ;  bounded  N.  by  Litch- 
field  co.  SE.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  W.  by 
New  York.  Pop.  46,950.  Chief  towns,  Fair- 
field  and  Danbury. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Fairfield 
co.  Ct.  on  Long  Island  Sound ;  21  m.  WSW. 
from  New  Haven,  54  NE.  from  New  York. 
Lat.  41C  8'  N.  Pop.  4,246.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  an  academy,  and  several  houses  of  pub 
lic  worship.  There  are  4  villages  within  the 
town,  Fairfield,  Greenfield  Hill,  Green's  Farms 
or  Saugatuck,  and  Mill  river.  There  are  3 
harbors,  Black  Rock,  Mill  River,  and  Sauga 
tuck.  With  the  exception  of  New  London, 
Black  Rock  is  the  best  harbor  in  the  Sound. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y. ;  10 
m.  N.  from  Herkimer,  75  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,265.  In  this  town  there  is  an  academy,  and 
a  medical  school  connected  with  it. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  on 
Cohanzy  creek ;  25  m.  E.  from  Salem.  Pop. 
1,900. 

FAIRFIELD,  t  Crawford  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
725. 

FAIRFIELD,  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.  Pop 
3,111. 

FAIRFIELD,  or  Miller's,  t  Adams  co.  Pa. 
8  m.  W.  from  Gettysburg. 

FAIRFIELD,  v.  Rockbridge  co.  Va. 

FAIRFIELD,  district,  S.  C.  between  Wa 
teree  and  Broad  rivers.  Pop.  21,546.  Chief 
town,  Monticello. 

FAIRFIELD,  v.  Columbia  co.  Geo. 

FAIRFIELD,  or  Roberts',  v.  Putnam  co 
Geo. 

FAIRFIELD,  v.  Nelson  co.  Ken.;  10  ir 
from  BairdstoAvn. 


FAI— FAR 


265 


FAIRFIELD,  co.  in  the  central  part  of 
Ohio.  Pop.  24,788.  Chief  town,  Lancaster. 

FAIRFIELD,  v.  Franklin  co.  In.  on  the  E. 
fork  of  Whitewater  river;  7  m.  N.  from  Brook- 
ville,  77  m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Indianapolis. 

FAIRFIELD,  v.  Wayne  co.  II. ;  63  m.  SE. 
from  Vandalia. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio,  N.  of 
Hillsborough.  Pop.  2,500. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Greene  co.  Ohio,  11  m. 
NW.  from  Xenia. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
4,900.  In  this  township  is  Hamilton,  the  seat 
of  justice  for  the  county. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio ;  4  m.  N. 
from  Newark. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

FAIRHAVEN,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  Pult- 
ney  river ;  9  m.  NNE.  from  Whitehall,  43  W. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  675. 

FAIRHAVEN,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass,  on  the 
Accushnet  river,  opposite  New  Bedford.  Pop. 
3,034. 

FAIRHAVEN,  v.  GalHa  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Kenhawa ;  4 
m.  above  Gallipolis. 

FAIRLEE,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  on  Connecti 
cut  river  ;  35  m.  above  Windsor.  Pop.  656. 

FAIRLEE,  West,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  W.  of 
Fairlee. 

FAIRPORT,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  at  the 
mouth  of  Grand  river,  on  Lake  Erie ;  15  m. 
N.  from  Char  don. 

FAIR  RIVER,  Canada,  runs  from  Wapes- 
saga  to  Lake  St.  John. 

FAIRTOWN,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 

FAIRVALE,  v.  in  Granville,  Washington 
co.  N.  Y. 

FAIRVIEW,  v.  Erie  ca  Pa. 

FAIRVIEW,  v.  Brooke  co.  Va. 

FAIRVIEW,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio;  25  m. 
E.  from  Cambridge. 

FAIRWEATHER,  Cape,  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America.  Lou.  222°  20'  E.  lat.  58° 
50§'  N. 

FAIRWEATHER,  Mount,  high  mountain 
on  the  NW.  coast  of  America,  about  12  m. 
NE.  from  Cape  Fairweather. 

FALES'  CREEK,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  Ohio, 
11  m.  above  Portsmouth. 

FALL,  r.  R.  Island,  which  runs  from  Wa- 
tuper  Pond  into  Taunton  river. 

FALL,  r.  which  rises  in  Vermont,  and  runs 
into  the  Connecticut,  N.  of  Greenfield,  Mass. 

FALL  RIVER,  v.  in  the  town  of  Troy, 
Bristol  co.  Mass.  It  is  situated  on  Taunton 
river,  which  is  navigable  for  small  vessels  to 
the  town,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  manufac 
turing  villages  in  the  United  States.  The 
manufactures  of  cotton  run  3,431  spindles. 
There  are  also  manufactures  of  satinet,  bleach 
ing  and  printing  works,  and  manufactures 
of  iron.  The  town  contains  7  churches  and 
a  bank.  Pop.  of  the  village  3,431.  It  is 
about  50  m.  S.  of  Boston. 

FALLS  CREEK,  v.  on  Falls  creek,  Tomp- 
kins  co.  N.  York, 

21 


FALLING  SPRINGS,  creek,  Bath  co.  Va. 
It  is  a  branch  of  Jackson  river,  and  is  about 
25  m.  SW.  from  the  Warm  Springs,  and  has 
a  fall  of  200  feet  perpendicular  height. 

FALLING  WATERS,  v.  Berkeley  co.  Va. 

FALLOWFIELD,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
on  the  left  bank  of  Monongahela  river,  on  the 
waters  of  Pigeon  creek. 

FALLOWFIELD,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.  on 
the  sources  of  Big  Beaver  river ;  10  m.  SW. 
from  Meadville. 

FALLS,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  imme 
diately  W.  from  Zanesville. 

FALLS,  t.  Hocking  co.  Ohio. 

FALLSINGTON,  v.  Bucks  co.  Pa. ;  5  m. 
SW.  from  Trenton. 

FALLSTOWN,  v.  N.  C.  Iredell  co. 

FALMOUTH,  s-p.  and  t.  Barnstable  co. 
Mass,  at  the  SW.  end  of  the  peninsula  of 
Barnstable ;  18  m.  S.  by  W.  of  Sandwich,  and 
41  S.  of  Plymouth.  Pop.  2,548. 

FALMOUTH,  t.  Cumberland  eo.  Me. ;  5 
m.  NW.  of  Portland.  Pbp.  1,966. 

FALMOUTH,  v.  Strafford  co.  Va.  on  the 
river  Rappahannock,  opposite  to  Fredericks- 
burg  ;  70  m.  N.  of  Richmond,  and  60  S.  by 
W.  from  W. 

FALMOUTH,  v.  and  seat  ef  justice,  Pen- 
dleton  co.  Ken. ;  30  m.  S.  from  Cincinnati. 

FALMOUTH,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.;  20  m. 
S.  from  Lancaster. 

FALMOUTH,  s-p.  Antigua;  7  nuSE.  from 
St.  Johns.  Lon.  61°  28'  W.  lat.  17°  9'  N. 

FALMOUTH,  s-p.  Jamaica.  Lon.  77°  33' 
W.  lat.  18°  31'  N. 

FALMOUTH,  t.  in  Hants,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  SE.  side  of  the  basin  of  Mines;  28  m. 
NW.  from  Halifax. 

FANNETSBURG,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa. 

FANSHAW,  Cape,  NW.  coast  of  America, 
on  the  N.  side  of  Frederick's  Sound.  Lon. 
226°  44'  E.  lat.  57°  11'  N. 

FARQUIER.    See  Fauquier. 

FAREWELL,  Cape,  S.  point  of  West 
Greenland,  on  the  north  side  of  the  entrance 
of  Davis's  Straits.  Lon.  42°  42'  W.  lat.  59° 
37' N. 

FARLEY  MILLS,  v.  King  and  Queen 
co.  Va. ;  148  m.  from  W. 

FARLEYSVILLE,  v.  Charlotte  eo.  Va.; 
233  from  W. 

FARMER,  v.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y. 

FARMER'S,  T.  Genesee  ca  N.  Y.  264  m. 
W.  from  Albany. 

FARMERSVILLE,  v.  Cataraugus  co.N.  Y. 
70  m.  SW.  from  Rochester,  and  50  SE.  from 
Buffalo.  Pop.  1,005. 

FARMINGTON,  t.  Kennebeck  eo.  Me.  29 
m.  NNW.  from  Augusta,  200  NNE.  from 
Boston,  649  from  W.  Pop.  2,340.  It  is  a 
valuable  agricultural  town,  and  contains  an 
academy. 

FARMINGTON,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  26 
m.  NW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  1,464. 

FARMINGTON,  t.  Hartford  co.Ct.  en  Far- 
mington  river,  10  m.  W.  from  Hartford,  30  N. 
from  New  Haven.  Pop.  1,901. 

FARMINGTON,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  9  m. 
NE.  from  Canandaigua.  Pop.  1,773.  Clifton 


266 


FAR— FER 


springs  are  in  this  town,  lliey  are  strongly 
impregnated  with  sulphur. 

FARMINGTON,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  12 
rn.  NW.  from  Warren. 

FARMINGTON,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio. 

FARMINGTON  FALLS,  v.  on  Sandy  rivery 
5  m.  above  the  village  of  Farmington,  and  in 
the  NW.  angle  of  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  97  m. 
nearly  due  N.  from  Portland. 

FARMINGTON  RIVER,  rises  in  Massa 
chusetts,  and  runs  SE,  to  Farmington  in  Con 
necticut,  where  it  is  joined  by  Salmon  river  ; 
it  has  a  cataract  of  150  feet,  after  which  it  is 
called  Windsor  river,  and  joins  the  Connecti 
cut,  4  m.  above  Hartford. 

FARMVILLE,  v.  Prince  Edward  co.  Va.  on 
the  Appomatox,  72  m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

FARNHAM,  t.  Bedford  and  Richelieu  cos. 
L.  Canada,  SE.  from  Montreal. 

FARNHAM,  v.  Richmond  co.  Va. 

FARROWVILLE,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va.  64 
m.  SW.  from  W.  and  145  NNW.  from  Rich 
mond. 

FATE,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

FAUCHE,  r.  II.  runs  into  the  Illinois  river 
from  the  east. 

FAUGHMAN,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

FAUQUIER,  co.  NE.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Loudon  co.  NE.  by  Prince  William  co. 
ESE.  by  Stafford  co.  SW.  by  Culpeper  co.  and 
NW.  by  Frederick  co.  Pop.  26,379.  Chief 
town,  Warrenton. 

FAUSSEMBAULT,  Seigniory,  Hampshire 
co.  L.  C.  10  m.  W.  from  Quebec. 

FAUSSE  RIVIERE,  a  lake  inLouisiana,  in 
Point  Coupee,  once  a  bend  of  the  Mississippi 
river.  The  banks  of  the  lake  are  high,  dry, 
and  arable. 

FAVORABLE  LAKE,  N.  America.  Lon. 
93°  10'  W.;  lat.  52°  48' N. 

FAWCETTSTOWN,  t.  Columbiana  co.  O. 
on  Ohio  r.  15  m.  SE.  from  New  Lisbon. 

FAWN,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  on  Muddy  creek, 
and  joining  the  divisional  line  that  separates 
this  state  from  Maryland. 

FAWN  GROVE,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  25  m.  S. 
from  York. 

FAYETTE,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  Pop.  in 
1820,824;  in  1830, 1,049. 

FAYETTE,  t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  between 
Seneca  and  Cayuga  Lakes,  8  m.  SE.  from  Ge 
neva.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,698 ;  in  1830,  3,216. 

FAYETTE,  co.  Ken.  on  the  sources  of  Elk- 
horn  river,  bounded  by  Jessamine  SE.  Wood- 
ford  W.  Scott  N  W.  Bourbon  NE.  Clark  E.  and 
Madison  or  Kentucky  river  S.  Pop.  25,174. 
Chief  town,  Lexington. 

FAYETTE,  co.  Geo.  bounded  N.  by  Henry, 
E.  by  Oakmulgee  river,  S.  by  Monroe,  and  W. 
by  Flint  river.  Pop.  5,501.  Fayetteville  is  the 
chief  town. 

FAYETTE,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  S.  by  High 
land,  SW.  by  Clinton,  NW.  by  Greene,  N.  by 
Madison,  E.  by  Pickaway,  and  SE.  by  Ross. 
Pop.  in  1820,  6,316 ;  in  1830,  8,180.  Chief 
town,  Washington. 

FAYETTE,  co.  in  SW.  part  of  Pa.  Pop. 
29,237.  Chief  towns,  Union  and  Brownsville. 


FAYETTE,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio. 

FAYETTE,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio. 

FAYETTE,  co.  Indiana.  Pop.  9,112.  Con. 
nersville  is  the  chief  town. 

FAYETTEVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Cumber 
land  co.  N.  C.  60  m.  S.from  Raleigh,  95  NNW. 
from  Wilmington,  159  NE.  from  Columbia,  347 
from  W.  Lon.  79°  58'  W. ;  lat.  35°  3'  N.  It 
is  situated  near  Cape  Fear  river,  at  the  head 
of  boat  navigation. 

FAYETTEVILLE,  v.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y. 
by  postroad  139  m.  from  Albany. 

FAYETTEVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Lincoln  co.  Ten.  on  the  right  bank  of  Elk  r. 
50  m.  SW.  from  Murfreesborough.  Lat.  35° 
10'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  9°  37'  W. 

FAYETTEVILLE,  v.  Fayette  co.  Geo. 
about  50  m.  WSW.  from  Milledgeville. 

FAYSTOWN,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  17  m. 
SW.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  458. 

FEAR,  Cape,  a  cape  of  N.  Carolina,  where 
there  is  a  dangerous  shoal,  called,  from  its  form, 
the  Frying  Pan,  lying  at  the  entrance  of  Cape 
Fear  river.  This  river  is  formed  by  two 
branches,  called  the  NW.  and  NE.  branches, 
which  unite  above  Wilmington ;  and  it  enters 
the  Atlantic  below  Brunswick.  Lon.  77°  45' 
W.;  lat.  33°  40' N. 

FEARING,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio. 

FEARY,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Ten. 

FEDERAL  POINT,  point,  N.  C.  near  the 
New  Inlet.  Here  is  a  beacon ;  80  m.  W.  by 
S.  from  Cape  Lookout,  30  NW.  by  N.  from 
Frying  Pan  Shoals. 

FEDERALSBURG,  v.  in  Dorchester  and 
Caroline  cos.  Md.  on  Marshy  Hope  creek,  20 
m.  NE.  from  Cambridge. 

FEDERAL  STORE,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
95  m.  SSE.  from  Albany. 

FEEDING  HILLS,  v.  in  West  Springfield, 
Hampden  co.  Mass.  5  m.  W.  from  Springfield. 

FEESTOWN,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

FELICIANA,  co.  La.  bounded  W.  by  the 
Mississippi,  S.  by  East  Baton  Rouge,  N.  by  the 
state  of  Mississippi,  E.  by  Florida.  The  set 
tlers  are  almost  entirely  Americans.  Chief 
town,  St.  Francisville. 

FELICIANA,  t.  Feliciana  co.  Louisiana, 
E.  of  Baton  Rouge. 

FEMME  OSAGE,  v.  St.  Charles  co.  Miso. 

FENNER,  v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  115  m.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  2,017. 

FERDINAND,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  60  m.  NE. 
from  Montpelier. 

FERDINAND,  St.  Louis  co.  Miso. 

FERGUSON,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

FERGUSON'S  FERRY,  v.  Johnson  co.  II. 

FERNANDINA,  s-p.  Amelia  Island.  It  is 
the  only  town  on  the  island. 

FERRIER  POINT,  cape  of  Mexico,  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Lon.  from  W.  41°  •  lat  33° 
42' N. 

FERRISBURG,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Lake 
Champlain,  at  the  mouth  of  Otter  creek,  22  m. 
S.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  1,822. 

FERROL,  Cape,  a  cape  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  Newfoundland.  Lon.  57°  11'  W.;  lat  51° 
4'N. 


FER— FLI 


267 


FERRY-HILL,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va, 

FIDALGO,  Port,  inlet,  N W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica,  in  Prince  William  Sound.  Lat.  60°  55'  N. 

FIELD'S  MILLS,  v,  Brunswick  co.  Va. 
186  m.  from  W. 

FIFTEEN  MILE  CREEK,  r.  which  rises 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  runs  into  the  Potomac, 
in  Maryland. 

FIGHTING  ISLAND,  small  isl.  of  Michi 
gan  territory,  in  Detroit  river,  a  little  above 
Gross  Isle. 

FINCASTLE,  t.  and  cap.  Botetourt  co.  Va, 
on  Catawba  creek,  which  flows  into  James 
river,  a  few  miles  below  the  town ;  55  m.  W. 
by  N.  from  Lynchburg,  175  W.  from  Rich 
mond,  244  from  W.  Pop.  about  800.  It  con 
tains  a  court-house  and  jail. 

FINCHTOWN,  t.  St  Ormont  co.  U.  a 

FINDLEYSVILLE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co. 
N.  C. 

FINHOLLOWAY,  r.  Geo.  which  runs  into 
the  Alatamaha,  in  Wayne  co. 

FINNEYSVILLE,  v.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  97  m 
SSW.  from  Montpelier. 

FIRELANDS,  a  tract  of  country  in  Ohio, 
which  includes  the  five  westernmost  ranges  of 
townships  in  the  Connecticut  Reserve. 

FIREPLACE,  v.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  298  m. 
fromW. 

FISH  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  S.  and 
joins  Wood  creek  in  Bengal.  Length  43  m 

FISH  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio. 

FISH  CREEK,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into  the 
Chesapeake. 

FISHKILL,  r.  N.  Y.  which  joins  Wood 
creek  2  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Oneida 
Lake.  Another  creek  of  this  name  is  the  out 
let  of  Saratoga  Lake  into  Hudson  river.  Its 
mouth  is  opposite  the  mouth  of  Battenkill.  On 
the  banks  of  this  creek  the  British  army  under 
Gen.  Burgoyne  surrendered  to  Gen.  Gates,  Oct 
17th,  1777. 

FISHKILL,  small  but  important  creek  of 
N.  Y.  in  Dutchess  co.  falls  into  the  Hudson 
opposite  Nevvburgh. 

FISHKILL,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hud. 
son  river,  10  m.  below  Poughkeepsie,  65  N 
from  New  York.  Pop.  8,292.  The  village  of 
Fishkill  is  about  5  m.  E.  of  the  river,  on  Fish 
kill  creek.  The  other  settlements  in  the  town 
are  Hopewell,  New  Hackinsac,  Middlebush, 
and  Wappinger's  Creek.  The  number  of 
churches  is  6.  Here  are  numerous  mills  anc 
manufactories,  and  2  landings,  at  which  con 
siderable  trade  is  carried  on. 

FISHKILL,  mountains,  are  the  continuation 
of  the  Highlands  above  Westpoint,  and  curving 
to  the  NE.  and  N.  stretches  between  Dutchess 
and  Putnam  counties,  and  thence  through  the 
former  towards  the  SW.  angle  of  Mass. 

FISHKILL  LANDING,  v.  Dutchess  co 
N.  Y.  directly  opposite  Newburgh,  5  m.  S.  from 
the  village  of  Fishkill,  and  60  m.  above  the  city 
of  New  York. 

FISH  LAKE,  v.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  89  m 
SW.  from  Albany. 

FISH  RIVER,  r.  Alabama,  which  runs  into 
fi,  side  of  Mobile  Bay. 


FISHER'S  ISLAND,  isL  in  Long  Island 
Sound.  It  forms  a  part  of  the  town  of  Southold, 
tf.  Y.  8  miles  long,  and  2  broad ;  5  m.  SW. 
from  Stonington,  Ct. 

FISHER'S  STORE,  v.  Clark   co.  Alaba- 
i. 

FISHERSFIELD,  t.  Merrimack  co.  New 
Hampshire,  27  m,  WNW.  from  Concord.  Pop. 
798. 

FISHING  BAY,  bay,  Md.  on  E.  side  of  tiw 
Chesapeake,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nanticoke. 

FISHING  CREEK,  Howard  co.  Miso. 

FISHING  CREEK,  t.  Columbia  <xx  Pa, 
It  is  watered  by  a  creek  of  the  same  name. 

FISHING  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio. 

FISHING  CREEK,  v.  Wilkes  co.  N.C. 

FISHINGFORD  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Bed- 
ford  co.  Ten. 

FITCHBURG,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass,  on 
Nashua  river,  25  m.  N.  from  Worcester.  Pop. 
2,180. 

FITCHVILLE,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

FITZHERBERTS  ISLAND,  in  the  Flor 
ida  stream.  Lon.  81°  50'  W.  lat.  24°  40'  N. 

FITZWILLIAM,  t  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  13 
m.  SE.  from  Keene.  Pop.  1,229. 

FITZHUGITS  SOUND,  narrow  channel 
of  the  Pacific  ocean,  between  Culvert's  island 
and  the  W.  coast  of  America. 

FLATBUSH,  t  and  cap.  Kings  co.  Long 
Island,  on  New  York  bay,  5  m.  S.  by  E.  from 
New  York  city.  Pop.  1,143.  The  public  build 
ings  are  a  court-house,  academy  called  Eras 
mus  Hall,  and  a  church.  A  battle  was  fought 
near  this  town,  27th  August,  1776,  in  which 
the  Americans  were  defeated  by  the  British 
with  great  loss. 

FLAT  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  whkh  runs  into 
the  Great  Pedee,  6^  m.  from  Greenville. 

FLATLANDS,  t.  Kings  co.  N.  Y.  on  New 
York  bay,  2  m.  S.  from  Flatbush.  Pop.  596. 

FLAGG-SPRING,  v.  Campbell  co.  Ken. 

FLAGGTOWN,  v.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  29  m. 
N.  from  Trenton. 

FLAMBOROUGH,  t.  York  co.  U.  C.  on 
Burlington  bay,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Lake 
Ontario. 

FLANDERS,  v.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  near  the 
head  of  Raritan  river,  15  m.  a  little  N  of  W. 
from  Morristown,  and  59  N.  from  Trenton. 

FLATTERY,  Cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
N.  America,  so  named  by  captain  Cook,  who 
discovered  it  in  1788,  because  he  was  disap 
pointed  in  not  finding  a  harbor.  Lon.  124  3 
57'  W.  lat  48°  25'  N. 

FLEMING,  co.  in  the  E.  part  of  Ken.  Pop. 
13,493. 

FLEMINGS,  v.  Wayne  co.  Indiana, 

FLEMINGSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Fleming  co 
Ken. 

FLEM1NGTON,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  23 
m.  NNW.  from  Trenton,  9  S.  from  Pittstown, 
53  NE.  from  Philadelphia, 

FLETCHER,  t  Franklin  co.  Vt.  22  m.  NE. 
from  Burlington.  Pop.  793. 

FLINN,  t.  Jackson  co.  Indiana. 

FLINN'S  FORK,  v.  Caldwell  co.  Keii.  796 
m.  from  W 


268 


FLI— FOR 


FLINT,  r.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
into  Canandaigua  r.  at  the  village  of  Vienna 
in  Phelps. 

FLINT,  r.  Geo.  which  rises  in  N.  lat.  33° 
40'  and  running  SW.  by  S.  200  miles,  joins 
the  Chatahoochee  to  form  the  Apalachicola. 

FLINT  ISLAND,  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  near  the  coast  of  Cape  Breton  Island. 
Lon.  59°  40'  W.  lat.  46°  10'  N. 

FLINT-STONE,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Md.  150 
m.  NW.  by  W.  from  W. 

FLORENCE,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  17  m. 
NW,  from  Rome.  Pop.  964. 

FLORENCE,  t.  and  cap.  Lauderdale  co.  Al. 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Tennessee,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Muscle  Shoals,  on  the  road  from  Nash- 
ville  to  New  Orleans.  It  was  laid  out  in  1818, 
on  an  elevated  plain  100  feet  above  the  river, 
and  is  well  supplied  with  water.  It  lies  op- 
posite  a  fine  island  in  the  river,  between  which 
and  the  town  is  the  usual  channel  for  boats, 
and  is  one  mile  above  the  mouth  of  Cypress 
creek,  which  also  affords  a  good  harbor;  60  m 
N.  by  E.  from  Cotton-gin-port. 

FLORENCE,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio.   Pop.  500. 

FLORIDA,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  30  m. 
NNE.  from  Lenox.  Pop.  454. 

FLORIDA,  v.  in  Warwick,  N.  Y.  4£  m. 
from  the  village  of  Warwick.  It  has  about  70 
houses,  a  church,  and  an  academy. 

FLORIDA,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Mohawk,  11  m.  S.  from  Johnstown,  35  NW. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  2,838.  It  contains  5 
churches. 

FLORIDA,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

FLORIDA,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio. 

FLORIDA,  Cape,  the  most  easterly  point  of 
Florida.  Lon.  80°  37'  W. ;  lat.  25°  44'  N. 

FLORIDA,  GuJf  of,  the  channel  between 
the  peninsula  of  Florida  and  the  Bahama 
islands,  N.  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  and  through 
winch  the  gulf  stream  passes. 

FLORIDA  KEYS,  or  Martyr's  Island,  a 
number  ef  rocks  and  sand  banks  at  the  S.  ex 
tremity  of  E.  Florida.  The  great  sand  bank 
extends  from  the  peninsula  of  Florida  inward 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  the  form  of  a  hook. 

FLORIDA  TERRITORY,  see  page  150. 

FLORISSANT,  v.  Miso.  on  N.  side  of  the 
Missouri,  12  m.  above  Belle  Fontaine,  15  from 
St.  Louis.  It  is  a  French  settlement 

FLOUGHERTY'S  CREEK,  Va.  flows  into 
the  Youghiogeny  r.  a  little  below  the  Great 
Crossings.  It  passes  within  a  mile  of  Wills' 
creek,  a  water  of  the  Potomac. 

FLOWERTOWN,  or  White  Marsh,  t.  Mont 
gomery -co.  Pa.  on  the  Schuylkill,  12  m.  N.  from 
Philadelphia.  Pop.  1,328. 

FLOYD,  ce.  Ken.  Pop.  4,266.  Chief  town, 
Prestonville,  It  is  in  tlie  E.  part  of  the  state. 

FLOYD,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  6  m.  E.  from 
Rome,  10  N.  from  IMca.  Pop.  1,699,  Iron 
ore  is  found  here. 

FLOYD,  co.  In.  opposite  Louisville,  Ken. 
bounded  by  the  Ohio  river  SE.  Harrison  S.  and 
SW.  Washington  NW.  Scott  N.  and  Clarke 
NE. ;  about  20  m.  square.  Pop.  6,363.  Chief 
towns,  New  Albany  and  Jeffersonville. 

FLOYDSBURG,  on  Floyd's  Fork,  Jefferson 


co.  Ken.  36  m.  W.  from  Frankfort,  and  20  NE. 
from  Louisville. 

FLOYD'S  FORK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into 
tne  river  Salt. 

FLUSHING,  t.  Queen's  co.  N.  Y.  situated 
about  5  m.  E.  from  New  York.  Pop.  2,820. 

FLUSHING,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  W. 
from  St.  Clairsville.  Pop.  1,197. 

FLUVANNA,  co.  central  part  of  Va.  bound- 
ed  N.  by  Louisa  co.  E.  by  Goochland  co.  S.  by 
James  river,  and  W.  by  Albemarle  co.  Pop. 
8,221,  of  whom  3,791  are  slaves.  Chief  town, 
Columbia. 

FOGLESVILLE,  v.  Lehigh  co.  Pa. 

FOIN,  Point  Au,  in  St.  Lawrence  river,  the 
first  above  river  a  la  Vielle  Galette,  in  Edwards- 
burg,  Upper  Canada. 

FOND  DU  LAC,  a  large  bay  at  the  W.  end 
of  Lake  Superior,  which  receives  the  river  St. 
Louis.  The  American  Fur  Company  have  an 
establishment  on  the  river,  21  m.  above  its 
mouth. 

FORBES'  PURCHASE,  a  tract  of  land  in 
Florida,  including  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
country  between  the  Apalachicola  and  the  Oke- 
lochonne  rivers,  and  extending  S.  to  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico.  It  comprehends  some  of  the  best 
lands  in  Florida. 

FORDS,  v.  Amity  co.  Mississippi. 

FORD'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlan 
tic,  near  the  coast  of  South  Carolina.  Lon. 
79°  5'  W. ;  lat.  333  14'  N. 

FORDSVILLE,  v.  on  Pearl  river,  in  Marion 
co.  Mississippi,  160  m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Natchez, 
and  80  NNE.  from  New  Orleans. 

FORELAND,  South,  remarkable  point  of 
U.  C.  projecting  into  Lake  Erie,  and  usually 
called  Point  Pele.  It  lies  opposite  to  Huron 
county,  Ohio. 

FORESTERTON,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 
15  m.  E.  from  Philadelphia,  and  US.  from 
Burlington. 

FORKED  DEER,  r.  Ten.  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  between  Obrien  and  Hatchy 
rivers. 

FORKS,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,659. 

FORKS,  v.  Richland  co.  S.  C. 

FORK  SHOALS,  Greenville  co.  S.  C. 

FORK'S  OIL  CREEK,  v.  Crawford  co.  Pa 
340  m.  from  W. 

FORSTER'S  HARBOR,  bay,  in  Hudson's 
Strait.  Lon.  73°  30'  W. ;  lat.  62°  18'  N. 

FORT  AMANDA,  fort,  Ellen  co.  Ohio,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Auglaize,  49  m.  NE,  from  Green- 
ville,  129  N.  from  Cincinnati. 

FORT  ANN,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Lake  George,  10  m.  N.  from  Sandyhill,  60  N 
from  Albany.  Pop.  2,911.  The  village  is  on 
Wood  creek,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  and 
contains  about  40  houses.  At  this  spot  stood 
Fort  Ann,  often  mentioned  in  the  history  of 
American  wars. 

FORT  ARMSTRONG,  military  post,  U.  S. 
on  Rock  Island,  at  the  foot  of  rapids  in  the 
Mississippi,  2  m.  above  the  mouth  of  Rock  r. 
400  above  St.  Louis.  In  its  neighborhood  are 
a  large  body  of  Indians,  of  the  Sack  and  Fox 
tribes,  who  are  warlike,  and  well  furnished 
with  horses  and  fire-arms. 


FOR— FOR 


269 


FORT  BLOUNT,  or  Williamsburg,  v. 
Smith's  co.  Ten. 

FORT  BROWN,  fort,  Paulding  co.  Ohio, 
16  m.  S.  from  Fort  Defiance. 

FORT  BROWN,  at  the  head  of  Green  Bay, 
of  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  left  bunk  of  Fox 
river.  Lon.  from  W.  10°  30'  W. ;  lat  44°  18'  N. 

FORT  CHARTRES,  fort,  Illinois,  in  the 
American  bottom,  built  by  the  French,  at  the 
expense  of  a  million  and  a  half  dollars.  The 
ruins  still  remain,  J  of  a  mile  from  the  Missis 
sippi,  and  20  m.  from  Kaskaskia. 

FORT  CHIPPEW YAN,  N.  A.  on  Athapes- 
cow  Lake.  Lon.  110°  W. ;  lat.  58°  N. 

FORT  CHURCHILL,  fort,  and  settlement, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Hudson's  Bay.  Lon.  95° 
W. ;  lat.  58°  50'  N. 

FORT  CLAIBORNE,  t  Monroe  co.  Ala.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Alabama,  at  the  head  of  nav 
igation,  60  m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Tom- 
bigbee,  25  E.  from  St.  Stephens. 

FORT  CLARKE,  fort,  Illinois,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Illinois  river.  Lat.  40°  40'  N. 

FORT  COVINGTON,  t.  Franklin  co.N.Y. 
on  St.  Lawrence  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Salmon 
creek,  235  m.  N.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,901. 

FORT  CRAWFORD,  on  the  point  made  by 
the  confluence  of  the  Mississippi  and  Ouiscon- 
sift  rivers,  and  about  5  m.  above  their  junction, 
in  Prairie  du  Chien.  It  is  a  very  important 
frontier  station,  and  trading  establishment. 
Lon.  from  W.  13°  50'  W. ;  lat.  43°  5'  N. 

FORT  CRAWFORD,  v.  Conecuh  co.  Ala. 
on  Murder  creek,  branch  of  Conecuh  river,  45 
m.  NNE.  from  Pensacola,  and  60  m.  E.  from 
Fort  Stoddart. 

FORT  CREVECOEUR,  fort,  on  the  coast 
of  Florida.  Lon.  85°  30'  W. ;  lat.  29°  51'  N. 

FORT  CULONGE,  fort,  L.  C.  on  the  Otta 
wa  river,  170  m.  W.  from  Montreal. 

FORT  DEARBORN,  military  post  of  the 
U.  S.  on  the  S.  side  of  Chicago  river,  &  a  mile 
from  its  entrance  into  Lake  Michigan,  20  m. 
from  the  S.  end  of  the  lake,  and  220  from  Fort 
Howard.  Lat  41°  53'  11"  N. 

FORT  DEFIANCE,  fort,  Williams  co.Ohio, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Auglaize  and  Maumee 
rivers,  50  in.  SW.  from  Fort  Meigs,  and  16  N. 
from  Fort  Brown. 

FORT  DEFIANCE,  v.  Wilkes  co.  N.  C. 

FORT  EDWARD,  t.  in  Argyle,  Washing 
ton  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson,  near  the  great 
bend,  16  m.  from  Lake  George,  22  from  Lake 
Champlain,  50  N.  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,816. 
The  New  York  Northern  canal  from  Lake 
Champlain  opens  into  the  Hudson  at  this  place, 
through  a  lock. 

FORT  FERREE,  fort,  Ohio,  in  Upper  San- 
dusky,  on  Sandusky  river,  40  m.  S.  from  Fort 
Stephenson. 

FORT  FINDLEY,  v.  Logan  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  route  from  Urbanna  to  Fort  Meigs,  Ohio, 
20  m.  N.  from  Fort  Necessity. 

FORT  GADSDEN,  Florida,  on  the  left  bank 
of  Chatahoochee  river,  near  the  point  where 
that  stream  spreads  into  several  channels. 
Lat.  33°  15'  N. 

FORT  GAINES,  Geo.  fort,  on  the  E.  side  of 
Chatahoochee  r.'  between  lat.  31°  and  32°  N. 


FORT  GEORGE,  v.  and  fort,  in  Newark, 
Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  on  Niagara  river,  J  a  mile 
from  its  mouth.  The  bank  of  the  river,  at  the 
site  of  the  fort»  is  34  feet  high. 

FORT  GEORGE,  v.  in  Caldwell,  Warren 
co.  N.  Y.  at  the  S.  end  of  Lake  George,  59  m. 
N.  from  Albany.  The  ruins  of  the  old  fort  aro 
still  to  be  seen.  It  was  built  of  stone,  and 
stood  near  Fort  William  Henry. 

FORT  GEORGE,  isl.  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Florida,  N.  from  the  entrance  of  St.  John's  r. 

FORT  GRATIOT,  military  post,  Michigan 
territory,  on  St.  Clair  river,  which  defends  the 
entrance  into  Lake  Huron.  It  stands  a  little 
below  the  mouth  of  the  lake. 

FORT  GREENVILLE,  fort,  Darke  co.  Ohio, 
about  33  m.  NW.  from  Dayton.  A  treaty  with 
the  Indians  was  concluded  here  in  1795. 

FORT  HAMILTON,  fort,  Butler  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Great  Miami. 

FORT  HARRISON,  t.  and  cap.  Sullivan  co. 
Indiana,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Wabash,  65  m. 
above  Vincennes. 

FORT  HAWKINS,  t.  Jones  co.  Geo.  on  a 
healthy  spot,  about  1  m.  E.  from  Oakmulgeo 
river,  and  30  W.  from  Milledgeville. 

FORT  HOWARD,  a  military  post  of  the 
U.  S.  in  Green  Bay  Settlement,  Michigan  Ter 
ritory,  at  the  mouth  of  Fox  river,  184  m.  SW. 
from  Mackinaw,  220  N.  from  Chicago,  and 
360  by  Fox  and  Ouisconsin  rivers  to  Prairie 
du  Chien. 

FORT  INDEPENDENCE,  fort,  on  Castle 
Island,  in  Boston  harbor. 

FORT  JACKSON,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ala 
bama,  in  the  forks  of  the  Coosa  and  Tallapoosa 
rivers. 

FORT  JAMES,  fort,  Geo.  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Alatamaha. 

FORT  JEFFERSON,  v.  Darke  co.  Ohio,  5 
m.  S.  from  Greenville. 

FORT  JEFFERSON,  Ken.  on  the  Missis 
sippi.  Lon.  89°  46'  W. ;  lat.  36°  36'  N. 

FORT  JENNINGS,  fort,  Ohio,  18  m.  S. 
from  Fort  Amanda. 

FORT  KNOX,  fort,  In.  on  White  river. 

FORT  LAWRENCE,  fort,  Geo.  on  the  W. 
side  of  Flint  r.  31  m.  SW.  from  Fort  Hawkins. 

FORT  LIGONIER,  fort,  Pa.  50  in.  E.  from 
Pittsburg. 

FORT  LORAMIE,  fort,  Ohio,  on  the  head 
waters  of  the  Great  Miami.  Lon.  84°  17'  W.; 
lat.  40°  16'  N. 

FORT  M  ACARTHUR,  fort,  Logan  co.  Ohio, 

24  m.  N.  from  Urbanna. 

FORT  MACINTOSH,  fort,  Pa.  on  the  Ohio, 

25  m.  NW.  from  Pittsburg. 

FORT  MALDEN,  stood  on  the  Detroit  r. 
above  the  village  of  Aniherstburg,  U.  C.  The 
fort  has  been  abandoned  since  the  last  war  be 
tween  Great  Britain  and  the  U.  S. 

FORT  MASSAC,  Pope  co.  II.  on  the  Ohio 
river,  38  m.  above  its  mouth. 

FORT  MEIGS,  t.  Wood  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
right  bank  of  Maumee,  80  m.  SW.  from  Detroit. 

FORT  MEURON,  U.  C.  station  of  the  Hud 
son  Bay  Company,  on  the  N.  bank  of  a  river 
which  empties  into  Lake  Superior  at  Fort  Wil 
liam,  20  m.  below. 


270 


FOR— FOW 


FORT  MIAMI,  fort,  Ohio,  on  the  Maumee. 
Lon.  84°  56'  W. ;  lat.  41°  20'  N. 

FORT  MICHELL,  or  Coweta,  on  the  right 
bank  of  Chatahooche  r.  where  the  road  passes 
from  Milledgeville  to  New  Orleans,  about  100 
m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Milledgeville. 

FORT  MILLER,  v.  Washington  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  bank  of  the  Hudson  river,  10  m.  below 
Sandy  Hill,  and  38  N.  from  Albany. 

FORT  MIRO,  fort,  Louisiana,  on  the  Wa- 
chitta.  Lat.  32°  32' N. 

FORT  MONTGOMERY,  v.  and  fort,  Mont 
gomery  co.  Ala.  near  the  Alabama  r.  about  12 
m.  ENE.  from  Fort  Stoddart. 

FORT  MOOSE,  fort,  at  the  S.  extremity  of 
James'  Bay,  in  Hudson's  Bay,  at  the  mouth 
of  Moose  river. 

FORT  OSAGE,  on  the  Missouri,  330  m. 
above  its  mouth. 

FORT  PETITE  COQUILLES,  fort,  La.  on 
Lake  Pontchartrain.  It  is  an  important  post. 

FORT  PICKERING,  Shelby  co.  Ten.  at 
Chickasaw  Bluff,  below  the  mouth  of  Wolf  r. 
FORT  PLAIN,  v.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y 
on  the  right  bank  of  Mohawk  r.  at  the  mouth 
of  Otsequaga  creek,  78  m.  NW.  by  W.  from 
Albany. 

FORT  PORTAGE,  fort,  U.  C.  on  the  Otta 
wa  river,  120  m.  W.  from  Montreal. 

FORT  PORTAGE,  Ohio,  18  m.  S.  from 
Fort  Meigs. 

FORT  RECOVERY,  Mercer  co.  Ohio,  on 
a  branch  of  Wabash  river,  23  m.  NNW.  from 
Greenville. 

FORT  ROYAL,  capital  of  the  island  of 
Granada. 

FORT  ROYAL,  fort,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Martinico  Island. 

FORT  ROYAL,  s-p.  Jamaica,  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  island,  in  which  a  thousand  sail  of  ships 
could  anchor  with  the  greatest  convenience 
and  safety.  It  once  contained  2,000  houses 
but,  in  June  1692,  a  dreadful  earthquake  buri 
ed  nine-tenths  of  it  eight  fathoms  under  water, 
They,  however,  rebuilt  the  town ;  but  about  10 
years  after,  it  was  laid  in  ashes  by  a  terrible 
fire,  and  in  1722,  one  of  the  most  dreadful  hur 
ricanes  ever  known  reduced  it  a  third  time  to 
a  heap  of  rubbish.  Though  once  a  place  of 
the  greatest  wealth  and  importance  in  the 
West  Indies,  it  is  now  reduced  to  three  streets 
a  few  lanes,  and  about  200  houses.  It  stil 
contains,  however,  the  royal  navy-yard,  the 
navy  hospital,  and  barracks  for  a  regiment  of 
soldiers.  The  fortifications  are  kept  in  excel 
lent  order,  and  are  remarkably  strong.  It  is 
10  m.  SW.  from  Kingston.  Lon.  77°  W. 
lat.  17°  50'  N. 

FORT  SENECA,  v.  Seneca  co.  Ohio,  93  m 
a  little  W.  of  N.  from  Columbus. 

FORT  ST.  CLAIR,  Preble  co.  Ohio,  quar 
ter  of  a  mile  S.  from  Eaton. 

FORT  ST.  JEAN  DE  ULOA,  on  a  rockj 
island  at  the  mouth  of  the  harbor  of  VeraCruz 
state  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

FORT  ST.  JUAN,  fort,  Mexico,  in  New 
Leon,  on  the  del  Norte.  Lon.  101°  W.;  lat 
29°  N. 


FORT  ST.  MARY,  fort,  Louisiana,  on  E. 
ide  of  the  Mississippi,  6  m.  SE.  from  New 
Orleans. 

FORT  ST.  MARY'S,  Ohio,  near  the  sour 
ces  of  St.  Mary's  river,  23  m.  N.  from  Fort 
joramie. 

FORT  ST.  PHILIP,  fort  and  v.  Plaquemine 
:o.  Louisiana.  It  is  situated  at  the  Plaque- 
mine  bend  on  the  Mississippi,  30  m.  above 
Tort  Balize. 

FORT  SMITH,  or  Belle  Point,  U.  S.  fort 
and  the  seat  of  justice  of  Crawford  co.  Arkan 
sas,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Arkansas  at  the  junc 
tion  of  the  river  Poteau.  The  Arkansas  is 
navigated  by  steam-boats  from  its  mouth  to 
this  place,  a  distance  of  more  than  500  m. 

FORT  STANWIX,  fort,  in  Rome,  N.  Y. 
built  in  1758  by  the  British,  at  the  expense  of 
i»256,400,  and  rebuilt  from  a  heap  of  ruins  in 
;he  revolutionary  war,  and  called  Fort  Schvy- 
Vr.  Its  ruins  are  now  to  be  seen  near  the 
tillage  of  Rome,  between  the  waters  of  the 
Mohawk  and  Wood  creek. 

FORT  STEPHENSON,  military  post,  Ohio, 
on  W.  side  of  the  Sandusky,  at  the  settlement 
of  Lower  Sandusky,  18  m.  from  the  mouth  of 
the  river. 

FORT  STODDART,  v.  and  fort,  Baldwin 
co.  Alabama,  on  W.  side  of  the  Mobile,  44  m. 
above  its  entrance  into  Mobile  Bay,  and  1,036 
from  W. 

FORT  STOTHER,  St.  Clair  co.  Ala.  on  the 
right  bank  of  Coosa  river,  20  m.  SE.  from  St. 
Clairsville. 

FORT  WASHINGTON,  v.  on  the  left  bank 
of  Potomac  river,  and  on  the  point  above  the 
mouth  of  Piscataway  creek,  Prince  Georges 
co.  Md.  15  m.  below  W. 

FORT  WAYNE,  v.  Randolph  co.  In.  by 
postroad  175  m.  NNE.  from  Indianapolis,  157 
NW.  from  Columbus  in  Ohio. 

FORT  WILLIAM,  U.  Canada,  station  of 
the  NW.  Fur  Company,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Kaminiticuvia,  which  is  here  half  a  mile  wide, 
and  empties  into  Lake  Superior,  a  mile  below 
the  fort.  Lat.  48°  N. 

FORT  WILLIAMS,  Ala.  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Coosa,  in  the  country  of  the  Upper  Creeks, 
about  60  m.  above  Fort  Jackson. 

FORTUNE,  bay,  in  the  S.  coast  of  New 
foundland,  inclosed  by  Miquelon  Island,  and 
Point  May. 

FOSTER,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  18  m.  W. 
from  Providence,  453  from  W.  Pop.  2,672. 
Here  are  several  cotton  manufactories. 

FOSTER'S  FERRY,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

FOTHERINGAY,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Va. 

FOUCAULT,  Seigniory,  Bedford  co.  L.  C. 
between  Missisque  Bay,  the  N.  boundary  of 
the  U.  S.  and  Richelieu  river. 

FOUCHE  DE  THOMAS,  t  Arkansas. 

FOULKSTOWN,  v.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

FOULWEATHER,  Cape,  NW.  coast  of 
America.  Lon.  236°  4'  W. ;  lat  44°  49'  N. 

FOWLER,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.Y.  Pop. 
in  1820,  605;  in  1830, 1,447. 

FOWLER,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  12  m. 
NE.  from  Warren. 


FOU— FRA 


271 


FOURCHE  AU  CADO,  branch  of  Washi- 
tau  river,  entering  from  the  left.  It  rises  be- 
tween  Washitau  proper,  and  Little  Missouri. 

FOUR  CORNERS,  v.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

FOUR  CORNERS,  v.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  14 
m.  from  Rotterdam,  329  from  W. 

FOUR  CORNERS,  v.  Lincoln  co.  Me. 

FOUR  MILE  BRANCH,  v.  Barnwell  dis 
trict,  S.  C. 

FOUR  MILE  CREEK,  r.  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio. 

FOXBOROUGH,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  26  m. 
SSW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,099. 

FOX  CAPE,  Pacific  coast  of  N.  America. 
Lat  54°  45'  N. 

FOX  CREEK,  r.  which  rises  in  Albany  co. 
N.  Y  and  runs  into  the  Schoharie  river  in  the 
town  of  Schoharie.  Length,  17  m. 

FOXCROFT,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  82  m 
NNW.  from  Castine,  270  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  677. 

FOX  ISLANDS,  small  islands  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

FOX  ISLANDS,  in  the  centre  of  Penob 
scot  Bay,  Maine.  They  contain  about  10,000 
acres,  and  constitute  the  town  of  Vinalhaven. 

FOX  LOACS  GROVE,  t.  Limestone  co. 
Ala.  269  m.  N.  from  Cahawba. 

FOX  RIVER,  r.  Canada,  which  empties 
into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

FOX  RIVER,  r.  which  runs  into  the  Wa- 
bash,  15  m.  above  its  mouth. 

FOX  RIVER,  NW.  Territory,  U.S.  which 
runs  through  Lake  Winnebago,  and  flows  NE 
into  Green  Bay.  It  is  connected  with  the 
Ouisconsin  by  a  portage  of  4m. 

FOX  RIVER,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into 
the  Theakiki. 

FRAMINGHAM,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass 
22  m.  WSW.  from  Boston,  415  from  W.  Pop. 
2,213.  Here  are  an  academy,  and  a  cotton 
manufactory. 

FRAMPTON,  t.  Dorchester  and  Hertford 
cos.  L.  C.  between  Cranbourne  and  lalliet,  30 
m.  SE.  from  Quebec. 

FRANCESTOWN,  tHillsborough  co.N.H. 
12  m.  NW.  from  Amherst,  496  from  W.  Pop. 
1,540.  It  is  a  considerable  town,  and  contains 
two  valuable  quarries  of  soap-stone. 

FRANCIS,  v.  St.  Genevieve  co.  Miso. 

FRANCIS,  St.  a  tributary  stream  of  the 
great  river  Mississippi,  rising  in  the  state  of 
Missouri,  in  the  lat.  of  37°  45'  N.  running 
parallel  with  the  Mississippi  on  the  W.  at  the 
distance  of  about  40  m.  and  enters  it  after  a 
course  of  about  220  m.  45  m.  above  the  en 
trance  of  the  Arkansas. 

FRANCIS,  St.  a  river  of  Lower  Canada, 
rising  in  Lake  Memphremagog,  which  spreads 
into  the  state  of  Vermont. 

FRANCIS,  Point,  cape,  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America.  Lat.  48°  44'  N. 

FRANCISBURG,  v.  Union  co.  Ken.  240  m. 
from  Frankfort. 

FRANCOIS,  River,  U.  C.  runs  SW.  from 
Lake  Nepising  into  Lake  Huron ;  it  has  sev 
eral  portages ;  that  nearest  to  Lake  Nepising 
is  called  Portage  de  Trois  Chaudiers,  in  length 
about  half  a  mile. 


FRANCOIS,  v.  Wayne  co.  Miso. 

FRANCOIS,  Cape,  fine  town  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  island  of  St.  Domingo,  belonging  to  the 
French,  who  often  call  it  the  Cape,  by  way  of 
eminence.  It  was  almost  ruined  by  the  dread 
ful  commotions  which  attended  the  French 
revolution. 

FRANCONIA,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  28  m. 
NE.  from  Haverhill.  Pop.  443.  There  are  2 
manufactories  of  iron  in  this  town. 

FRANCONIA,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  800. 

FRANKFORD,  t.  Sussex  c%.  N.  J.  border- 
ing  on  Newtown. 

FRANKFORD,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

FRANKFORD,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  on 
a  small  creek,  which  runs  into  the  Delaware, 
1 J  m.  below.  It  is  5  m.  NE.  from  Philadel 
phia.  Pop.  1,637.  It  has  a  number  of  manu 
facturing  establishments,  and  is  a  pleasant  vil 
lage.  The  Friends  have  here  an  Asylum  for 
the  Insane,  with  a  spacious  and  commodious 
building. 

FRANKFORT,  v.  Greenbrier  co.  Va. ;  74 
m.  from  Christiansburg. 

FRANKFORT,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Va.  on  a 
creek  which  runs  into  the  Potomac,  13  m. 
NW.  from  Romney,  4  S.  of  the  Potomac. 

FRANKFORT,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  on  the  W. 
side  of  Penobscot  river,  at  the  head  of  water 
navigation ;  26  m.  N.  from  Castine,  12  S.  from 
Bangor.  Pop.  2,487. 

FRANKFORT,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Mohawk.  Pop.  2,620. 

FRANKFORT,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ken.  the 
political  metropolis  of  the  state,  is  situated  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Kentucky,  60  m.  above  its 
entrance  into  the  Ohio.  The  environs  of  the 
beautiful  plain,  on  which  the  town  is  built,  are 
remarkable  for  their  romantic  and  splendid 
scenery.  The  river  divides  the  town  into 
Frankfort  and  South  Frankfort,  which  are 
connected  by  a  bridge  across  the  Kentucky, 
which  here  flows  between  banks  4  or  500  feet 
in  height.  Both  divisions  contain  about  2,000 
inhabitants.  The  State  House  is  entirely  of 
marble,  with  a  front  presenting  a  portico  sup 
ported  by  Ionic  columns,  the  whole  having  an 
aspect  of  magnificence.  It  contains  the  cus 
tomary  legislative  halls,  and  apartments  for 
the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  the  Federal  Court 
The  stair-way  under  the  vault  of  the  dome  has 
been  much  admired.  The  penitentiary  hi 
general  contains  over  100  convicts,  and  is  one 
of  the  few  establishments  of  the  kind  in  the 
U.  States  the  income  from  which  exceeds  the 
expenses.  Its  other  public  buildings  are  three 
churches,  an  academy,  and  county  court-house. 
It  has  a  number  of  respectable  manufacturing 
establishments,  among  which  are  three  manu 
factories  of  cotton-bagging,  a  rope-walk,  a  cot- 
,on  factory,  two  large  ware-houses,  and  the 
usual  number  of  corresponding  establishments, 
[t  is  at  the  head  of  steam-boat  navigation, 
laving  3  or  4  steam-boats  in  regular  employ, 
when  the  stage  of  water  in  the  river  admits ; 
and  is  a  place  of  considerable  commercial  en- 
;erprise.  The  public  inns  are  on  a  respectable 
boting ;  and  it  is  a  place  of  much  show  and 


272 


FRA— FRA 


gaiety.  The  houses  in  particular  are  singu 
larly  neat,  many  of  them  being  built  of  the 
beautiful  marble  furnished  by  the  banks  of 
the  river.  Sea-vessels  have  been  built  here, 
and  floated  to  New  Orleans.  It  is  situated  212 
m.  from  Nashville,  806  from  New  Orleans,  20 
NW.  from  Lexington,  149  from  Indianapolis, 
252  from  Vandalia,  550  from  Washington,  321 
from  St.  Louis,  and  85  from  Cincinnati.  Pop. 
1,987. 

FRANKFORT,  v.  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

FRANKFORT,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Mor 
gan  co.  Va.  on*  Patterson's  creek,  a  branch  of 
Potomac  ;  12  m.  from  Cumberland  in  Md. 

FRANKFORT,  v.  Franklin  co.  II. ;  47  m. 
NW.  by  W.  from  Shawneetown,  and  65  SE. 
by  E.  from  Kaskaskia. 

FRANKFORT,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio;  15 
m.  E.  from  Cambridge. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Champlain. 
Pop.  24,525.  Chief  town,  St.  Albans. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt. ;  96  m. 
NE.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  1,129. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  Mass,  on  both  sides  of 
Connecticut  river,  N.  of  Hampshire  co.  Pop. 
29,344.  Chief  town,  Greenfield. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.;  8  m. 
SW.  from  Dedham,  26  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,662. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Shetucket,  adjoining  Norwich. 
Pop.  1,200. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  N.  part  of  N.  Y. ;  bounded 
N.  by  Canada,  E.  by  Clinton  and  Essex  cos. 
S.  by  Essex  and  Hamilton  cos.  and  W.  by 
St.  Lawrence  co.  Pop.  11,332.  Chief  town, 
Malone. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Susquehannah,  N.  of  Delhi ;  346  m.  from  W. 
Pop.  2,775. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  NW.  part  of  Ala.  on  the 
S.  side  of  Tennessee  river.  Pop.  11,078. 

FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP,  Gloucester  co. 
N.J. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 

FRANKLIN,  t  Bergen  co.  N.  J. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  S.  part  of  Pa. ;  bounded 
NE.  by  Cumberland  co.  E.  by  Adams  co.  S. 
by  Maryland,  and  W.  by  Bedford  and  Mifflin 
cos.  Pop.  35,103.  Chief  town,  Chambers- 


tANKLIN,  t  York  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t,  Adams  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t,  and  cap.  Venango  co.  Pa. 
at  the  junction  of  French  creek  with  the  Al- 
leghany  ;  25  m.  SE.  from  Meadville,  63  N. 
from  Pittsburg,  237  from  W.  The  celebrated 
Oil  Springs  are  11  m.NE.of  this  town.  They 
rise  from  the  bed  of  Oil  creek,  and  afford  an 
inexhaustible  supply  of  oil. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t  Greene  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  S.  part  of  Va. ;  bounded 
NW.  by  Bottetourt  co.  NE.  by  Bedford  co.  E. 
by  Pittaylvania  co.  S.  by  Henry  and  Patrick 


cos.  and  W.  by  Montgomery  co.    Pop.  14,911. 
Chief  town,  Rocky  Mount. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Pendleton  co.  Va.  on  S. 
branch  of  the  Potomac;  35  m.  SW.  from 
Moorfield,  55  N.  from  Bath,  190  from  W. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Russell  co.  Va.;  20  m, 
WNW.  from  Abingdon. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  N.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
10,665.  Chief  town,  Louisburg. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  central  part  of  Ohio.  Pop. 
14,716.  Chief  towns,  Franklinton  and  Co- 
lumbus. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Great  Miami ;  10  m.  NW.  from  Lebanon,  34 
N.  by  E.  from  Cincinnati. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  N.  part  of  Ken.  Pop. 
9,251.  Chief  town,  Frankfort. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  West  Tennessee.  Pop. 
15.C44  Chief  town,  Winchester. 

FRANKLIN,  v.  Haywood  co.  N.  C. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  and  cap.  Williamson  co. 
Ten.  on  the  Harpath ;  17  m.  SSW.  from  Nash 
ville,  767  from  W.  Pop.  about  2,000.  It  is  a 
pleasant  town,  and  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  flourishing  in  the  state.  It  contains  the 
county  buildings,  a  bank,  and  a  printing-office, 
where  a  newspaper  is  published. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  SE.  part  of  Indiana. 
Pop.  10,199.  Chief  town,  Brookville. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  St.  Mary's  parish,  La. ;  150 
m.  from  New  Orleans.  Lon.  91°  53'  W.  lat 
30°  1'  N. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  II.  Pop.  4,081.  Chief 
town,  Frankfort. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  Ala.  Pop.  11,078.  Chief 
town,  Rnssellville. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  Miso.  Pop.  3,484.  Chief 
town,  Union. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  and  cap.  Howard  co.  Miso. 
on  the  Missouri ;  160  m.  from  St.  Louis. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  NW.  part  of  Georgia. 
Pop.  10,135.  Chief  town,  Carnesville. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  Mississippi.  Pop.  4,622. 
Chief  town,  Franklin. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Attakapas  co.  La.;  1,327 
from  W. 

FRANKLIN  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs 
SE.  into  the  Great  Miami,  below  Franklin. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLINTON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  on 
SW.  branch  of  the  Scioto,  opposite  Columbus, 
1  m.  distant ;  45  m.  N.  from  Chillicothe,  and 
419  from  W.  It  is  the  seat  of  justice  for  the 
county. 

FRANKLINVILLE,  v.  Cataurangus  co 
N.  Y. ;  289  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

FRANKS,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,297. 

FRANKSTOWN,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  OB 
Frankstown  river;  20  m.  SW.  by  W.  from 
Huntingdon. 


FRA— FRE 


273 


FRANKSTOWN-BRANCH,    r.  Pa. ;    the 

NW.  branch  of  the  Juniata,  rises  in  Bedford 
co.  and  joins  Raystown-branch,  2  m.  below 
the  borough  of  Huntingdon,  and  forms  the 
Juniata. 

FRARESAU,  v.  Miso.  on  the  road  from  St. 
Charles  to  St.  Louis. 

FREDERIC  A,  t.  Kent  co.  Delaware,  at  the 
forks  of  Mothcrldll,  a  branch  of  Delaware 
river ;  7  m  from  Milford,  12  E.  from  Dover. 

FREDERICA,  a  town  of  the  state  of  Geor 
gia,  in  Glynn  co.  and  the  W.  side  of  St.  Simon 
Island,  with  a  safe  and  commodious  harbor, 
64  m.  SW.  of  Savannah.  Lon.  80°  56'  W.  lat. 
31°  6'  N. 

FREDERICK,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop, 
1,000. 

FREDERICK,  co.  Md.  on  the  Potomac. 
Pop.  45,793.  Chief  town,  Fredericktown. 

FREDERICK,  t.  Cecil  co.  Md.  on  the  Sas 
safras,  opposite  Georgetown,  19  m.  NE.  from 
Chestertown. 

FREDERICK,  co.  Va.  Pop.  26,048.  Chief 
town,  Winchester. 

FREDERICK  HOUSE,  a  trading  station 
in  Upper  Canada,  near  the  head  waters  of  the 
Ottawa  river.  Lon.  82°  W.  lat.  48°  30'  N. 

FREDERICK  POINT,  U.  C.  is  on  the  E 
side  of  Kingston  harbor,  and  on  the  W.  side 
of  Haldimand  Cove,  which  is  made  by  it  and 
Point  Henry. 

FREDERICKSBURG,  t.  Spottsylvania  co 
Va.  and  one  of  the  most  flourishing  commer 
cial  towns  in  the  state,  is  regularly  laid  out, 
on  the  SW.  bank  of  the  Rappahannock  river, 
110  m.  from  its  mouth,  57  SW.  from  W.  66 
N.  from  Richmond.  Lon.  77°  33'  W.  lat.  38° 
18'  N.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  academy, 
2  banks,  and  4  houses  of  public  worship.  It 
is  advantageously  situated  for  trade,  near  the 
head  of  navigation  on  the  Rappahannock,  in 
the  midst  of  a  fertile  and  well  cultivated  coun 
try.  Vessels  of  130  or  140  tons  ascend  as  far 
as  this  place,  and  large  quantities  of  corn,  flour, 
tobacco,  and  other  produce,  are  brought  from 
the  surrounding  country  for  exportation.  The 
annual  value  of  exports  has  been  estimated  at 
$4,000,000.  Pop.  3,307. 

FREDERICKSBURG,  t.  Washington  co. 
Indiana,  on  Big  Blue  river,  20  m.  NW.  from 
Corydon. 

FREDERICKSBURG,  t.  Gallatin  co.  Ken. 

FREDERICKSBURG,  t.  Lenox  co.  U.  C. 
on  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  W.  of  Ernestown. 

FREDERICKTON,  or  St.  Anne,  capital  of 
New  Brunswick,  on  St.  John's  river,  at  the 
head  of  sloop  navigation,  about  90  m.  above  its 
mouth. 

FREDERICKTOWN,  city  and  cap.  Fred 
erick  co.  Md.  on  a  branch  of  Monocasy  creek, 
43  m.  NNW.  from  W.  42  W.  from  Baltimore. 
Lat.  39°  24'  N.  The  public  buildings  are  an 
elegant  court-house,  a  jail,  bank,  brick  market- 
house,  academy,  and  7  houses  of  public  wor 
ship.  It  is  a  very  flourishing  town,  and  has 
considerable  trade  with  the  back  country. 
Great  quantities  of  leather,  shoes,  hats,  saddles, 
and  elove*,  are  sent  to  Baltimore. 
2K 


FREDERICKTOWN,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio, 
7  m.  N.  from  Mount  Vernon,  40  NE.  from  Co- 
lumbus. 

FREDERICKTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Madison 
co.  Miso.  near  St.  Michael's. 

FREDERICKTOWN,  v.  Washington  co. 
Pa.  on  the  left  bank  of  Monongahela  river,  2  m. 
below  the  mouth  of  Ten-Mile  creek,  and  8 
above  Brownsville. 

FREDONIA,  v.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  45  m. 
from  Buffalo,  and  45  from  Erie,  on  the  road 
between  the  two  latter  places,  and  4  m.  from 
Dunkirk  on  Lake  Erie. 

FREDONIA,  v.Crawford  co.  In.  on  Ohio  r. 
5  m.  below  the  mouth  of  Great  Blue  r.  and  15 
m.  a  little  S.  of  W.  from  Corydon. 

FREEBURG,  v.  Union  co.  Pa. 

FREEDOM,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  28  m.  NE. 
from  Augusta.  Pop.  in  1820,  788;  in  1830, 
869. 

FREEDOM,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  35  m. 
from  Albany. 

FREEDOM,  v.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 

FREEHOLD,  v.  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  on  Cats- 
kill  creek,  20  m.  NW.  from  Hudson,  and  27 
SSW.  from  Albany. 

FREEHOLD,  or  Monmouth,  v.  and  seat  of 
justice,  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  15  m.  SW.  by  W. 
from  Shrewsbury,  and  25  m.  SE.  by  E.  from 
Bordentown  It  is  a  pleasant  place,  and  has 
an  academy. 

FREEMAN,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  40  m.  NW. 
from  Norridgewock.  Pop.  in  1820,  517;  in 
1830,  724. 

FREEMAN'S  STORE,  v.  Jones  co.  Geo. 
14  m.  W.  from  Milledgeville. 

FREEPORT,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  20  m. 
NE.  from  Portland.  Pop.  2,623. 

FREEPORT,  v.  Armstrong  co.  Pa.  on  tha 
right  bank  of  AUeghany  river,  at  the  mouth 
of  Buffalo  creek,  15  m.  below  Kittaning,  and 
26  above  Pittsburg. 

FREEPORT,  t.  in  the  south-west  angle  of 
Harrison  co.  Ohio. 

FREETOWN,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass,  feft  side 
of  Taunton  river,  40  m.  S.  of  Boston.  Pop. 
1,909. 

FREETOWN,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
in  1820,  663 ;  in  1830,  1,051. 

FRENCH  BROAD  RIVER,  one  of  the 
sources  of  Tennessee  river.  It  rises  in  South 
Carolina,  and  crossing  the  western  part  of 
North  Carolina,  enters  Tennessee  through  a 
breach  in  the  mountain,  and  joins  the  Holston, 
LI  m.  above  Knoxville.  It  is  navigable  for 
boats  nearly  the  whole  of  its  course  in  Ten- 
nessee.  About  30  miles  from  its  mouth  is  a 
arge  medicinal  warm  spring. 

FRENCH  GRANT,  v.  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  106 
m.  S.  from  Columbus. 

FRENCH  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  AUeghany,  80  m.  N.  by  E.  from  Pittsburg. 
[t  was  the  usual  French  route  from  Lake  Erie 
,o  the  Ohio. 

FRENCH  CREEK,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa. 
FRENCH  CREEK,  t  Venango  co.  Pa. 
FRENCH  CREEK,  r.  Ken,  which  runs 
nto  the  Ohio. 


274 


FRE— GAL 


FRENCH  CREEK,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 
200  m.  NW  from  Albany. 

FRENCH  CREEK,  rises  in  Berks  co.  Pa. 
and  flowing  SE.  enters  Chester  co.  falls  into 
Schuylkill  river,  10  m.  above  Norristown. 

FRENCH  CREEK,  r.  rises  in  Chatauquc 
co.  N.  Y.  enters  Pa.  in  Erie  co.  and  continuing 
by  comparative  courses  to  Meadville,  there  re 
ceives  the  Cassawago,  turns  to  NE.  25  m.  and 
unites  with  the  Alleghany  river  at  Franklin. 
It  is  navigable  as  high  as  the  mouth  of  Boeuf 
creek,  5  m.  S.  from  Water  ford. 

FRENCHMAN'S  BAY,  Me.  lying  between 
Mount  Desert  Island  and  the  peninsula  of 
Goldsborough.  It  communicates  with  Blue- 
hill  Bay. 

FRENCH  MILLS,  now  Fort  Covington,  t. 
Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  on  Salmon  river,  8  m.  E. 
from  St.  Regis. 

FRENCH  MILLS,  t.  Onslow  co.  N.C.  158 
m.  SE.  from  Raleigh. 

FRENCH  RIVER,  r.  Upper  Canada,  which 
rises  in  Lake  Nepising,  and  after  a  course  of 
75  miles,  enters  Lake  Huron,  in  lat.  45°  53'  N. 

FRENCH,  r.  which  rises  in  Mass,  and  joins 
the  Quinebaug  in  Thompson,  Ct. 

FRENCHTON,  v.  Dinwiddie  co.  Va. 

FRENCHTOWN,  landing,  Cecil  co.  Md. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Elk  r.  1  m.  S.  from  Elkton. 

FRENCHTOWN,  t.  Monroe  co.  Michigan 
territory. 

FRENCH  VILLAGE,  v.  II.  5  m.  E.  from 
St.  Louis. 

FRENEUSE,  lake,  N.  Brunswick,  through 
which  St.  John  river  passes. 

FRESNILLO,  t.  Mexico,  30  m.  NW.  from 
Zacatecas.  Lon.  101°  58'  W.;  lat.  23°  22'  N. 

FRIENDLY  COVE,  harbor  in  Nootka 
Sound,  on  the  N  W.  coast  of  America. 

FRIENDSHIP,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  30  m.E. 
from  Wiscasset.  Pop.  634. 

FRIENDSHIP,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  SW. 
of  Angelica.  Pop.  1,502. 

FRIENDSHIP,  v.  Anne  Arundel  co.  Md. 

FRIENDSVILLE,  v.  Susquehannah  co. 
Pa. 

FROBISHER'S  STRAITS,  little  north  of 
Cape  Farewell,  and  West  Greenland,  discover 
ed  by  Sir  Martin  Frobisher.  Lon.  42°  W. 
lat  63°  N. 

FROG'S  POINT,  or  Frog's  Neck,  West- 
chester  co.  N.  Y.  on  Long  Island  Sound,  9  m. 
NE.  from  Haerlem  Heights. 

FRONTINAC,  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  Lake 
Ontario. 

FRONTROYAL,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

FRUITSTOWN,  t.  Ly coming  co.  Pa, 

FROSTBURG,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Md.  situ 
ate  on  the  national  road,  10  m.  W.  from  Cum 
berland.  This  is  perhaps  the  most  elevated 
town  in  the  U.  States,  being,  according  to  Mr. 
Schriver,  1792  feet  above  tide-water  in  Chef  v- 
peake  Bay.  This  village  is  145  m.  from  W. 

FRUITSTOWN,  t.  Columbia  co.  Pa.  15  m. 
N.  from  Danville 

FRYBURG,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  and  the  seat 
of  an  academy ;  lying  on  the  N.  branch  of 
Saco  river,  58  m.  NVV.  of  Portland.  Pop.  in 
1820,1,057;  in  1830,1,353. 


FRYINGPAN  SHOALS,  off  Cape  Fear  r. 
N.C. 

FUERTE  RIO,  r.  Mexico,  in  Sonora,  flows 
into  the  Gulf  of  California. 

FULLENWIDERS,  t.  Lincoln  co.  N.  C. 
194  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Raleigh. 

FULLERTON,  Point,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Antigua.  Lon.  61°  35'  W. ;  lat.  17°  13'  N. 
It  is  also  the  name  of  a  cape  in  Hudson's  Bay. 
Lon.  88°  20'  W.;  lat.  64°  10'  N. 

FULLING-MILLS,  v.  Kent  co.  R.  I. 

FULLMOON  SHOAL,  shoal  of  cape  Hat- 
teras,  N.  C.  having  10  or  12  feet  at  low  water. 

FULTON,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C.  137  m.  by 
postroad  from  Raleigh. 

FULTON,  t.  Sumpter  district,  S.  C  49  m. 
from  Columbia. 

FULTON,  C.  H.  Fulton  co.  II.  96  m.  from 
Vandalia. 

FUNDY,  Bay  of,  North  America,  between 
Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick.  Its  en 
trance  is  between  Cape  Sable,  the  SW.  point 
of  Nova  Scotia,  and  Mount  Desert  Island  on 
the  coast  of  Maine.  The  tides  in  the  Bay  of 
Fundy  have  an  extraordinary  rise.  At  the 
entrance  of  the  bay  they  are  only  of  the  ordi 
nary  height,  about  8  feet ;  but  at  Lubec,  com 
mon  tides  rise  25  feet ;  at  St.  John,  30 ;  and  at 
the  head  of  the  bay  60  feet.  The  tides  here 
are  so  rapid  as  to  overtake  and  sweep  off  ani 
mals  feeding  on  the  shore. 

FUNKSTOWN,  or  Jerusalem,  t.  Washing 
ton  co.  Md.  on  Antietam  creek,  2J  m.  SW. 
from  Elizabethtown. 

FURNACE,  v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  58  m.  a 
little  N.  of  W.  from  Hartford. 

FURRY'S  TOWN,  t.  Jamaica,  in  St.  James 
co.  20  m.  NE.  from  Savannah  la  Mer. 

G. 

GAINES,  t.  Orleans  co.N.  Y.  on  Lake  On 
tario  ;  30  m.  W.  from  Rochester,  18  N.  from 
Batavia,  Pop.  2,121. 

GAINESVILLE,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. ;  24 
m.  S.  from  Batavia.  Pop.  1,934. 

GALEN,  t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Erie 
canal,  immediately  N.  of  Junius.  It  contains 
the  village  of  Clyde.  Here  are  salt-works. 
Pop.  2,979. 

GALLATIN,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. ;  19  m. 
SE.  from  Hudson.  The  Ancram  iron-works 
in  this  town  are  very  extensive,  and  the  iron 
is  highly  prized.  The  ore  is  obtained  from 
the  neighboring  town  of  Salisbury,  Ct. 

GALLATIN,  t.  and  cap.  Sumner  co.  W. 
Ten. ;  27  m.  NE.  from  Nashville.  Here  is  an 
academy. 

GALLATIN,  co.  Ken.;  bounded  N.  by 
Ohio  river ;  E.  by  Grant,  SE.  by  Grant  and 
Owen,  and  SW.  by  Henry.  Length  35  m. 
mean  width  10.  Chief  town,  Port  William. 
Pop.  6,680. 

GALLATIN,  co.  II.;  bounded  by  Wabash 
river  E.  and  SE.  Pope  S.  Franklin  W.  and 
White  N.  Length  36  m.  mean  width  33. 
Chief  town,  Shawneetown.  Pop.  in  1820, 3,155 ; 
in  1830,  7,407. 

GALLATIN,  v.  Copiah  co.  Mississippi ;  36 
m,  from  Monticello. 


GAL— GEO 


275 


GALLATIN'S  RIVER,  one  of  the  three 
forks  of  the  Missouri,  joins  the  main  stream 
in  Ion.  110°  5'  W. ;  lat.  45°  15'  N. 

GALLIA,  co.  Ohio ;  bounded  by  the  Ohio 
river  E.  and  SE.  Lawrence  SW.  Jackson  NW. 
and  Meigs  N.  Length  36  m.  width  24.  Pop. 
9,733.  Chief  town,  Gallipolis. 

GALLIPOLIS,  t  and  cap.  Gallia  co.  Ohio, 
on  Ohio  river ;  57  m.  SE.  from  Chillicothe,  102 
SE.  from  Columbus.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
jail,  and  academy.  It  was  settled  in  1790 
by  a  French  colony.  Pop.  755.  Lat.  38° 
50'  N. 

GALLOWAY,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
1,659. 

GALVESTON,  v.  La.  on  the  Iberville  at  its 
confluence  with  Amite  river,  18  m.  from  Don- 
aldsonville,  25  SE.  from  Baton  Rouge.  Lat 
30°  20'  N. 

GALWAY,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.;  8  m. 
W.  from  Ballston,  31  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,710. 

GARDINER,  t.  Kcnnebeck  co.  Me.  on  the 
W.  bank  of  Kennebeck  river,  opposite  Pitts- 
town.  Cobbeseconte  river  runs  through  this 
town,  and  for  more  than  a  mile  has  a  contin 
ued  succession  of  falls  on  which  are  erected 
various  manufacturing  establishments.  The 
Gardiner  Lyceum  is  established  here,  and 
went  into  operation  in  January,  1823.  It  is 
novel  in  its  design,  being  intended  to  fit  young 
men  to  become  farmers  and  mechanics.  In 
struction  is  given  in  the  various  branches  of 
natural  science,  and  their  application  to  prac 
tical  purposes.  The  term  of  study  is  3  years. 
It  is  6  m.  S.  from  Augusta.  Pop.  3,709. 

GARDINER'S  BAY  and  ISLAND,  at  the 
E.  end  of  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  Lon.  72°  15' 
W.;  lat.  41°  3'  N.  The  island  is  7  m.  long. 
It  was  settled  in  1639  by  Lyon  Gardiner, 
and  is  now  the  property  of  one  of  his  de 
scendants. 

GARDNER,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. ;  25  m. 
N.  from  Worcester,  58  NW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,023. 

GARLAND,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.;  28  m. 
NW.  from  Bangor.  Pop.  621. 

GARRARD,  co.  Ken.;  bounded  by  Rock- 
castle  SE.  Lincoln  SW.  Mercer  NW.  Ken 
tucky  river,  or  Jessamine  N.  and  Madison 
NE.  Length  28  m.  mean  width  8.  Chief 
town,  Lancaster.  Pop.  in  1820,  10,851 ;  in 
1830,  11,870. 

GASCONADE,  r.  Miso.  which  falls  into  the 
Missouri  from  the  N.  100  m.  from  its  conflu 
ence  with  the  Mississippi. 

GATES,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  at  the  mouth 
of  Genesee  river;  28 m.  NW.  from  Canandai- 
gua.  Pop.  2,643. 

GATES,  co.  N.  C.  in  the  NE.  part  of  the 
state.  Length  23  m.  mean  width  11.  Pop. 
7,856.  Chief  town,  Hertford. 

GAULEY,  r.  Va,  enters  the  E.  side  of  the 
Kenhawa,  above  the  falls. 

GEAUGA,  co.  Ohio;  bounded  NW.  by 
Lake  Erie,  E.  by  Ashtabula  and  Trumbull,  S. 
by  Geauga,  and  W.  by  Cuyahoga.  Length 
28  m.  width  21.  Chief  town,  Chardon.  Pop. 
in  1820,  7,791 ;  in  1830, 15,813. 


GEDDYSBURGH,  v.  in  Salina,  N.  Y.  on 
the  Erie  canal. 

GENESEE,  r.  rises  in  Pa.  and  flowing 
through  New  York,  falls  into  Lake  Ontario, 
affording  a  good  harbor  at  its  mouth.  About 
40  m.  N.  of  the  Pennsylvania  line,  there  are 
two  falls  in  the  river,  1  of  60  and  1  of  90  feet, 
a  mile  apart.  At  Rochester  there  are  also  two 
falls,  1  of  96  feet,  and  1,  3  m.  below,  of  75  feet. 
Vessels  ascend  to  the  falls. 

GENESEE,  co.  N.  Y. ;  bounded  S.  by  Al- 
cghany  and  Cataraugus,  W.  by  Erie  and 
Niagara,  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  E,  by  Mon 
roe  and  Livingston  cos.  Length  52  m.  width 
26.  Pop.  51,992.  Chief  town,  Batavia. 

GENESEO,  t.  and  cap.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y 
on  the  Genesee  river ;  25  m.  W.  from  Canan 
daigua,  33  S.  from  Rochester,  35  E.  from 
Batavia.  Pop.  1,598. 

GENEVA,  v.  in  Seneca  township,  Ontario 
co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W.  side  of  Seneca  Lake,  near 
the  outlet ;  16  m.  E.  from  Canandaigua,  95  W. 
from  Utica,  192  W.  from  Albany,  345  from  W. 
The  lake  is  here  3  miles  wide.  It  is  one  of 
the  neatest  villages  in  the  state.  The  neigh 
borhood  has  a  varied  and  pleasant  scenery, 
with  many  elegant  country-seats.  The  vil 
lage  contains  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  col 
lege.  The  college  was  founded  in  1823.  It 
has  9  instructors,  and  a  library  of  1,500  vols. 
Commencement  is  on  the  first  Wednesday  in 
August.  It  has  3  vacations :  1st,  from  com 
mencement,  5  weeks ;  2d,  at  Christmas  and 
New  Year,  2  weeks  ;  3d,  three  w«eks  in 
April. 

GENEVA,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake 
Erie  ;  10  m.  NW.  from  Jefferson.  Pop.  315. 

GENOA,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  Cayuga 
Lake ;  25  m.  S.  from  Auburn,  180  W.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  2,585.  It  has  5  houses  of  pub 
lic  worship. 

GENOA,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio.   Pop.  2,768. 

GEORGE,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  the  SE. 
side  of  the  Monongahela,  at  the  mouth  of 
George  creek,  16  m.  SW.  from  Union.  It  5s 
a  place  of  considerable  trade. 

GEORGE  LAKE,  a  beautiful  lake,  36  m. 
long,  and  about  2  broad,  between  Washington 
and  Warren  counties,  N.  Y.  It  communicates 
with  Lake  Champlain,  by  an  outlet  3  miles 
long,  in  which  distance  the  water  descends 
nearly  100  feet  The  lake  is  surrounded  by 
high  mountains,  and  is  much  celebrated  for 
the  romantic  beauty  of  its  scenery.  There  are 
numerous  small  islands  in  the  lake,  on  some 
of  which  are  found  crystals  of  quartz,  of  un 
common  transparency  and  perfection  of  form. 
This  lake  was  conspicuous  in  tire  wars  of  thin 
country,  and  several  memorable  battles  were 
fought  on  its  borders. 

GEORGE,  t  Fayette  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,086. 

GEORGE  CREEK,  r.  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Potomac,  12  m.  SW.  from  Fort 
Cumberland. 

GEORGETOWN,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  the 
Kennebeck ;  15  m.  SW.  from  Wiscasset,  160 
NE.  from  Boston,  621  from  W.  Pop.  1,258. 

GEORGETOWN,  t  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 
Pop.  1,094. 


276 


GEO-GIB 


GEORGETOWN,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa. ;  44  m. 
below  Pittsburg,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Ohio. 
This  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  is  a  place  of 
considerable  trade. 

GEORGETOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Sussex  co. 
Delaware ;  16  m.  WSW.  from  Lewistown,  103 
S.  from  Philadelphia,  108  from  W.  It  con 
tains  an  academy  and  a  bank. 

GEORGETOWN,  t.  and  port  of  entry, 
Washington  co.  and  District  of  Columbia,  on 
NE.  bank  of  the  Potomac,  about  200  m.  from 
its  mouth,  and  300  from  the  capes  of  Virginia, 
3  m.  W.  of  the  Capitol  in  Washington.  It  is 
separated  from  Washington  by  Rock  creek, 
yet  from  its  proximity  it  appears  to  the  eye  to 
make  a  part  of  the  city.  The  situation  is  very 
pleasant,  commanding  a  beautiful  view  of  the 
river,  the  city  of  Washington,  and  the  sur 
rounding  country.  The  houses  are  principally 
built  of  brick,  and  many  of  them  are  elegant. 
On  the  hills  near  the  town  there  are  several 
elegant  country-seats.  The  situation  is  very 
healthy,  and  the  water  excellent.  It  is  a  flour 
ishing  town,  and  a  place  of  considerable  trade. 
Pop.  8,441.  A  canal  from  the  Potomac  to  the 
Ohio  begins  at  this  place.  Georgetown  Col 
lege,  situated  here,  is  a  Catholic  institution, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Incorporated  Catho 
lic  Clergy  of  Maryland.  It  was  first  incor 
porated  in  1799.  It  has  two  spacious  edifices, 
and  a  library  containing  7,000  volumes.  The 
number  of  students  ranges  from  140  to  175. 
Here  is  likewise  a  large  nunnery,  called  the. 
Convent  of  Visitation.  It  was  founded  by  the 
late  most  Rev.  Archbishop  Neale,  in  1798. 
The  number  of  nuns  varies  from  50  to  70. 
Attached  to  this  institution  is  a  large  and 
flourishing  Female  Academy.  The  boarding 
school  contains  100  young  ladies,  under  the 
instruction  of  the  nuns. 

GEORGETOWN,  v.  Kent  co.  Md.  on  the 
Sassafras  river,  65  m.  SW.  from  Philadelphia. 

GEORGETOWN,  district  of  S.  C. ;  bound- 
ed  by  the  Atlantic  ocean  SE.  by  Santee  river 
or  Charleston  SW.  by  Williamsburg  NW.  and 
by  Marion  and  Horry  NE.  Length  36  m. 
mean  width  25.  Chief  town,  Georgetown. 
Pop.  1820,  17,603 ;  in  1830,  19,943. 

GEORGETOWN,  v.  seaport,  and  seat  of 
justice,  Georgetown  district,  S.  C.  near  the 
head  of  Winyan  Bay,  60  m.  NE.  from  Charles 
ton.  Lat  33°21'N.  Pop.  about  2,000.  Ves 
sels  drawing  11  feet  water  pass  up  to  the  town 
It  has  a  fine  back  country,  watered  by  the 
Great  Pedee.  It  contains  several  places  of 
public  worship,  a  bank,  and  the  ordinary  build 
ings  necessary  for  a  county  town. 

GEORGETOWN,  v.  Warren  co.  Geo.  on 
the  left  side  of  Ogeechee  river,  €0  m.  from 
Savannah,  and  35  above  Louisville. 

GEORGETOWN,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Scott  co.  Ken.  on  the  left  bank  of  North  Elk- 
horn  creek,  15  m.  E.  from  Frankfort.  It  con 
tains  a  court-house,  bank,  printing-office,  and 
several  places  of  public  worship.  Lat.  38°  14' 
N. ;  Ion.  7°  28'  W.  from  W.  Pop.  1,344. 

GEORGETOWN,  v.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  6 
m.  SE.  from  Cadiz. 

GEORGETOWN,  v.  Dearborn  co.  In. 


GEORGETOWN  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Kent 
co.  Md. ;  1  m.  S.  from  Georgetown,  D.  C. 

GEORGETOWN  ENTRANCE,  the  mouth 
of  the  Great  Pedee  river,  on  the  coast  of  South 
Carolina. 

GERMAN,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. ;  15  m. 
W.  from  Norwich,  115  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
884. 

GERMAN,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,900. 

GERMAN,  t.  Clarke  co.  Ohio. 

GERMAN,  t.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio. 

GERMAN,  t.  Cape  Girardeau  co.  Miso. 

GERMAN  FLATS,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  Mohawk  ;  5  m.  S.  from 
Herkimer,  75  W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,466. 
In  this  town  stood  Fort  Herkimer,  mentioned 
in  the  history  of  American  wars.  The  Ger 
man  Flats  are  an  extensive  tract  of  alluvial 
land,  on  both  sides  of  the  Mohawk,  in  this 
town  and  in  Herkimer.  Though  it  has  been 
cultivated  nearly  100  years,  it  has  lost  none 
of  its  fertility. 

GERMANNA,  v.  on  Rapid  Ann  river,  in 
the  NE.  angle  of  Orange  co.  Va. ;  72  m.  SW. 
from  W.  and  81  N.  from  Richmond. 

GERMANTOWN,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. 
on  Hudson  river,  12  m.  below  Hudson.  Pop. 
967. 

GERMANTOWN,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa, ; 
6  m.  N.  from  Philadelphia.  Pop.  4,642.  It 
contains  4  churches,  1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for 
German  Calvinists,  1  for  Lutherans,  and  1  for 
Friends.  The  houses  are  chiefly  of  stone, 
some  of  them  large  and  elegant,  and  built 
principally  on  one  street,  about  2  m.  in  length. 
The  inhabitants  are  mostly  Germans  and 
Dutch.  Here  is  the  principal  congregation  of 
the  Menonists.  The  battle  of  Germantown 
was  fought  here  on  the  4th  of  October,  1777. 
In  this  village  is  situated  Mount  Airy  College, 
an  institution  justly  celebrated.  The  rail-road 
from  Philadelphia  to  Norristown  passes  through 
this  place. 

GERMANTOWN,  t.  Hyde  co.  N.  C.  on 
a  bay  in  Pamlico  Sound ;  108  m.  from  Ra 
leigh. 

GERMANTOWN,  t.  Stokes  co.  N.  C.  on 
the  Town  Fork  of  the  Dan.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  jail,  and  about  40  houses. 

GERMANTOWN,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio, 
13  m.  S.  from  Dayton. 

GERMANY,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,272. 

GERRY,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  York.  Pop 
1,110. 

GETTYSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Adams  eo. 
Pa.  on  Rock  creek,  one  of  the  sources  of  the 
Monocasy,  36  m.  from  Williamsport,  Md.  52 
from  Baltimore,  118  W.  from  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  1,473.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jail, 
bank,  and  printing-office,  from  which  a  news 
paper  is  issued. 

GHENT,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.   Pop.  2,790. 

GHENT,  t.  Gallatin  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio, 
opposite  Vevay. 

GIANT  OF  THE  VALLEY,  mt.  Eliza- 
bethtown,  N.  York,  1,200  feet  high. 

GIBBONSVILLE,  v.  in  Watervliet,  N.  Y 
Here  is  a  U.  S.  arsenal. 

GIBSON,  t.  Clearfield  co.  Pa.     Pop.  300. 


GIB— GOL 


277 


GIBSON,  t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,000. 

GIBSON,  co.  in  the  SW.  part  of  Indiana. 
Pop.  5,417.  Chief  town,  Princeton. 

GIBSON,  co.  in  the  western  part  of  Ten. 
Pop.  5,801.  Chief  town,  Trenton. 

GIBSONPORT,  t.  and  cap.  Claiborne  co. 
Mississippi,  on  Pierre  bayou,  30  m.  above  its 
entrance  into  the  Mississippi,  45  m.  from 
Natchez,  1,154  from  W. 

GIBSON  CREEK,  runs  into  the  N.  side 
of  the  Missouri,  in  Ion.  106°  30'  W. ;  lat. 
47°  N. 

GILEAD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me. ;  30  m.  WN W 
from  Paris.  Pop.  377. 

GILES,  co.  W.  part  of  Va.;  bounded  NE. 
by  Greenbrier  and  Monroe  cos.  SE.  by  Mont 
gomery  co.  SW.  by  Tazewell  co.  and  NW.  by 
Kenhawa  co.  Pop.  5,298,  of  whom  470  are 
slaves. 

GILES,  co.  on  N.  side  of  West  Tennessee. 
Pop.  18,920.  Chief  town,  Pulaski. 

GILFORD,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  SW.  side 
of  Lake  Winnipiseogee ;  28  m.  NNE.  from 
Concord,  55  N  W.  from  Portsmouth.  This  town 
was  formed  from  the  N.  part  of  Gilmanton. 
It  is  connected  with  Meredith  by  a  bridge,  at 
which  there  is  a  considerable  village.  Pop. 
1,872. 

GILL,  t  Franklin  co.  Mass,  on  W.  side  of 
the  Connecticut ;  3  m.  ENE.  from  Greenfield 
Pop.  864 

GILLORI,  island  near  the  coast  of  Missis 
sippi,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mobile,  near  Dau 
phin's  Island. 

GILMANTON,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H. ;  19 
m.  NNE.  from  Concord,  50  NW.  from  Ports 
mouth,  523  from  W.  Pop.  3,816.  It  con 
tains  a  court-house,  a  number  of '  respectable 
manufacturing  establishments,  an  academy, 
and  several  houses  of  public  worship.  The 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  the  county  is  held 
alternately  at  Gilmanton  and  Rochester,  and 
the  Superior  Court  at  Dover. 

GILMANTON,  Lower,  v.  in  the  township 
of  Gilmanton, 

GILSUM,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.;  6  m.  N 
from  Keene.  Pop.  642. 

GLASGOW,  t.  and  cap.  Barren  co.  Ken. : 
61  m.  ENE.  from  Russellville,  148  SW.  from 
Lexington,  66  from  W.  Pop.  617.  It  is  a 
flourishing  town,  situated  in  a  fertile  country 
and  contains  the  county  buildings  and  a  bank 

GLASGOW,  New,  t.  Amherst  co.  Va. 
about  20  N,  by  E.  from  Lynchburg. 

GLASSBOROUGH,v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 
20  m.  SE.  from  Philadelphia,    Here  is  a  con 
siderable  glass  manufactory, 

GLASTENBURY,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt 
11  m.  NE.  from  Bennington.  Pop.  52. 

GLASTENBURY,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on 
E.  side  of  the  Connecticut,  opposite  Wethers- 
field;  6  m.  SSE.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  2,980, 
It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  contains  an  academy 

GLENNS,  v.  Gloucester  co.  Va. ;  159  m, 
from  W. 

GLENVILLE,  v.  in  Queensbury,  Washing 
ton  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson  at  Glenn's  Falls 


3  m.  W.  from  Sandy  Hill.  A  weekly  news- 
paper  is  published  here.  Glenn's  Falls  present 
a  beautiful  and  picturesque  scenery.  The  de 
scent  is  28  feet  in  3  rods.  Here  is  a  bridge 
across  the  river. 

GLESE,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the  Mis 
sissippi. 

GLOUCESTER,  t.  and  s-p.  Essex  co.  Mass, 
on  Cape  Ann,  at  N.  extremity  of  Massachu 
setts  Bay;  16  m.  NE.  from  Salem,  30  NE. 
from  Boston,  469  from  W.  Pop.  7,513.  It 
contains  a  bank,  an  insurance  office,  and  2 
public  libraries,  the  largest  of  which  contains 
about  700  volumes.  It  is  divided  into  five 
parishes,  in  each  of  which  is  a  Congregational 
meeting-house.  The  harbor  is  very  open  and 
accessible  for  large  ships,  and  it  is  one  of  the 
most  considerable  fishing  towns  in  the  state. 
The  harbor  is  defended  by  a  battery. 

GLOUCESTER,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  in 
the  NW.  corner  of  the  state,  having  Massa 
chusetts  on  the  N.  and  Connecticut  on  the  W 
Pop.  2,524. 

GLOUCESTER,  small  village,  Gloucester 
co.  N.  J.  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  river  Delaware, 
3  m.  below  Philadelphia.  Pop.  2,159. 

GLOUCESTER,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  SE.  Cape  May,  Cumberland, 
and  Salem  cos.  SW.  Delaware  r.  NW.  and  by 
Burlington  co.  NE. ;  length  40  m.  breadth  20. 
Chief  towns,  Woodbury,  Gloucester,  and  Cam- 
den.  Pop.  28,431. 

GLOUCESTER,  co.  Va.  bounded  E.  by 
Mock  Jack  Bay,  SE.  and  SW.  by  York  river, 
NW.  by  King  and  Queen,  and  NE.  by  Mid 
dlesex  and  Matthews ;  length  20,  mean  width 
16  m.  Chief  town,  Gloucester.  Pop.  10,608, 
of  whom  5,691  are  slaves. 

GLOUCESTER,  C.  H.  Gloucester  co.  Va. 
80  m.  E.  from  Richmond. 

GLOUCESTER  FORT,  or  Point  au  Pins, 
U.  C.  the  first  point  on  the  north  shore  in  the 
narrows  leading  from  Lake  Superior  towards 
the  falls  of  St.  Mary. 

GLOUCESTER  TOWNSHIP,  U.C.  in  the 
county  of  Dundas ;  it  lies  eastward  of  and  ad 
joining  the  river  Radeau. 

GLOUCESTER  FACTORY,  establish 
ment  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  on  a 
branch  of  Albany  river.  Lat.  51°  30'  N. 

GLOVER,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  35  m.  NNE. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  902. 

GLOYDSBOROUGH,  v.  Hampshire  co.  Va. 

GLYNN,  co.  Geo.  bounded  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  on  the  SE.  Camden  co.  or  Little  St.  Ilia 
river  SW.  Wayne  co.  NW.  and  Alatamaha 
river  NE. ;  length  20  m.  width  20.  Chief  town, 
Brunswick.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,418;  in  1830, 
4,467. 

GNADENHUTTEN,  t.  Tuscarawas  co. 
Ohio,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Muskingum,  11  m. 
S.  from  New  Philadelphia. 

GOFFSTOWN,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Merrimack,  at  Amos- 
keag  falls,  where  is  a  bridge  across  the  river, 
15  m.  S.  from  Concord,  13  NNE.  from  Am- 
herst.  Pop.  2,213. 

GOLCONDA,  t.  Pope  co.  II.  on  the  Ohio, 


278 


GOT,— GRA 


GOLDSBOROUGII,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
40  m.  E.  from  Castine,  188  NE.  from  Portland. 
Lat.  44°  19'  N.  Pop.  880. 

GOOCHLAND,  co.  Va.  in  the  central  part 
of  the  state.  Pop.  10,348,  of  whom  5,706  are 
slaves, 

GOOSEBERRY  ISLAND,  and  Rocks,  off 
Cape  Ann,  Mass. 

GORDONSVILLE,  v.  Smith  co.  Ten.  6  m. 
from  Carthage,  and  56  NNE.  from  Murfrees- 
borough. 

GORDONSVILLE,  v.  Orange  ca  Va.  2  m. 
from  which  is  Springhill  academy,  a  very  re 
spectable  institution. 

GORHAM,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  9  m. 
NW.  from  Portland.  It  contains  an  academy 
and  two  churches,  round  which  is  a  consider 
able  village.  Pop.  2,988. 

GORHAM,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  E. 
from  Canandaigua,  10  W.  from  Geneva.  It  con 
tains  2  churches,  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for 
Presbyterians.  Pop.  2,977. 

GOSFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  U.  C.  on  Lake 
Erie,  W.  from  Mersea. 

GOSHEN,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  31  m.  SW. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  555. 

GOSHEN,  t  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  12  m. 
NW.  from  Northampton,  112  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  G06. 

GOSHEN,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  on  the  Green 
Mountain  range,  6  m.  NW.  from  Litchfield, 
32  W.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  1,732.  It  is  famous 
for  its  cheese. 

GOSHEN,  t.  and  half-shire,  Orange  co.  N.Y. 
20  m.  W.  from  Westpoint,  63  N.  from  New 
York.  Pw.  3,361.  The  village  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  contains  the  court-house,  jail, 
bank,  academy,  and  2  or  3  printing-offices. 

GOSHEN,  v.  Cape  May  co.  N.  J.  104  m.  S. 
from  Trenton. 

GOSHEN,  West,  t.  of  Chester  co.  Pa.  about 
5  m.  E.  from  Downingtown,  on  the  creek  cf 
Brandy  wine  and  head  of  Chester  creek.  Pop. 
1,600,  including  the  borough  of  West  Chester. 
Chief  town,  West  Chester. 

GOSHEN,  v.  London  co.  Va.  on  the  road 
from  Washington  to  Winchester,  35  m.  from 
Washington. 

GOSHEN,  v.  Lincoln  co.  Geo.  about  40  m. 
above  Augusta. 

GOSHEN,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  18  m.  NW. 
from  Williamsburg. 

GOSHEN,  t.  of  St  Clair  co.  Illinois. 

GOSHEN  MILLS,  v.  on  Seneca  creek, 
Montgomery  co.  Md.  by  postroad  32  m.  NW. 
from  W. 


2  crescent  batteries,  with  heavy  guns,  is  on 
this  island. 

GRAFTON,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  30  m.  NW. 
from  Concord.  Pop.  1,207. 

GRAFTON,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  22  m.  S. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,439. 

GRAFTON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  8  m. 
SE.  from  Worcester.  Pop.  1,889. 

GRAFTON,  co.  W.  part  of  N.  H.  bounded 
NE.  by  Coos  co.  E.  by  Strafford  co.  S.  by  Hills- 
borough  and  Cheshire  cos.  and  W.  by  Vermont. 
Pop.  in  1820,  32,989 ;  in  1830,  38,691.  Chief 
towns,  Haverhill  and  Plymouth. 

GRAFTON,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  11  m. 
E.  from  Troy.  Pop.  1,681. 

GRAINGER,  co.  Ten.  between  Clinch  and 
Jefferson  SE. 
and  Hawkins 


Holston   rivers ;    bounded    by 
Knox    SW.   Claiborne    NW. 


GOSPORT,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Va.  on  Elizabeth  1 3,69  6. 


NE. ;  length  30  m.  mean  width  12 ;  area  360 
sq.  ms.  Surface  hilly,  and  soil  sterile,  except 
along  the  margin  of  the  streams.  Chief  town, 
Rutledge.  Lat.  36°  15'  N.;  Ion.  from  W.  6° 
40' W 

GRANADA,  island  in  the  West  Indies,  the 
principal  of  the  Grenadines ;  situated  in  Ion. 
from  W.  5°  40'  E.  and  between  11°  55'  and 
12°  23'  N.  lat.  It  is  the  last  of  the  Windward 
Caribbees,  and  30  leagues  NW.  of  Tobago. 
The  chief  port,  called  Lewis,  is  on  the  W.  side, 
in  the  middle  of  a  large  bay,  with  a  sandy 
bottom,  and  is  very  spacious. 

GRANADA,  t.  of  N.  America,  in  the  prov 
ince  of  Nicaragua,  seated  on  the  Lake  Nicara 
gua.  The  inhabitants  carry  on  a  great  trade 
by  means  of  the  lake,  which  communicates 
w'ith  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is  54  m.  SE.  of 
Leon.  Lon.  from  W.  8°  46'  W.;  lat.  12°  5'  N. 

GRANBY,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  60  m.  NE.  from 
Montpelier.  Pop.  97. 

GRANBY,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  9  m. 
ESE.  from  Northampton,  90  W.  from  Boston. 
In  this  town  and  South  Hadley  there  are  ex 
tensive  open  plains  and  fields,  on  which  are 
annually  raised  for  market  large  quantities  of 
rye.  Pop.  1,064. 

GRANBY,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  17  m.  NW 
from  Hartford.  Pop.  2,730. 

GRANBY,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.   Pop.  1,423. 

GRANBY,  t.  Lexington  district,  S.  C.  on 
the  Congaree,  opposite  Columbia. 

GRAND  ISLE,  isl.  N.  Y.  in  the  Niagara, 
4  m.  above  the  falls.  It  contains  48,000  acres. 
It  belongs  to  the  town  of  Buffalo. 

GRAND  ISLE,  co.  NW.  part  of  Vt.  It  is 
composed  of  islands  in  Lake  Champlain.*  the 
largest  are  North  and  South  Hero.  Pop.. 


river,  1£  m.  S.  from  Norfolk.  Here  is  one  of 
the  United  States'  navy  yards. 

GOUVERNEUR,  t.  SL  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
20  m.  S.  from  Ogdensburg,  192  NW.  from  Al 
bany.  Pop.  1,552. 

GOVERNADOR,  r.  Florida,  runs  into  Pen- 
eacola  Bay. 

GOVERNOR'S  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Boston 
harbor,  Mass.  2  m.  E.  from  Boston.  It  contains 
about  70  acres,  and  has  a  pleasant  and  com 
manding  situation.  Fort  Warren,  whrch  has 


GRAND  LAKE,  or  Chilnucook  Lake,  on 
E.  side  of  Maine,  at  the  sources  of  the  St 
Croix. 

GRAND  PRE,  Seigniory,  St.  Maurice  co. 
L.  C.  on  Lake  St.  Peter,  18  m.  W.  from  Three 
rivers. 

GRAND  RIVER,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Trum- 
bull  co.  and  flowing  about  10  m.  nearly  N. 
enters  Ashtabula  co.  and  continuing  N.  about 
20  m.  turns  nearly  at  right  angles  and  enters 
Geauga  co.  in  which  it  falls  into  Lake  Erie  at 


GRA— GRE 


279 


Fairport,  after  an  entire  comparative  course  of 
50  m.  See  Painsville  and  Fairport. 

GRAND  RIVER,  or  Nipigon  River,  U.  C. 
falls  into  Lake  Superior  from  the  N.  a  little  E. 
opposite  Keweena  point 

GRANT,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Owen  S.  Gal- 
latin  W.  Boone  N.  and  Pendleton  E.;  length 
20  m.  mean  width  13.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,805 ; 
in  1830,  2,987.  Chief  town,  Williamstown. 

GRANVILLE,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  14  m. 
WSW.  from  Springfield.  Pop.  1,652. 

GRANVILLE,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  12 
m.  SE.  from  Whitehall,  60  NE.  from  Al 
bany.  It  contains  3  villages,  an  academy,  and 
5  churches.  It  is  watered  by  Pawlet  and  In 
dian  rivers,  on  which  are  many  mills.  In  this 
town  is  a  quarry  of  good  marble.  Pop.  3,882. 

GRANVILLE,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  N.  by 
Va.  E.  by  Warren  and  Franklin  cos.  S.  by 
Wake,  and  W.  by  Orange  and  Person  ;  length 
30  m.  mean  width  23.  Chief  town  Oxford.  Pop. 
in  1820,  18,216 ;  in  1830,  19,343. 

GRANVILLE,  v.  Monongahela  co.  Va.329 
m.  NW.  from  W. 

GRANVILLE,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio,  27  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus,  32  W.  from  Zanesville. 
It  has  a  bank. 

GRASS,  r.  N.  Y.  runs  into  the  St.  Law 
rence,  opposite  St.  Regis  island,  after  a  course 
of  125  m.  In  Canton  it  is  connected  by  a 
natural  canal  with  the  Oswegatchie. 

GRATIS,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio. 

GRATISTOWN,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa. 

GRAVESEND,  t.  Kings  co.  Long-Island, 
N.  Y,  on  the  sea-coast,  4  m.  S.  from  Flatbush, 
9J  S.  from  New- York.  Gravesend  beach  is  a 
frequent  resort  for  parties  of  pleasure  from  the 
city.  Pop.  565. 

GRAY,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  20  m.  N.  from 
Portland.  Pop.  1,575. 

GRAYSON,  co.  Va.  bounded  SW.  by  N.  C. 
NW.  by  Washington  and  Wythe,  NE.  by 
Montgomery,  and  SE.  by  Patrick ;  length  70 
m.  mean  width  13. 

GRAYSON,  co.  Ken.  between  Green  river 
and  Rough  creek,  bounded  S.  by  Warren,  SW. 
by  Butler,  W.  by  Ohio  co.  N.  by  Breckenridge, 
NE.  by  Hardin,  and  E.  by  Hart ;  length  36 
m.  mean  width  16^. 

GREAT  BAY,  N.  H.  the  W.  branch  of  the 
Piscataqua ;  receives  Exeter  and  Lamprey 
rivers,  and  unites  with  the  main  branch  of  the 
Piscataqua  at  Hilton's  point,  5  m.  above  Ports- 
mouth. 

GREAT  BARRINGTON,  t.  Berkshire  co. 
Mass,  about  23  m.  W.  of  Springfield,  on  the 
river  Connecticut.  Pop.  2,276. 

GREAT  BEND,  t.  Susquehannah  co. 

GREAT  VALLEY,  t.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y. 


Pop.  647. 
GREAT 


WORKS,   r.  Penobscot  co.  Me. 


flows  into  the  E.  side  of  the  Penobscot,  2  m. 
below  the  great  falls. 

GREECE,  v.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  W.  from 
Genesee  river,  and  7  m.  NNW.  from  Rochester. 

GREEGVILLE,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va.  25  m. 
W.  from  W. 

GREEN,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

GREEN,  t,  Clark  co.  Ohio. 


GREEN,  t.  Franklin  co.  Penn.  on  both  sides 
of  the  road  from  Shippensburg  to  Chambers- 
burg.  Pop.  2,200. 

GREEN,  co.  of  Ohio,  bounded  by  Clinton 
and  Warren  S.  Montgqmery  W.  Clark  N. 
Madison  NE.  and  Fayette  E. ;  length  24  m. 
breadth  18.  Chief  town  Xenia.  Pop.  in  1820, 
10,529 ;  in  1830,  15,084. 

GREEN,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio. 

GREEN,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio. 

GREEN,  t  of  Gallia  co.  Ohio. 

GREEN,  t.  in  Harrison  co.  Ohio. 

GREEN,  t  of  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

GREEN,  t.  of  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  the  E.  side 
of  Scioto  river. 

GREEN,  t.  of  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river. 

GREEN,  v.  and  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio. 

GREENE,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  E.  by  Hud 
son  river,  S.  by  Ulster,  W.  by  Delaware,  NW. 
by  Schoharie,  and  N.  by  Albany ;  length  32 
m.  mean  width  30.  Chief  town  Catskill. 

GREENE,  t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine,  24  m. 
SW.  from  Augusta.  Pop.  1,324. 

GREEN  BAY,  or  Bay  Puan,  a  large  bay 
on  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Michigan.  It  extends 
from  the  N.  end  of  the  lake  90  miles,  in  a  SW. 
direction,  and  is  15  or  20  miles  wide.  Across 
its  entrance  is  a  chain  of  islands,  called  the 
Grand  Traverse,  which  shelters  the  bay  from 
the  winds  that  often  blow  with  violence  across 
the  lake.  Several  of  the  channels  between 
them  are  of  sufficient  depth  to  admit  vessels 
of  200  tons  burthen,  which  traverse  the  bay 
and  ascend  Fox  river  several  miles.  Green 
bay  abounds  with  fish,  particularly  sturgeons 
and  white  fish.  It  has  several  small  bays,  the 
principal  of  which  is  Sturgeon's  bay.  The 
principal  rivers  which  it  receives,  are  Fox  and 


Menominy. 
GREENBRIER, 


co.   of  Va.  bounded  by 


Nicholas,  E.  Monroe  SE.  Kenhawa  river,  or 
Giles  SW.  Kenhawa  NW.  and  Randolph  NE. 
length  50  in.  mean  width  24.  Chief  town, 
Lewisburg.  Pop.  in  1820,  7,040;  in  1830, 
9,015. 

GREENSBOROUGH,  t  Orleans  co.  Vt.  27 
m.  NNE.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  784. 

GREENSBOROUGH,  t  Caroline  co.  Md. 
on  the  W.  side  Choptank  creek,  7  m.  N.  from 
Danton,  22  SE.  from  Chester. 

GREENSBURG,  t.  and  bor.  Westmoreland 
co.  Pa.  on  a  branch  of  Sewicky  creek,  one  of 
the  sources  of  the  Youghiogeny,  30  m.  SE. 
by  E.  Pittsburg  75  from  Bedford.  Pop.  871.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  jail,  bank,  academy, 
and  a  German  Calvinist  church. 

GREENSBURG,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.  10  m. 
N.  from  Beavertown.  Pop.  1,291.  Here  is  an 
academy. 

GREENSBURG,  v.  West-Chester  co.  N.  Y. 
20  m.  N.  from  the  city  of  N.  Y. 

GREENSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Greene  co.  Ken. 
on  Green  river,  69  m.  W.  from  Lexington,  95 
E.  from  Russellville,  79  from  Frankfort,  and 
493  from  W.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jail, 
arid  bank.  Pop.  665. 

GREEN  BUSH,  v.  Windsor  co.  Ver.  68  m 
S.  from  Montpelier. 


280 


GRE— GRO 


GREEN  BUSH,  opposite  the  city  of  Albany, 
and  in  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  3,216. 

GREEN  CASTLE,  v.  Franklin  co.  Penn. 
11  m.  S.  of  Chambersburg,  and  the  same  dis 
tance  N.  of  Hagerstown,  Md.  Pop.  1,400. 

GREEN  CASTLE,  v.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  10 
m.  NW.  from  New  Lancaster,  and  11 SE.  from 
Columbus. 

GREEN  CASTLE,  v.  Putnam  co.  In.  46 
in.  W.  from  Indianapolis. 

GREEN  POINT,  cape,  Florida,  in  Pensa- 
cola  bay.  Lon.  87°  4'  W.;  lat.  30°  31'  N. 

GREEN  RIVER,  Ken.  rises  in  Lincoln  co. 
and  flowing  W.  joins  the  Ohio,  200  m.  below 
Louisville,  50  above  the  mouth  of  the  Cumber 
land.  It  is  200  yards  wide  at  its  mouth,  and 
is  navigable  for  boats  nearly  200  m. 

GREENUP,  NE.  co.  Ken.  bounded  N.  by 
Ohio,  E.  by  Big  Sandy  river,  S.  by  Lawrence, 
W.  by  Fleming,  and  NW.  by  Lewis ;  length 
43  m.  mean  width  14.  Pop.  5,853.  Chief 
town,  Greenupsburg. 

GREENUPSBURG,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Greenup  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio  river,  above  the 
mouth  of  Little  Sandy  river,  and  125  m.  NE. 
by  E.  from  Lexington.  Lat.  38°  37'  N. ;  Ion. 
from  W.  5°  48'  W. 

GREENVILLE,  t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Catskill  creek,  14  m.  NW.  from  Athens,  25  S. 
from  Albany.  Here  is  an  academy. 

GREENVILLE,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

GREENVILLE,  co.  Va.  bounded  by  N.  C. 
S.  Brunswick,  W.  Dinwiddie  NW.  Sussex 
NE.  and  Southampton  E.;  length  22,  width 
14m.  Chief  town,  Hicksford.  Pop.  1820,  6858; 
1830,  7,117. 

GREENVILLE,  v.  Augusta  co.  Va.  10  m. 
SSW.  from  Staunton,  and  136  m.  NW.  by  W. 
from  Richmond. 

GREENVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Pitt  co.  N.  C. 
on  the  S.  bank  of  Tar  river,  110  m.  from  Ocre- 
cock  inlet,  279  from  Washington.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  jail,  and  academy. 

GREENVILLE,  district,  in  the  NW.  part 
ofS.  C.  Pop.  16,476. 

GREENVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Greenville  co. 
S.  C.  on  Reedy  river,  110  m.  N.  from  Augusta, 
Geo.  110  from  Columbia.  The  air  is  cool 
and  healthful,  and  many  persons  from  the  low 
country  of  Carolina  and  Georgia  reside  here 
m  summer. 

GREENVILLE,  t.  Darlington  co.  S.  C.  on 
the  W.  side  of  Great  Pedee  river,  55  ENE. 
from  Camden,  90  NE.  from  Columbus. 

GREENVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Green  co.  Ten. 
on  the  head  waters  of  French  Broad  river,  26 
m.  W.  from  Jonesboro',  81  E.  from  Knoxville, 
273  from  Nashville,  454  from  W.  The  village 
contains  a  court-house,  jail,  printing-office, 
Presbyterian  meeting-house,  and  about  150 
dwelling-houses.  A  few  miles  S.  of  the  village 
is  Greenville  college,  a  flourishing  institution, 
incorporated  in  1794.  It  has  a  library  of  about 
4000  volumes.  Commencement  is  on  the  third 
Wednesday  of  Sept. 

GREENVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Muhlenburg 
co.  Ken.  35  m.  NNW.  from  Russellville,  180 
from  Lexington,  177  from  Frankfort,  and  715 
fromW  Pop.  219. 


GREENVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Jefferson,  Miss. 
21  m.  NE.  from  Natchez. 

GREENVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Dark  co.  Ohio, 
80  m.  N.  from  Cincinnati,  86  W.  from  Colum 
bus.  Lon.  84°  32'  W. ;  lat.  40°  2'  N.  In  Aug 
1795,  a  famous  treaty  was  held  here  by  general 
Wayne,  on  the  part  of  the  U.  S.  with  the  In 
dians. 

GREENVILLE,  co.  U.  C.  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  co.  of  Dundas,  on  the  S.  by  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  W.  by  Elizabeth- 
Town.  Greenville  comprehends  all  the  islands 
near  to  it  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  It  sends 
one  representative  to  the  provincial  parliament. 

GREENVILLE  CREEK,  tributary  of  the 
SW.  branch  of  Miami  river,  running  E.  past 
old  fort  Greenville.  One  mile  above  its  mouth 
and  17  below  Greenville,  it  has  a  perpendicu 
lar  fall  of  15  feet. 

GREENWICH,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  20 
m.  E.  from  Northampton,  75  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  813. 

GREENWICH,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  Long 
Island  Sound,  in  SW.  corner  of  the  state,  14 
m.  WSW.  from  Norwalk,  45  WSW.  from  New 
Haven.  Lat.  41°  1'  N.  Pop.  3,805. 

GREENWICH,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  8 
m.  W.  from  Salem,  37  N.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
3,850.  It  contains  2  houses  of  public  worship, 
1  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Baptists ;  an 
academy,  a  distillery,  and  extensive  cotton  and 
woollen  manufactories. 

GREENWICH,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  10 
m.  SW.  from  Bridgeton.  Pop.  900. 

GREENWICH,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
Delaware,  5  m.  NE.  from  Easton.  Pop.  2,710. 

GREENWICH,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  on 
E.  side  of  the  Delaware,  6  m.  S.  from  Phila 
delphia.  Pop.  3,000. 

GREENWICH,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,104. 

GREENWICH,  East,  t.  and  cap.  Kent  co. 
R.  I.  on  NW.  part  of  Narraganset  Bay,  16  m. 
S.  from  Providence,  22  NNW.  from  Newport. 
Pop.  1,591.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
an  academy,  and  2  houses  of  public  worship,  1 
for  Presbyterians,  and  1  for  Friends,  and  is  a 
place  of  some  trade. 

GREENWICH,  West,  t.  Kent  co.  R.  I.  on 
W.  side  of  East  Greenwich,  20  m.  SW.  from 
Providence.  Pop.  1,817. 

GREENWOOD,  t  Oxford  co.  Me.  Pop.  694. 

GREENWOOD,  t.  MifHin  co.  Pa.  W.  of  tho 
Susqsehannah.  Pop.  1,097. 

GREENWOOD,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Susquehannah.  Pop.  l,30d 

GREGSTOWN,  v.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
Millstone,  6  m.  NE.  from  Princeton. 

GRIERSBURG,  t  Beaver  co.  Pa.  Here  is 
an  academy. 

GRIMSBOYS,  t.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 

GRINDSTONE  FORD,  v.  Claiborne  co. 
Mis.  1,212  m.  from  W. 

GROS  ISLE,  island  of  the  territory  of  Mi 
chigan,  in  Detroit  river,  near  its  discharge 
into  Lake  Erie. 

GROTON,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  10  m.  S.  by 
W.  from  Danville,  20  E.  from  Montpelier. 
Pop.  836. 

GROTON,  t.  Tompkin»  co.  N.  Y. 


GRO— HAG 


281 


GROTON,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  9  m.  W. 
from  Plymouth.  Pop.  689.  Here  is  an  iron 
furnace  for  casting  hollow  ware. 

GROTON,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  10  m.  S. 
from  Amherst,  34  NW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,925.  This  is  a  very  pleasant  town,  has  an 
academy,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable  busi 
ness. 

GROTON,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  on  E.  side 
of  the  Thames,  opposite  New  London.  Pop. 
4,750.  Fort  Griswold,  which  defends  the  har 
bor  of  New  London,  is  in  this  town. 

GROVEHILL,  v.  Warren  co.  N.  C.  75  m. 
NNE.  from  Raleigh. 

GROVELAND,  v.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Genesee  river,  30  m.  SW  from  Canandaigua. 
Pop.  1,300. 

GUADALOUPE,  on  of  the  Leeward  Carib- 
bee  Islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  between  An 
tigua  and  Dominica,  in  Ion.  62°  W.  and  lat. 
16°  20'  N.  The  island,  which  is  of  an  irreg 
ular  figure,  may  be  about  80  leagues  in  cir 
cumference.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  a 
small  arm  of  the  sea,  which  is  not  above  two 
leagues,  and  from  15  to  40  fathoms  broad. 
This-  canal,  known  by  the  name  of  the  Salt 
River,  is  navigable,  but  will  only  carry  vessels 
of  50  tons  burden.  The  soil  is  exceedingly 
good,  and  well  watered  near  the  sea,  by  rivulets 
which  fall  from  the  mountains.  The  French 
settled  in  this  island  in  1632,  in  whose  posses 
sion  it  still  remains.  Bassaterre  is  the  capital. 

GUADALOUPE,  r.  of  the  republic  of  Mex 
ico,  in  Texas,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
after  a  course  of  about  200  m.  Its  mouth  is 
180  m.  W.  from  that  of  the  Sabine. 

GUANAXUATO,  state  of  the  republic  of 
Mexico,  bounded  by  Jalisco  W.  by  Xacatecas 
and  San  Luis  Potosi,  N.  by  Queretaro  E.  and 
by  Mechoacan  S. ;  length  and  breadth  nearly 
equal,  each  about  80  m. ;  area  6,255  sq.  ms. ; 
lying  between  20°  30'  and  21°  10'  N.  This 
state  is  situated  entirely  on  the  table-land,  and 
is  the  most  populous  region  of  the  republic. 
The  whole  state  is  supposed  to  be  above  5,000 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  mine  of 
Valenciana,  near  the  city  of  Guanaxuato,  is 
the  most  productive  ever  yet  discovered.  The 
products  of  the  state  are  considerable  in  objects 
of  agricultural  and  manufacturing  industry. 

GUANAXUATO,  capital  of  the  preceding 
state,  stands  170  m.  NW.  from  the  city  of 
Mexico.  Lon.  from  W.  23°  50'  W. ;  lat.  21°  N. 
Pop.  about  90,000. 

GUANHANI,  or  Cat  Island,  one  of  the  Ba 
hama  Islands,  the  first  land  of  America  discov 
ered  by  Columbus,  in  1492,  and  named  by  him 
St.  Salvador.  Lat,  24°  20'  N. 

GUATEMALA,  or  Central  America.  See 
page  161. 

GUATEMALA,  city,  the  capital  of  the 
above  republic,  stands  on  a  little  stream  called 
the  Yacas,  flowing  into  the  Pacific.  It  is  in 
lat.  14°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  91°  25'  W.  It  is  hand 
somely  built,  with  regular  streets  and  many 
elegant  public  buildings.  It  was  greatly  dam 
aged  in  1830  by  an  earthquake.  Previous  to 
that  event  it  contained  40,000  inhabitants. 
2L 


GUILDERLAND,  t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y 
WNW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,742. 

GUILDHALL,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Essex 
co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut  river,  opposite  Lancas 
ter.  Pop.  481.  It  is  78  m.  from  Montpelier. 
and  564  from  W. 

GUILFORD,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  145  m. 
NE.  from  Portland.  Pop.  655. 

GUILFORD,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  Win- 
nipiseogee  river,  38  m.  N.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  1,872. 

GUILFORD,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  50  m.  S. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,760. 

GUILFORD,  t.  New  Haven  eo.  a.  18  m. 
E.  by  S.  from  New  Haven,  on  Long  Island 
Sound.  Pop.  2,344. 

GUILFORD,  v.  between  Unadilla,  and  Che- 
nango  rivers,  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  SSE. 
from  Norwich. 

GUILFORD,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Ran 
dolph  S.  Rowan  and  Stokes  W.  Rockinghain 
N.  and  Orange  E.  Length  26  m.  width  25. 
Chief  town,  Martinsville.  Pop.  18,735. 

GUILFORD,  C.  H.  Guilford  co.  N.  C.  48  in. 
NW.  from  Hillsborough ;  the  scene  of  a  hard 
fought  battle  between  the  Americans  under 
Gen.  Greene,  and  the  British  under  Lord  Corn- 
wallis,  March  15th,  1781. 

GUILFORD  VILLAGE,  v.  Strafford  co. 
N.  H.  31  m.  a  little  E.  of  N.  from  Concord. 

GULL  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  coast 
of  N.  C.  in  Pamlico  Sound. 

GULL  ISLES,  Great  and  Little,  two  small 
islands  on  the  coast  of  Connecticut,  8  in.  S. 
from  New  London. 

GUM  SPRINGS,  v.  Orange  co.  Va. 

GUNPOWDER,  v.  Baltimore  co.  Md.  50 
m.  from  W. 

GUNPOWDER-NECK,  peninsula,  Hart, 
ford  co.  Md.  formed  by  Gunpowder  and  Bush 
rivers. 

GUNPOWDER  RIVER,  r.  Md.  runs  into 
the  Chesapeake,  11  m.  N.  of  the  Patapsco. 

GUYANDOT,  or  Guyandotte,  t.  Cabell  co. 
Va.  423  m.  from  W. 

GUYANDOT,  Big,  r.  Va.  which  runs  NW. 
into  the  Ohio,  327  m.  below  Pittsburg.  It  is 
navigable  for  canoes  60  m. 

GUYANDOT,  Little,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio. 

GUYANDOT,  Indian,  r.  Gallia  co.  Ohio, 
which  runs  into  the  Ohio,  nearly  opposite  to 
Big  Guyandot,  in  Virginia. 

GWINNETT,  co.  Geo.  Pop.  12,220.  Law- 
renceville  is  the  capital. 

GWIN'S  ISLAND,  small  island  m  GICBO. 
peakeBay.  Lat.  37°  30' N. 

H. 

HAANE-KRAI-KILL,  small  r.  N.  Y.  which 
joins  the  Hudson  on  W.  side  at  New  Baltimore 
landing. 

HABERSHAM,  co.  Geo.  Pop.  10,648.  Chief 
town,  Clarksville. 

HABOLICHETTO,  v.  Hancock  co.  Miso. 

HACKETSTOWN,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  Musconecunk ;  22  m.  W.  from  Morristown. 

HACKINSACK,  r.  N.  J,  which  rise*  m 


282 


HAC— HAL 


New- York,  and  running  a  southerly  course 
4  or  5  miles  from  the  Hudson,  mingles  with 
the  Passaic  in  Newark  bay.  It  is  navigable 
15m. 

HACKINSACK,  t.  and  cap.  Bergen  co. 
N.  J.  on  the  Hackinsack  •  20  m.  NW.  from 
New  York,  229  from  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  2  houses  of  public  worship,  and  an 
academy.  The  houses  are  mostly  of  stone. 

HADDAM,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Connecticut ;  10  m.  SE.  from  Mid- 
dletown.  Pop.  2,830.  It  is  a  pleasant  and 
considerable  town. 

HADDAM  (East)  t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  on 
E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut,  opposite  Haddam; 
14  m.  SE.  from  Middletown.  Pop.  2,763. 

HADDONFIELD,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N,  J. ; 
6  m.  E.  from  Philadelphia. 

HADDENSVILLE,  v.  Goochland  co.  Va,; 
W.  140. 

HADLEY,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass,  on  E. 
side  of  the  Connecticut ;  3  m.  NE.  from  North 
ampton,  92  W.  from  Boston.  It  is  connected 
with  Northampton  by  a  bridge  upwards  of  1000 
feet  long.  A  bridge  also  connects  the  north 
part  of  the  town  with  Hatfield,  This  town  is 
noted  for  the  culture  of  broom-corn,  the  annual 
sales  of  which,  when  manufactured,  exceed 
20,000  dollars.  Hopkins  Academy,  in  this 
town,  is  a  flourishing  seminary.  It  has  a  prin 
cipal,  an  assistant,  and  upwards  of  100  stu 
dents.  Pop.  1,886, 

HADLEY,  (South)  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass, 
on  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut ;  5  m.  SE.  from 
Northampton,  90  m.  W.  from  Boston.  About 
a  mile  south  of  the  meeting-house  there  is  a 
medicinal  spring  considerably  resorted  to. 
Here  is  a  fall  in  the  river  of  about  50  feet, 
which  is  overcome  by  a  darn,  1100  feet  long, 
and  4J  feet  high,  and  by  a  canal  712  rods  long, 
with  5  locks.  About  one-third  of  the  whole 
length  of  the  canal  is  cut  through  a  solid  rock 
10  feet  deep,  and  near  the  locks  more  than  40 
feet  deep  for  300  feet  in  length.  Pop.  1,185 

HADLEY,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side 
of  the  Hudson ;  17  m.  N.  from  Ballston  Spa. 
Pop.  829. 

HAGARSTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Washington 
co.  Md.  on  Antietam  creek,  26  m.  NW.  from 
Fredericktown,  71  NN W.  from  Baltimore,  from 
W.  63.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  market-house,  a  bank, 
and  several  houses  of  public  worship.  A  great 
part  of  the  houses  are  built  of  brick  and  stone. 
It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  tract  of  country,  and 
has  considerable  trade.  There  are  a  number 
jf  mills  in  the  vicinity,  on  Antietam  creek. 
Pop.  3,171. 

HAGUE,  v.  Westmoreland  co.  Va.  80  m. 
SE.  from  W. 

HAGUE,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side 
of  Lake  George ;  22  m.  NE.  from  Caldwell. 
Pop.  721.  This  town  is  noted  for  a  remarka 
ble  knob,  called  Rogers'  Rock,  which  rises  from 
the  water's  edge  to  the  height  of  300  feet. 

HAINA,  r.  St.  Domingo,  which  runs  north, 
and  falls  into  Haina  bay,  3  2  in.  W.  of  the  city 
of  St.  Domingo. 


HALEY'S  BRIDGE,  v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

HALESFORD,  v.  Franklin  co.  Va.  150  m. 
SW  by  W.  from  Richmond. 

HALEYSBURG,  v.  Lunensburg  co.  Va. 

HALDIMAND,  co.  of  U.  C.  on  Lake  On 
tario. 

HALDIMAND,  co.  Niagara  district,  Up- 
per  Canada. 

HALDIMAND,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Up 
per  Canada,  on  Lake  Ontario. 

KALE'S  KEY,  island  in  the  gulf  of  Mexi. 
co,  near  the  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  82°  5'  W. ; 
lat.  28°  4' N. 

HALIFAX,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  50  m.  S. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,562. 

HALIFAX,  t  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  13  m. 
NW.  from  Plymouth,  35  SE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  709. 

HALIFAX,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  the  E, 
side  of  the  Susquehannah,  13  m.  N.  from  Har- 
risburg.  Pop.]T772. 

HALIFAX  co.  Va.  Pop.  28,032.  Chief 
town.  Bannister. 

HALIFAX,  co.  N,C.  Pop.  17,738.  Chief 
town,  Halifax. 

HALIFAX,  t.  and  cap.  Halifax  co.  N.  C.  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Ro- 
anoke,  7  m.  below  the  Great  Falls,  and  70  by 
land  from  the  mouth  of  the  river;  36  m.  N, 
from  Tarborough,  72  m.  S.  by  W.  from  Peters, 
burg.  Lat.  36°  13'  N.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
and  contains  a  court-house  and  jail.  The  river 
is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels  of  con» 
siderable  burthen,  A  canal  around  the  falls 
of  the  Roanoke  opens  the  navigation  for  ba 
teaux,  for  more  than  130  miles  above  the  town. 

HALIFAX,  r.  Florida,  flows  S.  about  30  m. 
and  empties  itself  into  Musquito  inlet. 

HALIFAX,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower 
Canada,  45  m.  SE.  from  Three  Rivers. 

HALIFAX,  the  capital  of  Nova-Scotia,  is 
in  Halifax  co.  on  a  spacious  bayT  or  harbor, 
called  Chebuctoo,  which  is  open  at  all  seasons 
of  the  year,  is  of  a  bold  and  easy  entrance,  and 
will  admit  1,000  of  the  largest  ships  to  ride  in 
safety.  The  entrance  is  completely  defended 
by  Fort  George.  The  town  stands  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  harbor.  Lon.  63°  35'  W. ;  lat.  44° 
44' N.  Pop.  15,000. 

HALL,  co.  Geo.  Pop.  11,755.  Gainesville 
is  the  county  town. 

HALL'S  KEY,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  39°  10'  W.  lat.  16°  10'  N. 

HALF  MOON,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  tho 
Hudson  above  Waterford.  Pop.  2,042. 

HALF-WAY  HOUSE,  v.  York  co.  Va.  15 
m.  SE.  from  Williamsburg,  and  23  NW.  from 
Norfolk. 

HALF-HYDE  BAY,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Antigua,  2  m.  S.  from  Reed  point. 

HALF-MOON  BAY,  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Jamaica,  2  m.  N.  from  Orange  bay. 

HALF-MOON  BAY,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
St.  Christopher,  2  m.  SE.  from  Ragged  Point. 

HALF-MOON  KEY,  isl.  near  the  south 
coast  of  Jamaica,  3  m.  ENE.  of  Portland  point. 

HALF-MOON  KEY,  isl.  in  the  bay  of 
Honduras.  Lon.  89°  W.  lat.  17°  10'  N, 


HAL— HAM 


283 


HALLOWELL,  t  K«nnebeck  co.  Me.  on 
Kennebeck  river,  at  the  head  of  the  tide,  2  m, 
below  Augusta,  54  m.  NE.  from  Portland. 
Lat.  44°  16'  N.  Pop.  3,964.  It  is  a  flourish 
ing  town,  a  place  of  considerable  trade,  and 
exports  large  quantities  of  beef,  pork,  pot 
and  pearl  ashes,  flour  and  lumber.  The  river 
is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels  of  150  tons. 

HALLOWELL,  t.  Prince  Edward  co.  U.  C. 


on  Lake  Ontario. 
HALLOWELL 


CROSS-ROADS,  Kenne 


beck  co.  Me.  near  the  village  of  Hallowell, 
and  53  m.  NE.  from  Portland. 

HALL'S  RIVER,  N.  H  a  head-water  of 
the  Connecticut ;  flows  from  the  NW  and  its 
mouth  is  in  lat.  45°  N. 

HALL'S  CROSS-ROADS,  Harford  co.  Md. 
30  m.  NE.  from  Baltimore. 

HALLSVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. ; 
73  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

HALLSVILLE,  v.  Duplin  co.  N.  C.  about 
100  m.  SE.  from  Raleigh. 

HAM,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  Canada ;  50  m. 
SE.  from  Three  Rivers. 

HAM-BLUFF,  cape,  at  the  W.  extremity 
of  Santa  Cruz,  in  the  West  Indies.  Lon.  63° 
34'  W. ;  lat.  17°  51'  N. 

HAMBURG,  t.  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Erie, 
S.  of  Buffalo.  Pop.  3,348. 

HAMBURG,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.;  18  m. 
from  Goshen,  N.  Y.  20  from  Newton. 

HAMBURG,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. ;  436  m. 
from  W. 

HAMBURG,  v.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y. 

HAMBURG,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Schuylkill ;  18  m.  N.  by  W.  from  Read 
ing,  70  NNW.  from  Philadelphia. 

HAMBURG,  t.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C.  on 
Savannah  river,  opposite  Augusta.  The  first 
buildings  were  commenced  in  June,  1821,  and 
in  1822  there  were  erected  200  dwelling-houses 
and  stores.  Hamburg  was  erected  for  the 
purpose  of  diverting  the  trade  of  this  part  of 
the  state,  and  also  of  the  upper  parts  of  Geor 
gia,  from  Savannah  to  Charleston.  A  rail-road 
is  now  in  progress  between  this  place  and 
Charleston. 

HAMBURG  ON  THE  LAKE,  v.  Niagara 
co.  N.  Y. 

HAMDEN,  v.  Delaware  cc,  N.  Y.;  104  m. 
SW.  from  Albany. 

HAMDEN,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.;  8m.  N. 
from  New  Haven.  Pop.  1,669.  Within  the 
township,  about  2  m.  from  N.  Haven,  there  is 
a  large  gun  manufactory. 

HAMILTON,  cape  on  the  N.  end  of  the 
island  of  Newfoundland. 

HAMILTON,  t  Essex  co.  Mass.;  10  m. 
NW.  from  Salem.  Pop.  743. 

HAMILTON,  co.  N.  Y. ;  bounded  by  Mont 
gomery  S.  Herkimer  SW.  and  W.  St.  Law 
rence  and  Franklin  N.  and  Essex,  Warren, 
and  Saratoga  E.  This  county  was  formerly 
contained  in  the  northern  part  of  Montgomery. 
Pop.  1,324. 

HAMILTON,  t.  Gaspe  co.  L.  Canada,  on 
Chaleur  Bay. 

HAMILTON,  t.  Northumberland  co.  U.  C. 
extending  from  Lake  Ontario  to  Rice  Lake. 


HAMILTON,  t.  Philadelphia   co.  Pa. 
the  Schuylkill,  opposite  Philadelphi 


HAMILTON,  t.  Martin  co.  N.C. 
HAMILTON,  t.  Warren   co.  Ohio. 
1,665. 


Pop. 


HAMILTON,  a  port  in  the  Bermuda  isl 
ands,  and  seat  of  government 

HAMILTON,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  25  m. 
SW.  from  Utica,  110  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
3,220.  It  contains  2  churches.  The  village 
is  handsomely  built  on  the  main  branch  of 
Chenango  river, 

HAMILTON,  v.  Guilderlandt,  N.  Y. 

HAMILTON,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 

HAMILTON,  co.  E.  Ten.  Pop.  2,274 
Brainerd  is  the  chief  town. 

HAMILTON,  co.  the  SW.  part  of  Ohio,  on 
Ohio  river.  Pop.  52,321.  Chief  town,  Cin 
cinnati. 

HAMILTON,  t.  and  cap.  Butler  co.  Ohio, 
on  Miami  river,  25  m.  N.  from  Cincinnati,  105 
SW.  from  Columbus.  Here  is  a  printing, 
office.  Pop.  1,097. 

HAMILTON,  t  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Scioto,  7  m.  from  Columbus. 

HAMILTON,  v.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
on  St.  Lawrence  river,  20  m.  below  Ogdens- 


irg. 
HJ! 


AMILTON,  v.  of  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  right  bank  of  Alleghany  river,  at  and 
below  the  mouth  of  Olean.  The  Alleghany 
river  is  there  about  80  yards  wide,  and  at  sea 
sons  of  high- water,  navigable  for  vessels  of  8 
or  10  tons  burthen.  Distant  from  Pittsburg 
by  land  170  m.  by  water  260,  from  Buffalo  65, 
and  from  navigable  water  in  Genesee  river, 
near  Angelica,  25  m. 

HAMILTON  BAN,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa. 

HAMILTONVILLE,  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 
on  the  Juniata. 

HAMPDEN,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  on  the  W 
side  of  Penobscot  river ;  10  m.  SSW.  from 
Bangor,  29  NW.  from  Castine.  Pop.  2,020. 

HAMPDEN,  co.  Mass.  Pop.  31,640.  Chief 
town,  Springfield. 

HAMPDEN,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio. 

HAMPSHIRE,  co.  Mass.  Pop.  30,210. 
Chief  town,  Northampton. 

HAMPSHIRE,  co.  Va.  Pop.  11,279.  Chief 
town,  Romney, 

HAMPSHIRE,  co.  in  Quebec  district,  L. 
Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

HAMPSTEAD,  t.  Queen's  co.  N.  Bruns 
wick,  on  the  W.  side  of  St.  John  river. 

HAMPSTEAD,  t  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.; 
24  m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  913. 

HAMPSTEAD,  v.  King  George  co.  Va. 

HAMPSTEAD,  t.  Rockland  oo.  N.  Y.  15 
m.  NW.  from  New  York.  It  contains  several 
churches,  and  the  extensive  iron-works,  called 
Ramapoo  Works. 

HAMPTON,  t  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on 
the  sea-coast,  18  in.  SW.  from  Portsmouth. 
Pop.  1,103,  It  contains  two  meeting-houses, 
and  an  academy. 

HAMPTON,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct ;  37  m. 
E.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  1,101. 

HAMPTON,  v.  in  Westmoreland,  Oneida 
co.  N.  Y.;  11  m.  W.  from  W7hitesborough. 


284 


HAM— HAR 


HAMPTON,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y. ;  70 
m.  NE.  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,069. 

HAMPTON,  t.  Elizabeth-city  co.  Va. 

HAMPTON  FALLS,  t.  Rockingham  co. 
N.  H.  on  the  sea-coast,  20  m.  SW.  from  Ports 
mouth.  Pop.  582.  It  contains  3  churches,  2 
for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Baptists. 

HAMPTONVILLE,  v.  Surrey  co.  N.  C. 

HANCOCK,  co.  Me.  on  both  sides  of  Pc- 
nobscot  Bay ;  bounded  N.  by  Penobscot  co.  E. 
by  Washington  co.  S.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  W. 
by  Lincoln  co.  Pop.  24,347.  Chief  town, 
Castine. 

HANCOCK,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. ;  13 
m.  E.  from  Keene,  28  SW.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  1,316. 

HANCOCK,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt. ;  29  m.  SW. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  472. 

HANCOCK,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. ;  20  m. 
NNW.  from  Lenox.  Pop.  1,053. 

HANCOCK,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. ;  22  m. 
SW.  from  Delhi,  60  W.  from  Kingston.  Pop. 
766. 

HANCOCK,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J. 

HANCOCK,  t.  Washington  co.  Md.  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Potomac;  25  m.  SE.  from 
Bedford,  Pa.  119  NW.  from  Baltimore. 

HANCOCK,  co.  western  district  of  Geo-  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Oconee.  Pop.  11,822.  Chief 
town,  Sparta. 

HANCOCK,  co.  Ohio ;  bounded  W.  by  Put 
nam,  N.  by  Wood,  E.  by  Seneca  and  Craw 
ford,  and  S.  by  Hardin.  Pop.  813.  Chief 
town,  Findlay. 

HANCOCK,  co.  Mis. ;  bounded  by  Lake 
Borgne  S.  by  Pearl  river  or  Louisiana  W.  by 
Marion  and  Perry  N.  and  by  Jackson  NE. 
Pop.  1,961.  Chief  town,  Pearlington. 

HANCOCKSVILLE,  v.  Union  district,  S.  C. 
110  m.  NNW.  from  Columbia. 

HANGING  FORK,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Ken.  be 
tween  Danville  and  Stamford,  53  m.  SSE.  from 
Frankfort. 

HANGING  ROCK,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Va. 
99  m.  WNW.  from  W. 

HANKINSONVILLE,  v.  Claiborne  co.  Mis. 
about  40  m.  NE.  from  Natchez. 

HANNIBAL,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  SW.  from 
the  mouth  of  Onondaga  river.  Pop.  1,794. 

HANNIBALSVILLE,  v.  in  Hannibal  town 
ship,  Oswego  co.  N.  Y. ;  182  m.  NW.  by  W 
from  Albany. 

HANOVER,  t.Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  E.  side 
of  the  Connecticut ;  53  m.  NW.  from  Concord 
102  WNW.  from  Portsmouth,  115  NW.  froir 
Boston,  490  from  W.  Pop.  2,361.  Dartmouth 
College,  situated  in  the  SW.  part  of  this  town 
ship,  about  half  a  mile  E.  of  the  river,  on  a 
beautiful  plain,  ranks  as  the  third  literary  in 
stitution  in  New  England.  It  was  founded  in 
1770  by  Dr.  Eleazar  Wheelock.  The  build 
ings  consist  of  two  handsome  edifices,  the  Col 
lege  Hall  and  Medical  Hall.  The  former  is 
150  feet  by  50,3  stories  high,  and  contains  36 
rooms.  The  latter  is  75  feet  long  and  3  sto 
ries  high,  containing  a  laboratory,  a  room  for 
the  anatomical  museum,  2  lecture  rooms,  anc 
J  rooms  for  medical  students,  a  chapel  and  a 
dining  hall.  The  officers  are  a  president  and 


8  professors.  The  whole  number  of  graduates 
up  to  1831  was  1,609  :  the  average  number  of 
under-graduates  was  about  150.  The  number 
of  volumes  in  the  College  Library  is  6,000,  and 
he  Students'  Library  contains  8,000  volumes. 
There  are  3  vacations  in  a  year,  in  May,  Au 
gust,  and  December.  Commencement  is  on 
he  last  Wednesday  but  one  in  August. 

HANOVER,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.;  15  m. 
NW.  from  Plymouth,  25  SE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,300. 

HANOVER,  v.  in  Paris,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y 
on  Oriskany  creek. 

HANOVER,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  NE.  of 
lhatauque.  Pop.  2,614. 

HANOVER,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Pas- 
saic,  16  m.  NW.  from  Elizabethtown.  Pop. 
3,718. 

HANOVER,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
2,859. 

HANOVER,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  on  a  branch  of 
Conewago  creek,  which  runs  into  the  Susque- 
hannah,  18  m.  SW.  from  York,  106  W.  by  S, 
rom  Philadelphia.  It  contains  two  churches. 
Pop.  1,006. 

HANOVER,  co.  Va.  between  Chickahomi- 
ny  and  Pamunky  rivers.  Pop.  16,253,  of 
whom  6,526  are  whites,  449  free  blacks,  and 
9,278  slaves.  In  this  county  is  Washington- 
Henry  Academy,  at  Hanover,  9  m.  NE.  from 
Richmond. 

HANOVER,  t.  Colurnbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
2,039. 

HANOVER,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  N. 
from  Cadiz.  Pop.  44. 

HANOVER,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  709. 

HANOVER,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  323. 

HANOVER,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio. 

HANOVER,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  W.  from 
Rossville.  Pop.  1,644. 

HANOVER  BAY,  or  Chetamal  Bay,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  Yucatan.  Lon.  89°  15'  W. ;  lat. 
18°  45'  N. 

HANOVER,  AT«P,  country  on  the  NW, 
coast  of  America,  lying  partly  in  New  Cale 
donia  and  partly  in  Oregon  Territory,  between 
lat.  45°  30'  and  53°  15'  N. 

HANOVERTOWN,  t.  Hanover  co.  Va.  on 
the  Pamunky,  6  m.  above  New  Castle,  22  NE. 
from  Richmond. 

HANSON,  t.  Plymouth  co.Mass.  Pop.  1,030. 

HANTS,  co.  Nova-Scotia,  which  contains 
the  townships  of  Windsor,  Falmouth,  and 
Newport. 

HARBOR,  Cape,  the  N.  extremity  of  Wells' 
Bay,  on  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  70°  24'  W.; 
lat.  433  18'  N. 

HARBOR  DE  LUTE,  harbor  in  Campo 
Bello  Island,  New  Brunswick,  opening  into 
Passamaquoddy  Bay. 

HARBOR  ISLAND,  one  of  the  smaller 
Bahama  Islands,  N.  of  Eleuthera.  Lon.  76° 
44'  W. ;  lat.  25°  56'  N. 

H  ARDENBURG,  v.  Breckenbridge  co.  Ken. 

HAR  DEN'S  COVE,  v.  Randolph  co.  Va.  on 
the  E.  branch  of  Monongahela  river,  65  m. 
above  Morgantown. 

HARDEN'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  runs  into  the 
Ohio  Lon,  86°  56'  W. ;  lat  37°  40'  N. 


HAR— HAR 


285 


HARDENSVILLE,  v.  on  Racing  River 
Shelby  co.  Ken.  9  m.  SW.  from  Frankfort. 

HARDIMAN,  co.  in  the  SW.  part  of  Ten. 
Pop.  11,628.  Bolivar  is  the  capital. 

HARDIN,  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio,  662  m 
from  W.  Pop.  13,148.  Chief  town,  Eliza- 
bethtown. 

HARDIN,  v.  Shelby  co.  Ohio,  on  Loramie 
creek,  5  m.  SE.  from  Fort  Loramie,  and  93 
NW.  by  W.  from  Columbus. 

HARDIN,  co.  in  the  SW.  part  of  Ten.  Pop. 
4,867.  Savannah  is  the  capital. 

HARDIN,  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  500.  Hardy  is 
the  chief  town. 

HARDIN,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio. 

HARDING'S  FERRY,  on  White  river,  Ar 
kansas,  400  m.  from  its  mouth. 

HARDINSBURG,  v.  Dearborn  co.  In.  101 
m.  SE.  from  Indianapolis. 

HARDINSVILLE,  v.  on  the  right  bank  of 
Tennessee  river,  Hardin  co.  Ten.  140  m.  SW 
by  W.  from  Murfreesborough,  and  50  NW 
from  Florence  in  Alabama. 

HARDWARE  RIVER,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  James  river. 

HARD  WICK,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  14  m. 
NE.  from  Danville,  24  NNE.  from  Montpelier. 
Pop.  1,216. 

HARDWICK,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  22  m. 
WNW.  from  Worcester,  70  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,885. 

HARDWICK,  s-p.  Bryan  co.  Geo.  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Ogeechee  river,  25  m.  S  W.  from 
Savannah. 

HARDWICK,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
Delaware  river,  60  m.  above  Easton  in  Penn 
sylvania.  Pop.  1,962. 

HARDWICK,  island,  in  Johnson's  Strait, 
on  the  Pacific  coast  of  N.  America.  Lon.  from 
W.  48°  45'  W. ;  lat.  50°  26'  N. 

HARDY,  co.  N.  part  of  Va.  bounded  NE. 
by  Hampshire  co.  E.  by  Shenandoah  co.  SW. 
by  Pendleton  and  Randolph  cos.  and  NW.  by 
Maryland.  Pop.  6,798.  Chief  town,  Moore- 
field. 

HARDY,  t.  Coshtcton  co.  Ohio. 

HARE,  large  bay,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  N. 
peninsula  of  Newfoundland.  Lon.  from  W. 
19°20'E.;  lat.  51°  20' N. 

HARE  ISLAND,  isl.  L.  C.  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  16  m.  above  the  confluence  of  Sa- 
guenaw  river,  and  103  below  Quebec. 

HARFORD,  t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa.  235 
m.  from  W. 

HARFORD,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Penn 
sylvania,  E.  by  the  Susquehannah,  SE.  by 
Chesapeake  Bay,  and  W.  by  Baltimore  co. 
Pop.  16,315.  Chief  town,  Belle- Air. 

HARFORD,  t.  Harford  co.  Md.  on  Bush 
River,  25  m.  NE.  from  Baltimore,  77  SW.  from 
Philadelphia.  Lon.  76°  17'  W. ;  lat.  39°  28'  N. 

HARLAN,  co.  Ken.     Pop.  2,928. 

HARLEESVILLE,  v.  Marion  co.  S.  C. 

HARLEM,  v.  New  York  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  N. 
from  New  York. 

HARLEM,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  on  Big 
Walnut  creek.  Pop.  535. 

HARLEM  CREEK,  or  East  River,  N.  Y. 


forms  the  E.  boundary  of  New  York  island 
and  county. 

HARLINGTON,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J. 

HARLINGTON,  v.  Washington  co.  Me 
Pop.  1,118. 

HARLINSBURG,  v.  Mercer  co.  Pa. 

HARMAN'S  CREEK,  Va.  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  1  m.  above  Steubenville. 

HARMONY,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  25  m.  E. 
from  Norridgewick.  Pop.  925. 

HARMONY,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1,988. 

HARMONY,  t.  Butler  co  Pa.  on  Conaque- 
nesing  creek,  25  m.  NW.  from  Pittsburg. 

HARMONY,  t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 

HARMONY,  t.  Clarke  co.  Ohio. 

HARMONY,  t.  Posey  co.  In.  on  the  Wa- 
bash,  settled  by  a  religious  sect  from  Germany, 
called  Harmonists.  Pop.  690. 

HARMONY,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

HARMONY,  v.  York  co.  S.  C. 

HARMONY,  Arkansas  Ter.  a  missionary 
station  among  the  Osage  Indians,  formed  in 
1821  by  the  United  Foreign  Mission  Society. 
It  is  situated  on  the  Marias  de  Cein,  a  good 
mill-stream,  6  m.  above  its  junction  with  Osage 
river.  The  tract  of  land  given  by  the  Indians 
for  the  use  of  the  mission  contains  about  15,000 
acres,  is  very  fertile,  and  well  supplied  with 
timber  and  stone  for  building.  Good  coal  is 
found  within  a  few  rods  of  the  settlement. 

HARMONY,  v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the  Sus 
quehannah,  1 8  m.  NW.  from  Stockport. 

HARPER'S  FERRY,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Va 
on  the  Potomac,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Shenan 
doah,  21  m.  WSW.  from  Fredericktown,  24  m. 
ENE.  from  Winchester,  and  65  NW.  from  W. 
The  passage  of  the  Potomac  through  the  Blue 
Ridge  at  this  place  is  accounted  a  curiosity. 
There  is  here  an  extensive  establishment  be 
longing  to  the  United  States,  for  the  manufac 
ture  of  arms.  The  number  of  men  employed 
is  about  260,  and  the  annual  expense  has  been, 
on  an  average,  about  §100,000. 

HARPERSFIELD,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 
20  m.  NE.  from  Delhi,  55  SW.  from  Albany, 
51  from  Catskill.  Pop.  1,936. 

HARPERSFIELD,  South,  v.  Delaware  co. 
N.  Y. 

HARPERSFIELD,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio, 
on  Grand  river,  10m.  W.  from  Jefferson. 

HARPERSVILLE,  v.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 

HARPETH,  v.  Williamson  co.  Ten. 

HARPETH,  r.  Tennessee,  which  after  a 
NNW.  course  of  about  40  m.  falls  into  the 
Cumberland,  19  m.  NW.  from  Nashville.  It 
is  navigable  for  boats  to  Franklin. 

HARPSWELL,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me  40 
m.  E.  from  Portland.  Pop.  1,353. 

HARRIET  POINT,  cape,  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America.  Lat.  60°  24'  N. 

HARRINGTON,  t.  Washington  co.  Me.  on 
Narraguagus  Bay,  25  m.  W.  from  Machias 
Pop.  1,118. 

HARRINGTON,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
2,581. 

HARRISBOROUGH,  t.  Richmond  co.  Geo. 
on  Savannah  river,  a  little  above  Augusta. 


286 


HARr-HAR 


STATE-HOUSE,  AT  HARRISBURG. 


HARRISBURG,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  and 
capital  of  the  state,  is  regularly  laid  out  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  river,  over  which 
a  bridge  is  here  erected,  a  mile  in  length.  It 
is  97  m.  WNW.  from  Philadelphia,  35  NW. 
from  Lancaster,  184  E.  from  Pittsburg,  and  110 
from  W.  Lat.  40°  16'  N.  It  contains  7  or  8 
public  buildings,  and  7  houses  of  public  wor 
ship.  The  state-house  is  a  spacious  and  ele 
gant  building,  and  makes  an  imposing  show. 
Pop.  in  1820,  3,000 ;  in  1830,  4,307. 

HARRISBURG,  t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  20  m. 
from  Brownville,  65  N.  from  Rome.  Pop.  712. 

HARRISBURG,  or  Cairo,  v.  Lancaster  co. 
S.  Carolina. 

HARRISBURG,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river,  7  m-  S.  from  Gallipolis. 

HARRISBURG,  v.  Ocatahoola  parish,  La. 
40  m.  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Natchez. 

HARRISON,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  41  m. 
NW.  from  Portland. 

HARRISON,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y. 

HARRISON,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  30 
m.  NE.  from  New  York.  Pop.  1,085. 

HARRISON,  co.  Va.  inclosed  by  the  coun 
ties  of  Ohio,  Monongalia,  Randolph,  Kenhawa, 
and  Wood.  Pop.  14,677.  Chief  town,  Clarks 


burg. 
HA 


[ARRISON,  co.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Ken. 
Pop.  13,180.  Chief  town,  Cinthiana. 

HARRISON,  co.  Ohio,  between  Jefferson 
and  Tuscarawas  counties.  Sq.  ms.  450.  Pop. 
20,920.  Chief  town,  Cadiz. 

HARRISON,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
525. 

HARRISON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  10  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus. 

HARRISON,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  781. 

HARRISON,  t.  Hamilton  co.Ohio.  Pop.  173. 

HARRISON,  t.  on  the  E  side  of  Ross  co. 
Ohio.  Pop.  545. 

HARRISON,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  E.  from 
Scioto  river.  Pop.  823. 

HARRISON,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio,  on  the  S. 
fork  of  Licking  river.  Pop.  477. 

HARRISON,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,318. 

HARRISON,  v.  Ohio  and  In.  standing  on 
the  line  between  the  two  states,  one  part  being 
in  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  and  the  othe"-  in  Dear 
born  co.  Indiana. 


HARRISON,  v.  Knox  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  SE 

from  Mount  Vernon, 

HARRISON,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Ohio  river 
SE.  S.  and  W.  Big  Blue  river  SW.  Washing 
ton  N.  and  Floyd  NE.  and  E.  Soil  fertile. 
Chief  town,  Cory  don.  Pop.  10,288. 

HARRISON,  v.  and  t.  Harrison  co.  In. 

HARRISON,  t.  Franklin  co.  In.  25m.NW. 
from  Cincinnati. 

HARRISON,  v.  Calloway  co.  Miso.  100  m. 
W.  from  St.  Louis. 

HARRISONBURG,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Rockingham  co.  Va.  25  m.  NNE.  from  Staun- 
ton,  and  40  NNW.  from  Charlottesville. 

HARRISONVILLE,  v.  Monroe  co.  Illinois, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  30  m.  below 
St.  Louis. 

HARRISVILLE,  v.  Butler  co.  Pa. 

HARRISVILLE,  v.  Brunswick  co.  Va.  57 
m.  a  little  W.  of  S.  from  Richmond. 

HARRISVILLE,  v.  Medina  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  co.  Pop.  500. 

HARRISVILLE,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  9  m. 
NE.  from  Cadiz.  Pop.  314. 

HARRISVILLE  RESERVE,  v.  Medina 
co.  Ohio,  90  m.  N.  from  Columbus. 

HARRODSBURG,  t.  Mercer  co.  Ken.  on 
Salt  river,  10  m.  N.  by  W.  from  Danville.  Here 
is  a  mineral  spring,  from  which  Epsom  salts 
are  obtained.  Pop.  1,051. 

HARROD'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  10  m.  above  Louisville. 

HART,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  5,292.  Chief  town, 
Munfordsville. 

HARTFORD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  12  m.NE. 
from  Paris.  Pop.  1,297. 

HARTFORD,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  Con- 
necticut  river,  14  m.  above  Windsor.  Pop. 
2,044. 

HARTFORD,  co.  Ct.  on  both  sides  Con- 
necticut  river.  Pop.  51,141.  Hartford  is  the 
capital. 

HARTFORD,  city,  Hartford  co.  Ct.  and 
one  of  the  capitals  of  the  state,  is  regularly 
laid  out  on  the  W.  bank  of  Connecticut  river, 
50  m.  from  its  mouth,  14  N.  from  Middletown, 
34  NNE.  from  New  Haven,  42  NW.  from  New 
London,  74  W.  from  Providence,  94  SE.  from 
Albany,  100  WSW.  from  Boston,  123  NE.  from 
Now  York,  and  335  from  W.  Pop.  in  1820, 


HAR— HAV 


287 


6,901 ;  in  1830,  9,789,  including  the  city  and 
township.  It  contains  9  public  buildings,  among 
which  the  state-house  makes  the  most  conspi 
cuous  figure,  and  9  churches.  One  of  the  Con 
gregational  churches  is  a  spacious  and  elegant 
building.  The  asylum  of  the  deaf  and  dumb, 
a  mile  west  of  the  city,  on  Tower  Hill,  is  a 
building  creating  striking  interest.  It  was  es 
tablished  in  1817,  and  is  the  first  institution 
of  the  kind  in  America.  The  congress  of  the 
United  States  has  made  a  generous  grant  to 
the  asylum  of  more  than  23,000  acres  of  land ; 
and  the  legislatures  of  some  of  the  states  have 
made  appropriations  for  the  support  of  pupils. 
The  success  of  the  institution  has  hitherto  been 
highly  gratifying,  and  the  improvement  of  the 
pupils  lias  equalled  the  most  sanguine  expecta 
tions  of  their  friends.  The  retreat  for  the  in 
sane,  a  little  south  of  the  town,  is  a  spacious 
stone  building,  150  by  50  feet,  with  extensive 
grounds  for  the  unfortunate  patients.  Wash 
ington  Episcopal  College  has  two  spacious 
stone  buildings.  It  was  founded  in  1826 ;  it 
has  9  professors,  and  the  number  of  students 
ranges  from  70  to  100.  It  has  a  library  con 
taining  6,200  volumes.  Commencement  is  on 
the  first  Wednesday  of  August.  There  are 
three  vacations  in  a  year ;  the  first,  from  com 
mencement,  6  weeks ;  the  second,  2  weeks 
from  Thursday  before  Christmas ;  the  third,  3 
weeks  from  Thursday  before  20th  of  April. — 
Hartford  has  a  respectable  amount  of  com 
merce,  and  numerous  manufactories.  Printing 
and  publishing  are  carried  on  to  a  considerable 
extent.  It  has  daily  communication  with  New 
York  by  steam-boats  and  stages,  and  being  at 
the  head  of  sloop  navigation,  carries  on  a  brisk 
trade  with  the  surrounding  country  and  places 
up  the  river. 

HARTFORD,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  8  m. 
NE.  from  Sandy-hill,  54  N.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,420. 

HARTFORD,  t.  and  cap.  Pulaski  co.  Geo. 
on  the  Oakmulgee,  50  m.  from  Milledgeville, 
and  709  from  W. 

HARTFORD,  t.  and  cap.  Ohio  co.  Ken. 
Here  is  a  bank.  Pop.  242. 

HARTFORD,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

HARTFORD,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  8  m. 
W.  of  Warren.  Pop.  859. 

HARTFORD,  t.  Dearborn  co.  Indiana. 

HARTLAND,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine.  Pop. 
718. 

HARTLAND,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  Con- 
necticut  river,  7  m.  above  Windsor.  Pop. 
2,503. 

HARTLAND,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct  22  m.  NW. 
from  Hartford.  Pop.  1,221. 

HARTLAND,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake 
Ontario.  Pop.  1,584. 

HARTLESS,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

HARTLETON,  t.  Union  co.  Pa. 

HARTLEYSTOWN,  t.  Union  co.  Pa. 

HART'S  STORE,  v.  Albemarle  co.  V. 

HARTSVILLE,  v.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

HARTSVILLE,  v.  Sumner  co.  Ten. 

HARTVILLE,  or  Hollow,  v.  Dutchess  co. 
N.Y. 

HART  WICK,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 


Susquehannah,  5  m.  SW.  from  Coopcrstown 
71  W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,772.  In  1816,  a 
literary  and  theological  seminary  was  estab 
lished  here. 

HARVARD,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  20  m. 
NE.  from  Worcester.  Pop.  1,601. 

HARVEY,  v.  Greene  co.  Pa. 

HARVELL'S,  v.  Dinwiddie  co.  Va.  about 
35  m.  S.  from  Richmond. 

HARWICH,  t.  Kent  co.  U.  C.  between  Lake 
Erie  and  the  river  Thames. 

HARWICH,  t  Barnstable  co.  Mas*,  on 
Barnstable  Bay,  9  m..from  Chatham.  Pop. 
2,467. 

HARWINTON,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  23  m. 
W.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  1,516. 

HASTE  RIVER  MILLS,  Culpeper  co. 
Va. 

HASTINGS,  co.  U.  C.  opposite  the  Bay  of 
Quinte. 

HATBOROUGH,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa 
17  m.  N.  from  Philadelphia. 

HATCHERSVILLE,  v.  Chesterfield  co.  Va. 
11  m.  southwardly  from  Richmond. 

HATCHES,  v.  Onslow  co.  N.  C.  100  m.  NE. 
from  Raleigh. 

HATCHES,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 

HATCHY,  Big,  r.  Ten.  and  Mis.  rises  in 
the  latter,  and  flowing  NW.  enters  Mississippi 
river. 

HATFIELD,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  5  m. 
above  Northampton.  Pop.  893. 

HATFIELD,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  24  m. 
NNW.  from  Philadelphia.  Pop.  835. 

HATLEY,  t.  of  Richelieu  and  Buckingham 
cos.  L.  C.  on  Lakes  Memphremagog,  Scaswa- 
ninepus,  and  Tomefobi. 

HATTERAS,  cape,  N.  C.  It  is  the  salient 
point  of  a  very  long  reef  of  sand,  extending 
from  Ocracock  to  New  Inlet.  The  cape,  prop- 
erly  so  called,  is  in  lat.  35°  15'  N. 

HAUTE,  or  Holt,  isl.  the  southernmost  of 
the  large  islands  in  Penobscot  Bay,  Me. 

HAVANA,  city  and  s-p.  on  the  NW.  part 
of  Cuba,  2  miles  in  circumference,  and  the 
capital  of  the  island.  The  houses  are  elegant, 
built  of  stone,  and  the  churches  are  rich  and 
magnificent.  The  harbor  is  capable  of  con 
taining  upwards  of  1000  vessels,  and  the  en 
trance  so  narrow  that  only  one  ship  can  enter 
at  a  time ;  it  is  defended  by  two  strong  forts, 
called  the  Moro  and  the  Puntal ;  there  are  also 
many  other  forts  and  platforms,  well  furnished 
with  artillery.  Here  all  the  ships  that  come 
from  the  Spanish  settlements  rendezvous  on 
their  return  to  Spain.  It  is  seated  on  the  W 
side  of  the  harbor,  and  watered  by  two  branch. 
es  of  the  river  Lagid*.  Pop.  about  70,000. 
Lon.  from  W.  5°  ^  W. ;  lat.  23°  12'  N. 

HAVANA,  province  of  the  island  of  Cuba, 
comprising  the  sub-provinces  of  Matanzas, 
Trinidad,  Santa  Espirita,  Remedios,  and  Villa 
Clara.  Havana,  principal  city. 

HAVANA,  v.  Greene  co.  Al.  53  m.  SW. 
from  Tuscaloosa. 

HAVANA,  t.  Lauderdale  co.  Alabama,  on 
N.  bank  of  the  Tennessee,  9  m.  from  Florence. 

HAVERHILL,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
Connecticut,  opposite  Newbury,  with  which  it 


288 


HAV— HEL 


is  connected  by  a  bridge ;  27  m.  N.  from  Dart 
mouth  College,  31  m.  NNW.  from  Plymouth, 
119  m.  NW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  2,153. 
In  the  SW.  part  of  the  town  there  is  a  hand 
some  village  containing  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
un  academy,  a  Congregational  meeting-house, 
and  is  a  place  of  considerable  business.  The 
courts  for  the  county  are  held  alternately  here, 
and  at  Plymouth.  Distance  from  W.  509  m. 

HAVERHILL,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass,  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Mer- 
rimack,  18  miles  from  its  mouth,  opposite  Brad 
ford;  15  m.  WSW.  from  Newburyport,  18  m. 
SSW.  from  Exeter,  19  m.  NNW.  from  Salem, 
30  m.  N.  from  Boston.  Pop.  3,912.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  flourishing  town,  and  contains  a 
bank,  cotton  and  woollen  manufactories,  2 
printing-offices,  a  library  containing  about  800 
volumes,  and  several  houses  of  public  worship. 
The  river  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels 
of  100  tons.  Here  is  an  elegant  bridge  across 
the  Merrimack.  It  has  considerable  manu 
factures  of  leather,  hats,  plated  ware,  &c.  and 
trades  largely  in  shoes,  and  it  has  an  extensive 
trade  with  the  back  country. 

HAVERSTRAW,  t.  Rockland  co.  N.  Y.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Hudson ;  40  m.  N.  from  New- 
York.  Pop.  2,306.  Here  are  extensive  iron 
works,  and  an  academy. 

HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  t.  Harford  co.  Md. 
on  W.  side  of  the  Susquehannah,  at  its  conflu 
ence  with  the  Chesapeake ;  36  m.  NE.  from  Bal 
timore,  64  m.  WSW.  from  Philadelphia.  It 
contains  a  bank,  and  is  a  place  of  some  trade. 
Lat.  39°  33'  N. 

HAW,  r.  N.  C.  which  rises  near  the  N.  bor 
der  of  the  state,  and  joins  Deep  river  to  form 
the  NW.  branch  of  Cape  Fear  river.  It  may 
be  easily  made  navigable  for  50  miles. 

HAW  RIVER,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  C.  323  m. 
from  W. 

HAWK'S  BAY,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Ala 
bama,  westward  of  the  mouth  of  Mobile  bay, 
between  Pelican  and  Dauphin  islands. 

HAWKE,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  19  m. 
SW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  528. 

HAWKESBURY,  t.  Prescott  co.  U.  C.  on 
the  Ottawa. 

HAWKESBURY  ISLAND,  isL  on  the 
NW.  coast  of  America  Lat.  53°  36'  N. 

HAWKINS,  co.  East  Tennessee.  Pop. 
10,949.  Chief  town,  Rogersville. 

HAWKINSBURG,  t.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 

HAWKSBILL  MILLS,  v.  Shenandoah  co. 
Va. 

HAWLEY,  t  Franklin  co.  Mass. ;  14  m. 
WSW.  from  Greenfield,  120  m.  WNW.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,037. 

HAY  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the 
Schuylkill. 

HAY  SPRING,  v.  Campbell  co.  Ken. 

HAYCOCK,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

HAYCOCK,  isl.Pa.  in  the  Delaware;  7  m. 
below  Easton. 

HAYMARKET,  v.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Muskingum,  9  m.  above 
Zanesville. 

HAYMARKET,  v.  Prince  William  co.  Va.; 
38  m.  WSW.  from  Washington. 


HAYWOOD,  co.  in  the  W.  part  of  N.  C. 
Pop.  4,593. 

HAYWOOD,  western  co.  of  N.  C.  bounded 
by  Geo.  S.  Ten.  NW.  and  Buncombe  E.  The 
great  body  of  the  co.  is  an  elevated  mountain 
valley.  Pop.  4,593. 

HAYWOOD,  C.  H.  Hay  wood  co.  N.  C.  293 
m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Raleigh,  and  549  m.  from 
W. 

HAYWOOD,  co.  Ten.  in  the  western  part  of 
the  state.  Pop.  5,356.  Brownville  is  the  capital. 

HAYWOOD,  C.  H.  v.  Haywood  co.  Ten. 

HAYWOODSBOROUGH,  t.  Chatham  co. 
N.  C.  at  the  confluence  of  the  Haw  and  Deep 
rivers,  about  38  m.  N.  by  W.  from  Fayetteville. 
It  is  situated  near  the  centre  of  the  state. 

HAY'S  MILLS,  v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va.  about 
80  m.  W.  from  W. 

HAYSVILLE,  v.  Franklin  co.  N.  C. ;  46  m. 
NE.  from  Raleigh. 

HAZLE  GREEN,  v.  Madison  co.  Missouri. 

HAZLE  PATCH,  or  Rice's,  v.  Knox  co. 
Ken. 

HAZLETON'S  FERRY,  v.  Knox  co.  In, 

HAZARD,  or  Richmond  Bay,  in  Hudson's 
bay.  Lon.  75°  50'  W. ;  lat.  56°  35'  N. 

HEAD  OF  CHESTER,  v.  Kent  co.  Md. 

HEAD  OF  COW  NECK,  v.  Queen's  co. 
N.  Y. 

HEAD  OF  SASSAFRAS,  v.  Kent  co.  Md. 

HEAD  OF  SEVERN,  v.  Ann-Arundel  co. 
Md.  15  in.  S.  from  Baltimore. 

HEALTH,  SEAT  OF,  Granville  v.  N.  C.; 
58  m.  NE.  from  Raleigh. 

HEALTHY  COVE,  bay  of  the  island  of 
Jamaica,  on  S.  coast.  Lon.  77°  W. ;  lat  17° 
44' N. 

HEART  LAKE,  lake,  N.H.;  20m.E.from 
Stuart.  It  is  6  m.  long  and  3  broad. 

HEATH,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass. ;  12  m.  NW. 
from  Greenfield,  125  WNW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,199. 

HEATH  POINT,  SE.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Anticosti,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law 
rence. 

HEBE,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 

HEBRON,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine;  9  m.  S. 
from  Paris,  150  m.  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
915.  It  contains  an  academy  and  a  woollen 
manufactory. 

HEBRON,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H. ;  8  m.  SW. 
from  Plymouth.  Pop.  583. 

HEBRON,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.;  20;m.  SE.  from 
Hartford.  Pop.  1,939.  It  contains  several 
churches. 

HEBRON,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.;  8  m. 
N.  from  Salem.  Pop.  ,2685. 

HECTOR,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. ;  10  m.  S. 
from  Ovid.  Pop.  5,212. 

HECTOR  CAPE,  cape  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America.  Lat.  51°  57'  20"  N. 

HELENA,  t.  and  cap.  Phillips  co.  Arkansas, 
on  the  Mississippi,  12  m.  below  the  St.  Francis. 

HELLERSTOWN,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
4  m.  SE.  from  Bethlehem. 

HELLGATE,  strait,  in  East  river,  N.Y. ;  8 
m.  fiom  New- York,  between  the  islands  of 
Manhattan  and  Parsell,  on  the  NW.  and  Long 
Island  on  the  SE.  Here  are  numerous  whirl. 


HEM— HEY 


280 


pools;  the  roaring  of  which,  at  certain  times  of 
the  tide,  is  tremendous.  Vessels  of  any  bur 
den,  however,  may  be  conducted  through  the 
strait  by  a  skilful  pilot. 

HEMLOCK*  lake,  in  Livonia,  N.  Y,  6  m 
long  and  4  broad,  communicates  with  Honeoy 
creek. 

HEMMINGFORD,  t.  Huntingdon  co,  L,  C 
on  the  Province  line,  34  m.  S.  from  Montreal. 

HEMPFIELD,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  3  m, 
W.  from  Lancaster. 

HEMPSTEAD,  t.  Queen's  co.  Long  Island. 
N.  Y.  22  m.  E.  from  New  York.  Pop.  6,215, 

HEMPSTEAD,  co.  Arkansas  Ter.  on  Red 
river.  Pop.  1,423.  Chief  town,  Arkansas. 

HEMPSTEAD  FORT,  Mis.  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Missouri,  2£  m.  above  Franklin. 

HEMPSTEAD  PLAIN,  on  Long  Island, 
N.  Y.  in  Queens  co.  15  m.  long  and  4  broad. 

HEN  AND  CHICKENS,  group  of  small 
islands  in  the  W.  part  of  Lake  Erie,  and  N. 
from  the  Bass  Islands. 

HENDERSON,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Lake  Ontario.  Pop.  2,428. 

HENDERSON,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Ohio 
river  N.  Davies  co.  E.  Hopkins  S.  and  Union 
W.  Pop.  6,649.  Chief  town,  Henderson. 

HENDERSON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Hen- 
derson  co.  Ken.  on  the  left  bank  of  Ohio  river. 
Pop.  483. 

HENDERSON,  t.  York  co.  S.  C. 

HENDERSON,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  1,073. 

HENDERSON  v.  Montgomery  co.  N.  C. 

HENDERSON,  co.  Tenn.  bounded  by  Har- 
din  S.  Madison  W.  Carroll  N.  and  Perry  E. 
Pop.  8,741.  Chief  town,  Lexington. 

HENDERSON'S  STORE,  v.  Botetourt  co 
Va.  206  m.  W.  from  Richmond. 

HENDERSONTON,  t.  and  cap.  Montgom- 
ery  co.  N.  C. 

HENDERSONVILLE,  Nottaway  co.  Va 
on  Little  Nottaway  river. 

HENDERSONVILLE,  or  Henderson's  Fer 
ry,  v.  Newbury  district,  S.  C.  30  m.  above  Co 
lumbia. 

HENDERSONVILLE,  v.  in  Sumner  co. 
Ten.  20  m.  from  Nashville. 

HENDRICK'S  STORE,  Bedford  co.  Va. 
177  m.  W.  from  Richmond. 

HENDRICKSVILLE,  v.  Westmoreland  co. 
Pa. 

HENLEY-HOUSE,  station  of  the  Hudson 
Bay  company,  on  Albany  river. 

HENLOPEN,  Cape,  Del.  the  SW.  point  at 
the  entrance  of  Delaware  Bay,  28  m.  from 
Cape  May.  Lon.  75°  6'  W. ;  lat.  38°  47'  N. 
Here  is  a  light-house. 

HENNIKER,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.  13 
m.  W.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,725. 

HENRICO,  co.  Va.  Pop.  28,798.  Chief 
town,  Richmond. 

HENRIETTA,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  on  Gen- 
esee  river.  Pop.  2,302. 

HENRY,  co.  Va,  Pop.  7,100.  Chief  town, 
Martinsville. 

HENRY,  Cape,  Va.  the  S.  point  at  the  en 
trance  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  12  m.  S.  from  Cape 
Charles.    Lon.  76°  W. ;  lat.  36^  58'  N. 
2M 


HENRY,  co.  Geo.  bounded  by  Gwinnet  N  W, 
Newton  NE.  Jasper  and  Jones  E.  Fayette  S, 
and  Flint  river  W.  Pop.  10,567.  Chief  town, 
M'Donough. 

HENRY,  v.  Henry  co.  Geo.  67  m,  NW.  by 
W.  from  Milledgeville. 

HENRY,  co.  Ken,  bounded  by  Jefferson 
SW.  Ohio  river  W.  Gallatin  N.  and  NE.  Ken 
tucky  river,  or  Owen  co.  E.  and  Shelby  S, 
Pop.  11,395.  Chief  town,  Newcastle. 

HENRY,  co.  Ohio,  in  New  Purchase,  bound 
ed  N.  by  the  territory  of  Michigan,  E.  by  Wood, 
S.  by  Putnam,  and  W.  by  Williams.  Pop.  260. 
Chief  town,  Damascus. 

HENRY,  SE.  co.  of  Al.  bounded  by  Cha- 
tahooche  river  E,  Florida  S.  Covington  W.  and 
Pike  N.  Pop.  in  1820,  2,638 ;  in  1830,  3,955. 
Columbia  is  the  chief  town. 

HENRY,  v.  Henry  co.  Al. 

HENRY,  Cross  Roads,  v.  Sevier  co.  Ten, 
200  m.  E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

HENRY  POINT,  the  E.  point  of  Haldiman 
Cove,  U.  C. 

HENSHAW,  t.  in  the  NW.  part  of  Trum- 
bull  co.  Ohio. 

HERCULANEUM,  t.  Miso.  near  the  Mis 
sissippi,  21  m.  above  St.  Genevieve,  30  S.  from 
St.  Louis.  Here  is  a  shot  manufactory.  This 
town  is  the  store-house  of  the  lead-mines,  which 
are  45  m.  W.  from  this  place.  It  is  950  m, 
from  W. 

HEREFORD,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L,  C.  on 
the  head  waters  of  Connecticut  river. 

HEREFORD,  v.  Baltimore  co,  Md< 

HERKIMER,  co.  central  part  of  N.  Y. 
bounded  N.  by  St.  Lawrence  co.  E.  by  Hamil 
ton,  S.  by  Otsego,  and  W.  by  Oneida  and  Lewis. 
Pop.  in  1820,  31,017 ;  in  1830,  55,869.  Chief 
town,  Herkimer. 

HERKIMER,  t.  and  cap.  Herkimer  co.  N.Y. 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  20  m.  E.  from 
Utica,  78  W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,486.  The 
principal  village  is  situated  at  a  little  distance 
from  the  entrance  of  West  Canada  Creek  into 
the  Mohawk.  Little  Flats,  another  consider 
able  village,  Js  7  m.  W.  At  this  village  there 
is  a  canal  with  8  locks.  Distance  from  W. 
392  in. 

HERMAN'S  STATION,  v.  Ken.  on  a 
branch  of  Sandy  r.  18  m.  S.  from  Balclutha. 

HERMITAGE,  v.  Prince  Edward  co.  Va. 
228  m.  from  W. 

HERMON,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  7  m.  W. 
from  Bangor.  Pop.  535. 

HERNDORSVILLE,  t.  Scott  co.  Ken.  33 
m.  NE.  from  Frankfort. 

HERON  CREEK,  creek,  Mass.  W.  of  Cape 
Malabar. 

HERRING  BAY,  bay,  Md.  on  W.  side  of 
the  Chesapeake,  15  m.  S.  from  Annapolis. 

HERTFORD,  co.  NE.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
8,541.  Chief  town,  Winton. 

HERTFORD,  t.  and  cap,  Perquimana  co. 
V.  C.  on  Perquimans  river,  15  m.  NNE.  from 
Edenton,  267  from  W. 

HERTFORD,  co.  L.  C.  on  the  right  side  of 
;he  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  the  island  of  Or- 
eans. 

HEY,  Point,  the  NW.  point  of  Comptroller'* 


290 


HtA—HIL 


Bay,  on  the  NW.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  215° 
45'  E.;  lat.  6(P  11' N, 

HIAQUI,  river  of  Mexico,  in  Sonora  v  Si- 
naloa,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  California,  after  a 
course  of  400  m.  Mouth  at  lat.  27°  30'  N. 

HIATSTOWN,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  head  of  Mill-stone  river,  13  m.  NE.  from 
Trenton. 

HIBERNIA,  v.  Calloway  co.  Miso.  about 
100  m.  by  land  W.  from  St.  Louis. 

IIICKES'  KEYS,  inlets,  in  the  bay  of  Hon 
duras.  Lon.  88°  54'  W. ;  lat.  17°  10'  N. 

HICKMAN,  SW.  co.  of  Ken.  on  Mississippi 
river,  bounded  N.  by  Graves,  E.  by  Calloway 
and  M'Craken,  and  S.  by  the  state  of  Tennes 
see.  Pop.  5,193.  Clinton  and  Columbus  are 
the  chief  towns. 

HICKMAN,  co.  East  Tennessee,  on  Duck 
river.  Pop.  8,132.  Chief  town,  Vernon. 

HICKMAN'S  CREEK,  r.  Smith  co.  Ten. 
which  falls  into  Caney  Fork,  6  m.  above  its 
mouth. 

HICKMAN'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  river  Kentucky. 

HICKORY,  t.  Venango  co.  Pa.  on  the  Alle- 
ghany,  20  m.  NE.  from  Franklin. 

HICKORY,  or  Mount  Pleasant,  v.  Wash 
ington  co.  Pa.  llm.  NNW.  from  Washington, 
the  seat  of  justice  for  the  county. 

HICKORY  CREEK,  t.  on  a  small  stream 
of  that  name,  flowing  into  Caney  Fork,  branch 
of  Cumberland  river,  Warren  co.  Ten.  35  m. 
SE.  by  E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

HICKORY  FLATS,  t.  Madison  co.  Mis. 

HICKORY  GROVE,  Abbeville  district,  S.C. 

HICKORY  GROVE,  v.  Henry  co.  Geo. 
about  70  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Milledgeville. 

HICKORY  GROVE,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
Miso.  53  m.  W.  from  St.  Louis. 

HICKORY  HILL,  Beaufort  district,  S.  C. 

HICKSFORD,  v.  Greenville  co.  Va.  on  the 
S.  side  of  Meherin  river,  69  m.  S.  from  Rich 
mond. 

HIGGIN'S  POINT,  NW.  coast  of  America. 
Lon.  228°  25'  E. ;  lat.  55°  27'  N. 

HIGGINSPORT,  v.  Brown  co.  Ohio,  on 
Ohio  river,  4  m.  below  Ripley.  Pop.  129. 

HIGHGATE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  in  NW. 
corner  of  the  state,  on  Lake  Champlain;  40  m. 
N.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  1,129.  This  town 
has  iron  works,  and  considerable  trade  in 
lumber. 

HIGHLAND,  co.  SW.  part  of  Ohio.  Pop. 
16,347.  Chief  town,  Hillsborough. 

HIGHLAND,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  15 
m.  NE.  from  Zanesville.  Pop.  820. 

HIGHLANDS,  a  mountainous  tract  in  N.Y. 
through  which  the  Hudson  flows.  The  loftiest 
summits  are  Thunderhill,  St.  Anthony's  Nose, 
Sugar-loaf,  Butter-hill,  and  Breakneck-hill.  The 
passage  of  the  Hudson  through  the  Highlands 
is  remarkably  grand,  being  18  miles. 

HIGHLAND  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  Ion.  82°  22'  W. ;  lat.  37°  32'  N. 

HIGH  PEAK,  peak  of  the  Catskill  moun 
tains,  N.  Y.  Height  3,487  feet. 

HIGH  ROCK,  v.  Rockinjrham  co.  N.  C. 

HIGH  SHOALS,  v.  Clark  Co.  Geo. 


HIGHTSTOWN,  v.  Middlesex  co  N.  3,  an 
a  branch  of  Mill  river,  by  postroad  19  m.  NE. 
from  Trenton,  and  25  a  little  W.  of  S.  from 
New  Brunswick. 

HIGUEY,  t.  St.  Domingo,  80  m.  E.  from 
St.  Domingo.  Pop.  3,500. 

HILL'S  BAY,  bay,  in  Chesapeake  Bay. 
Lon.  76°  20'  W. ;  lat.  37°  32  N. 

HILL  CREEK,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into  the 
Potomac.  Lon.  78°  23'  W. ;  lat,  39°  40'  N. 

HILLHAM,  t.  Overton  co.  Ten.  699  m. 
from  W. 

HILLIAR,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio. 

HILLIARDSTOWN,  v.  Nash  co.  N.  C.  by 
postroad  70  m.  NE.  from  Raleigh. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  co.  south  part  of  N.  H. 
bounded  N.  by  Grafton  co.  E.  by  Strafford  and 
Rockingham  cos.  S.  by  Massachusetts,  and  W. 
by  Cheshire  co.  Pop.  37,762.  Chief  town,  Am- 
herst. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t.  Hillsborough  co. 
N.  H. ;  13  m.  WSW.  from  Hopkinton,  20  W. 
from  Concord.  Pop.  1,792. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t.  Westmoreland  co, 
New  Brunswick. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t.  Madison  co.  Ala. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t.  Orange  co.  Indiana, 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 
18  m.  N.  from  Trenton.  Pop.  2,878. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Caroline  co.  Md.  27 
m.  SSW.  from  Chester,  79  from  W. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va.  3  m, 
NNW.  from  Leesburg,  51  from  W. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Culpeper  co,  Va- 
104  m.  from  W. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Highland 
co.  Ohio,  36  m.  W.  by  S.  from  Chillicothe,  55 
SW.  from  Columbus,  and  441  from  W.  Pop. 
564. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Orange  co. 
N.  C.  on  the  Eno ;  30  m.  NW.  from  Raleigh, 
110  ENE.  from  Salisbury,  180  WNW.  from 
Newbern.  It  is  situated  in  an  elevated,  fertile, 
and  healthy  country,  and  contains  a  court- 
house,  a  jail,  and  an  academy.  Distance  from 
W.  296  miles. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  r.  Florida,  which  runs 
into  the  Gulf  of  Florida.  Lon.  81°  30'  W. ; 
lat.  28°  36'  N. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  or  Espiritu  Santo  Tarn- 
pa,  bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Florida.  It  is 
the  most  spacious  bay  on  that  coast;  60  m. 
from  Lake  George.  Lon.  83°  W.;  lat.  27° 
36' N. 

HILLSBOROUGH  BAY,  bay,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  Dominica.  Lon.  61°  22'  W. ;  lat.  15° 
42'  N. 

HILLSBOROUGH  BAY,  bay,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  the  island  of  St  John.  Lon.  62°  40' 
W. ;  lat.  46°  10'  N. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Jasper  co.  Geo.  59  m. 
NW.  from  Milledgeville. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
on  the  U.  S.  turnpike  road,  almost  exactly  mid- 
distance  between  Washington  and  Brownsville, 
11  m.  from  each. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Franklin  co.  Ten, 
60  m.  SSE.  from  Murfreesborough. 


HIL— HOI, 


291 


HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Montgomery  co.  II. 
25  m.  NW.  from  Unadilla. 

HILLSBRIDGE,  v.  Halifax  co.  N.  C.  116 
m.  NE.  from  Raleigh. 

HILLSDALE,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  18  m. 
SE.  of  the  city  of  Hudson.  Pop.  2,546. 

HILL'S  STORE,  v.  Randolph  co.  N.  C. 
about  60  m.  W.  from  Raleigh. 

HILLTON,  v.  Charles  co.  Md. 

HILL.TOP,  v.  Charles  co.  Md.  44  m.  from  W. 

HILLTON  HEAD,  island  on  the  coast  of 
S.  C.  near  the  mouth  of  Savannah  river.  Lon. 
80°  20'  W. ;  lat  32°  10'  N. 

HILTON  HEAD,  cape  on  E.  coast  of 
Trench's  Island,  at  going  into  Portland  en 
trance.  Lon.  80°  46'  W. ;  lat.  32°  16'  N. 

HILTON'S  POINT,  on  Piscataqua  river, 
the  SE.  point  of  the  town  of  Dover,  7  m.  from 
the  sea, 

HILLTOWN,  t  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

HINCHINBROOK,  island  of  America,  in 
Prince  William's  Sound,  on  which  the  Rus 
sians  have  a  factory. 

HINCHA,  v.  St.  Domingo,  at  the  mouth  of 
Guayamuco,  64  m.  NW.  from  St.  Domingo,  in 
N.  lat.  19°  3'. 

HINCHINBROKE,  Cape,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America,  at  the  entrance  of  Prince 
William's  Sound.  Lon.  213°  56'  E. ;  lat.  60° 
16£'  N. 

HINCHINBROOK,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  L.  C. 
on  the  Province  line,  40  m.  SW.  from  Mont 
real. 

HINCHINBROOK,  t,  Frontenac  co.  U.  C. 

HINCHINBROOK  ISLAND,  isl.  on  the 
NW.  coast  of  America,  in  Prince  William's 
Sound,  about  50  m.  in  circumference.  Lon. 
213°  50'  to  214°  24'  E. ;  lat.  60°  24'  N. 

HINESBURG,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  12  m. 
SE.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  1,669. 

HINESVILLE,  v.  Patrick  co.  Va.  280  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Richmond. 

HINGHAM,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  14  m. 
SE.  from  Boston,  455  from  W.  Pop.  3,357.  It 
lies  on  S.  side  of  Boston  harbor,  is  a  very 
pleasant  town,  and  contains  several  churches, 
a  woollen  manufactory,  and  a  well-endowed 
academy. 

HINKLEY,  v.  Medina  co.  Ohio,  about  100 
m.  N.  from  Columbus. 

HINKSON'S,  t.  Boone  co.  Miso.  102  m.  W. 
from  St.  Charles. 

HINKLETOWN,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  128 
m.  from  W. 

HINSDALE,  v.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Olean  creek,  10  m.  N.  from  Hamilton,  on  Al- 
leghany  river.  Pop.  919. 

HINSDALE,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
Connecticut ;  15  m.  SW.  from  Keene.  Pop. 
937. 

HINSDALE,  t  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  15  m. 
NNW.  from  Lenox,  130  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
780. 

HIRAM,  t  Oxford  co.  Me.  34  m.  SW.  from 
Paris,  160  NNE.  from  Boston.     Pop.  1,026. 
HIRAM,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  517. 
HIWASSEE,  r.  in  the  country  of  the  Cher- 
okees.     It  rises  in  Georgia,  flows  into  Ten 
nessee,  and  joins  the  Tennessee  river  about 


12  m.  SW.  from  Washington,  near  Hiwassee 
garrison. 

HOBART  POINT,  the  NW.  point  at  the 
ntrance  into  Port  Houghton,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America,     Lat.  57°  17'  N. 

HOBOKEN,  v.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Hud- 
son,  7  m.  above  New  York. 

HOCCANUM,  r.  Ct.  which  runs  into  the 
Connecticut  at  East  Hartford,  and  affords  many 
mill-seats. 

HOCKHOCKING,  r.  Ohio,  which  rises  in 
Fairfield  co.  and  runs  into  the  Ohio  at  Troy, 
25  m.  below  Marietta,  150  above  the  mouth  of 
the  Scioto,  and  is  navigable  for  boats  to  Athens, 
40  m.  from  its  mouth.  It  has  a  deep  and  still, 
but  narrow  channel.  Near  its  source,  7  m.  N. 
of  Lancaster,  is  a  romantic  cascade  of  40  feet 
perpendicular.  It  has  a  number  of  mills  erect 
ed  on  it.  Its  chief  tributaries  are  Rush,  Sun 
day,  Monday,  Margaret's,  and  Federal  creeks. 
HOCKHOCKING,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  3,079. 

HOCKING,  co.  Ohio.  Chief  town,  Logan. 
Pop.  4,008. 

HOGANSBURG,  v.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.; 
267  m.  NNW.  from  Albany. 

HOGAN'S  CORNER,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y., 
77  m.  from  Albany. 

HOGESTOWN,  v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 
HOG  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Narraganset  Bay, 
R.  I.  2  m.  in  circuit ;  2  m.  SW.  from  Bristol. 

HOG  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  Pamlico  Sound, 
near  the  coast  of  N.  C.  Lon.  76°  36'  W. ;  lat. 
34°  56'  N. 

HOG  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coast  of  Va.  Lat.  37°  30'  N. 

HOG  ISLAND,  below  Peach  Island,  is  sit 
uated  in  the  Strait  of  Detroit,  where  it  opens 
into  Lake  St.  Clair. 

HOG  ISLAND,  island  of  Lake  Champlain, 
forming  part  of  Franklin  co. 

HOKESVILLE,  t  Lincoln  co.  N.  C. 
HOLDEN,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. ;  6  m. 
NNW.  from  Worcester,  46  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,718. 

HOLDERNESS,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  E. 
side  of  the  Merrimack ;  5  m.  E.  from  Ply 
mouth.  Pop.  1,409. 

HOLE  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
the  E.  side  of  the  Miami,  in  Montgomery  co. 
HOLE    IN  THE  WALL,  v.  Talbot  co. 
Md.  on  E.  shore :  7  m.  S.  from  Easton. 

HOLE  IN  THE  WALL,  remarkable  rock 
in  the  W.  Indies,  in  the  island  of  Abaco.  Lat. 
25°  50'  N. 

HOLE  TOWN,  t.  Barbadoes.  Lon.  58°  31' 
W.;  lat.  13°  12' N. 

HOLLADAYSBURG,  v.  Huntingdon  co 
Pa. ;  3  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Frankstown. 

HOLLAND,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt. ;  68  m.  NNE. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  422. 

HOLLAND,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass. ;  20  m 
ESE.  from  Springfield,  75  WSW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  453. 

HOLLAND,  New,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. ;  12 
m.  ENE.  from  Lancaster,  54  m.  WNW.  from 
Philadelphia. 

HOLLAND,  t.  Erie  co.  N.  Y. ;  20  m.  SE. 
from  Buffalo.  Pop.  1,070. 


292 


HOL— HOP 


HOLLAND  ISLANDS,  in  Chesapeake  Bay, 
Md.  N.  of  Smith's  Island,  and  W.  of  Fishing 

HOLLAND'S  POINT,  cape  on  the  coast 
of  Maryland,  in  the  Chesapeake ;  28  m.  S.  from 
Annapolis.  Lon.  76°  40'  W.;  lat.  38°  42'  N. 

HOLLENBECK'S,  v.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. ; 
152  m.  W.  from  Boston. 

HOLLEY'S  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs 
into  the  Saluda,  Ion.  81°  29'  W. ;  lat.  34°  4'  N. 

HOLLIDAY  COVE,  v.  Brooke  co.  Va. ;  30 
m.  W.  from  Washington,  Pa. 

HOLLINGSWORTH'S  FARM,  v.  Haber- 
sham  co.  Geo. ;  137  m,  N.  from  Milledgeville. 

HOLLINSWORTH'S  FERRY,  v.  Madi 
son  co.  Va. 

HOLLIS,  or  Phillipsburg,  t.  York  co.  Me. 
on  the  Saco;  42  m.  NNE.  from  York,  124 
NNE.  from  Boston,  567  from  W.  Pop.  2,273. 

HOLLIS,  t,  Hillsborough  co,  N.  H. ;  9  m. 
S.  from  Amherst,  40  NW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,501. 

HOLLISTON,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.;  27 
m.  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,304. 

HOLLOW,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 

HOLMES,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me. 

HOLMES'S  HOLE,  a  safe  and  commodious 
harbor  on  N.  side  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  in  the 
township  of  Tisbury ;  80  m.  SSE.  from  Bos 
ton.  It  is  formed  by  West  and  East  Chops ; 
the  former  of  which  is  2£,  and  the  latter  2  m. 
from  the  head  of  the  harbor.  The  points  are 

21  m.  apart.     The  depth  of  water  is  from  3J 
to  8  fathoms.     From  20  to  70  vessels  bound  to 
Boston,  or  the  eastward,  are  frequently  seen 
here  waiting  for  a  fair  wind.     From   about 
1,000  to  1,200  sail  anchor  here  in  the  course 
of  a  year, 

HOLMESBURG,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa. ; 
9  m.  NE.  from  Philadelphia. 

HOLMESVILLE,  t.  Pike  co.Miso.  Pop.  71. 

HOLSTON,  r.  Tennessee,  which  rises  in 
Virginia,  runs  SW.  and  joins  the  Tennessee 

22  m,  below  Knoxville.     It  is  200  m.  long, 
and  navigable  for  boats  of  25  tons  100  m. 

HOLT,  Isle  of,  or  Haute,  isl.  on  E.  side  of 
Penobscot  Bay,  Me, ;  18  m.  E.  from  Owl's 
Head.  Lon.  58°  40'  W. ;  lat.  44°  4'  N. 

HOLT'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into 
the  river  Kentucky,  Ion  94°  18'  W. ;  lat.  38° 
37'  N, 

HOLT'S  STORE,  v.  M'Minn  co.  Ten. ; 
157  m,  from  Murfreesborough. 

HOL  YOKE,  mt.  Mass,  in  Hadley;  3  m. 
ESE.  from  Northampton ;  830  feet  above  the 
surface  of  the  Connecticut  river.  The  top  of 
this  mountain  affords  an  extensive  and  beauti 
ful  view  of  the  surrounding  country.  In  a 
plear  day,  one  may  here  see  the  elevated  peaks 
of  New  Hampshire,  the  Catskill  Mountains  of 
New  York,  and  the  river  as  far  as  Middle- 
town.  On  the  W.  side  there  are  basaltic  col 
umns  similar  to  those  of  the  Giant's  Causeway 
A  road  has  been  made  to  the  summit  of  the 
mountain,  and  it  has  become  a  place  of  resort 
for  parties  of  pleasure,  and  admirers  of  natural 
scenery. 

HOME,  district,  U.  Canada,  comprising  the 
(counties  of  York  and  Simcoe. 


HOMER,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Tioughnioga;  26  m.  S.  from  Onondaga,  145 
W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  3,306. 

HOMER,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  636. 

HOMOCHITTO,  r.  Mis.  which  runs  SW. 
and  flows  into  the  Mississippi  between  Adams 
and  Wilkinson  cos.  above  Fort  Adarns. 

HONDA,  Bay  of,  on  the  coast  of  S.  Ameri 
ca,  in  Santa  Martha.  Lon.  71°  6'  W.;  lat. 
12°  N. 

HONDA  BAY,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Cuba,  70  m.  W.  from  Havana.  Lon.  83°  25' 
W. ;  lat.  22°  58'  N. 

HONDA  BAY,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Hon 
duras,  N.  of  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios. 

HONDO,  r.  Mexico,  in  Texas,  which  runs 
SSE.  and  enters  the  bay  of  Mexico. 

HONDURAS,  t.  Cuba,  63  m.  NE.  from 
Bayamo.  Lon.  76°  4'  W. ;  lat.  21°  21'  N. 

HONDURAS,  province  of  Guatimala,  bound 
ed  N.  by  the  bay  of  Honduras,  W.  by  Vera 
Paz,  E.  by  the  Caribbean  sea,  and  S.  by  the 
province  of  Nicaragua.  It  is  390  miles, long- 
from  E.  to  W.  and  150  from  N.  to  S.  They 
have  three  crops  of  maize  in  the  year.  Honey, 
wool,  cotton,  wax,  mahogany,  and  log-wood, 
with  other  dyeing  drugs,  are  its  chief  products. 

HONDURAS,  Bay  of,  a  large  bay  of  North 
America,  formed  by  the  coast  of  the  province 
of  Honduras  on  the  S.  and  that  of  Yucatan  on 
the  W.  It  is  well  known  from  the  settlements 
which  the  British  have  made  in  it,  for  the  cut 
ting  down  of  mahogany  and  dye-woods.  The 
principal  is  the  town  of  Balize,  on  the  coast  of 
Yucatan,  at  the  mouth  of  Balize  river. 

HONDURAS  CAPE,  or  Punta  de  Custilla, 
cape,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  86°  16'  W. ;  lat.  16°  N. 

HONEYVILLE,  v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 

HONEY  CREEK,  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
Sandusky  river,  15  m.  from  Upper  Sandusky. 

HONEY  CREEK,  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  outlet 
of  a  lake  of  the  same  name. 

HONEY  CREEK,  In.  runs  into  the  E.  side 
of  the  Wabash,  below  Fort  Harrison. 

HOOKSETT  FALLS,  and  v.  Merrimack 
co.  N.  H.  8  m.  below  Concord.  Pop.  880. 

HOOKSTOWN,  v.  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

HOOKSTOWN,  v.  Md.  6  m.  NW.  from 
Baltimore,  and  on  the  road  to  Reisterstown. 

HOOKSTOWN,  Greene  co.  N.  C. 

HOOKSTOWN,  Talbot  co.  Md. ;  3  m.  N. 
from  Easton. 

HOOPER'S  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Bedford 
co.  Ten. ;  70  m.  southwardly  from  Murfrees 
borough. 

HOOPER'S  ISLAND,  E.  side  of  the  Chesa 
peake,  in  Dorchester  co.  Md, ;  E.  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Patuxent. 

HOOSACK,  one  of  the  most  elevated  sum 
mits  of  the  Green  mountain  range,  in  WiL 
liamstown,  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 

HOOSACK  RIVER,  rises  in  Bennington 
eo.  Vt.  and  falls  into  the  Hudson,  8  m.  above 
Waterford. 

HOOSACK,  t.  of  Rensselear  co.  N.  Y. ;  30 
m.  N.  of  Albany,  on  the  E.  side  of  Hudson 
river.  Pop.  3,582. 

HOPE,  t.  Gaspe  co.  L.  C.  on  Chaleur  JJay, 


HOP— HOU 


293 


HOPE,  t,  Durham  co.  U.  Canada,  on  Lake 
Ontario. 

HOPE,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me. ;  35  m.  NE.  from 
Wiscasset  Pop.  1,541. 

HOPE,  small  isl.  Rhode  Island,  in  Narra- 
ganset  Bay. 

HOPE,  t.  Hamilton  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  781. 

HOPE,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

HOPE,  bay,  on  the  NW.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  49°  33'  N. 

HOPE,  t  Warren  co.  N.  J.  a  small  Mora 
vian  settlement,  22  m.  NE.  of  Easton,  Pa. 

HOPEDALE,  one  of  the  missionary  settle 
ments  of  the  United  Brethren,  on  the  coast  of 
Labrador,  S.  of  Okkak. 

HOPEFIELD,  t  Phillips  co.  Arkansas  Ter 
ritory,  on  the  Mississippi,  opposite  Chickasaw 
Bluffs. 

HOPEWELL,  t.  of  New  Brunswick,  in 
Westmoreland  co.  on  a  small  river  flowing  into 
the  Bay  of  Fundy. 

HOPEWELL,  v.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  between 
Canandaigua  and  Geneva.  Pop.  2,202. 

HOPEWELL,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
1,953. 

HOPEWELL,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  NE.  side  of  the  river  Delaware ;  14  m.  E. 
of  Princeton.  Pop.  3,151. 

HOPEWELL,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.  about 
14  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  W. 

HOPEWELL,  v.  York  district,  S.  C. 

HOPEWELL,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
999. 

HOPEWELL,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio ;  5  m.  N. 
from  Somerset.  Pop.  1,510. 

HOPEWELL,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio ;  10 
m.  from  Zanesville. 

HOPKINS,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  5,763.  Chief 
town,  Madisonville. 

HOPKINS,  Point,  cape  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America.  Lat.  53°  5'  N. 

HOPKINSVILLE,  v.  Warren  co.  Ohio. 

HOPKINSVILLE,  v.  Powhatan  co.  Va. 

HOPKINSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Christian  co. 
Ken.  The  public  buildings  are  a  court-house, 
jail,  and  an  academy.  Pop.  1,263. 

HOPKINSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  a  county 
in  Missouri. 

HOPKINTON,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.;  7 
m.  W.  from  Concord,  27  N.  from  Amherst,  58 
WNW.  from  Portsmouth.  It  is  a  valuable 
agricultural  town.  Here  is  a  handsome  vil 
lage.  Pop.  2,474. 

HOPKINTON,  t  Middlesex  co.  Mass. ;  42 
m.  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,809. 

HOPKINTON,  t.  Washington  co.  R.  I. ;  28 
m.  W.  from  Newport.  Pop.  1,777. 

HOPKINTON,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. ; 
37  m.  E.  from  Ogdensburg.  Pop.  827. 

HOPPENY  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs 
NE.  into  E.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah, 
about  14  m.  above  Tunkhannock  creek. 

HORN'S  ISLAND,  small  island  near  the 
coast  of  S.  C. 

HORNELLSVILLE,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 

HORNORSVILLE,  v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 

HORNTOWN,  v.  Accomac  co.  Va. ;  16  m. 
g.  from  Snowhill. 

HORN  ISLAND,  on  the  coast  of  Missis- 


sippi,  W.  of  Dauphin  Island.  It  is  17  miles 
long. 

HORRY,  district,  S.  C.  Pop.  5,323.  Con- 
wayborough  is  the  capital. 

HORSENECK,  in  SW.  part  of  Greenwich, 
t. ;  32  m.  NE.  from  New  York.  A  bloody 
battle  was  fought  here  between  the  Indians 
and  the  Dutch,  in  1646. 

HORSENECK,  v.  Essex  N.  J.  on  S.  side  of 
the  Passaic ;  4  m.  SW.  from  Paterson. 

HORSENECK,  cape,  N.  side  of  Long  Isl 
and,  W.  of  Huntingdon  harbor. 

HORSE  SHOE,  t.  Randolph  co.  Va. 

HORSHAM,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  on  a 
branch  of  the  Neshaminy.  Pop.  1,086. 

HORSIMUS,  v.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  on  W. 
bank  of  the  Hudson,  between  Jersey  City  and 
Hoboken. 

HORVOS,  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  near 
the  N.  coast  of  Yucatan.  Lon.  70°  5'  W. ;  lat. 
21°  10'  N. 

HOSANCOCK  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs 
into  the  Schuylkill. 

HOSICK,  r.  of  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  and 
New  York,  which  rises  in  Bennington  co.  Vt 
and  Berkshire  co.  Mass,  and  falls  into  Hudson 
river  at  the  point  of  separation  between  Rens- 
selaer  and  Washington  cos.  N.  Y. 

HOSICK,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hosick 
river,  31  m.  N.  from  Albany.  Pop.  3,582. 

HOSICK  FALLS,  v.  in  the  NE.  angle  of 
Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  28  m.  NE.  from  Albany. 

HOSPITAL  ISLAND,  formerly  Rainsford's 
Island,  Mass,  included  within  the  township  of 
Hingham ;  6  m.  SE.  from  Boston.  Here  is  a 
hospital  for  the  reception  of 'seamen  and  others 
infected  with  contagious  disorders. 

HOT  SPRINGS,  in  Bath  co.  Va.;  7  m. 
SW.  from  Warm  Springs.  The  water  at  this 
spring  has  been  so  hot  as  to  boil  an  egg.  It 
raises  the  thermometer  to  112°,  and  is  useful 
in  some  complaints. 

HOUGHTON,  t.  Norfolk  co.  U.  Canada,  on 
Lake  Erie. 

HOUGHTON,  Port,  harbor  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America,  between  Points  Hobart  and 
Walpole.  Lat.  57°  20'  N. 

HOUNSFIELD,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. ;  78 
m.  N.  from  Utica,  176  NW.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
3,415.  It  lies  E.  of  Lake  Ontario,  on  Hungry 
Bay,  and  S.  of  Black  river.  Sacket's  Harbor 
is  in  this  town. 

HOUSATONNUC,  r.  which  rises  from  two 
sources,  both  in  Berkshire  co.  Mass,  one  in 
Lanesborough,  the  other  in  Windsor.  These 
branches  unite  in  Pittsfield,  and  pursuing  a 
southerly  course  of  about  150  m.  it  flows  into 
Long  Island  Sound  between  Strafford  and  Mil- 
ford.  Towards  its  entrance  into  the  sound,  it 
is  called  Strafford  river.  It  is  navigable  for 
small  vessels  to  Derby,  12  m.  Between  Canaan 
and  Salisbury  it  has  falls  of  about  60  feet  per 
pendicular. 

HOUSTON'S,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C.  138  m. 
W.  from  Raleigh. 

HOUSTONVILLE,  v.  Iredell  co.  N.  C.  172 
m.  W.  from  Raleigh. 

HOUSTONVILLE,  v.  Pendleton  district, 
S.  C.  184  m.  NW.  from  Columbia. 


294 


HOW— HUN 


HOWARD,  t,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on  Cams- 
ter  river,  18  m.  W.  from  Bath.  Pop.  2,364. 

HOWARD,  t.  Kent  co.  U.  Canada,  running 
from  the  Thames  to  Lake  Erie. 

HOWARD,  NW.  co.  of  Missouri,  lying  N. 
from  Missouri  river.  Pop.  10,844.  Fayette 
is  the  capital. 

HOWELL,  t  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 

HOWELL'S  STORE,  v.  Clarke  co.  Ala. 

ROWLAND,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
722. 

HOYLESVILLE,  v.  Lincoln  co.  N.C. 

HUAMELUA,  t.  Mexico,  in  Oaxaca,  45 
leagues  SE.  from  Mexico.  Lon.  95°  44'  W. ; 
lat.  16°  13'  N. 

HUBBARD,  t  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  16  m. 
SE.  from  Warren.  Pop.  1,085. 

HUBBARDSTOWN,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
Pop.  1,674.  It  is  situated  on  a  branch  of  the 
river  Ware,  45  m.  W.  from  Boston. 

HUBBARDSTOWN,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  40 
m.  NW.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  865. 

HUBERT,  Seigniory,  Quebec  co.  L.  C. 

HUDSON,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  Co 
lumbia  co.  N.  Y.  is  situated  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Hudson  river,  which  is  navigable  to  this 
place  for  the  largest  ships,  29  m.  S.  from  Al 
bany  130  m.  N.  from  New  York,  and  335  m. 
from  W.  Lat.  42°  14'  N.  Pop.  5,392.  The 
site  of  Hudson  is  a  high  point,  projecting  into 
the  river.  The  city  is  regularly  laid  out,  the 
streets  are  spacious,  and  cross  each  other  at 
right  angles.  It  contains  1  bank,  4  printing- 
offices,  and  4  houses  of  public  worship,  for 
Friends,  Presbyterians,  Methodists,  and  Epis 
copalians.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade 
and  manufactures,  containing  establishments 
for  the  manufacture  of  cotton  and  woollen, 
calico  printing  and  bleaching.  There  are  4 
newspapers  published  here. 

HUDSON  RIVER,  N.  Y.  one  of  the  best 
for  navigation  in  America,  rises  in  the  moun 
tainous  region,  W.  of  Lake  Champlain,  and 
pursuing  a  straight  course  a  little  W.  of  S.  for 
more  than  300  m.  communicates  with  the  At 
lantic,  below  New  York  city.  It  has  three  re 
markable  expansions,  Tappan  bay  or  sea,  Hav- 
erstraw  bay,  and  a  third  between  Fishkill  and 
New  Windsor.  Its  only  large  tributary  is 
Mohawk  river.  The  other  waters  flowing  into 
it  are  mere  mill-streams. 

HUDSON,  v.  Caswell  co.  N.  C. 

HUDSON,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  NW. 
from  Ravenna,  23  m.  SE.  from  Cleveland. 

HUDSON'S  BAY,  a  large  bay  of  North 
America,  extending  from  Ion.  78°  to  95°  W. ; 
and  from  lat.  52°  to  68°  N.  The  Hudson's 
bay  company  have  several  settlements  and 
forts,  especially  on  the  west  coast,  where  their 
agents  carry  on  a  traffic  with  the  Indians  for 
beaver-skins,  and  other  valuable  furs. 

HUDSON'S  HOUSE,  one  of  the  Hudson's 
bay  company's  factories,  in  N.  America,  on 
the  Saskatchawine.  Lon.  106°  27'  20"  W. ; 
lat  53°  0'  32"  N. 

HUDSON  POINT,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  N.  America,  a  little  within  the  entrance  of 
Admiralty  inlet,  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia.  Lon 
237°  33'  E.;  lat.  48"  8'  N. 


HUDSON'S  STRAITS,  the  narrow  sea  be- 
;ween  the  Atlantic  ocean  and  Hudson's  bay, 
N.  of  Labrador. 

HUEJUTTA,  city,  Mexico,  210  m.  NE. 
from  Mexico.  Lon.  274°  15'  W. ;  lat.  22°  35'  N. 

HUGHSVILLE,  v.  Patrick  co.  Va. 

HULINGSBURG,  v.  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 

HULL,  t.  York  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  Ot 
tawa  river. 

.HULL,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass,  on  the  S.  side 
of  Boston  harbor,  9  m.  E.  from  Boston,  36  m. 
N.  from  Plymouth.  Pop.  196. 

HULL'S  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Harford  co. 
Md. 

HUMBER,  r.  Newfoundland,  which  falls 
into  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  through  the 
Bay  of  Islands. 

HUMBER,  small  river  of  U.  C.  in  York  co. 
falls  into  Lake  Ontario,  a  short  distance  W.  of 
York. 

HUMBERSTONE,  t.  Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  on 
lake  Erie. 

HUME,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  951. 

HUMMELSTOWN,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on 
Swetara  creek,  10  m.  E.  from  Harrisburg. 

HUMPHREYS,  co.  W.  Ten.  Pop.  6,189. 
Chief  town,  Reynoldsburg. 

HUMPHREYSVILLE,  v.  in  Derby,  New. 
Haven  co.  Ct.  on  the  Naugatuck,  4  m.  above 
its  confluence  with  the  Housatonnuc.  Here 
are  a  woollen  factory,  cotton  factory,  and  seve 
ral  mills.  At  this  place,  merino  sheep  were 
first  introduced  into  the  United  States  in  1801, 
by  general  Humphreys. 

HUMPHREYSVILLE,  v.  Union  co.  S.  C. 

HUMPHREYSVILLE,  v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

HUNDRED  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  James  river.  Lon.  77°  16'  W. ;  lat  37° 
10' N. 

HUNGERFORD,  t.  U.  C.  in  Hastings  co. 

HUNGRY  BAY,  bay,  on  the  E.  end  of 
Lake  Ontario,  on  which  Sacket's  Harbor  ia 
situated. 

HUNGRYTOWN,  v.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. ; 
33  m.  E.  from  Marysville. 

HUNTER,  Cape,  on  the  SW.  coast  of  New 
Georgia.  Lon.  160°  3'  E. ;  lat.  9°  42'  N. 

HUNTER,  formerly  Greenland,  t  Greene 
co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  1,960. 

HUNTERSTOWN,  v.  York  co.  Pa.;  25  m. 
W.  from  York. 

HUNTERDON,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  NW.  by 
Sussex  co.  N.  by  Morris  co.  E.  by  Somerset 
co.  SE.  by  Burlington  co.  and  SW.  by  the 
Delaware.  Pop.  31,066.  Chief  town,  Trenton. 

HUNTERSTOWN,  t.  St.  Maurice  co.KC. 
28  m.  NW.  from  Three  Rivers. 

HUNTERSTOWN,  v.  York  co.  Pa.  25  m, 
W.  from  York. 

HUNTERSVILLE,  v.  Pocahontas  co.  Va. 

HUNTERSVILLE,  v.  Lincoln  co.  N.  C. 

HUNTING  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
the  Potomac,  at  the  S.  corner  of  Columbia  dis. 
trict. 

HUNTING  CREEK  TOWN,  v.  Dorches 
ter  co.  Md.  18  m.  NE.  from  Cambridge. 

HUNTING  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small 
islands  in  the  Atlantic,  nrar  Port  Royal,  in 
S.C. 


HUN— ILL 


295 


HUNTINGDON,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

HUNTINGDON,  t.  Hastings  co.  U.C. 

HUNTINGDON,  co.  Pa.  inclosed  by  the 
counties  of  Centre,  Mifflin,  Franklin,  Bedford, 
and  Cambria.  Pop.  27,159.  Chief  town,  Hunt 
ingdon. 

HUNTINGDON,  t.  and  cap.  Huntingdon 
co.  Pa.  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Juniatta,  50  m. 
above  its  mouth,  129  m.  E.  from  Pittsburg, 
186  m.  W.  from  Philadelphia,  148  from  W. 

HUNTINGDON,  v.  Carroll  co.  Ten. 

HUNTINGDON,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio. 

HUNTING  SOUND,  channel  on  the  coast 
of  N.  C.  between  Core  bank  and  the  main. 

HUNTINGTON,  t  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  15 
m.  SE.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  929. 

HUNTINGTON,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  the 
Housatonnuc,  which  separates  it  from  Derby, 
17  m.' W.  from  New-Haven.  Pop.  1,369. 

HUNTINGTON,  t.  Suffolk  co.  on  Long- 
Island,  N.  Y.  40  m.  E.  from  New  York.  Pop. 
5,582.  It  extends  across  the  island  from  the 
sound  to  the  Atlantic,  and  contains  5  houses 
of  public  worship  and  an  academy.  The  vil 
lage  of  Huntington  is  built  on  a  bay  which 
sets  up  from  the  sound  between  Eaton's  neck 
on  the  E.  and  Lloyd's  neck  on  the  W.  On 
Eaton's  neck  is  a  light-house. 

HUNTINGTON,  v.  Laurens  district,  S.  C. 

HUNTINGTON,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  15  m. 
NW.  from  Gallipolis.  Pop.  694. 

HUNTINGTON,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Scioto,  3  m.  S.  from  Chillicothe.  Pop.  590. 

HUNTINGTON,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,165. 

HUNTINGTOWN,  t.  Calvert  co.  Md.  on 
Hunting  creek,  22  m.  NE.  from  Port  Tobacco, 
40  m.  from  Annapolis. 

HUNTSBURG,  v.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  near 
the  line  that  divides  this  state  from  L.  C.  at 
the  distance  of  about  12  m.  E.  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain. 

HUNTSBURG,  v.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  250  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus. 

HUNT'S  MILLS,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 

HUNTSVILLE,  v.  Surrey  co.  N.  C. 

HUNTSVILLE,  v.  Laurens  district,  S.  C. 

HUNTSVILLE,  v.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y. 

HUNTSVILLE,  v.  Robertson  co.  Ten. 

HUNTSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Madison  co. 
Alabama. 

HURLEY,  t  Ulster  co.  N.  Y. 

HURON,  one  of  the  five  great  lakes,  com 
monly  called  the  lakes  of  Canada.  It  is  in  the 
form  of  a  triangle ;  the  SW.  and  NE.  sides  of 
which  are  about  200  m.  that  of  the  SE.  110 
m.  It  is  almost  separated  into  two  lakes  by 
a  chain  of  islands,  extending  from  its  NW. 
to  SE.  side.  This  chain  retains  its  Indian 
name  of  Manitoulin,  or  Islands  of  the  Evil 
Spirit,  Lake  Huron  receives  the  discharge  of 
Lake  Superior,  by  St.  Mary's  strait ;  that  of 
Lake  Michigan  by  the  straits  of  Michillimacki- 
nack^  that  of  Nipesing  by  the  river  du  Fran 
cois,  and  discharges  the  accumulated  mass  into 
the  river  St.  Clair.  It  is  1,000  miles  in  cir 
cumference. 


HURON,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  Lake 
Erie,  6  m.  E.  from  Sandusky  bay. 

HURON  OF  ST.  CLAIR,  r.  Michigan  ter 
ritory,  which  issues  from  a  chain  of  small 
lakes  in  the  neighborhood  of  Pontiac,  and  flows 
into  Lake  St.  Clair,  about  20  m.  above  Detroit. 

HURON  OF  SUPERIOR,  r.  NW.  Territory, 
which  runs  into  Lake  Superior,  and  is  60  yards 
wide  at  its  mouth. 

HURON,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Lake  Erie,  E.  by  Cuyahoga  and  Medina  cos. 
S.  by  Richland,  and  W.  by  Seneca  and  San- 
dusky  cos.  It  includes  all  the  tract  designated 
by  the  appellation  of  Fire-lands.  Chief  town, 
Norwalk.  Pop.  13,345. 

HURON,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  on  the  kke 
shore ;  distance  47  m.  westerly  from  Cleveland, 
and  110  N.  by  E.  from  Columbus.  Pop.  480. 

HURRICANE  SHOALS,  v.  Jackson  co. 
Geo.  91  m.  NNW.  from  Milledgeville. 

HURRICANE,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Miso. 

HUTTONSVILLE,  v.  Randolph  co.  Va.on 
Roaring  creek,  and  on  the  road  from  Clarks 
burg  to  Beverly,  35  m.  SSE.  from  the  former. 

HYANNIS,  bay  of  Mass.  Barnstable  co. 
sets  up  from  the  Atlantic  ocean,  between  Yar 
mouth  and  Barnstable. 

HYANNIS,  t.  on  Hyannis  bay,  Barnstable 
co.  Mass.;  97  m  SE.  from  Boston. 

HYATTSTOWN,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
on  the  road  from  Fredericktown  to  W. ;  33  m. 
NW.  from  the  latter,  and  15  SSE.  from  the 
former.  It  is  a  small  village,  of  a  single  street 
of  about  30  houses,  along  the  main  road. 

HYDE,  co.  on  the  coast  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
6,177.  Lake  Landing  is  the  seat  of  justice. 

HYDE  PARK,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  34  in.  N 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  373. 

HYDE  PARK,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Hudson  river,  8  m.  above  Poughkeepsie.  Pop. 
2,554. 

HYDE  PARK,  v.  Halifax  eo.  N.  C.  79  m. 
NE.  from  Raleigh. 

I. 

IBERIA,  New,  v.  Louisiana,  in  the  district 
of  Attakapas,  200  m.  W.  of  New  Orleans. 

IBERVILLE,  or  Bayou  Manchac,  r.  La. 
one  of  the  outlets  of  the  Mississippi.  It  leaves 
the  main  stream  at  Manchac,  20  m.  below 
Baton  Rouge,  and  after  an  E.  course  of  20 
miles,  receives  Amite  river  j  thence  its  course 
is  SE.  40  miles,  until  it  joins  Lake  Maurepas. 
It  is  navigable  three  months  in  the  year  for 
vessels  drawing  3  or  4  feet  water,  but  during 
the  rest  of  the  year,  it  is  entirely  dry,  from  the 
Mississippi  to  the  mouth  of  the  Amite  river. 

IBERVILLE,  co.  La.  on  both  sides  of  the 
Mississippi,  south  from  Baton  Rouge.  Pop. 
7,050. 

IBERVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Hjerville  co.  La. 
on  the  Mississippi ;  100  m.  above  New  Orleans. 
1,256  m.  from  W. 

ILLINOIS,  r.  II.  is  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  Kankakee  and  the  Despknes,  and  travers 
ing  the  state  in  a  SW.  direction  nearly  400  m. 
joins  the  Mississippi  in  Ion.  90°  18'  W. ;  and 
lat.  38°  58'  23"  N.  18  m.  above  the  Missouri.  It 


296 


ILL— IND 


is  400  yards  wide  at  its  mouth,  has  a  gentle 
current,  unbroken  by  rapids,  and  is  navigable 
for  boats  throughout  its  course.  It  is  proposed 
to  connect  the  Desplanes  with  the  Chicago,  a 
river  of  Michigan,  by  a  canal. 

ILLINOIS,  one  of  the  U.  S.    See  page  142. 

ILLINOIS,  r.  Arkansas,  flows  S.  and  joins 
the  Arkansas,  4  m.  above  Canadian  river.  On 
the  banks  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth  are  salt 
springs. 

ILLINOIS,  r.  Arkansas,  on  which  is  the 
settlement  of  Dwight. 

INDEPENDENCE,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y. 
Pop.  877. 

INDEPENDENCE,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  J. 
Pop.  2,126. 

INDEPENDENCE,  t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Oliio. 
Pop.  245. 

INDEPENDENCE,  t.  and  cap.  Bond  co. 
II.  on  Kaskaskia  river. 

INDIANA,  co.  Pa.  bounded  by  Westmore 
land  SW.  Armstrong  W.  Jefferson  N.  Clear 
field  NE.  and  Cambria  SE.  Length  33  miles, 
breadth  23.  Pop.  14,251.  Chief  town,  In 
diana. 

INDIANA,  t.  and  cap.  Indiana  co.  Pa.  26 
m.  SE.  from  Kittaning,  270  from  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  433. 


INDIANA,  one  of  the  U.  S.    See  page  139, 

INDIANAPOLIS,  t.  Marion  co.  and  cap. 
of  Indiana,  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  White 
river,  in  the  centre  of  one  of  the  most  exten 
sive  and  fertile  bodies  of  land  in  the  western 
world;  nearly  central  to  the  state,  and  at  a 
point  accessible  by  steam-boats,  in  common 
stages  of  the  Wabash.  No  river  in  America, 
according  to  its  size  and  extent,  waters  greater 
bodies  of  fertile  land,  than  White  river.  The 
country  is  settling  about  this  town  with  unex 
ampled  rapidity.  But  a  few  years  since,  it  was 
a  solid  and  deep  forest,  where  the  surprised 
traveller  now  sees  the  buildings  of  a  metropo 
lis,  compact  streets  and  squares  of  brick  build 
ings,  respectable  public  buildings,  manufacto 
ries,  mechanic  shops,  printing-offices,  business 
and  bustle.  Such  is  the  present  aspect  of 
Indianapolis,  which  contains  200  houses,  and 
1,200  inhabitants.  It  will,  probably,  become 
one  of  the  largest  towns  between  Cincinnati 
and  the  Mississippi. 

INDIAN-TOWN,  v.  Dorchester  co.  Md. 
3  m.  SW.  from  Newmarket. 

INDIAN-TOWN,  t.  Currituck  co.  N.  C. 
52  m.  ENE.  from  Edenton. 

INDIAN-TOWN,  t.  Williamsburg  co.  S.C. 


WEST-INDIA  PRODUCTIONS. 


INDIES,  West.  This  is  a  long  chain  of 
Islands,  that  stretch  in  the  form  of  an  arch  or 
bow,  between  North  and  South  America,  from 
the  Gulf  of  Florida,  to  that  of  Venezuela. 
They  are  called  by  some  geographers  the  Co 
lumbian  Archipelago.  They  have  been  called 
Antilles  from  the  Latin  ante  insulas.  They 
are  often  called  Caribbees,  and  by  the  North 
Americans,  the  West  Indies.  They  are  divid 
ed  into  the  greater  and  less  Antilles,  and  some 
times  into  the  windward  and  leeward  islands. 
These  islands,  with  the  exception  of  Hayti  and 
Margarita,  belong  to  different  European  states, 
chiefly  to  Great  Britain,  Spain,  and  France. 
The  four  Great  Antilles,  namely,  Cuba,  Hayti, 
Jamaica,  and  Porto  Rico,  are  the  largest  and 
most  important.  Some  of  the  most  considera 
ble  of  the  Caribbee  Isles,  are  Guadeloupe,  Mar 
tinique  or  Martinico,  and  Barbadoes.  The  Ba 
hama  Islands  are  numerous,  but  not  very  im 
portant.  One  of  them,  now  called  Cat  Island, 
is  celebrated  for  being  the  first  land  in  America 
that  was  seen  by  Columbus.  There  are  moun 


tains  on  all  the  larger  islands  of  this  Archipel 
ago.  The  highest  are  on  the  west  of  St.  Do 
mingo,  the  east  of  Cuba,  and  the  north  of  Ja 
maica.  Volcanoes  have  been  observed  in  Gua- 
daloupe,  and  some  other  isknds.  Their  gen. 
eral  geological  feature  is  abrupt  transition  from 
mountains  to  plains,  marked  by  steep  and 
craggy  rocks.  Coral  and  madrepore  rocks  are 
common  on  the  different  coasts.  Cuba,  and 
the  Bahamas  are  surrounded  by  labyrinths  of 
low  rocks,  several  of  which  are  covered  with 
palm  trees.  These  islands  are  generally  situ 
ated  under  the  tropic  of  Cancer,  and  there  is 
very  little  difference  in  the  climate;  so  that 
the  observations  touching  one  of  them  will 
generally  apply  to  the  whole.  The  periodical 
rains,  which  give  birth  to  the  spring  of  the 
country,  commence  in  May,  and  the  brown  of 
vegetation  changes  to  a  deep  verdure.  The 
periodical  rains  fall  about  noon,  and  cause  a 
luxuriant  vegetation.  The  medium  standing 
of  the  thermometer  is  78°  Fahr.  These  show 
ers  are  followed  by  the  splendor  of  tropical 


IND— IND 


297 


summer.  The  sky  is  nearly  cloudless,  and  the 
heat  would  be  almost  insupportable,  but  for  the 
sea  breeze.  The  moon  emits  a  light,  by  which 
a  person  can  see  to  read  the  smallest  print  by 
night.  The  thermometer  now  often  rises  above 
90°,  and  suffocating  calms  announce  the  re- 
approach  of  the  great  periodical  rains.  Fiery 
clouds  are  seen  in  the  atmosphere,  and  the 
mountains  seem  nearer,  than  at  other  times. 
The  rains  fall  in  torrents.  It  is  said,  that  87 
inches  fell  in  one  year.  Iron  rusts  rapidly ; 
humidity  is  great,  and  the  inhabitants  live  in 
a  kind  of  vapor  bath.  The  climate  is  then  re 
laxing,  unwholesome,  and  dangerous  to  a  Eu 
ropean.  Putrid  and  yellow  fever  ensues,  as 
some  say  from  miasma,  and  others  whimsical 
ly  affirm  from  lunar  influence.  It  is  now  gen 
erally  believed  not  to  be  contagious,  and  less 
dangerous  on  elevated,  than  marshy  districts. 
The  temperate  zone  of  the  Antilles  commences 
at  1,400  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The 
mountains  at  an  elevation  of  4000  feet  are 
subject  to  mists  and  rains.  Most  of  the  wild 
animals  indigenous  to  this  climate  are  of  a 
smaller  size.  The  scorpion  is  found  only  in 
the  large  islands.  Negroes  are  sometimes  ex 
posed  to  the  murderous  bite  of  the  cayman  or 
crocodile.  Parrots  of  various  species  glitter 
in  the  woods,  and  innumerable  aquatic  birds 
congregate  on  the  shores.  Humming  birds, 
darting  along  the  bright  flowers,  vie  in  their 
plumage  with  the  flowers,  the  emerald  and 
ruby.  All  the  tropical  plants,  shrubs  and  trees 
are  natives  of  this  climate.  A  canoe  made 
from  a  single  trunk  of  a  cotton  tree,  has  been 
known  to  contain  a  hundred  persons ;  and  the 


leaf  of  one  species  of  palm  will  shade  five  or 
six  men.  The  palmetto,  or  mountain  cabbage 
tree,  grows  200  feet  high,  and  its  verdant  sum 
mit  trembles  from  the  slightest  breeze.  A 
splendid  variety  of  the  noblest  trees  graces  the 
plantations.  Lemon,  orange  and  pomegranate 
trees  perfume  the  air  with  the  aroma  of  their 
flowers ;  while  their  branches  are  loaded  with 
fruit.  The  apple,  peach  and  grape  ripen  in 
the  mountains.  The  date,  sapota,  sapotilla, 
mammee,  rose  apple,  mango,  different  species 
of  spondias  and  annonas,  and  most  of  the  ori 
ental  tropical  fruits  ripen  on  the  sultry  plains. 
We  should  not  have  space  to  enumerate  the 
splendid  varieties  of  flowering  shrubs,  opuntias, 
thistles,  and  lianes.  The  polypodium  arboreum, 
at  a  distance,  might  be  mistaken  for  the  palm 
tree,  on  account  of  its  lofty  trunk,  and  the 
broad  leaves  on  its  summit.  Lignumvitas, 
wintera-canela,  cinchona  caribea,  wild  vanilla, 
aloes,  arnatto,  and  pimento  are  all  either  indi 
genous,  or  cultivated  here.  The  igname  and 
potato,  manioc  and  angola  peas  are  the  food 
of  the  negroes.  Sugar  cane  of  the  various 
species  is  the  well  known  and  most  abundant 
production  of  these  islands.  No  conflagration 
is  more  rapid  or  alarming  than  a  fire  in  a  dry 
cane  field,  which  frequently  occurs.  Two  va 
rieties  of  the  cotton,  the  green  seed  and  the 
small  seed,  are  the  most  common  kinds  culti 
vated.  The  coffee  of  the  country  is  a  native 
of  Arabia  Felix.  It  seldom  bears  before  the 
third  season  ;  sometimes  not  till  the  sixth.  It 
never  lasts  more  than  30  years,  and  frequently 
decays  before  that  time.  A  single  plant  pro 
duces  from  one  to  four  pounds. 


TABULAR  VIEW 
OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  WEST-INDIA  ISLANDS. 


Caribbee  Islands.  Great  Antilles.  Bahamas. 

'  Bahama    

Belonging  to 

Sq.  ins. 

.  .   5,500  . 

Pop. 
...   16,000. 

Chief  towns. 

.  .  .  Nassau 

Providence 

.  .Independent. 

..28,000. 
..50,000. 
.  .   6,400. 

...935,000. 
...704,000. 
...386,000. 
...225,000. 

...126,000. 
...    36,000. 
...    33,000. 
...    24,000. 
...    19,000. 
...    14,000. 
...    12,000. 
.  .  .      8,000  . 
...      7,000. 
...    11,000. 
.  .  .      8,000  . 
.  .  .      8,000  . 
.  .  .      6,000  . 
.  .  .      5,000  . 
800, 

.  .  .  Port  au  Prince 
.  .  .  Havana 

.  .  .  Kingston 
...  St.  Juan 

...Basse  Terre 
...  St.  John's 
.  .  .  Santa  Cruz 
.  .  .  Basse  Terre 
.  .  .  Roseau 
...The  Bay 
...Basse  Terre 
.  .  .  Plymouth 
.  .  .  Road  Harbor 
.  .  .  Charlestown 
.  .  .  Gustavia 

'Hayti  . 

Cuba  

.  .  Spain  

Jamaica 

L.  Porto  Rico 

Spain    .    ... 

.    4.000  • 

r  Guadaloupe  .  .    . 

Leeward  Islands. 
..France  675. 

Antiffua 

93. 

Santa  Cruz 

..       100. 

St.  Christopher  .  . 
Dominica 

70. 

29. 

St  Eustatia 

Holland  

22. 

Ma  rie  °*al  ante 

Prance  .... 

90. 

Montserrat    .  . 

.  .  Britain  

78. 

Tortola    &rc 

Britain      . 

90. 

Nevis 

.   Britain  

20. 

St.  Bartholomew  . 

60. 

Britain 

80. 

St  Mctrtin 

Holland  

90. 

St.  Thomas  .... 

.  .  Denmark  .  .  . 

40. 
30. 

IND-ISL 
TABULAR  VIEW—  Continued. 

Windward  Islands. 
Belonging  to  Sq.  ma.  Pop. 

Martinique France 370 ....  102,000 

Barbadoes Britain 166 . 

Grenada Britain. ......       110 . 

Trinidad Britain 1,700 . 

St.  Vincent.  .        .  .Britain. 130 . 


St.  Lucia Britain 

Tobago Britain 

Margarita Colombia 

.  Curacoa Holland , 

INDUSTRY,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  13  m.  W, 
from  Norridgewock.  Pop.  902. 

INGLESVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Va. 

INTERIOR  PARISH,  v.  La  Fourche  co. 
La,  - 

IONIA,  v,  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.,  NW.  from 
Salina,  and  157  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

IOWA  TOWN,  t.  NW.  Territory,  on  E. 


side  of  the  river  Mississippi. 
lat.  40°  30'  N. 


Lon.91°15' W.; 


IOWA,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the  Missis 
sippi,  lat.  40°  38'  N. 

IOWA,  Upper,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  40  m.  N.  from  Ouisconsin. 

IPSWICH,  r.  Mass,  which  rises  in  Wilming 
ton,  runs  NE.  and  flows  into  Ipswich  harbor. 

IPSWICH,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Essex  co. 
Mass..  12  m..NNE..from  Salem,  12  SSW.  from 
Newburyport,  27  NNE.  from  Boston.  Lon.  70° 
51'  W.;  lat.  42°  41'  N.  Pop.  2,951.  Here  are 
sereral  churches  for  Congregationalists,  and 
also  a  society  of  Baptists.  The  village  stands 
en  the  N.  side  of  Ipswich  river,  about  a  mile 
from  ks  mouth,  and  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  a  free  grammar  school,  and  other  public 
buildings.  Here  is  an  exeeflent  stone  bridge 
across  the  river.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable 
maritime  trade,  and  does  some  ship-building. 

IRA,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  40  m.  W.  from 
Windsor.  Pop.  442. 

IRA,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.,  N.  from  Seneca 
river,  and  about  20  m.  a  little  E.  of  N.  from 
Auburn. 

IRASBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  50 


m.  NNE.  from  Montpelier,  568  from  W. 
860.     It  is  watered  by  Black  river. 


Pop. 


IREDELL,  co.  N.  C.  Pop.  15,262.  States- 
ville  is  the  chief  town. 

IRELAND,  v.  Hampden  co.  Mass. 

IRONDEQUOT,  bay  of  Lake  Ontario,  Mon 
roe  co.  N.  Y. 

IRONDEQUOT,  creek,  Monroe  co.  N,  Y. 
discharges  its  waters  into  the  bay  of  the  same 
name.  The  Grand  Western  Canal  of  New 
York  crosses  this  creek,  by  very  expensive 
and  massive  works. 

IRON  MOUNTAINS,,  local  term  for  that 
ridge  of  the  Apalachian  chain,  which  sepa 
rates  North  Carolina  from  Tennessee. 

IROQUOIS,  Pointe  Aux,  St.  Lawrence  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  6  or  7  miles 
above  the  Rapid  Plat.  It  is  advantageously 
situated  for  commanding  the  passage  up  and 
down  the  St.  Lawrence. 


225 
140, 
350 
600 


101,000. 
29,000 . 
52,000 . 
25,000 . 
18,000. 
14,000, 
15,000. 
12,000 . 


Chief  town* 

.St.  Pierre 
.  Bridgetown 
.  St.  George 
.Port  of  Spain 
, ,  Kingston 
.  Carenage 
.  Scarborough 
, .  Ascension 
, .  Williamstadt 


IRVILLE,  v.  Muskmgum  co.  Ohio. 

IRWIN,  co.  Georgia,  bounding  Florida. 

IRWINTON,  t.  Wilkinson  co.  Geo.  18  m, 
S.  by  W.  from  Milledgeville.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  and  a  Methodist  meeting 
house. 

ISAAC'S  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,,  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio,  1  mile  below  Manchester. 

ISBELLSVILLE,  v.  Todd  co.  Ken. 

ISINGLASS,  r.  N.  H.  which  flows  into  the 
Chocheco. 

ISLAND  CREEK,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio. 

ISLE  AUX  NOIX,  an  island  in  Sorel  r. 
L.  C.  about  10  m.  from  Lake  Champlain. 

ISLEBOROUGH,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me. 

ISLE  OF  BEEVES,  isl.  N.  America,  in  the 
Bay  of  Campeachy,  17  m.  long,  and  8  broad, 
It  is  fertile,  and  abounds  in  cattle  and  fruits. 

ISLE  OF  HOOKSET  FALLS,  N.  H.  on 
the  Merrimack,  between  Dunbarton  and  Ches 
ter,  400  rods  below  the  entrance  of  Suncook 
river,  8  m.  above  Amoskeag  Falls,  8  S.  by  E. 
from  Concord.  These  falls  are  shunned  by  a 
canal,  and  a  bridge  is  erected  across  the  river 
at  the  falls,  over  which  passes  the  Londonderry 
turnpike.  Here  is  a  small  village,  containing 
a  post-office. 

ISLE  JESUS,  isl.  and  seigniory,  Emngham 
co.  L.  C.  It  is  situated  NE.  from  the  island  of 
Montreal  with  an  intervening  channel  of  St.- 
Lawrence  river. 

ISLE  OF  ORLEANS,  isl.  co.  and  seign 
iory,  L.  C.  in  St.  Lawrence  river,  commencing; 
4  m.  below  Quebec. 

ISLE  ROYAL,  long  island  of  Lake  Supe 
rior,  100  m.  long,  and  40  wide  in  some  places. 

ISLE  DE  ST.  JOHN,  Seigniory,  Devon  co. 
L.  C.  on  the  SE.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  45 
m.  below  Quebec. 

ISLE  DU  PORTAGE,  Seigniory,  Cornwal- 
lis  co.  L.  C.  on  the  SE.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
85  m.  below  Quebec. 

ISLE  OF  SHOALS,  a  cluster  of  small 
islands  near  the  coast  of  New  Hampshire,  be 
tween  Newburyport  and  Portsmouth,  belong 
ing  to  New  Hampshire  and  Maine.  The  New 
Hampshire  portion  constitutes  the  township  of 
Gosport.  They  are  barren  heaps  of  sand  and 
rocks,  with  hardly  a  green  sod  upon  them,  yet 
were  once  populous  and  wealthy.  The  inhab 
itants  live  solely  by  fishing,  and  the  Isle  of 
Shoals  dun-fish  are  well  known  as  the  best 
cured  cod  in  the  world.  They  have  now  about 
100  inhabitants,  and  a  light-house^has  been  re- 


ISL-JAC 


299 


tsently  built  here.  A  cave  is  still  shown  upon 
one  of  them,  in  which  one  of  the  female  inhab 
itants  secreted  herself  when  the  islands  were 
invaded  by  the  Indians.  The  celebrated  cap- 
tain  Smith  discovered  these  islands,  and  they 
were  formerly  called  Smith's  Isles. 

ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  co.  Va,  bounded  by 
Nansemond  SE.  by  Biackwater  river  or  South 
ampton  SW.  Surrey  NW.  and  James  river  NE. 
Length  30  m.  mean  width  15.  Chief  town, 
Smithfield.  Pop.  in  1820,  10,139;  in  1830, 
10,517. 

ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  v.  Isle  of  Wight  co. 
Va.  30  m.  W.  from  Norfolk,  and  89  SE.  from 
Richmond,  Lat.  36°  50'  N.;  Ion.  from  W. 
28' E. 

ISLIP,  t.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on  Long  Island. 

ISTAPA,  t.  Mexico,  in  the  province  of  Cu- 
liacan,  40  m.  E.  by  S.  of  Culiacan. 

ITALY,  t.  Yates  co.  N.  Y. 

ITHACA,  t,  and  cap.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 
on  Cayuga  Lake.  Pop.  5,270.  It  has  several 
manufactories,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
•scenery.  There  are  some  beautiful  cataracts 
in  the  neighborhood.  Distance  from  W.  290  m. 

IXWORTH,  t.  Cornwallis  co.  L.  C.  63  m. 


NE.  from  Quebec. 
IZQUINTENANNO, 


t.    Mexico,    in   the 


province  of  Chiapa.  The  country  about  it  pro 
duces  cotton  and  a  great  quantity  of  pine-ap 
ples.  It  is  100  m.  SE.  of  Chiapa. 

J. 

JACKSON,  t.  Waldo  co.  Maine,  23  m.  NW. 
from  Castine.  Pop.  493. 

JACKSON,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y. 

JACKSON,  v.  Louisa  co.  Va, 

JACKSON,  co.  Geo.  bounded  by  Clark  SE. 
Walton  SW.  Hall  and  Habersham  NW.  and 
Franklin  and  Madison  NE.  Length  25  m. 
mean  width  20  m.  Chief  town,  Jefferson.  Pop. 
in  1820,  8,355;  in  1830,  9,000,  of  whom  2,816 
are  colored. 

JACKSON,  co.  of  Ohio,  around  the  Scioto 
salt  works,  bounded  by  Lawrence  S.  'Scioto 
SW.  Pike  W.  Ross  NW.  Hocking  N.  Athens 
NE.  and  Gallia  SE.  Length  30,  width  20  m. 
Stone  coal  and  salt  springs  are  found  here. 
Chief  town,  Jackson.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,746 ;  in 
1830,  5,974. 

JACKSON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Jackson 
co.  Ohio,  28  m.  SE.  from  Chillicothe,  74  SE. 
from  Columbus,  from  W.  387  m.  Pop.  329. 

JACKSON,  t.  in  the  southern  part  of  Frank 
lin  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  385. 

JACKSON,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  882. 

JACKSON,  t.  of  Pickaway  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,063. 

JACKSON,  t  Highland  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,365. 

JACKSON,  NE.  t.  Pike  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  894. 

JACKSON,  t  Knox  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  623. 

JACKSON,  t  Champaign  co.  Ohio,  con 
taining  1,134  inhabitants. 

JACKSON,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  649. 

JACKSON,  t  in  the  southern  limits  of  Mon 
roe  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  604. 

JACKSON,  t  Stark  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,081. 

JACKSON  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,352. 


JACKSON,  t.  in  the  western  borders  of 
Montgomery  co.  and  adjoining  the  co.  of  Preble 
Ohio.  Pop.  1,377. 

JACKSON,  Preble  co.  Ohio.    Pop,  1,153. 

JACKSON,  the  north-westernmost  t.  of 
Muskingum  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  593. 

JACKSON,  co.  In.  on  White  River,  bounded 
SE.  by  Scott,  S.  by  Washington,  W.  by  Law 
rence,  NW.  by  Monroe,  N.  by  Delaware,  and 
E.  by  Jennings  cos, ;  length  30  m.  mean  width 
19.  Chief  town,  Brownstown.  Pop.  4,894. 

JACKSON,  v.  Jackson  co.  In.  84  m,  south 
ward  from  Indianapolis.  , .  ' 

JACKSON,  co.  II.  bounded  by  the  Missis- 
sippi  river  SW.  by  Randolph  NW.  and  N. 
Franklin  E.  and  Union  co.  S. ;  length  30  m. 
mean  width  24.  Chief  town,  Brownsville.  Pop. 
1820,  1,542 ;  in  1830,  1,827. 

JACKSON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Cape  Gi- 
rardeau  co.  12  m.  NW.  from  Cape  Girardeau, 
and  about  10  in  a  direct  line  from  the  Missis 
sippi  river,  and  856  m.  from  W.  Lat.  37°  26' ; 
Ion.  from  W.  12°  20'  W. 

JACKSON,  co.  W.  Ten.  bounded  S.  by 
White,  W.  by  Smith,  N.  by  Monroe  co.  ia 
Kent,  and  E.  by  Overton.  Length  28  m.  mean 
width  18.  Cumberland  river  crosses  this  co. 
in  an  oblique  direction  from  NE.  to  SW.  Chief 
town,  Gainesborough.  Pop.  in  1820.  7J593  j  in 
1830,  9,902. 

JACKSON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Madison 
co.  Ten.  on  the  S.  branch  of  Forked  Deer 
river.  N.  lat.  35°  58',  and  198  m.  a  little  S.  of 
W.  from  Murfreesborough ;  861  from  W.  Pop. 
11,750. 

JACKSON,  v.  on  the  left  bank  of  Tombig- 
bee  river.  Clarke  co.  Al.  12  m.  below,  and  SE. 
from  St.  Stephens. 

JACKSON,  NE.  co.  of  Al.  N.  of  Tennessee 
river,  bounded  by  Tennessee  river  SE.  by  De- 
catur  co.  SW.  and  by  Franklin  and  Marion 
cos.  N.  It  is  nearly  in  form  of  a  triangle ;  30 
m.  by  a  direct  line  along  Tennessee  river,  an 
equal  distance  on  Decatur  co.  and  an  equal 
distance  along  the  S.  boundary  of  Tennessee. 
Chief  town,  Bellefonte.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,751 , 
in  1830, 12,702. 

JACKSON,  co.  Mississippi,  on  the  gulf  ol 
Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pascagoula.  Pop 
1,789,  of  whom  321  are  colored. 

JACKSON,  t.  and  cap.  Feliciana  co.  Louis 
iana,  on  Thompson's  creek,  12  m.  W.  of  the 
Mississippi.  Its  public  buildings  are  a  court 


house, 


jail,  and  academy.     Pop.  200. 

JACKSONBOROUGH,  t.  Colleton  district 
S.  C.  on  the  W.  side  of  Edisto  river,  33  m.  W 
from  Charleston. 

JACKSONBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Scriven 
co.  Geo.  on  Briar  creek,  69  m.  NW.  from  Sa» 
vannah,  54  m.  SE.  from  Augusta,  and  634  m, 
from  W. 

JACKSONBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Campbell  co, 
East  Tennessee,  N.  of  Knoxville,  and  543  m, 
from  W. 

JACKSON'S  MILLS,  v.  Harrison  co,  Va. 

JACKSON'S  RIVER,  Va.  rises  in  the  Warm 
Spring  mountains,  and  flowing  SW.  is  joined 
by  Cowpasture  river,  and  forms  James  river. 
Near  its  source  is  a  perpendicular  fall  of  200  feet, 


300 


JAC— JAM   . 


JACKSON  TOWN,  v.  Jackson  co.  Al. 

JACKSONVILLE,  v.  Wood  co.  Va. 

JACKSONVILLE,  or  Telfairton,  t.  and  cap. 
Telfair  co.  Geo.  753  m.  from  W. 

JACKSONVILLE,  v.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio, 
18  m.  N\V.  from  Lancaster. 

JACOBSBURG,  v.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
100. 

JACQUES  CARTIER,  r.  L.C.  which  rises 
in  some  small  lakes,  in  Ion.  71°  20'  W. ;  lat. 
48°  N.  and  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence  in  the 
seigniory  of  the  same  name. 

JACQUES  CARTIER,  seigniory,  Hamp 
shire  co.  L.  C.  extending  from  the  N.  bank  of 
St  Lawrence  river,  between  the  seigniory  of 
D'Auteuil,  and  the  Barony  of  Portneuf,  cross- 
ing  the  rivers  Jacques  Cartier,  Savonnis,  and 
St  Anne. 

JAFFREY,  t.  Cheshire  co.  New  Hamp 
shire,  36  m.  SW.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,354. 
Here  are  found  red  and  yellow  ochre,  alum, 
vitriol,  and  black  lead.  A  company  is  incor 
porated  for  the  manufacture  of  earthenware. 
Grand  Monadnock  mountain  is  in  this  town. 

JAMAICA,  one  of  the  West-India  islands. 
It  is  the  third  in  point  of  size,  but  the  first  in 
point  of  commercial  importance.  It  is  150  m. 
long,  and  60  broad,  but  narrower  towards  the 
extremities,  resembling  an  ellipsis.  The  Blue 
Mountains  pervade  this  island  from  one  ex 
tremity  to  the  other.  The  plains  abound  in 
excellent  pasturage  for  cattle,  and  flourishing 
sugar  plantations.  The  mountains  near  Span 
ish  Town  are  resorted  to,  on  account  of  their 
mineral  waters.  Lead  is  the  only  metal  found 
here.  The  summit  of  the  highest  mountain 
is  7,800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Sugar 
is  the  great  staple  of  this  island,  and  although 
much  more  abundant  in  some  seasons  than  in 
others,  is  more  uniform  than  in  the  other  islands. 
But  the  colonists  of  late  have  directed  their 
attention  much  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton. 
Pimento  and  ginger  are  among  the  products. 
The  finest  mahogany  abounds.  The  soap  tree 
is  common.  The  bread  fruit  tree  has  been 
transplanted  here,  and  all  the  tropical  fruits 
and  productions  come  to  maturity,  such  as 
oranges,  lemons,  shaddocks,  citrons,  pome 
granates,  pine-apples,  prickly  pears,  and  many 
others.  The  plantain,  which  Jamaica,  in  com 
mon  with  the  other  West-India  islands,  pro 
duces  in  abundance,  is  one  of  the  most  agreea 
able  and  nutritious  vegetables  in  the  world. 
Jamaica  contains  three  counties,  Middlesex, 
Surrey,  and  Cornwall.  The  government  is 
composed  of  the  legislative  assembly,  and  a 
governor  and  council  appointed  by  the  king. 
The  chief  towns  are  Kingston  and  St.  Jago  de 
la  Vega,  or  Spanish  town.  The  latter  is  the 
seat  of  government.  Port  Royal,  once  the 
largest  town  in  the  island,  was  destroyed  by 
tremendous  earthquake.  The  population  of 
the  whole  island  is  about  400,000  souls,  of 
whom  only  40,000  are  whites. 

JAMAICA,  t.  Windham  co,  Vt.  35  m.  SW. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,523. 

JAMAICA,  v.  Queens  co.  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 
13  m.  E.  from  New- York.  Pop.  of  the  t.  2,376. 


The  village  contains  an  academy,  and  3  e*  4 
places  of  public  worship. 

JAMAICA  PLAINS,  in  the  W.  part  of 
Roxbury,  Mass. ;  5  m.  SW.  from  Boston.  They 
encompass  a  pond  containing  160  acres,  and 
are  remarkable  for  their  delightful  scenery  and 
elegant  country-seats. 

JAMES  BAY,  the  southern  extension  of 
Hudson's  bay.  It  abounds  with  islands  of  va 
rious  extent,  and  reaches  as  far  south  as  lat. 
52°  N.  receiving  a  number  of  rivers,  the  prin 
cipal  of  which  are  Albany,  Moose,  Hurricane, 
and  East  Maine. 

JAMES,  island  on  the  coast  of  S.  C.  be 
tween  Stono  river,  and  Charleston  harbor. 

JAMES  CITY,  co.  Va.  between  York  and 
James  river,  and  bounded  by  Warwick  SE. 
James  river  and  Chickihominy  river  SW.  New 
Kent  NW.  and  York  river  and  York  co.  NE. 
Length  23  m.  mean  width  about  8.  Chief 
town,  Williamsburg.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,161 ;  in 
1830,  3,838. 

JAMES  CITY,  v.  Madison  co,  Va. 

JAMES  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the  river 
Ashley,  3  m.  S.  from  Charleston.  Lon.  80° 
W. ;  lat.  32°  44'  N. 

JAMES  ISLAND,  small  island  near  the 
coast  of  Maryland,  in  the  Chesapeake.  Lon. 
76°  25'  W. ;  lat.  38°  40'  N. 

JAMES  RIVER,  r.  Va.  formed  by  the  union 
of  Jackson  and  Cowpasture  rivers.  At  the 
point  where  it  begins  to  break  through  the 
Blue  Ridge,  it  is  joined  by  North  river.  The 
flourishing  towns  of  Lynchburg  and  Rich 
mond  stand  on  its  banks.  It  joins  the  Atlan 
tic  in  Hampton  Road,  at  the  mouth  of  Chesa 
peake  Bay.  Its  general  course  is  S.  of  E.  A 
40  gun  ship  may  go  up  to  Jamestown,  and  by 
lightening  herself,  to  Harrison's  bar,  where 
there  are  15  feet  of  water.  It  is  navigable 
for  sloops  as  far  up  as  Richmond,  and  for  ba 
teaux  220  m.  above  Richmond,  opening  a  val 
uable  navigation  into  an  extensive  and  pro 
ductive  country. 

JAMES  RIVER,  Arkansas,  rises  in  the 
highlands  a  few  miles  S.  of  the  Gasconade, 
and  running  SW.  200  m.  during  which  course 
it  receives  Findley's  river  and  other  streams, 
enters  White  river  1,000  m.  from  its  mouth. 
The  soil  on  its  banks  is  among  the  most  fer 
tile  of  any  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi. 
Lead  mines  occur  on  its  banks  20  m.  above 
the  junction  of  Findley's  river. 

JAMESTOWN,  t.  Newport  co.  R.  I.  on 
Canonicut  Island,  2  m.  W.  from  Newport. 
Pop.  414. 

JAMESTOWN,  t.  James  City  co.  Va.  on 
an  island  in  James  river,  32  m.  above  its 
mouth,  8  m.  SW.  from  Williamsburg,  65  ESE 
from  Richmond.  This  town  was  established 
in  1608,  and  was  the  first  settled  town  by  the 
English  in  the  U.  States.  The  town  is  now 
in  ruins,  and  almost  desolate;  two  or  three 
old  houses,  the  ruins  of  an  old  steeple,  a  church 
yard,  and  faint  marks  of  rude  fortifications,  are 
the  only  memorials  of  its  former  importance. 

JAMESTOWN,  v.  Guilford  co.  N.  C. 

JAMESTOWN,  v.  Prince  Edward  co.  V» 


JAM— JEF 


301 


on  the  Appomntox,  12  m.  NE.  of  the  court 
house. 

JAMESVILLE,  v.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  in 
Manilas,  4  m.  E.  from  Onondaga  Hollow,  46 
W.  from  Utica. 

JAMESVILLE,  v.  Clarendon  district,  S.  C. 

JAQUES,  or  James,  r.  La.  which  flows  into 
the  Missouri,  150  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

JASPER,  co.  Geo.  bounded  S.  by  Jones,  W. 
by  Henry  and  Newton,  N.  by  Walton,  E.  by 
Putnam.  Length  25  m.  breadth  18.  Pop. 
in  1820,  13,614;  in  1830, 13,131.  Chief  town, 
Monticello. 

JAUFLIONE,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  Ion.  91°  45'  W. ;  lat.  39°  26'  N. 

JAY,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  60  m.  N.  from  Mont- 
pelier.  Pop.  196. 

JAY,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  21  m.  NE.  from 
Paris,  175  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,276. 

JAY,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  141  m.  N.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  1,729. 

JEAN  RABEL,  t.  of  St.  Domingo  on  the 
sea-coast,  12  m.  NE.  from  St.  Nicholas  le  Mole, 
Ion.  73°  20' W.;  lat.  19°  55'  N. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  28  m. 
NE.  from  Wiscasset,  200  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  2,074. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  7  m.  SE. 
from  Lancaster.  Pop.  495. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  NW.  by 
the  St.  Lawrence,  NE.  by  St.  Lawrence  co. 
SE.  by  Lewis  and  Oswego  cos.  S.  by  Oneida 
co.  and  W.  by  Lake  Ontario.  Pop.  in  1820, 
32,952 ;  in  1830,  48,515.  Chief  town,  Water- 
town. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  48  m. 
SW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,743. 

JEFf  ERSON,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
1,551. 

JEFFERSON  co.  NW.  part  of  Pa.  bounded 
N.  by  Warren  and  M'Kean  cos.  E.  by  M'Kean 
and  Clearfield  cos.  S.  by  Indiana  co.  and  W 
by  Armstrong  and  Venango  cos.  Pop.  2,225. 
Chief  town,  Brookville. 

JEFFERSON,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Pa. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa.  Pop 
1,292. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.  17  m 
from  Washington,  Pa. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  N.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
NE.  by  the  Potomac,  E.  by  Loudon  co.  S.  by 
Frederick  co.  and  W.  by  Berkeley  co.  Pop. 
12,927,  of  whom  3,999  are  colored.  Chief  town, 
Charlestown. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  E.  part  of  Ohio.  Pop. 
22,489.  Chief  town,  Steubenville. 

JEFFERSON,  t  Scioto  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
566. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,645 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
1,402. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
3,240. 

JEFFERSON,  t  Montgomery  co.  Ohio 
Pop.  1,757. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
1,267. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio,  Pop 
409. 


JEFFERSON,  t.  and  cap.  Ashtabula  co. 
)hio,  on  Mill  creek,  about  65  m.  E.  from 
Cleveland.  Pop.  270. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio.  It 
s  situated  in  Pickaway  Plains,  3  m.  S.  from 
'ircleville,  16  N.  from  Chillicothe.  Pop.  119. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  N.  part  of  Ken.  on  the 
Ohio.  Pop.  24,002.  Chief  town,  Louisville. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  E.  Ten.  Pop.  11,799. 
>hief  town,  Dandridge. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Rutherford  co.  Ten.  22  m. 
5SE.  from  Nashville.  Near  this  town  there  is 

mineral  spring. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
'op.  7,309,  of  whom  3,706  are  colored.  Chief 
own,  Louisville.  Jefferson  Baths,  in  this 
sounty,  12  m.  NE.  from  Louisville,  are  much 
esorted  to. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Camden  co.  Georgia,  on 
he  Great  Satilla,  56  m.  SW.  from  Darien. 
t  is  the  seat  of  justice  for  the  county.  It  is 
ituated  about  20  m.  from  the  mouth  of  the 
iver. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  Miso.  bounded  by  the 
Mississippi  river  E.  St.  Genevieve  and  Wash- 
ngton  cos.  S.  Franklin  W.  and  NW.  and  Mer- 
imack  river  or  St.  Louis  co.  N.  Length  30 
m.  width  25.  Chief  town,  Herculaneum.  Pop. 
n  1820,  1,835;  in  1830,  2,586. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  and  cap.  Jackson  co.  Geo. 
t  contains  a  court-house  and  a  jail. 

JEFFERSON,  r.  N.  Ame.  !ca.  It  is  a  fork 
)f  the  Missouri  in  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  of  Mis.  on  the  Missis- 
sippi  river,  bounded  by  that  stream  NW.  by 
Claiborne  N.  uncertain  on  the  E.  by  Franklin 
S.  and  Adams  SW.  Length  30  m.  breadth 
Besides  the  Mississippi  river,  this  county 
s  watered  by  Fairchilds  and  Coles  creeks,  in 
Jie  centre,  and  by  the  sources  of  Homochitto 
•iver,  and  Bayou  Pierre,  in  the  E.  Pop.  in 
L820,  6,822;  in  1830,  9,755.  Chief  town, 
Greenville. 

JEFFERSON  CITY,  v.  Cole  co.  Miso.  on 
;he  right  bank  of  Missouri  river,  15m.  above 
;he  mouth  of  Osage  river. 

JEFFERSON  RIVER,  NW.  branch  of  the 
Missouri,  joins  Madison  river  at  lat.  45°  N. ; 
on.  30°  45'  W.  from  W.  and  forms  the  Mis 
souri.  A  short  distance  below  their  junction, 
Sallatin's  river  enters  the  united  stream  from 
Jie  SE. 

JEFFERSONTON,  v.  Culpeper  co.  Va.  20 
m.  N.  from  Culpeper. 

JEFFERSONTON,  v.  Ashe  co.  N.  C. 

JEFFERSONTOWN,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ken. 

JEFFERSONVILLE,  t.  Tazewell  co.  Va 
on  N.  fork  of  Clinch  river,  50  m.  NE.  from 
Abingdon. 

JEFFERSONVILLE,  t.  Clark  co  Indiana, 
on  the  Ohio,  just  above  the  Rapids,  and  nearly 
opposite  Louisville.  Lat.  38°  30'  N.  It  is  a 
flourishing  town,  and  contains  a  land  office, 
and  about  130  houses. 

JEFFERY'S  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  which  runs 
into  the  Great  Pedee,  Ion.  79°  29'  W. ;  lat.  34° 
8'N. 

JEFFERY'S  LEDGE,  a  sand-bank  on  the 
coast  of  Massachusetts,  between  Cape  Ann 


302 


JEM— JOH 


and  Casco  Bay.    Lon.  69°  38'  W. ;  lat.  43° 
10' N. 

JEMAPPE,  v.  Caroline  co.  Va. 

JENITO  BRIDGE,  v.  Powhatan  co.  Va. 

JENKINTOWN,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
12  m.  N.  from  Philadelphia. 

JENKINS'  ISLAND,  small  island  near  the 
coast  of  S.  C.  Lon.  80°  40'  W.;  lat.  32° 
20' N. 

JENNERVILLE,  v.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

JENNERVILLE,  v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

JENNINGS,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Jefferson 
NE.  Scott  and  Jackson  SW.  Delaware  NW. 
and  Ripley  E.  Length  24  m.  breadth  18.  Soil 
productive,  Chief  town,  Mount  Vernon.  Pop. 
in  1820,  2,000  ;  in  1830,  3,950.  Lat.  39°  N. ; 
Ion.  8°  30'  W.  from  W. 

JENNINGS'  ORDINARY,  t.  Nottaway 
co.  Va.  69  m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

JEREMIE,  t.  and  cape  on  the  N,  side  of 
the  southern  peninsula  of  the  island  of  St.  Do- 
iningo.  The  town  is  situate  on  an  eminence, 
in  a  fertile  soil,  particularly  excellent  for  the 
culture  of  coffee,  5  m.  W.  of  St.  Domingo. 
Lon.  3°  5'  E. ;  lat.  18°  42'  N.  from  W. 

JERICHO,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  N.  side 
of  Onion  river,  15  in.  E.  from  Burlington.  Pop. 
1,654. 

JERICHO.     See  Bainbridge. 

JERICHO,  v.  in  Oyster  Bay,  Long  Island, 
N.Y, 

JEROMESVILLE,  v.  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

JERSEY,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  2,391. 

JERSEY  CITY,  or  Paulus  Hook,  t.  Ber 
gen  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Hudson,  opposite  New 
York,  1  m.  distant,  226  from  W.  It  contains 
a  bank. 

JERSEYTOWN,  v.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 

JERSEY  SHORE,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  on 
N.  side  of  the  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah, 
20  m.  W.  from  Williamsport. 

JERUSALEM,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  W. 
side  of  Crooked  Lake,  20  m.  S.  from  Canan- 
daigua.  This  town  is  the  principal  residence 
of  the  followers  of  Jemima  Wilkinson. 

JERUSALEM,  v.  in  Benton,  N.  Y. 

JERUSALEM,  t.  Washington  co.  Md.  on 
the  Antietam,  SW.  of  Hagarstown. 

JERUSALEM,  t.  Southampton  co.  Va.  on 
the  Nottaway,  63  m.  WSW.  from  Norfolk. 

JEWETT'S  CITY,  v.  New  London  co 
Ct.  on  the  Quinebaug ;  8  m.  NE.  from  Nor 
wich. 

JOBSTOWN,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

JOHN,  St.  a  small  island  in  the  West  Indies, 
N.  of  St.  Croix,  belonging  to  the  Danes.  11 
has  a  town  and  spacious  harbor. 

JOHN,  St.  or  Prince  Edward,  an  island  in 
the  S.  part  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  hav 
ing  New  Brunswick  on  the  W.  Nova  Scotia  on 
the  S.  and  Cape  Breton  on  the  E.  It  is  60  m 
long  and  30  broad,  and  fertile,  with  severai 
streams.  In  1745  it  surrendered,  with  Cape 
Breton,  to  the  English.  The  capital  is  Char 
lotte  Town. 

JOHN,  St.  a  river  which  rises  in  the  NW 
part  of  the  district  of  Maine,  flowing  NE.  into 
New  Brunswick,  where  it  soon  takes  a  SSE 
eourse,  and  enters  the  bay  of  Fundy,  at  the 


city  of  St.  John.  It  is  navigable  60  m.  for 
sloops  of  50  tons,  and  about  200  for  boats ;  and 
affords  a  common  and  near  route  from  the 
>rovince  of  New  Brunswick  to  Quebec. 

JOHN,  St.  a  city  of  New  Brunswick,  situate 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  John,  in  the  bay 
of  Fundy.  It  stands  in  a  high  situation,  and 
s  regularly  built.  The  harbor  is  open  through 
out  the  year,  and  the  city  carries  on  an  exten. 
sive  commerce.  Lon.  65°  15'  W.;  lat.  45° 
12' N. 

JOHN,  St.  the  chief  town  of  Newfoundland, 
situate  on  the  E.  side  of  the  island.  It  has  a 
good  harbor,  entirely  land-locked,  and  defend- 
ed  by  several  forts,  in  one  of  which  the  gov 
ernor  of  the  island  resides.  This  town  suffer 
ed  very  severely  by  repeated  fires  during  the 
years  1816, 1817,  and  1818.  Lon.  52°  26'  W.; 
.at.  47°  32'  N. 

JOHN,  St.  the  capital  of  Antigua.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  regular  towns  in  the  West  Indiest 
and  has  the  most  commodious  harbor  in  the 
Leeward  islands.  Lon.  62°  4'  W.;  lat.  17° 
4'N. 

JOHN,  St.  a  town  and  fort  of  L.  Canada,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  Chambly  or  Richelieu  river, 
at  the  N.  end  of  Lake  Champlain.  In  1796  it 
was  made  the  sole  port  of  entry  and  clearance 
for  all  goods  imported  from  the  U.  States  into 
Canada.  It  is  20  m.  E.  by  S.  from  Montreal, 
and  110  N.  by  E.  from  Crown  Point.  Lon. 
73°  20'  W. ;  lat.  45°  25'  N. 

JOHN'S  BAY,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Maine. 
Lon.  69°  30'  W. ;  lat.  53°  50'  N. 

JOHN'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs  into 
the  Connecticut,  in  Dalton. 

JOHN'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  C.  which  joins  the 
Catawba,  below  Burke  court-house. 

JOHN'S  ISLAND,  isl.  of  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coast  of  S.  Carolina,  a  little  S.  from  Charles 
ton,  30  m.  in  circumference.  Lon.  80°  10' W.; 
lat.  32°  42'  N. 

JOHNSBURG,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  W. 
side  of  the  Hudson,  23  m.  NW.  from  Caldwell. 
Pop.  985. 

JOHNSON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  35  m,  N. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,070. 

JOHNSON,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Sampson 
S.  Cumberland  SW.  Wake  NW.  Nash  NE. 
and  Wayne  E.  and  SE. ;  length  32  m.  mean 
width  20.  It  is  intersected  by  Neuse  river 
from  NW.  to  SE.  Chief  town,  Smithfield. 
Pop.  in  1820,  9,607;  in  1830,  9,607. 

JOHNSON,  co.  111.  bounded  by  Ohio  river 
S.  by  Alexander  and  Union  W.  Franklin  N. 
and  Pope  E. ;  length  30  m.  breadth  18.  Sur 
face  hilly  towards  Ohio  river,  but  more  leve, 
in  the  interior.  Soil  fertile.  Chief  town,  Wil. 
kinsonville.  Pop.  1820,  843  ;  1830,  1,596. 

JOHNSONBURG,  v.  Warren  co.  N.  J.  30 
m.  NE.  from  Easton  in  Pa.  and  74  N.  from 
Trenton. 

JOHNSONSBURG,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  10  m, 
from  Newton.  Here  is  an  Episcopal  church. 

JOHNSON'S  CREEK,  v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y 

JOHNSON'S  FORT,  on  James'  Island,  S.C 
at  the  entrance  of  Charleston  harbor. 

JOHNSON'S  MILLS,  v.  Dallas  co.  Al.  9  m. 
from  Cahawba. 


JOH— JUN 


303 


'   JOHNSON'S  POINT,  cape  on  SW.  coast 
of  Antigua.    Lon.  61°  35'  W. ;  lat.  17°  10'  N. 
JOHNSON'S  SETTLEMENT,  v.  Tioga 
co.  N.  Y. 

JOHNSON'S  SPRINGS,  v.  Goochland  co. 
Va.  25  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Richmond. 

JOHNSTON,  t.  TrumbuU  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
400. 

JOHNSTON,  Fort,  N.C.  on  the  right  bank 
of  Cape  Fear  river,  at  its  mouth. 

JOHNSTON,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  4  m. 
W.  from  Providence.  Pop.  2,114.  Here  are 
several  cotton  manufactories. 

JOHNSTON'S  STRAITS,  between  the 
continent  of  N.  America  and  the  islands  of 
Quadra  and  Vancouver :  it  unites  Queen  Char 
lotte's  Sound  to  the  Gulf  of  Guinea.  Lon.  from 
W.  46°  W. ;  lat.  50°  35'  N. 

JOHNSTONVILLE,  t.  Randolph  co.  N.  C. 
85  m.  NW.  from  Fayetteville. 

JOHNSTOWN,  U.  C.  is  situated  upon  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  above  the  uppermost  rap 
ids  in  ascending  to  Lake  Ontario,  and  is  a  mile 
square.  From  this  town  vessels  may  be  navi 
gated  with  safety  to  Queenstown,  and  to  the 
ports  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  is  nearly  opposite 
Ogdensburg  in  New  York. 

JOHNSTOWN,  district,  U.  C.  on  the  river 
St.  Lawrence. 

JOHNSTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Montgomery  co. 
N.  Y.  on  N.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  41  m.  NW. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  7,700.  The  large  village 
of  Johnstown  is  4  m.  N.  of  the  Mohawk,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  and 
several  houses  of  public  worship ;  1  for  Pres 
byterians,  and  1  for  Episcopalians.  It  is  415 
m,  from  W. 

JOHNSTOWN,  v.  Livingston  co.  N,  Y, 

JOHNSTOWN,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio,  on  a 
branch  of  Licking  creek,  20  m.  NW*  from 
Newark.  Pop.  217. 

JOHNSTOWN,  a  thriving  v.  in  Cambria 
co.  Pa.  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Alleghany  moun 
tain,  situated  on  the  Pennsylvania  canal,  at  its 
junction  with  the  rail-road,  about  20  m.  S.  by 
W.  from  Ebensburg. 

JONASVILLE,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Md. 

JONES,  co.  S.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  5,628. 
Chief  town,  Trenton. 

JONES,  co.  W.  part  of  Geo.  Pop.  13,342, 
of  whom  6,873  are  colored.  Chief  town,  Clinton. 

JONES,  Cape,,  in  Hudson's  Bay.  Lon.  79° 
W. ;  lat.  58°  50'  N. 

JONESBOROUGH,  s-p.  and  t.  Washington 
co.  Me.  N.  of  Kennebeck  Bay,  8  m.  W.  from 
Machias.  Pop.  810. 

JONESBOROUGH,  t.  Washington  co.  Ten. 
on'  the  Holston,  16  rn.  S.  from  Blountsville,  100 
ENE.  from  KnoxvHfe.  Pop.  about  900.  It 
contains  a  bank,  a  printing-office,  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  and  a  Presbyterian  church. 

JONESBURGi  t.  Camden  co.  N.  C.  66  m. 
S.  from  Norfolk.  It  is  the  chief  town  of  the 
county,  and  contains  a  court-house. 

JONES'  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the 
Delaware.  Lat.  40°  58'  N. 

JONES'  FALLS,  r.  Md.  passes  through  the 
city  of  Baltimore,  and  empties  into  the  liarbor. 
It  is  14m.  long,  and  affords  many  mill-seats. 


JONES'  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Hudson's  Bav 
Lon.  63°  W. ;  lat.  61°  52'  N. 

JONESTOWN,  t.  Lebanon  co.  Pa.  at  the 
junction  of  the  Swetara  and  Little  Swetara 
23  m.  ENE.  from  Harrisburg. 

JONESVILLE,  t.  Lee  co.  Va.  in  Pow^s 
Valley,  2  or  3  m.  from  Powell's  river,  and  70 
W.  from  Abingdon. 

JONESVILLE,  v.  Surrey  co.  N.  C. 

JOPPA,  t.  Harford  co.  Md.  20  m.  E.  by  N 
from  Baltimore. 

JOSEPH'S  KEY,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  near  the  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  89° 
30' W.;  lat.  30°  8' N. 

JOURDANS,  v.  Lincoln  co.  Geo. 

JOY,  v.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  110  m.  N.  from 
Portland. 

JUAN,  St.  or  Desanuadero,  a  river  of  Mex 
ico,  which  is  the  outlet  of  Lake  Nicaragua.  It 
flows,  from  the  SE.  corner  of  the  lake,  in  an 
E.  direction,  between  the  province  of  Nicaragua 
and  Costa  Rica,  into  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

JUAN,  St.  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  province 
of  Nicaragua,  situate  at  the  head  of  the  river 
St.  Juan,  110  m.  E.  of  Nicaragua.  Lon.  84° 
45' W.;  lat.  11°  15' N. 

JUAN  DE  FUCA,  Strait  of,  a  large  bay  or 
Gulf  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
N.  America.  The  entrance  is  in  Ion.  124° 
55'  W. ;  lat.  48°  25'  N. 

JUAN  DE  PUERTO  RICO,  St.  island  of 
the  W.  Indies,  50  m.  E.  of  Hispaniola,  and 
usually  called  Porto  Rico.  It  is  100  m.  long 
and  50  broad,  and  belongs  to  the  Spaniards. 
It  is  very  mountainous,  but  the  valleys  are  ex- 
tremely  fertile  and  well  watered.  It  produces 
sugar,  rum,  ginger,  corn,  and  fruits,  mostly  in 
digenous,  but  some  of  them  introduced  from 
Spain.  Cattle  are  so  plenty,  that  they  are 
hunted  for  the  skins  alone.  Here  are  a  great 
number  of  uncommon  trees,  and  gold  has  been 
found  in  the  N.  part  of  the  island.  It  is  sub 
ject  to  storms  and  hurricanes,  like  the  rest  of 
these  islands.  The  capital  is  of  the  same  name. 
Lon.  67°  4'  W.;  lat.  18°  17'  N, 

JUAN  DE  PUERTO  RICO,  St.  capital  of 
an  island  of  the  same  name,  with  a  good  har 
bor,  defended  by  several  forts.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see,  and  seated  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island. 
Lon.  69°  I'  W. ;  lat  18°  29'  N. 

JUAN  RODRIGUEZ  CABRILLO,  isl.  on 
the  coast  of  New  California.  Lon.  120°  31' 
W. ;  lat.  34°  N. 

JUAN  DE  ULUA,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Mexi 
co,  in  the  bay  of  Vera  Cruz.  A  very  strong 
fortress  now  covers  nearly  the  whole  rock,  the 
expense  of  which  is  said  to  have  been  upwards 
of  eight  millions  sterling. 

JUANICO,  island,  in  the  Gulf  of  California. 
Lon.  107°  41'  W. ;  lat.  21°  45'  N. 

JUDITH,  Point,  the  W.  point  at  the  en 
trance  of  Narraganset  Bay,  R.  I.  9  m.  SSW. 
from  Newport.  Lon.  71°  35<  W.;  lat.  4P 
24' N. 

JUDITH'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into 
the  Missouri,  2,440  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

JULIESTOWN,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

JULIET,  mt.  II.  NW.  of  the  Illinois  river, 

JUNIATTA,  navigable  r.  Pa.  formed  by  3 


304 


JUN— KEN 


branches,  which  rise  in  the  counties  of  Cam 
bria,  Bedford,  and  Huntingdon.  It  has  an  E. 
course,  and  joins  the  Susquehannah,  11  m. 
above  Harrisburg. 

JUNIUS,  t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  25  m.  N.  from 
Ovid,  182  WNW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,581. 

JURULLO,  a  very  remarkable  volcano  of 
Mexico,  in  the  state  of  Mechoacan.  Lon.  from 
W.  24°  10'  W. ;  lat.  19°  9'  N.  It  was  formed 
by  an  irruption  in  one  night,  between  Septem 
ber  28th  and  29th,  1759.  The  irruption  was 
preceded  by  shocks  of  earthquakes  from  the 
month  of  July.  The  conical  summit  is  524 
feet  in  height 

K. 

KAKIAK,  v.  in  Hampstead  co.  N.  Y. 

KANKAKEE,  which  rises  near  the  head 
waters  of  the  St.  Joseph's  of  Michigan,  in  In 
diana,  and  passing  into  Illinois,  unites  with  the 
Desplanes,  to  form  the  river  Illinois.  In  time 
of  high  water,  boats  pass  from  the  Kankakee 
to  the  St.  Joseph's. 

KANSAS,  r.  Miso.  which  rises  in  the  plains 
between  the  Platte  and  the  Arkansas,  and  joins 
the  Missouri  in  lat.  39°  5'  N.  340  m.  above  its 
mouth.  It  is  navigable  900  miles. 

KASKASKIA,  r.  II.  rising  in  the  E.  part  of 
the  state  near  the  W.  boundary  of  Indiana,  and 
flowing  SW.  by  comparative  courses  about 
250  m.  it  falls  into  the  Mississippi  about  100  m. 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio. 

KASKASKIA,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Ran 
dolph  co.  Illinois,  situated  on  an  extensive  plain, 
not  far  from  the  commencement  of  the  Ameri 
can  Bottom,  1 1  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the 
river  on  which  it  stands,  and  6  miles  from  the 
nearest  point  of  the  Mississippi.  This  town 
was  one  of  the  first  establishments  made  by 
the  French  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi ; 
and  is  a  place,  whose  origin  dates  further  back 
than  that  of  Philadelphia.  It  was  once  of 
great  importance,  containing  7,000  inhabitants. 
At  present  it  numbers  160  houses  and  1,000 
inhabitants.  A  more  beautiful  situation  for  a 
town  can  hardly  be  imagined.  It  is  in  the 
centre  of  a  gently  sloping  basin,  on  a  fine  nav 
igable  stream,  and  in  the  midst  of  a  country 
proverbial  for  its  fertility.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
printing-office,  a  Catholic  church,  and  a  land 
office.  867m.  from  W. 

KATAHDIN,  or  Ktadne,  lofty  mountains, 
Maine,  80  m.  N.  from  Bangor.  Their  height 
is  not  accurately  ascertained,  but  is  supposed 
to  exceed  that  of  the  White  mountains. 

K  A  Y  ADAROSSORAS,  r.  Saratoga  co.  N.Y. 
which  falls  into  the  Saratoga  Lake. 

KAYGERS'  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  10  m.  above  Gallipolis. 

KEARNSVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

KEARSARGE,  mt.  N.  H.  in  Sutton,  about 
25  m.  NW.  from  Concord. 

KEARSARGE  GORE,  t.  Hillsborough  co. 
N.  H.  16  m.  W.  from  Concord. 

KEASLETOWN,  t.  Rockingham  co.  Va. 

KEENE,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Cheshire  co. 
N.  H.  14  m.  SE.  from  Walpole,  and  95  W.  from 
Portsmouth.  It  is  a  fine  thriving  village  on 
Ashutot  river.  Pop.  2,374. 


KEENE,  Essex  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  787. 

KEENE,  v.  Coshoctoncty,  Ohio,  97  m.  NE. 
from  Columbus. 

KEENE'S  MILLS,  v.  Adams  co.  Pa.  36m. 
SW.  from  Harrisburg. 

KEENVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  on 
the  road  from  Easton  to  the  Lehigh  Water- 
Gap,  2  m.  from  Cherryville. 

KEESESVILLE,  v.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  157  m. 
N.  from  Albany. 

KELLOGGSVILLE,  v.  Cayuga  Co.  N.Y 
between  the  heads  of  Owasco  and  Skeneatele* 
Lakes,  39  m.  NNE.  from  Ithaca. 

KELLOGGSVILLE,  v.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio, 
284  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

KELLYVALE,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  110  m. 
NE.  from  Montpelier. 

KEMPSV1LLE,  t.  Princess  Anne  eov  Va. 
9  m.  SE.  from  Norfolk. 

KEMPSVILLE,  v.  Niagara  eo.  N.  Y. 

KENDALL,  t.  Kennebeck  eo.  Me. 

KENDALL,  v.  Stark  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  W. 
from  Canton,  and  near  the  eastern  side  of 
Tuscarawas  river. 

KENHAWA,  Great,  r.  Va.  It  rises  in  Ash 
co.  N.  C.  and  being  enlarged  by  a  number  of 
tributary  streams,  falls  into  the  Ohio  at  Point 
Pleasant.  Its  whole  course  is  about  400  m. 
and  its  width  at  the  Ohio  about  500  yards. 

KENHAWA,  Little,  r.  Va.  rfees  in  Lewis 
co.  and  falls  into  the  Ohio  at  Parkersburg,  12  m. 
below  Marietta. 

KENHAW AT co.  Va.  bounded  SE.  byGreen- 
brier  and  Giles,  SW.  by  CabellTNW.  by  Mason 
and  Wood,  and  NE.  by  Lewis  and  Randolph. 
It  is  intersected  by  Kenhawa  and  Elk  rivers, 
and  drained  by  their  numerous  branches.  Chief 
town,  Charlestown.  Pop.  9,261. 

KENDRICK'S  ISLAND,  NW.  coast  of 
America,  forms  the  W.  side  of  Nootka  Sound. 

KENDUSKEAG,  r.  Penobscot  co.  Maine, 
which  flows  into  the  Penobscot  at  Bangor. 

KENNEBECASIS,  r.  N.  Brunswick,  which 
runs  E.  and  falls  into  the  river  St.  John. 

KENNEBECK,  r.  which  rises  in  the  north 
ern  part  of  Maine,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  between  the  bays  of  Casco  and  Penob 
scot. 

KENNEBECK,  co.  Maine,  bounded  by  Lin 
coln  SE.  and  S.  Oxford  W.  Somerset  N.  Pe. 
nobscot  NE.  and  Hancock  E.  Chief  towns, 
HalloweH  and  Augusta.  Pop.  in  1820,  42,623; 
in  1830,  52,491. 

KENNEBUNK,  r.  Me.  which  runs  into  the 
Atlantic  at  Kennebunk.  It  has  a  good  harbor 
at  its  mouth. 

KENNEBUNK,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  York 
co.  Me.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebunk,  10  m. 
S.  from  Saco,  25  SW.  from  Portland.  Pop, 
2,233. 

KENNEDYSVILLE,  v.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 

KENNEDY'S,  v.  Brunswick  co.  Va. 

RENNET'S  SQUARE,  v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

KENSINGTON,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
13  m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  717. 

KENSINGTON,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  13,394.  It  is  a  suburb  of  Philadelphia. 

KENSINGTON,  v.  Chatauque  co.  N-.  Y, 

KENT,  co.  U.  Canada,  on  Lake  Erie, 


KEN— KIN 


305 


KENT,  co.  L.  Canada,  between  the  rivers 
Sorel  and  St.  Lawrence. 

KENT,  co.  R.  I.  on  the  W.  side  of  Narra- 
ganset  Bay,  bounded  N.  by  Providence  co.  S. 
fay  Washington  co.  and  W.  by  Connecticut. 
Pop.  12,784.  Chief  town,  Warwick. 

KENT,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct  on  the  Housa- 
tonnuc,  45  m.  W.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  2,001. 
Iron  ore  is  found  here4  and  wrought  exten 
sively. 

KENT,  t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  SE.  from 
Poughkeepsie.  Pop.  1,928. 

KENT,  co.  Del.  bounded  N.  by  Newcastle 
eo.  E.  by  Delaware  Bay,  S.  by  Sussex  co.  and 
W.  by  Maryland.  Pop.  19,911.  Chief  town, 
Dover. 

KENT,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Cecil  co.  E. 
by  the  state  of  Delaware,  S.  by  Queen  Anne 
co.  and  W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  Pop.  10,502. 
Chief  town,  Chestertown. 

KENT,  isl.  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  annexed  to 
Queen  Anne  co.  Md. 

KENTUCKY,  state.    See  page  126. 

KENTUCKY,  r.  Kentucky,  rises  in  the 
highlands  in  the  SE.  part  of  the  state,  and  run 
ning  NW.  falls  into  the  Ohio,  at  Port  William, 
77  m,  above  the  rapids  at  Louisville.  It  is 
navigable  180  miles,  and  is  150  yards  wide  at 
its  mouth. 

KENTUCKY,  Little,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  3  m.  below  the  mouth  of  Ken 
tucky  river. 

KENTUCKY,  Indian,  r.  In.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of 
Kentucky  river. 

KEOWEE,  r.  U.  S.  the  name  of  Savannah 
river  above  its  confluence  with  the  Tugulo. 

KEROUART  ISLETS,  small  islets  on  the 
NW.  coast  of  America,  between  51°  and  52° 
N.  lat. 

KERRYSVILLE,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio. 

KERSHAW,  district,  S.  C.  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Wateree.  Pop.  13,545.  Chief  town, 
Camden. 

KERNESVILLE,  V.Northampton  co.  Penn. 
15  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Easton. 

KETCHAM'S  CORNER,  v.  Saratoga  co. 
N.  Y.  15  m.  from  Albany. 

KEWEENA  POINT,  projects  far  into  the 
S.  side  of  Lake  Superior. 

KEYSVILLE,  v.  Charlotte  co.  Va.  on  the 
head  waters  of  Meheim  river,  70  m.  SW.  from 
Richmond. 

KEY  WEST,  small  island  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  remarkable  as  being  the  most  south 
ern  settlement  of  the  U.  S.  It  was  used  as  a 
naval  station,  but  has  been  abandoned  by  our 
armed  vessels.  Lat.  24°  34'  N.  ;  Ion.  from 
W.  4°  38'  W. 

KIAMESHA,  r«  Arkansas,  which  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  three  branches^  rising  in  a 
ridge  of  the  Mazern  mountains.  It  waters  the 
SW.  part  of  the  territory,  and  joins  Red  river 
900  m.  above  Natchitoches* 

KICKABOO,  or  Red  Buck;  small  r.  Illinois, 
which  runs  into  the  Illinois  on  the  N.  a  little 
below  lake  Pioria. 

KICKAPOOS,  Indians,  in  Illinois.  They 
are  scattered  along  the  rivers  Wabash,  Illinois, 
20 


arid  Mississippi,  but  their  largest  settlement  is 
in  a  prairie  90  m.  N.  by  E.  from  Vincennes. 
The  number  of  warriors  is  about  600. 

KICKEMUIT,  a  NW.  arm  of  Mount  Hope 
bay,  R.  I.  2  m.  long  and  £  a  m.  broad. 

KILDARE,  t.  Warwick  co.  L.  C.  34  m/  N. 
from  Montreal. 

KILKENNY,  t.  Leinster  co.  L.  C.  35  m 
NW.  from  Montreal. 

KILKENNY,  t.  Coos  co.  N*  II.  S  m.  NE, 
from  Lancaster.  Pop.  27. 

KILKENNY,  v.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

KILLBUCK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
White- woman's  creek,  3  m.  above  its  junction 
with  the  Muskingum. 

KILLINGLY,  t.  Windham,  co.  Ct.  on  the 
Quincbaug,  25  m.  W.  from  Providence,  45 
m.  E.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  3,261.  It  contains 
several  churches. 

KILLINGWORTH,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct. 
on  Long  Island  Sound,  26  m.  E.  from  New 
Haven,  38  SE.  from  Hartford,  26  W.  from  New 
London.  Pop.  2,483. 

KILMARNOCK,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Va. 

KIMBERTON,  v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

KIMBLES,  v.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio,  120  m. 
a  little  E.  of  S.  from  Columbus. 

KIMBLESVILLE,  v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

KINCANNON  WORKS,  v.  Surrey  co.  N.C. 
139  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Raleigh.  ' 

KINDERHOOK  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  rises  in 
Berlin,  Rensselaer  co.  and  flowing  SE.  enters 
the  Hudson,  at  Kinderhook. 

KINDERHOOK,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Hudson  river,  10  m.  above  Hudson,  20  below 
Albany.  Pop.  2,706.  Here  is  an  academy i 

KING  AND  QUEEN,  co.  Va.  on  Malta- 
poony  river,  which  separates  it  from  King 
William  co.  Pop.  11,644.  Chief  town,  Dunkirk. 

KING  CREEK,  v.  Barnwell  co.  S.  C. 

KINGFIELD,  v.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  119 
m.  N.  from  Portland.  Pop.  554. 

KING  GEORGE,  co.  Va.  between  the  Po- 
tomac  and  Rappahannock  rivers.  Pop.  3,397. 
At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

KING  GEORGE  SOUND,  the  name  given 
by  captain  Cook,  in  1778,  to  the  bay  which  he 
discovered  on  the  W.  coast  of  North  America, 
in  Ion.  126°  48'  W.  and  lat.  49°  33'  N.  but  the 
natives  call  it  Nootka ;  the  name  now  gene 
rally  adopted  by  the  English. 

KING  GEORGE  THE  THIRD'S  ISL 
ANDS,  group  on  the  W.  coast  of  America, 
extending  from  lat.  56°  10'  to  58°  18'  N. 

KINGS,  co.  New  Brunswick,  on  the  river 
St.  John,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Charlotte  co. 
S.  by  St.  John  co.  W.  by  the  counties  of  West 
moreland  and  Northumberland,  and  N.  by  a 
line  running  SE.  and  NW.  from  Spoon  Island 
hi  St.  John  river. 

KING'S  co.  N.  Y.  comprises  the  W.  end  of 
Long  Island,  and  is  bounded  E.  by  Queen's 
co.  Pop.  20,537.  Chief  town,  Flatbush. 

KING'S  BAY,  bay  on  the  SE.  coast  of 
Nova  Scotia. 

K1NGSBOROUGH,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
N.  Y.  50  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

KINGSBURY,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Hudson,  52  m.  above  Albany.  Pop.  2,606. 


306 


KIN— KIR 


KINGSCLERE,  t  York  co.  New  Bruns 
wick,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  ad 
joining  Frederickton. 

KINGSEY,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  on  the 
river  St.  Francis,  35  m.  S.  by  E.  from  Three 
Rivers. 

KING'S  FERRY,  v.  Monongalia  co.  Va. 

KING'S  FERRY,  v.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 

KING'S  ISLAND,  isl.  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America,  separated  from  the  continental 
shore  of  New  Albion,  by  Bankes'  canal.  Lat. 
51°  56'  to  52^  26'  N. 

KINGSLAND  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  James  River.  Lon.  77°  40'  W. ;  lat.  37° 
24'  N. 

KINGSMILL,  point,  on  the  NW.  coast  of 
America,  the  SW.  point  of  Prince  Frederick's 
sound.  Lon.  225°  49'  E.;  lat.  56°  52'  N. 

KING'S  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  in  the  W.  part 
of  N.  C.  25  m.  W.  Charlottenburg.  ^ . . 

KINGSPORT,  v.  Sullivan  co.  Ten. 

KINGSTON,  s-p.  of  Jamaica,  on  the  S. 
Coast  of  the  island,  on  a  bay  in  which  vessels 
of  the  largest  burden  may  anchor  in  safety.  It 
was  founded  in  1693,  after  the  destruction  of 
Port  Royal  by  an  earthquake  in  the  preceding 
year.  It  is  on  a  plain,  which  rises,  with  a 
gradual  ascent,  to  the  foot  of  the  Liguanea 
mountains,  a  distance  of  about  six  miles.  10 
m.  E.  from  Spanish  Town.  Lon.  76°  33'  W. ; 
lat.  18°  N.  Pop.  33,000,  of  which  number 
10,000  are  whites,  18,000  slaves. 

KINGSTON,  t.  and  cap.  of  the  island  of 
St.  Vincent's,  in  the  W.  Indies.  Lon.  81°  W. ; 
hi.  13^  6'  N. 

KINGSTON,  t.  U.  C.  the  largest  and  most 
populous  of  the  province.  It  is  advantageously 
seated  at  the  E.  extremity  of  Lake  Ontario. 

KINGSTON,  formerly  Esopus,  t.  and  cap. 
Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson,  65  m.  below 
Albany,  100  above  New  York.  Pop.  4,170. 
The  village  of  Kingston  is  pleasantly  situated 
on  Esopus  creek,  about  3  m.  from  the  Hudson, 
and  313  m.  from  W. 

KINGSTON,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  3  m. 
NE.  from  Princeton,  15  SW.  from  Brunswick. 

KINGSTON,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the  Sus- 
quehannah,  opposite  Wilkesbarre. 

KINGSTON,  v.  Talbot  co.  Md.  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Choptank,  4  m.  below  its  forks. 

KINGSTON,  t.  Somerset  co.  Md. 

KINGSTON,  t.  Georgetown  district,  S.  C. 
on  Waccama  river,  40  m.  NE.  from  George 
town. 

KINGSTON,  t.  and  cap.  Roane  co.  Ten.  at 
the  confluence  of  Clinch  and  Holston  rivers, 
60  m.  below  Knoxville,  and  556  m.  from  W. 

KINGSTON,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  28  m.  SW. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  803. 

KINGSTON,  t  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  21 
m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  929. 

KINGSTON,  East ,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
21  m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth. 

KINGSTON,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  4  m. 
NW.  from  Plymouth,  32  SSE.  from  Boston, 
from  W.  458.  Pop.  1,322.  This  town  has 
some  trade  in  the  fisheries,  and  contains  2  cot 
ton  manufactories,  and  eorne  manufactures  of 
iron. 


KINGSTON,  t.  and  cap.  Kings  co.  New 
Brunswick,  on  Kennebecasis  bay, 

KINGSTON,  North,  t.  Washington  co.  R.  I. 
on  W.  side  of  Narraganset  Bay ;  12  m,  NW. 
from  Newport.  Pop.  3,036. 

KINGSTON,  South,  or  Tower  Hill,  t.  and 
cap.  Washington  co.  R.  I.  on  the  W.  side  of 
Narraganset  Bay;  11  m.  W.  from  Newport, 
Pop.  3,663. 

KINGSTON,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  head  waters  of  Alum  and  Big  Walnut 
creeks,  and  immediately  N.  of  Sunbury.  Pop. 
582. 

KINGSTON,  small  town  situated  on  the 
line,  but  within  the  co.  of  Ross,  Ohio,  10  m.  N 
from  Chillicothe. 

KINGSTON,  v.  Morgan  co.  Geo.  33  m. 
NNW.  from  Milledgeville. 

KINGSVILLE,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on 
Lake  Erie,  10  m.  NE.  from  Jefferson.  Pop, 
1,038, 

KING-TREE,  v.  Williamsburg  district, 
S.  C.  on  Black  river,  about  65  m.  N.  from 
Charleston. 

KING  WILLIAM,  co.  Va.  between  Matta- 
pony  and  Pamunky  rivers  and  extends  east 
ward  to  where  those  rivers  unite,  and  form 
York  river,  and  bounded  NW.  by  Caroline  co, 
Pop.  1820,  9,697  ;  in  1830,  9,812. 

KING  WILLIAM  COURT-HOUSE,  v. 
and  seat  of  justice,  King  William  co.  Va.  35 
m.  NE.  from  Richmond. 

KING  WOOD,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Delaware.  Pop.  2,898. 

KINGWOOD,  v.  Monongalia  co.  Va. 

KINGWOOD,  v.  Preston  co.  Va.  near  Cheat 
river,  20  m.  SE.  from  Morgantown. 

KINIESNICK,  v.  Lewis  co.  Ken.  NNE, 
from  Frankfort. 

KINNIKINNICK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  SW 
into  the  Scioto,  7  m.  above  Chillicothe. 

KINOGAM,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  from 
Lake  Wickwa  to  the  river  Saguenay.  Lon., 
71°  31'  W.;  lat.  48°  34' N. 

KINSALE,  v.  Westmoreland  co.  Va.  situa 
ted  on  the  SW.  side  of  the  river  Potomac,  near 
the  Chesapeake  Bay. 

KINSMAN,  NE.  t.  of  Trumbull  co.  Ohio 
Pop.  720. 

KINSMAN'S  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  in  Liu. 
coin,  N.  H. 

KINSTON,  t.  Lenoir  co.  N.  C.  on  the  left 
bank  of  Neuse  river,  40  m.  above  Newbern. 

KINZUA,  v.  Warren  co.  Pa.  352  m.  NW 
from  Harrisburg. 

KIP'S  BAY,  a  bend  in  East  river,  N.  Y. 
in  New  York  co.  3  m.  NE.  of  the  city.  The 
New  York  Penitentiary  and  Alms  House  are 
situated  here. 

KIRBY,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  15  m.  NE. 
from  Danville. 

KIRK'S  MILLS,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

KIRKSEY  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Edgefield 
district,  S.  C.  65  m.  westerly  from  Raleigh. 

KIRKSVILLE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C. 
151  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

KIRKVILLE,  v.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 

KIRKWOOD,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.  Pop, 
2,205. 


KIR-LAC 


807 


KIRTLAND,  t  Geauga  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,010. 

KISHTAC,  isl.  on  the  NW.  coast  of  Ameri 
ca,  E.  of  Foggy  Cape,  on  the  SE.  side  of  the 
peninsula  of  Alaska,  and  opposite  the  mouth 
of  Cook's  river. 

KISKIMINITAS,  v.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

KISKIMINITAS,  r.  a  branch  of  the  Alle 
ghany  in  Pa. 

KITE'S  MILLS,  v.  Rockingham  co.  Va. 

KITLEY,  t.  Leeds  co.  U.  C. 

KITTANNING,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Armstrong  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side  of  Alleghany 
river,  40  m.  NE.  from  Pittsburg,  215  from 
W.  Pop.  1,620. 

KITTATINNY  MOUNTAINS,  a  ridge  of 
the  Alleghany  mountains,  which  runs  through 
the  N.  parts  of  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania. 

KITTERY,  t  York  co.  Me.  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Piscataqua,  opposite  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
5  m.  SW.  from  York.  Pop.  2,022. 

KLINGEISTOWN,  v.  SchuylkiU  co.  Pa. 

KNAPPSBURG,  v.  Oxford  township,  Che- 
nango  co.  N.  Y. 

KNIFE  RIVER,  r.  Missouri  Territory, 
which  joins  the  river  Missouri  on  the  S.  at  the 
Mandan  villages. 

KNIGHT'S  CANAL,  inlet,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America.  Lat.  50°  45'  N. 

KNIGHT'S  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Behring's 
Bay,  separated  from  the  continent  of  America 
by  a  narrow  channel. 

KNIGHT'S  ISLAND,  small  island  in  Hud- 
son's  Bay.  Lon.  93°  30'  W. ;  lat.  61°  50'  N. 

KNOT'S  ISLAND,  v.  Currituck  co.  N.  C. 

KNOWLTON,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  J.  on  Del 
aware  river.  Pop.  2,827. 

KNOWLTON  MILLS,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

KNOX,  t  Hancock  co.  Me.  28  m.  NW. 
from  Castine. 

KNOX,  v.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  21  m.  W.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  2,186. 

KNOX,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Richland  N. 
Coshocton  E.  Licking  S.  Delaware  W.  and 
Marion  NW.  Chief  town,  Mount  Vernon. 
Pop.  in  1820,  8,326 ;  in  1830,  17,124. 

KNOX,  co.  Ken.  bounded  SE.  by  Harlan, 
SW.  by  Whitely,  NW.  by  Rockcastle,  and 
NE.  by  Clay.  Chief  town,  Barbourville,  is 
about  125  m.  SSE.  from  Frankfort.  Pop. 
4,321. 

KNOX,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio. 

KNOX,  co.  E.  Ten.  bounded  by  Sevier  SE. 
Blount  S.  Roane  W.  Anderson  NW.  and 
Grainger  and  Jefferson  NE.  Holston  and 
Clinch  rivers  unite  at  Knoxville.  Chief  town, 
Knoxville.  Pop.  14,498. 

KNOX,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,288. 

KNOX,  NE.  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio. 

KNOX,  co.  In.  between  White  and  Wabash 
rivers,  bounded  by  Kaskaskia,  or  Pike  and 
Gibson  cos.  S.  Wabash  river  W.  Sullivan  N. 
and  Davies  E.  Soil  generally  fertile.  Chief 
town,  Vincennes.  Pop.  6,557. 

KNOXVILLE,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Knox 
co.  Ten.  on  the  right  bank  of  Holston  river,  22 
m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Tennessee,  about 
200  m.  E.  from  Nashville.  Lat.  35°  50'  N. 


There  is  a  college  here,  but  it  is  yet  in  in. 
fancy. 

KNOXVILLE,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  12  m. 
NW.  from  Steubenville. 

KNOXVILLE,  v.  Crawford  co.  Geo. 

KODIAK,  an  entensive  group  of  islands  on 
the  W.  coast  of  N.  America,  about  50  m.  from 
the  entrance  into  Cook's  inlet,  extending  about 
130  m.  from  SW.  to  NE.  Lon.  206°  12'  to 
208°  45'  E. ;  lat.  56°  45'  to  58°  28'  N. 

KOOSKOOSKEE,  r.  Oregon  Territory, 
which  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  joins 
Lewis  river,  between  Ion.  117°  and  118°  W. 
and  between  lat.  46°  and  47°  N. 

KONIAUT,  Big,  lake,  Erie  co.  Pa.  W.  of 
Le  Boeuf. 

KONIAUT,  Little,  lake,  Crawford  co.  Pa. 
8  m.  W.  from  Meadville.  Three  miles  long, 
and  1  broad. 

KORTRIGHT,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.Y.  10  m. 
N.  from  Delhi,  62  SW.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,873. 

KREIDERSVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co. 
Pa. 


LABAR'S,  v.  Pike  co.  Pa. 

LABEESH,  r.  U.  States,  which  receives  the 
waters  of  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  and  flows 
into  Cassina  Lake.  A  little  distance  from  the 
lake  are  the  head-waters  of  Red  river  which 
flows  into  Hudson  Bay. 

LABRADOR.     See  p.  167. 

LACADIE,  t.  L.  C.  53  m.  N.  from  Platts. 
burg,  Va. 

LAC  AU  SABLE,  lake,  NW.  Territory, 
between  Lake  Superior  and  the  Mississippi 
600  m.  above  the  mouth  of  St.  Peter's  river 
Until  1816,  the  principal  station  of  the  British 
NW.  Fur  Company  was  on  this  lake.  The 
station  is  now  occupied  by  the  American  NW. 
Company. 

LAC  DES  DEUX  MONT  AGNES,  Seig 
niory,  York  co.  L.  C.  on  the  N.  side  of  Ottawa 
river,  25  m.  W.  from  Montreal. 

LACHENAYE,  Seigniory,  Leinster  co. 
L.  C.  on  the  river  St.  Jean,  13  m.  N.  from 
Montreal. 

LACHAWAIIANOCK,  valley,  Luzerne  co. 
Pa.  extends  from  the  mouth  of  Lachawahan- 
ock  creek,  up  the  same,  about  30  m.  This, 
next  to  Wyoming  valley,  is  the  most  populous 
in  the  county. 

LACHEVROTIERE,  Seigniory,  Hamp 
shire  co.  L.  C.  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Law 
rence,  38  m.  W.  from  Quebec. 

LACHINE,  v.  on  Montreal  Island,  L.  C.  7 
m.  above  the  city  of 'Montreal.  The  Rapid  of 
St.  Louis  prevents  vessels  ascending  from 
Montreal,  so  that  all  the  commerce  with  the 
NW.  country  centres  at  Lachine. 

LACKAWAXEN,  river  of  Pa.  which  falls 
into  the  Delaware,  in  Pike  co.  174  m.  above 
Philadelphia. 

LACKAWAXEN,  t.  Pike  co.  Pa,  Pop. 
283. 

LAC  METASIEDIACH,  Seigniory,  C<oru 
wallis  co.  L.  C 


308 


LAC— LAN 


LAC  METIS,  Seigniory,  Cormvallis  co. 
L.C. 

LACONIA,  v.  Harrison  co.  In.  120  m.  S. 
from  Indianapolis. 

LA  DANTRE,  Seigniory,  Warwick  co. 
L.  C.  on  the  left  bank  of  St.  Lawrence  river,  a 
short  distance  above  the  mouth  of  Richelieu 
river. 

LADY  WASHINGTON,  v.  Montgomery 
co.  Pa. 

LA  FARGEVILLE,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 
174  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

LADY'S  ISLAND,  small  island  off  the 
coast  of  S.  C.  near  Port  Royal. 

LAFAYETTE,  a  parish  of  La.  Pop.  5,606. 
Vermilionville  is  the  capital. 

LA  FEVE,  r.  Arkansas,  which  rises  in  the 
mountains,  in  which  the  Poteau  and  Petit  John 
have  their  source,  and  flowing  E.  joins  the 
Arkansas  below  Cadron.  It  is  said  to  be  navi 
gable  200  m. 

LA  FEVRE,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  75  m.  below  Prairie  du  Chein, 
21  below  Dubuque's  lead  mines.  Lead  ore  is 
found  on  its  banks  10  m.  from  the  mouth. 

LAFOURCHE,  or  Chetimaches,  r.  La.  an 
outlet  of  the  Mississippi.  It  leaves  the  main 
stream  at  Donaldson,  about  90  m.  above  New 
Orleans.  Its  length  is  about  45  m. 

LAFOURCHE,  co.  La.  Pop.  5,500.  Thi- 
badeauville  is  the  capital. 

LAFOURCHE,  t.  Arcadia  co.  La.  75  m. 
NW.  from  New  Orleans. 

LAGIDA,  r.  Cuba,  which  runs  into  the  sea 
at  the  Havana. 

LAGOS,  t.  Mexico,  in  Guadalaxara,  60  m. 
NE.  from  Guadalaxara.     Lon.  101°  32'  W. 
Jat.  21°  27'  N, 

LAIRDSVILLE,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  108 
m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Albany,  and  12  from 
Utica. 

LAKE,  t.  in  the  N.  part  of  Stark  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  1,266. 

LAKE,  SW.  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  552 

LAKE,  t,  Logan  co,  Ohio,    Pop.  864. 

LAKE,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  480. 

LAKE  LANDING,  v.  Hyde  co.  N.  C.  213 
m.  a  little  S.  of  E.  from  Raleigh. 

LAKE  MASKINONGE,  Seigniory,  St 
Maurice  co.  L.  C.  on  St.  Lawrence  above 
Maskinonge  river. 

LAKE  OF  THE  WOODS,  lake,  between 
Lake  Superior  and  Lake  Winnipec,  discharg 
ing  by  Winnipec  river  into  the  lake  of  the 
same  name. 

LAKE  PLEASANT,  t.  Hamilton  co.  N.  Y 
Pop.  266. 

LAKE  RIVER,  r.  America,  which  runs 
into  the  Mississippi,  Ion.  95°  W.;  lat.  46° 
30' N. 

LAKE  RIVER,  Little,  r.  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  Ion.  94°  23'  W.;  lat.  45° 
36' N. 

LAMARCHE,  r.  II.  which  runs  into  Illi 
nois  river  from  the  NW. 

LA  MARTINIERE,  fief,  Hertford  co.  L.C 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St  Lawrence,  6  m.  E 
from  Quebec. 
LAMBERTSVILLE,  v.  on  the  Delawar 


river,  opposite  New  Hope,  Pa.  16m.  NW.  from 
Trenton. 

LAMINE,  t.  Cooper  co.  Miso. 

LAMOIL,  r.  Vt.  which   rises  S.  of  Lake 

Memphremagog,  and  running  W.  falls  into 

Lake  Champlain,  in  Colchester,  5  m.  N.  of  the 

mouth  of  Onion  river,  10  m.  N.  from  Bur- 

ngton. 

LAMOTTE,  lead  mine,  Miso.  a  few  miles 
N.  of  St.  Michael's. 

LAMPETER,  t.  and  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
on  Mill  creek,  5  m.  E.  from  Lancaster.  Pop, 
3,174. 

LAMPREY,  r.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
Lamprey  river  falls  into  Great  Bay. 

LANCASTER,  t.  and  cap.  Coos  co.  N.  H 
on  both  sides  of  Israel's  creek,  a  mile  from 
Connecticut  river.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
jail,  and  several  mills.  It  is  40  m.  above  Dart 
mouth  College,  131  NW.  from  Portsmouth, 
558  from  W.  Pop.  1,1 87. 

LANCASTER,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass,  on 
a  branch  of  Nashua  river,  14  m.  NE.  from 
Worcester,  35  WNW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
2,016.  Here  is  a  valuable  quarry  of  slate. 
Lancaster  is  a  good  agricultural  town,  and  has 
an  extensive  cotton  factory. 

LANCASTER,  co.  in  the  SE.  part  of  Pa. 
bounded  N.  by  Dauphin,  Lebanon,  and  Berks, 
E.  by  Chester,  S.  by  Maryland,  and  W.  by  the 
Susquehannah  river,  which  separates  it  from 
York  co.  Pop.  in  1820,  68,336;  in  1830, 
76,558.  It  is  the  most  populous  county  in  the 
state,  except  Philadelphia,  and  one  of  the  first 
in  point  of  soil,  wealth,  and  agricultural  im 
provements.  It  is  watered  by  the  Conestoga 
and  its  branches,  Pecqua  and  Chicques  creeks, 
which  afford  a  large  number  of  the  first-rate 
mill-seats  in  the  country,  many  of  which  are 
already  occupied.  It  contains  at  this  time, 
7  furnaces,  14  forges,  180  distilleries,  45  tanT 
yards,  22  fulling-mills,  164  grist-mills,  87  saw 
mills,  9  breweries,  8  hemp-mills,  5  oil-mills,  5 
clover-mills,  3  factories,  3  potteries,  6  carding- 
machines,  3  paper-mills,  2  snuff-mills,  7  tilt- 
hammers,  and  6  rolling-mills.  Chief  town, 
Lancaster. 

LANCASTER,  t.  and  cap.  Lancaster  co. 
Pa.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  side  of  a  hiD, 
1£  m.  W.  of  Conestoga  creek,  which  falls  into 
the  Susquehannah  9  m.  below.  35  m.  ESE* 
from  Harrisburg,  22  ENE.  from  York,  62  W. 
from  Philadelphia,  and  109  from  W.  Lat.  40° 
3'  N. ;  long.  76°  20'  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  market-house,  jail,  a  large  Lancasterian 
school,  an  academy,  and  several  houses  of  pub 
lic  worship,  for  German  Lutherans,  German 
Calvinists,  Presbyterians,  Episcopalians,  Ro 
man  Catholics,  Moravians,  Friends,  and  Me 
thodists.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  speak  the 
German  language,  The  surrounding  country 
is  fertile  and  highly  cultivated.  The  town 
contains  numerous  manufactories,  and  carries 
on  considerable  trade.  Pop.  7,683. 

LANCASTER,  co.  Va.  on  the  western  shore 
of  Chesapeake  Bay,  bounded  S.  by  the  Ra 
hannock,  108  m.  N.  from  Norfolk.  ~ 


of  whom  2,631  are  slaves, 
is  a  post-office, 


Pop.  4,800, 
At  the  court-houso 


LAN- 
LANCASTER,  district,  s.  c.  Pop.  10,361. 

At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

LANCASTER,  t.  and  cap.  Garrard  co.  Ken. 
29  m.  S.  from  Lexington. 

LANCASTER,  t.  and  cap.  Fairfield  co. 
Ohio,  28  m.  SE.  from  Columbus,  34  NE.  from 
Chillicothe.  It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail, 
a  bank,  2  printing-offices,  and  a  church. 

LANCE  LA  GRACE,  t.  La.  75  m.  SSW. 
from  New  Madrid.  Lon.  90°  27'  W. ;  lat.  35° 
25' N. 

LANCE  POINT,  the  S.  point  of  Newfound 
land,  at  the  SW.  extremity  of  St.  Mary's  Bay. 

LANDAFF,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  between  Bath  and 
Haverhill.  Pop.  951. 

LANDGROVE,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt  about 
35  m.  NE.  from  Bennington. 

LANDGUARD,  or  Pointe  aux  Pins,  north 
side  of  Lake  Erie.  This  point  is  about  20  m. 
E.  of  the  S.  Foreland,  and  bears  the  only  pine 
timber  on  this  coast. 

LANDISBURG,  v.  Perry  co.  Pa.  oh  a  small 
branch  of  Shareman's  creek,  30  m.  NW.  from 
Harrisburg,  and  18  NNW.  from  Carlisle. 

LANDSFORD,  v.  Chester  district,  S.  C.  92 
m.  N.  from  Columbia. 

LANESBOROUGH,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 
It  is  situated  in  the  NW.  part  of  the  state, 
joining  to  N.  Y.  Pop.  1,192. 

LANESVILLE,  v.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 

LANESVILLE,  v.  King  William  co.  Va. 

LANGDON,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.  on  Con 
necticut  river,  40  m.  W.  from  Concord.  Pop. 
667. 

LANGHORN'S  TAVERN,  v.  Cumberland 
co.  Va.  60  m.  from  Richmond. 

LANIER,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,535. 

LANSINGBURG,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Hudson  river,  near  its  junc 
tion  with  the  Mohawk  river,  about  4  m.  above 
Troy,  and  9  above  Albany.  Sloops  of  small 
draught  ascend  thus  high.  Pop.  2,663. 

LANSING,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
4,020. 

LAO,  t.  Cuba,  25  m.  W.  from  Havana. 

LA  PETITE  NATION,  York  co.  L.  C. 
on  the  Ottawa  river,  about  70  m.  W.  from 
Montreal. 

LA  PETITE  RIVIERE,  parish,  in  Cote 
de  Beaupre  Seigniory,  L.  C  on  the  St.  Law 
rence,  34  m.  NE.  from  Quebec. 

LAPRAIRIE,  Seigniory,  Huntingdon  co. 
L.  C.  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Sorel,  opposite  Montreal.  The 
tillage  of  Laprairie,  or  La  Nativite,  contains 
above  100  houses,  and  is  very  flourishing,  be 
ing  situated  on  the  main  road  from  Montreal 
into  the  United  States. 

LA  PROA,  point,  New  Brunswick,  half 
way  between  Eastport  and  St.  John. 

L'ARBRE  CROCHE,  Indian  village,  in 
Michigan,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  peninsula, 
near  its  N.  extremity,  40  m.  from  Michilli- 
mackinack. 

LARGA,  small  isl.  in  the  Florida  stream. 
Lon.  82°  25'  W. ;  lat.  24°  36'  N. 

LARGA  PUNTA,  or  Punta  de  Asies,  cape 


309 

on  the  W.  coast  of  Florida.    Lon.  82°  5'  W. 
lat.  25°  45'  N. 

LARK'S  POINT,  cape,  Lower  Canada,  in 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  Sague- 
nay  river. 

LA  SALLE,  Seigniory,  Huntingdon  co. 
Lower  Canada,  12  m.  S.  from  Montreal. 

LAS  CHIAPAS,  a  state  of  Mexico.  It  is 
an  interior  country  bounded  by  Guatemala 
SW.  Tabasco  NW.  and  N.  Yucatan  E.  and 
Vera  Paz  SE.  Chief  city,  Chiapa  Real. 

LASSELSVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  N.Y. 
10  m.  W.  from  Johnstown. 

L' ASSUMPTION,  Seigniory,  Leinster  co. 
Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Law 
rence,  16  m.  N.  from  Montreal. 

LA  TESSAIRE,  fief,  Hampshire  co.  L.  C. 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  40  m.  W. 
from  Quebec. 

LATIMORE,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa. 

LA  TRAIN,  r.  NW.  Territory,  which  runs 
into  Lake  Superior,  and  is  25  yards  wide  at  its 
mouth. 

LAUDERDALE,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  N. 
side  of  Tennessee  river.  Pop.  11,782.  Flor 
ence  is  the  capital. 

LAUGHLINGTON,  t.  Westmoreland  co. 
Pa. 

LAUREL,  v.  Sussex  co.  Del.  on  Broad  creek, 
a  branch  of  Nanticoke,  35  m.  SE.  from  Easton 
in  Maryland. 

LAUREL  HILL,  Richmond  co.  N.  C.  100 
m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

LAUREL  MOUNTAINS.  In  general 
terms,  this  range  includes  the  extreme  NW. 
ridges  of  the  Appalachian  chain,  and  reaches 
from  the  central  parts  of  Pennsylvania  to  Ala 
bama,  under  various  local  names.  It  is  pierced 
by  the  eastern  branches  of  Monongahela,  by 
the  Great  Kenhawa,  and  Tennessee  rivers. 

LAURENCEBURG,  v.  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 

LAURENCEBURG,  v.  Dearborn  co.  In. 

LAURENCEBURG,  v.  Franklin  co.  Ken. 
10  m.  S.  from  Frankfort. 

LAURENCEBURG,  v.  Laurence  co.  Ten. 

LAURENS,  t.  Tioga  co.  Pa. 

LAURENS,  t  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  SW. 
from  Cooperstown,  78  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,231. 

LAURENS,  district,  S.  C.  between  Enoree 
and  Saluda  rivers.  Pop.  20,863. 

LAURENS,  co.  Geo.  on  the  Oconee.  Pop, 
5,578.  Chief  town,  Dublin. 

LAURENSVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Laurens  district,  S.  C.  80  m.  NW.  from  Co- 
lumbia. 

LAUR1TON,  v.  Marlborough  co.  S.  C. 

LAUSANNE,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  on 
the  Lehigh.  Pop.  509. 

LAUZON,  Seigniory,  Dorchester  co.  L.  (X 
on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Chaudiere,  2  m.  S.  from  Quebec. 

LAVALTRIE,  Seigniory,  Warwick  co. 
L.  C.  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  30  m.  NE.  from 
Montreal. 

LA  VINA  POINT,  cape,  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America. 

LAWAHANNOCK,  r.  Pa.  which  joins  the 


310 


LAW— LEB 


E.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah  at  Pitlstown, 
]2  m.  above  Wilkesbarre. 

LAWRENCE,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  3,897.  Lou 
isa  is  the  capital. 

LAWRENCE,  co.  II.  Pop.  3,661.  Law- 
renceville  is  the  capital. 

LAWRENCE,  southern  co.  Ohio,  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Jackson,  E.  by  Gallia,  S.  by  the 
Ohio  river,  and  W.  by  Scioto  co.  Pop.  1820, 
3,499;  in  1830,  5,366.  Seat  of  justice,  Bur- 
lington. 

LAWRENCE,  t.  in  the  W.  border  of  Stark 
co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,108. 

LAWRENCE,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  602. 

LAWRENCE,  t  Washington  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  413. 

LAWRENCE,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Orange 
S.  Owen  and  Martin  W.  Monroe  N.  Jackson 
E.  and  Washington  SE. ;  length  21  m.  width 
18.  Pop.  in  1820,  4,116;  in  1830,  9,237. 
Chief  town,  Bedford. 

LAWRENCE,  co.  W.  Ten.  bounded  by  Ala- 
bama  S.  Wayne  W.  Hickman  N.  and  Giles  E. ; 
.ength  26  m.  width  22.     Pop.  in  1820,  3,271 
in  1830,  5,412.    Chief  town,  Lawrenceburg. 

LAWRENCE,  co.  Arkansas,  on  White  r. 
Pop.  5,806.  Chief  town,  Jackson. 

LAWRENCE,  co.  Mis.  bounded  NW.  and 
N.  by  the  lately  ceded  Choctaw  territory,  E 
by  Covington,  S.  by  Marion  and  Pike,  and  W. 
by  Franklin ;  length  60  m.  mean  width  21. 
The  general  surface  is  covered  with  fine  tim 
ber.  Chief  staples,  cotton.  Pop.  5,321.  Mon- 
ticello  is  the  capital. 

LAWRENCE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Law- 
rence  co.  Ark.  on  Black  river,  about  50  m. 
above  its  confluence  with  White  river. 

LAWRENCE,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio. 

LAWRENCE,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
1,434. 

LAWRENCE,  t.  Clearfield  co.  Pa.  Pop.  683. 

LAWRENCE,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  S.  side 
of  Tennessee  river.  Pop.  14,984.  Chief  town, 
Moulton. 

LAWRENCE,  St.  a  large  r.  of  N.  America, 
proceeding  from  Lake  Ontario,  from  which  it 
runs  700  m.  to  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  in 
the  Atlantic.  Its  mouth  is  100  m.  wide ;  and 
it  is  navigable  for  ships  of  war  as  far  as  Que 
bec,  which  is  360  m.  and  vessels  from  Europe 
ascend  to  Montreal,  which  is  180  m.  further 
In  its  course  it  forms  a  great  variety  of  bays 
harbors,  and  islands,  many  of  which  are  fruit 
ful  and  extremely  pleasant. 

LAWRENCE,  St.  Gulf  of,  is  formed  be 
tween  the  W.  part  of  Newfoundland,  the  E. 
shores  of  Labrador,  the  E.  extremity  of  the 
province  of  New  Brunswick,  part  of  the  prov 
ince  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  island  of  Cape 
Breton.  It  communicates  with  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  by  three  different  passages. 

LAWRENCEBURG,  t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 

LAWRENCEBURG,  t  Butler  co.  Pa. 

LAWRENCEBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Dearborn 

co.  In.  on  the  Ohio,  2  m.  below  the  mouth  of 

the  Miami  river,  28  from  Cincinnati. 

LAWRENCE'S,  v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 


LAWRENCE'S  MILLS,  v.  Clinton  co.  N.Y. 
>y  postroad  177  m.  from  Albany. 

LAWRENCEVILLE,  v.  Tioga  co.  Pa.  by 
xistroad  149  m.  NNW.  from  Harrisburg. 

LAWRENCEVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
N.  C.  109  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Raleigh. 

LAWRENCEVILLE,  v.  Gwinnett  co.  Geo. 
133  m.  NW.  from  Milledgeville. 

LAWRENCEVILLE,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa, 
2  or  3  m.  from  Pittsburg. 

LAWRENCEVILLE,  v.Nansemond  co.  Va. 

LAWRENCEVILLE,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  road  from  Columbus  to  Springfield. 

LAWRENCEVILLE,  t.  Lawrence  co.  II. 

LAWSVILLE,  t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa.  N. 
from  Montrose. 

LAWYERSVILLE,  v.  Schoharie  co.  N.Y. 

LAYTONS,  v.  Essex  co.  Va. 

LEACOCK,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  9  m.  E. 
from  Lancaster. 

LEADING  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  17  m.  above  Gallipolis. 

LEADSVILLE,  v.  Randolph  co.  Va. 

LEAF  RIVER,  r.  Mississippi,  which  joins 
the  Chickasaw,  8  m.  below  the  parallel  of  31° 
N.  lat.  to  form  the  Pascagoula. 

LEAF  RIVER,  v.  Green  co.  Missouri. 

LEAKSVILLE,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.C. 

LEA'S,  v.  Granger  co.  Ten. 

LEASBURG,  t.  Caswell  co.  N.  C.  80  m.  E. 
from  Bethany. 

LEATHERWOOD'S  STORE,  v.  Henry 
co.  Va. 

LEAVENWORTH,  v.  Crawford  co.  In.  on 
the  Ohio  river. 

LEBANON,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Arkansas. 

LEBANON,  t.  York  co.  Me.  on  the  E.  side 
of  Salmonfall  river,  about  20  m.  NW.  of  Ports 
mouth  in  N.  H.  Pop.  2,391. 

LEBANON,  t.  Grafton  co.  N,  H.  on  Con 
necticut  river,  opposite  the  mouth  of  White 
river,  4  m.  below  Dartmouth  college.  A  min 
eral  spring  has  lately  been  discovered  here,  the 
waters  of  which  are  efficacious  in  curing  rheu 
matism  and  cutaneous  disorders.  Pop.  1,86*8. 

LEBANON,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  9  m. 
NW.  from  Norwich,  30  SE.  from  Hartford. 
Pop.  2,552.  It  is  an  excellent  agricultural 
township.  It  contains  four  churches,  and  an 
academy. 

LEBANON,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  35  m. 
SW.  from  Utica,  115  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,249. 

LEBANON,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 

LEBANON,  co.  Pa.  bounded  by  Lancaster 
SE.  Dauphin  SW.  and  NW.  and  Berks  NE. ; 
length  17  m.  width  17.  Its  NW.  boundary  is 
the  Blue  Mountain,  or  Kittatinny  Ridge.  Sta 
ples,  grain,  floux,  whisky  and  iron.  Chief 
town,  Lebanon.  Pop.  1820,  16,988 ;  in  1830 
20,546. 

LEBANON,  v.  Russell  co.  Va.  358  m.  a  little 
S.  of  W.  from  Richmond. 

LEBANON,  v.  Washington  co.  Geo. 

LEBANON,  t.  and  cap.  Wilson  co.  Ten.  25 
m.  E.  from  Nashville.  In  the  vicinity  is  an 
academy. 

LEBANON,  t.  Washington  co.  Ken. 


LEB— LEN 


811 


LEBANON,  bor.  and  cap.  Lebanon  co.  Pa. 
on  Quitapahilla  creek,  25  m.  E.  from  Harris- 
burg,  and  82  WNW.  from  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
3,555.  The  Schuylkill  and  Susquehannah 
rivers  are  connected  at  this  place,  by  a  canal 
between  the  Quitapahilla  and  the  Tulpehocken, 
a  branch  of  Schuylkill  river. 

LEBANON,  t  and  cap.  Warren  co.  Ohio, 
25  m.  S.  from  Dayton,  80  SW.  from  Colum 
bus,  18  E.  from  Hamilton,  34  N.  from  Cincin 
nati.  It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and 
2  churches,  a  bank,  2  market-houses,  a  print- 
infir-office,  and  a  public  library.  Pop.  1,157. 
Lon.  84°  T  W. ;  lat.  39°  25'  N. 

LEBANON,  t  Meigs  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  253. 

LEBANON,  v.  St.  Clair  co.  II.  55  m.  SW. 
from  Vandalia. 

LEBOEUF,  t  Erie  co.  Pa. 

LEE,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  25  m.  NW.  from 
Castine. 

LEE,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  13  m.  NW.  from 
Portsmouth.  Pop.  1,009. 

LEE,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  5  m.  SE.  from 
Lenox,  140  W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,825.  It 
is  watered  by  the  Housatonnuc. 

LEE,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  NW.  from 
Rome.  Pop.  2,514. 

LEE,  Fort,  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Hudson, 
9  m.  above  Bergen. 

LEE,  co.  in  the  SW.  corner  of  Va.  Pop. 
6,461.  Chief  town,  Jonesville. 

LEE,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  418. 

LEECH  LAKE,  Miso.  12  m.  long ;  on  the 
W.  side  is  a  fort  in  lat.  47°  16'  13"  N.  Leech 
river,  which  is  the  outlet  of  the  lake,  forms  the 
SW.  branch  of  the  Mississippi,  and  unites  with 
the  main  branch,  35  m.  below  Little  Winnipec 
Lake. 

LEEDS,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
37  m.  S.  from  Quebec. 

LEEDS,  co.  U.  C.  on  the  St.  Lawrence. 

LEEDS,  t  and  port  of  entry,  Leeds  co.  U.C 
on  the  St.  Lawrence.  It  is  watered  by  Gana- 
noque  river,  which  has  a  good  harbor. 

LEEDS,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  on  the  An- 
droscoggin  river,  20  m.  SW.  from  Augusta 
Pop.  1,685. 

LEEDS,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  on  the  At 
lantic,  4  m.  W.  from  the  mouth  of  Mulicus 
river. 

LEEDS,  or  Leedstown,  t.  Westmoreland  co. 
Va.  14  m.  E.  from  Port  Royal,  40  SE.  from 
Fredericksburg,  70  NE.  from  Richmond.  Near 
this  place  is  a  famous  course  for  horse-racing 

LEESBURG,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Loudon 
co.  Va.  The  neighborhood  is  apparently  of 
soil,  and  well  cultivated. 

LEESBURG,  t.  Harrison  co.  Kent,  10  m 
NW.  from  Paris,  and  22  NE.  from  Frankfort 
Pop.  138. 

LEESBURG,  v.  Washington  co.  Term 
about  80  m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Knoxville. 

LEESBURG,  v.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
225. 

LEESBURG,  v.  Champaign  co.  Ohio. 

LEESBURG,  t  Highland  co.  Ohio,  31  m 
W.  from  Chillicothe.  Pop.  218. 

LEESVILLE,  v.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  52  m 
westerly  from  Albany. 


LEESVILLE,  v.  Campbell  co.  Va.  165  m. 

SW.  by  W.  from  Richmond. 

LEESVILLE,  v.  Lexington  district  S.  C. 
30  m.  from  Columbia. 

LEESVILLE,  v.  Lawrence  co.  In.  76  m. 
3SW.  from  Indianapolis. 

LEE'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  Va.  in  the  Po 
tomac,  2  m.  SE.  from  Thorpe.  It  belongs  to 
Fairfax  co. 

LEE'S  MILLS,  v.  Washington  co.  N.  C. 

LEETOWN,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Va.  84  m. 
NW.  from  W. 

LEHIGH,  co.  Pa.  on  Lehigh  river,  inclosed 
by  the  counties  of  Northampton,  Bucks,  Mont- 
gomery,  Berks,  and  Schuylkill.  Pop.  22,266. 
Allentown  is  the  capital. 

LEHIGH,  t  Northampton  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,659. 

LEHIGH,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  Dela 
ware  at  Easton,  after  a  course  of  75  m.  It  is 
navigable,  by  means  of  canals,  to  the  coal-mines. 

LEHIGHTON,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  on 
the  Lehigh  river. 

LEHIGH  GAP,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

LEICESTER,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Otter 
creek,  42  m.  NW.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  638. 

LEICESTER,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  6  m. 
W.  from  Worcester,  46  WSW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,782.  It  contains  an  academy,  and  sev 
eral  houses  for  public  worship.  The  academy 
was  incorporated  in  1784,  and  is  well  endowed. 
It  has  usually  about  100  students.  Wool-cards 
are  manufactured  in  this  town  to  a  large 
amount. 

LEICESTER,  t.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Genessee  river,  21  m.  SE.  from  Batavia,  240 
W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,042.  It  has  2  vil 
lages,  Moscow  and  Mount  Morris,  and  3  Pres- 
byterian  churches. 

LEINSTER,  co.  L.C.  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
St.  Lawrence. 

LEMINGTON,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt  on  Con- 
necticut  river,  64  m.  NE.  from  Montpeliet 
Pop.  182. 

LEMON,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  on  Miami  river. 
Pop.  3,023. 

LEMPSTER,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.40  m.  W. 
from  Concord.  Pop.  999. 

LENAWEE,  co.  Michigan.  Pop.  1,591 
Tecumseh  is  the  capital. 

LENOIR,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Jones  SE. 
Dublin  SW.  Wayne  W.  Greene  N.  and  Cra 
ven  NE.  Length  20,  width  16  m.  Chief  town 
Kingston,  stands  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Neuse 
river,  above  50  m,  by  water  above  Newborn 
Pop.  7,935. 

LENOIR'S,  v.  Roane  co.  Ten.  E.  from  Mur 
freesborough. 

LENOX,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oneida 
Lake,  and  Erie  canal,  about  28  m.  W.  from 
Utica.  Pop.  5,039. 

LENOX,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Berkshire 
co.  Mass,  half  way  between  Pittsfield  and 
Stockbridge,  and  about  20  m.  E.  of  Hudson 
river,  133  m.  from  Boston,  and  363  from  W. 
In  addition  to  the  ordinary  co.  buildings,  this 
town  contains  an  academy,  and  foundery  for 
casting  hollow  iron  ware.  Pop.  1,355.  Lat. 
42°  21';  Ion.  3°  53'  E.  from  W.  j 


312 


LEN— LEW 


LENOX-CASTLE,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  C. 
16  m  E.  from  Germantown,  and  10  SW.  from 
Danville. 

LENOXVILLE,  t.  and  s-p.  Carteret  co. 
N.  C.  to  the  N.  from  Beaufort,  and  on  a  small 
creek  or  bay  communicating  with  Core  Sound, 
3  m.  W.  from  Beaufort. 

LEOGANE,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  St.  Do 
mingo,  9  leagues  W.  by  S.  Port-au-Prince. 
Lon.  72°  37' W.;  lat.  28°  30' N. 

LEOGANE,  Bay  of,  called  also  Bight  of 
Leogane,  at  the  W.  end  of  the  island  of  St. 
Domingo.  It  opens  between  Cape  St.  Nicholas 
and  Cape  Dame  Marie,  45  leagues  apart. 

LEOMINSTER,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  20 
m.  N.  from  Worcester.  Pop.  1,861.  It  is  on 
Nashua  river,  and  has  numerous  mills  and 
manufactures. 

LEON,  t  Mexico,  in  Guanaxuato,  40  m. 
NW.  from  Guanaxuato.  Lon.  272°  10'  E. ; 
lat  20°  18'  N. 

LEON,  a  city  of  Guatemala,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Nicaragua.  In  the  vicinity  is  a 
mountain  with  a  volcano,  which  sometimes  oc 
casions  earthquakes.  It  is  a  commercial  place, 
seated  near  the  NW.  extremity  of  the  lake 
Nicaragua,  30  m.  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lon. 
87°20'W.;  lat.  12°  30' N. 

LEON,  New,  a  province  in  the  S.  part  of 
New  Mexico,  having  the  gulf  of  Mexico  on 
the  E.  Panuco  on  the  S.  and  New  Biscay  on 
the  W.  It  is  little  known. 

LEONARDSTOWN,  v.  in  St.  Mary's  co. 
Md.  situated  on  the  N.  side  of  Potomac  river, 
33  m.  SE.  of  Port  Tobacco,  and  68  S.  by  E. 
of  W. 

LEONARDSVILLE,  v.  Madison  Co.  N.  Y. 
95  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

LEPAGE,  Seigniory,  Cornwallis  co.  L.  C. 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

LERMA,  t.  Mexico,  9  leagues  WSW.  from 
Lon.  99°  21'  W. ;  lat.  19°  16'  N. 

LEROY,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  E. 
from  Batavia,  38  W.  from  Canandaigua.  It 
contains  a  handsome  village,  with  a  Presbyte 
rian  church.  Pop.  3,909. 

LEROYSVILLE,  t  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 

LET  ART,  t  Meigs  co.  Ohio. 

LET  ART'S  RAPIDS,  in  Ohio  river,  25  m. 
below  Shade  river. 

LETTERKENNY  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa, 

LE VANA,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river, 
2  m.  below  Ripley.  It  contains  a  printing- 
office. 

LEVANT,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  10  m.  NW. 
from  Bangor.  Pop.  747. 

LEVENWORTH,  t.  Crawford  co.  In.  on 
the  Ohio,  at  the  horse-shoe  bend,  12  m.  W. 
from  Corydon,  30  SW.  from  Salem,  25  S.  from 
Paoli. 

LEVERETT,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  10  m. 
FE.  from  Greenfield.  Pop.  939. 

LEVESTON'S,  v.  Franklin  co.  In. 

LEVI  POINT,  point,  L.  C.  on  the  St.  Law 
rence,  opposite  Quebec. 

LEWIS*  CREEK,  r,  Vt.  which  runs  into 
Lake  Champlain,  at  Ferrisburg. 

LEVJ,  Isle  du  Fort,  in  the  river  St.  Law 
rence,  in  front  of  the  township  of  Edwards- 


burgh,  U.  C.  It  lies  about  5  m.  below  Ogdciw- 
burg. 

LEWIS,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  60  m.  NE.  from 
Montpelier. 

LEWIS,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  by  Oneida  S, 
Oswego  SW.  Jefferson  NW.  St.  Lawrence 
NE.  and  Herkimer  E,  Length  50  m.  mean 
width  30  ;  soil  productive  in  grain  and  pastur 
age.  Chief  town,  Martinsburg.  Pop.  in  1820, 
9,227 ;  in  1830,  14,958. 

LEWIS,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  6  m.  N.  from 
Elizabethtown.  Pop.  1,305. 

LEWIS,  co.  Va. bounded  by  Nicholas  S.Ken- 
hawa  SW.  Wood  NW.  Harrison  N.  and  Ran 
dolph  E.  Length  45  m.  mean  width  32 ;  soil 
generally  rather  barren.  Chief  town,  West- 
town.  Pop.  6,241. 

LEWIS,  t.  situated  on  the  Ohio  river,  Brown 
co.  Ohio.  Pop.  2,022. 

LEWIS,  co.  Ken.  on  Ohio  river,  bounded  by 
Fleming  SW.  Mason  W.  Ohio  river  N.  and 
Greene  E.  and  NE.  Length  28  m.  mean  width 
14 ;  soil  productive.  Chief  town,  Clarksburg. 
Pop.  5,206. 

LEWIS,  C.  H.  v.  Lewis  co.  Ken.  103  m, 
NE.  by  E.  from  Frankfort. 

LEWIS  BAY,  harbor  of  Yarmouth,  Barn- 
stable  co.  Mass,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Cape  Cod. 

LEWISBERRY,  v.  York  co.  Pa. 

LEWISBURG,  v.  Preble  co.  Ohio,  81  m 
SW.  by  W.  from  Columbus. 

LEWISBURG,  v.  Union  co.Pa.  on  the  Sus- 
quehannah  river,  7  m.  above  Northumberland. 

LEWISBURG,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Green- 
brier  co.  Va.  60  m.  W.  from  Lexington, 
Rockbridge  co. 

LEWISBURG,  t.  Muhlenburg  co.  Ken.  on 
Green  river,  40  m.  SE.  from  Russellville. 

LEWIS  RIVER,  r.  of  the  Columbia  valley. 
It  is  the  main  middle  fork  of  Columbia,  rises 
about  30°  W.  from  W. ;  lat.  40°  N.  and  flow 
ing  NW.  900  m.  joins  Clark's  river,  and  forms 
the  Columbia. 

LEWIS'  STORE,  v.  Spottsylvania  co.  Va. 
90  m.  SSE.  from  Richmond. 

LEWISTON,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Androscoggin,  13  m.  above  its  junction 
with  the  Kennebeck.  Pop.  1,549. 

LEWISTON,  v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  Ni 
agara  river,  opposite  to  Queenstown,  in  U.  C. 
Lewiston  stands  at  the  head  of  ship  naviga 
tion  from  Lake  Erie.  Steam-boats  ply  regu- 
laxly  from  that  place  to  Sacket's  Harbor. 
Above  Lewiston  to  navigable  water,  above  the 
Falls  of  Niagara,  is  about  8  m.  Pop.  in  1820, 
869 ;  in  1830,  1,528. 

LEWISTON,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Miso.  50 
m.  westerly  from  St.  Louis. 

LEWISTOWN,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Sus 
sex  co.  Del.  on  Lewis  creek,  about  3  m.  from 
the  light-house  at  Cape  Henlopen.  It  supports 
a  small  coasting  trade.  It  is  about  113  m.  & 
of  Philadelphia. 

LEWISTOWN,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Mif- 
flin  co.  Pa.  on  the  N.  side  of  Juniatta  river,  55 
m.  NW.  of  Harrisburg,  and  162  of  Philadel 
phia.  Pop.  1,479. 

LEWISVILLE,  v.  Brunswick  co.  Va.  about 
70  m.  S.  from  Richmond. 


LEW— LEX 


313 


LE  WISVILLE,  v.  Chester  district,  S.  C.  72 
m.  N.  from  Columbia. 

LEWISVILLE,  v.  Blount  co.  Ten,  170  m. 
E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

LEXINGTON  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  11  m. 
NW.  from  Boston.  In  this  town,  April  19th, 
1775,  the  first  blood  was  shed  in  that  revolu 
tion  which  produced  this  flourishing  republic. 
A  monument  has  been  erected  on  the  green  at 
Lexington  in  commemoration  of  this  event. 
Pop.  1,541 

LEXINGTON,  t  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  2,24S, 
LEXINGTON,  v.  Erie  co.  Pa. 
LEXINGTON,  t.  and  capital  of  Rockbridge, 
co.  Va.  about  150  m-  W.  of  Richmond.  It 
stands  about  half  a  mile  S.  of  the  N.  branch 
of  James  river.  Washington  college  was  en 
dowed  by  the  illustrious  man  whose  name  it 
bears,  with  100  shares  of  the  James'  river  com 
pany  stock,  which  produce  an  annual  income 
of  $2,400.  It  has  a  library,  and  philosophical 
apparatus.  The  faculty  are,  a  president,  two 
professors,  and  a  tutor.  Commencement  is  in 
April.  Here  is  likewise  an  institution  for  the 
education  of  young  ladies,  having  a  large  and 
handsome  edifice,  and  teachers  in  all  the 
branches  of  education  commonly  taught  in 
such  schools. 

LEXINGTON,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C.  on  a 
branch  of  the  Yadkin,  136  m.  W.  from  Ra 
leigh. 

LEXINGTON,  district,  S.  C.  bounded  SE., 
S.  and  SW.  by  Orangeburgh,  W.  by  Edge- 
field,  NW.  by  Newberry,  and  NE.  by  Fairfield 
and  Richland,  or  by  Broad  and  Congaree  rivers. 
Length  38  m.  mean  width  27.  Chief  town, 
Granby.  Pop.  9,076. 

LEXINGTON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Ogle. 

thorpe  co.  Geo.  on  Ogeechee  river,  76  m.  NW. 

from  Augusta.     It  is  the  seat  of  an  academy. 

LEXINGTON,  v.  Richland  co.  Ohio,  62  m. 

NNE.  from  Columbus. 

LEXINGTON,  t.  in  the  north-eastern  cor 
ner  of  Stark  co.  Ohio,  in  which  is  a  village  of 
the  same  name.  Pop.  869. 

LEXINGTON,  t.  Jefferson  co.  In. 
LEXINGTON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Fay 
ette  co.  Kent  on  Town-fork,  a  branch  of  Elk- 
horn  river,  25  m.  ESE.  from  Frankfort,  and 
about  85  m.  S.  from  Cincinnati,  and  534  from 
W.  Lat  38°  6'.  Lexington  is  the  commercial 
capital  of  the  state,  and  one  of  its  most  an 
cient  towns.  It  received  its  name  from  some 
hunters,  who  were  encamped  under  the  shade 
of  the  original  forest,  where  it  is  built,  and 
who,  receiving  the  first  intelligence  of  Lexing 
ton  battle  in  Massachusetts,  named  the  town 
after  that,  where  commenced  the  great  strug 
gle  of  American  independence.  It  was  for  a 
long  tune  the  political  metropolis  of  the  state, 
and  the  most  important  town  in  the  West. 
Transylvania  University  has  fair  claims  to  pre 
cedence  among  western  collegiate  institutions 
Its  chief  edifice  was  burnt  two  years  since, 
but  is  now  replaced  by  a  handsome  and  more 
commodious  one.  It  has  twelve  professors  and 
tutors,  and  in  the  academical,  medical,  and  law 
classes,  376  students.  The  buildings  for  the 
medical  department  arc  large  and  commodious 


and  its  library  contains  4,500  volumes  of 
standard  works  in  medicine.  All  the  libraries 
connected  with  the  University  number  14,100 
volumes.  The  law  school  has  25  pupils  ;  and 
the  medical  class  211,  from  all  the  southern 
and  western  states.  The  reputation  of  its  pro 
fessors  has  given  it  a  deservedly  high  stand 
ing.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Peers  is  at  the  head  of  a 
school  gaining  great  reputation,  as  being  the 
only  one  known  in  the  United  States,  the  pu 
pils  of  which  are  professedly  guided  in  their 
whole  discipline,  with  reference  to  the  physical, 
organic,  and  moral  laws  of  our  being.  The 
Female  Academy1,  under  the  care  of  Rev.  Mr 
Woods,  is  in  high  repute,  and  has  100  pupils. 
There  are  various  other  schools  which  concur 
with  these  to  vindicate  the  high  literary  esti 
mation  of  this  city.  The  other  public  edifices 
are  as  follow :  a  handsome  and  spacious  court 
house,  a  large  Masonic  hall,  and  11  churches, 
in  which  several  denominations  of  Christianity 
are  represented.  The  State  Lunatic  Asylum 
is  a  spacious  and  very  commodious  building, 
containing,  on  an  average,  90  deranged  pa 
tients,  under  the  guidance  and  efficient  care  of 
physicians,  surgeons,  and  nurses.  The  U.  S. 
Branch  Bank  has  a  large  banking-house,  in 
which  business  in  the  way  of  discount  and 
negotiation  of  bills,  is  annually  transacted  to 
the  amount  of  $1,700,000.  The  chief  manu 
factures  are  those  of  cotton-bagging,  and  vari 
ous  kinds  of  cordage,  particularly  bale  rope. 
Of  the  former  were  manufactured  in  1830, 
1,000,000  yards ;  and  of  the  latter  2,000,000 
pounds.  There  are  three  factories  for  spin 
ning  and  weaving  wool,  and  five  or  six  for  cot 
ton  ;  and  one  large  and  several  smaller  ma 
chine-making  factories.  In  the  woollen  factories 
are  manufactured  handsome  carpets.  The 
town  buildings  in  general  are  handsome,  and 
some  are  magnificent.  Few  towns  in  the 
West,  or  elsewhere,  are  more  delightfully  situ 
ated.  Its  environs  have  a  singular  softness 
and  amenity  of  landscape,  and  the  town  wear* 
an  air  of  neatness,  opulence,  and  repose,  indi 
eating  leisure  and  studiousness,  rather  thau 
the  bustle  of  business  and  commerce.  It  i& 
situated  in  the  centre  of  a  proverbially  rich 
and  beautiful  country.  The  frequency  of  hand 
some  villas  and  ornamented  rural  mansions, 
imparts  the  impression  of  vicinity  to  an  opu 
lent  metropolis.  A  beautiful  branch  of  the 
Elkhorn  runs  through  the  city,  and  supplies  it 
with  water.  The  main  street  is  a  mile  and  a 
quarter  in  length,  and  80  feet  wide ;  well 
paved,  and  the  principal  roads  leading  from  it 
to  the  country  are  M'Adamized  to  some  dis 
tance.  In  the  centre  of  the  town  is  the  public 
square,  .surrounded  by  handsome  buildings.  In 
this  square  is  the  market-house,  which  is  am 
ply  supplied  with  all  the  products  of  the  state. 
The  inhabitants  are  cheerful,  intelligent,  con 
versable,  and  noted  for  their  hospitality  to 
strangers.  The  professional  men  are  distin 
guished  for  their  attainment*  in  their  several 
walks,  and  many  distinguished  and  eminent 
men  have  had  their  origin  here.  The  Univer 
sity,  with  its  professors  and  students,  and  the 
numerous  distinguished  strangers  that  are  vis 


314 


LEX— LIN 


king  here,  during  the  summer  months,  add  to 
the  attractions  of  the  city.  The  people  are 
addicted  to  giving  parties;  and  the  tone  of 
society  is  fashionable  and  pleasant.  Strangers, 
in  general,  are  much  pleased  with  a  temporary 
sojourn  in  this  city,  which  conveys  high  ideas 
of  the  refinement  and  taste  of  the  country. 
There  are  now  much  larger  towns  in  the 
West;  but  none  presenting  more  beauty  and 
intelligence.  The  stranger,  on  finding  him 
self  in  the  midst  of  its  polished  and  interest 
ing  society,  cannot  but  be  carried  back  by  the 
strong  contrast  to  the  time,  when  the  patri 
archal  hunters  of  Kentucky,  reclining  on  their 
buffalo  robes  around  their  evening  fires,  cano 
pied  by  the  lofty  trees  and  the  stars,  gave  it 
the  name  it  bears,  by  patriotic  acclamation. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  is  6,104. 

LEXINGTON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Hen 
derson  co.  Ten.  on  Beech  river,  a  small  branch 
entering  Tennessee  river  from  the  W.  140  ra. 
SSW.  from  Nashville. 

LEXINGTON,  v.  Scott  co.  In.  95  m.  a  lit 
tle  E.  of  S.  from  Indianapolis. 

LEXINGTON,  t.  Boone  co.  Miso.  163  ra. 
W.  from  St.  Louis. 

LEXINGTON,  C.  H.  and  v.  Lexington  dis 
trict,  S.  C.  12  m.  from  Columbia. 

LEXINGTON  HEIGHTS,  v.  Greene  co. 
N.  Y.  50  m.  from  Albany. 

LEXINGTON  HILL,  v.  Lillard  co.  Miso. 
173  m.  W.  from  St  Louis. 

LEYDEN,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.   Pop.  796. 

LEYDEN,  t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black 
river,  33  m.  N.  from  Utica,  115  NW.  from  Al 
bany.  Pop.  1,502. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  on  Dela 
ware  river.  Pop.  in  1820, 851 ;  in  1830,  1,277. 

LIBERTY,  v.  Tioga  co.  Perm.  123  m.  from 
Harrisburg. 

LIBERTY,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Bedford 
co,  Va.  on  one  of  the  higher  branches  of  Otter 
river,  25  m.  SE.  from  Fincastle. 

LIBERTY,  co.  of  Geo.  bounded  by  the  At 
lantic  Ocean  SE.  M'Intosh  S.  Alatamaha  river 
SW.  Tatnall  NW.  and  Bryan  NE.  length  50 
m.  mean  width  10.  Chief  town,  Riceborough. 
Pop.  in  1820,  6,695;  in  1830,  7,234. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 

LIBERTY,  t.  in  the  S.  part  of  Delaware  co. 
Ohio. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 

LIBERTY,  t.  and  cap.  Amite  co.  Mis.  65 
m.  from  Madisonville. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Union  co.  In. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Smith  co.  Ten.  20  m.  S.  from 
Carthage.1 

LIBERTY,  t.  Casey  co.  Ken.    Pop.  118. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  E.  from 
Hamilton.  Pop.  1,729. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  N.  from 
Wilmington.  Pop.  800. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio,  in  which 
is  Hillsborough,  the  seat  of  justice  for  the  co. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  9  m. 
W.  from  Dayton. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Washington  co.  Missouri. 

LIBERTY,  East,  v.  Marion  co.  Ten.  102 
m.  from  Murfreesborough. 


LIBERTY  CORNER,  v.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 

LIBERTY  HALL,  v.  Morgan  co.  Geo. 

LIBERTY  HALL,  v.  Pittsylvania  co.  Va. 
121  m.  from  Richmond. 

LIBERTY  HALL,  Pendleton  district,  S.  C. 
107  m.  NW.  from  Columbia. 

LIBERTY  HILL,  v.  Kershaw  district, 
S.  C. 

LIBERTY  HILL,  v.  Greene  co.  Al. 

LIBERTY  TOWN,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md. 
12  m.  NE.  Frederickton,  46  from  W. 

LICK,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio. 

LICKING,  r.  Ken.  which  falls  into  the  Ohio 
at  Newport,  after  a  course  of  more  than  180 
miles.  It  is  navigable  70  miles. 

LICKING,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  the  Mus- 
kingum  on  the  W.  opposite  Zanesville.  Near 
its  rnouth  extensive  iron  works  are  erected. 

LICKING,  co.  Ohio.  Sq.  ms.  700.  Pop. 
20,868.  Chief  town,  Newark. 

LICKING,  t  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

LICKING,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  10  m. 
NW.  from  Zanesville. 

LICKING  CREEK,  v.  in  the  SE.  angle  of 
Bedford  co.  Pa.  25  m.  SE.  from  Bedford,  and 
10  m.  N.  from  Hancockstown. 

LICKING-STATION,  v.  Floyd  co.  Ken. 

LICKVILLE,  v.  Greenville  district,  S.  116 
m.  NW.  from  Columbia. 

LICONIA,  v.  Harrison  co.  Indiana. 

LIGONIA,  v.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  81  m.  N. 
from  Portland. 

LIGONIA,  v.  in  the  NE.  angle  of  West- 
moreland  co.  Pa. 

LIGONTON,  v.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

LILY  POINT,  v.  King  William  co.  Va. 
36  m,  NE.  from  Richmond. 

LIMA,  t.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  16  m.  W. 
from  Canandaigua.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,963 ;  in 
1830,  1,764. 

LIME  CREEK,  v.  Monroe  co.  Alabama. 

LIMERICK,  t.  York  co.  Me.  about  12  m. 
W.  of  the  river  Saco.  Pop.  in  1820, 1,377 ;  in 
1830,  1,426. 

LIMERICK,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 

LIMERICK,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  on  the 
NE.  side  of  the  Schuylkill,  5  m.  E.  from  Potts- 
grove,  and  25  W.  from  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
1,744. 

LIME  ROCK,  v.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  6  m 
from  Providence. 

LIMESTONE  CREEK,  r.  Ten.  the  NE. 
branch  of  Nolachucky  river. 

LIMESTONE,  co.  Alabama,  bounded  by 
Tennessee  river  SW.  Lauderdale  co.  W.  Giles 
co.  in  Tennessee  N.  and  Madison  co.  in  AL 
E. ;  length  30  m.  width  24.  Much  of  the  soil 
is  excellent.  Chief  town,  Cotton-Port.  Pop. 
in  1820,  9,871 ;  in  1830, 14,843. 

LIMINGTON,  t.  York  co.  Me.  on  the  W. 
side  of  Saco  river,  4  m.  W.  of  Standish,  and 
22  W.  of  Portland.  Pop.  2,320. 

LINARES,  t.  Mexico,  in  New  Leon,  be 
tween  Bravo  and  St.  Fernando  rivers.  Lon. 
from  W.  22°  20' ;  lat.  25°  50'. 

LINCHANCHIA,  t.  Yucatan,  25  m.  N.  of 
Merida. 

LINCOLN,  co.  Niagara  district,  U.  C.  on 
Niagara  river,  at  its  rnouth. 


LIN— LIT 


315 


LINCOLN,  t.  Sunbury  co.  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  river  St.  John. 

LINCOLN,  co.  Maine,  on  both  sides  of  the 
Kennebeck;  bounded  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
S.  Kennebeck  Bay  and  Androscoggin  river 
SW.  Kennebeck  co.  NW.  Hancock  NE.  and 
Penobscot  Bay  E.  Length  45  m.  mean  width 
25.  Soil  productive  in  grain  and  pasturage. 
Chief  town,  Wiscasset.  Pop.  in  1820,  53,189 ; 
in  1830,  57,181. 

LINCOLN,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  between 
the  sources  of  the  Merrimack  and  Ammo- 
noosuch  rivers,  60  m.  above  Concord.  Pop.  50. 

LINCOLN,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  21  m.  SW. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  639. 

LINCOLN,  t  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  Pop. 
709. 

LINCOLN,  co.  N.C.  bounded  by  South  Ca 
rolina  S.  Rutherford  W.  Burke  NW.  Iredell 
or  Catawba  river  NE.  and  Catawba  river  or 
Mecklenburg  E. ;  length  48  m.  mean  width  25. 
Soil  on  the  streams  excellent.  Chief  staple, 
cotton.  Chief  town,  Lincolnton.  Pop.  in  1820, 
18,147 ;  in  1830,  22,625. 

LINCOLN,  co.  Geo.  on  Savannah  river; 
bounded  by  Columbia  SE.  Wilkes  SW.  and 
Savannah  river  NE ;  length  22  m.  mean  width 
10.  Chief  town  Lincolnton.  Pop.  in  1820, 
6,458;  in  1830,  6,137. 

LINCOLN,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Pulaski 
SE.  Casey  SW.  and  W.  Mercer  NW.  Garrard 
NE.  and  Rockcastle  E. ;  length  27  m.  mean 
width  17.  Chief  towns,  Stanford  and  Crab- 
orchard.  Pop.  in  1820,  9,979;  in  1830, 11,012. 

LINCOLN,  co.  W.  Ten.  bounded  by  Madison 
co.  in  Al.  S.  by  Giles  co.  in  Ten.  W.  Bedford 
N.  and  Franklin  E. ;  length  25  m.  breadth  23. 
Staple,  cotton.  Chief  town,  Fayetteville.  Pop. 
in  1820,  14,761 ;  in  1830, 22,086. 

LINCOLN,  v.  Mercer  co.  Ken.  on  Dick's 
river. 

LINCOLN,  co.  Miso.  bounded  by  Missis- 
sippi  river  E.  Cuivre  river  SE.  Montgomery 
co.  SW.  and  W.  and  by  Pike  NW.  and  N. ; 
length  24  m.  breadth  22.  Pop.  4,060.  Chief 
town,  Troy. 

LINCOLNTON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Lin 
coln  co.  N.  C.  on  Little  Catawba,  150  m.  SW. 
by  W.  from  Raleigh,  and  31  NW.  from  Char 
lotte. 

LINCOLNTON,  t.  and  cap.  Lincoln  co. 
Geo.  40  m.  NW.  from  Augusta. 

LINDEN,  v.  Marengo  co.  Alabama. 

LINDLEY'S  STORE,  v.  Albemarle  co. 
Va. 

LINDLEY'S  STORE,  v.  Orange  co.  N.C. 

LINDSEY'S  MILLS,  v.  Trigg  co.  Ken. 

LINDSLEYSTOWN,  v.  Steuben  co.  N.Y. 

LINE  CREEK,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Al. 

LINGWICK,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  80  m. 
SE.  Three  Rivers. 

LINK  LEAIR,  v.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 

LINTON,  Coshocton  co.  Ohio. 

LISBON,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  the  An 
droscoggin,  23  m.  W.  from  Wiscasset.  Pop. 
2,432. 

LISBON,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Geo.  at  the  junction 
of  Broad  and  Savannah  rivers. 


LISBON,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  on  the 
Quinebaug,  7  m.  N.  from  Norwich,  45  SE 
from  Hartford.  Pop.  1,166. 

LISBON,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  3  miles  below  Ogdensburg-. 
Pop.  1,891. 

LISBON,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio. 

LISBON,  v.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.    Pop.  1,585. 

LISBURN,  v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

LISBURN,  cape,  on  the  NW.  coast  of 
America. 

LISLE,  t.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  N.  from 
Binghampton,  120  m.  from  Albany.  Pop.  4,393. 

LISLE,  v.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 

LITCHFIELD,  t  Lincoln  co.  Me.  25  m. 
NW.  from  Wiscasset,  10  from  Hallowell.  Pop. 
2,308. 

LITCHFIELD,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. 
on  the  Merrimack,  30  m.  S.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  505. 

LITCHFIELD,  co.  Ct.  Soil  is  fertile.  Pop. 
42,855.  Chief  town,  Litchfield. 

LITCHFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  Litchfield  co. 
Ct.  30  m.  W.  from  Hartford,  38  NNW.  from 
New  Haven.  Lon.  73°  15'  W.;  lat.  41°  42'  N. 
Pop.  4,458.  It  is  an  elevated  township ;  Mount 
Tom,  near  the  SW.  corner,  is  700  feet  above 
the  river  at  its  base.  Litchfield  Great  Pond, 
the  largest  in  the  state,  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of 
water,  comprising  an  area  of  about  900  acres. 
At  its  outlet  are  numerous  valuable  mill-seats. 
There  are  in  Litchfield  4  forges,  1  slitting- 
mill,  1  nail  manufactory,  18  saw-mills,  6  full 
ing-mills,  5  large  tanneries,  besides  several 
other  manufacturing  establishments.  There 
are  8  houses  of  public  worship ;  4  for  Congre 
gationalists,  3  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Bap 
tists.  In  the  Society  of  South  Farms  in  Morris 
Academy,  a  flourishing  institution,  established 
in  1790,  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages  are 
taught,  and  particular  attention  is  paid  to  the 
morals  of  the  students.  Litchfield  village,  in 
corporated  in  1818,  is  pleasantly  situated  along 
the  summit  of  a  hill,  commanding  an  extensive 
and  delightful  prospect.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  bank,  2  meeting-houses,  and  84 
dwelling-houses.  Here  also  is  a  private  school 
for  young  ladies,  which  maintains  a  very  dis 
tinguished  reputation.  The  Litchfield  Law 
School  was  established  in  1784,  by  the  Hon. 
Tapping  Reeve.  This  has  been  justly  con 
sidered  as  the  most  respectable  and  systematic 
law  school  in  the  United  States.  The  number 
of  students  educated  since  its  establishment  is 
more  than  600. 

LITCHFIELD,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N  Y  10 
m.  SW.  from  Herkimer,  10  S.  from  Utica. 
Pop.  1,750. 

LITCHFIELD,  v.  Bradford  co.  Pa.  193  m. 
N.  from  Harrisburg. 

LITCHFIELD,  v.  Grayson  co.  Ken.  70  m. 
SSW.  from  Louisville. 

LITIZ,  t.  in  Warwick  township,  Lancaster 
co.  Pa.  on  a  branch  of  Conestoga  creek,  8  m 
N.  from  Lancaster,  66  W.  by  N.  from  Phila 
delphia.  It  is  settled  by  Moravians,  and  con 
tains  about  300  inhabitants,  a  church,  and  an 
academy. 


316 


LIT— LLO 


LITTLE  BEAVER,  r.  which  rises  in  Ohio, 
and  joins  Ohio  river  in  Pennsylvania,  after  a 
SE.  course  of  30  m, 

LITTLE  BEAVER  BRIDGE,  v.Columbi- 
ana  co.  Ohio,  55  m.  NW.  from  Pittsburg. 

LITTLE  BRITAIN,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

LITTLE  BRITAIN,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
It  is  situated  on  the  W.  side  of  Octorara  creek. 

LITTLE  COMPTON  t  Newport  co.  R,  I. 
It  is  famous  for  its  dairies.  Pop.  1,378. 

LITTLE  FALLS,  v.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y. 
There  is  a  canal  round  Little  Falls  in  the  Mo 
hawk,  at  this  place. 

LITTLE  HOCKHOCKING,  a  stream  in 
the  S.  part  of  Washington  co.  Ohio,  running 
into  the  Ohio  river,  5  m.  below  the  mouth  of 
Great  Hockhocking. 

LITTLE  HOCKHOCKING,  v.  Washing, 
ton  eo,  Ohio,  116  m,  SE,  from  Columbus. 

LITTLE  INDIAN  CREEK,  small  stream 
of  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  putting  into  the  Ohio  r. 
2  m.  below  Big  Indian  creek. 

LITTLE  MACKINAW,  r.  II.  which  now 
runs  into  the  E,  side  of  Illinois  r.  15  m.  below 
Fort  Clark.  It  is  navigable  90  m. 

LITTLE  MIAMI,  r.  rising  in  the  SW.  cor- 
ner  of  Madison  co.  and  after  running  SW. 
above  70  m.  across  Clark,  Green,  Warren,  and 
Hamilton  cos.  joins  the  Ohio,  7  m.  above  Cin 
cinnati.  It  is  one  of  the  best  mill-streams  in 
the  state,  and  is  improved  to  a  considerable  ex 
tent,  having  above  50  mills  of  various  kinds  on 
it.  For  navigation,  it  is  of  little  consequence, 
but  for  mills,  is  preferable  to  the  Great  Miami. 

LITTLE  MISSOURI,  the  name  of  2  rivers 
of  the  U.  S.  one  a  branch  of  Missouri,  joining 
that  stream  from  the  SW.  90  m.  above  the 
Mandan  villages ;  and  the  other,  a  branch  of 
Wachitta,  in  Arkansas,  rises  with  the  Little 
river  of  the  N.  flows  E.  and  falls  into  the  Wa- 
shitau  from  the  W. 

LITTLE  MISSOURI,  t.  Arkansas  Terri 
tory,  on  Little  Missouri  river,  a  S.  branch  of 
the  Wachitta, 

LITTLE  PLYMOUTH,  v.  King  and 
Queen  co.  Va. 

LITTLE  REST,  v.  of  South  Kingston,  and 
cap.  of  Washington  co.  R.  I.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  bank,  and  a  Congregational 
church. 

LITTLE  RIVER,  r.  which  rises  in  N.  C. 
and  runs  into  the  Pedee.  It  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  between  North  Carolina  and 
South  Carolina. 

LITTLE  RIVER,  r.  Geo.  which  runs  into 
the  Savannah,  30  m.  above  Augusta. 

LITTLE  RIVER,  r.  Geo.  which  runs  into 
the  Oconee,  about  12  m.  above  Milledgeville. 

LITTLE  RIVER,  r.  Christian  eo.  Ken.  runs 
into  the  E.  side  of  the  Cumberland. 

LITTLE  RIVER,  r,  Indiana,  which  runs 
into  the  Wabash,  above  Vincennes. 

LITTLE  ROCK,  or  Arkapolis,  the  seat  of 
government  of  Arkansas  territory,  is  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Arkansas,  where  the  first  hills  oc. 
cur  in  ascending  the  river.  The  land  here  is 
elevated  150  or  200  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
river;  and  has  good  springs  of  water.  The 
great  road  from  St.  Louis  to  the  Wachitta  and 


Natchitoches  passes  through  this  place.  The 
settlement  was  commenced  in  1820.  Here  ia 
a  printing-office,  from  which  a  newspaper  is 
issued.  It  is  300  m.  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Arkansas,  130  below  Dwight,  and  50  from  the 
Wachitta. 

LITTLE  SANDY  SALT-WORKS,  v.  in 
Greenup  co.  Ken.  *  , 

LITTLETON,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  Con 
necticut  river,  75  m.  N.  from  Concord  (the 
capital).  Pop.  1,435.  Here  is  a  bridge  across 
the  river  to  Concord. 

LITTLETON,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  28  m. 
WNW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  947. 

LITTLETON,  t.  Sussex  co.  Va. 

LITTLETON,  v.  Warren  co.  N.  C.  67  m. 
SE.  from  Raleigh. 

LITTLETON'S  ISLAND,  small  island  in 
the  Florida  stream.  Lon.  81°  40'  W.;  lat. 
24°  42'  N. 

LITTLETON  VILLAGE,  t.  in  the  N.  part 
of  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  91  m.  N.  from  Concord. 

LITTLE  VALLEY,  t.  Cataraugus  co.  N.Y. 
Pop.  337. 

LITTLE  YORK,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio, 
77  m,  SW.  from  Columbus. 

LITTLE  YORK,  v.  Hardin  co.  Ken.  91  m. 
SW.  from  Frankfort 

LIVERMORE,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  on  the 
Androscoggin,  18  m.  NE.  from  Paris,  78  from 
Portland.  Pop.  2,456. 

LIVERPOOL,  v.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  3  m. 
from  Salina. 

LIVERPOOL,  v.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Perry 
co.  Pa.  on  the  right  bank  of  Susquehannah  r. 
about  30  m.  above  Harrisburg. 

LIVERPOOL,  v.  York  co.  Pa.  6  m.  N.  from 
the  borough  of  York. 

LIVERPOOL,  v.  Medina  co.  Ohio,  170  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus. 

LIVINGSTON,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
2,087.  It  is  situated  40  m.  S.  from  Albany, 
on  the  river  Hudson. 

LIVINGSTON,  co.  N.  Y.  on  both  sides  of 
Genesee  river,  bounded  S.  by  Steuben  and  Al- 
leghany,  W.  by  Genqsee,  N.  by  Monroe,  and 
E.  by  Ontario ;  length  30  m.  width  20.  Pop. 
27,709.  Genesee  is  the  capital. 

LIVINGSTON,  v.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  54  m. 
NE.  from  Trenton. 

LIVINGSTON,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Ten 
nessee  river  SW.  by  Ohio  river  W.  and  NW. 
by  Trade  Water  river,  or  Union  co.  NE.  and 
Caldwell  co.  SE. ;  length  47  m.  mean  width  15. 
Much  of  the  soil  is  highly  fertile.  Pop.  1820, 
5,824;  in  1830,  6,607.  Chief  town,  Salem. 

LIVINGSTON,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  3  m. 
SE.  from  Circleville, 

LIVINGSTON'S  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  which 
runs  into  the  W.  side  of  the  NW.  branch  of 
Cape  Fear  river. 

LIVINGSTONVILLE,  v.  Schoharie  co. 
N.  Y.  22  m.  W.  from  Albany. 

LIVONIA,  t  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  between 
Genesee  and  Hemlock  Lake,  20  m.  SW.  from 
Canandaigua.  Pop.  2,665. 

LIVONIA,  v.  Washington  co.  In.  97  m.  S. 
from  Indianapolis. 

LLOYD'S,  v.  Essex  co.  Va. 


LLO— LON 


317 


'    LLOYD'S  LAKE,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Florida.    Lon.  80°  50'  W. ;  lat.  25°  18'  N. 

LLOYD'S  NECK,  a  peninsula,  N.  Y.  on 
N.  shore  of  Long  Island,  forming  the  west 
side  of  Huntington  bay. 

LOCHABER,  t.  York  co.  L.  C.  on  Ottawa 
river. 

LOCKE,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  23  m.  SSE. 
from  Auburn.  Pop.  3,310. 

LOCKPORT,  very  thriving  v.  of  Niagara 
co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Erie  canal,  220  m.  by  the  ca 
nal  W.  from  Utica,  and  by  the  canal  34  NNE. 
from  Buffalo.  It  is  at  this  village  that  the  first 
series  of  locks,  from  lake  Erie,  occurs  in  the 
canal,  and  brings  the  water  from  the  Erie  level 
to  that  of  Rochester,  by  5  double  locks  of  12 
feet  each.  The  village  is  on  the  high  ground 
above  the  locks.  Lat.  43°  12'  N. ;  Ion  1°  45' 
W.  from  W.  Pop.  in  1823,  500 ;  in  1830, 
3,823. 

LOCKWOOD,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  78  m.  N. 
from  Trenton. 

LOCUST  GROVE,  v.  Orange  co.  Va.  86  m. 
NW.  from  Richmond. 

LODIMONT,  v.  Abbeville  district,  S.C.  134 
m.  W.  from  Columbus. 

LODO,  Cape,  or  Mad  Cape,  on  the  coast  of 
Louisiana,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  r. 
Lon.  71°  42'  W. ;  lat.  29°  10'  N. 

LOFTUS'  HEIGHTS,  v.  Wilkinson  co. 
Mis.  on  the  Mississippi  river,  38  m.  by  land 
above  Natchez,  51  by  the  river. 

LOFTY  MOUNT,  hill  on  S.  coast  of  New 
Holland.  Lon.  138°  42'  E. ;  lat.  34°  59'  S. 

LOGAN,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  Hardin 
E.  by  Union,  S.  by  Champaign,  SW.  by  Miami 
W.  by  Shelby,  and  NW.  by  Allen.  Length 
26  m.  breadth  21.  The  land  is  tolerably  level 
%nd  fertile.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,181;  in  1830, 
6,442.  Chief  town,  Bellefontaine. 

LOGAN,  v.  and  seat  of  justice  for  Hocking 
co.  Ohio,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Hocking  river,  18 
m.  SE.  from  Lancaster.  Pop.  97. 

LOGAN,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Ten.  Todd 

co.  Ken.  W.  Muhlenburg  NW.  Butler  N.  and 

Simpson  NE.     Length  30  m.  mean  width  21 

Soil  excellent.   Pop.  in  1820, 14,  423 ;  in  1830 

13,002.    Chief  town,  Russellville. 

LOGAN,  t.  Wayne  co.  Missouri. 

LOGGERHEAD  KEY,  El  Contoy,  small 

isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras,  near  the  coast  oi 

Yucatan.    Lon.  87°  45'  W. ;  lat  21°  25'  N. 

LOMBARD  Y,  v.  Amelia  co.  Va.  50  m.  SW 
from  Richmond. 

LOMBARD  Y,  v.  Columbia  co.  Geo.  64  m 
from  Milledgeville. 

LOMBARDY  GROVE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co 
Va.  110  m.  from  Richmond. 

LONDON,  t.  U.  C.  on  the  Thames,  abou 
100  m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Detroit,  and  150  SW 
by  W.  from  York. 

LONDON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Madison 
co.  Ohio,  25  m.  W.  by  S.  from  Columbus 
Pop.  249. 

LONDON,  t.  Ann-Arundel  co.  Md.  5 
SW.  from  Annapolis. 

LONDON  BRIDGE,  v.  Princess  Anne  co 

Va.  140  m.  SE.  from  Richmond. 

LONDONDERRY,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H 


5  m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth,  and  37  NW.  from 
Sewburyport,  Mass.     Pop.  1,469. 

LONDONDERRY,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  27 
i.  SW.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,302. 

LONDON  HARBOR,  a  bay  of  the  island 
f  St  John,  on  its  N.  side. 

LONGACOMING,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 

6  m.  SE.  from  Philadelphia. 

LONG  BAY,  that  part  of  the  Atlantic  coast 
f  the  U.  S.  between  the  mouths  of  the  Pedee 
and  Cape  Fear  rivers. 

LONG  BEACH,  on  the  coast  of  Monmouth 
o.  N.  J.  is  a  low  sandy  island  extending  from 
Jarnegat  Inlet,  to  Little  Egg  Harbor. 

LONG  BEACH,  U.  C.  on  Lake  Ontario. 
"Yom  its  W.  point  the  boundary  between  York 
nd  Durham  counties  commences. 

LONG  CANE  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  which  runs 
nto  the  Savannah  river.  Lon.  82°  11'  W. ; 
at  33°  45'  N. 

LONG  ISLAND,  an  island  of  N.  Y.  sepa 
rated  from  Connecticut  by  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  divided  into  3  counties,  Kings,  Queens, 
and  Suffolk.  It  extends  from  the  Narrows  E. 
40  m.  but  is  not  more  than  10m.  broad  on  a 
medium.  Pop.  69,793. 

LONG  ISLAND,  island,  in  Penobscot  Bay, 
Vlaine.  On  this  island  is  the  town  of  Isles- 
)orough. 

LONG  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  Chesapeake 
Say,  near  the  coast  of  Virginia,  at  the  mouth 
of  York  river. 

LONG  ISLAND,  or  Great  Island,  in  Hols- 
ion  river,  Tennessee,  43  m.  from  Abingdon, 
Va.  and  100  above  Knoxville. 

LONG  ISLAND,  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Jamaica.  Lon.  76°  58'  W. ;  lat.  17°  51'  N. 

LONG  ISLAND,  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of 
Antigua.  Lon.  61°  28'  W. ;  lat.  17°  17'  N. 

LONG  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Hudson's  Straits. 
Lon.  75°  W. ;  lat  61°  N. 

LONG  ISLAND,  one  of  the  smaller  Ber 
mudas. 

LONG  ISLAND,  small  isl.  U.  S.  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  near  the  coast  of  Florida. 
Lon  82°  55'  W. ;  lat.  27°  50'  N. 

LONG  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Green  Bay,  W.  of 
Lake  Michigan. 

LONG  ISLAND  SOUND,  25  m.  broad  and 
140  long,  extending  the  whole  length  of  Long 
Island,  and  dividing  it  from  Connecticut  It 
communicates  with  the  Atlantic  at  both  ends 
of  the  island. 

LONG  KEY,  Middle,  North,  and  South,  3 
small  islands  in  the  Bay  of  Honduras,  near 
the  coast  of  Mexico.  Lon.  88°  50'  W.;  lat 
16°  57'  N. 

LONG  MEADOW,  t  Hampden  co.  Masa 
on  the  left  side  of  Connecticut  river,  6  m.  be 
low  Springfield.  .  Pop.  1,257. 

LONGMIRE'S,  v.  Monroe  co.  Alabama. 
LONG  POINT,  or  Abineau,  peninsula, 
U.  C.  in  Lake  Erie,  projecting  18  m.  into  the 
lake.  Boats  are  taken  across  it  about  4  miles 
from  the  main,  where  it  is  only  about  20  yards 
wide. 

LONG  POND,  in  Cumberland  co.  Maine, 
chiefly  in  Bridgetown,  10m.  long,  and  1  broad, 
connected  by  Sungo  river  with  Sebago  lake 


318 


LON— LOU 


LONG  POND,  lake,  Orange  co.  N.Y.on 
the  confines  of  the  state ;  it  is  about  16  m.  in 
circumference,  and  discharges  its  waters  into 
a  branch  of  Passaic  river. 

LONG  PRAIRIE,  v.  Arkansas,  175  m.  from 
Little  Rock. 

LONG  REACH,  a  remarkable  long  and 
straight  portion  of  the  Ohio  river,  stretching 
17  m.  along  the  NE.  borders  of  Washington 
co.  Ohio. 

LONG  SAUT,  Isle  au,  in  the  river  St.  Law 
rence,  and  in  front  of  the  township  of  Osna- 
bruck,  contains  from  1000  to  1500  acres ;  the 
soil  is  good.  It  lies  off  the  NE.  angle  of  St. 
Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

LONG  SHOAL,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into 
Pamlico  Sound,  long.  76°  4'  W. ;  lat  35° 
21' N, 

LONG  SHOAL  POINT,  cape,  on  the  coast 
of  N.  C.  at  the  mouth  of  Long  Shoal  river. 
Lon.  76°  2'  W. ;  lat.  35°  22'  N. 

LONG  SHOALS,  an  expansion  of  Cumber- 
land  river  in  Pulaski  co.  Ken.  It  contains 
several  islands. 

LONG'S  MILL,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  C.  74  m. 
NW.  from  Raleigh. 

LONGTOWN,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C.  150  m. 
W.  from  Raleigh. 

LONICERA,  v.  Baldwin  co.  Geo.  11  m. 
from  Milledgeville. 

LOOKOUT,  Cape,  one  of  those  remarkable 
promontories  of  N.  C.  It  is  the  SW.  point  of 
Ocracock  bar,  and  the  SW.  outlet  of  Core 
Sound. 

LOOKOUT,  Mountain,  one  of  the  Apalachi- 
an  ridges  in  the  NW.  part  of  Georgia,  termi 
nating  near  the  Suck  in  Tennessee  river. 

LOOKOUT,  Point,  a  narrow  strip  of  land, 
Md.  at  the  junction  of  the  Potomac  with  Ches 
apeake  Bay. 

LOOP,  v.  Giles  co.  Va.  275  m.  W.  from 
Richmond. 

LORAIN,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  Lake 
Erie,  W.  by  Huron,  S.  by  Richland  and  Wayne, 
and  E.  by  Medina  and  Cuyahoga ;  length  30 
m.  mean  width  23.  Pop.  5,696.  Elyria  is  the 
capital. 

LORAMIE,  t.  Shelby  co.  Ohio. 

LORAMIE'S  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs 
into  the  Miami  above  Piqua. 

LORENZO,  San,  t.  Mexico,  province  of 
New  Biscay,  with  500  inhabitants,  whose  em 
ployment  consists  in  cultivating  the  grape. 

LORETTO,  t.  Cambria  co.  Pa. 

LORETTO,  v.  Essex  co.  Va.  77  m.  NE. 
from  Richmond. 

LORRAINE,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  20  m. 
from  Sacket's  Harbor.  Pop.  1,727. 

LOST  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
the  E.  side  of  the  Miami,  in  Miami  co. 

LOST  CREEK,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio. 

LOST  CREEK,  r.  Vigo  co.  In.  which  flows 
towards  the  E.  side  of  the  Wabash,  but  before 
reaching  it  is  lost  in  the  sands. 

LOST  RUN,  r.  Vigo  co.  In.  which  runs  to 
wards  Otter  creek,  but  before  reaching  it  is 
lost  in  the  sands. 

LOUDON,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.  on  the 


E.  side  of  Merrimack  river,  45  m.  NW.  from 
Portsmouth.  Pop.  1,642. 

LOUDON,  v.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  63  m.  SW. 
from  Harrisburg. 

LOUDON,  co.  Va.  bounded  SE.  by  Fairfax, 
SW.  by  Prince  William  and  Fauquier,  NW. 
by  Frederick  and  Jefferson,  and  NE.  by  the 
Potomac  river.  Soil  excellent.  Staples,  grain 
and  flour.  Chief  town,  Leesburg.  Pop.  21,938. 

LOUDONVILLE,  t.  in  the  south-eastern 
quarter  of  Richland  co.  Ohio,  66  m.  NE.  from 
Columbus. 

LOUGHBOROUGH,  t.  Frontenac  co.  U.  C. 

LOUGHBOROUGH  CANAL,  inlet  on  the 
NW.  coast  of  America,  in  the  Gulf  of  Georgia, 
30  m.  long  and  1  broad.  Lon.  234°  35'  E.; 
lat.  50°277N. 

LOUGHERTY'S  CREEK,  r.  In.  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio,  11  m.  below  the  mouth  of 
Miami  river. 

LOUIS,  St.  s-p.  and  fortress,  St.  Domingo, 
on  the  SW.  coast,  at  the  head  of  a.  bay  of  its 
name.  The  exports  are  coffee,  cotton,  and  in 
digo.  70  m.  WSW.  of  Port  au  Prince.  Lon. 
73°32'W.;  lat.  18°  16' N. 

LOUIS,  St.  lake  of  N.  America,  formed  by 
the  junction  of  the  Ottawa  with  the  St.  Law 
rence.  It  is  12  m.  long  and  6  broad. 

LOUIS,  St.  river  of  N.  America,  which  has 
its  source  near  the  eastern  head-waters  of  the 
Mississippi,  and  falls  into  Lake  Superior  on 
the  west  shore.  It  is  navigable  150  m.  Lon, 
91°  52'  W.;  lat.  46°  44'  N. 

LOUIS,  St.  co.  Missouri,  on  the  Mississippi. 
Pop.  14,907. 

LOUIS,  St.  the  capital  of  the  above  county, 
and  the  chief  commercial  town  in  the  state 
of  Missouri.  It  is  situated  18  m.  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Missouri,  between  30  and  40  be 
low  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois,  and  nearly  200 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  Nature  seldom 
offers  a  more  delightful  site  for  a  town.  In 
many  respects  it  resembles  that  of  Albany  in 
New  York.  It  is  on  a  kind  of  second  bottom, 
that  rises  gently  from  the  water  to  a  second 
bank.  The  ascent  to  this  is  not  at  all  pre 
cipitous.  Having  surmounted  this  bank,  an 
extensive  plain  opens  to  view.  It  is  accessible 
by  steam-boats  from  New  Orleans  at  the  lowest 
stages  of  the  water.  The  town  was  founded 
by  the  French  from  Canada  in  1764,  and  many 
of  the  inhabitants  are  still  French.  Here  is  a 
Catholic  college  and  cathedral.  A  considerable 
part  of  the  western  fur-trade  centres  here,  and 
the  town  is  otherwise  well  situated  for  com 
merce.  The  passage  to  New  Orleans  is  1,200 
miles  by  the  river,  and  there  are  6  steam-boats 
constantly  plying  between  these  two  places. 
For  a  more  full  account  of  steam-boats,  see 
State  of  Missouri.  The  town  is  regularly  laid 
out,  and  extends  2  m.  along  the  river.  Pop. 
5,852.  Lat.  38°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  56'  W. 

LOUISA,  co.  central  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Orange  and  Spottsylvania  cos.  E.  by 
Hanover  co.  S.  by  Goochland  and  Fluvana  cos, 
and  W.  by  Albemarle  co.  Pop.  16,151. 

LOUISIANA,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Pike 
co.  Miso.  96  m.  N.  from  St.  Louis.  It  is  situ- 


LOU— LOW 


319 


ated  on  the  Mississippi,  at  the  mouth  of  Salt 
*iver. 

LOUISIANA,  State  of.    See  page  118. 

LOUISBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co.  N.C. 
on  Tar  river,  23  miles  NE.  from  Raleigh,  55 
WNW.  from  Tarborough,  256  from  W.  It 
contains  2  academies,  one  for  males,  and  the 
other  for  females. 

LOUISTOWN,  v.  Talbot  co.  Md.  10  m.  NE. 
from  Easton. 

LOUISVILLE,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  St.  Lawrence  25  m  E.  from  Ogdens- 
burg,  568  from  W.  Pop.  1,076. 

LOUISVILLE,  t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap. 
Jefferson  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio,  at  the  head  of 
the  Rapids,  140  m.  by  the  river  below  Cincin 
nati,  52  W.  from  Frankfort,  137  S.  of  E.  from 
Vincennes,  and  590  from  W.  The  position  of 
this  city  is  38°  18'  N.  and  5°  42'  W.  from  W. 
It  contained  in  1800,  600  inhabitants ;  1810, 
1,350 ;  1820,  4,012 ;  1830, 10,336,  having  more 
than  doubled  its  population  within  the  last  10 
years.  Louisville,  in  a  commercial  point  of 
view,  is  far  the  most  important  town  in  the 
state.  The  main  street  is  nearly  a  mile  in 
length,  and  is  as  noble  as  compact,  and  has  as 
much  the  air  of  a  maritime  town,  as  any 
street  in  the  western  country.  It  is  situated 
on  an  extensive  sloping  plain,  below  the  mouth 
of  Beargrass,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  above 
the  principal  declivity  of  the  falls.  The  three 
principal  streets  run  parallel  with  the  river, 
and  command  fine  views  of  the  villages  and 
the  beautiful  country  on  the  opposite  shore. 
The  public  buildings  are  a  court-house,  jail, 
poor-house,  and  work-house,  powder  magazine, 
marine  hospital,  city  school-house,  8  churches 
for  the  prevalent  denominations  of  the  country, 
Washington  Hall,  Columbian  Inn,  and  other 
respectable  hotels,  City  Hall,  United  States 
Branch  Bank,  house  of  Fire  and  Marine  In 
surance  Company,  Iron  Foundery,  Jefferson 
Cotton  Factory,  5  steam-mills,  Union  Hall,  and 
Theatre.  The  marine  hospital  is  a  conspicu 
ous  and  showy  building.  The  free  public 
school-house  is  a  noble  edifice,  taking  into 
view  its  object.  It  was  commenced  in  1829, 
as  a  kind  of  model  school  for  a  general  system 
of  free  schools ;  and  was  built  at  an  expense 
of  7,500  dollars.  It  is  intended  to  accommo 
date  700  or  800  pupils.  The  greatest  fall  in 
the  Ohio  is  just  below  this  city.  In  high 
stages  of  water,  the  rocks  and  shallows  are 
all  covered,  and  boats  pass  without  perceiving 
them.  But  this  stage  of  water  does  not  occur, 
on  an  average,  more  than  two  months  in  the 
year,  rendering  it  necessary  at  all  other  times, 
that  boats  from  the  lower  country  should  stop 
here.  The  falls  equally  arrested  boats  from 
above.  Consequently  freights  intended  for  the 
country  above  were  required,  at  a  great  ex 
pense  of  time,  delay,  and  factorage,  to  be  un 
loaded,  transported  by  land  round  the  falls,  and 
reloaded  in  boats  above.  Large  steam-boats 
from  New  Orleans,  though  belonging  to  the 
upper  country,  were  obliged  to  lie  by  through 
the  summer  at  Portland.  To  remedy  these 
inconveniences,  the  Louisville  and  Portland 
Canal  round  the  falls  has  been  constructed.  It 


overcomes  the  ascent  of  22  feet  by  5  locks,  and 
is  40  feet  deep.     See  page  133. 

LOUISVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Jefferson  co. 
Geo.  on  the  Ogeechee,  70  m.  from  its  mouth, 
50  E.  from  Milledgeville,  110  NW.  from  Sa 
vannah,  644  from  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  and  a  meeting-house.  This  town 
was  formerly  the  seat  of  the  state  govern 
ment. 

LOUTRE,  isl.  and  v.  Montgomery  co.  Miso 
68  m.  W.  from  St.  Louis.  Lat.  38°  42'  N. 
Loutre  Island  is  in  the  Mississippi  river,  op^ 
posite  Gasconade  co.  and  below  the  mouth  of 
Gasconade  river. 

LOVEL,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  20  m.  WSW 
from  Paris.  Pop.  698. 

LOVETON,  t.  Baltimore  co.  Md.  55  m. 
from  W. 

LOVINGTON,  t.  Nelson  co.  Va.  170  m. 
fromW. 

LOWELL,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass,  on  the 
Merrimack,  25  m.  NW.  from  Boston.  This 
place  has  grown  up  within  a  few  years  by 
means  of  its  manufactures,  and  is  now  the 
most  important  manufacturing  town  in  the 
United  States,  except  Pittsburg.  It  has  the 
waters  of  the  Merrimack  at  command,  with  a 
fall  of  above  30  feet.  The  largest  manufactur 
ing  establishments  in  the  country  are  at  this 
place ;  they  belong  to  8  or  10  different  compa 
nies.  A  small  cotton  manufactory  was  first 
established  here  in  1813,  and  others  were 
added  a  short  time  afterwards ;  at  present  the 
place  continues  to  increase  and  bids  fair  to 
equal  any  of  the  ulterior  towns  in  the  U.  States. 
The  manufactures  of  Lowell  are  chiefly  cot 
ton,  of  which  more  than  14,000,000  yards  are 
made  annually.  Here  are  also  made  carpet 
ing,  cassimeres,  satinets,  &c.  It  contains  a 
number  of  churches  and  public  buildings,  and 
has  had  the  most  rapid  growth  of  any  town  in 
the  state.  In  1830  it  contained  6,478  inhabit 
ants. 

LOWER  ADDISON,  v.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 
about  20  m.  S.  from  Bath. 

LOWER  BARTLETT,  v.  Coos  co.  N.  H. 
76  m.  N.  from  Concord. 

LOWER  BLUE  LICK,  v.  Nicholas  co. 
Ken.  69  m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Frankfort 

LOWER  GILMANTON,  v.  Strafford  co. 
N.  H.  24  m.  NNE.  from  Concord. 

LOWER  GUIVRE,  t.  St.  Charles  co.  Miso. 

LOWER  MARLBOROUGH,  v.  Calvert  co. 
Md.  on  the  E.  side  of  Patuxent  river,  30  m 
SSW.  of  Annapolis,  and  24  NW.  of  St.  Leon 
ards. 

LOWER  SANDUSKY,  v.  Sandusky  co. 
Ohio,  on  Sandusky  river,  102  m.  N.  from  Co 
lumbus.  Pop.  351. 

LOWER  SMITHFIELD,  v.  Northampton 
co.  Pa.  about  15  m.  NNE.  from  Easton. 

LOWHILL,  t.  Lehigh  co.  Pa. 

LOWRY'S  MILLS,  v.  Chesterfield  district, 
S.  C.  123  m.  NE.  from  Columbia. 

LOWTHERSVILLE,  v.  of  Lewis  co.  Va. 
365  m.  NW.  from  Richmond. 

LOWVILLE,  v.  of  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  on  a 
small  creek,  near  the  W  side  of  Black  river, 
57  m.  N.  from  Utica. 


320 


LOY— LYN 


of  m 


LOYALHANNON,  r.  Westmoreland  co. 
Pa.  which  runs  NW.  into  the  Kiskiminitas. 

LOYAL  LOCK  GAP,  v.  Northumberland 
co.  Pa. 

LOYALSOCK,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

LOYALSOCK,  r.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  rises 
on  the  southern  borders  of  Bradford  co.  and 
flowing  SW.  between  Muncy  and  Lycoming 
creeks,  falls  into  the  W.  branch  of  Susquehan- 
nah,  4  m.  below  Williamsport. 

LOYSBOROUGH,  v.  Anderson  co  Ten. 

LUANA,   Point,  cape  on  the  S.  coast 
Jamaica.    Lon.  77°  51'  W. ;  lat.  18°  2'  N. 

LUBEC,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Washington 
co.  Me.  in  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  on  the  main 
land,  which  is  here  separated  from  the  island 
of  Campobello  by  a  strait  12  rods  wide,  called 
the  Narrows  or  Western  entrance  of 'the  Bay. 
The  harbor  is  spacious,  sheltered  from  every 
wind,  and  never  closed  by  ice.  The  principal 
settlement  is  at  Flagg's  Point  on  the  Narrows. 
It  was  commenced  in  1815,  and  is  a  flourish 
ing  village.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  en- 
gaged  in  commercial  pursuits,  particularly  in 
the  lumber  trade  and  the  fisheries.  Most  of 
the  plaster  received  into  the  United  States 
from  the  British  provinces  is  shipped  through 
this  port.  Here  is  kept  the  custom-house  for 
the  district  of  Passamaquoddy.  On  West 
Quoddy  head  is  a  light-house.  Lubec  lies  3 
m.  S.  of  Eastport,  with  which  it  has  communi 
cation  by  a  ferry,  28  m.  E.  of  Machias.  Pop. 
1,535.  Lat.  44°  47' ;  N.  Ion.  67°  5'  W. 

LUCEA  HARBOR,  bay  on  the  N.  side  of 
Jamaica,  14  m.  W.  from  Montego  Bay.  Lon. 
78°  9' W.;  lat.  18°  28' N. 

LUCKETT'S,  v.  Orange  co.  Va. 

LUDLOW,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  16  m.  W. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,227. 

LUDLOW,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  12  m.  NE. 
from  Springfield.  Pop.  1,327. 

LUDLOW,  or  Yellow  Springs,  t  Greene 
co.  Ohio,  9  m.  N.  from  Xenia.     It  is  a  beauti 
ful  spot,  and  is  much  frequented  on  account  of]  is 
its  medicinal  springs. 

LUDLOWVILLE,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 

LUIS  DE  LA  PAZ,  St.  a  town  of  Mexico, 
in  the  province  of  Mechoacan,  120  m.  S.  by  E. 
from  Mechoacan. 

LUIS  DE  POTOSI,  St.  a  city  of  Mexico,  in 
the  province  of  Mechoacan,  situate  in  the  midst 
of  rich  gold  mines,  and  all  the  comforts  of  life. 
The  streets  are  neat  and  straight,  and  the 
churches  magnificent.  It  is  180  m.  N.  by  W. 
of  Mechoacan.  Lon.  102°  54'  W.;  lat.  22° 
25' N. 

LUMBELRAND,  t  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Delaware  river.  Pop.  955. 

LUMBERTON,  t.  and  cap.  Robeson  co. 
N.  C.  33  m.  SSW.  from  Fayetteville,  31  from 
Winnefield. 

LUMBERTON,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  1 
m.  SE.  of  Mount  Holly. 

LUNA,  Punta  de,  cape,  on  the  N.  coast 
Cuba.    Lon.  75°  8'  W. ;  lat.  21°  12'  N. 

LUNENBURG,  co.  Va.  between  Nottaway 
and  Meherrin  rivers,  bounded  by  Brunswick 
SE.  Mecklenburg  SW.  Charlotte  W.  Prince 
Edward  NW.  and  Nottaway  NE.  Length  22 


m.  mean  width  10.  Staples,  cotton  and  to 
bacco.  Chief  town,  Lewistown.  Pop.  11,957. 

LUNENBURG,  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on  Ma- 
hone  Bay,  which  sets  up  from  the  Atlantic. 

LUNENBURG,  t.  Lunenburg  co.  Nova 
Scotia,  35  m.  SW.  from  Halifax,  27  N.  by  E. 
from  Liverpool. 

LUNENBURG.  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Connec 
ticut  river,  45  m.  ENE.  from  Montpelier.  Pop 
1,054. 

LUNENBURG,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  25 

.  N.  from  Worcester,  45  NW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,318. 

LURAY,  v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 

LUZERNE,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hud 
son  river,  10  m.  W.  from  Sandy  Hill.  Pop. 
1,362. 

LUZERNE,  co.  Pa.  bounded  SE  oy  Pike 
and  Northampton,  S.  by  Schuylkill,  SW.  by 
Columbia,  W.  by  Lycoming,  NW.  by  Brad 
ford,  N.  by  Susquehannah  and  E.  by  Wayne. 
Length  45  m.  breadth  40.  Pop.  27,304.  Chief 
town,  Wilkesbarre. 

LYCOMING,  co.  Pa.  inclosed  by  the  coun- 
of|  ties  of  Potter,  Tioga,  Bradford,  Luzerne,  North 
umberland,  Centre,  Clearfield,  and  M'Kean. 
Pop.  17,637.  Chief  town,  Williamsport. 

LYCOMING,  small  river  of  Lycoming  co. 
Pa.  rising  in  the  southern  border  of  Bradford, 
leading  with  the  Towanda,  and  flowing  SW. 
falls  into  the  W.  branch,  2  m.  above  WiSiams- 
port 

LYMAN,  t.  York  co.  Me.  25.  m.  N.  from 
York.  Pop.  1,502. 

LYMAN,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecti 
cut  river,  13  m.  above  Haverhill.  Pop.  1,321. 

LYME,  t  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  11  m.  NE. 
from  Dartmouth  College.  Pop.  1,804. 

LYME,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  at  its  mouth,  oppo 
site  Saybrook,  40  m.  E.  from  New  Haven,  40 
SE.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  4,098.  It  has  6 
houses  of  public  worship.  The  shad  fishery 
is  carried  on  extensively  at  this  place.  A 
number  of  vessels  are  owned  here,  which  are 
employed  in  the  coasting  trade. 

LYME,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake  On 
tario.  Pop.  2,872. 

LYME,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

LYME  RANGE,  a  branch  of  the  White 
Mountains,  commencing  a  little  below  North 
ampton,  Mass,  and  running  S.  along  the  E. 
bank  of  Connecticut  river  at  the  distance  of  8 
or  10  m.  till  it  terminates  at  Lyme  on  Long 
Island  Sound. 

LYNCHBURG,  t  and  cap.  Campbell  co.  Va 
on  the  S.  bank  of  James  river,  20  m  below  the 
great  falls,  where  the  river  breaks  through  the 
Blue  Ridge,  12  m.  N.  from  Campbell  C.  H.  12 
ENE.  from  New  London,  100  W.  from  Rich- 
mond,  160  SW.  from  W.  in  a  straight  line. 
It  contains  10  or  12  public  buildings,  4  church 
es,  and  a  number  of  very  handsome  houses, 
has  two  bridges  over  the  river,  a  large 
number  of  tobacco  ware-houses  and  manufac 
tories,  and  a  great  number  of  commission 
houses,  flour-mills,  and  cotton  and  woollen 
manufactories.  There  are  4  mineral  springs 
in  its  vicinity^  It  is  favorably  situated  for 


of  It 


LYN— MAC 


32  r 


trade,  not  only  with  the  western  part  of  the 
state,  but  with  the  western  states  generally. 
Small  boats  convey  the  abundant  produce 
which  is  brought  here,  down  the  river  to  Rich 
mond.  The  most  important  item  in  the  pro 
duce  is  from  10  to  12,000  hogsheads  of  tobac 
co.  It  is  almost  embosomed  in  mountains, 
that  have,  however,  fertile  and  populous  val 
leys  between,  and  is  one  of  the  most  flourish 
ing  and  commercial  towns  in  the  state.  Be 
side  tobacco,  it  produces  wheat,  flour,  and 
hemp.  Pop.  4,626.  Lat.  37°  30' N. 

LYNCHBURG,  v.  Oldham  co  Ken.  54  m. 
NW.  by  W.  from  Frankfort. 

LYNCHBURG.  v.  Lincoln  co.  Ten.  50  m. 
SSW.  from  Murfreesborough. 

LYNCH'S  CREEK,  rises  in  N.  C.  a  few 
miles  W.  of  Sneadsborough,  and  flowing  S. 
enters  S.  C.  and  assuming  a  SE.  course,  falls 
into  the  Great  Pedee.  The  entire  length  of 
Lynch's  creek  exceeds  100  m 

LYNCH'S  RIVER,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
Tames  river,  Ion.  78°  21'  W. ;  lat.  37°  42'  N. 

LYNCH    LAKE,    Williamsburg    district, 

5.C. 

LYNDEBOROUGH,  t.  Hillsborough  co. 
tf.  H.  10  m.  NW.  from  Amherst.  Pop.  1,147. 

LYNDON,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Va.  33  m.  NE. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,822. 

LYNESVILLE,  v.  Granville  co.  N.  C.  60 
m.  N.  from  Raleigh'. 

LYNKHORN  BAY,  bay  on  the  coast  of 
Va.  at  the  bottom  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  2  or  3 
m.  W.  from  Cape  Henry.  Lon.  76°  6'  W. ; 
lat.  36°  56'  N. 

LYNN,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass,  famous  for  the 
manufacture  of  women's  shoes,  10  m.  NE.  of 
Boston,  and  5  SW.  of  Salem,  in  lat.  42°  28'  N. 
In  1831, 1,675,781  pairs  of  shoes  were  manu 
factured  in  this  town,  valued  at  $942,191— 
value  of  materials  $414,000,  neat  profit  of  labor 
$528,191.  Pop.  6,138. 

LYNN  CREEK,  v.  Giles  co.  Ten.  about  70 
m.  S.  from  Murfreesborough. 

LYNNFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  10  m. 
W.  from  Salem,  and  UN.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
617. 

LYNNHAVEN  BAY,  on  the  coast  of  Va. 
at  the  S.  end  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  7  m.  W.  from 
Cape  Henry.  Here,  in  1781,  the  Count  de 
Grasse  moored  the  principal  part  of  his  fleet 
at  the  blockade  of  Yorktown. 

LYNN  RIVER,  in  the  co.  of  Norfolk,  TJ.C. 
rises  in  the  town  of  Windham,  and  running 
from  thence  southerly  through  the  township 
of  Woodhouse,  empties  itself  into  Lake  Erie, 
where  it  has  about  3  feet  water  on  the  bar.  It 
is  a  good  harbor  for  bateaux. 

LYNNSVILLE,  v.  in  the  western  part  of 
Lehigh  co.  Pa.  80  m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Harris- 
burg. 

LYONS,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Wayne  co. 
N.  Y.  16  m.  N.  from  Geneva,  20  NE.  from 
Canandaigua,  and  by  the  canal  117  m.  W. 
from  Utica.  Lat.  43°  5'  N.  Lyons  is  ele 
gantly  situated  on  the  grand  western  canal  of 
N.  York,  and  rapidly  improving.  Pop.  3,603. 

LYON'S  CREEK,  in  the  co.  of  Lincoln, 
U.  C.  discharges  itself  into  Chippewa  river,  in 
2Q 


the  town   of  Willoughby,  not   far  above  the 
mouth  of  that  river. 

LYSANDER,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N  Y.  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Onondaga  or  Oswego  and 
Seneca  rivers,  20  m.  NW.  from  Onondasa. 
Pop.  3,228. 

M. 

MACARAGUA,  t.  Cuba,  45  m.  W.  from 
Havana. 

MACARTNEY,  Point,  cape  of  a  large  isl. 
on  the  NW.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  226°  12' 
E.;  lat.  57°  1£'N. 

MACCARY  BAY,  S.  coast  of  Jamaica. 
Lon.  77°  9'  W. ;  lat.  17°  49'  N. 

MAC  CALL'S  BRIDGE,  v.  York.  co.  Pa. 

MAC  CAWN'S  STORE,  v.  Hawkins  co. 
Tennessee. 

MAC  CONNELSBURG,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 
26  m.  from  Hagarstown.  Here  is  a  medicinal 
spring. 

MAC  CONNELSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Mor 
gan  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Muskingum,  25  m.  SE. 
from  Zanesville,  340  from  W.  Pop.  267. 

MAC  CULLEY'S  STORE,  v.  Chester  co. 
S.  Carolina. 

MAC  CULLOCH'S  MILLS,  v.  Albemarle 
co.  Virginia. 

MAC  CULLOCHSVILLE,  v.  Union  co.  S. 
Carolina. 

MAC  CUTCHENSVILLE,  v.  Pickaway 
co.  Ohio. 

MACDANIELSVILLE,  v.  Spartan  district, 
S.  Carolina. 

MACDONOUGH,  t.  Chenango  co.  N  Y 
Pop.  1,232. 

MACEDON,  SW.  t.  and  v.  Wayne  co.  N.  Y 
The  t.  lies  along  both  sides  of 'the  Western 
Canal,  12  m.  W.  from  Lyons.  Pop.  1,990. 

MAC  FARLAND'S,  v.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 
about  60  m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

MAC  GAHEY'S,  v.  Rockingham  co.  Va. 
139  m.  NW.  from  Richmond. 

MAC  GREWSBURG,  v.  Adams  co.  Pa.  32 
m.  SE.  from  Harrisburg. 

MACHIAS,  t.  port  of  entry  and  cap.  Wash- 
ington  co.  Me.  on  Machias  Bay,  221  m.  NE. 
from  Portland.  Lat.  44°  40'  N.  Pop.  1,754. 
The  principal  settlement  is  at  the  falls  of  E. 
branch  of  Machias  river.  At  the  falls  of  the 
W.  branch  of  the  river,  is  another  considera 
ble  village.  A  bridge  is  erected  across  Middle 
river  between  the  two  villages,  which,  with  the 
causeway,  is  1,900  feet  long.  Machias  con- 
tains  a  court-house  and  jail,  2  Congregational 
churches,  and  an  academy.  The  academy, 
called  Washington  Academy,  is  in  the  E.  vil 
lage.  The  building,  which  is  50  feet  by  38, 
and  2  stories  high,  was  presented  by  the  in 
habitants  of  the  village,  together  with  a  library 
and  philosophical  apparatus  valued  at  $1,500. 
In  addition,  the  academy  is  endowed  with 
$14,000  productive  funds.  Machias  is  a  thri 
ving  town,  and  carries  on  considerable  trade, 
principally  in  lumber.  Here  are  26  saw-mills, 
which  cut  on  an  average  upwards  of  10,000,000 
feet  of  boards  in  a  year. 

MACHIAS,  r.  Me.  formed  of  2  branches, 
the  E.  and  W.  which  unite  in  the  town  of  Ma 


322 


MAC— MAD 


chias,  at  a  place  called  The  Rim.  It  after 
wards  widens  into  a  considerable  bay,  and 
communicates  with  the  ocean  at  Cross  island, 
6  m.  below  the  junction  of  the  2  branches. 

MACHODICK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the 
Potomac,  22  m.  above  Point  Lookout. 

MAC  KEAN,  co.  N.  side  of  Pa.  bounded  N. 
by  New  York,  E.  by  Potter  co.  S.  by  Clearfield 
and  Jefferson  cos.  W.  by  Jefferson  and  Warren 
cos.  Pop.  1,439.  Chief  town,  Smithport. 

MAC  KEANSBURG,  v.  Schuylkill  co.  Pa. 
4  m.  NE.  from  Orwigsburg. 

MAC  KEEN,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  743 

MAC  KEESPORT,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  on 

the  right  banks  of  Youghiogeny  and  Monon- 

guhela  rivers,  at  their  junction,  11  m.  SE. 

from  Pittsburg. 

MACKENZIE,  Point,  cape,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America,  in  Cook's  Inlet  Lat.  61° 
13' N. 

MACKENZIE'S  RIVER,  one  of  the  largest 
rivers  in  N.  America.  It  forms  the  outlet  of 
Slave  Lake,  and  falls  into  the  Frozen  Ocean,  in 
about  lat.  70°  N.  and  Ion.  135°  W.  Its  most 
distant  sources  are  Unjigah  or  Peace  river,  anc 
Athapescow  or  Elk  river.  Its  whole  course 
is  about  2,000  miles. 

MACKEY'S  VILLE,  v.  Burke  co.  N.  C. 
MACKINTOSH,  co.  Geo.  on  the  coast  a 
the  mouth  of  the  Alatamaha.  Pop.  4,998,  of 
whom  3,903  are  colored.  Chief  town,  Darien 
At  the  court-house,  12  m.  N.  from  Darien,  is 
a  post-office. 

MAC  LEOD'S  LAKE,  lake,  New  Caledo 
nia,  60  or  70  m.  in  circumference,  which  dis 
charges  its  waters  through  an  outlet  into  Peace 
river.  On  its  banks  is  a  fort  of  the  NW.  Fur 
company,  in  Ion.  124°  W. ;  lat.  55'  N. 

MAC  LEOMSBOROUGH,  v.  Hamilton  co 
II.  60  m.  NE.  from  Vandalia. 

MAC  LINTON,  v.  Abbeville  district,  S.C. 
MAC  MAHON'S  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  whicl 
runs  into  the  Ohio,  5  m.  below  Wheeling. 

MAC  MINN,  co.  Ten.  bounded  SE.  b; 
Monroe,  SW.  by  Hiwassee  river,  NW.  b) 
Rhea,  and  NE.  by  Roane  and  Blount.  Lengtl 
30  m.  mean  width  20.  Surface  hilly,  and  soi 
varied.  Pop.  in  1820, 1,623 ;  in  1830, 14,497 
Chief  town,  Athens. 

MAC  MINVILLE,  t.  and  seat  of  justice 
Warren  co.  Ten.  70  m.  SE.  from  Nashville 
644  from  W. 

MACOKETCH,  Great,  r.  Louisiana,  which 
runs  into  the  Mississippi.  Lat.  41°  38'  N. 

MACOMB,  co.  Michigan  Territory,  on  th 
river  Huron  of  St.  Clair.  Pop.  2,414.  Chief 
town,  Mount  Clemens. 

MACON,  t.  and  cap.  Bibb  co.  Geo.  on  th 
Oakmulgee  river,  35  m.  WSW-  from  Milledge 
ville.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade,  an 
has  a  bank  and  a  printing-office. 

MACON,  r.  NE.  part  of  La.     It  rises  in 
Missouri,  and  pursuing  a  S.  course  unites  wit 
the  Tensaw.     Lat.  31°  42'  N. 

MACONSVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co.N.C 
MACVEYTOWN,  v.  Mifflin  co.  Pa. 
MADBURY,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  11  m 
NW.  from  Portsmouth,    36    from  Concord 
Pep.  510. 


MADDINSBOROUGH,  t.  Miso.  15  m.  S. 

rom  St.  Genevieve. 

MADISON,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  by  Onon- 
lago  W.  Oneida  Lake  NW.  Oneida  co.  NE. 
Otsego  SE.  and  Chenango  S.  Length  28  m. 
mean  width  20.  It  lies  in  an  elevated  position, 
.nd  several  streams  which  rise  in  it,  flow  in 
lifferent  directions,  as  the  Chenango  and  Una- 
dilla  rivers,  which  run  S.  into  the  Susquehan- 
lah,  and  the  Chittenango,  Oneida,  and  Cane- 
serago  creeks,  which  enter  Oneida  Lake  ;  and 
some  creeks  which  flow  into  the  Mohawk 
The  surface  is  broken,  but  the  soil  is  produc- 
ive.  Pop.  39,037,  Chief  town,  Cazenovia. 

MADISON,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  the 
iennebeck  river,  10  m.  above  Norridgewock. 
'op.  1,272. 

MADISON,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
leads  of  Chenango  river  and  Oriskany  creek, 
22  m.  SW.  from  Utica.  Pop.  2,544. 

MADISON,  t.  Columbia  co.  Pa.  between 
reenwood  and  Derry,  5  m.  N.  from  Danville. 

MADISON,  co.  Va.  bounded  SE.  S.  and 
SW.  by  Orange  co.  or  the  Rapid  Ann  river, 
NW.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  or  Shenandoah  co. 
and  NE.  and  E.  by  Culpeper.  It  is  about  28 
m.  square ;  drained  by  various  creeks  of  the 
Rapid  Ann ;  the  surface  somewhat  hilly,  and 
soil  tolerably  good.  Staples,  flour  and  tobacco. 
Pop.  in  1820,  8,490;  in  1830,  9,236:  Chief 
town,  Madison. 

MADISON,  v.  Madison  co.  Va.  on  Robert- 
son's  river,  branch  of  Rapid  Ann,  45  m.  W. 
from  Fredericksburg. 

MADISON,  v.  Amherst  co.  Va.  on  the  left 
bank  of  James  river,  opposite  Lynchburg. 

MADISON,  co.  Geo.  on  Broad  river,  bound 
ed  S.  by  Oglethorpe,  SW.  by  Clark,  W.  by 
Jackson,  NW.  and  N.  by  Franklin,  and  NE. 
by  Elbert  Length  30  m.  mean  width  10. 
Surface  uneven,  but  soil  productive.  Pop.  4,626. 
Chief  town,  Danielsville. 

MADISON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Morgan 
co.  Geo.  50  m.  NNW.  from  Milledgeville,  648 
m.  from  W. 

MADISON,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Union,  E.  by  Franklin,  S.  by  Fayette,  and  W. 
by  Clark  and  Champaign  cos.  It  is  about  28 
m.  long,  from  N.  to  S.  by  19  broad,  from  E.  to 
W.  This  county  contains  extensive  bodies  of 
fine  land,  well  adapted  to  agriculture  and  gra 
zing.  Pop.  in  1820,  4,799;  in  1830,  6,190. 
Chief  town,  London. 

MADISON,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,280. 

MADISON,  t.  Muskingum  co.Ohio,  E.  from 
Muskingum  river,  and  containing  the  village 
of  Haymarket.  Pop.  589. 

MADISON,  t.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Highland 
co.  Pop.  1,609. 

MADISON,  t.  NE.  part  of  Geauga  co.  Ohio. 
Grand  river  runs  through  this  t.  Pop.  1,898. 

MADISON,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio,  in  which 
is  situated  the  village  of  Mansfield.  Pop.  2,138. 

MADISON,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio.   Pop.  743. 

MADISON,  SE.  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
1,745. 

MADISON,  NE.  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio 
Pop.  976. 


MAD— MAL 


323 


MADISON,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  942. 
MADISON,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  438. 
MADISON  NE.  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio.    Pop. 
837. 

MADISON,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio.   Pop.  904. 
MADISON,  SE.  t  Clark  co.  Ohio.    Pop. 
1,163. 

MADISON,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,478. 
MADISON,  t  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  W. 
from  Miami  river,  and  adjoining  to  the  co.  of 
Preble.     Pop.  1,246. 

MADISON,  v.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  123  m. 
SW.  from  Columbus.  Pop.  284. 

MADISON,  t.  Butler  co.    Pop.  2,128. 
MADISON,  NE.  t  Perry  co.     Pop.  1,058. 
MADISON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Jefferson 
co.  In.  on  the  Ohio  river,  75  m.  above  Louis 
ville,  75  below  Cincinnati,  and  576  from  W. 
Pop.  about  2,500.     It  has  already  one  print- 
ing-office  and  a  bank. 

MADISON,  eo.  in  W.  Ten.  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Gibson  and  Carroll,  E.  by  Henderson 
S.  by  M'Nairy  and  Hardiman,  W.  by  Hay- 
wood.  Pop.  11,750.  Jackson  is  the  capital. 

MADISON,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  N.  side  of 
Tennessee  river.  Pop.  28,011.  Chief  town 
Huntsville. 

MADISON,  t.  Rhea  co.  Ten. 
MADISON,  co.  Ken.    Chief  town,  Rich 
mond. 

MADISON,  or  Pikeville,  t  and  cap.  Bledsoe 
co.  Tennessee,  on  the  Sequatchee,  35  m.  above 
its  junction  with  the  Tennessee,  100  W.  from 
Knoxville,  105  E.  from  Nashville,  608  from  W 
MADISON,  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Mississippi 
opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri.  Pop.  6,229 
Chief  town,  Edwardsville. 

MADISON,  v.  Madison  co.  Illinois. 
MADISON,  co.  Missouri,  on  the  St.  Fran 
cis.    Pop.  2,371.    Chief  town,  Fredericktown 
MADISON,  r.  Missouri,  one  of  the  forks 
of  the  river  Missouri. 

MADISON  VILLE,  t  St.  Tammany  co.  La 
on  Lake  Ponchartrain,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Chefuncti,  27  m.  N.  from  New  Orleans,  an< 
127  N.  from  Natchez. 

MADISONVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Hopkins  co 
Ken.  738  m.  from  W.  Pop.  112. 

MADRID,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
St.  Lawrence,  250  m.  N  W.  from  Albany.  Pop 
3,459.    Here  is  an  academy  at  a  village  calle 
Hamilton. 

MADRID,  New,  district,  Miso.  Pop.  2,351 
Chief  town,  Winchester. 

MADRID,  New,  t.  New  Madrid  district 
Miso.  on  W.  side  of  the  river  Mississippi,  7' 
m.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  148  S.  frorr 
St.  Louis.  Lon.  89°  30'  W. ;  lat.  36°  36'  N 
This  town  was  originally  laid  out  on  an  exten 
sive  plan,  and  with  the  expectation  of  its  be 
coming  a  great  city.  It  is  built  on  grounc 
somewhat  higher  than  the  ordinary  bank  o: 
the  Mississippi,  but  is,  however,  exposed  to  th 
ravages  of  the  river,  and  is  also  environed  bot] 
above  and  below  with  stagnant  muddy  creeks 
It  is  not  in  a  flourishing  state  at  presen 
though  the  country  around  is  good. 

MAD  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs  S\V 
into  the  Merrimack,  in  Campton. 


MAD  RIVER,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio. 
*op.  1,731. 

MAD  RIVER,  r.  Ohio,  runs  SW.  into  the 
heat  Miami,  at  Day  ton.     Length  55  m. 
MAD  RIVER,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio. 
MAGAUGUADAVICK,  r.New  Brunswick, 
which  runs  into  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  opposite 
St.  Andrews.     It  has  falls  at  the  head  of  tide 
waters,  6  m.  from  its  mouth,  and  another  9  m. 
arther  up  the  river,  at  both  of  which  saw-mills 
are  erected,  and  immense  quantities  of  pine 
and  other  lumber  yearly  manufactured.     At 
he  lower  falls  is  a  settlement  containing  two 
ihurches  and  about  700  inhabitants.   There  is 
also  a  small  settlement  at  the  upper  falls. 

MAGAZINE  MOUNTAIN,  Arkansas  ter. 
>n  the  S.  side  of  Arkansas  river,  10  m.  above 
he  junction  of  the  Petit  John.  It  is  1,000  or 
1,200  feet  high. 

MAGDALEN  RIVER,  r.  L/C.  which  runs 
nto  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  Ion.  65°  5'  W. ; 
at.  49°  12'  N. 

MAGDALENA,  r.  Mexico,  in  Texas,  which 
runs  into  the  sea,  between  the  rivers  Flores 
and  Mexicano. 

MAGDALENE  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  isls. 
7  in  number,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  42 
m.  NW.  from  the  island  of  Cape  Breton.  Lon. 
61°  40'  W. ;  lat.  47°  13'  to  47°  42'  N. 

MAGPIE  RIVER,  r.  Canada,  which  runs 
nto  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  6  m.  W.  from 
the  St.  John. 

MAHANOY  MOUNTAINS,  are  one  ridge 
between  Mahanoy  and  Catawissa  rivers ;  and 
another  between  Mahanoy  river  and  Shamokin 
creek. 

MAHANTANGO,  r.  Pa.  runs  W.  into  the 
Susquehannah,  18  m.  below  Sunbury ;  another 
which  runs  E.  into  the  Susquehannah,  2  m. 
above  the  former. 

MAHONING,  r.  Venango  co.  Pa.  runs  W. 
into  the  Alleghany,  5  m.  SE.  from  Franklin. 

MAHONING,  r.  rises  in  Ohio,  and  passing 
into  Pennsylvania,  joins  the  Ohio  river. 

MAHONY,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  W.  into  the 
Susquehannah,  10  m.  S.  from  Sunbury. 

MAHONY,  mt.  Pa.  N.  of  the  Mahony  r. 

MAIDEN  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  Schuylkill,  7  m.  N.  from  Reading. 

MAIDSTONE,  t.  Essex  co.  U.C.  on  the  S. 
side  of  Lake  St.  Clair. 

MAIDSTONE,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Connec- 
ticut  r.  53  m.  NE.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  236 

MAILLARD,  bold  promontory,  in  L.  C.  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  22  m.  below 
the  island  of  Orleans. 

MAINE,  one  of  the  U.  S.    See  page  45. 

MAISY,  Cape ,  the  E.  extremity  of  the  island 
of  Cuba.  Lon.  74°  4'  15"  W. ;  lat.  20°  20'  N. 

MALABAR,  cape,  on  SE.  extremity  of  Mass. 
Lon.  69°  55'  W. ;  lat.  41°  34'  N. 

MALAGA,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  30  m.  S 
from  Philadelphia. 

MALAGA,  v.  Monroe  co.  Ohio,  147  m.  SE: 
by  E.  from  Columbus. 

MALBAY,  r.  L.  C.  which  falls  into  the  St. 
Lawrence  from  the  N.  nearly  opposite  to  the 
Camarouska  islands,  90  m.  below  Quebec. 

MALDEN,  Fort,  now  in  ruins,  was  situated 


324 


MAL— MAN 


on  the  river  Detroit,  Essex  co.  U.  C.  opposite 
Isle  au  Bois  Blanc. 

MALDEN,  t.  in  the  co.  of  Essex,  U.  C.  is 
situated  at  the  mouth  of  Detroit  river,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  strait,  having  Colchester  to  the 
E.  and  Huron  to  the  N.  and  including  the  vil 
lage  of  Amherstburg. 

MALDEN,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass,  situated 
between  Medford  and  Lynn,  5  m.  NE.  from 
Boston.  It  is  united  to  Charlestown  by  Mys 
tic  bridge.  Pop.  2,010. 

MALLOYSVILLE,  v.  Wilkes  co.  Geo.  82 
m.  NE.  from  Milledgeville. 

MALONE,  t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y. 
42  m.  W.  from  Plattsburg,  220  N.  from  Alba- 
ny,  523  from  W.  Pop.  2,207.  The  village 
stands  on  Salmon  river. 

MALTA,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  the  princi 
pal  village,  7  m.  W.  from  Saratoga,  and  5  m. 
SE.  from  Ballston  Spa.  Pop.  1,517. 

MAMARONECK,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
on  Long  Island  Sound,  23  m.  NE.  from  New 
York.  Pop.  838.  •  Its  harbor  admits  vessels 
of  100  tons. 

MAMELLE,  mountains,  Arkansas  Ter.  on 
the  S.  side  of  Arkansas  river,  below  the  junc 
tion  of  the  Poteau.  They  are  estimated  to 
exceed  1,000  feet  in  height,  and  are  supposed 
to  be  connected  with  the  Mazern  mountains. 

MAMMOTH  CAVE,  Ken.     See  page  130. 

MAMOKATING,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  con 
taining  the  village  of  Bloomingburg,  23  m.  W. 
from  Newburgh.  Pop.  3,062. 

MANASQUAN,  r.  N.  J.  runs  into  the  At 
lantic.  Lon.  74°  8'  W. ;  lat.  40°  8'  N. 

MANATAWNY  CREEK,  r.  Montgomery 
co.  Pa.  runs  into  the  Schuylkill,  at  Pottsgrove. 

MANATOULIN  ISLANDS,  U.  C.  extend 
ing  from  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Huron  in  an  E. 
direction  160  m.  Many  of  them  are  from  20 
to  30  m.  long. 

MANAYUNK,  v.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  It 
stands  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Schuylkill. 

MANBY  POINT,  cape,  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America,  forming  the  W.  point  at  the  en 
trance  of  Behring's  Bay.  Lon.  219°  17'  E. ; 
lat.  59°  47'  N. 

MANCENILLA,  bay,  on  the  N.  side  of  St. 
Domingo.  Lon.  71°  507  W. ;  lat.  19°  50'  N. 

MANCHAC,  a  pass  or  channel,  forming  a 
communication  between  Lakes  Maurepas  and 
Ponchartrain,  about  6  m.  long. 

MANCHAC,  t.  Louisiana,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Mississippi,  20  m.  below  Baton  Rouge. 

MANCHAC  BAYOU.     See  Iberville. 

MANCHESTER,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  22 
m.  N.  of  Bennington,  and  44  NE.  of  Troy  in 
N.  York.  Pop.  1,525. 

MANCHESTER,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass,  a  few 
miles  NE.  of  Beverly.  Pop.  1,238. 

MANCHESTER,  t  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  at 
the  cataract  of  Niagara.  A  bridge  now  con 
nects  this  place  with  Goat  Island. 

MANCHESTER,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  8  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Utica. 

MANCHESTER,  v.  Baltimore  co.  Md.  on 
the  road  from  Baltimore  to  Carlisle,  33  m. 
from  the  former,  and  42  from  the  latter. 


MANCHESTER,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  10 

m.  N.  from  Canandaigua,  on  the  road  to  the 
Sulphur  Springs,  and  on  Canandaigua  outlet. 
Pop.  2,811. 

MANCHESTER,  v.  Chesterfield  co.  Va.  on 
the  S.  side  of  James  river,  opposite  Richmond, 
and  33  m.  NW.  of  Williamsburg. 

MANCHESTER,  v.  Sumpter  district,  S.  C. 
on  Wateree  river,  about  5  m.  above  the  mouth 
of  Congaree. 

MANCHESTER,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Clay  co.  Ken.  about  120  m.  SE.  from  Frank 
fort,  558  m.  from  W.  Pop.  159. 

MANCHESTER,  v.  pleasantly  situated  on 
the  bank  of  the  Ohio,  in  Adams  co.  Ohio,  100 
m.  S.  by  W.  from  Columbus,  and  73  in  the 
same  direction  from  Chillicothe. 

MANCHESTER,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
831. 

MANCHESTER,  v.  Dearborn  co.  In.  94 
m.  SE.  from  Indianapolis.  • 

MANCHESTER,  v.  St.  Louis  co.  Miso.  17 
m.  from  St.  Louis. 

MANCHESTER,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Merrimack,  16  m.  S. 
from  Concord,  42  W.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop. 
877. 

MANCHESTER  HOUSE,  one  of  the  Hud 
son  Bay  Company's  factories,  N.  America,  on 
the  Saskatchawine,  100  m.  W.  from  Hudson's 
House,  75  SE.  from  Buckingham  House.  Lon. 
109°  20'  W. ;  lat.  53°  14'  18"  N. 

MANCHESTER  VILLAGE,  v.  on  the 
Oriskany  creek,  where  crossed  by  the  great 
western  road,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  9  m.  a  little  S. 
of  W.  from  Utica. 

MANDAN,  Indian  village,  on  Missouri 
river,  1,600  m.  from  the  Mississippi.  Lon. 
100°  50'  W. ;  lat  47°  20'  N.  Here  Lewis  and 
Clark  encamped  during  the  winter  of  1804-5, 
on  their  voyage  up  the  Missouri. 

MANHEIM,  t  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
E.  side  of  Mohawk  river,  above  the  mouth  of 
East  Canada  creek.  Pop.  1,937. 

MANHEIM,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  It  is  situated 
in  the  SW.  corner  of  the  co.  adjoining  Md. 
Chief  town,  Hanover. 

MANHEIM,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  on  the  W. 
side  of  Conestoga  creek,  between  Moravia 
and  Little  Conestoga  creeks,  immediately  N. 
from  the  city  of  Lancaster. 

MANICOUGAN,  river  of  L.  C.  rises  in  the 
recesses  of  Labrador,  flows  into  and  again  out 
of  Manicougan  Lake,  and  assuming  a  course 
of  SSW.  enters  St.  Lawrence  river,  nearly 
opposite  the  paps  of  Matane,  200  m.  below 
Quebec. 

M  ANIEL,  mt.  of  St.  Domingo,  20  m.  in  cir 
cumference,  and  so  high  and  craggy,  that  it  is 
almost  inaccessible. 

MANLIUS,  t.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  between 
the  Salt  Lake  and  Lake  Oneida,  42  m.  W.  of 
Whitestown,  on  Mohawk  river.  Pop.  7,375 

MANLIUS  CENTRE,  or  Manlius  Square, 
a  very  prosperous  v.  on  the  great  western  road, 
in  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  34  m.  NE.  by  E.  from 
Auburn. 

MANNAHAWKIN,  v.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 


MAN—MAR 


325 


upon  the  Atlantic  coast,  containing  about  30 
dwelling-houses,  and  a  Baptist  and  Methodist 
meeting-house.  It  lies  8  m.  from  Tuckerton. 

MANNSVILLE,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  148 
in.  NW.  from  Albany. 

MANSFIELD,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt  20  m. 
N.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  279.  Mansfield 
Mountain,  one  of  the  loftiest  of  the  Green 
Mountains,  lies  chiefly  in  this  town. 

MANSFIELD,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  12  m.  N. 
from  Taunton,  30  SSW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,172. 

MANSFIELD,  t.  Holland  co.  Ct.  25  m.  E. 
from  Hartford.  This  town  is  celebrated  for 
the  culture  of  silk.  It  contains  two  cotton 
factories  and  five  houses  of  public  worship. 
Pop.  2,661. 

MANSFIELD,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
Musconecunk,  7  m.  SE.  from  Oxford. 

MANSFIELD,  v.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 

MANSFIELD,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  It 
is  8  m.  NE.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  2,083. 

MANSFIELD,  v.  Warren  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
Musconecunk  river,  10  m.  SE.  from  Oxford. 
Pop.  3,303. 

MANSFIELD,  t  and  seat  of  justice,  for 
Richland  co.  Ohio,  containing  840  inhabitants. 
It  stands  73  m.  NE.  from  Columbus,  and  380 
from  W. 

MANSFIELD,  v.  Amelia  co.  Va.  20  m  by 
land  above  Petersburg. 

MANSFIELD  CENTRE,  v.  Windham  co. 
Ct.  35  m.  NE.  from  Hartford. 

MANSFIELD  ISLAND,  island  in  Hud 
son's  Bay.  Lon.  80°  40'  W. ;  lat.  62°  5'  N. 

MANTUA,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  on  Cuya- 
hoga  river,  10  m.  N.  from  Ravenna.  Pop.  949. 

MANUEL'S  FORT,  Missouri  Territory, 
on  the  Yellow-stone.  Lon.  106°  30'  W. ;  lat. 
46°  N. 

MARATHON,  now  Moulton,  t.  and  seat  of 
justice,  Lawrence  co.  Al.  on  the  left  bank  of 
Tennessee  river,  35  m.  W.  from  Huntsville, 
779  from  W. 

MARBLEHEAD,  t  Essex  co.  Mass.  4  m. 
SE.  from  Salem,  16  NE.  from  Boston.  Lat. 
42°  32>  N. ;  Ion.  70°  50'  W.  It  contains  a 
bank,  a  custom-house,  and  5  houses  for  public 
worship,  2  for  Congregationalists,  1  for  Epis 
copalians,  1  for  Methodists,  and  1  for  Baptists. 
The  harbor  lies  in  front  of  the  town,  and  ex- 
tends  from  SW.  to  NE.  about  a  mile  and  a 
half  in  length,  and  is  half  a  mile  broad.  It  is 
convenient,  and  well  defended  by  Fort  Sewall. 
The  inhabitants  of  this  town  are  more  exten 
sively  engaged  in  the  bank  fisheries  than  any 
other  in  the  U.  S.  Pop.  5,150. 

MARBLETOWN,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  10  m. 
W.  from  Kingston.  Pop.  3,223. 

MARCELLUS,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Skeneateles  Lake,  10  m.  W.  from  Onondaga, 
60  W.  from  Utica.  Pop.  2,626.  In  this  town 
is  the  village  of  Skeneateles. 

MARCUS  HOOK,  v.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  on 
the  Delaware,  20  m.  below  Philadelphia. 

MARENGO,  v.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y. 

MARENGO,  co.  Al.  bounded  W.  by  Tom- 
bigbee  and  Black  Warrior  rivers,  N.  by  Tusca- 
loosa  co.  E.  and  SE.  by  Dallas,  and  S.  by 


Clarke.  Length  60  m.  mean  width  20.  Sur 
face  hilly,  and  soil  of  a  poor  quality,  except 
near  the  streams.  Plenty  of  good  pine  timber 
grows  here.  The  valleys  produce  cotton, 
which  is  the  principal  article  of  trade.  Chief 
town,  Eagleville.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,933;  in 
1830,  7,742. 

MARGALLAWAY,  r.  which  rises  in  the 
mountains  which  separate  Canada  from  Maine, 
runs  southerly,  partly  in  Maine  and  partly  in 
N.  Hampshire,  and  flows  into  Umbagog  Lake. 
This  is  the  head  branch  of  the  Androscog- 
gin. 

MARGARETTA,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

MARGARETTA'S  CREEK,  Ohio,  runs 
into  the  Hockhocking,  opposite  Athens. 

MARGARETTSVILLE,  v.  Washington  co. 
Md.  10  m.  S.  by  E.  from  Elizabethtown. 

MARGOT,  r.  Mississippi,  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  lat.  35°  28'  N.  The  ground 
below  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi  is  ele 
vated  and  pleasant,  and  the  soil  remarkably 
fertile. 

MARGUERITE,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs 
into  Lake  Michigan,  Ion.  85°  34'  W. ;  lat.  44° 
2'N. 

MARIA,  r.  N.  America,  which  rises  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  and  runs  into  the  Missouri, 
54  m.  below  the  Great  Falls. 

MARIANNE  ISLANDS,  3  small  islands 
in  Lake  Borgne,  Mississippi. 

MARIA'S  RIVER,  branch  of  Missouri, 
which  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  near  lat. 
50°  N.  Its  general  course  is  SE.  into  the 
Missouri,  which  it  joins  about  50  m.  below  the 
Great  Falls. 

MARIE,  r.  II.  which  runs  into  the  Missis 
sippi,  between  the  Auvase  and  the  Kaskaskias. 

MARIE,  Cape  Dame,  the  W.  point  of  St. 
Domingo,  which,  with  the  Cape  St.  Nicholas, 
forms  the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Leogane. 
Lon.  74°  26'  W.;  lat.  18°  38'  N.  It  is  60 
leagues  W.  from  Port  au  Prince. 

MARIETTA,  bor.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Susquehannah,  12  m.  W.  from 
Lancaster,  3  N.  from  Columbia.  Pop.  6,058, 
including  the  township  of  Donegal. 

MARIETTA,  t.  and  cap.  Washington  co, 
Ohio,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  im 
mediately  above  the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum, 
178  m.  below  Pittsburg,  93  E.  by  N.  from 
Chillicothe,  109  SE.  from  Columbus,  61  SE. 
from  Zanesville.  Lat.  39°  25'  N.;  Ion.  81°  30' 
W.  304  from  W.  It  contains  2  churches,  an 
academy,  the  public  county  buildings,  two 
printing-offices,  a  bank,  20  stores,  about  90 
houses,  and  the  whole  township  1,914  inhabit- 
ants.  The  people  are  noted  for  their  industry 
and  sobriety,  and  the  politeness  and  urbanity 
of  their  manners.  Ships  were  formerly  built 
here ;  but  from  some  cause  the  business  has 
been  discontinued.  The  situation  of  the  town 
is  unfortunate ;  parts  of  it  being  liable  to  an 
nual  inundation.  Pop.  1,207. 

MARIEGALANTE,  one  of  the  leeward 
Caribbee  islands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  subject  to 
the  French,  extending  16  m.  from  N.to  S.  and 
4  from  E.  to  W.  It  is  full  of  hills,  and  along 
the  E.  shore  are  lofty  perpendicular  rocks,  that 


326 


MAR— MAR 


shelter  vast  numbers  of  tropical  birds.  It  has 
several  large  caverns,  with  many  little  streams 
and  ponds  of  fresh  water.  It  is  covered  with 
trees,  and  particularly  abounds  with  tobacco 
.and  the  wild  cinnamon-tree.  It  is  30  m.  N. 
of  Dominica,  and  40  E.  of  Guadaloupe.  Lon. 
61  °.ll'  W.;  lat.  15°52'N. 

MARION,  co.  Miss,  bounded  by  Hancock 
co.  in  Miss.  SE.  Washington  parish,  in  Lou. 
S.  Pike  co.  W  Covington  and  Lawrence  on 
the  N  Pop.  3,701.  Chief  town,  Columbia. 

MARION,  district,  S.C.  Pop.  11,208.  Chief- 
town,  Gilesborough. 

MARION,  co.  Geo.  Pop.  1,327,  of  whom 
109  are  colored. 

MARION,  t.  and  cap.  Twiggs  co.  Geo. 

MARION,  v.  Marion  co.  Al. 

MARION,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Crawford,  E.  by  Richland,  S.  by  Delaware 
and  Union  cos.  and  on  the  W.  by  Hardin  co. 
It  is  33  m.  long  from  E.  to  W.  and  18  broad 
from  N.  to  S.  Pop.  6,558.  Chief  town,  Ma- 
rion. 

MARION,  v.  and  cap.  Marion  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  road  from  Columbus  to  Perryville,  48  m. 
NW.  from  Columbus,  and  416  from  W.  Pop. 
287. 

MARION,  v.  Cole  co.  Miso.  144  m.  W.  from 
St.  Louis. 

MARION,  C.  H.  Marion  district,  S.  C.  124 
in.  a  little  N.  of  E.  from  Columbia. 

MARION,  co.  Ten.  bounded  S.  by  Al.  and 
Geo.  W.  and  NW.  by  Franklin,  N.  by  Bled- 
soe,  and  E.  oy  Hamilton  and  the  Cherokee 
lands ;  length  32,  mean  width  18  m.  Surface 
hilly,  and  in  part  mountainous.  Tennessee 
river  crosses  its  SE.  angle.  Chief  town,  Jas 
per.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,888 ;  in  1830,  5,516. 

MARION,  co.  Al.  bounded  W.  by  Monroe 
co.  in  Miss,  and  the  Chickasaw  lands,  N.  by 
Franklin  co.  in  Al.  NE.  by  Lawrence,  and  E. 
by  Blount  and  Jefferson.  Length,  50  m.  mean 
width  30.  Pop.  4,058.  Chief  town,  PikeviUe. 

MARION,  co.  In.  Chief  town,  Indianapolis, 
the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  7,181. 

MARKLES  MILL,  v.  Vigo  co.  In. 

MARLBOROUGH,  t  Greenville  co.  U.  C. 

MARLBOROUGH,  t.  Middlesex  co.  U.  C. 

MARLBOROUGH,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  5 
m.  SE.  from  Keene.  Pop.  822. 

MARLBOROUGH,  t  Windham  co.  Vt  44 
m.  S.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,218. 

MARLBOROUGH,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
16  m.  E.  from  Worcester,  27  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  2,074. 

MARLBOROUGH,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  17 
m.  SE.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  704. 

MARLBOROUGH,  t  .Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Hudson,  23  m.  below  Kingston.  Pop. 
2,272.  It  has  2  houses  of  public  worship,  1 
for  Quakers,  and  1  for  Presbyterians. 

MARLBOROUGH,  Lower,  v.  Calvert  co. 
Md.  on  the  Patuxent,  30  m.  SW.  from  An 
napolis. 

MARLBOROUGH,  Upper,  t.  and  cap. 
Prince  George  co.  Md.  on  the  Patuxent,  21  m. 
SW.  from  Annapolis. 

MARLBOROUGH,  district,  S.  C.  Pop. 
8,578.  At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 


MARLBOROUGH,  t.  in  the  northern  bor 
ders  of  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  which  is  situated 
in  the  village  of  Norton.  Pop.  504. 

MARLBOROUGH,  v.  Marlborough  dis 
trict,  S.  C.  94  m.  NE.  from  Columbia. 

MARLBOROUGH,  New,  t.  Berkshire  co. 
Mass.  23  m.  SSE.  from  Lenox,  118  WSW. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  1,656.  A  mineral  spring 
has  been  discovered  here. 

MARLEY'S  STORE,  v.  Sampson  co.  N.C. 

MARLOW,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  33  m.  W. 
from  Concord.  Pop.  645. 

MARQUESADO,  Villa  del,  t  Mexico,  48 
leagues  SE.  from  Mexico.  Lon.  277°  10  W. ; 
lat.  18°  2'  N. 

MARQUETTE,  r.  Michigan,  which  runs 
W.  and  falls  into  Lake  Michigan. 

MARQUIS  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small  isl 
ands  in  the  Florida  stream.  Lon.  81°  30'  W.; 
lat.  24°  35'  N. 

MARRATTICK,  t.  Halifax  co.  N.  C.  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Roanoke,  at  the  foot  of  the 
lower  falls.  It  has  a  pleasant  and  advantageous 
situation. 

MARR'S  BLUFF,  v.  Liberty  district,  S.  C. 

MARSH  ISLAND,  isl.  Maine,  in  the  Pe- 
nobscot,  4  m.  above  Bangor. 

MARSHALL VILLE,  v.  Anson  co.  N.  C. 

MARSHALLSVILLE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co. 
Va. 

MARSHALLTON,  v.  Chester  co.  Va. 

MARSHFIELD,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt  11 
m.  ENE.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,271. 

MARSHFIELD,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  15 
m.  NNW.  from  Plymouth,  30  SE.  from  Bos 
ton.  Pop.  1,563. 

MARSHPEE.  SeeMashpee. 

MARSHY-HOPE,  r.  Md.  which  rises  in 
Delaware,  and  runs  SW.  into  the  Nanticoke, 
5  m.  NE.  from  Vienna. 

MARTHA'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Missouri,  60  m.  above  the  Yel 
low-stone. 

MARTHASVILLE,  t  St.  Charles  district, 
Missouri  territory,  40  m.  W.  from  St.  Charles. 

MARTHASVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
Miso.  66  m.  W.  from  St.  Louis. 

MARTHA'S  VINEYARD,  isl.  Mass.  8  m. 
S.  from  Falmouth,  12  WSW.  from  Nantucket, 
19  m.  long,  and  from  2  to  10  broad.  Lon.  70° 
40'  W. ;  lat.  41°  40'  N.  The  greatest  part  of 
the  island  is  low  and  level  land.  In  some  parts 
the  soil  is  fertile,  but  a  great  proportion  is  un 
productive.  The  trees  on  the  island  are  small. 
The  principal  manufactures  are  those  of  woo. 
and  salt.  The  island  contains  3  towns,  Ed 
gartown,  Tisbury,  and  Chilmark. 

MARTICVILLE,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

MARTIN,  Cape,  promontory  of  Valencia, 
in  Spain,  which  separates  the  Gulf  of  Valen 
cia  from  that  of  Alicant.  Lon.  0°  36'  E. ;  lat. 
38°  54'  N. 

MARTIN,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Beaufort 
SE.  Pitt  SW.  Edgecombe  W.  Halifax  NW. 
Roanoke  river,  or  Bertie  N.  and  Washington 
E.  Length  35  m.  mean  width  about  14-  Chief 
town,  Williamston.  Pop.  in  1820,  6,320 ;  in 
1830,  6,320. 

MARTIN,  co,  In,  bounded  by  Owen  and 


MAR— MAT 


327 


Davies  S.  Sullivan  and  Vigo  W.  Wabash  and 
Delaware  NW.  and  Monroe  and  Lawrence  E. 
Length  47  m.  width  24.  The  W.  branch  of 
White  River  runs  through  this  co.  from  NW. 
to  SE.  The  soil  is  generally  very  good.  Chief 
town,  Mount  Pleasant.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,032  ; 
in  1830,  2,010. 

MARTINICO,  one  of  the  Windward  Car- 
ibbee  Islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  40  m.  in 
length,  and  100  in  circumference.  There  are 
many  high  mountains,  covered  with  trees,  as 
well  as  several  rivers  and  fertile  valleys,  but  they 
produce  neither  wheat  nor  vines.  It  produces 
sugar,  cotton,  ginger,  indigo,  chocolate,  aloes, 
pimento,  plantains,  and  other  tropical  fruits; 
and  is  extremely  populous.  Some  of  the  an 
cient  inhabitants  still  remain.  It  has  several 
safe  and  commodious  harbors,  well  fortified. 
Fort  St.  Pierre,  the  principal  place,  is  in  Ion. 
61°  20'  W. ;  lat.  14°  14'  N. 

MARTINSBOROUGH,  t  N.  C.  on  Tar  r. 
20  m.  above  Washington. 

MARTINSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Lewis  co. 
N.  Y.  on  Black  river,  48  m.  NE.  from  Utica, 
144  NW.  from  Albany,  431  from  W.  Pop. 
2,382.  Here  is  a  pleasant  and  flourishing  vil 
lage,  which  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
meeting-house,  a  paper-mill,  and  other  valuable 
mills. 

MARTINSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Berkeley  co. 
Va.  8  m.  S.  of  the  Potomac,  22  NNE.  from 
Winchester,  71  from  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  an  Episcopal  church, 
and  about  150  houses.  It  is  situated  in  a  rich 
and  beautiful  country. 

MARTINSBURG,  t.  Hopkins  co.  Ken. 

MARTINSBURG,  v.  in  the  northern  part 
of  Bedford  co.  Pa.  27  miles  NNE.  from  Bed 
ford. 

MARTINSVILLE,  v.  Henry  co.  Va.  20  m. 
WNW.  from  Danville. 

MARY  ANN  FORGE,  v.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

MARYLAND,  one  of  the  U.  S.  See  page  87. 

MARYLAND,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  16  m.  S. 
from  Cooperstown.  Pop.  1,834. 

MARYLAND  POINT,  a  point  formed  by 
a  bend  in  the  Potomac,  Md.  12  m.  SW.  from 
Port  Tobacco. 

MARYSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Charlotte  co. 
Va.  about  34  m.  SE.  from  Lynchburg,  187 
from  W. 

MARYSVILLE,  v.  Campbell  co.  Va. 

MARYSVILLE,  v.  Harrison  co.  Ken. 

MARYVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Blount  co.  Ten. 
15  m.  S.  from  Knoxville,  532  from  W.  It  con 
tains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  a  bank. 

MASCOM  Y  POND,  N.  H.  in  Enfield  and 
Lebanon,  chiefly  in  the  former.  It  is  1,250 
rods  in  length,  and  250  in  breadth. 

MASCOMY,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs  into  the 
Connecticut,  in  Lebanon ;  7  m.  long. 

MASCONTIN,  r.  Illinois,  which  empties 
into  the  Wabash,  between  Vincennes  and  Fort 
Harrison. 

MASCOUCHE,  r.  L.  Canada,  which  falls 
into  the  river  St.  John,  about  12  m.  before  the 
latter  joins  the  St.  Lawrence. 

MASCOURY,  Point  de,  cape  on  the  north 


coast  of  St.  Domingo.    Lon.  71°  10'  W. ;  lat. 
19°  45'  N. 

MASHPEE,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  11  m. 
S.  from  Sandwich,  13  SW.  from  Barnstable. 
It  has  2  harbors,  Popponesset  Bay,  and  Wa- 
quoit  Bay,  both  of  which  have  bars  at  their 
mouths. 

MASON,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  12  m 
SW.  from  Amherst,  42  SSW.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  1,403. 

MASON,  co.  NW.  side  of  Va.  bounded  NE. 
by  Wood  co.  SE.  and  S.  by  Kenhawa  co.  and 
W.  and  N  W.  by  the  Ohio ;  352  m  from  W 
Pop.  6,534.  Chief  town,  Point  Pleasant. 

MASON,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  the  Ohio  r. 
NE.  Lewis  E.  Fleming  SE.  and  S.  Nicholas 
SW.  and  Bracken  W.;  length  18  m.  mean 
width  14.  Surface  uneven,  though  there  are 
considerable  tracts  of  excellent  soil  on  streams, 
particularly  the  Ohio.  Staples,  grain,  flour, 
whisky,  &c.  Chief  towns,  Washington,  and 
the  seat  of  justice,  Maysville.  Pop.  in  1820, 
13,588;  in  1830, 16,203. 

MASON  HALL,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  C. 

MASON'S  ISLAND,  small  id.  in  the  Poto 
mac  ;  Ion.  77°  13'  W. ;  lat.  39°  N. 

MASONVILLE,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  ad 
jacent  to  the  SE.  angle  of  Chenango  co.  26  m. 
W.  from  Delhi. 

MASSABESICK  POND,  N.  H.  mostly  in 
Chester,  but  partly  in  Manchester.  It  is  a 
beautiful  sheet  of  water,  about  3  m.  long,  con 
taining  1,512  acres. 

MASSAC  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  Ion.  89°  25'  W. ;  lat.  36°  47'  N. 

MASSACHUSETTS,  State  of.    See  p.  54. 

MASSACHUSETTS  BAY,  between  Cape 
Ann  on  the  N.  and  Cape  Cod  on  the  S. 

MASSACRE  ISLAND,  Al.  2  m.  E.  from 
Horn  island,  10  m.  from  the  main  land. 

MASSASINWAY,  r.  In.  unites  with  Little 
river  at  Fort  Tecumseh  to  form  the  Wabash. 

MASSENA,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  river  St.  Lawrence. 

MASSERN,  a  hill  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Ar 
kansas,  near  Fort  Smith. 

MASSIE'S  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  joins  the  Lit 
tie  Miami,  4  m.  above  Xenia.  There  are  falls 
near  its  mouth. 

MATACA,  Mantaca,  commodious  bay  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  35  m.  E.  of 
Havana ;  Ion.  89°  16'  W. ;  lat.  23°  12'  N. 

MATANCHET,  t.  Mexico,  on  the  Pacific 
Ocean.    Lon.  105°  24'  W. ;  lat.  20°  45'  N. 
^  MATANE,  r.  L.  C.  which  falls  into  the  S. 
side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  near  its  mouth. 

MATANZA  RIVER,  an  inlet  of  the  sea 
on  the  E.  coast  of  Florida,  20  m.  S.  from  St. 
Augustine. 

MATANZAS,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba, 
60  m.  E.  from  Havana.  It  has  a  large  and 
safe  harbor.  Lon.  81°  30'  W. ;  lat.  23°  3'  N. 
Pop.  7,000. 

MATAOUASCHIE  RIVER,  r.  U.  Canada, 
runs  into  the  Ottawa  river,  above  the  river  du 
Rideau. 

MATAPEDIACH,  Lake,  L.C.  the  source 
of  Ristigouche  river. 


328 


MAT— MEA 


MATCHEDASH,  bay,  in  the  eastern  part 
of  Lake  Huron,  into  which  the  river  Severn 
empties,  and  forms  a  communication  with  Lake 
Simcoe,  U.  C. 

MATILDA,  v.  Fairfax  co.  Va.  on  the  Poto 
mac,  near  the  Great  Fall. 

MATILDA,  t.  Dundas  co.  U.  Canada,  on 
the  St.  Lawrence. 

MATILDAVILLE,  v.  Fairfax  co.  Va.  at 
the  mouth  of  Difficult  creek,  17  miles  above 
Washington  City. 

MATINICUS,  isls.  Maine,  S.  of  Penobscot 
Bay.  Lon.  68°  20'  W ;  lat.  43°  56'  N. 

MATTALUCK,  r.  Ct  which  at  Waterbury 
takes  the  name  of  Naugatuck. 

MATTAPOISETTS,  v.  Plymouth  co.  Mass, 
20  m.  SSW.  from  Plymouth,  and  66  a  little 
E.  ofS.  from  Boston. 

MATTAPONY,  r.  Va.  rises  in  Spottsylva- 
nia  co.  and  running  SE.  joins  the  Pamunky  at 
Delaware,  to  form  York  river.  It  admits  load 
ed  flats  to  Downer's  Bridge,  70  m.  above  its 
mouth. 

MATTHEWS,  co.  Va.  commencing  8  m 
S,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac.  There  is 
a  post-office  at  the  court-house.  Pop.  in  1820, 
6,920  ;  in  1830,  7,663. 

MATTHEWS,  C.  H.  Matthews  co.  Va.  108 
m.  E.  from  Richmond. 

MATTITUCK,  v.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on  Po- 
conic  bay,  8  m.  SW.  from  Southold,  and  85  E. 
from  New  York. 

MAUCHCHUNK,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Lehigh,  30  m.  by 
land  above  Bethlehem.  It  is  the  landing  for 
the  coal  procured  on  a  mountain  of  the  same 
name.  Pop.  1,362. 

MAUGERVILLE,  t.  New  Brunswick,  in 
Sunbury  co.  on  St.  John's  river. 

MAUMEE,  r.  rises  in  Indiana,  flows  NE. 
into  the  NW.  angle  of  Ohio,  through  which  it 
continues  NE.  and  falls  into  the  extreme  SW. 
extension  of  Lake  Erie.  About  18  m.  above 
its  mouth  it  is  impeded  by  shoals,  occasioned 
by  a  series  of  ledges  of  rock,  which  cross  the 
river  for  a  distance  of  18  miles.  It  is  a  fine 
navigable  stream  above  and  below  these  shoals. 
Its  principal  branches,  which  all  unite  above 
the  shoals,  are  St.  Mary's,  St.  Joseph's,  and 
Great  and  Little  Auglaize. 

MAUMEE  BAY,  is  an  oval  sheet  of  water, 
5  m.  long  and  about  2  wide,  and  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Maumee  river;  it  is  united  to  Lake 
Erie  by  two  channels,  formed  by  a  small  island 
in  the  form  of  a  crescent  The  western  chan 
nel  has  a  depth  of  about  7  feet 

MAUMEE,  v.  Wood  co.  Ohio,  on  the  left 
bank  of  Maumee  river,  above  its  lower  falls, 
and  nearly  opposite  Fort  Meigs.  Lat  41°  33' 
N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  6°  44'  W. 

MAUREPAS,  lake,  La.  It  is  formed  by  a 
dilation  of  the  Amite  river,  and  communicates 
with  Lake  Ponchartrain  by  a  strait  7  miles  in 
length,  called  the  pass  of  Manchac.  It  is  of 
an  oval  figure,  12  m.  by  7.  It  receives  from 
the  S.  the  Acadian  creek,  from  the  W.  New 
river  and  Amite  river,  and  from  the  N.  the 
Tickoshah.  Its  depth  is  about  12  feet,  but  the 


pass  of  Manchac  admits  of  vessels  of  6  feet 
draft  only. 

MAURICE,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into  Dela 
ware  Bay  in  Cumberland  co.  It  is  navigable 
20  m.  for  vessels  of  100  tons. 

MAURICE,  ST.  r.  L.  C.  which  enters  the 
St.  Lawrence  from  the  N.  at  the  town  of  Three 
Rivers. 

MAURICE,  ST.  co.  L.  C.  on  both  sides  of 
St.  Maurice  river,  and  extends  along  the  NE. 
shore  of  St.  Lawrence  river,  from  3  m.  above 
St.  Anne  river  to  6  m.  above  the  Majkinonge, 
or  about  58  m.  Its  capital  is  the  town  of  Three 
Rivers,  the  third  in  size  in  Canada. 

MAURICE  RIVER,  t  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 
Pop  2,085. 

MAURY,  co.  W.  Ten.  bounded  by  Giles  S. 
Hickman  W.  Duck  river  or  Williamson  N. 
Bedford  E.  Length  35  m.  mean  width  20, 
area  700  sq.  m.  Surface  hilly.  Soil  excellent. 
Staple  cotton.  Chief  town,  Columbia,  40  m. 
SSW.  from  Nashville.  Pop.  in  1820,  22,141. 
Lat.  35°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  W.  from  W. 

MAY,  r.  S.  C.  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic. 
Lon.  80°  55'  W.;  lat.  32°  15'  N. 

MAYFIELD,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  40 
m.  NW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,614. 

MAYLICK,  a  salt  spring,  in  Mason  co. 
Ken.  9  m.  SSW.  from  W. 

MAYO,  r.  which  rises  in  Va.  and  runs  into 
the  Dan,  hi  N.  C. 

MAY'S  LANDING,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 

MAY'S  LICK,  t  Mason  co.  Ken. 

MAYSVILLE,  t  Mason  co.  Ken.  on  the 
Ohio,  3  m.  NE.  from  Washington,  60  NE.  from 
Lexington,  63  above  Cincinnati,  275  m.  by 
land,  and  500  by  water,  below  Pittsburg.  It 
has  a  fine  harbor  for  boats,  and  is  situated  on 
a  narrow  bottom  on  the  verge  of  a  chain  of 
high  hills.  There  are  three  streets  running 
parallel  with  the  river,  and  four  streets  cross 
ing  them  at  right  angles.  This  place  has  the 
usual  number  of  stores  and  manufactories. 
Glass  and  some  other  articles  are  manufactured 
to  a  considerable  extent.  It  has  a  market- 
house,  court-house,  three  houses  for  public  wor 
ship,  and  some  other  public  buildings.  What 
has  given  particular  importance  to  Maysville, 
is  its  being  the  principal  place  of  importation 
for  the  NE.  part  of  the  state.  The  greater 
part  of  the  goods  for  Kentucky  from  Philadel 
phia  and  the  eastern  cities,  are  landed  here, 
and  distributed  hence  over  the  state.  It  is  a 
thriving,  active  town,  and  a  number  of  steam 
boats  have  been  built  here.  Pop.  2,040. 

MAYSVILLE,  v.  rnd  seat  of  justice,  Cha- 
tauque  co.  N.  Y.  at  tae  head  of  Chatauque 
Lake,  8  m.  from  Portland,  on  Lake  Erie,  60 
SW.  from  Buffalo,  and  349  m.  from  W. 

MEAD,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio 
river.  Pop.  1,492. 

MEADOW  RIVER,  r.  Maine,  which  runs 
into  Casco  Bay. 

MEADOW  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  which 
runs  into  La"ke  Huron.  Lon.  84°  30'  W.;  lat, 
45°  38'  N. 

MEADVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Crawford  co.  Pa 
on  French  Creek,  25  m.  W.  from  Franklin,  37 


MEA— MEN 


329 


S.  from  Erie,  and  297  from  W.  Lon.  80°  11' 
W.  ;  lat.  41°  37'  N.  The  village  is  very  plea 
santly  situated,  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  bank,  an  arsenal,  a  printing- 
office,  from  which  is  issued  a  weekly  newspa 
per,  a  social  library,  an  academy,  and  a  col 
lege.  Alleghany  college  was  founded  in  this 
place  in  1815  :  it  has  a  library  of  8,000  vols. 
and  is  tolerably  well  endowed.  Commencement 
is  on  the  first  Wednesday  of  July,  after  which 
there  is  a  vacation  of  6  weeks  ;  there  is  one 
other  vacation  from  Dec.  25th  to  Jan.  15th 
Pop.  1,094. 

MEANSVILLE,  or  Towanda,  t.  and  cap. 
Bradford  co.  Pa.  on  the  eastern  branch  of  the 
Susquehannah,  60  m.  NW.  from  Wilkesbarre 
It  contains  the  usual  county  building,  and  is  a 
place  of  some  trade.  Pop.  987. 

MEANSVILLE,  v.  Union  district,  S.  C. 

MECHANIC,  v.  in  Washington  township, 
Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  15|  m.  N.  from  Pough- 
keepsie.  Here  is  a  Quaker  boarding-school 
The  building  is  3  stories  high,  and  accommo 
dates  100  students. 

MECHANICS,  t.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
353. 

MECHANICSBURG,  t.  Cumberland  co. 
Pa. 

MECHANICSBURG,  v.  Champaign  co. 
Ohio,  in  the  township  of  Goshen,  14  m.  E. 
from  Urbana,  26  NE.  from  Columbus.  Pop. 
99. 

MECHANICSTOWN,  v.  Frederick  co. 
Md. 

MECHANICSVILLE,  v.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y 

MECHANICSVILLE,  v.  Darlington  dis 
trict,  S.  C. 

MECKLENBURG,  co.  S.  side  of  Va.  bound 
ed  N.  by  Lunenburg  co.  E.  by  Brunswick  co. 
S.  by  N.  C.  and  W.  by  Halifax  and  Charlotte 
cos.  Pop.  20,366.  Chief  town,  Boydton. 

MECKLENBURG,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by 
SC.  S.  and  SW.  by  Catawba  river  or  Lincoln 
co.  N.  C.  NW.  Iredell  N.  Cabarras  NE.  and 
Anson  SE.  Length  45  m.  mean  width  18. 
Surface  rather  uneven.  Soil  near  the  streams 
excellent,  but  in  the  intervals  sterile.  It  is 
drained  by  several  creeks  flowing  SW.  into 
Catawba  river.  It  produces  grain,  cotton,  and 
tobacco.  Chief  town,  Charlotte,  130  m.  SW. 
by  W.  from  Raleigh.  Pop.  in  1820,  16,895  ;  in 


MEDFIELD,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  18  m. 
SW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  817. 

MEDFORD,  v.  Middlesex  co.  Mass,  on  the 
Mystic  river,  5  m.  NW.  of  Boston. 

MEDFORD,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  46  m. 
SE.  from  Trenton. 

MEDFORD,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass,  on 
Mystic  river,  4  m.  N.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,755. 
It  is  a  pleasant,  handsome,  and  flourishing 
town,  and  contains  a  grammar-school  for  lads, 
and  a  boarding-school  for  young  ladies,  and 
has  a  number  of  elegant  houses.  The  river 
is  navigable  for  vessels  of  considerable  size  to 
this  place,  where  it  meets  the  Middlesex  canal. 

MEDICINE,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  E, 
into  the  Missouri,  13  m.  above  the  Great  Falls. 
2R 


MEDINA,  co.  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohio,  bound 
ed  on  the  N.  by  Cuyahoga,  E.  by  Portage,  S 
by  Wayne,  and  W.  by  Huron  cos.  It  is  38 
m.  long  from  E.  to  W.  and  20  broad  from  N. 
to.S.  County-seat,  Medina  township.  Black 
and  Rocky  rivers  take  their  rise  in  this  co 
Pop.  in  1820,  3,082;  in  1830,  7,560. 

MEDINA,  t.  and  seat  of  justice  for  Medina 
co.  Ohio,  on  the  sources  of  the  Rocky  river,  26 
m.  SW.  from  Cleveland. 

MEDOMACK,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me. 

MEDWAY,  t  Norfolk  co.  Mass,  about  25 
m.  SW.  from  Boston,  and  about  the  same  dis 
tance  NE.  from  Providence,  R.  I. 

MEHERRIN,  r.  which  rises  in  Virginia, 
and  running  into  N.  Carolina,  unites  with  the 
Nottaway,  7  m.  below  the  line,  to  form  the 
Chowan  river. 

MEIGS,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  E.  and  SE.  by 
Ohio  river,  S.  by  Gallia  and  Athens,  and  N.  by 
Athens.  Length  30  m.  breadth  very  unequal, 
from  12  to  22.  Surface  broken,  though  some 
of  the  soil  is  very  good.  Pop.  in  1820,  4,480 ; 
in  1830,  6,159.  Chief  town,  Salisbury. 

MEIGS,  SE.  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
796. 

MEIGS,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,229. 

MEIGSVILLE,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio,  70  m. 
SE.  by  E.  from  Columbus.  Pop.  684. 

MEIGSVILLE,  v.  Randolph  co.  Va.  317  m. 
NW.  from  Richmond. 

MEIGSVILLE,  v.  Jackson  co.  Ten.  84  m. 
NE.  by  E.  from  Nashville. 

MELBOURNE,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  on 
the  St.  Francis  river,  50  m.  S.  by  E.  from 
Three  Rivers. 

MELVILLE,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 

MELVILLE  ISLAND,  the  largest  of  the 
New  Georgia  islands,  135  m.  long  and  40  or  50 
broad,  in  the  Polar  Sea,  discovered  by  Capt- 
Parry.  In  Hecla  and  Griper's  Bay,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  island,  the  expedition  under  the 
Captain  wintered,  in  1819-1820.  Cape  Dun- 
das,  the  W.  point,  is  in  Ion  113°  57'  35"  W. ; 
lat.  72°  27'  50"  N. 

MELTONSVILLE,  v.  Anson  co.  N.  C.  132 
m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

MEMPHIS,  v.  Shelby  co.  Ten.  on  the  Mis 
sissippi  river.  It  is  situated  on  the  site  of  Old 
Fort  Pickering,  and  at  the  mouth  of  Loosa- 
hatchie  river. 

MEMPHREMAGOG,  lake,  America,  the 
greater  part  of  which  belongs  to  Canada,  and 
the  rest  to  the  state  of  Vermont.  It  is  35  m. 
long,  and  3  broad.  It  communicates  with  tho 
St.  Lawrence,  by  the  river  St.  Francis,  and  re 
ceives  the  waters  of  Black,  Barton,  and  Clyde 
rivers,  which  rise  in  Vermont. 

MENAN,  Little,  id.  Me.  with  a  light-house, 
2  m.  SSE.  from  Goldsborough. 

MENDHAM,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  6  m.  W. 
from  Morristown.  Pop.  1,314. 

MENDON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  E.  from 
the  Pawtucket,  19  m.  SE.  from  Worcester,  36 
SW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  3,152.  It  borders  on 
Rhode  Island,  and  is  watered  by  Charles  and 
Mill  rivers,  and  contains  a  cotton  manufactory, 
forge,  and  other  valuable  mills. 


330 


MEN— MEX 


MENDON,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.,  NW.  from 
Canandaigua.  Pop.  3,075. 

MENOMINIE,  r.  Michigan  Ter.  runs  into 
Green  Bay,  60  m.  NE.  from  Fort  Howard.  It 
admits  vessels  drawing  6  or  7  feet  water,  and 
canoes  ascend  60  leagues. 

MENTOR,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake 
Erie,  on  W.  side  of  Paincsville.  Pop.  703. 

MENTOS,  t.  La.  on  the  Arkansas,  150  m. 
SW.  from  New  Madrid.  Lon.  92°  40'  W. ; 
lat.  35°  21'  N. 

MENTZ,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Erie 
canal,  12  m.  NW.  from  Auburn.  Pop.  4,144. 
In  this  town  is  the  village  of  Montezuma. 

MERCER,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  11  m.  W. 
from  Nor  ridge  wick.  Pop.  1,210. 

MERCER,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Crawford 
co.  E.  by  Venango  co.  S.  by  Beaver  co.  and  W. 
by  Ohio.  Pop.  19,731.  Chief  town,  Mercer. 

MERCER,  bor.  and  seat  of  justice,  Mercer 
co.  Pa.  on  the  W.  side  of  Neshanoc  creek,  57 
m.  a  little  W.  of  N.  from  Pittsburg,  267  from 
W.  Pop.  656. 

MERCER,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Lincoln 
SE.  Casey  S.  Washington  W.  Franklin  N. 
Kentucky  river,  or  Woodford  and  Jessamine 
NE.  and  Garrard  or  Dick's  river  E.  Length 
26  m.  mean  width  14.  Pop.  in  1820,  15,587 ; 
in  1830,  17,706.  Chief  town,  Harrodsburg. 

MERCER,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  W.  by  In. 
N.  by  Vauwert,  E.  by  Allen  and  Shelby,  and 
S.  by  Dark.  Length  25  m.  breadth  24.  Pop. 
1,110. 

MEREDITH,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  W. 
side  of  Lake  Winnipiseogee,  29  m.  N.  from 
Concord,  63  N  W.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  2,683. 
The  township  contains  a  nail  manufactory,  2 
distilleries,  and  4  houses  of  public  worship. 

MEREDITH,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  8  m. 
N.  from  Delhi,  66  W.  from  Catskill,  69  SW. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  1,655. 

MERIDA,  city,  Mexico,  cap.  of  the  province 
of  Yucatan,  70  m.  NE.  from  Campeachy. 
Pop.  10,000. 

MERIDEN,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  17  m.  N. 
from  New  Haven,  17  S.  from  Hartford.  Pop. 
1,708.  It  contains  3  churches,  1  for  Congre- 
gationalists,  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for 
Baptists.  Here  are  several  manufactories  of 
tin  ware. 

MERIDIAN,  v.  Madison  co.  Missouri. 

MERIDIANVILLE,  v.  Madison  co.  Al.  8 
m.  N.  from  Huntsville. 

MERMENTAU,  Mexicana,  or  Mentou,  r. 
La.  which,  after  a  S.  course  of  200  m.  falls  into 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  200  m.  W.  of  the  Missis 
sippi.  In  the  lower  part  of  its  course,  it  ex- 
pands  into  a  spacious  lake,  and  again  contracts 
to  a  small  river. 

MEROM,  t.  and  cap.  Sullivan  co.  In.  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Wabash,  35  m.  above  Vincennes. 
Its  situation  is  elevated,  commanding  a  view 
of  the  prairie  country  for  30  m.  It  is  688 
m.  from  W. 

MERRIMACK,  r.  N.  H.  formed  by  the 
Union  of  the  Pemigewasset  and  the  Winni 
piseogee.  It  rises  in  Grafton  co.  and  runs  in 
a  SE.  direction  through  the  state.  It  then  en 
ters  Massachusetts,  makes  a  turn  to  the  NE. 


and  empties  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  below 
Newburyport.  It  is  navigable  to  Haverhill 
The  Middlesex  canal  connects  this  river  with 
Boston  harbor,  and,  by  means  of  various  im 
provements  around  the  rapids  and  falls  of  the 
river,  the  navigation  is  now  extended  as  high 
up  as  Concord. 

MERRIMACK,  r.  of  Miso.  rises  in  Frank 
lin  co.  flows  NE.  through  Franklin,  and  sepa 
rating  Jefferson  from  St.  Louis,  falls  into  the 
Mississippi,  5  m.  below  the  town  of  St.  Louis 

MERRIMACK,  co.  N.  H.  formed  from  the 
towns  adjacent  to,  and  including  the  state 
capital,  Concord.  Pop.  34,61ft 

MERRIMACK,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  6 
m.  E.  from  Amherst.  Pop.  1,191. 

MERRIMACK,  t.  Washington  co.  Miso. 

MERRIMACK,  t.  Franklin  co.  Miso. 

MERRIMACK,  r.  Miso.  which  rises  in  the 
highlands  E.  of  the  Gasconade,  and  falls  into 
the  Mississippi,  20  m.  below  St.  Louis. 

MERRITSTOWN,  v.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 

MERRY  HILL,  v.  Bertie  co.  N.  C. 

MERRYMEET1NG  BAY,  Me.  is  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  Kennebeck  and  Andros- 
coggin  rivers,  20  m.  from  the  sea. 

MERRYMEETING  BAY,  N.  H.  the  SE. 
arm  of  Lake  Winnipiseogee,  extending  about 
5  m.  in  the  township  of  Alton. 

MERRY'S  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Hudson's  Bay. 
Lon.  93°  5'  W. ;  lat.  61°  52'  N. 

MERSEA,  t.  Essex  co.  U.  C.  on  Lake  Erie. 

MERUVAIS,  r.  NW.  Territory,  runs  into 
Lake  Superior.  It  interlocks  with  the  St. 
Croix,  a  water  of  the  Mississippi. 

MESOPOTAMIA,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  16 
m.  NW.  from  Warren. 

MESQUITAL,  t.  Mexico,  18  m.  NE.  from 
Guadalaxara. 

META,  r.  Arkansas,  which  traverses  the 
whole  length  of  the  Great  Prairie,  and  empties 
into  the  N.  side  of  Arkansas  river,  several  m 
above  the  post  of  Arkansas. 

METCALFBOROUGH,  v.  Franklin  co 
Tennessee. 

MEXICALTZINCO,  t.  Mexico,  6  m.  SE. 
from  Mexico. 

MEXICO,  Republic  of.    See  page  159. 

MEXICO,  City  of,  capital  of  the  republic 
of  the  same  name,  is  situated  in  lat.  19°  26' 
N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  22°  5'  W.  on  or  near  the  W. 
shore  of  the  Lake  Tezcuco,  and  in  the  central 
part  of  the  valley  of  Tenochtillan,  and  also, 
nearly  at  mid-distance  between  Vera  Cruz  and 
Acapulco.  The  site  of  Mexico  is  elevated 
7,470  feet  above  the  ocean.  The  ancient  city 
was  divided  into  four  quarters,  Teopan  or  Xo- 
chimilco,  Atzacualco,  Moyotla,  and  Creepopan , 
and  the  old  limits  are  preserved  in  St.  Paul, 
St.  Sebastian,  St.  John,  and  St.  Mary.  The 
present  streets  have  for  the  most  part  the  same 
direction  with  the  old  ones,  running  from  N. 
to  S.  and  from  E.  to  W.  But  what  gives  the 
new  city  a  peculiar  and  distinctive  character, 
is,  that  it  is  situated  entirely  on  the  continent, 
between  the  extremities  of  the  two  Lakes  of 
Tezcuco,  and  Xochimilco,  and  that  it  only  re 
ceives  by  navigable  canals  the  fresh  water  of 
the  Xochimilco.  A  canal,  dug  at  a  prodigious 


MEX— MID 


331 


expense,  under  the  mountains,  contributes  to 
drain  it.  The  houses  are  built  on  piles,  as  the 
ground  is  by  no  means  firm.  The  streets, 
though  wide,  are  badly  paved.  The  houses  in 
this  strange  and  rich  vale  on  the  summits  of 
mountains,  are  as  magnificent  and  unique,  as 
the  position.  They  are  spacious,  and  built  of 
porphyry  and  amygdaloid.  Many  of  the  pal 
aces  and  private  mansions  have  an  imposing 
show,  and  glitter  with  metallic  riches.  The 
cathedral  is,  perhaps,  the  richest  in  the  world. 
Altars,  candle-sticks  and  images  of  the  saints 
are  of  colossal  size,  and  solid  silver,  and  orna 
mented  with  precious  stones.  Palaces,  man 
sions  of  great  families,  beautiful  fountains  and 
extensive  squares,  adorn  the  interior  of  this 
city.  Near  the  suburbs,  to  the  north,  is  the 
alameda,  or  chief  promenade.  Round  this 
walk  flows  a  rivulet  forming  a  fine  square,  in 
the  centre  of  which  is  a  fountain,  with  a  basin. 
Eight  alleys  of  trees  terminate  here,  in  the 
form  of  an  altar.  The  detestable  Inquisition, 
finally  abolished  by  the  ex-emperor  Iturbide, 
was  near  this  square.  This  superb  city  is  in 
habited  by  160,000  people,  and  is  the  centre 
of  more  scientific  establishments  than  any 
other  Spanish  town  in  America. 

MEXICO,  Gulf  of,  a  large  bay  or  gulf  of 
the  Atlantic,  extending  from  the  coast  of  Flor 
ida  to  Yucatan,  about  600  m.  and  from  Cuba 
to  the  coast  of  Mexico,  about  700. 

MEXICO,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.     Pop.  344. 

MEXICO,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  Mexico 
Bay,  in  Lake  Ontario,  13  m.  E.  from  Oswego. 
Lat.  43°  31'  N.  Pop.  2,671. 

MEXTITLAN,  t.  Mexico,  95  m.  ENE.  from 
Mexico.  Lon.  98°  2'  W. ;  lat.  20°  37'  N. 

MIAMI,  r.  Ohio,  which,  after  a  course  of 
100  miles,  enters  the  Ohio  near  the  south-west 
corner  of  the  state.  It  is  navigable  75  miles. 
There  is  a  portage  of  only  5  miles  between 
its  head  waters  and  the  Auglaize,  a  river  of 
Lake  Erie. 

MIAMI,  Little,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  Ohio 
river,  7  m.  above  Cincinnati.  In  Greene  co. 
there  are  remarkable  falls  in  the  river.  It  is 
one  of  the  best  mill-streams  in  the  state. 

MIAMI,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Shelby,  E.  by  Champaign  and  Clarke  cos.  S.  by 
Montgomery,  and  W.  by  Dark  co.  It  is  21  m. 
in  extent  from  N.  to  S.  by  20  from  E.  to  W. 
Chief  town,  Troy.  Pop.  12,806. 

MIAMI,  v.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  above 
the  mouth  of  Great  Miami  river,  and  16  W. 
from  Cincinnati.  Pop.  113. 

MIAMI,  t.  Greene  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  780. 

MIAMI'S  BERG,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio, 
12  m.  S.  from  Dayton. 

MIAMI  UNIVERSITY,  Oxford  t.  Butler 
co.  Ohio. 

MIAMI,  western  t.  Logan  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
825. 

MICHAELS,  t  and  cap.  Madison  co.  Miso. 
30  m.  SW.  from  Genevieve. 

MICHIGAN,  lake,  U.  S.  260  m.  long,  55 
broad,  and  800  in  circumference,  containing, 
according  to  Hutchins,  10,368,000  acres,  or 
16,200  sq.  ms.  On  the  NE.  it  communicates 
with  Lake  Huron,  through  the  straits  of  Michil- 


limackinack,  and  on  the  NW.  it  branches  out 
into  two  bays,  one  called  Noquet's  and  the 
other  Green  Bay.  The  lake  is  navigable  for 
ships  of  any  burden,  and  has  fish  of  various 
kinds,  particularly  trout,  of  a  large  size  and 
excellent  quality,  and  sturgeon.  Lon.  84°  30' 
to  87°  W. ;  lat.  41°  35'  to  45°  50'  N. 

MICHIGAN  TERRITORY.    See  p.  151. 

MICHILLIMACKINACK,  co.  Michigan. 
It  comprises  all  the  northern  part  of  the  Ter 
ritory.  Michillimackinack,  or  Mackinack,  on 
the  island  of  that  name,  is  the  capital.  Pop. 
877. 

MICHILLIMACKINACK,  a  broad  river 
or  strait,  which  connects  Lake  Huron  to  Lake 
Michigan.  It  is  6  m.  wide  and  20  or  30  long, 

MICHILLIMACKINACK,  district,  MichL 
gan. 

MICHILLIMACKINACK,  Little,  r.  II. 
which  runs  NW.  into  the  Illinois,  13m.  below 
the  Illinois  Lake.  It  is  about  170  m.  long, 
and  navigable  for  boats  90. 

MICHILLIMACKINACK,  or  Mackinack, 
isl.  and  fort,  situated  in  the  straits,  or  river, 
Michillimackinack,  200  m.  NNW.  from  De 
troit.  Lon.  84°  30'  W. ;  lat.  45°  33'  N.  This 
fort  is  composed  of  a  strong  stockade,  is  neatly 
built,  and  exhibits  a  beautiful  appearance  from 
the  water.  The  ground  on  which  it  stands  is 
150  feet  above  the  lake,  and  100  yards  from 
the  shore.  The  village  near  the  fort  contains 
a  Roman  Catholic  church. 

MICHISCOUI,  r.  which  rises  in  Canada, 
runs  through  N  W.  part  of  Vermont,  and  flows 
into  Lake  Champlain,  at  Michiscoui  Bay,  hi 
Highgate. 

MIDDLEBOROUGH,  t.  Plymouth  county, 
Mass.  10  m.  W.  from  Plymouth,  39  S.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  5,008.  This  is  a  large  township, 
and  contains  a  rolling  and  slitting-mill,  a  shovel 
manufactory,  2  forges,  2  furnaces,  2  cotton 
manufactories,  a  town-house,  an  academy,  and 
several  houses  of  public  worship,  for  Congre- 
gationalists  and  Baptists. 

MIDDLEBOROUGH,  v.  Wayne  co.  Pa. 

MIDDLEBROOK  MILLS,  v.  Montgomery 
co.  Md. 

MIDDLEBROOK,  t.  Augusta  co.  Va.  11  m. 
SW.  from  Staunton. 

MIDDLEBURG,  t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  10 
miles  S.  from  Schoharie,  35  W.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  3,266. 

MIDDLEBURG,  t.  Loudon  co.  Va.  32  m. 
SE.  from  Winchester. 

MIDDLEBURG,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  15  m. 
NE.  from  Fredericktown. 

MIDDLEBURG,  t.  Nelson  co.  Ken. 

MIDDLEBURG,  t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio. 

MIDDLEBURY,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
2,415. 

MIDDLEBURY,  t.  and  cap.  Addison  co 
Vt.  on  both  sides  of  Otter  creeek ;  11  m.  SE. 
from  Vergennes,  31  S.  from  Burlington,  32  N 
from  Rutland,  51  SW.  from  Montpelier.  Lon 
73°  6'  W. ;  lat.  44°  N.  Pop.  3,468.  Distancb 
from  W.  483  m.  It  is  the  seat  of  various  im 
portant  manufactures,  especially  of  marble. 
Besides  the  usual  county  buildings,  it  contains 
two  flourishing  academies,  one  for  each  sex, 


332 


MID— MID 


several  churches,  and  Middlebury  College,  the 
most  considerable  seminary  of  learning  in  the 
Btate.  It  has  a  president  and  5  professors — 
1  of  law,  1  of  mathematics  and  natural  philo 
sophy,  1  of  theology,  1  of  languages,  and  1  of 
chemistry  ;  and  2  tutors.  The  number  of  stu 
dents  ranges  from  80  to  100.  The  total  num 
ber  of  those  who  have  been  educated  at  this 
seminary,  and  have  received  the  degree  of  A.  B. 
in  1830  was  495,  of  whom  193  had  devoted 
themselves  to  the  Christian  ministry.  The  li 
braries  contain  4,168  volumes.  The  com 
mencement  is  held  on  the  third  Wednesday  in 
August.  There  are  three  vacations;  one  from 
commencement,  4  weeks ;  one  from  the  first 
Wednesday  in  January,  7  weeks;  and  the  other 
from  the  third  Wednesday  in  May,  2  weeks. 

MIDDLEBURY,  v.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  187 
m.  NE,  from  Columbus. 

MIDDLEBURY  VILLAGE,  v.  on  the 
eastern  boundary  of  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  and  on 
Allen's  creek,  15  m.  SSE.  from  Batavia.  This 
t.  is  different  from  that  of  Middlebury  in  the 
same  township. 

MIDDLEBURY,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  22 
m.  NW.  from  New  Haven,  36  SW.  from  Hart 
ford.  Pop.  816. 

MIDDLE  CREEK,  r.  Northumberland  co. 
Pa.  which  runs  E.  into  the  Susquehannah,  8  m. 
below  Sun  bury. 

MIDDLEFIELD,  t  Hampshire  ca  Mass. 
24  m.  W.  from  Northampton,  110  from  Boston. 
Pop.  721. 

MIDDLEFIELD,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  3  m. 
E.  from  Cooperstown,  35  SE.  from  Utica,  63 
W.  from  Albany. 

MIDDLE  FORK,  r.  Madison  co.  Ken. 
which  unites  with  the  river  Kentucky. 

MIDDLE  GRANVILLE,  v.  Hampshire 
co.  Mass. 

MIDDLE  HADDAM,  v.  Middlesex  co.  Ct. 
on  E.  side  of  the  Connecticut,  in  the  township 
of  East  Haddam. 

MIDDLE  HERO,  t.  Grand  Isle  co.  Vt.  on 
an  island  in  Lake  Champlain,  22  m.  NNW. 
from  Burlington, 

MIDDLE  HOOK,  v.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  on 
N.  bank  of  the  Raritan,  8  m.  NNW.  from  New 
Brunswick. 

MIDDLE  ISLAND  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio, 

MIDDLE  LISTER,  small  island  in  Lake 
Erie,  lying  NW.  from  the  Bass  islands.  It  is 
one  of  the  three  called  Middle,  East,  and  West 
Lister,  though  bearing  from  each  other  NE. 
and  SW. 

MIDDLEPORT,  v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 

MIDDLE  POINT,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Labrador.  Lon.  63°  W. ;  lat  59°  N. 

MIDDLE  RIVER,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into 
the  Chesapeake,  SW.  of  Gunpowder  river. 

MIDDLESEX,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt  on 
Union  river,  5  m.  NW.  from  Montpelier.  Pop. 
1,156. 

MIDDLESEX,  co.  Mass,  bounded  N.  by 
Hillsborough  co.  in  N.  H.,  NE.  by  Essex  co. 
in  Mass.  SE.  by  Suffolk,  Norfolk,  and  Boston 
harbor,  and  SW.  and  W.  by  Worcester ;  length 
40  in,  mean  width  20.  Chief  towns,  Cam 


bridge  and  Charlestown.  Pop.  in  1820,  61,476 ; 
in  1830,  77,968. 

MIDDLESEX  CANAL,  Mass,  is  wholly 
within  the  county  of  Middlesex,  and  connects 
Boston  harbor  with  Merrimack  river.  See 
page  55. 

MIDDLESEX,  co.  Ct.  bounded  by  Long 
Island  Sound  SE.  by  New  Haven  SW.  Hart 
ford  NW.  and  N.  and  New  London  E.  Length 
28  m.  mean  width  12.  Connecticut  river  in 
tersects  it,  and  separates  it  into  two  sections. 
Chief  town,  Middletown.  Pop.  in  1820, 22,408 ; 
in  1830,  24,845. 

MIDDLESEX,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  E.  by  Sta- 
ten  Island  Kills  and  Raritan  Bay,  SE.  by  M on- 
mouth  co.  SW.  by  Huntingdon  and  Burling 
ton,  W.  by  Somerset,  and  N.  by  Essex.  Length 
32  m.  mean  width  11.  Chief  town,  New 
Brunswick.  Pop.  in  1820,  21,470 ;  in  1830 
23,157. 

MIDDLESEX,  co.  Va.  bounded  SE.  by 
Chesapeake  Bay,  SW.  by  Piankatank  river  or 
Gloucester  and  King  and  Queen  cos.  NW.  by 
Essex,  and  NE.  by  Rappahannock  river. 
Length  35  m.  mean  width  6  Chief  town, 
Urbana.  Pop.  in  1820, 4,057 ;  in  1830,  4,122, 
of  whom  2,137  were  slaves. 

MIDDLE  STATES,  that  part  of  the  U.  S. 
lying  between  the  Hudson  and  Potomac  rivers : 
viz.  the  states  of  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  and  Maryland. 

MIDDLETON,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  48  m. 
NE.  from  Concord.  Pop.  562. 

MIDDLETON,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  9  m 
NW.  from  Salem,  28  from  Boston.  Pop.  607. 

MIDDLETON,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  40 
m.  W.  from  Catskill.  Pop.  2,383. 

MIDDLETON,  t.  Norfolk  co.  U  C. 

MIDDLETON,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio,  20 
m.  W.  from  Zanesville. 

MIDDLETOWN,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  52  m. 
N.  from  Bennington.  Pop,  919. 

MIDDLETOWN,  t.  Newport,  R.  I.  2  m. 
NE.  from  Newport,  28  SE.  from  Providence. 
Pop.  915. 

MIDDLETOWN,  city,  port  of  entry,  and 
cap.  of  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  is  pleasantly  situat 
ed  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  river,  31 
m.  from  its  mouth,  14  S.  from  Hartford,  25 
NNE.  from  New  Haven,  325  from  W.  Lon. 
723  54'  W.;  lat.  41°  35'  N.  Pop.  6,892.  It 
is  a  pleasant  and  flourishing  town,  and  has 
considerable  trade  and  manufactures  of  cotton, 
woollen,  swords,  rifles,  &c.  Two  miles  from 
the  city,  there  is  a  lead-mine. 

MIDDLETOWN,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  15 
m.  SE.  from  Delhi,  73  SW.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  2,383. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  in  Brookhaven,  N.  Y. 

MIDDLETOWN,  t.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 
S.  of  Raritan  Bay,  11  m.  NW.  from  Shrews 
bury,  30  SW.  from  N.  York.  It  contains  an 
academy,  and  2  houses  of  public  worship. 
Pop.  5,128. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  10  m. 
E.  from  Brownsville,  and  6  N.  from  Union- 
town. 

MIDDLETOWN,  Sullivan  co.  Ten. 


MID— MIL 


333 


MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
on  a  branch  of  Cross  creek,  12  m.  NW.  from 
Washington. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Newcastle  co.  Del. 
21  m.  SSW.  from  Wilmington. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on 
the  point  above  the  junction  of  Swetara  creek 
with  the  Susquehannah  river,  9  m.  below  Har- 
risburg,  and  27  NW.  from  Lancaster.  It  is 
an  ancient  village,  chiefly  inhabited  by  Ger 
mans. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va.  on 
Cedar  creek,  14  m.  SW.  from  Winchester. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ken.  11 
m.  a  little  N.  from  E.  Louisville. 

MIDDLETOWN,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Miami  river,  6  m.  below  Frank 
lin,  and  14  above  Hamilton. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. 
3  m.  NW.  from  Waterford,  and  14  N.  from 
Albany 

MIDDLETOWN  POINT,  v.  Middletown, 
N.  J.  on  a  small  creek  which  runs  into  Rari- 
tan  Bay,  14  m.  NW.  from  Shrewsbury.  It 
carries  on  some  trade  with  New  York. 

MIDDLETOWN  UPPER  HOUSES,  v. 
Middlesex  co.  Ct.  immediately  adjoining  Mid 
dletown. 

MIDDLEVILLE,  v.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y. 
90  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

MIDDLEWAY,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Va.  85  m. 
NW.  from  W. 

MIDLAND,  district,  U.  C.  extends  from 
Lake  Ontario,  between  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Quinte  and  the  mouth  of  Ganonoque  river, 
back  to  the  river  Ottawa. 

MIDWAY,  settlement,  Liberty  co.  Geo.  30 
m-  S.  from  Savannah,  9  W.  from  Sunbury. 
Its  first  settlers  were  from  Dorchester,  Mass. 
Here  is  a  handsome  Congregational  church. 

MIFFLIN,  co.  Pa.  bounded  by  Perry  SE. 
Huntingdon  SW.  and  W.  Centre  NW.  and 
Union  NE.  Length  39  m.  width  21.  Chief 
town,  Lewistown.  Pop.  in  1820,  16,818;  in 
1830,  21,529. 

MIFFLIN,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

MIFFLIN,  the  westernmost  t.  of  Pike  co. 
Ohio. 

MIHAUATLAN,  t.  Mexico,  108  leagues 
SE.  from  Mexico.  Lon.  275°  15'  W.;  lat.  18° 
35' N. 

MILAN,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 

MILAN,  v.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  123  m.  N.  from 
Columbus. 

MILFORD,  t  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on 
the  Sowhegan,  2  m.  SW.  from  Amherst,  48 
NW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,303.  It  is  a  pleas 
ant  town,  and  contains  2  cotton  manufactories, 
and  2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Congre- 
gationalists,  and  1  for  Baptists. 

MILFORD,  t.  Kent  co.  Del.  on  the  N.  side 
of  Mispillion  creek,  which  falls  into  Delaware 
Bay,  12  m.  below,  19  m.  S.  by  E.  from  Dover, 
95  S.  from  Philadelphia. 

MILFORD,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  NW. 
from  Hamilton.  Pop.  1,808. 

MILFORD,  t.  and  cap.  Pike  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Delaware,  120  m.  above  Philadelphia.  The 
river  here  forms  a  good  harbor  for  boats. 


MILFORD,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  on  Long 
Island  Sound,  9  m.  SW.  from  New  Haven. 
Pop.  2,256.  The  village  contains  about  100 
houses  and  3  churches.  The  harbor  has  suf 
ficient  depth  of  water  for  vessels  of  200  tons. 
The  amount  of  shipping  owned  here  is  about 
1,500  tons.  In  this  town  is  a  very  valuable 
quarry  of  marble. 

MILFORD,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S. 
from  Cooperstown,  76  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
3,025. 

MILFORD,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18  m 
SE.  from  Worcester.  Pop.  1,380. 

MILFORD,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  34  m. 
NW.  from  Trenton. 

MILFORD  CENTRE,  v.  Worcester  co. 
Mass.  24  m.  SW.  from  Boston. 

MILLBOROUGH,  v.  Washington  co.  Pa. 

MILLBOROUGH,  v.  Bath  co.  Va.  172  nv. 
NW.  by  W.  from  Richmond. 

MILLBOROUGH,  v.  Sussex  co.  Va.  about 
30  m.  SE.  from  Petersburg. 

MILLBURY,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  6  m. 
S.  from  Worcester.  It  contains  a  woollen 
manufactory,  a  saw-mill,  and  an  iron  manu 
factory,  a  rolling  and  slitting-mill,  a  nail  man 
ufactory,  several  scythe-shops,  a  gun  manu 
factory,  employing  40  or  50  workmen,  exten 
sive  tanneries,  a  paper-mill,  oil-mills,  and  other 
valuable  mills.  Pop.  1,611. 

MILL  CREEK,  t.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
587. 

MILL  CREEK,  v.  Berkeley  co.  Va.  93  m. 
NW.  from  W. 

MILL  CREEK,  large  and  valuable  mill- 
stream,  rising  in  the  northern  part  of  Logan 
co.  Ohio,  and  running  from  thence  in  an  E.  by 
S.  direction  into  the  W.  side  of  the  Scioto  river 
6  m.  below  Fulton's  creek,  Delaware  co. 

MILL  CREEK,  large  mill-stream,  Butler 
and  Hamilton  cos.  Ohio,  running  S.  by  W, 
into  the  Ohio  river,  immediately  below  Cin 
cinnati. 

MILLEDGEVILLE,  t.  Baldwin  co.  Geo. 
and  capital  of  the  state,  is  situated  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Oconee,  300  m.  by  the  curves  of 
the  river,  from  the  sea.  Though  in  the  upper 
country,  it  is  near  the  borders  of  the  low  coun 
try.  Its  situation  is  elevated  and  pleasant,  and 
central  to  a  fertile  and  populous  country.  It 
contains  a  state-house,  an  arsenal,  academy, 
court-house,  jail,  state  penitentiary,  2  printing- 
offices,  and  2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for 
Baptists  and  1  for  Methodists.  The  state-house, 
arsenal,  and  penitentiary,  are  all  large  and  con 
spicuous  buildings.  It  is  87  m.  SW.  from  Au 
gusta,  170  NW.  from  Savannah,  and  642  from 
W.  Pop.  1,599. 

MILLER,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  584. 

MILLER,  co.  Arkansas  Ter.     Pop.  358. 

MILLERSBURG,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Susquehannah. 

MILLERSBURG,  t.  Bourbon  co.  Ken.  8  m. 
N.  from  Paris,  28  N.  from  Lexington.  Pop. 
470. 

MILLER'S  FERRY,  v.  Randolph  co.  II. 

MILLER'S  RIVER,  r.  Mass,  which  rises 
in  a  pond  in  Rindge,  N.  H.  and  after  a  SW. 
course  of  35  miles,  enters  Connecticut  river  at 


334 


MIL— MIS 


Northfield.  A  few  miles  from  its  mouth  it  has 
falls,  where  the  whole  descent  is  62  feet,  and 
that  at  the  principal  fall  14  feet 

MILLERSTOWN,  t.  Perry  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Juniatta,  134  m.  W.  from  Philadelphia. 

MILLERSTOWN,  t.  Lehigh  co.  Pa.  on  a 
branch  of  Lehigh  river,  26  m.  S  W.  from  Easton, 
47  NW.  from  Philadelphia. 

MILL  FARM,  v.  Caroline  co.  Va. 

MILL  GROVE,  v.  Cabarras  co.  N.  C. 

MILL  HALL,  v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

MILL  HAVEN,  v.  Scriven  co.  Geo. 

MILLSFIELD,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  7  m.  W 
from  Umbagog  Lake.  Pop.  33. 

MILLSTONE,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  on 
Millstone  creek,  a  S.  branch  of  the  Raritan, 
14  m.  N.  from  Princeton. 

MILLVILLE,  v.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  12 
m.  E.  from  Bridgetown.  Pop.  1,561. 

MILLVILLE,  v.  King  George  co.  Va. 

MILLVILLE,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio. 

MILLWOOD,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

MILO,  v.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  145  m.  NE. 
from  Portland. 

MILO,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

MILTON,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt  on  Lake 
Champlain,  13  m.  N.  from  Burlington.  Pop. 
2,100. 

MILTON,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  30  miles 
NNW.  from  Portsmouth,  40  ENE.  from  Con- 
cord.  Pop.  1,273. 

MILTON,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  7  m.  S. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  1,565.  It  is  a  pleasant 
town,  and  contains  an  academy,  several  paper- 
mills,  and  a  chocolate-mill.  It  is  watered  by 
the  Neponset,  which  is  navigable  to  this  town 
for  vessels  of  150  tons.  This  river  separates 
the  town  in  part  from  Dorchester.  The  pros 
pect  from  Milton  hill  is  said  to  be  one  of  the 
finest  in  America. 

MILTON,  or  King's  Ferry,  v.  Cayuga  co. 

MiLTON,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  on 
W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  15  m.  N.  of 
Sunbury. 

MILTON,  v.  Sussex  co.  Del.  situated  on 
Broadkill  creek,  about  7  m.  from  its  mouth, 
and  30  S.  by  E.  from  Dover. 

MILTON,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  30  m.  N. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  3,079.  It  contains  valuable 
mills,  a  woollen  manufactory,  and  5  houses  for 
public  worship. 

MILTON,  t.  Richelieu  co.  L.  Canada,  in  the 
great  bend  of  the  Riviere  a  la  Tortue,  35  m.  E. 
from  Montreal. 

MILTON,  large  v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  5  m. 
W.  of  Litchfield.  In  this  village  there  is  an 
elegant  Gothic  church,  belonging  to  the  Epis 
copalians,  built  after  the  draught  of  Trinity 
church  in  New  York. 

MILTON,  v.  on  Hudson  river,  in  the  SE. 
part  of  Ulster  co.  N.Y.  11  m.  above  Newburgh. 

MILTON,  v.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  68  in.  N.  of 
Trenton. 

MILTON,  v.  Albemarle  co.  Va.  on  the  Ri- 
vanna  river,  5  m.  below  Charlotteville. 

MILTON,  v.  Rockingham  co.  N.  C. 

MILTON,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  546. 


MILTON,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  SW.  of 
Troy.  Pop.  78. 

MILTON,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,156. 

MILTON,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  966. 

MILTON,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  11  m.  NE.  of 
Wooster.  Pop.  843. 

MINDEN,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Mohawk,  25  m.  W.  from  Johnstown,  62  W. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  2,567.  It  contains  three 
Dutch  Reformed  churches. 

MINDEN,  v.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

MINEHEAD,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Connecti 
cut  river,  58  m.  NE.  from  Montpelier. 

MINERAL  FORK,  r.  Miso.  a  branch  of 
Big  river,  which  flows  into  the  Merrimack. 

MINE  RIVER,  r.  Howard  co.  Miso.  which 
flows  into  the  S.  side  of  the  Missouri,  200  m. 
above  its  mouth.  It  is  navigable  40  miles. 

MINERVA,  t  Essex  co.  N.  Y.,  SW.  of 
Elizabethtown.  Pop.  358. 

MINERVA,  t.  Mason  co.  Ken.  13  m.  from 
Washington. 

MINGAN  ISLANDS,  islands  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Labrador,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
30  m.  W.  from  Anticosti.  Lon.  64°  W. ;  lat. 
50°  15'  N. 

MINISINK,  t.  Orange  co.  N.Y.  10  m.  W. 
of  Goshen,  25  W.  of  Newburgh.  Pop.  4,979. 

MINISINK,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Del 
aware,  5  m.  below  Montague,  57  NW.  from 
New  Brunswick. 

MINITOBA,  lake,  Canada,  100  m.  long,  and 
from  10  to  15  wide.  Lon.  100°  20'  W.;  lat 
50°  40'  N. 

MINOT,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  on  the  An- 
droscoggin,  33  m.  N.  of  Portland.  Pop.  2,908. 

MIRAMACHI,  bay  and  river  of  the  E.  coast 
of  New  Brunswick,  60  m.  S.  from  Chaleur  Bay. 
The  river  rises  about  120  m.  inland. 

MISSASSAGA  ISLAND,  U.  C.  lies  oppo 
site  the  mouth  of  the  Trent,  and  about  the 
same  distance  from  the  portage  at  the  head  of 
the  Bay  ofQuinte. 

MISSASSAGA  POINT,  U.  C.  in  the  t.  of 
Newark,  lies  on  the  W.  side  of  the  entrance  of 
the  river  Niagara,  and  opposite  the  fortress  of 
Niagara. 

MISSASSAGA  RIVER,  r.  U.  C.  runs  into 
Lake  Huron,  between  le  Serpent  and  Thessa- 
lon  rivers,  on  the  N.  shore. 

MISSIGUINNIPPI  LAKE,  lake,  Canada, 
100  m.  N.  from  Quebec.  Lon.  71°  30'  W.; 
lat.  48°  3'  N. 

MISSIGUINNIPPI  RIVER,  r  Canada, 
which  runs  into  the  Saguenay.  Lon.  71°  107 
W. ;  lat.  48°  22'  N. 

MISSISQUE,  r.  in  Vt  runs  into  Missisque 
Bay  in  the  NE.  part  of  Lake  Champlain. 

MISSISSIPPI,  one  of  the  U.  States.  See 
page  115. 

MISSISSIPPI,  a  river  of  the  U.  S.  This 
magnificent  stream  has  already  been  the  sub 
ject  of  so  many  minute  descriptions,  that,  to 
^ive  the  reader  a  correct  account  of  it  without 
considerable  repetition,  would  be  scarcely  pos 
sible.  It  rises  in  high  table-land,  in  the  great 
Northwestern  Territory  W.  of  Lake  Superior. 
A  medium  of  the  authorities  respecting  the 


MIS— MIS 


335 


point  of  its  origin,  would  give  it  to  be  in  lat. 
47°  47'  N.  though  in  speaking  of  the  source 
of  large  rivers,  which  are  formed  of  a  great 
number  of  tributaries,  it  is  not  often  possible 
to  say,  precisely,  which  particular  branch  car 
ries  the  most  water,  or  ought  to  be  called  the 
parent  stream.  It  is  1,600  m.  from  its  source 
to  its  junction  with  the  Missouri,  and  1,310 
from  that  junction  to  its  mouth  at  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  making  its  whole  length  2,910  m.  Its 
general  course  is  south.  Its  most  important 
branches,  beginning  at  its  mouth,  are  the 
Red  river,  the  Arkansas,  and  the  Missouri,  on 
the  west,  the  latter  of  which  is,  by  far,  the 
greatest  tributary  which  it  receives.  Its  two 
principal  branches  on  the  east,  are  the  Ohio 
and  the  Illinois.  Ships  rarely  ascend  the  Mis- 
sissippi  higher  than  Natchez,  which  is  322  m. 
by  the  river,  above  New  Orleans,  but  it  is  navi 
gated  by  steam-boats  to  the  Falls  of  St.  An 
thony,  a  distance  of  more  than  2,000  m.  from 
its  mouth.  Down  these  falls,  the  river,  which 
is  here  about  half  a  mile  wide,  precipitates  its 
waters  in  a  perpendicular  descent  of  sixteen 
or  seventeen  feet.  For  a  long  distance  below 
these  falls,  it  is  a  clear,  placid,  and  beautiful 
stream,  with  wide  and  fertile  bottoms.  Its 
medial  current  is  not  more  than  2  m.  an  hour 
from  the  falls  to  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri,  ex 
cept  at  the  rapids,  a  few  miles  below  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Des  Moines,  which  are  about  9  m. 
in  length,  and  are  a  considerable  impediment 
to  the  navigation  during  a  part  of  the  summer. 
Where  it  receives  the  Missouri,  it  is  a  mile 
amd  a  half  wide.  The  Missouri  itself  enters 
with  a  mouth  not  more  than  half  a  mile  wide. 
The  united  stream  below,  has  thence,  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio,  a  medial  width  of  little 
more  than  three  quarters  of  a  mile.  This 
mighty  tributary  seems  rather  to  diminish  than 
increase  its  width ;  but  it  perceptibly  alters  its 
depth,  its  mass  of  waters,  and,  what  is  to  be 
regretted,  wholly  changes  its  character.  It  is 
no  longer  the  gentle,  placid  stream,  with 
smooth  shores  and  clean  sand-bars ;  but  has  a 
furious  and  boiling  current,  a  turbid  and  dan 
gerous  mass  of  sweeping  waters,  jagged  and 
dilapidated  shores,  and,  wherever  its  waters 
have  receded,  deposits  of  mud.  Below  the 
Missouri  its  rapidity  should  be  rated  consider 
ably  higher  than  has  been  commonly  done.  Its 
medial  rate  of  advance  is  perhaps  four  miles 
an  hour.  The  bosom  of  the  river  is  covered 
with  prodigious  boils,  or  swells,  that  rise  with  a 
whirling  motion,  and  a  convex  surface,  two  or 
three  rods  in  diameter,  and  no  inconsiderable 
noise,  whirling  a  boat  perceptibly  from  its 
track.  In  its  course,  accidental  circumstances 
shift  the  impetus  of  its  current,  and  propel  it 
upon  the  point  of  an  island,  bend,  or  sand-bar. 
In  these  instances,  it  tears  up  the  islands,  re 
moves  the  sand-bars,  and  sweeps  away  the 
tender  alluvial  soil  of  the  bends,  with  all  their 
trees,  and  deposits  the  Bpoils  in  another  place. 
At  the  season  of  high  waters,  nothing  is  more 
familiar  to  the  ear  of  the  people  on  the  river, 
than  the  deep  crash  of  a  land-slip,  in  which 
larger  or  smaller  masses  of  the  soil  on  the 
banks,  with  all  the  trees,  are  plunged  into  the 


stream.  The  circumstances  that  change  the 
aspect  and  current  of  the  river,  are  denomi 
nated,  in  the  vocabulary  of  the  watermen, 
chutes,  races,  chains,  sawyers,  planters,  points 
of  islands,  wreck -heaps,  and  cypress-bends.  It 
occurs  more  than  once,  that  in  moving  round 
a  curve  of  twenty-five  or  thirty  miles,  you  will 
return  so  near  the  point  whence  you  started, 
that  you  can  return  back  to  that  point,  by  land, 
in  less  than  a  mile.  There  are,  at  present, 
bends  of  this  sort  on  the  Missouri  and  the  Mis 
sissippi,  particularly  at  Tunica  bend,  where 
you  move  round  a  curve  of  thirty  miles,  and 
come  back  to  the  point,  where  you  see  through 
the  trees,  and  at  the  distance  of  three  quarters 
of  a  mile,  the  point  whence  you  departed.  The 
divinity  most  frequently  invoked  by  boatmen, 
seems  to  have  imparted  his  name  oftener  than 
any  other  to  the  dangerous  places  along  the 
river.  The  "devil's"  race-paths,  tea-table, 
oven,  &c.  are  places  of  difficult  or  hazardous 
navigation,  that  frequently  occur.  They  are 
serious  impediments  to  the  navigation  of  this 
noble  stream.  Such  is  its  character  from  Mis 
souri  to  the  Balize ;  a  wild,  furious,  whirling 
river — never  navigated  safely,  except  with 
great  caution.  On  the  immense  wreck-heaps, 
where  masses  of  logs,  like  considerable  hills, 
are  piled  together,  the  numerous  wrecks  of 
boats,  lying  on  their  sides  and  summits,  suf 
ficiently  attest  the  character  of  the  river,  and 
remain  standing  mementoes  to  caution.  Boats 
propelled  by  steam-power,  which  can  be  chang 
ed  in  a  moment,  to  reverse  the  impulse  and 
direction  of  the  boat,  are  exactly  calculated  to 
obviate  the  dangers  of  this  river.  No  person 
who  descends  this  river  for  the  first  time,  re 
ceives  clear  and  adequate  ideas  of  its  grandeur, 
and  the  amount  of  water  which  its  carries.  If 
it  be  in  the  spring,  when  the  river  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio  is  generally  over  its  banks, 
although  the  sheet  of  water  that  is  making  its 
way  to  the  gulf  is,  perhaps,  thirty  miles  wide, 
yet  finding  its  way  through  deep  forests  and 
swamps  that  conceal  all  from  the  eye,  no  ex 
panse  of  water  is  seen,  but  the  width  that  is 
curved  out  between  the  outline  of  woods  on 
either  bank ;  and  it  seldom  exceeds,  and  oftener 
falls  short  of  a  mile.  But  when  he  sees,  in 
descending  from  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  that 
it  swallows  up  one  river  after  another,  with 
mouths  as  wide  as  itself,  without  affecting  its 
width  at  all;  when  he  sees  it  receiving  in 
succession  the  mighty  Missouri,  the  broad 
Ohio,  St.  Francis,  White,  Arkansas,  and  Red 
rivers,  all  of  them  of  great  depth,  length,  and 
volume  of  water ;  when  he  sees  this  mighty 
river  absorbing  them  all,  and  retaining  a  vol 
ume  apparently  unchanged — he  begins  to  esti 
mate  rightly  the  increased  depths  of  current, 
that  must  roll  on  in  its  deep  channel  to  the 
sea.  From  the  sources  of  the  river  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Missouri,  the  annual  flood  ordi 
narily  commences  in  March,  and  does  not 
subside  until  the  last  of  May ;  and  its  medial 
height  is  fifteen  feet.  At  the  lowest  stages, 
four  feet  of  water  may  be  found  from  the 
Rapids  of  Des  Moines  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Missouri.  Between  that  point  and  the  mouth 


3S6  Mis- 

of  the  Ohio,  there  are  six  feet  in  the  channel 
of  the  shallowest  places  at  low-water,  and  the 
annual  inundation  may  be  estimated  at  twenb 
five  feet.  Between  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  anc 
the  St.  Francis,  there  are  various  shoal  places 
where  pilots  are  often  perplexed  to  find  a  suf 
ficient  depth  of  water,  when  the  river  is  low 
Below  that  point,  there  is  no  difficulty  for  ves 
sels  of  any  draught,  except  to  find  the  righ 
channel.  Below  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  th< 
medial  flood  is  fifty  feet;  the  highest,  sixty 
Above  Natchez,  the  flood  begins  to  decline 
At  Baton  Rouge,  it  seldom  exceeds  thirty  feet 
and  at  New  Orleans,  twelve.  Some  have  sup 
posed  this  gradual  diminution  of  the  flood  to 
result  from  the  draining  of  the  numerous 
effluxes  of  the  river,  that  convey  away  such 
considerable  portions  of  its  waters,  by  separate 
channels  to  the  sea.  To  this  should  be  added 
no  doubt,  the  check  which  the  river  at  this 
distance  begins  to  feel  from  the  reaction  of  the 
sea,  where  this  mighty  mass  of  descending 
waters  finds  its  level.  The  navigation  upon 
this  river  is  very  great.  The  number  of  steam 
boats  upon  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries 
is  abont  300.  Their  size  is  from  540  tons 
downward.  The  passage  from  Cincinnati  to 
New  Orleans  and  back,  has  been  made  in  19 
days.  From  New  Orleans  to  Louisville  the 
shortest  passage  has  been  8  days  and  2  hours, 
the  distance  being  1,650m.  and  against  the 
current.  The  steam-boats  have  generally 
high-pressure  power,  and  many  fatal  explo 
sions  have  happened  upon  these  waters.  The 
first  steam-vessel  here  was  built  in  18 10.  New 
Orleans  is  the  out-port  of  this  river,  and  the 
largest  city  on  its  banks.  Its  waters  pass  into 
the  Gulf  by  several  channels  which  intersect 
a  flat  marshy  tract.  The  main  entrance  is  at 
the  Balize. 

MISSISSIPPI,  t.  Phillips  co.    Arkansas 
Territory. 

MISSOURI,  one  of  the  U.  S.  See  p.  146 
MISSOURI,  the  longest  river  in  N.  Ameri 
ca,  is  formed  of  three  principal  branches,  the 
Jefferson,  Madison,  and  Gallatin,  which  rise 
among  the  Rocky  Mountains,  between  42° 
and  48°  N.  lat.  and  unite  at  one  place  in  lat. 
45°  10'  N.  and  Ion.  110°  W.  From  this  con 
fluence,  its  course  is  northerly  about  250  m. 
to  the  Great  Falls;  thence  easterly  to  the  Man- 
dan  villages;  thence  it  runs,  first  S.  and  then 
SE.  to  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi,  in  Ion. 
90°  W.  and  lat.  38°  51'  N.  Its  whole  length, 
from  its  source  to  the  Mississippi,  is  3,217  m. 
Although  it  loses  its  name  at  its  confluence 
with  the  latter,  it  is  much  the  longer  stream 
of  the  two,  but  the  Mississippi  having  been 
first  discovered  and  explored,  it  has  retained 
its  name  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  This  error 
being  now  past  remedy,  the  Missouri  must  be 
considered  as  a  tributary  of  the  Mississippi. 
If  we  add  to  the  Missouri  the  length  of  the 
Mississippi  below  their  confluence,  we  have  a 
river  4,490  m.  in  length,  which  exceeds  by 
nearly  1,000  m.  any  other  river  on  the  globe. 
During  this  whole  distance  there  is  no  cataract 
or  considerable  impediment  to  the  navigation, 
except  at  the  Great  Falls,  which  are  2,575 


-MOB 

|m.  fron  the  Mississippi.  At  these  falls,  the 
river  descends,  in  the  distance  of  18  m.  362  ft. 
The  first  great  pitch  in  ascending  the  river  is 
98  feet;  the  second,  19;  the  third,  47;  and 
the  fourth,  26.  The  width  of  the  river  is  here 
about  350  yards,  and,  from  every  description, 
the  cataracts  are,  next  to  those  of  Niagara,  the 
grandest  in  the  world.  About  100  m.  above 
the  falls,  is  the  place  called  the  Gates  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains.  The  rocks  here  rise  per 
pendicularly  from  the  water's  edge,  to  the 
height  of  nearly  1,200  feet,  through  a  distance 
of  more  than  5  m.  and  the  river  is  compressed 
to  the  width  of  150  yards.  Nothing  can  be 
imagined  more  gloomy  than  the  passage 
through  this  dark  chasm. 

MISSOURI,  t.  Hempstead  co.  Arkansas 
Territory. 

MISSOURI,  t.  Clarke  co.  Arkansas  Terri 
tory. 

MISSOURITON,  t.  Howard  co.  Miso. 

MISTAKEN  POINT,  a  promontory  on  the 
W.  of  Cape  Race,  at  the  SE.  point  of  the  isl 
and  of  Newfoundland. 

MISTASSIN,  Lake,  a  lake  of  New  Britain, 
lying  E.  of  the  S.  part  of  James'  Bay,  and  sur 
rounded  by  mountains  called  the  Great  Mis- 
tassins.  It  is  above  250  m.  in  circuit,  of  a 
very  irregular  shape,  being  much  intersected 
by  long  and  narrow  projections  of  land,  and 
contains  several  islands.  It  is  formed  of  the 
Mistassin  and  other  rivers  from  the  moun 
tains,  and  its  outlet  is  the  river  Rupert. 

MOBILE,  city  and  port  of  entry,  and  cap. 
of  Mobile  co.  Alabama,  is  situated  on  the  west 
ern  channel  of  Mobile  river,  near  its  entrance 
into  Mobile  bay.  It  is  1,033  m.  from  W. 
226  S.  from  Tuscaloosa,  33  N.  from  Mobile 
point,  15  WNW.  from  Blakely,  50  WNW. 
from  Pensacola,  40  by  water  below  Fort  Stod- 
dart.  Lat.  30°  40'  N.  Pop.  3,194.  Mobile 
is  the  only  town  of  any  great  importance  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  state.  It  is  situated  con 
siderably  above  the  overflow  of  the  river,  in  a 
dry  and  pleasant  situation.  Access  to  it  is  ren 
dered  somewhat  difficult  to  vessels  by  a  swampy 
island  opposite  the  town.  But  when  once  they 
have  entered,  they  are  perfectly  secure  from 
winds,  storms,  and  enemies ;  and  can  come 
directly  to  the  town.  It  has  swampy  lands  and 
stagnant  waters  back  of  it,  and  near  it  a 
sterile  country  of  pine  woods.  From  these 
causes,  though  it  had  been  one  of  the  earliest 
settled  towns  in  the  country,  it  never  became, 
under  the  Spanish  and  French  regime,  more 
;han  a  military  post.  Under  the  government 
of  the  United  States,  it  has  received  a  new  im 
pulse  of  prosperity.  But  a  few  years  since, 
"ittle  cotton  was  raised  in  the  whole  country 
connected  with  Mobile ;  and  none  was  export 
ed  directly  from  this  place.  It  is  now  a  great 
shipping  port  for  cotton ;  and  a  large  number 
of  square-rigged  vessels  take  their  freight  from 
his  city.  There  is  no  other  port,  perhaps,  in 
;he  United  States,  of  the  same  size,  that  has  so 
arge  an  amount  of  export.  After  New  Or- 
eans  and  Charleston,  it  is  the  largest  cotton 
K»rt  in  the  country.  It  is  enlivened,  too,  by 
the  coming  and  departing  of  many  steam- 


boats,  that  ply  on  the  noble  river  above  the 
city.  In  addition  to  the  great  number  of  packet- 
schooners  that  sail  between  this  place  and 
New  Orleans,  some  by  the  lake,  and  some  by 
the  Mississippi,  there  is  now  a  steam-boat  com 
munication  between  the  two  cities,  by  the  way 
of  lake  Ponchartrain.  Of  course,  except  du 
ring  the  sickly  months,  it  is  a  place  of  great 
activity  and  business.  The  public  buildings 
are  a  court-house  and  a  jail,  four  churches,  one 
for  Roman  Catholics,  one  for  Episcopalians, 
one  for  Presbyterians,  and  one  for  Methodists. 
A  Roman  Catholic  college  is  erecting  at  Spring 


Hill,  six  miles  from  the  city. 
1831,  110,000  bags  of  cotton. 


It  exported,  in 
It  has  the  dis 


advantage  of  a  shallow  harbor,  which  is  more 
over  growing  shallower  by  the  sand  deposited 
by  the  rivers.  The  most  fatal  impediment  to 
the  advancement  of  this  town  is  its  acknow 
ledged  character  for  sickness. 

MOBILE,  r.  Alabama,  is  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  Alabama  and  Tombigbee,  40  m. 
above  Mobile.  After  a  course  of  3  m.  it  di 
vides  and  enters  Mobile  bay  in  several  chan 
nels.  The  main  western  channel  is  called  the 
Mobile ;  the  main  eastern  channel  is  the  deep 
est  and  widest,  and  is  called  the  Tensaw.  The 
eastern  channel  passes  by  Blakely. 

MOBILE,  co.  Al.  bounded  by  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  S.  Mississippi  W.  Baldwin  and  Mon 
roe  cos.  in  Al.  N.  and  West  Florida  E.  Length 
58  m.  mean  width  45.  Chief  towns,  Mobile 


and  Blakely. 
3,071. 


Pop.  in  1820,  2,672 ;  in  1830, 


MOBILE  BAY,  a  bay  at  the  mouth  of  Mo 
bile  river,  30  m.  long,  and,  on  an  average,  12 
broad.  It  communicates  with  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  by  two  straits,  one  on  each  side  of 
Dauphin  island.  The  strait  on  the  W.  side 
will  not  admit  the  passage  of  vessels  drawing 
more  than  five  feet  of  water  ;  that  on  the  E. 
side,  between  the  island  and  Mobile  point,  has 
18  feet  of  water,  and  the  channel  passes  with 
in  a  few  yards  of  the  point.  There  is  a  bar 
however  across  the  bay,  near  its  upper  end, 
over  which  there  is  only  11  feet  water. 

MOBILE  POINT,  is  a  long,  low,  sandy, 
and  narrow  peninsula,  which  bounds  Mobile 
bay  on  the  S.  extending  from  the  bay  of  Bon 
Secours,  the  south-eastern  extremity  of  the  for 
mer,  towards  Dauphin  island,  to  which  it  ap 
proaches  within  3  m.  This  point  has  been 
rendered  remarkable,  by  the  erection  of  a  mili 
tary  post  on  its  extreme  W.  extension,  called 
Fort  Bowyer.  This  fort  was  attacked  Sept.  15th, 
1814,  by  a  British  squadron,  consisting  of  two 
vessels  of  28  guns  each,  and  one  of  18  guns, 
with  a  land  force  of  200  Indians,  and  110  ma 
rines.  The  British  were  repulsed,  with  the 
loss  of  the  Hermes,  and  about  100  men  killed 
and  wounded.  After  their  defeat  at,  and  re 
treat  from  New  Orleans,  the  British  attacked 
and  took  Fort  Bowyer,  on  the  15th  of  Feb.  1815. 

MOBILE  ISLAND,  isl.  formed  by  the  di 
vided  stream  of  the  river  Mobile,  about  26  m. 
long,  and  5  wide.  Lon.  87°  55'  W. ;  lat.  31°  N. 

MOBJACK,  bay,  Va.  which  sets  up  from 
Chesapeake  bay,  N.  of  the  mouth  of  York  r. 

MOCKSVILLE,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 

ss 


MOB—  MON  337 

MODERS,  t.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y. 

MODESTTOWN,  v.  Accomack  co.  Va. 

MOFFIT'S  STORE,  v.  Columbia  co.N  Y 

MOHAWK,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs  W.  into 
the  Connecticut,  in  Colebrook. 

MOHAWK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  rises  about  20 
m.  N.  from  Rome.  It  flows  into  the  Hudson 
by  3  mouths  between  Waterford  and  Troy.  Its 
length  from  Rome  to  the  Hudson  is  about  117 
m.  It  is  connected  with  Wood  creekr  by  a 
canal  1£  miles  long.  There  are  also  canals  at 
German  Flats  and  Herkirner.  A  boat  naviga 
tion  has  been  opened  for  several  years  from 
Schenectady  through  the  Mohawk,  Wood 
creek,  Oneida  lake,  and  Oswego  river,  to  the 
Lake  Ontario.  This  river,  about  2  m.  west  of 
the  Hudson,  has  remarkable  falls,  called  Ca- 
hoes,  or  Cohoes.  The  river  just  above  the  falls, 
is  between  300  and  400  feet  wide,  and  de 
scends  at  high  water  in  one  sheet  near  70  feet. 
About  f  m.  below,  a  bridge  is  erected  across 
the  river,  from  which  there  is  a  most  sublime 
and  beautiful  view  of  the  cataract. 

MOHAWK,  r.  in  Del.  co.  N.  Y.  which  unites 
with  the  Popachton  and  forms  the  Delaware. 

MOHAWK,  v.  on  the  Grand  River,  or 
Ouse,  U.  C.  is  the  principal  village  of  the  Six 
Nations.  This  is  the  residence  of  their  prin 
cipal  chief.  The  village  is  beautifully  situated. 
has  a  neat  church  with  a  steeple,  a  school- 
house,  and  a  council-house  ;  and  not  far  from 
it  is  a  grist  and  sawmill. 

MOHAWKS,  t.  Hastings  co.U.C.on  Lake 
Ontario. 

MOHAWK  BAY,  in  Fredericksburg,  U.  C. 
bay  of  Quinte,  lies  opposite  to  the  Mohawk 
settlement,  and  close  to  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Appannee. 

MOHAWK  SETTLEMENT,  bay  of 
Quinte,  U.  C.  is  W.  of  Richmond,  and  com 
prehended  between  the  river  Shannon  and 
Bowen's  Creek. 

MOHEGAN,  v.  of  U.  C.  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Thames,  5  m.  below  Norwich.  Here 
reside  the  remnant  of  the  Mohegans. 

MOHEGAN,  Indian  v.  New  London  co. 
Ct.  on  W.  side  of  the  Thames,  4  m.  S.  from 
Norwich.  Here  are  the  remains  of  the  Mo- 


r.  Ohio,  N.  branch  of  the 
t.  Wayne   co.  Ohio.    Pop. 


hegan  tribe. 

MOHICCON, 
Muskingum. 

MOHICCON, 
1,316. 

MOHICCONS,  Indians,  inhabiting  between 
the  rivers  Scioto  and  Muskingum. 

MOIRA,  r.  U.  C.  which  falls  into  the  bay 
of  Quinte,  in  Lake  Ontario. 

MOIRA,  t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  791 . 

MOLE,  The,  a  port  in  the  NW.  part  of  the 
island  of  St.  Domingo,  2  leagues  E.  of  Cape 
St.  Nicholas.  Though  inferior  to  Cape  Francois 
and  Port  au  Prince,  it  is  the  first  port  in  the 
island  for  safety  in  time  of  war,  being  strongly 
fortified  both  by  nature  and  art.  It  is  14  m.  S. 
by  W.  from  Jean  Rabel,  69  W.  from  Capo 
Francois.  Lon.  73°  26'  W. ;  lat.  19°  51'  N. 

MOMAPANE  LAKE,  lake,  Canada,  160  m 
N.  from  Quebec.  Lon.  71°  W. ;  lat.  49°  40'  N. 

MONA  and  MQNITA,  i.  e.   The  Monhy 


338 


flION— MON 


and  his  Cub,  2  islands  of  the  West  Indies,  in 
the  middle  of  the  great  passage  between  His- 
paniola  and  Porto  Rico. 

MONACASY,  r.  Md.  which  runs  S.  into 
the  Potomac,  50  in.  above  Georgetown. 

MONACKS,  v.  Monroe  co.  Al. 

MONADNOCK,  a  lofty  mountain  in  the 
SW.  corner  of  N.  H.  between  Jaffrey  and 
Dublin.  Its  base  is  5  m.  from  N.  to  S.  and  3 
from  E.  to  W.  and  its  height  is  3,254  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  may  be  seen  at  the 
distance  of  60  m.  in  almost  every  direction. 

MONADNOCK,  mt.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Vt. 

MONISTIC,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  into 
Lake  Michigan. 

MONITOU,  two  islands  in  Lake  Michigan. 
Lon.  85°  35'  W. ;  lat.  44°  55'  N. 

MONKEY  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  Curri- 
tuck  Sound,  near  the  coast  of  North  Carolina. 
Lon.  76°  4'  W,;  lat.  36°  22'  N. 

MONKTON,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  23  m.  S. 
from  Burlington.  Pop.  1,384.  Here  are  found 
vast  quantities  of  porcelain  earth,  from  which 
attempts  have  been  made  to  manufacture  por 
celain,  but  without  success. 

MONMOUTH,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  17 
m.  WSW.  from  Augusta,  156  NNE.  from  Bos 
ton.  Pop.  1,882.  Here  is  an  academy. 

MONMOUTH,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  NW.  by 
Middlesex  co.  N.  by  Raritan  bay,  E.  by  the 
Atlantic,  and  SW.  by  Burlington  co.  Pop. 
29,233.  Chief  town,  Freehold. 

MONMOUTH,  v.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  63  m 
ENE.  from  Philadelphia.  The  British  troops 
under  Gen.  Clinton  were  defeated  here  on  the 
17th  of  June  1777,  by  the  Americans  under 
Gen.  Washington. 

MONODY  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  joins  the 
Swetara,  12  m.  W.  from  Lebanon. 

MONOKA,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the  Chesapeake 
Lon.  76°  53'  W. ;  lat.  38°  10'  N. 

MONOMIES  CASTLE,  fort,  NW.  Terri 
tory,  on  the  Winebago  river.  Lon.  87°  34' 
W.;  !at44°18'N. 

MONOMIES  RIVER,  r.  NW.  Territory, 
which  gives  name  to  a  tribe  of  Indians,  and 
which  runs  into  Green  Bay.  Lon.  87°  21' 
W. ;  lat.  44°  46'  N. 

MONOMONIL,  t.  NW.  Territory,  on  W 
side  of  Green  Bay.  Lon.  87°  28'  W.;  lat. 
44°  32'  N. 

MONONGAHELA,  r.  which  rises  from  the 
Laurel  mountains  in  Va.  runs  N.  into  Pa.  and 
unites  with  the  Alleghany  at  Pittsburg,  to  form 
the  Ohio.  It  is  navigable  for  light  steam-boats 
to  Brownsville,  Pa.  and  bateaux  and  barges 
ascend  as  far  as  Morgantown  in  Va.  Length 
nearly  300  miles. 

MONONGALIA,  co.  NW.  part  of  Virginia, 
bounded  N.  by  Pennsylvania,  E.  by  Maryland, 
S.  by  Randolph  co.  W.  by  Harrison  co.  and 
NW.  by  Ohio  co.  Pop.  14,056,  of  whom  362 
are  slaves.  Chief  town,  Morgantown. 

MONROE,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.     Pop.  108. 

MONROE,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  19  m.  S. 
from  Newburgh,  50  N.  front  New  York.  Pop. 
3,671.  It  contains  2  churches,  1  for  Quakers, 
and  1  for  Presbyterians.  Here  are  extensive 
iron  works. 


MONROE,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Lake 
Ontario,  E.  by  Ontario  co.  S.  by  Livingston 
co.  W.  by  Genesee  co.  Pop.  49,862.  Chief 
;own,  Rochester. 

MONROE,  co.  Al.  on  the  river  Alabama. 
Pop.  8,781.  Chief  town,  Claiborne. 

MONROE,  co.  E.  part  of  Mis.  Pop.  3,853. 
Chief  town,  Hamilton. 

MONROE,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  84  m.  N. 
from  Trenton. 

MONROE,  v.  Bradford  co.  Pa.  190  m.  N. 
from  Harrisburg. 

MONROE,  co.  Va.  bounded  SE.  by  Bpte- 
tourt  and  Giles,  SW.  by  Kenhawa  r.  or  Giles, 
NW.  by  Greenbrier,  N.  by  Nicholas,  and  NE 
by  Bath  and  Botetourt.  Length  35  m.  mean 
width  13.  Pop.  in  1820,  6,620  ;  in  1830,  7,798. 
Chief  town,  Uniontown. 

MONROE,  v.  Warren  co.  N.C.  70  m.  SE. 
from  Raleigh. 

MONROE,  v.  Walton  co.  Geo.  66  m.  NNW. 
from  Milledgeville.  Lat.  33°  46'  N. 

MONROE,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  E.  by  Ohio 
river,  S.  by  Washington,  W.  by  Morgan,  NW, 
by  Guernsey,  and  N.  by  Belmont.  Length  38 
m.  breadth  18.  Pop.  in  1820,  4,641 ;  in  1830, 
8,770.  Chief  town,  Woodsfield. 

MONROE,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Lawrence  S- 
Martin  W.  Delaware  NE.  and  Jackson  E. 
Length  24  m.  breadth  18.  Pop.  6,578.  Chief 
town,  Bloomington. 

MONROE,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Ten.  S.  by 
Allen  co.  Ken.  W.  Barren  N.  Adair  NE.  and 
Cumberland  E.  It  occupies  the  dividing 
ground  between  Cumberland  and  Big  Barren 
rivers.  Length  28  m.  breadth  25.  Chief 
town,  Tompkinsville. 

MONROE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Overton 
co.  Ten.  on  a  small  branch  of  Obies  river,  100 
m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Nashville.  Lat.  36°  25' 
N.;  Ion.  from  W.  8°  11' W. 

MONROE,  co.  E.  Ten.  bounded  by  N.Car 
olina  E.  the  Cherokee  lands  S.  M'Minn  W. 
and  Tennessee  river,  or  Blount  and  Sevier  N. 
Chief  town,  Madisonville. 

MONROE,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  807. 

MONROE,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  NE. 
from  Jefferson.  Pop.  862. 

MONROE,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  NE. 
from  Hamilton.  Pop.  119. 

MONROE,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  NE. 
from  Cambridge.  Pop.  615 

MONROE,  v.  Highland  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  24. 

MONROE,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,054. 

MONROE,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  308 

MONROE,  tMuskingum  co.Ohio.  Pop. 486. 

MONROE,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,076. 

MONROE,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  696. 

MONROE,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,070. 

MONROE,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  W. 
from  Circleville.  Pop.  767. 

MONROE,  co.  in  the  S.  part  of  In.  Pop. 
6,578.  Chief  town,  Bloomington. 

MONROE,  co.  II.  on  the  Mississippi.  Pop. 
2,119.  Chief  town,  Waterloo. 

MONROE,  t.  II.  on  the  first  high  ground 
above  the  junction  of  the  Illinois  with  the  Mis 
sissippi,  28  m.  above  St.  Louis,  and  10  from 
St.  Charles,  on  the  Missouri. 


MON—MON 


339 


MONROE,  co.  Michigan  Territory.  Pop. 
3,187.  Chief  town,  Monroe. 

MONROE,  t.  and  cap.  Monroe  co.  Michigan 
Territory,  on  the  river  Raisin,  35  m.  S.  from 
Detroit. 

MONROE,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Missouri. 

MONROE,  t.  Hempstead  co.  Arkansas. 

MONSON,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass,  on  the  line 
of  Connecticut,  17  m.  E.  from  Springfield,  72 
WSW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  2,264.  It  contains 
2  churches,  1  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for 
Baptists ;  a  flourishing  academy,  with  which 
is  connected  a  large  boarding-house.  Here  are 
also  manufactories  of  cotton  and  wool. 

MONTAGUE,  t.  Greenville  co.  U.  C. 

MONTAGUE,  t  Franklin  co.  Mass,  on  the 
E.  side  of  Connecticut  river,  opposite  Green 
field,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge. 
It  is  18  m.  N.  from  Northampton,  and  90  W. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  1,151. 

MONTAGUE,  v.  Essex  co.  Va. 

MONTAGUE,  Cape,  cape  in  Hudson's  Bay. 
Lon.  883  W. ;  lat  66°  N. 

MONTAGUE  ISLAND,  id.  near  the  NW. 
coast  of  America,  at  the  W.  side  of  the  en 
trance  into  Prince  William's  Sound.  Lon.  147° 
to  148°  W. ;  lat.  59°  50'  to  60°  30'  N. 

MONTAUK  POINT,  E.  end  of  Long 
Island,  in  Southampton.  The  light-house  is 
at  Ion.  from  W.  5°  6'  E. ;  lat.  41°  4'  N. 

MONTEZUMA,  v.  in  Mentz,  N.  Y.  12  m. 
N.  from  Auburn.  Here  is  an  extensive  man 
ufactory  of  salt. 

MONTGOMERY,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  40  m. 
NE.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  460. 

MONTGOMERY,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  12 
m.  NW.  from  Springfield.  Pop.  579. 

MONTGOMERY,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  by 
Schenectady  SE.  Schoharie  S.  Otsego  SW. 
Herkiraer  W.  Hamilton  N.  Saratoga  E.  The 
surface  is  pleasantly  diversified,  and  the  soil 
generally  good.  Pop.  in  1820,  37,569  ;  in  1830, 
43,595.  Chief  town,  Johnstown. 

MONTGOMERY,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  12 
m.  W.  from  Newburgh,  ION.  from  Goshen,  70 
from  New  York.  Pop.  3,887.  It  contains  an 
academy  and  8  churches. 

MONTGOMERY,  co.  Pa.  bounded  by  Phil 
adelphia  and  Delaware  cos.  SE.  Chester  SW. 
Berks  NW.  Lehigh  N.  and  Bucks  NE. :  length 
30  m.  width  15.  The  surface  of  this  county 
is  delightfully  variegated  by  sloping  hills  and 
fertile  valleys.  The  Schuylkill  washes  its  S. 
border  from  its  extreme  W.  angle  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Perkiomen ;  it  then  enters  the  county, 
and  runs  through  its  S.  corner.  The  Perkio 
men  also  traverses  this  county,  entering  it  at 
the  N.  angle,  and  emptying  it  into  the  Schuyl 
kill,  a  little  above  where  the  latter  enters  the 
county.  The  soil  is  generally  productive,  and 
the  county  is  noted  for  its  quarries  of  fine 
marble.  Pop.  1820,  35,793;  in  1830,  39,404. 
Chief  town,  Norristown. 

MONTGOMERY,  co.  Va,  bounded  by  the 
Blue  Ridge,  or  Franklin  and  Patrick  cos.  SE. 
Grayson  and  Wythe  SW.  Walker's  mountain, 
or  Giles  co.  NW,  and  Botetourt  NE.  Length 
42  m.  mean  width  22£.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,733 ; 
in  1830,  12,304.  Chief  town,  Christiansburg. 


MONTGOMERY,  co.  Md.  bounded  by  Po 
tomac  river,  or  by  Fairfax  and  Loudon  cos 
Va,  SW.  Frederick  co.  Md.  NW.  Patnxent  r. 
or  Ann-Arundel  NE.  and  Prince  George  and 
D.  C,  SE.  Length  28  m.  mean  width  18 
Pop.  in  1820,  16,400 ;  in  1830,  19,816.  Chief 
town,  Rockville. 

MONTGOMERY,  co.  N.  C,  bounded  by 
Richmond  and  Anson  S.  Cabarras  W.  Rowan 
and  Randolph  N,  and  Moore  E.  Length  42 
m,  mean  width  18.  It  produces  cotton,  gram, 
and  tobacco.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,693;  in  1830, 
10,918.  Chief  town,  Tindalsville. 

MONTGOMERY,  co.  Geo.  bounded  by 
Oakmulgee  river  S,  by  Little  Oconee  river 
SW.  Laurens  W.  and  NW.  and  Emanuel  or 
Great  Ohoope  river  NE.  Length  40  rn.  mean 
width  24.  The  Oconee  and  Oakmulgee,  which 
meet  at  the  southern  extremity  of  this  county, 
form  the  Alatamaha.  Chief  town,  Mount  Ver- 
non.  Pop.  in  1820, 1,869;  in  1830, 1,269. 

MONTGOMERY,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  by 
Warren  and  Butler  S.  Preble  W.  Miami  N. 
Clarke  NE,  and  Greene  E.;  length  24  m. 
width  23.  Chief  town,  Dayton.  Pop.  in  1820, 
15,999  ;  in  1830,  24,252. 

MONTGOMERY,  t  near  the  eastern  bor 
der  of  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

MONTGOMERY,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  2,915. 

MONTGOMERY,  v.  Franklin  co,  Ohio, 
14  m.  NE.  from  Cincinnati. 

MONTGOMERY,  co.  Ken.  bounded  SE, 
and  S.  by  Estil,  W.  by  Clarke,  NW.  by  Bour 
bon,  NE.  by  Bath,  and  E.  by  Pike ;  length  38 
m.  mean  width  12.  Surface  rather  uneven 
than  hilly;  soil  productive.  Chief  town,  Mount 
Sterling.  Pop.  in  1820,  9,587 ;  in  1830, 10,221. 

MONTGOMERY,  co.  Ten.  bounded  by 
Christian  and  Todd  counties  in  Kentucky  N. 
by  Robertson  co.  in  Ten.  SE.  Dickson  S.  and 
Stewart  SW ;  length  40  m.  mean  width  17£, 
Chief  town,  Clarkesville,  Pop,  in  1820, 12,219 ; 
in  1830, 14,365. 

MONTGOMERY,  co.  Al.  bounded  by  Pike 
SE.  Butler  S.  Wilcox  and  Dallas  W,  Alabama 
river,  or  Autaga  NW.  and  N.  and  the  Musco- 
gee  or  Creek  lands  NE ;  length  50  m.  mean 
width  30.  Chief  town,  Montgomery,  Pop.  in 
1820,  6,604;  in  1830, 12,694 

MONTGOMERY,  v,  and  seat  of  justice, 
Montgomery  co.  Al,  on  Alabama  river,  70  m, 
by  land  from  Cahawba.  Lat  32°  20'  N, 

MONTGOMERY,  co.  Miso,  bounded  by 
Missouri  river  S.  Howard  co.  W.  Cuivre  river, 
or  Lincoln  N.  and  St.  Charles  E.;  length  50  m. 
mean  width  35,  Pop.  in  1820,  3,074 ;  in  1830, 
3,900. 

MONTICELLO,  t.  and  cap.  Sullivan  co, 
N,  Y.  4  m,  W.  from  Nevesink  river,  and  about 
40  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Newburgh. 

MONTICELLO,  t.  Fairfield  district,  S,  C. 
35  m.  N.  from  Columbia. 

MONTICELLO,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Jas 
per  co.  Geo.  32  m.  NW.  from  Milledgeville. 
Lat.  33°  19'  N. 

MONTICELLO,  v.  and  cap.  Lawrence  co. 
Mis.  on  Pearl  river,  90  m.  E.  from  Natchez 
Lat.  31°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  12°  55'  W. 


340 


MON— MOO 


MONTICELLO,  t.  and  cap.  Wayne  co. 
Ken.  100  m.  S.  from  Frankfort,  and  about  4 
SE.  from  Cumberland  river.  Lat.  36°  50'  N.; 
Ion.  from  W.  7°  40'  W. 

MONTICELLO,  v.  Lawrence  co.  Arkansas, 

MONTICELLO,  the  seat  of  the  late  Hon. 
THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  the  third  President  of  the 
U.  States,  in  Albemarle  co.  Va.  2  m.  SE.  from 
Charlottesville.  Lon.  78°  48'  W. ;  lat.  38°  8'  N. 

MONTPELIER,  t.  and  cap.  Washington  co. 
Vt.  and  seat  of  government  of  the  state,  on  the 
N.  side  of  Onion  river,  at  the  confluence  of 
two  of  its  head  waters ;  36  m.  SE.  from  Bur 
lington,  140  NW.  from  Boston,  524  from  Wash 
ington.  The  river  is  here  bordered  by  rude, 
unsightly  hills,  which  scarce  allow  room  for 
the  village.  Its  central  situation  in  the  state 
makes  Montpelier  a  great  thoroughfare,  the 
travel  going  through  it  in  all  directions.  Lon. 
71°337W.;  lat.  44°  16' N. 

MONTPELIER,  the  seat  of  the  Hon.  JAMES 
MADISON,  the  fourth  President  of  the  U.  States, 
in  Orange  co.  Va.  20  m.  NE.  from  Monticello. 

MONTPELIER,  v.  Hanover  co.  Va.  24  m. 
from  Richmond. 

MONTPELIER,  v.  Richmond  co.  N.  C. 
105  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

MONTREAL,  isL  in  St.  Lawrence  river,  at 
the  confluence  of  that  stream  and  the  Ottawa. 
It  forms  a  county  of  the  same  name,  32  m. 
long,  but  very  irregular  in  width. 

MONTREAL,  city,  L.  C.  It  is  built  upon 
an  island  of  the  same  name  in  the  St.  Law 
rence,  32  m.  long,  and  at  its  centre  2  m.  wide, 
at  a  point  in  the  river  just  below  the  junction  of 
the  Ottawa.  The  river  is  here  two  miles  wide, 
and  capable  of  being  ascended  by  vessels  of 
any  burden,  although  500  miles  from  the  sea. 
It  is  180  miles  SVV.  of  Quebec,  and  300  N.  of 
New  York.  The  town  has  a  beautiful  position, 
and  shows  to  great  advantage.  The  mountain, 
from  which  it  has  its  name,  rises  on  the  left 
of  the  city,  and  seems  placed  there,  like  a  ram 
part,  to  defend  it  from  the  blasts  of  winter. 
A  thick  forest  covers  the  greater  part  of  it ; 
though  a  few  neatly  built  houses  show  their 
roofs  from  the  midst  of  the  mountain  groves. 
The  new  cathedral  is,  probably,  the  largest 
church  in  America.  Its  front  is  255  feet,  and 
its  width  134.  There  are  five  public  entrances, 
and  the  interior  will  conveniently  contain 
J  0,000  persons.  There  are  seven  altars,  and 
the  eastern  window  over  the  high  altar  is  64 
by  32  feet  The  circuit  of  this  vast  edifice  is 
1,125  feet.  It  is  built  of  hewn  stone  from  the 
mountain.  The  college  is  the  next  most  con 
spicuous  building,  extending  in  front  with  the 
wings  220  feet.  It  contains  on  an  average  300 
students.  This  is  a  Catholic  institution.  There 
are  18  or  20  public  buildings.  The  French 
style  of  building,  the  number  of  lofty  spires 
and  towers,  and  the  glittering  tin  covering  of 
the  roofs,  give  the  city  a  majestic  and  impos 
ing  appearance  at  a  distance.  The  population, 
by  a, census  in  1825,  was  24,000,  and  is  now 
supposed  to  amount  to  30,000.  The  chief  ar 
ticle  of  its  commerce  is  furs.  It  is  the  empo 
rium  of  the  North-West  Company  ;  and  of  the 


trade  between  Canada  and  the  United  States. 
The  only  interruption  to  the  navigation  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  up  to  this  city,  is  the  Rapids, 
about  two  miles  below,  which  often  occasion 
delay  to  inbound  vessels,  as  they  can  be  stem 
med  only  by  a  strong  wind. 

MONTREAL,  a  district  of  L.  C.  bounded 
NE.  by  the  district  of  Three  Rivers,  S.  by  the 
States  of  New  York  and  Vermont,  SW.  by 
Upper  Canada  and  the  Grand  or  Ottawa  river. 
It  contains  the  counties  of  York,  Effingham, 
Leinster,  Warwick,  Huntingdon,  Kent,  Surrey, 
Bedford,  Richelieu,  and  Montreal. 

MONTREAL  BAY,  bay,  Canada,  on  the 
E.  side  of  Lake  Superior.  Lon.  84°  50'  W. ; 
lat.  47°  10'  N. 

MONTREAL,  r.  NW.  Ter.  which  flows 
into  Lake  Superior,  63  m.  W.  of  the  mouth  of 
the  Ontanagon.  About  800  yards  from  its 
mouth  it  has  falls,  where  the  whole  descent  is 
80  or  90  feet,  and  the  descent  at  the  last  fall  is 
40  feet  perpendicular.  The  South-West  Fur 
Company  have  a  post  at  Lake  Flambeau  near 
the  source  of  this  river. 

MONTROSE,  t.  and  cap.  Susquehannah  co. 
Pa.  163  m.  from  Harrisbnrg,  271  from  W.  Pop. 
415. 

MONTROSE,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.C. 

MONTROUIS,  t.  St.  Domingo,  at  the  head 
of  the  Bight  of  Leogane,  5  leagues  SE.  from 
St.  Mark,  15  NW.  from  Port  au  Prince. 

MONTVILLE,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  30  m.  NE. 
from  Wiscasset.  Pop.  1,743. 

MONTVILLE,  t.  New  London  co.  a.  It 
is  situated  about  9  m.  NW.  of  New  London. 
Pop.  1967. 

MOORE,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Cumberland 
SE.  Richmond  SW.  Montgomery  W.  Ran 
dolph  NW.  and  Chatham  N. ;  length  38  m. 
width  28.  Chief  town,  Alfordstown.  Pop.  in 
1820,  7,128 ;  in  1830,  7,753. 

MOORESBOROUGH,  v.  Rutherford  co. 
N.  C.  by  postroad  226  m.  SW.  by  W.  from 
Raleigh. 

MOORESBURG,  v.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 

MOORESFIELD,  or  Moorestown,  t.  Bur 
lington  co.  N.  J.  13  m.  E.  from  Philadelphia. 

MOORFIELD,  v.  Nicholas  co.  Ken. 

MOORFIELD,  v.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  11  i 
m.  SW.  from  Cadiz. 

MOORFIELD,  t.  Clarke  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
915. 

MOORFIELDS,  t.  and  cap.  Hardy  co.  Va. 
on  the  S.  branch  of  the  Potomac,  25  m.  SSW. 
from  Romney,  180  NW.  from  Richmond. 

MOORSBURG,  v.  Hawkins  co.  Ken. 

MOOSE,  isl.  Me.  in  Passamaquoddy  Bay 
on  which  is  the  town  of  Eastport 

MOOSE,  small  r.  L.  C.  It  is  one  of  the 
head  waters  of  the  St  Francis. 

MOOSE,  r.  N.  H.  which  joins  the  Andros- 
coggin,  in  Durand. 

MOOSE,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the  E. 
side  of  Black  river. 

MOOSEHEAD,  lake,  Me.  the  source  of  the 
E.  branch  of  Kennebeck  river.  It  is  said  to  be 
60  m.  long. 

MOOSEHILLOCK,  mt.  N.  H.  in  Coventry. 


MOO— MOS 


341 


According  to  the  measurement  made  by  Capt. 
Partridge,  the  N.  Peak  is  4,636  above  the  level 
of  the  sea. 

MOOSERS,  v.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

MOOSUP,  r.  which  rises  in  R.  I.  and  joins 
the  Quinebaug,  in  Plainfield,  Connecticut. 

MORANT  BAY,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ja 
maica.  Lon.  76°  W. ;  lat.  17°  54'  N. 

MORANT  POINT,  or  East  Point,  cape,  on 
the  E.  coast  of  Jamaica.  Lon.  75°  52'  W. ; 
lat.  17°  56'  N. 

MORANT  KEYS,  or  Ranas,  small  islands 
in  the  Caribbean  sea,  36  m.  SE.  from  Jamaica. 
Lon.  75°  40'  W. ;  lat.  17^  35'  N. 

MOREAU,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud- 
son,  16m.  NE.  from  Balston  Spa,  50  N.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  1,690.  It  is  at  the  great  bend 
of  the  Hudson,  and  here  are  two  falls  in  the 
river,  Baker's  Falls  and  Glenn's  Falls. 

MOREAU,  r.  Miso.  which  runs  into  the 
S  W.  side  of  the  Missouri. 

MORETOWN,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  on 
Onion  river,  7  m.  W.  from  Montpelier.  Pop. 
816. 

MORGAN,  co.  Va.  bounded  by  Berkshire 
SE.  Hampshire  SW.  and  on  all  other  sides  by 
the  Potomac  river  or  Maryland.  Length  30  m. 
mean  width  15.  Chief  town,  Frankfort.  Pop. 
in  1820,  2,500 ;  in  1830,  2,692. 

MORGAN,  co.  Geo.  bounded  by  Putnam 
SE.  Jasper  SW.  Walton  NW.  and  the  Oconee 
river,  or  Clarke  and  Greene  NE.  Length 
22  m.  mean  width  20  m.  Chief  town,  Madi 
son.  Pop.  in  1820,  13,520 ;  in  1830,  12,023, 
of  whom  6,877  are  colored. 

MORGAN,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  Musk- 
ingum  and  Guernsey,  E.  by  Monroe,  and  S. 
by  Washington  and  Athens.  Length  32  m. 
breadth  18.  Surface  broken  and  hilly,  though 
much  of  the  soil  is  excellent.  Chief  town, 
M'Connelsville.  Pop.  in  1820,  5,297  ;  in  1830, 
11,796. 

MORGAN,  L  Morgan  co.  Ohio,  including 
M'Connelsville,  the  county  seat. 

MORGAN,  SW.  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,965. 

MORGAN,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  652. 

MORGAN,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  371. 

MORGAN,  v.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  262  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus. 

MORGAN,  co.  E.  Ten.  bounded  by  Cum 
berland  and  Wayne  cos.  Ken.  N.  Campbell  E. 
Anderson  SE.  Roane  and  Bledsoe  S.  and  Over- 
ton  W.  Length  40  m.  mean  width  19.  Chief 
town,  Montgomery.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,626;  in 
1830,  2,582. 

MORGAN,  co.  Al.  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Tennessee.  Pop.  9,053.  Chief  town,  Somer- 
ville. 

MORGANFIELD,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Union  co.  Ken,  12  m.  SE.  from  the  mouth  of 
Wabash,  and  15  SW.  from  Henderson  on 
Ohio.  Lat  37°  41' N.  Pop.  292. 

MORGAN'S  STORE,  Montgomery  co;  N.  C. 
by  postroad  113  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

MORGANSVILLE,  v.  Nottaway  co.  Va. 
18  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Petersburg. 

MORGANTOWN,  v.  Berks  co.  Pa.  7  m. 
from  Reading-. 


MORGANTOWN,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Monongalia  co.  Va.  on  the  right  bank  of  Mo- 
nongahela  river,  20  m.  SSW.  from  Uniontown, 
and  30  by  land  above  Brownsville,  Pa.  It  is 
situated  on  high  ground,  and  contains  the 
usual  county  buildings,  and  about  100  houses. 
Lat.  39°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  50'  W.  from  W. 

MORGANTOWN,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Burke  co.  N.  C.  on  the  right  bank  of  Catawba 
river,  30  m.  NW.  from  Lincolnton.  Lat.  35° 
40'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  42  W.  from  W. 

MORGANTOWN,  v.  Blount  co.  Tenn.  on 
Tennessee  river,  30  m.  SW.  from  Knoxville. 

MORGANTOWN,  v.  Butler  co.  Ken. 

MORRICHES,  v.  Brookhaven,  Suffolk  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  S.  side  of  Long  Island,  72  m.  E. 
from  New  York. 

MORRIS,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  by  Essex  SE. 
Somerset  S.  Hunterdon  SW.  Sussex  NW.  and 
Bergen  NE.  Length  26  m.  mean  width  19. 
The  Pompton  and  Rockaway  rivers  unite  and 
form  the  Passaic,  on  the  eastern  border  of  this 
co.  6  m.  above  the  celebrated  Falls  of  Passaic, 
at  the  village  of  Patterson.  Soil  productive  in 
fruits,  grain,  and  pasturage.  Chief  town, 
Morristown.  Pop.  in  1820,  21,368  ;  in  1830, 
23,580. 

MORRIS,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio. 

MORRIS  FLATS,  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  be- 
tween  Morrison  and  Cazenovia. 

MORRISON,  the  north-westernmost  t.  of 
Jackson  co.  Ohio. 

MORRISTOWN,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  19  m. 
N.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,315. 

MORRISTOWN,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.N.  Y. 
on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  2  m.  below  Brock- 
ville.  Pop.  1,600. 

MORRISTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Morris  co. 
N.  J.  19  m.  NW.  from  Newark,  28  WNW. 
from  New  York,  55  from  Trenton,  221  from 
W.  Pop.  3,536.  It  contains  the  usual  county 
buildings,  a  bank,  a  printing-press,  an  academy, 
and  2  churches,  1  for  Presbyterins  and  1  for 
Baptists. 

MORRISTOWN,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 
19  m.  W.  from  Mount  Pleasant. 

MORRISTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Buncombe  co. 
N.C. 

MORRISTOWN,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  27 
m.  from  Warren. 

MORRISVILLE,  v.  in  Eaton,  Madison  co. 
N.Y.  containing  the  court-house. 

MORRISVILLE,  bor.  and  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 
on  the  Delaware,  1  m.  below  Trenton,  29  above 
Philadelphia.  Pop.  531. 

MORRISVILLE,  v.  Greene  co.  Pa. 

MORRISVILLE,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 

MOSCOW,  v.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  4  m.  SW. 
from  Genesee.  It  is  a  very  flourishing  village. 
A  newspaper  is  published  here. 

MOSCOW,  t  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  on  Sugar 
creek,  10  m.  E.  from  Wooster. 

MOSCOW,  t  Somerset  co.  Me.  28  m.  N. 
from  Norridgewock.  Pop.  405. 

MOSCOW,  t.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  near  the 
W.  side  of  Genesee  river,  30  m.  above  Ro 
chester. 

MOSCOW,  small  village  in  the  southern 
limits  of  Clermont  co.  Ohio.  It  is  situated  on 


342 


MOT— MOU 


the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  22  m.  southerly 
from  Williamsburg,  and  120  south-westerly 
from  Columbus. 

MOTTLE  ISLE,  island  of  Vermont,  Grand 
Isle  co.  It  is  to  the  NW.  from  Grand  Isle, 
and  is  8  m.  long  and  2  wide. 

MOULTON,  v.  Lawrence  co.  Al. 
MOULTONBOROUGH,    t.   Strafford    co. 
N.  H.,  N.  of  Lake  Winnipiseogee,  65  rn.  NW. 
from  Portsmouth,  48  N.  from  Concord.     Pop. 
1,422. 

MOULTRIEVILLE,  v.  S.  C.  on  Sullivan's 
Island,  8  m.  from  Charleston. 

MOUNTAIN,  t.  Dundas  co.  U.  C. 
MOUNTAIN  ISLAND,  v.  Scott  co.  Ken. 
MOUNTAIN  SHOALS,  v.  Laurens  co.  S.  C. 
MOUNT  AIRY,  v.  Surrey  co.  N.  C. 
MOUNT  BETHEL,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 
MOUNT  CARMEL,  t.  Edwards  co.  II.  on 
the  Wabash,  opposite  the  entrance  of  White 
river  and  Patoka,  24  m.  by  land  below  Vin- 
cennes,  25  above  Harmony. 

MOUNT  CLEMENS,  t.  and  cap.  Macomb 
co.  Michigan  Territory,  on  the  river  Huron 
of  St.  Clair,  4  m.  from  its  mouth,  25  N.  from 
Detroit,  and  552  from  W. 

MOUNT  CLIO,  v.  Sumpter  district,  S.  C. 
52  m.  E.  from  Columbia. 

MOUNT  DEFIANCE,  mt.  m  S.  part  of 
Ticonderoga,  N.  Y.  W.  of  Lake  Champlain. 

MOUNT  DESERT,  isl.  and  t.  on  the  coast 
of  Maine,  in  Hancock  co.  40  m.  E.  from  Cas- 
tine,  295  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,603.  The 
island  is  15  m.  long,  and  12  broad. 

MOUNT  DISCOVERY,  mt.  Essex  co 
N.  Y.  in  the  S.  part  of  Lewis.  It  is  one  of  the 
highest  mountains  in  the  co.  of  Essex. 

MOUNT  EPHRAIM,  v.  Hancock  co.  Me 
MOUNT  HOLLY,  t.  Rutland  co.Vt.  25  m 
W.  from  Windsor.     Pop.  1,318. 

MOUNT  HOLLY,  t.  and  cap.  Burlington 
co.  N.  J.  near  Ancocus  creek,  23  m.  ENE 
from  Philadelphia,  21  from  Trenton,  156  from 
W.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  a  market-house,  a  bank,  2 
houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Episcopalians 
and  1  for  Friends,  valuable  mills,  and  200 
dwelling-houses. 

MOUNT  HOPE,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 
MOUNT  HOPE,  v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 
MOUNT  HOPE,  v.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  abou 
4  m.  N.  of  Rockaway.     Here  is  a  furnace  for 
casting  hollow  ware. 

MOUNT  HOPE,  hill,  R.  I.  on  the  W 
shore  of  Mount  Hope  Bay,  in  the  township  of 
Bristol,  2  m.  NE.  of  the  town.  It  is  of  a  coni 
cal  form,  with  an  acute  and  nearly  pointec 
apex ;  and  though  of  inconsiderable  height 
(less  than  300  feet  above  full  tide,)  the  pros 
pect  from  the  summit  is  peculiarly  interesting 
It  is  famous  for  being  the  former  residence  of 
king  Philip. 

MOUNT  HOPE  BAY,  NE.  part  of  Nar 
raganset  Bay,  extending  up  between  Tiverton 
and  Bristol,  and  a  short  distance  into  Massa 
chusetts.  Taunton  river  flows  into  the  NE. 
part  of  it. 

MOUNT  HOREB,  t.  Nelson  co.  Va. 
MOUNT  INDEPENDENCE,  mt.  Orwell 


Vt.  on  E.  side  of  Lake  Champlain,  opposite 
.he  old  fort  of  Ticonderoga. 
MOUNT  JOY,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
MOUNT  LAUREL,  t.  Halifax  cc,  Va. 
MOUNT  MAGOLIA,  v.  Rapides  co.  La. 
MOUNT  PISGAH,  v.  Iredell  co.  N.  C. 
MOUNT  PLEASANT,  t.  Westcheeter  co. 
N.  Y.  on  E.  side  of  the  Hudson,  36  m.  N.  from 
New  York,  265  from  W.     Pop,  4,932.      This 
;own  possesses  considerable  trade. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  t.  Westmoreland 
co.  Pa.  10  m.  NW.  from  Washington. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Shenandoah  co. 
Va.  13  m.  SW.  from  Woodstock. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Jefferson  co. 
Ohio,  10  m.  NE.  from  St.  Clairsville,  20  SW. 
from  Steubenrille.  It  is  a  flourishing  town, 
and  contains  a  market-house,  a  bank,  and  a 
Friends'  meeting-house.  In  the  vicinity  there 
are  a  woollen  manufactory,  a  paper-mill,  and 
other  valuable  mills. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Martin  co.  In. 
142  m.  SSW.  from  Indianapolis. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Maury  co.  Ten. 
50  m.  SW.  from  Murfreesborough. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  P.  O.,  E.  Baton 
Rouge  Parish,  Louisiana,  106  m.  NW.  from 
New  Orleans. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  mills  and  t.  Union 
co.  Pa.  46  m.  N.  from  Harrisburg. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Rockingham  co. 
N.  C.  135  m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Fairfield  co.  S.C. 
44  m.  N.  from  Columbia. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  t.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  874. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Md.  in  Caroline 
and  Queen  Anne  cos.  11  m.  E.  from  Churchill. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ken. 
It  contains  a  society  of  Friends. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  t.  Hamilton  co. 
Ohio,  10  m.  from  Cincinnati,  12  from  Hamil 
ton.  Pop.  219. 

MOUNT  PROSPECT,  v.  Edgecombe  co. 
N.  Carolina. 

MOUNT  RICHARDSON,  t.  Jackson  co. 
Tennessee. 

MOUNT  SOLUS,  v.  Hinds  co.  Mis.  70  m. 
S.  from  Jackson. 

MOUNT  STEPHEN'S,  v.  Rockingham  co. 
Virginia. 

MOUNT  STERLING,  v.  Switzerland  co. 
In.  103  m.  SE.  from  Indianapolis. 

MOUNT  STERLING,  t.  and  cap.  Mont 
gomery  co.  Ken.  60  m.  from  Frankfort,  and 
501  from  W.  Pop.  561.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  bank,  and  academy. 

MOUNT  TABOR,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  26  m. 
W.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  210. 

MOUNT  TIRZAH,  v.  Person  co.  N.C. 

MOUNT  TOM,  mt.  Mass,  on  the  W.  side 
of  Connecticut  river,  near  Northampton. 

MOUNT  UPTON,  v.  on  Unadilla  river,  op 
posite  the  mouth  of  Butternut  creek,  Chenango 
co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  SE.  from  Norwich. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  T.  Chester  co.  Pa. 


MOU— MUR 


343 


MOUNT  VERNON. 


MOUNT  VERNON,  seat  of  Gen.  Washing. 
ton,  pleasantly  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  Po 
tomac  river,  18m.  below  the  city  of  Washing 
ton,  and  9  m.  below  Alexandria. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  t.  Boone  co.  Ken.  on 
the  Ohio,  24  m.  from  Cincinnati. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  t.  Kcnnebeck  co.  Me. 
14  m.  NW.  from  Augusta,  or  Kennebeck  river. 
Pop.  1,439. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  t.  Hilisborough  co. 
N.  H.  92  m.  S.  from  Concord.  Pop.  763. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Montgomery  co.  Geo.  lat.  32°  13'  N. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Knox  co.  Ohio,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Owl  creek, 
20  m.  from  its  mouth.  The  town  contains  a 
printing-office,  a  brick  court-house  and  jail,  a 
merchant-mill,  and  a  saw-mill,  and  within  6 
m.  there  are  9  grist  and  saw-mills,  3  carding- 
machines,  one  of  which  is  for  cotton.  Dis 
tance  40  m.  W.  from  Coshocton,  54  NW.  from 
Zanesville,  and  44  NE.  from  Columbus.  Lat. 
40°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  5°  32'  W. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Rockcastle  co.  Ken.  75  m.  SE.  from  Frankfort. 
Lat.  37°  24'  N. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  v.  Bullit  co.  Ken.  25 
m.  SSE.  from  Louisville. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  v.  on  the  right  bank 
of  Ohio  river,  Posey  co.  In.  5  m.  above  the 
mouth  of  Wabash  river. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  v.  Jefferson  co.  II.  69 
m.  S.  from  Vandalia. 

MOUNTVILLE,  v.  London  co.  Va. 

MOUNT  VINTAGE,  v.  Edgefield  district, 
S.  Carolina. 

MOUNT  WASHINGTON,  the  highest  of 
the  White  mountains,  N.  H.  According  to  the 
measurement  of  Capt.  Partridge,  it  is  6,634 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

MOUNT  WASHINGTON,  t.  Berkshire  co. 
Mass.  20  m.  SSE.  from  Lenox.  Pop.  345. 

MOUNT  ZION,  v.  Union  co.  Ken.  236  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Frankfort. 

MOUNT  ZION,  v.  Hancock  co.  Geo.  26  m. 
NE.  from  Milledgeville. 

MOUNT  ZION,  v.  Monroe  co.  Miso.  176 
m.  from  St.  Charles. 

MOXAHALA,  or  Jonathan's  Creek,  rising 
.n  the  N.  part  of  Perry  co.  Ohio,  flows.  E.  across 


Muskingum  co.  into  Muskingum  river,  which 
it  enters,  3  m.  below  Zanesville. 

MUD  CREEK,  N.  Y.  joins  Canandaigua 
creek  in  Phelps. 

MUDDY  RIVER,  II.  runs  into  the  Missis- 
sippi.  It  is  navigable  40  m. 

MUDGE,  Point,  cape  on  an  island  in  the 
Gulf  of  Georgia,  on  the  N  W.  coast  of  America 
Lon.  235°  9'  E. ;  lat.  50°  N. 

MUD  ISLAND,  fortified  isl.  Pa.  in  Dela 
ware  river,  7  m.  below  Philadelphia. 

MUHLENBURG,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  5,341. 
Chief  town,  Greenville. 

MULBERRY,  r.  runs  into  the  N.  side  of 
the  Arkansas,  below  Fort  Smith. 

MULLEN'S  ISLAND,  isl.  Florida,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.  Lon.  82°  55'  W. ;  lat.  28°  1'  N. 

MULLICO  HILL,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 

MULLICUS,  r.  N.  J.  runs  into  Little  Egg- 
harbor,  4  m.  E.  from  Leeds.  It  is  navigable 
20  m.  for  vessels  of  60  tons. 

MULTNOMAH,  or  Wallaumut,  r.  falls  into 
the  Columbia  from  the  S.  about  100  m.  from 
the  Pacific.  It  is  500  yards  wide  near  its 
mouth,  and  very  deep. 

MUNCEY,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,564. 

MUNCEY  CREEK,  Pa.  runs  into  the  E. 
side  of  the  Susquehannah,  23  m.  above  North 
umberland. 

MUNDFORDVILLE,  t.  Hardin  co.  Ken- 
on  Green  river,  30  m.  below  Greensburg,  and 
30  from  Litchfield. 

MUNSTER,  v.  Cambria  co.  Pa. 

MURFREESBOROUGH,  t.  Hertford  co. 
N.  C.  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Meherrin 
river,  50  m.  NW.  from  Edenton.  It  is  a  place 
of  considerable  trade.  The  public  buildings 
are  an  academy  and  a  Methodist  church. 

MURFREESBOROUGH,  t.  Rutherford  co. 
Ten.  and  former  capital  of  the  state,  32  m.  SE. 
from  Nashville,  160  W.  from  Knoxville.  Lat. 
35°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  86°  35'  W.  The  surround 
ing  country  is  level  and  very  fertile,  abounding 
with  wheat,  cotton,  and  tobacco.  The  town 
was  made  the  seat  of  government  in  1817,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  jail,  academy,  bank, 
meeting-house,  and  about  two  hundred  houses ; 
and,  in  1818,  more  than  1,000  inhabitants. 
The  seat  of  government  has  since  been  remov- 
d  to  Nashville. 


344 


MUR— NAN 


MURPHY'S  SETTLEMENT,  v.  St.  Gene, 
vieve  co.  Missouri,  on  the  road  from  St.  Louis 
to  Arkansas  and  Red  rivers. 

MURR  ISLANDS,  small  islands  near  the 
S.  coast  of  Labrador.  Lon.  59°  8'  W. ;  lat. 
50°  32'  N. 

MURRAY,  t.  Northumberland  co.  U.  C.  on 
the  bay  of  Quinte,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Trent. 

MURRAY,  t.  Orleans  co.  N  Y.  on  Lake 
Ontario,  18  m.  NE.  from  Batavia.  Pop  3,138. 

MURRAY  BAY,  or  Malbay,  Seigniory  of 
Northumberland  co.  L.  C.  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
St  Lawrence,  66  m.  NE.  from  Quebec. 

MURRAY  HARBOR,  harbor  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  St  John,  in  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence.  Lon.  62C  2C'  W.  •  lat.  46°  N. 

MURRAY'S  FERRY,  v.  Williamsburg  co. 
S.  Carolina. 

MUSCLE  CANAL,  strait  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America,  leading  into  Carter's  bay. 

MUSCLE  SHOALS,  in  Tennessee  river, 
250  m.  above  its  mouth,  and  the  same  distance 
below  the  Suck.  They  extend  about  25  m. ; 
the  river  spreads  to  the  width  of  3  m.  and  is 
full  of  islands.  The  passage  of  the  sho.als  is 
difficult,  except  when  the  river  is  high. 

MUSH  AN  AN,  r.  Pa.  which  forms  the  bound 
ary  between  Centre  and  Huntingdon  cos.  and 
falls  into  a  branch  of  the  Susquehannah. 

MUSKINGUM,  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Muskin- 
gum  r.  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Coshocton,  E.  by 
Guernsey,  S.  by  Morgan,  and  W.  by  Perry  and 
Licking  cos.  It  is  28  by  27  m.  in  extent. 
Pop.  in  1820,  17,824;  in  1830,  29,325.  Chief 
town,  Zanesville. 

MUSKINGUM,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio. 

MUSKINGUM,  r.  Ohio,  rises  in  Portage 
co.  and  running  S.  200  m.  joins  the  Ohio  at 
Marietta.  At  its  mouth,  it  is  250  yards  wide. 
It  is  navigable  100  m.  to  Coshocton  for  large 
boats,  and  for  small  boats,  to  its  source ;  whence 
there  is  a  portage  of  only  one  mile  to  the  Cuy- 
nhoga,  which  runs  into  Lake  Erie.  At  Zanes 
ville  there  are  considerable  rapids  in  the  river. 

MUSKONGUS,  r.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  which 
flows  through  Waldoborough  into  a  bay  of  the 
same  name.  Muskongus  island,  in  this  bay, 
contains  1,000  acres. 

MYERSTOWN,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  32  m. 
E.  from  Harrisburg. 

MYSTIC,  r.  Mass,  which  flows  into  Boston 
harbor.  It  is  navigable  for  sloops  to  Medford, 
4m. 

MYSTIC  RIVER,  v.  New  London  co.  CL 

N. 

NAAMAN'S  CREEK,  r.  Delaware,  which 
runs  into  the  river  Delaware,  near  the  line  of 
Pa. 

NACOGDOCHES,  formerly  Assinaye,  t. 
Texas,  near  the  head  waters  of  the  Netches. 
Lon.  94°  17'  W. ;  lat.  31°  27'  N.  It  is  a  small 
town,  having  a  few  farms  in  its  vicinity. 

NAGRACA,  r.  Missouri  territory,  which 
joins  the  Arkansas  about  Ion.  99°  20'  W.  It 
is  navigable  150  m. 

N  AH  ANT,  a  peninsula,  Mass,  in  the  town 
ship  of  Lynn,  9  m.  S.  from  Salem,  14  m.  NE. 


from  Boston.  It  is  connected  with  the  main 
land  by  a  narrow  isthmus,  more  than  a  mile 
and  a  half  in  length.  It  is  divided  into  Great 
Nahant,  Little  Nahant,  and  Bass  Neck.  On 
Great  Nahant,  the  eastern  division,  containing 
305  acres  of  highly  cultivated  and  fertile  land, 
there  are  several  dwelling-houses.  At  the  east 
end,  at  low  water,  in  the  pools  among  the  large 
rocks,  is  found  the  Animal  Flower,  or  Rose 
Fish,  adhering  to  small  stones  in  water  4  or  5 
feet  deep.  There  is  a  chasm  30  feet  in  depth 
on  the  northern  shore,  called  the  Spouting 
Horn,  into  which,  at  about  half-tide,  the  water 
rushes  with  great  violence  and  a  tremendous 
sound. 

NAHANTICK,  bay,  Ct.  3  m.  W.  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Thames. 

NAIN,  Moravian  settlement  in  Pennsyl 
vania,  on  Lehigh  river,  established  in  1763; 
50  m.  N.  from  Philadelphia. 

NAMASKET,  r.  Mass,  which  joins  Bridge- 
water  river,  N.  of  Middleborough,  to  form  the 
river  Taunton. 

NANCEVILLE,  v.  Harrison  co.  In. 

NANGIRA,  or  Neongee,  r.  southerly  branch 
of  the  Osage.  About  20  m.  from  its  mouth 
there  is  a  cascade  of  90  feet  perpendicular, 
and  near  it  are  two  smaller  ones. 

NANJEMOY,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Charles 
co.  Md.  near  the  river  Nanjemoy,  which  flows 
into  the  Potomac,  SW.  from  Port  Tobacco.  It 
is  a  place  of  some  trade. 

NANSEMOND,  co.  SE.  part  of  Va.  bound 
ed  NW.  by  Isle  of  Wight  co.  E.  by  Norfolk 
co.  S.  by  N.  C.  and  W.  by  Southampton  co. 
Pop.  11,784.  Chief  town,  Suffolk. 

NANSEMOND,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the 
Hampton  Road.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of 
100  tons  to  Suffolk,  and  for  those  of  250  to 
Sleepy-Hole. 

NANTASKET  ROAD,  the  entrance  into 
Boston  harbor,  Mass.  S.  of  the  light-house. 

NANTICOKE,  v.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 

NANTICOKE,  creek  of  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 
rises  between  Chenango  and  Owego  rivers,  and 
falls  into  the  Susquehannah  about  midway  be 
tween  Chenango  Point  and  Owego. 

NANTICOKE,  r.  Md.  which  rises  in  Dela 
ware,  and  runs  SW.  into  Fishing  Bay  in  the 
Chesapeake. 

NANTICOKE  FALLS,  in  Pa.  on  the  Sus 
quehannah,  7£  m.  below  Wilkesbarre. 

NANTUCKET,  isl.  Mass.  10  m.  E.  from 
Martha's  Vineyard,  about  8  leagues  S.  from 
Cape  Cod.  Lon.  69°  56'  to  70°  13'  W. ;  lat. 
41°  13'  to  41°  22'  N.  It  is  of  triangular  form, 
about  15  m.  long,  and  11  broad  in  the  widest 
place,  containing  29,380  acres.  The  land  is 
held  in  common  by  the  inhabitants,  and  though 
of  a  good  quality,  is  little  cultivated  by  them, 
as  they  are  generally  occupied  in  the  whale 
fishery,  in  which  employment  their  enterprise 
and  success  have  gained  them  great  celebrity. 
Nantucket,  with  several  small  islands  near  it, 
forms  a  county,  and  contains  but  one  town 
which  is  of  the  same  name  with  the  island. 
Pop.  in  1820,  7,266 ;  in  1830,  7,202. 

NANTUCKET,  t.  and  s-p.  on  the  above 
island,  40  m,  SE.  from  Falmouth,  60  SE.  from 


NAN— NAT 


345 


New  Bedford,  123  SSE.  from  Boston.  Lon.  70° 
8'  W. ;  lat.  41°  16'  N.  It  is  situated  on  an 
arm  of  a  small  bay  in  the  NW.  side  of  the 
island.  This  bay  is  formed  by  two  projecting 
points,  the  longer  of  which,  extending-  in  a 
NW.  direction,  is  called  Sandy  Point,  on  which 
is  a  light-house.  The  town  contains  between 
700  and  800  dwelling-houses,  several  houses 
of  public  worship,  2  banks,  two  insurance  offi 
ces,  a  woollen  manufactory,  and  30  spermaceti 
works,  which  employ  a  capital  of  $600,000. 
The  harbor  is  well  land-locked,  and  safe  from 
all  winds.  There  is  a  large  amount  of  ship 
ping  belonging  to  this  port  employed  in  whaling. 

NANTUXET  CREEK,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs 
into  Delaware  Bay.  Lon.  75°  16'  W.;  lat.  39° 
21' N. 

NAPLES,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  18  m.  S.  from 
Canandaigua,  216  m.  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
1,943. 

NAPLES  BAY,  or  Henderson  Bay,  extends 
from  Hungry  Bay,  SW.  into  Henderson,  N.  Y. 

NARRAGANSET,  a  beautiful  bay  which 
opens  into  the  southern  coast  of  R.  I.  between 
Seaconnet  rocks  on  the  E.  and  Point  Judith 
on  the  W.  extending  N.  28  m.  to  the  city  of 
Providence,  where  it  terminates.  It  has  an 
average  width  of  about. 10  m.  varying  from  1 
to  15.  It  has  been  suggested  by  the  navy 
commissioners,  that  this  bay  would  afford  the 
most  eligible  site  for  a  naval  depot  that  could 
be  found  NE.  of  the  Chesapeake. 

NARRAGUAGUS,  v.  Washington  co.  Me. 
on  the  Narraguagus,  37  m.  W.  from  Machias. 

NARRAGUAGUS,  r.  Me.  which  runs  into 
Narraguagus  Bay,  at  Harrington. 

NARROWS,  The,  channel  between  Long 
Island  and  Staten  Island,  connecting  New 
York  Bay  with  the  Atlantic,  9  m.  S.  from  N. 
York.  The  channel  is  a  little  more  than  a 
mile  wide,  and  is  well  defended  by  forts  and 
batteries. 

NARROWS,  The,  in  Lake  George,  N.  Y. 
opposite  Bolton,  14  m.  N.  from  Caldwell. 

NASH,  co.  central  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  8,492. 
Chief  town,  Nashville. 

NASHUA,  r.  which  rises  in  Worcester  co. 
Mass,  and  runs  NE.  into  the  Merrimack  at 
Nashua  Village,  in  Dunstable,  N.  H.  1£  m, 
above  the  meeting-house.  Length  40  m, 

NASHAUN,  one  of  the  Elizabeth  islands, 
Mass,  E.  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  NW.  of  Martha's 
Vineyard. 

NASHVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Davidson  co.  and 
capital  of  the  state  of  Tennessee,  on  S.  side 
of  the  Cumberland,  110  m.  N.  from  Huntsville, 
190  W.  from  Knoxville,  250  SW.  from  Lex 
ington,  430  NE.  by  N.  from  Natchez,  714  SW. 
from  Washington,  59  4  NE.from  New  Orleans, 
294  SW.  from  Cincinnati,  288  S.  from  Indian 
apolis,  and  937  SW.  from  N.  Y.  A  branch  of 
the  U.  S.  bank  has  been  fixed  here,  and  has 
greatly  favored  the  growth  of  the  place.  The 
town  is  adorned  with  one  of  the  largest  and 
handsomest  market-houses  in  the  western  coun 
try.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  university  of  Nash 
ville,  which,  in  regard  to  its  professorships, 
library,  chemical  and  philopophical  apparatus, 


the  estimation  of  its  president,  and  the  actual 
fruits  of  its  utility,  has  taken  a  high  placo 
among  western  institutions  of  the  kind.  It 
was  founded  in  1806,  and  the  number  of  stu. 
dents  ranges  from  70  to  100.  Number  of  vol 
umes  in  the  libraries,  2,500.  The  commence, 
ment  is  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  October. 
There  are  two  vacations  in  a  year ;  the  first, 
from  commencement  5£  weeks ;  the  second, 
from  first  Wednesday  in  April  5£  weeks.  This 
town  contains,  also,  a  number  of  churches,  a 
lyceum,  and  many  handsome  private  dwellings. 
It  issues  four  or  five  gazettes,  which  rank 
among  the  most  respectable  in  the  West.  Tho 
citizens  in  general  evince  an  encouraging  in- 
terest  in  the  advancement  of  science,,  litera 
ture,  and  taste.  Few  towns  impart  more 
pleasant  impressions  of  general  hospitality  and 
urbanity  to  strangers.  It  contains  5,566  in 
habitants.  There  is  a  steam-boat  navigation 
from  Nashville  to  New  Orleans.  The  Cumber- 
land  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels  of 
30  or  40  tons,  9  months  in  the  yearr  and  at 
certain  times,  for  ships  of  400  tons. 

NASHVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Nash 
co.  N.C.  50  m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Raleighr273 
from  W. 

NASSAU,  cap.  of  the  island  of  New  Provi 
dence,  one  of  the  West  Indies.  Lon,  from  W 
0°  50'  W. ;  lat.  24°  55'  N. 

NASSAU,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  15  m  SE 
from  Albany.  Pop.  3,254. 

NASSAU,  r.  Florida,  rising  between  St. 
John's  and  St.  Mary's  rivers,  and  flowing  pa 
rallel  to  each,  falls  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  be 
tween  Talbot  ana  Amelia  islands,  after  a  com 
parative  course  of  about  70  m.  Lat.  30°  44' 
N. ;  Ion.  81°  42'  W. 

NASSAU  ROAD,  sailing  passage,  on  the 
coast  of  Mississippi,  W.  of  Mobile  Bay. 

NAT  A,  or  Santiago  de  los  CabareUos,  city 
of  N.  America,  in  Veragua.  Lon.  from  W.  3° 
17'  W. ;  lat.  8°  22'  N. 

NATCHAUG,  r.  Ct.  which  joins  the  She- 
tucket,  in  Windham. 

NATCHEZ,  city  and  port  of  entry,  Adams 
co.  Mississippi,  on  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi, 
322  m.  above  New  Orleans  by  the  course  of 
the  river,  156  by  land,  90  W.  from  Monticello, 
430  SW.  by  S.  from  Nashville,  and  1,146  from 
W.  The  site  of  the  town  is  very  irregular, 
the  principal  part  being  built  on  a  high  bluff, 
and  the  remainder  at  its  foot  on  the  bank  of 
the  river.  The  streets  of  the  upper  town  arc 
regular,  crossing  at  right  angles.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy,  several 
churches,  and  issues  3  or  4  weekly  newspapers. 
Pop.  2,790. 

NATCHITOCHES,  t.  and  cap.  Natchito- 
ehes  co.  La.  on  the  SW.  bank  of  Red  river, 
about  200  m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Mis 
sissippi,  200  in  a  right  line  NW.  from  New 
Orleans,  and  1,448  from  W.  Lon.  93°  10'  W. ; 
lat.  31°  46'  N.  This  town  was  settled  before 
New  Orleans,  but  continued  until  lately  an  in 
considerable  village.  It  is  now  flourishing,  and 
contains  a  Roman  Catholic  church,  a  jail,  a 
U.  S.  /actory,  and  about  800  inhabitants, 


346 


NAT— NET 


NATURAL  BRIDGE. 

NATURAL  BRIDGE,  in  Rockbridge  eo. 
Va.  This  bridge,  which  is  over  Cedar  creek, 
is  one  of  the  greatest  natural  curiosities  in  the 
world.  See  page  95. 

NAUGATUCK,  r.  Ct.  which  flows  S.  and 
joins  the  Housatonnuc,  at  Derby.  Length  50 
miles. 

NAVESINK,  harbor  on  the  coast  of  Mon- 
mouth  co.  N.  J.  5  m.  NW.  from  Shrewsbury. 
The  Navesink  Hills,  282  feet  high,  are  the  first 
land  seen  in  approaching  the  coast. 

NAVY,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  60  m.  NE.  from 
Montpelier. 

NAVY  ISLAND,  in  the  Niagara,  between 
Grand  Isle  and  the  Falls ;  1  m.  long,  and  1 
broad;  15  m.  NNE.  from  Navy  Hall. 

NAZARETH,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  7  m. 
NW.  from  Easton,  10  NNE.  from  Bethlehem, 
62  N.  from  Philadelphia.  Tins  is  a  pleasant 
and  handsome  town,  regularly  built  of  stone, 
and  contains  a  celebrated  Moravian  academy, 

NEEDHAM,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass,  on  the 
river  Charles,  opposite  Newton,  6  m.  WNW. 
from  Dedhani,  12  WSW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,420.  Between  this  town  and  Newton  the 
river  has  2  falls ;  one  of  20  feet.  These  afford 
many  excellent  mill-seats;  and  on  Needham 
fide  there  are  3  paper-mills,  besides  other 
{mils. 

NEHOG  ATOOANNAH,  r.  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Mississippi,  Ion.  93°  5'  W.;  kt. 
44°  24'  N. 

NEHUMIKEAG,  isl.  in  the  Kennebeck, 
14  m.  above  the  Merrymeeting  Bay. 

NELSON,  formerly  Packersfield,  t.  Cheshire 
co.  N.  H.  8  m.  NE.  from  Keene,  40  WSW. 
from  Concord.  Pop.  875.  Here  is  a  cotton 
and  woollen  manufactory. 

NELSON,  t.  Madison  co.  N.Y.  35  m.  SW. 
from  Utica.  Pop.  2,445. 


NELSON,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 

NELSON,  t  Portage  co.  Ohio. 

NELSON,  English  settlement  in  N.  Ameri 
ca,  on  the  W.  side  of  Hudson's  Bay,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Nelson,  250  m.  SE.  of 
Churchhill  Fort.  It  belongs  to  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  who  carry  on  a  great  trade  in 
beaver  and  other  skins.  Lon.  92°  35'  W. ;  lat. 
57°  7'  N. 

NELSON,  co.  Va.  bounded  by  James  river 
or  Buckingham  SE.  Amherst  SW.  the  Blue 
Ridge  or  Roekbridge  and  Augusta  NW.  and 
Albemarle  NE.  Length  23  m.  mean  width  15. 
Besides  being  washed  by  James  river,  it  is 
drained  by  Rock  Fish  and  Tye  rivers.  War- 
minster,  the  chief  town,  is  about  60  m.  a  little 
N.  of  W.  from  Richmond.  Pop.  in  1820, 
10,137 ;  in  1830,  11,251,  of  whom  5,308  are 
colored. 

NELSON,  co.  Ken.  bounded  E.  and  SE.  by 
Washington,  S.  and  SW.  by  the  Rolling  fork 
of  Salt  river,  or  Hardin,  NW.  by  Bullit,  and 
N.  by  Salt  river  or  Shelby.  Length  30  miles, 
mean  width  17.  Chief  town,  Bairdstown.  Pop. 
in  1820, 16,273 ;  in  1830, 14,916. 

NELSON'S  FORT,  a  British  factory  at  the 
mouth  of  Nelson's  river.  Lon.  from  W.  15° 
42' W.;  lat. 57°  12' N. 

NELSON'S  RIVER,  large  r.  of  N.  Ameri 
ca,  in  Cabotia,  or  British  America.  It  rises 
in  Lake  Winnipeg,  and  flowing  about  350  m. 
in  a  NE.  direction,  empties  into  Hudson's  Bay, 
in  lat.  57°  30' N. ;  Ion.  93°  W. 

NELSON'S  FERRY,  v.  S.C.  50  m.  N.  from 
Charleston. 

NEMAHA,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the  Mis 
souri,  380  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

NEN.  r.  U.  C.  empties  itself  into  Lake  On- 
tario,  in  the  t.  of  Pickering. 

NEOPSCO  CREEKr  r.  Va.  which  runs  int» 
the  Potomac. 

NEPANOSE,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  on  W. 
branch  of  the  Susquehannah.  Near  this  town 
is  a  remarkable  valley. 

NEPONSET,  a  handsome  village,  partly  in 
Milton  and  partly  in  Dorchester,  Norfolk  co. 
Mass,  on  both  sides  of  Neponset  river,  6  m.  S. 
from  Boston.  It  has  a  number  of  establish 
ments,  where  paper,  chocolate,  cards,,  and  other 
articles,  are  manufactured ;  also  fulling-mills, 
corn-mills,  and  various  others. 

NEPONSET,  creek  of  Boston  harbor,  navi 
gable  four  miles  to  Milton,  for  vessels  of  150 
tons. 

NESCOPECK,  r.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  which 
runs  into  the  Susquehannah,  at  Nescopeck 
Falls. 

NESCOPECK,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  at  the 
junction  of  the  Nescopeek  with  the  Susque 
hannah,  about  38  m.  ENE.  from  Northumber 
land, 

NESCOPECK,  mt.  Pa.  on  the  borders  of 
the  Susquehannah. 

NESHAMINY,  r.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  which  runs 
SE.  into  the  Delaware,  5  or  6  m.  below  Bristol. 

NESHNABATONA,  r.  La.  which  runs  into 
the  Missouri,  508  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

NETCHEZ,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs  south- 


NES— NEW 


347 


erly,  west  of  the  state  of  Louisiana,  and  flows 
into  the  Sabine  Lake. 

NEUS,  river  of  N,  C.  which  enters  Pamlico 
Sound,  below  Newbern,  where  it  is  a  mile  and 
a  half  broad.  It  rises  in  Person  co.  interlock 
ing  sources  with  Dan  river,  branch  of  Roan- 
oke,  and  flowing  through  Granville,  Orange, 
Wake,  Johnson,  Wayne,  Lenoir,  and  Craven 
cos.  empties  into  Pamlico  Sound.  It  is  navi 
gable  for  boats  to  Raleigh. 

NEVERSINK,  or  Navesink,  t.  Sullivan  co. 
N.  Y.  Pop.  946.  It  lies  on  E.  side  of  Rock- 
land. 

NEVERSINK,  r.  Ulster  co.  N,  Y.  It  lies 
on  E.  side  of  Rockland,  and  runs  into  the 
Delaware. 

NEVERSINK  HILLS,     See  Navesink. 

NEVILLA,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

NEVILLSVILLE,  v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio, 
containing  about  200  inhabitants,  30  m,  above 
Cincinnati. 

NEVIS,  one  of  the  leeward  Caribbee  islands 
in  the  West  Indies,  divided  from  the  E.  end 
of  St.  Christopher's  by  a  narrow  channel.  It 
nas  but  one  mountain,  whkh  is  in  the  middle, 
very  high,  and  covered  with  large  trees  to 
the  summit.  Here  are  springs  of  fresh  water 
and  a  hot  bath,  of  a  nature  similar  to  those  of 
Bath,  in  Eng.  It  is  a  small  island,  but  very 
fruitful,  and  subject  to  the  English.  Charles 
ton  is  the  capital. 

NEW  ALBANY,  v.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 

NEW  ALBANY,  handsomely  situated  t. 
and  seat  of  justice  for  Floyd  co.  In.  It  is  situ 
ated  on  the  right  bank  of  Ohio  river,  4  m,  be 
low  Louisville,  and  2  below  Shippingport  in 
Ken.  It  contains  about  1,500  inhabitants,  a 
steam,  saw  and  grist  mill,  and  a  ship-yard. 

NEW  ALEXANDRIA,  v.  Westmoreland 
co.  Pa.  on  Loyalhanna  river,  11  m.  NE.  from 
Greensburg. 

NEW  ALEXANDRIA,  small  town  of  Co- 
lumbiana  co.  Ohio. 

NEW  ANTRIM,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y,  situ 
ated  on  the  post  and  stage-road,  from  N.  Y.  to 
Albany,  34  m.  N.  by  W.  of  the  former,  and  33 
SE.  of  Goshen, 

NEWARK,  U.  C.  is  situated  on  the  W.  side, 
at  the  entrance  of  Niagara  river,  opposite  the 
fortress  of  Niagara,  on  Lake  Ontario.  This 
town  was  laid  out  in  the  year  1794.  It  now 
contains  about  150  persons,  2  churches,  a  jail, 
and  academy.  The  first  provincial  parliament 
met  at  this  place,  and  the  public  offices  of  gov 
ernment  have  been  held  pro  tcmpore  here. 

NEWARK,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Essex  co, 
N.  J.  situated  on  the  W,  side  of  Passaic  river, 
on  a  plain ;  the  streets  are  wide  and  generally 
straight.  Here  are  two  banks,  and  several  ex 
tensive  tanneries,  and  other  manufacturing  es 
tablishments.  There  are  extensive  quarries  of 
valuable  building  stone  in  its  vicinity.  It  is  9 
m.  W.  of  N.  Y,  and  6  NNE.  from  Elizabeth- 
town. 

NEWARK,  v.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 

NEWARK,  v.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

NEWARK,  t.  Newcastle  co.  Del.  14  m, 
SW.  from  Wilmington. 


NEWARK,  v.  Worcester  co.  Md. 

NEWARK,  v.  Louisa  co.  Va.  25  m,  NW. 
from  Richmond. 

NEWARK,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Licking 
co.  Ohio.  It  is  situated  near  the  confluence 
of  the  principal  brandies  of  Licking  river,  26 
m.  W,  by  N.  from  Zanesville,  26  N.  by  E.  from 
Lancaster,  and  33  E.  by  N,  from  Columbus. 
It  contains  a  Presbyterian  meeting-house,  and 
a  court-house  of  brick.  Pop.  511. 

NEWARK  BAY,  sheet  of  water  extending 
from  Staten  Island  Sound  to  the  mouth  of  Pas 
saic  and  Hackensack  rivers,  in  a  direction  of 
NNE.  2  m.  wide  and  6  long. 

NEW  ASHFORD,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 
25  m.  N.  from  Lenox.  Pop.  285. 

NEW  ATHENS,  v.  in  the  southern  part 
of  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  S.  from  Cadiz.  It 
is  seated  on  both  sides  of  the  line,  dividing 
Cadiz  from  Short  creek,  lying,  therefore,  partly 
in  both  of  those  two  towns. 

NEW  ATHENS,  or  Tiogatown,  v.  Bradford 
co.  Pa.  It  is  situated  near  the  confluence  of 
the  Tioga  river,  and  the  E.  branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehannah  ;  a  situation  very  convenient  to 
intercept  the  trade  of  both  rivers. 

NEW  BALTIMORE,  v.  and  t.  Greene  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson,  18  m,  below  Albany, 
Pop.  2,370. 

NEW  BALTIMORE,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va, 
45  m.  from  W. 

NEW  BARBADOES,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J. 
Pop.  1,693. 

NEW  BEDFORD,  v.  and  seaport  of  Mass, 
in  Bristol  co.  on  a  small  arm  of  Buzzard  bay. 
It  has  a  secure  harbor.  The  principal  occu 
pation  of  the  inhabitants  is  fishing,  preparing 
whale  oil,  spermaceti,  and  candles,  which  arti 
cles  they  export  in  considerable  quantities. 

NEW  BEDFORD,  p.  Mahoning  t.  Mercer 
co.  Pa.  15  m.  SW,  from  Mercer. 

NEW  BERLIN,  t  Chenango  co.  N,  Y. 
Pop.  2,643. 

NEW  BERLIN,  v,  and  seat  of  justice,  Union 
co.  Pa,  on  Penn's  creek,  11  m.  W,  from  Sun- 
bury,  and  168  from  W, 

NEWBERN,  v.  Montgomery  co,  Va. 

NEWBERN,  capital  of  Craven  co.  N.  C. 
situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  river  Neuse,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Trent,  33  m.  S.  of  Wash 
ington,  on  Pamlico  river,  and  81  S.  by  W.  of 
Edenton,  on  Albemarle  Sound.  This  is  a  vil 
lage  and  port  of  entry,  the  most  populous  in 
the  state,  and  was  the  seat  of  government  be 
fore  the  revolution. 

NEWBERNVILLE,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y 
25  m.  from  Utica. 

NEWBERRY,  district  of  S.  C.  bounded  by 
Lexington  SE.  Saluda  river  or  Edgefield  SW. 
Laurens  NW.  Ennoree  river  or  Union  N.  and 
Broad  river  or  Fairfield  NE.  Length  25,  mean 
width  20  m.  The  soil  is  productive  in  cotton, 
which  is  the  principal  staple.  Chief  town, 
Newberry,  Pop.  in  1820,  16,104;  in  1830, 
17,441, 

NEWBERRY,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

NEWBERRY,  v.  Christian  co.  Ken. 

NEWBERRY,  v.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  on  the 


348 


NEW—NEW 


W.  bank  of  Lycoming  creek,  opposite  VVil- 
liamsport. 

NEWBERRY,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  New- 
berry  district,  S.  C.  40  m.  NW.  from  Colum 
bia. 

NEW  BLOOMFIELD,  v.  Perry  co.  Pa.  25 
m.  SW.  from  Harrisburg. 

NEW  BOSTON,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. 
Pop.  1,680.  It  is  situated  on  a  branch  of  the 
Merrimack  river,  50  m.  westward  from  Ports 
mouth. 

NEW  BOSTON,  v.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  119 
m.  westerly  from  Boston. 

NEW  BOSTON,  v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.-  30 
m.  from  Utica. 

NEW  BOSTON,  v.  Clarke  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
western  side  of  Mad  river,  4  m.  SW.  from 
Springfield. 

NEW  BOURBON,  v.  St.  Genevieve  co. 
Miso.  containing  about  70  houses  and  350  in 
habitants.  It  stands  2  m.  below  St.  Genevieve. 

NEW  BOWLING  GREEN,  v.  Washing 
ton  co.  Miso.  99  m.  SSW.  from  St.  Louis. 

NEWBORN,  v.  Jasper  co.  Geo.  63  m.  NW. 
from  Milledgeville. 

NEW  BRAINTREE,  t.  Worcester  co. 
Mass.  18  m.  WNW.  from  Worcester. 

NEW  BROWNSVILLE,  Wayne  co.  Ohio, 
on  Jerome's  fork. 

NEW  BRUNSWICK.  See  Brunswick, 
New. 

NEW  BRUNSWICK,  in  British  America. 
See  page  167. 

NEWBURGH,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me. 

NEWBURGH,  t.  and  half-shire  Orange  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  95  m. 
S.  of  Albany,  and  70  on  the  stage-road  N.  of 
N.  Y.  Pop.  of  the  whole  town,  6,424.  The 
village  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Hudson. 
Its  trade  employs  50  vessels  or  more.  It  is 
increasing  rapidly  in  wealth  and  population. 
It  contains  a  bank,  court-house,  academy,  and 
several  houses  of  public  worship,  for  Presby 
terians,  Episcopalians,  and  Methodists.  On 
Chambers'  creek  is  an  extensive  cannon  fbun- 

GNEWBURGH,  t.  cuyahoga  co.  Ohio,  SE. 

of  Cleveland,    Pop.  869. 

NEWBURY,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt  on  Connecti 
cut  river,  opposite  Haverhill,  34  m.  ESE.  from 
Montpelier,  47  above  Windsor.  Pop,  2,252. 

NEWBURY,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  Merrimack  river,  opposite  to  Salisbury, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge,  24  m. 
N.  from  Safem,  32  NNE.  from  Boston,  Pop. 
3,803.  It  contains  2  academies,  and  5  Con 
gregational  churches, 

NEWBURY,  district,  S.  C.   See  Newberry. 

NEWBURY,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
594. 

NEWBURYPORT,  t  and  port  of  entry, 
Essex  co.  Mass,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Merri 
mack,  3  m.  from  its  mouth,  24  N.  from  Salem, 
24  SSW.  from  Portsmouth,  33  NNE.  from 
Boston.  Lon.  70°  47'  W.;  lat.  42°  49'  N. 
Pop.  6,388. 

NEWBY'S  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Culpcper 
eo.  Va 


NEWCASTLE,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  7  m. 
NNE.  from  Wiscasset,  165  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,544.  Here  is  an  academy. 

NEWCASTLE,  or  Great  Island,  isl.  and  t. 
Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  in  the  mouth  of  the 
Piscataqua,  2  m.  E.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop. 
592.  On  the  NE.  point  are  a  light-house  and 
a  fort. 

NEWCASTLE,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  6 
m.  W.  from  Bedford,  37  N.  from  New  York 
Pop.  1,336. 

NEWCASTLE,  co.  Delaware,  bounded  N. 
by  Pennsylvania,  E.  by  Delaware  river  and 
bay,  S.  by  Kent  co.  and  W.  by  Maryland. 
The  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  canal  crosses 
this  co.  Length  36  m.  mean  width  12 ;  area 
432  sq.  ms.  Pop.  in  1820,  27,899  ;  in  1830, 
29,710.  Chief  towns,  Newcastle  and  Wil 
mington. 

NEWCASTLE,  t.  and  cap.  Newcastle  co. 
Delaware,  on  W.  bank  of  the  river  Delaware, 
5  m.  SSW.  from  Wilmington,  33  SW.  from 
Philadelphia,  103  from  W.  Lon.  75°  35'  W. ; 
lat.  39°  43'  N.  It  contains  2  houses  of  public 
worship,  1  for  Episcopalians  and  1  for  Presby 
terians,  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  and 
about  150  houses,  and  has  some  trade.  A 
rail-road  passes  from  this  place  to  French 
town,  Md. 

NEWCASTLE,  t.  Mercer  co.  Va. 

NEWCASTLE,  t.  Hanover  co.  Virginia 
on  the  Pamunky,  24  miles  NE.  from  Rich 
mond. 

NEWCASTLE,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio. 

NEWCASTLE,  t.  and  cap.  Henry  co.  Ken. 
on  the  river  Kentucky,  18  m.  S.  from  West- 
port,  556  from  W.  It  contains  the  county 
buildings,  a  bank,  and  about  150  houses. 

NEW  CHESTER,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on 
the  Merrimack.  Pop.  1,090. 

NEWCOME,  v.  Preble  co.  Ohio,  103  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Columbus. 

NEWCOMERSTOWN,  settlement,  in  the 
SW.  quarter  of  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio,  18  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  New  Philadelphia,  and  4  E. 
from  Coshocton. 

NEW  CONCORD,  v.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. 
48  m.  from  Albany. 

NEW  DURHAM,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  40 
m.  NW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  1,162. 

NEW  EGYPT,  v.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  35 
m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Philadelphia. 

NEW  ENGLAND,  name  given  at  an  early 
period  to  all  the  country  that  lies  between 
Canada  and  New  York,  and  which  at  present 
comprises  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts, 
Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  Vermont,  and 
Maine. 

NEWENHAM,  Cape,  rocky  point  of  con 
siderable  height,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  Ameri- 
ca.  It  was  discovered  by  Capt.  Cook,  in  1778. 
Lon.  162°  24'  W.;  lat  58°  42'  N. 

NEW  FAIRFIELD,  t.  Fairficld  co.  Ct. 
Pop.  958.  It  is  situated  between  Brookfield 
and  the  state  of  N.  York. 

NEW  FANE,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  Pop. 
1,441.  It  is  situated  on  the  E.  side  of  West 
river,  8  m.  NW.  from  Fulham. 


NEW— NEW 


849 


NEW  FELICIANA,  parish,  La.  bounded 
N.  by  Mississippi,  E.  by  Amite  river,  or  parish 
St.  Helena,  S.  by  East  Baton  Rouge,  and  SW. 
by  the  Mississippi  river.  St.  Francisville  is 
the  only  town  worthy  of  notice.  Pop.  in  1820, 
12,732;  in  1830,  16,876. 

NEWFIELD,  v.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  210 
m.  W.  from  Albany,  9  from  Ithaca.  Pop. 
2,664. 

NEWFIELD,  t.  York  co.  Me.  40  m.  NNW. 
from  York.  Pop.  1,289. 

NEWFOUND  LAKE,  lake,  N.  H.  in  He 
bron,  New  Chester,  Alexandria,  and  Bridge- 
water,  6  m.  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  2£  broad. 

NEWFOUNDLAND,  isl.  on  the  E.  coast  of 
N.  America,  between  47°  and  52°  N.  lat.  It 
was  discovered  by  Sebastian  Cabot  in  1496, 
Had,  after  many  disputes  with  the  French,  it 
was  ceded  to  the  English  in  1713.  It  is  of  a 
triangular  form,  from  300  to  350  m.  on  a  side. 
It  has  several  harbors,  and  there  are  about  5 
or  600  English  families  settled  here,  beside 
the  garrison  of  St.  John,  Placentia,  and  other 
forts.  In  the  fishing  season,  which  begins  in 
May  and  ends  in  September,  it  is  resorted  to 
by  at  least  10,000  people,  on  account  of  the 
cod  fisheries  on  the  banks  near  it. 

NEWFOUND  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  which 
flows  from  Newfound  Lake,  and  after  a  south 
erly  course  of  4  or  5  m.  runs  into  the  Merri- 
mack  near  Bristol. 

NEWFOUND  MILLS,  v.  Hanover  co.  Va. 

NEW  GARDEN,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

NEW  GARDEN,  v.  Robinson  co.  N.  C. 

NEW  GARDEN,  v.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

NEW  GENEVA,  v.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 

NEW  GEORGIA,  islands,  12  in  number, 
in  the  Polar  sea,  discovered  in  1819,  by  Lieut. 
Parry.  The  largest  is  Melville  Island. 

NEW  GERMANTOWN,  v.  Huntingdon 
CO.N.J. 

NEW  GLASGOW,  v.  Amherst  co.  Va. 
Here  is  an  academy  for  young  ladies. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  one  of  the  U.  S.  See 
p.  48. 

NEW  HAMPTON,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H. 
on  the  Merrimack,  30  m.  above  Concord.  Pop. 
1,904. 

NEW  HAMPTON,  v.  Hunterdon  N.  J.  21 
m.  N.  by  W.  from  Flemington,  40  NW.  from 
New  Brunswick. 

NEW  HANOVER,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by 
the  Atlantic  ocean  SE.  Cape  Fear  river,  or 
Brunswick  SW.  Bladen  W.  Sampson  NW. 
Duplin  N.  and  Orslon  E.  Length  50  m.  mean 
width  25.  Surface  mostly  flat,  and  in  part 
marshy.  Staples,  cotton  and  tobacco.  Chief 
town,  Wilmington.  Pop.  in  1820, 10,866 ;  in 
1830,  10,759. 

NEW  HARTFORD,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct. 
22  m.  W.  by  N.  of  the  city  of  Hartford,  and 
12  m.  NE.  of  Litchfield,  the  shire  town.  Pop. 
1,766. 

NEW  HARTFORD,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.Y. 
4  m.  W.  from  Utica. 

NEW  HAVEN,  t,  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Ot 
ter  creek. 

NEW  HAVEN,  co.  Ct.  bounded  by  Long 
Island  Sound  S.  Housatonnuc  river,  or  Fairfield 


SW.  Litchfield  NW.  Hartford  N.  and  Middle 
sex  NE.  Length  27  m.  mean  breadth  22. 
This  county  is  one  of  the  most  pleasingly  di 
versified  of  any  in  the  United  States.  A  chain 
of  mountains  of  moderate  elevation,  pervades  it 
from  SSW.  to  NNE.  and  the  surface  is  in 
general  undulating,  except  near  the  Sound. 
Chief  town,  New  Haven.  Pop.  in  1820, 
39,616;  in  1830,  43,848. 

NEW  HAVEN,  city,  seaport,  and  cap.  of 
New  Haven  co.  Ct.  and  semi-capital  of  the 
state,  stands  at  the  head  of  a  bay  which  opens 
4  m.  into  the  land,  from  Long  Island  Sound. 
It  is  surrounded  by  a  beautiful  and  extensive 
plain,  bounded  on  all  sides,  except  towards  the 
water,  by  lofty  hills,  which  rise  in  some  places 
to  the  height  of  300  or  400  feet.  It  is  laid  out 
with  great  regularity  and  neatness  ;  the  streets 
are  64  feet  in  width,  and  their  intersections 
rectangular.  A  square  in  the  centre  is  laid 
out  as  a  public  ground.  It  is  adorned  with 
rows  of  handsome  shade  trees  and  spacious 
walks.  On  this  square  stand  the  public  build 
ings,  the  college  edifices,  and  4  churches.  For 
beauty,  there  are  few  squares  in  the  Union  to 
compare  with  this.  Two  of  the  churches  are 
for  Congregationalists,  and  are  very  elegant 
structures.  Another  is  for  Episcopalians,  and 
is  a  most  superb  Gothic  edifice  of  stone.  The 
state-house,  which  stands  in  front  of  this 
square,  is  one  of  the  handsomest  buildings  of 
the  kind  in  the  United  States.  This  city  con- 
tains  also  a  Methodist  meeting-house,  a  jail,  an 
alms-house,  a  museum,  an  observatory,  2  banks, 
a  large  gun  factory,  and  manufactories  of  pa 
per  and  cotton.  Yale  College,  at  this  place, 
was  founded  in  1700,  and  ranks  as  the  second 
literary  institution  in  the  Union.  The  college 
library  contains  8,500  volumes,  and  the  stu 
dents',  9,000.  The  philosophical  and  chemi 
cal  apparatus  is  excellent  and  complete.  The 
faculty  consists  of  a  president,  10  professors, 
and  5  tutors.  The  whole  number  of  stu 
dents  in  1829,  divided  among  the  departments 
of  law,  medicine,  theology,  and  the  academic 
course,  was  496.  Of  this  number,  the  college 
students  made  269.  The  requisites  for  admis 
sion  into  the  freshman  class,  are,  a  good  know 
ledge  of  Cicero's  Select  Orations,  Virgil,  Sal- 
lust,  Graeca  Minora,  the  Greek  Testament,  and 
common  Arithmetic.  The  candidate  must  also 
be  14  years  of  age.  The  following  is  the 
course  of  study :  1st  year,  Livy,  five  first  books, 
Homer,  5  or  6  books,  Geography,  Webber's 
Arithmetic,  Day's  Algebra,  Adams'  Roman 
Antiquities ;  2d  year,  Horace,  Graeca  Majora, 
Murray's  English  Grammar,  Elements  of  His 
tory  and  Chronology,  Euclid,  Plain  Trigonom 
etry,  Mensuration,  Surveying,  Navigation,  Co 
nic  Sections,  Spherical  Geometry  and  Trigo 
nometry,  and  Rhetoric ;  3d  year,  Cicero  de  Or- 
atore,  and  de  Officiis,  Tacitus'  History,  5  books, 
de  Vita  Agricola,  and  de  Moribus  Germanorum, 
Graeca  Majora,  1st  vol.  finished,  Vince's  Flux 
ions,  Enfield's  Natural  Philosophy  and  Astron 
omy,  Ferguson's  History  of  Civil  Society,  and 
Chemistry ;  4th  year,  Hebrew,  Natural  Philo 
sophy,  and  Chemistry  continued,  Locke  on  the 
Human  Understanding,  Hedge's  Logic,  Blair's 


Jf>0 


NEW— NEW 


Rhetoric,  Puley's  Moral  Philosophy,  Natural 
Theology,  and  Evidences  of  Christianity.  The 
students  attend  the  lectures  of  the  several  pro 
fessors  on  their  respective  branches,  and  have 
frequent  exercises  in  speaking  and  composi 
tion.  Commencement  is  held  on  the  2d  Wed 
nesday  in  September.  There  are  3  vacations ; 
the  1st  from  commencement,  6  weeks;  the  2d 
from  the  2d  Wednesday  in  January,  3  weeks; 
the  3d  from  the  Wednesday  immediately  pre 
ceding-  the  2d  Thursday  in  May,  3  weeks. 
The  whole  number  of  graduates  up  to  1830, 
was  4,355,  of  whom  1,257  had  devoted  them 
selves  to  the  ministry.  There  is  connected 
with  the  college,  a  Medical  Institution,  which 
was  established  in  1813,  and  has  4  professors, 
one  of  materia  medica  and  botany,  one  of  the 
theory  and  practice  of  physic,  surgery,  and  ob 
stetrics,  one  of  Chemistry  and  pharmacy,  and 
one  of  anatomy  and  physiology.  The  Medical 
College  is  an  elegant  edifice  of  stone.  There 
are  belonging  to  this  department  a  valuable 
anatomical  museum,  and  a  medical  library. 
The  lectures  commence  on  the  1st  of  Novem 
ber.  The  course  of  each  professor  includes 
about  100  lectures.  New  Haven  is  the  largest 
eeaport  in  the  state.  A  large  amount  of  ship 
ping  is  owned  here.  Steam-boats  run  daily 
between  it  and  New  York.  Pop.  10,180. 

NEW  HAVEN,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1,410. 

NEW  HAVEN,  v.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

NEW  HAVEN,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  and 
containing  New  Haven  city.  Pop.  in  1820, 
8,326;  in  1830, 10,678. 

NEW  HAVEN,  t.  in  the  S.  borders  of  Hu 
ron  co.  Ohio. 

NEW  HAVEN,  v.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  129 
m.  SW.  from  Columbus. 

NEW  HAVEN,  v.  Gallatin  co.  II.  74  m. 
SSE.  from  Vandalia. 

NEW  HOLLAND,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  13 
m.  NE.  from  Lancaster. 

NEW  HOPE,  v.  Spartansburg  district,  S.C. 

NEW  HOPE,  v.  Hancock  co.  Geo.  20  m. 
from  Milledgeville. 

NEW  IBERIA,  v.  Louisiana,  parish  of  St. 
Martin's,  on  the  right  bank  of  Teche,  48  in. 
above  its  mouth,  consisting  of  one  street  along 
the  river,  containing  about  40  houses,  and  200 
inhabitants.  The  bank  is  here  something 
higher  than  it  is  either  above  or  below ;  schoon 
ers  drawing  4  or  5  feet  water  come  up  to  New 
Iberia  at  all  seasons.  Lat.  30°  N. 

NEWINGTON,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Great  Bay,  5  in.  NW.  from 
Portsmouth.  Pop.  549. 

NEW  INLET,  coast  of  N.  J.  See  Little 
Eggharbor. 

NEW  INLET,  one  of  the  mouths  of  Cape 
Fear  river,  N.  C. 

NEW  IPSWICH,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. 
52  m.  N.  from  Boston.  It  contains  an  academy 
and  a  number  of  mills.  Pop.  1,673. 

NEW  JERSEY,  one  of  the  states  of  the 
U.S.  See  page  74. 

NEW  KENT,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  Pa 
munky  river,  E.  by  James  City  co.  S.  by  Charles 


City  and  Henrico  cos.  and  W.  by  Hanover  co. 
Pop.  6,457.  Chief  town,  New  Kent  C.  H. 

NEW  LEBANON,  v.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  road  from  Pittsfield  to  Albany,  24  m. 
from  the  latter  place.  This  town  is  remarka 
ble  for  a  tepid  spring  which  has  become  a 
watering  place  of  much  resort.  The  Shakers 
own  3,000  acres  of  land  in  this  town,  and  have 
a  very  flourishing  settlement  near  Lebanon 
village. 

NEW  LEBANON,  v.  Camden  co.  N.  C. 
220  m.  NE.  from  Raleigh. 

NEW  LEXINGTON,  v.  Richland  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  Mohican  creek,  10  m.  from 
Belleville. 

NEW  LEXINGTON,  v.  Knox  co.  Ohio, 
13  m.  E.  from  Mount  Vernon. 

NEW  LEXINGTON,  t.  in  the  eastern  part 
of  Preble  co.  Ohio,  on  Twin  creek,  upon  the 
road  from  Dayton  to  Eaton,  6  m.  E.  from 
Eaton,  19  W.  from  Dayton,  and  85  W.  by  S. 
from  Columbus. 

NEW  LEXINGTON,  v.  Scott  co.  In.  17 
m.  W.  from  Madison.  Salt  wells  have  been 
dug  here  to  the  great  depth  of  700  feet.  It 
contains  about  60  houses,  300  inhabitants,  and 
one  printing-office. 

NEW  LIBERTY,  v.  Owen  co.  Ken.  40  m. 
by  postroad  from  Frankfort. 

NEW  LISBON,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  10  m. 
SW.  from  Cooper's-town.  Pop.  2,232. 

NEW  LISBON,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
near  the  E.  side  of  Cattail  creek,  branch  of  the 
Patuxent,  and  on  Frederick  turnpike,  22  m. 
W.  from  Baltimore. 

NEW  LISBON,  nourishing  v.  and  seat  of 
justice,  Columbiana  co.  Ohio,  35  m.  S.  from 
Warren  in  Trumbull  co.  56  m.  NE.  from  Pitts- 
burg,  160  NE.  from  Columbus.  It  contains 
some  elegant  county  buildings,  a  bank,  and  2 
brick  meeting-houses.  In  the  vicinity  are  a 
furnace,  glass  factory,  paper-mill,  and  other 
valuable  mills  and  manufacturing  establish 
ments. 

NEW  LONDON,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. 
30  m.  NW.  from  Concord. 

NEW  LONDON,  SE.  co.  of  Ct.  bounded 
by  Rhode  Island  E.  by  Long  Island  Sound  S. 
by  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  W  Hartford  and  Tolland 
NW.  and  Windham  N.  Length  30  m.  mean 
width  20.  Connecticut  river  forms  part  of  its 
W.  boundary;  but  beside  this  stream,  New 
London  co.  is  in  a  remarkable  manner  in 
dented  with  bays  and  rivers.  The  soil  is  pro 
ductive  in  fruits,  grain,  and  pasturage.  Sta 
ples,  grain,  flour,  live-stock,  lumber,  fish,  &c. 
Chief  town,  New  London.  Pop.  1820,  35,943 ; 
in  1830,  42,295. 

NEW  LONDON,  city,  sea-port,  and,  alter 
nately  with  Norwich,  seat  of  justice  for  New 
London  co.  Ct.  is  situated  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Thames,  3  m.  above  its  mouth,  14  m.  be 
low  Norwich,  and  42  SE.  from  Hartford.  Lon. 
4°  E. ;  lat.  41°  N.  from  W.  Beside  the  ordi 
nary  county  buildings,  it  contains  2  banks,  a 
marine  insurance  office,  several  churches,  and 
2  or  3  printing-offices.  Having  a  depth  of  5 
fathoms  water,  the  harbor  is  the  best  between 


NEW— NEW 


351 


New  York  and  Newport,  and  is  very  seldom 
obstructed  by  ice.  The  city  is  defended  by 
forts  Griswold  and  Trumbull,  the  former  on 
Groton  side  opposite  the  city,  and  the  latter 
on  the  New  London  side  of  the  harbor.  Dis 
tance  from  W.  354  m. 

NEW  LONDON,  Ann-Arundel  co.  Md.  5 
m.  SSW.  from  Annapolis. 

NEW  LONDON,  v.  Campbell  co.  Va.  18 
m.  SW.  from  Lynchburg. 

NEW  LONDON,  t.  in  the  SE.  quarter  of 
Huron  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  407 

NEW  LONDON,  v.  Jefferson  co.  In.  on 
Ohio  river,  30  m.  above  Louisville. 

NEW  LONDON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Rails  co.  Miso.  on  Salt  river,  about  100  m. 
NW.  from  St.  Louis.  Lat.  39°  32'  N. 

NEW  LONDON,  t.  Campbell  co.  Va.  123 
m.  WSW.  from  Richmond.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  and  about  130 
houses. 

NEW  LONDON,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

NEW  LONDON  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Ches 
ter  co.  Pa. 

NEW  MADISON,  v.  Darke  co.  Ohio,  81 
m.  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Columbus. 

NEW  MADRID,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
New  Madrid  co.  Miso.  70  m.  below  the  mouth 
of  the  Ohio.  It  contains  about  60  houses  and 
300  inhabitants.  Lat.  36°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  12° 
24'  W.  from  W. 

NEW  MADRID,  co.  Miso.  bounded  by 
Mississippi  river  SE.  Arkansas  Territory  S. 
St.  Francis  river  N  W.  and  Cape  Girardeau  N. 
Length  60  m.  mean  width  25.  Staples,  In 
dian  corn,  pork,  cotton,  and  other  articles. 
Chief  town,  New  Madrid.  Pop.  in  1820, 2,296  ; 
in  1830,  2,351. 


NEWMARKET,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
11  m.  W.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  2,013.  Lam 
prey  river  falls  into  Great  Bay,  near  the  NE. 
corner  of  this  town,  where  there  is  a  consider 
able  village,  and  about  2  m.  distant  from  this 
there  is  another  pleasant  village,  containing  an 
academy.  Here  is  a  bridge  crossing  a  branch 
of  the  Piscataqua,  which  connects  this  town 
with  Stratham. 

NEWMARKET,  t.  Dorchester  co.  Md.  9 
m.  E.  from  Cambridge. 

NEWMARKET,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  13 
m.  WSW.  from  Fredericktown. 

NEWMARKET,  t.  Shenandoah  co.  Va.  22 
:n.  SSW.  from  Woodstock,  50  NE.  from  Staun- 
ton.  It  contains  a  handsome  Episcopal  church, 
and  80  or  100  houses. 

NEWMARKET,  t.  King  and  Queen  co.  Va. 

NEWMARKET,  t.  Spottsylvania  co.  Va. 

NEWMARKET,  t  Prince  William  co.  Va. 

NEWMARKET,  t.  Amherst  co.  Va.  on 
James  river,  100  m.  above  Richmond. 

NEWMARKET,  t.  Bertie  co.  N.  C. 

NEWMARKET,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio,  42 
m.  W.  from  Chillicothe,  51  E.  from  Cincinnati. 
Pop.  1,259. 

NEWMARKET,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  about 
25  m.  E.  from  Cleveland. 

NEW  MILFORD,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  16 
m.  N.  of  Danbury,  and  18  SW.  of  Litchfield, 
on  the  NE.  side  of  Housatonnuc  river.  Pop. 
3,979. 

NEW  MILLS,  v.  in  Danvers,  Mass.  2  m 
NW.  from  Salem. 

NEW  MILLS,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  8  m. 
E.  from  Mount  Holly. 

NEWNSTOWN,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  Mil 
Creek,  14  m.  ENE.  from  Harrisburg. 


NEW  ORLEANS. 


NEW  ORLEANS,  city,  port  of  entry,  and 
capital  of  Louisiana,  stands  on  the  left  bank  of 
*he  Mississippi  river,  105  m.  above  its  mouth. 
The  city  proper  contains  six  complete  squares, 
each  having  a  front  of  319  feet  in  length. 
Each  square  is  divided  into  12  lots.  Many  of 
the  streets  do  not  exceed  40  feet  in  width.  The 
public  buildings  are  a  town-house,  hospital,  the 
Cathedral  church  of  St.  Louis,  the  barracks, 


custom-house,  market-house,  5  banks,  and  two 
theatres,  one  for  French,  and  the  other  for 
American  actors.  There  is  also  a  convent  of 
Ursuline  nuns.  The  Spanish  and  French 
modes  of  building  prevail,  and  most  of  the 
houses  are  finished  outside  with  stucco,  which 
gives  the  city  rather  a  fantastic  appearance  to 
a  stranger.  The  ground  on  which  it  stands, 
is  lower  than  the  surface  of  the  river,  which 


352 


NEW— NEW 


is  confined  within  its  channel  by  an  artificial 
bank  called  the  levee,  which  was  raised  at 
great  expense,  and  extends  50  m.  The  land 
is  so  spongy  that  the  houses  are  necessarily 
without  cellars.  It  is  very  advantageously  sit 
uated  for  commerce,  the  Mississippi  and  its 
numerous  branches  wafting  to  it  the  produc 
tions  of  a  fertile  country  of  more  than  2,000 
miles  in  extent.  It  is  already  one  of  the  most 
important  commercial  ports  in  America,  and 
is  probably  destined  to  become,  at  no  distant 
period,  the  rival  of  the  first  in  Europe.  The 
harbor  presents  an  area  of  many  acres,  cover 
ed  with  all  the  grotesque  variety  of  flat-boats, 
keel-boats,  and  water  craft  of  every  descrip 
tion,  that  have  floated  from  all  points  of  the 
valley  above.  Sloops,  schooners,  brigs,  and 
ships  occupy  the  wharves,  arranged  below  each 
other,  in  the  order  of  their  size,  showing  a  for 
est  of  masts.  The  foreign  aspect  of  the  stuc 
coed  houses  in  the  city  proper,  the  massive 
buildings  of  the  Fauxbourg  St.  Mary,  the  bus 
tle  and  movement  on  every  side,  all  seen  at  one 
view  in  the  bright  coloring  of  the  brilliant  sun 
and  sky  of  the  climate,  present  a  splendid  spec 
tacle.  There  have  been  counted  in  the  harbor, 
1,500  flat-boats  at  a  time.  Steam-boats  are 
coming  and  departing  every  hour ;  and  50  are 
frequently  seen  lying  in  the  harbor  at  a  time. 
There  are  often  5  or  6,000  boatmen  from  the 
upper  country  here  ;  and  it  is  not  uncommon 
to  see  40  vessels  advertised  for  Liverpool  and 
Havre.  No  place  in  the  United  States  has  so 
much  activity  and  bustle  of  commerce,  crowd 
ed  into  so  small  a  space,  in  the  months  of  Feb 
ruary  and  March.  During  the  season  of  bring 
ing  in  the  cotton  crop,  whole  streets  are  barri 
caded  with  cotton  bales.  The  amount  of  do 
mestic  exports  from  this  city  exceeds  12  mil 
lions  of  dollars  a  year,  being  greater  than  thai 
of  any  other  city  of  the  Union,  except  New 
York,  and  nearly  equalling  that.  The  great 
est  items  that  make  this  amount,  are  sugar 
and  cotton.  Its  advantages  of  communication 
with  the  country,  immediately  adjacent  to  it, 
have  been  overlooked,  in  comparison  with  those 
of  its  relation  to  the  upper  country.  But  even 
in  these  respects  it  is  unrivalled.  By  the  basin 
of  the  canal,  and  the  Bayou  St.  John,  it  com 
municates  with  Lake  Ponchartrain,  and  the 
connected  lakes;  with  the  opposite  Florida 
shore,  with  Mobile,  Pensacola,  and  the  whole 
Gulf  shore,  east  and  west.  Not  a  few  vessels 
clear  from  the  basin  for  the  Atlantic  and  Mex 
ican  ports.  The  basin  is  scarcely  distant  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  ship  landing  on  the 
Mississippi.  A  person  on  the  basin  wharf 
can  see  the  masts  of  the  vessels,  lying  on  the 
shore  of  the  levee,  and  yet  a  vessel  sailing 
from  the  basin,  would  have  to  sail  through  the 
lakes  along  the  Gulf  shore,  and  up  the  Missis 
sippi,  some  hundreds  of  miles,  to  arrive  at  so 
little  distance  from  her  former  position.  Even 
the  commerce  and  shipping  of  the  basin  would 
be  sufficient  for  the  support  of  a  considerable 
city.  There  is  an  incorporation,  to  connect 
the  lake  with  the  Mississippi  by  a  canal,  di 
rectly  from  the  one  to  the  other.  A  most  ne 
cessary  and  important  canal  is  also  contem- 


)lated,  for  connecting  Attakapas  with  die  city 
A  rail-road  4£  m.  in  length,  from  the  city  to 
Lake  Ponchartrain,  has  been  recently  finished. 
tt  is  perfectly  straight,  and  varies  only  16 
nches  from  a  dead  level  from  end  to  end.  No 
city  in  the  United  States  contains  such  a  vari 
ety  of  inhabitants  from  every  state  in  the 
Union,  and  from  every  nation  in  Europe ;  and 
there  are  not  a  few  from  the  Spanish  country, 
and  the  islands.  There  is  an  astonishing  con 
trast  of  manners,  language,  and  complexion. 
One  half  the  population  is  black  or  colored. 
The  French  population  probably  as  yet  pre 
dominates  over  the  American.  Among  the 
Americans,  the  inhabitants  of  the  city  of  New 
York  seem  to  have  the  greater  number,  and 
New  Orleans  has  more  intercourse  with  New 
York,  than  any  other  American  city.  The 
intercourse  with  Havana  and  Vera  Cruz  is 
great,  and  constantly  increasing.  The  college 
is  a  respectable  building,  and  has  ample  en 
dowments,  but  has,  as  yet,  done  little  for  the 
literature  of  the  country.  There  are  a  num 
ber  of  charitable  institutions  in  this  city,  of 
respectable  character ;  and  when  the  epidemic 
yellow  fever  visits  it,  the  manner  in  which  the 
inhabitants  bestow  charity,  nursing,  shelter, 
and  medical  aid  to  the  sick,  is  worthy  of  all 
praise.  A  library,  for  the  use  of  the  poorer 
reading  young  men  of  the  city,  has  been  in 
stituted,  and  in  the  extent  of  her  efficient  and 
useful  charities,  New  Orleans  is  not  far  behind 
her  Atlantic  sisters.  There  are  fewer  churches 
in  the  city,  than  in  any  other  town  of  the  same 
size  in  the  United  States.  There  are  but  three 
Catholic  places  of  worship,  one  Presbyterian, 
one  Episcopalian,  a  Mariners'  church,  a  Baptist 
and  a  Methodist  place  of  worship.  Very  little 
observance  of  the  Sabbath,  as  northern  people 
estimate  it,  is  seen  in  this  city.  It  is  well 
known,  that  the  forms  of  the  Catholic  worship 
do  not  forbid  amusements  on  the  Sabbath. 
The  city  and  Fauxbourgs  (suburbs)  contain 
ed,  in  1830,  46,310  inhabitants.  It  is  about 
1,000  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and 
1,203  m.  from  Washington. 

NEW  ORLEANS,  parish,  La.  including 
the  city  of  New  Orleans,  bounded  by  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico  S.  the  interior  of  Lafourche  and 
German  coast  W.  Lake  Ponchartrain  N.  the 
Rigolets  and  Lake  Borgne  NE.  and  Plaque- 
mine  E.  Length  80  m.  mean  width  16.  It 
lies  between  lat.  29°  14'  and  30°  12'  N.  Pop. 
exclusive  of  the  city,  3,793.  Chief  town,  New 
Orleans. 

NEW  PALTZ,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  15  m. 
below  Kingston  landing,  and  7  m,  S.  from 
Poughkeepsie.  Pop.  5,105. 

NEW  PALTZ  LANDING,  v.  Ulster  co. 
N.  Y.  on  Hudson  river,  opposite  Poughkeepsie. 

NEW  PARIS,  v.  Preble  co.  Ohio,  92  m.  a 
little  S.  of  W.  from  Columbus. 

NEW  PHILADELPHIA,  v.  and  seat  of 
justice,  Tusearawas  co,  Ohio.  It  is  situated 
on  the  left  bank  of  Muskingum  river,  on  a 
beautiful  plain,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Sugar 
creek.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  seve 
ral  stores,  and  410  inhabitants.  It  is  50  m. 
NE.  from  Zanesville,  and  314  from  W. 


NEW— NEW 


353 


NEW  PHILADELPHIA,  v.  Hardin  co. 
Ken.  5  m.  from  Ohio  river,  30  above  Louisville. 

NEWPORT,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  8  m.  E. 
of  Claremont,  42  WNW.  of  Concord.  Here  is 
a  cotton  manufactory. 

NEWPORT,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me. 

NEWPORT,  co.  R.  I.    Pop.  16,534. 

NEWPORT,  t.  s-p.  and  cap.  Newport  co. 
on  SW.  end  of  the  island  of  Rhode  Island,  5  m. 
from  the  sea,  15  S.  from  Bristol,  30  S.  by  E. 
from  Providence,  55  E.  by  N.  from  New  Lon 
don,  71  S.  by  W  from  Boston.  Lon.  71°  19' 
W.;  lat.  41°  25'  N.  Pop.  8,010.  Among  the 
public  and  other  principal  buildings  are,  a 
state-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  2  banks,  2  in- 
surance-offices,  a  public  library  containing 
1,600  volumes,  and  11  houses  of  public  wor 
ship,  2  for  Congregationalists,  3  for  Baptists, 
1  for  Sabbatarians  or  Seventh-day  Baptists,  1 
for  Episcopalians,  1  for  Friends,  1  for  Metho 
dists,  1  for  Moravians,  and  a  Jews'  Synagogue. 
It  has  a  very  spacious  and  safe  harbor,  where 
a  large  fleet  may  ride  at  anchor,  defended  by 
three  forts.  Newport  was  once  the  greatest 
commercial  seaport  in  the  state,  but  its  pros 
perity  has  of  late  years  greatly  declined. 

NEWPORT,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  20  m. 
N.  from  Herkimer,  95  NW.  from  Albany. 

NEWPORT,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 

NEWPORT,  t.  Newcastle  co.  Delaware,  on 
Christiana  creek,  3  m.  SW.  from  Wilmington, 
31  SW.  from  Philadelphia.  It  contains  about 
30  houses. 

NEWPORT,  t.  Charles  co.  Md.  11  m.  SE 
from  Port  Tobacco. 

NEWPORT,  t.  Wood  co.  Va.  on  the  Ohio, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Little  Kenhawa,  opposite 
Belpre. 

NEWPORT,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  Ohio,  11  m.  ENE.  from  Marietta.  « 

NEWPORT,  t.  and  cap.  Campbell  co.  Ken. 
on  the  Ohio,  opposite  Cincinnati,  and  just  above 
the  entrance  of  the  Licking,  which  separates  it 
from  Covington,  498  m.  from  W.  It  is  situ 
ated  on  an  elevated  and  beautiful  plain,  com 
manding  a  fine  prospect  of  Cincinnati  and 
Covington,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
a  bank,  a  market-house,  an  academy,  and  a 
U.  S.  arsenal. 

NEWPORT,  t.  and  cap.  Cocke  co.  Ten. 

NEWPORT,  t.  Liberty  co.  Geo.  34  m. 
from  Savannah. 

NEWPORT,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into  the 
sea. 

NEW  PRESTON,  v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  10 
m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Litchfield,  and  43  a  little 
S.  of  W.  from  Hartford. 

NEW  PROSPECT,  v.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  88 
m.  NE.  from  Trenton. 

NEW  PROVIDENCE,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J. 
12  m.  W.  from  Newark.  Pop.  910. 

NEW  RICHMOND,  v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio, 
containing  600  inhabitants.  It  stands  on  Ohio 
river,  15  m.  SW.  from  Williamsburg. 

NEW  RIVER,  small  stream  of  Onslow  co. 
N.  C.  entering  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  New  In 
let,  45  m.  WSW.  from  Cape  Lookout. 

NEW  RIVER,  small  r,  of  Beaufort  district 
2U 


S.  C.  falling  into  the  estuary  of  Savannah  river, 
18  m.  E.  from  Savannah. 

NEW  RIVER,  r.  of  La.  draining  the  angle 
jetween  the  Mississippi  and  Amite  rivers, 
flows  E.  and  falls  into  the  western  extremity 
of  Lake  Maurepas. 

NEW  ROCHELLE,  v.  Westchester  co. 
V.  Y.  planted  originally  by  French  Huguenots. 
It  lies  20  m.  NE.  of  the  city  of  New  York. 

NEW  ROWLEY,  v.  Essex  co.  Mass.  35 
NNE.  from  Boston. 

NEW  RUMLEY,  v.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  11 
m.  northerly  from  Cadiz,  and  130  NE.  from 
Columbus. 

NEWRY,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  24  m.  NW.  of 
Paris.  Pop.  345. 

NEWRY,  v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 

NEW  SWITZERLAND,  v.  Switzerland 
co.  Ohio,  on  the  right  bank  of  Ohio  river,  65 
in.  below  Cincinnati.  The  inhabitants  are 
mostly  Swiss  emigrants,  who  have  made  some 
not  unsuccessful  attempts  to  cultivate  the  vine. 

NEWTON,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass,  on  the 
river  Charles,  opposite  Needham,  9  m.  W.  of 
Boston.  Pop.  2,377.  The  falls  on  the  river 
between  Newton  and  Needham  afford  many 
excellent  mill-seats ;  and  on  the  Newton  side 
there  are  five  paper-mills,  iron  manufactories, 
several  snuff-mills,  &c. 

NEWTON,  t.  and  cap.  Sussex  eo.  N.  J.  106 
m.  NNE.  from  Philadelphia,  76  N.  from  Tren 
ton,  288  from.  W.  It  is  a  pleasant  and  flour, 
ishing  town,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
an  academy,  a  bank,  a  printing-office,  a  Pres 
byterian  church,  about  50  compact  houses,  and 
has  a  manufactory  of  iron  carried  on  in  a  fur- 
nace  and  4  forges.  Here  is  a  remarkable  cave 
called  the  Devil's  Hole. 

NEWTON,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa. 

NEWTON,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Peu 

NEWTON,  t.  Licking  eo.  Ohio.   Pop.  879 

NEWTON,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio.    Pop..  715. 

NEWTON,  t.  Muskingum  eo.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,361. 

NEWTON,  t.  Trumbull  eo.  Ohio. 

NEWTOWN,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  10 
m.  NNW.  from  Newburyport,  26  SW.  from 
Portsmouth.  Pop.  665. 

NEWTOWN,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  9  m,E.  by 
N.  from  Danbury,  25  WNW.  from  New  Ha- 
ven.  Pop.  3,099.  It  is  a  pleasant  townr  and 
contains  an  academy. 

NEWTOWN,  t.  Queens  co.  N.  Y.  on  Long 
Island,  8  m.  E.  from  New  York.  Pop.  2,610. 
Near  the  centre  of  the  township  there  is  a 
pleasant  vilkge  containing  3  houses  of  public 
worship.  From  this  place  come  those  well- 
known  apples,  called  u  Newtown  Pippins." 

NEWTOWN,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  10  m.  W. 
from  Trenton,  22  NNE.  from  Philadelphia.  It 
is  situated  on  a  branch  of  the  Nashiminy,  and 
contains  a  Presbyterian  church,  an  academy, 
&c.  and  was  formerly  the  seat  of  justice  for 
the  county. 

NEWTOWN,  t.  Gloucester  eo.  N.  J.  Pop. 
3,298. 

NEWTOWN,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md. 

NEWTOWN,  v.  Worcester  oo.  Md> 


854 


NEWTOWN,  v.  King  and  Queen  co.  Va. 
41  m.  NE.  from  Richmond. 

NEWTOWN,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va.  55  m.fh  W. 

NEWTOWN,  v.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  Lit 
tle  Miami,  6  m.  above  its  mouth. 

NEWVILLE,  v.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  79  m. 
NW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

NEWVILLE,  v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  12  m. 
nearly  W.  from  Carlisle. 


NEW— NEW 

NEWVILLE,  v.  Barnwell  district,  S.  C 
110  m.  SW.  from  Columbia. 

NEW  WASHINGTON,  v.  Clarke  co.  In. 
105  m.  SSE.  from  Indianapolis. 

NEW  WINDSOR,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  W.  side  of  Hudson  river,  60  m.  N.  of  New 
York,  and  95  S.  of  Albany.  Pop.  2,310. 

NEW  WOODSTOCK,  v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 

NEW  YORK,  one  of  the  U.  S.    See  p.  66. 


NEW  YORK,  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


NEW  YORK,  city  and  co.  of  New  York, 
situated  on  Manhattan  Island,  between  Hud 
son  river,  East  river,  New  York  Bay,  and 
Haerlem  river.  Lat.  40°  42'  N.  and  Ion.  74° 
W.  from  London,  and  3°  E.  from  W.  143  m. 
below  Albany,  90  NE.  from  Philadelphia,  and 
210  SW.  from  Boston.  Manhattan  Island, 
which  forms  the  county  of  New  York,  is  about 
12  m.  long,  and  has  an  average  width  of  1J, 
containing  about  18  sq.  ms.  The  city  of  New 
York  is  the  grand  commercial  emporium  of 
the  United  States.  The  harbor  is  deep,  safe, 
and  not  subject  to  be  frozen,  and  so  spacious 
as  to  accommodate  any  number  of  vessels  of 
any  size.  The  shipping  belonging  to  this  port 
exceeds  350,000  tons.  In  its  exterior,  New 
York  lias  a  more  imposing  appearance  than 
any  other  city  in  the  V  States.  Its  principal 
street,  Broadway,  which  nearly  bisects  the 
city,  is  80  feet  wide,  and  more  than  3  m.  in 
length,  and  generally  built  up  with  noble  and 
elegant  buildings.  The  Battery  is  a  place  of 
great  public  resort  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
island.  Castle  Garden  is  also  much  frequented. 
The  Park  is  a  beautiful  common,  finely  shaded 
with  trees,  and  contains  6  acres  of  ground. 
In  this  square  stands  the  City  Hall,  a  superb 
and  massive  structure  of  white  marble,  216  ft. 
in  length  by  105  in  breadth.  It  contains  the 
Police  Office,  the  Municipal  Court  rooms,  and 
the  Common  Council  chamber,  ornamentefl 
with  portraits  of  distinguished  revolutionary 
heroes. 


The  New  York  Institution  is  of  brick,  260 
feet  by  44,  and  is  appropriated  to  associations 
of  literature  and  the  fine  arts,  such  as  the  Lit 
erary  and  Philosophical  Society,  the  Historical 
Society  with  its  library,  the  American  Acade 
my  of  Fine  Arts  with  its  paintings,  and  the 
New  York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  with 
its  collections.  The  University  is  in  a  central 
point.  The  building  is  of  stone,  200  feet  in 
length,  and  3  stories  high.  The  state  prison, 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city,  is  204  feet  in 
length,  by  200  in  depth,  and  is  built  of  free- 
stone.  The  Alms  House  is  still  further  east. 
It  is  an  inclosure,  containing  the  work-house 
and  penitentiary.  The  dimensions  of  the  first 
are  320  by  50  feet,  the  next  200  by  25,  and 
the  third  250  by  50.  The  Park  Theatre  and 
the  Bowery  Theatre  are  conspicuous  build- 
ings.  St.  Paul's  church,  containing  the  monu 
ment  and  remains  of  Gen.  Montgomery,  and 
Trinity  church,  are  spacious  Episcopalian 
churches,  both  in  conspicuous  points  on  Broad 
way.  St.  John's  church  in  Hudson  Square, 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  city,  has  the  tallest 
spire  in  New  York.  The  Medical  College  is 
a  large  and  conspicuous  edifice.  The  estab 
lishment  is  amply  endowed,  and  generally 
contains  from  2  to  300  medical  students.  The 
following  are  all  spacious  public  buildings : 
Clinton  Hall,  the  Bible  Society's  Depository, 
the  American  Tract  Society's  buildings,  both 
in  Nassau-street,  the  Arcade,  and  the  Arcade 
Baths,  the  New  York  Baths,  the  Public  Ma- 


NEW— NEW 


355 


rine  Bath,  the  Manhattan  Water  Works,  the 
Exhibition  Room  of  the  National  Academy  of 
the  Arts  of  Design,  Rutgers'  Medical  College 
and  Public  School,  Masonic  Hall,  Orphan  Asy 
lum,  Fever  Hospital,  House  of  Refuge  for  ju 
venile  delinquents,  Lunatic  Asylum,  the  City 
Hotel,  the  Mansion  House,  the  National  Hotel, 
the  Franklin  House,  Tammany  Hall,  and 
many  other  spacious  hotels.  The  city  has  10 
market-houses,  14  or  15  banks,  between  20  and 
30  insurance  offices,  over  100  houses  of  public 


worship,  of  which  those  of  Episcopalians, 
Presbyterians,  Dutch  Reformed,  and  Metho 
dists  are  the  most  numerous.  There  are  8 
spacious  buildings  appropriated  to  public 
schools,  valued  with  their  furniture  at  $150,000. 
The  High  School  of  this  city  is  an  interesting 
institution,  and  the  largest  establishment  of 
the  kind  in  the  U.  States.  There  are  a  num 
ber  of  public  libraries.  The  Sunday  Schools 
and  Infant  Schools  are  efficient  and  useful 
establishments. 


EXCHANGE,  NEW  YORK. 


The  New  York  Exchange  fronting  upon 
Wall-street,  is  also  of  white  marble,  and  adorn 
ed  with  columns  in  front.  It  contains  the  Ex 
change,  Post  Office,  Commercial  Reading 
Rooms,  insurance  offices,  and  offices  of  several 
daily  papers.  The  cupola  commands  a  fine 
view  of  the  city,  and  is  surmounted  with  a  tel 
egraph,  by  which  ship-arrivals  are  announced 
when  at  the  distance  of  more  than  30  m.  from 
the  city. 

Columbia  College  was  founded  in  1754 ;  it 
has  a  president,  five  professors,  and  the  num 
ber  of  students  ranges  from  120  to  150.  The 
libraries  contain  14,000  volumes.  Commence 
ment  is  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  August ;  vaca 
tion  from  commencement  to  the  first  Monday 
in  October.  A  proposal  has  lately  been  made 
in  the  city,  to  erect  a  university  which  should 
be  suited  to  the  demands  of  all  classes.  This 
has  called  forth  from  Columbia  college  a  new 
and  improved  plan,  intended  to  meet  the  de 
mands.  1.  The  course  of  instruction  now  ex 
isting,  is  to  be  maintained  and  denominated 


7.  The  two  courses  may  be  united  at  the  lee- 
tures.  8.  Various  public  bodies  in  New  York 
are  entitled  to  have  two  students  always  in  the 
college,  free  of  all  charges  of  tuition ;  every 
school  from  which,  in  any  one  year,  4  students 
shall  be  admitted  into  college,  shall  have  the 
privilege  of  sending  one  free  of  expense ;  every 
religious  denomination  in  the  city  may  edu 
cate  one  who  is  designed  for  the  ministry,  free 
of  expense.  The  above  course  embraces  lyce- 
um,  high  school,  and  college  instruction.  The 
number  of  graduates,  since  the  establishment 
of  the  college,  to  and  including  the  year  1831, 
is  about  1,100.  There  are  now  in  the  college 
about  100. 

The  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeon* 
was  founded  in  the  year  1807,  by  an  act  of  the 
legislature  of  New  York,  at  the  recommenda 
tion  of  the  Regents  of  the  University,  by  whosa 
immediate  government  it  is  controlled.  Lec 
tures  commence  on  the  first  Monday  of  No 
vember  annually,  and  continue  four  months. 
Degrees  conferred  by  the  Regents  of  the  Uni- 


the  full  course.    Another  course  is  established,  j  versity  at  the  recommendation  of  the  board  of 
called  the  literary  and  scientific  course;  the  |  trustees.     The  college  building  is  situated  in 


whole,  or  any  part  of  which,  matriculated  stu 
dents  may  attend.  2.  Those  in  the  scientific 
and  literary  course  shall  study  the  modern 
languages,  instead  of  the  Latin  and  Greek.  In 
other  studies,  the  two  courses  are  similar,  ex 
cept  that  the  literary  and  scientific  has  some 
additional  studies.  3.  Persons  not  matricu 
lated,  may  attend  the  literary  and  scientific 
course.  4.  Matriculated  students,  who  shall 
pass  through  the  new  course,  shall  receive  tes 
timonials  of  the  same.  5.  The  fees  in  the 
new  course  shall  not  exceed  $15  per  annum 
for  each  professor.  6.  Enlarged  instruction 
shall  be  given  in  Greek  and  Roman  literature. 


Barclay  street,  New  York.     The  whole  ex 
pense  of  all  the  courses  is  $100. 

The  government  of  the  city  of  New  York 
is  composed  of  a  mayor,  10  aldermen,  and  10 
assistants.  This  city  has  been  constantly  and 
rapidly  increasing  for  the  last  30  or  40  years. 
It  more  than  doubled  its  population  within  the 
last  20  years.  Packets  sail  from  New  York 
to  Liverpool  and  London  every  week ;  to  Havre 
every  10  days,  and  to  Hull,  Greenwich,  Bel 
fast,  Vera  Cruz,  Carthagena,  and  all  the  chief 
ports  of  the  United  States  at  different  times. 
It  is  the  second  commercial  city  in  the  world, 
as  the  amount  of  shipping  owned  here  is  equal 


356 


NEW— NIC 


to  more  than  half  that  of  London.  During 
the  year  1830,  there  arrived  1,489  vessels  from 
foreign  ports ;  sailed  for  foreign  ports  1,138 ; 
entered  coastwise  1,332,  cleared  coastwise 
3,474 ;  total  arrived  and  departed  7,433.  The 
revenue  collected  at  the  custom-house  in  1829 
was  13,052,676  dollars ;  being  more  than  half 
the  whole  revenue  of  the  United  States  from 
foreign  commerce. 

CITY   EXPENSES   AND   REVENUE   FOR    1832. 

Expenses. 

The  Comptroller  estimates  the  expenses  of  the 
city,  for  1832    (including  interest  on  debt  $50,000) 

at $600,475  00 

Revenue. 
From  rents,  auction  duties, 

licenses,  &c $159,000  00 

The  amount  to  be  raised  by 

taxes  in  1832 550,000  00 

709,000  00 

Leaving  an  amount  to  apply  1 

to  contingencies  and  deficien-  V  ...  108,525  00 
cies  of  former  years  of  .  .  ) 

Licenses  in  1831. 

45  Licensed  Lottery  Offices  which  pay  $250  each — 

one-half  to  the  Public  Schools  of  the  city, 

and  one-half  to  the  New-York  Deaf  and 

Dumb  Institution. 

9997  Grocery  and  Tavero  Licenses,  were  issued  in 

1831. 

2350  Cartrnen's  Licenses,  do. 

130  Porters'  Licenses,  do. 

200  Hackney  Coach  Licenses,  do. 

67  Stage  Licenses,  do. 

25  Licenses  for  Dealers  in  second-hand  articles. 
12  Pawnbrokers'  Licenses. 
40  Master  Chimney  Sweeps,  with  an  average  of  2 

boys  to  each. 

1  General  Patentee  for  Patent  Sweeps. 
The  number  of  watchmen  at  present  employed  in 
the  city,  including  their  officers,  is  546.    Annual  ex- 
fens*  to  the  city,  $90,000. 

CENSUS    OF    NEW    YORK    FOR    1830, 

Taken  from  the  Marshal's  Returns. 
White.  Males.  Females. 

Under  5  years 13,644 13,265 

5  to    10     10,357 10,665 

10  to    15 8,656 9,802 

15  to    20    .....     9,918 11,556 

20  to    30 21,409 22,556 

30  to   40 13,659 12,916 

40  to    50 6,625 6,694 

50  to    60 3,207 3,702 

60  to    7Q 1,468 1,793 

70  to   80 479 

€0to   96 «0 178 

90  to  106 14 31 

100  and  upwards  .          7 2 

Total 89,523 93,826 

Colored.                   Males.  Females. 

Under  10  years 1,261 1,431 

Iflto    20    ....  1,358  ..........  2,135 

20  to    36    ....   1,774 2,495 

36  to   55    ....   1,269 ,  .  1,530 

55  to  100    ....       371 449 

100  and  upwards          5 5 


Total 


.  6,038  .  . 


8,045 


Total  persons  classed  ...... 

Persons  returned  not  classed 


197,432 
5,525 


Total 202,957 

For  further  statistical  information,  see  page  71. 
NEW  YORK,  t.  Albemarle  co.  Va.  23  m 
W.  from  Charlotte. 

NEW  YORK,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio. 
NEXAPA,  t.  Mexico,  15  m.  W.  from  Oax 


NIAGARA,  r.  in  N.  America,  which  car 
ries  the  surplus  waters  of  lakes  Superior,  Mich 
igan,  Huron,  and  Erie  into  lake  Ontario.  Its 
general  course  from  lake  Erie  to  lake  Ontario 
is  N.  For  the  first  2  miles  its  current  is  rapid 
— it  then  becomes  smooth  and  gentle,  with  a 
width  varying  from  half  a  mile  to  a  mile  and 
a  half,  and  flows  7  m.  to  Grand  Isle,  where  it 
divides  into  two  large  branches,  which  unite 
again  at  the  foot  of  this  island  (which  is  18  m. 
long)  three  miles  above  the  Great  Falls.  Its 
width  here  is  upwards  of  a  mile ;  but  now  its 
breadth  gradually  diminishing  as  its  velocity 
increases,  it  becomes  reduced  to  f  of  a  mile  in 
width,  when  its  waters  are  poured  down  a 
precipice  of  160  feet  perpendicular,  accompa 
nied  with  a  tremendous  roar,  which  is  heard 
at  the  distance  of  15  miles.  There  is  a  small 
island  in  the  river  just  above  the  brink  of  the 
falls,  which  divides  the  stream  in  two  parts, 
but  they  unite  long  before  they  reach  the  bed 
of  the  river  below.  This  river,  which  is  the 
boundary  line  between  N.  Y.  and  Upper  Canada, 
is  35  m.  in  length.  This  stupendous  cataract 
is  justly  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  sublime 
and  imposing  spectacles  exhibited  in  nature. 
It  may  well  be  supposed  that  so  magnificent  a 
spectacle  should  attract  thousands  of  visitors. 
It  has  become  a  place  of  great  fashionable  re 
sort  ;  and  during  the  summer  months,  it  is 
thronged  with  visitors  from  every  quarter  of 
the  civilized  world.  It  may  appear  singular, 
yet  it  is  affirmed  to  be  true,  that  some  persons 
have  lived  and  grown  old  within  hearing  of 
the  roar  of  these  falls  without  ever  having  seen 
them,  while  many  have  made  journeys  of 
thousands  of  miles  for  the  purpose,  and  thought 
themselves  richly  rewarded  for  their  curiosity. 

NIAGARA,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Lake 
Ontario,  E.  by  Genesee  co.  S.  by  Tonnewanta 
creek  which  separates  it  from  Erie  co.  and  W. 
by  Niagara  river.  Pop.  18,485.  Chief  town, 
Lock  port, 

NIAGARA,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  Niaga 
ra  nver,  just  above  the  falls. 

NIAGARA,  t.  and  fort,  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  Niagara,  at  its  entrance  into  Lake  On 
tario,  15m.  below  the  great  falls.  It  was  taken 
by  the  British  in  1813,  and  the  town  was  de 
stroyed,  but  has  since  been  rebuilt  in  a  better 
style  than  before.  Pop.  1,401. 

NICHOLAS,  co.  of  Western  Va.  formed  in 
1818,  of  a  part  of  Greenbrier  co.  Pop.  3,349, 
of  whom  120  are  colored.  Seat  of  justice, 
Nicholas  C.  H. 

NICHOLAS,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  8,832.  Chief 
town,  Carlisle. 

NICHOLAS  ISLAND,  small  island  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Cuba.  Lon.  79°  40'  W. ;  lat.  23° 
15' N. 

NICHOLASVILLE,  t  and  cap.  Jessamine 
oo.  Ken.  20  m.  SW.  from  Lexington,  and  546 
from  W,  Pop.  409, 

NICOLET,  r.  L,  C,  rises  in  Buckingham 
co.  by  two  sources,  which  flow  NW.  between 
Becan9our  and  St.  Francis  rivers,  unite  about 
60  m.  and  fall  into  the  lower  end  of  Lake  St, 
Peter,  10  miles  above  Three  Rivers. 


NIL-NOR 


357 


NILE,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio. 

NIMISHILLEN  CREEK,  considerable 
Btream,  rising  in  the  northern  part  of  Stark 
co.  Ohio,  and  running  from  thence  a  S.  direc 
tion  above  40  m.  into  the  NE.  quarter  of  Tus- 
carawas  co.  where  it  unites  with  Sandy  creek, 
when  the  joint  stream  flows  W.  5  m.  into  the 
E.  side  of  Tuscarawas  river. 

NIMISHILLEN,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio,  situated 
on  the  above  described  creek,  north-easterly 
from  Canton.  Pop.  1,336. 

NIMMONS  MILLS,  v.  Wayne  co.  Ohio, 
92  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

NINE  BRIDGES,  v.  Queen  Anne's  co.  Md. 

NINE  PARTNERS,  N.  Y.  a  tract  of  land, 
granted  to  9  partners,  or  proprietors,  now  com 
prised  within  the  towns  of  Amenia,  Clinton, 
Stanford,  and  Washington. 

NINEVEH,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

NIPEGON  LAKE,  U.C.  lies  to  the  north 
ward  of  Lake  Superior,  about  half-way  between 
it  and  Albany  river,  James'  Bay. 

NIPISSING  LAKE,  lies  NE.  of  Lake  Hu- 
ron,  and  is  connected  with  it  by  the  river 
Francois. 

NITTANY,  mt.  Pa,  which  commences  in 
Centre  co.  and  extends  between  Ly  com  ing  and 
Northumberland  cos.  almost  to  the  W.  branch 
of  the  Susquehannah. 

NIXON'S,  v.  Maury  co.  Ten.  50  m.  SE. 
from  Murfreesborough. 

NIXONTON,  t.  Pasquotank  co.  N.  C.  on 
Little  river,  28  m.  ENE.  from  Edenton. 

NOBLE,  NE.  t.  of  Morgan  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
859. 

NOBLEBOROUGH,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine. 
Pop.  1,876.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Ken- 
nebeck  river. 

NOBLESVILLE,  v.  Hamilton  co.  In.  25m. 
N.  from  Indianapolis. 

NODDLE'S  ISLAND,  isl.  Mass,  in  Boston 
harbor,  f  of  a  mile  from  Long  Wharf,  Boston. 
A  strong  fortress,  called  Fort  Strong,  is  built 
on  this  island. 

NOLACHUCKY,  r.  Ten.  and  N.  C.  rises  in 
the  northern  part  of  Buncombe  co.  of  the  latter, 
and  flowing  W.  enters  Carter  co.  in  the  for 
mer,  and  crossing  Carter,  Washington,  and 
Greene,  joins  the  French  Broad  r.  40  m.  above 
its  junction  with  the  Holston  at  Knoxville. 

NOLIN'S  CREEK,  r.  Hardin  co.  Ken. 
which  runs  WSW.  into  Green  river. 

NOMISNY  BAY,  bay  in  the  river  Potomac, 
on  the  coast  of  Virginia.  Lon.  76°  50'  W. ; 
lat  38°  11'  N. 

NONESUCH,  r.  Me.  which  runs  through 
Scarborough  Into  the  sea.  It  received  its  name 
on  account  of  its  extraordinary  freshets. 

NOQUET'S  BAY,  bay  in  NW.  Territory, 
on  NW.  coast  of  Lake  Michigan.  It  is  north 
of  Green  Bay;  45  m,  long,  and  18  wide.  Lon. 
86°  20'  W. ;  lat.  45°  25'  N. 

NORFOLK,  co.  Mass,  bounded  NW.  and 
W.  by  Middlesex  co.  E.  by  Boston  harbor,  S. 
by  Plymouth  and  Bristol  cos.  and  W.  by  Rhode 
Island  and  Worcester  co.  Pop.  41,993.  Chief 
town,  Dedham. 

NORFOLK,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  18  m.  N. 
from  Litchfield,  35  WNW.  from  Hartford,  42 


ESE.  from  Hudson.  Pop.  1,485.  It  contains 
various  mills  and  manufacturing  establish 
ments,  among  which  are  2  forges  and  a  wool 
len  manufactory. 

NORFOLK,  v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct  35  m.  NW. 
by  W.  of  Hartford,  and  20  m.  N.  of  Litchfield. 

NORFOLK,  co.  SE.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Hampton  Road  and  Chesapeake  Bay, 
E.  by  Princess  Anne  co.  S.  by  North  Carolina, 
and  W.  by  Nansemond  co.  Pop.  14,998,  of 
whom  5,842  are  slaves.  Chief  towns,  Norfolk 
and  Portsmouth. 

NORFOLK,  bor.  and  port  of  entry  Norfolk 
co.  Va.  on  NE.  bank  of  Elizabeth  river,  8  m. 
above  its  entrance  into  Hampton  Road,  and 
32  from  the  sea,  110  m.  by  water  below  City 
Point,  112  ESE.  from  Richmond.  Lon.  76°  42' 
W. ;  lat.  37°  12'  N.  Pop.  9,816.  The  Farmers' 
Bank,  the  orphan  asylum,  and  the  Lancas- 
terian  school,  are  among  the  most  conspicuous 
buildings.  The  position  of  the  town  is  not 
pleasant,  being  low,  and  in  some  places  marshy; 
but  it  affords  agreeable  society,  and  the  citi 
zens  are  distinguished  for  their  hospitality.  It 
has  a  spacious  and  commodious  harbor,  strong 
ly  defended  by  3  forts.  It  has  more  maritime 
commerce  and  shipping  than  any  other  town 
in  the  state.  The  handsome  marine  hospital 
is  on  Washington  Point,  one  mile  distant,  and 
a  short  distance  up  the  river  is  a  large  U.  S. 
navy-yard.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
a  market-house,  a  theatre,  2  insurance-offices, 
3  banks,  including  a  branch  of  the  U.  S.  Bank, 
an  academy,  an  orphan  asylum,  an  athenaeum 
containing  about  1,000  volumes,  and  6  houses 
of  public  worship,  1  for  Episcopalians,  1  for 
Presbyterians,  2  for  Baptists,  1  for  Roman 
Catholics,  and  1  for  Methodists. 

NORFOLK,  co.  U.  C.  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
and  E.  by  the  co.  of  Lincoln  and  the  river 
Thames,  on  the  S.  by  Lake  Erie  until  it  meets 
the  Orwell  river,  thence  by  a  line  running  N. 
16°  W.  until  it  intersects  the  river  Thames, 
and  thence  up  the  said  river  until  it  meets  the 
NW.  boundary  of  the  co.  of  York.  It  sends, 
in  conjunction  with  the  fourth  riding  of  the  co. 
of  Lincoln,  one  representative  to  the  provincial 
parliament. 

NORFOLK,  v.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.Y.  251 
m.  NNW.  from  Albany. 

NORMAN'S  KILL,  or  Creek,  r.  Albany  co. 
N.  Y.  which  falls  into  the  Hudson,  2£  m.  S.  of 
Albany. 

NORRIDGEWOCK,  t.  and  cap.  Somerset 
co.  Me.  on  the  Kennebeck,  94  m  NNE  from 
Portland,  205  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,710. 
It  is  finely  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  river, 
is  a  very  pleasant  town,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  a  meeting-house,  and  has  con 
siderable  trade.  Here  is  an  elegant  bridge 
across  the  river. 

NORRISTOWN,  t  and  cap.  Montgomery 
co.  Pa.  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Schuylkill,  17m. 
NW.  from  Philadelphia,  143  from  W.  Lon. 
75°  23'  W.;  lat  40°  10'  N.  Pop.  1,826.  It  con- 
tains  a  court-house,  a  bank,  and  an  academy, 
and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 

NORTE,  Del,  or  Rio  Bravo  del  Norte,  river, 
Mexico,  which  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 


358 


NOR— NOR 


near  the  sources  of  the  Arkansas,  about  41° 
N.  lat.  runs  SSE.  and  empties  itself  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  Ion.  96°  40'  W. ;  lat.  26°  N. 
Length,  about  2,000  m. 

NORTH  BEND,  v.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  Ohio  r.  16  m.  below  Cincinnati,  and  520 
from  W. 

NORTH  CAROLINA,  one  of  the  U.  S. 
See  page  100. 

NORTH  CASTLE,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
33  m.  NE.  from  New  York.  Pop.  1,653. 

NORTH  EAST,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  24 
m.  NE.  from  Poughkeepsie.  Pop.  1,689. 

NORTH  EAST,  t.  Cecil  co.  Md. 

NORTH  EDISTO  INLET,  inlet,  S.  C.  11 
m.  SW.  from  Stone  Inlet 

NORTH  END,  v.  Matthews  co.  Va. 

NORTH  HAVEN,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  7 
m.  NNE.  from  New  Haven.  Pop.  1,282. 

NORTH  HEMPSTEAD,  t.  and  capital, 
Queens  co.  N.  Y.  on  Long  Island  Sound,  9  m. 
E.  from  Jamaica,  22  E.  from  New  York.  Pop. 
3,062.  The  township  is  indented  by  3  large 
bays,  and  between  two  of  them,  on  a  headland, 
ca!led  Cow  Neck,  there  is  a  light-house,  10  m. 
N.  from  the  C.  H. 

NORTH  HERO,  t.  and  cap.  Grand  Isle  co. 
Vt.  on  an  island  of  the  same  name,  in  Lake 
Champlain,  32  m.  N.  from  Burlington,  and  545 
from  W.  Pop.  638. 

NORTH  ISLAND,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Great  Pedee  River,  near  the 
coast  of  South  Carolina.  Lon.  79°  3'  W. ;  lat. 
33°  20'  N. 

NORTH  MOUNTAIN,  a  ridge  which  ex- 
tends  NE.  through  Franklin  and  Cumberland 
counties,  Pa. 

NORTH  MOUNTAIN  CREEK,  r.  N.  A. 
which  runs  into  the  Missouri,  239  m.  below 
the  Falls. 

NORTH  POINT,  cape,  on  N.  side  of  the 
entrance  of  the  Patapsco  into  Chesapeake  Bay. 

NORTH  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  which  joins  the 
Lamprey  r.  in  the  N.  part  of  Epping. 

NORTH  RIVER,  r.  N.  C.  runs  into  Albe- 
marle  Sound.  Lon.  76°  10'  W. ;  lat.  36°  6'  N. 

NORTH  RIVER,  r.  Mass,  which  runs  E. 
into  the  sea,  S.  of  Scituate. 

NORTH  RIVER.     See  Hudson  River. 

NORTH  RIVER,  branch  of  Fluvanna  river, 
in  Virginia. 

NORTH  YARMOUTH,  t.  Cumberland  co. 
Me.  on  Casco  Bay,  12  m.  NNE.  from  Portland, 
127  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  2,664.  It  is  a 
large  township,  and  contains  5  houses  of  pub 
lic  worship,  3  for  Congregation  alists,  1  for  Bap 
tists,  and  1  for  Methodists ;  an  academy,  a  so 
cial  library,  a  paper-mill,  and  has  some  trade 
in  the  fisheries. 

NORTHAMPTON,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
10  m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  767. 

NORTHAMPTON,  t.  and  cap.  Hampshire 
co.  Mass,  on  W.  bank  of  Connecticut  river,  op 
posite  Hadley,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
a  bridge,  1,060  feet  long;  18  m.  N.  from  Spring 
field,  21  S.  from  Greenfield,  40  E.  from  Pitts- 
field,  42  N.  from  Hartford,  95  W.  from  Boston. 
Lat.  42°  16'  N.  The  compact  part  of  the  town 


is  delightfully  situated,  and  contains  a  very 
elegant  brick  court-house,  a  stone  jail,  and 
several  houses  for  public  worship.  Pop,  3,613. 
It  is  376  m.  from  W. 

NORTHAMPTON,  t.  Montgomery  co. 
N.  Y.  18  m.  NW.  from  Ballston-Spa,  50  NW. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  4,392, 

NORTHAMPTON,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 
7  m.  SE.  from  Burlington.  Mount  Holly  is 
within  this  township. 

NORTHAMPTON,  co.  E.  side  of  Pa.  bound- 
ed  N.  by  Wayne  co.  E.  by  the  Delaware,  ESE. 
by  Bucks  co  SW.  by  Berks  co.  and  NW.  by 
Luzerne  co.  It  is  watered  by  the  Delaware 
and  Lehigh.  Pop.  39,267.  Chief  town,  Easton. 

NORTHAMPTON,  co.E.  side  of  Va.  bound 
ed  N.  by  Accomack  co.  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  S. 
by  the  entrance  into  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  W, 
by  Chesapeake  bay.  Pop.  8,644.  Chief  town, 
Eastville. 

NORTHAMPTON,  co.  N.  part  of  N.  C 
Pop.  13,103. 

NORTHAMPTON,  C.H.  Northampton  co. 
N.C.  80  m.  SW.  from  Norfolk,  Va.  and  about 
90  NE.  from  Raleigh.  Lat.  36°  21'  N. ;  Ion. 
from  W.  0°  30'  W. 

NORTHAMPTON,  v.  in  the  W.  borders  of 
Portage  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  W.  from  Ravenna. 
Pop.  293. 

NORTH  ATTLEBOROUGH,  v.  Bristol  co. 
Mass.  29  m.  SSW.  from  Boston,  and  12  NNE. 
from  Providence. 

NORTH  BLENHEIM,  v.  Schoharie  co. 
N.  Y.  55  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Albany,  and 
about  45  SW.  from  Schenectady. 

NORTHBOROUGH,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
11  m.  from  Worcester.  Pop.  994. 

NORTH  BROOKFIELD,  t.  Worcester  co. 
Mass.  Pop.  1,241. 

NORTH  BRANCH,  v.  N.  part  of  Somerset 
co.  N.  J.  46  m.  from  Trenton. 

NORTH  BRIDGE,  t.  on  Pawtucket  river, 
in  the  S.  part  of  Worcester  co.  Mass.  46  m, 
SW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,053. 

NORTH  BRIDGETOWN,  v.  in  the  NW. 
part  of  Cumberland  co.  Me.  43  m.  NW.  from 
Portland. 

NORTH  CASTLE,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Hudson  river,  about  16  m. 
from  King's-bridge.  Pop.  1,653. 

NORTH  EAST,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  E.  side  of  Hudson  river,  about  90  m.  N.  of 
New  York.  Pop.  1,689. 

NORTH  EAST,  v.  Erie  co.  Pa.  in  the  NE. 
angle  of  the  county,  15  m.  NE.  from  the  vil 
lage  of  Erie. 

NORTH  EAST,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md.  46  m.  NE. 
from  Baltimore. 

NORTH  EAST,  r.  Cecil  co.  Md.  flows  into 
the  Chesapeake,  5  m.  SE.  Charlestown. 

NORTHFIELD,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  9 
m.  SSW.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,412.  Here 
is  a  woollen  manufactory. 

NORTHFIELD,  t  Franklin  co.  Mass.  E. 
of  the  Connecticut  r.  8  m.  NE.  from  Green 
field,  94  WNW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,757. 
Here  is  a  handsome  village  situated  near  the 
E.  bank  of  the  river. 


NOR— OAK 


359 


NORTHFIELD,  t.  Richmond  co.  N.Y.  on 
the  NW.  part  of  Staten  Island,  5  m.  W.  from 
Southfield.  Pop.  2,171. 

NORTHUMBERLAND,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H. 
on  the  Connecticut,  7  m.  N.  from  Lancaster. 
Pop.  342. 

NORTHUMBERLAND,  t.  Saratoga  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson,  11  m.  NE.  from  Balls- 
ton-Spa,  44  N.  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,606. 

NORTHUMBERLAND,  co.  central  part 
of  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Lycoming  co.  E.  by  Co 
lumbia,  S.  by  Dauphin,  and  W.  by  the  Sus- 
quehannah  r.  It  is  watered  by  both  branches 
of  the  Susquehannah.  Pop.  18,168.  Chief 
town,  Sunbury. 

NORTHUMBERLAND,  t.  Northumber 
land  co.  Pa.  on  a  point  of  land  in  the  forks  of 
the  Susquehannah,  2  m.  N.  from  Sunbury,  124 
NW.  from  Philadelphia.  Pop.  of  the  borough, 
1,090.  The  town  is  regularly  laid  out,  pleas 
ant,  and  flourishing,  and  contains  an  academy. 
Here  is  a  covered  bridge  across  the  N.  branch 
of  the  Susquehannah. 

NORTHUMBERLAND,  co.  Va.  bounded 
NE.  by  the  Potomac,  E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay, 
SW.  by  Lancaster  and  Richmond  cos.  and  W. 
by  Westmoreland  co. ;  151  m.  from  W.  Pop. 
7,953.  At  the  court-house  there  is  a  village  of 
about  40  houses. 

NORTHWOOD,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
20  m.  E.  from  Concord,  27  WNW.  from  Ports 
mouth.  Pop.  1,342.  Crystals,  crystalline  spars, 
and  black  lead,  are  found  in  this  town. 

NORTON,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  75  m.  NE.  from 
Montpelier. 

NORTON,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  8  m.  NNW. 
from  Taunton,  36  SSW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,484.  Here  are  manufactories  of  iron  and 
cotton. 

NORTON,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio.  34  m.  N. 
from  Columbus. 

NORWALK,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  near  the 
mouth  of  a  small  river  of  the  same  name,  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  31  m.  WSW.  from  New 
Haven,  45  NE.  from  New  York.  Pop.  3,793. 
It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  has  an  academy, 
iron  works,  and  some  trade  to  New  York  and 
the  West  Indies. 

NORWALK,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Huron 
co.  Ohio,  14  m.  from  Lake  Erie,  and  100  NE. 
from  Columbus.  Lon.  from  W.  5°  33'  W. ;  lat. 
41°  16'  N. 

NORWALK  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small 
islands  in  Long  Island  Sound,  near  the  coast  of 
Connecticut.  Lon.  72°  22'  W. ;  lat.  41°  4'  N. 

NORWAY,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  5  m.  SW.  of 
Paris,  152  NNE.  of  Boston.  Pop.  1,712. 

NORWAY,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  N, 
of  Herkimer,  90  NW.  of  Albany 

NORWICH,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on'the  Con, 
necticut,  opposite  Hanover,  21  m.  N.  of  Wind 
sor.  Pop.  2,316.  Here  is  an  academy. 

NORWICH,  t  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  7  m. 
WSW.  of  Northampton,  150  W.  of  Boston. 
Pop.  787. 

NORWICH,  city,  New  London  co.  Ct.  on 
the  Thames,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  14  m. 
N.  from  New  London,  38  SE.  from  Hartford, 
45  WSW.  from  Providence,  362  from  W.  Lon. 


72°  29'  W.;  lat,  41°  34'  N.  Pop.  5,169.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  2  banks,  and 
several  houses  of  public  worship.  It  compre 
hends  three  villages,  the  town,  Chelsea  Land 
ing,  and  Bean  Hill.  In  the  last  there  is  an 
academy,  and  in  the  town  is  an  endowed  school. 
Norwich  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  considerable 
both  for  trade  and  manufactures.  It  is  fa- 
vorably  situated,  at  the  head  of  navigation, 
and  has  an  extensive  back  country.  The  falls 
of  the  river  afford  seats  for  various  mills  and 
manufacturing  establishments.  The  courts  for 
the  county  are  held  alternately  at  this  city  and 
New  London. 

NORWICH,  t.  and  cap.  Chenango  co.  N.Y. 
on  the  Chenango,  8  m.  N.  from  Oxford,  100  W. 
from  Albany,  332  from  W.  It  is  a  pleasant 
and  flourishing  village,  containing  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  bank. 

NORWICH,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Scioto,  above  Montgomery. 

NOTAHACKY,  or  Notahucky,  r.  Ten. 
which  rises  in  N.  C.  and  joins  the  French 
Broad  a  little  above  Dandridge. 

NOTTAWAY,  co.  S.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Amelia  co.  E.  by  Dinwiddie  co.  S.  by 
Lunenburg  co.  and  W.  by  Prince  Edward  co. 
Pop.  10,141. 

NOTTAWAY,  r.  Va.  which  unites  with 
the  Meherrin  in  N.  C.  to  form  the  Chowan. 

NOTTINGHAM,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
24  m.  NW.  of  Portsmouth.  Pop.  1,157. 

NOTTINGHAM,  West,  v.  Hillsborough  co. 
N.  H.  on  the  E.  side  of  Merrimack  river,  45  m. 
N.  by  W.  of  Boston. 

NOTTINGHAM,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 
Pop.  3,900. 

NOTTINGHAM,  East  and  West,  the  two 
SW.  and  contiguous  towns,  Chester  co.  Pa. 
They  are  situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Octararo 
creek,  and  join  Maryland. 

NOTTINGHAM,  t.  Prince  George  co.  Md. 
on  the  W.  side  of  Patuxent  river,  27  m.  SE. 
from  W. 

NOTTINGHAM,  a  hilly  t.  Harrison  co. 
Ohio,  7  m.  W.  from  Cadiz.  This  t.  contains 
the  village  of  Moorfield.  Pop.  1,227. 

NOVA  IBERIA,  t.  Attakapas  co.  La.  on 
the  Teche,  about  10m.  from  St.  Martinsville. 

NOVA  SCOTIA.     See  page  167. 

NOWLAND'S  FERRY,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

NOXONTON,  v.  Newcastle  co.  Del.  22  m. 
SSW.  from  Wilmington. 

NULHEGEN,  r.  Vt.  which  is  formed  in 
Averill,  and  flows  into  the  Connecticut,  between 
Minehead  and  Brunswick. 

NUNDA,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Genesee,  14  m.  N.  from  Angelica.  Pop.  1,291 

NUNICK  MOUNTAINS,  mountains  of 
S.  C.  Lon.  83°  W. ;  lat.  35°  N. 

O. 

OAK  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  nins  into  the 
Ohio,  a  few  miles  above  Augusta,  Ken. 
OAK  GROVE,  t.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 
OAK  HILL,  v.  Greenville  district,  S.  C. 
OAK  HILL,  v.  Laurens  district,  S.  C. 
OAK  HILL,  v.  Greene  co.  N.  Y. 
OAK  HILL,  t.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 


360 


OAK— OKI 


OAK  HILL,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

OAK'S  CREEK,  r.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  S.  10  miles,  and  unites  with  the  Susque- 
hannah. 

OAK  ISLAND,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  of 
N.C.  at  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river. 

OAKHAM,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  15  m. 
WNW.  from  Worcester,  55  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,010. 

OAKINGHAM,  v.  Laurens  district,  S.  C. 
92  m.  NW.  from  Columbia. 

OAKLAND,  co.  Michigan  ter.  on  Huron  of 
Lake  St.  Clair,  lying  NW.  from  Wayne,  and 
W.  from  Macomb  cos.  and  about  40  m.  NW. 
from  Detroit. 

OAKMULGEE,  r.  Geo.  which  joins  the 
Oconee  to  form  the  Alatamaha.  Lon.  83°  W.; 
lat.  32°  24'  N. 

OAKS,  v.  Hanover  co.  Va. 

OAXACA,  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  S.  Puebla  W.  and  NW.  Vera 
Cruz  N.  and  NE.'and  Guatemala  E.  Length 
from  E.  to  W.  240  m.  mean  width  180.  Be- 
tween  lat.  15°  40'  and  18°  N.  This  state  is 
one  of  the  most  delightful  countries  on  this 
part  of  the  globe.  The  beauty  and  salubrity 
of  the  climate,  the  fertility  of  the  soil,  and  the 
richness  and  variety  of  its  productions,  all  com 
bine  to  minister  to  the  prosperity  of  its  in 
habitants;  and  this  province  has,  accordingly, 
from  the  remotest  periods  been  the  centre  of 
an  advanced  civilization. 

OAXACA,  city  of  Mexico,  and  capital  of 
the  state  of  the  same  name,  stands  on  one  of 
the  confluents  of  the  Chicometepec  river,  240 
in.  SSE.  from  the  city  of  Mexico.  Lat.  16° 
55'  N.  It  enjoys  an  atmosphere  of  peculiar 
serenity,  but  the  country  is  subject  to  earth 
quakes.  Pop.  25,200. 

OBED'S  RIVER,  r.  Ten.  which  rises  in 
Overton  co.  and  runs  into  the  Cumberland,  in 
Jackson  co.  a  few  miles  below  the  Kentucky  line 

OBIAN,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi.  Lat.  35°  48'  N. 

OCATAHOOLA,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs 
SSE.  through  the  greatest  part  of  its  course, 
then  turns  to  the  E.  passes  through  a  lake  of 
the  same  name,  and  joins  the  Ouachitta,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Tensaw. 

OCCACHAPPO,  r.  Al.  which  runs  N.  into 
the  Muscle  Shoals. 

OCCONEACHEA  ISLANDS,  three  small 
islands  on  the  river  Roanoke,  belonging  to  Vir 
ginia.  Lat.  36°  35'  N. 

OCCOHAPPY,  or  Bear  Creek,  r.  Ten.  which 
runs  into  the  Tennessee  river. 

OCCOQUAN,  v.  Prince  William  co.  Va.  23 
m.  from  W. 

OCCOQUAN  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  the  Potomac,  7  m.  SW  from  Mount  Ver- 
non. 

OCONEE,  r.  Geo.  which  rises  in  the  Oconee 
mountains,  flows  by  Milledgeville,  and  unites 
with  the  Oakmulgee,  and  forms  the  Alatamaha 

OCTARARO  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  divides 
Lancaster  and  Chester  cos.  and  runs  into  the 
Susquehannah,  in  Md.  about  5  m.  below  Penn 
sylvania  line. 
'  OCTARARO,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa, 


OGDENSBURG,  v.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Oswegatchie  with  the 
St.  Lawrence,  116  m.N.  from  Utica,  212  NW. 
from  Albany.  Here  are  numerous  manufac 
tures,  and  the  harbor  is  safe  and  spacious,  and 
is  a  place  of  considerable  trade.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  3,934. 

OGEECHEE,  r.  Geo.  which  rises  near  the 
Apalachian  mountains,  flows  SE.  nearly  par 
allel  with  the  Alatamaha,  into  Ossabaw  Sound, 
at  Hardwick.  Length  200  m. 

OGLETHORPE,  co.  NW.  part  of  Georgia. 
Pop.  13,558,  of  whom  8,004  are  colored.  Chief 
town,  Lexington. 

OHIO,  r.  U.  S.  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
Alleghany  and  Monongahela,  at  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
It  separates  Virginia  and  Kentucky  on  the  S. 
from  the  states  of  Ohio  and  Indiana,  and  the 
Illinois  territory  on  the  N.  and  after  a  WSW. 
course  of  949  m.  joins  the  Mississippi,  193  m. 
below  the  Missouri,  in  Ion.  88°  58'  W. ;  lat. 
37'  N.  The  Ohio,  from  its  commencement, 
affords  most  delightful  prospects.  Rivers  of 
romantic  and  beautiful  character  come  in,  al 
most  at  equal  distances,  as  lateral  canals.  Its 
bottoms  are  of  extraordinary  depth  and  fer 
tility;  generally  high  and  dry,  and  for  the 
most  part  healthy ;  while  the  configuration  of 
the  country  on  the  banks  has  all  that  grandeur, 
softness,  or  variety,  still  changing  and  recur 
ring  in  such  combinations  as  are  requisite  to 
destroy  a  monotonous  effect.  For  thirty  miles 
below  Pittsburg  its  course  is  NW.  It  then 
slowly  turns  to  the  WSW.  and  pursues  that 
general  direction  500  m.  Thence  SW.  170  in. 
Thence  W.280  miles.  Thence  SW.  170  miles, 
through  that  low  and  swampy  country,  in 
which  it  finds  the  Mississippi.  Between  Pitts 
burg  and  the  mouth,  it  is  diversified  with  100 
considerable  islands,  besides  a  greater  number 
of  tow-heads  and  sand-bars,  which  in  low 
stages  of  the  water  greatly  impede  navigation. 
Some  of  these  islands  are  of  exquisite  beauty, 
and  afford  most  lovely  situations  for  retired 
farms.  The  passages  between  them,  and  the 
sand-bars  at  their  head,  are  among  the  difficul 
ties  of  the  navigation  of  this  river.  The  Ohio 
at  Pittsburg  is  600  yards  wide.  At  Cincin 
nati,  which  may  be  considered  its  mean  width, 
it  is  not  much  more.  Below  the  Cumberland, 
its  average  width  is  1,000  yards.  Its  valley  is 
deep,  and  heavily  timbered,  and  has  nowhere 
the  slightest  indication  of  prairie.  It  varies 
from  2  to  10  in.  in  width.  It  is  bounded  in  its 
whole  course  by  bluffs,  sometimes  towering 
sublimely  from  the  shores  of  the  river,  and 
sometimes  receding  2  or  3  miles.  Beyond  the 
immediate  verge  of  the  bottom  is  a  singular 
line  of  hills,  more  or  less  precipitous,  stretch 
ing  from  5  to  10  m.  from  the  banks.  They 
are  known  on  the  Ohio  by  the  familiar  appel 
lation  of  the  *  Ohio  hills.'  Different  estimates 
have  been  made  of  the  rapidity  of  its  current. 
This  rapidity  being  continually  varying,  it 
would  be  difficult  to  assign  any  very  exact  es 
timate.  It  is  found,  according  to  the  different 
stages  of  the  water,  to  vary  between  1  and  3 
miles.  In  the  lowest  stages  of  the  water  in 
the  autumn,  a  floating  substance  would  proba- 


OKI— OKI 


361 


bly  not  advance  a  mile  an  hour.  It  is'subject 
to  extreme  elevations  and  depressions.  The 
average  range  between  high  and  low  water,  is 
fifty  feet.  Its  lowest  stage  is  in  September ; 
and  its  highest  in  March.  But  it  is  subject  to 
sudden  and  very  considerable  rises  through  the 
year.  It  has  been  known  to  rise  12  feet  in  a 
night.  When  these  sudden  elevations  take 
place,  at  the  breaking  up  of  the  ice,  a  scene 
of  desolation  sometimes  occurs ;  and  boats  and 
every  thing  in  its  course  are  carried  away  by 
the  accumulated  power  of  the  ice  and  the  wa 
ter.  Its  average  descent  in  a  mile,  is  not  far 
from  six  inches.  At  Cincinnati,  the  surface  of 
the  river  at  low  water,  is  supposed  to  be  130 
feet  below  the  level  of  Lake  Erie,  and  430 
above  that  of  the  tide-water  of  the  Atlantic. 
Between  Pittsburg  and  the  mouth,  it  makes 
three  and  a  half  degrees  of  southing  in  lati 
tude.  The  average  time  of  the  suspension  of 
its  navigation  by  ice,  is  five  weeks.  One-half 
of  the  remainder  of  the  year,  on  an  average, 
it  is  navigable  by  large  steam-boats  in  its  whole 
course.  The  other  half,  it  can  be  navigated 
easily  only  by  steam-boats  of  a  small  draft  of 
water.  Since  the  Louisville  and  Portland  canal 
has  been  completed,  steam-boats  of  small  draft 
can  descend  at  all  times  from  Pittsburg  to 
the  Mississippi.  Flat  and  keel-boats  descend 
the  river  at  all  seasons ;  but  in  periods  of  low 
water,  with  frequent  groundings  on  the  sand 
bars,  and  the  necessity  of  often  unloading  to 
get  the  boat  off.  It  would  be  difficult  to  de 
cide  when  the  Ohio  has  the  most  beautiful  ap 
pearance — in  the  spring,  when  it  rolls  along 
between  full  banks,  or  in  the  autumn,  when 
between  the  ripples  it  is  calm  and  still,  with 
broad  and  clean  sand-bars ;  or  in  the  ripples, 
where  its  transparent  waters  glide  rapidly  over 
the  pebbly  and  shelly  bottom,  showing  every 
thing,  as  through  the  transparency  of  air.  The 
Ohio,  and  all  its  tributaries,  cannot  have  less 
than  5,000  miles  of  boatable  waters  ;  and  ta 
king  all  circumstances  into  consideration,  few 
rivers  in  the  world  can  vie  with  it  either  in 
utility  or  beauty. 

The  following  table  of  distances  is  taken 
from  Dr.  Drake ;  the  distances  are  founded  on 
the  surveys  made  by  the  U.  S.  on  the  north 
bank : 

From  Pittsburgh  to       miles,     whole  dist. 

Big  Beaver  river 30 30 

Little  Beaver  river 13 43 

Steubenville 26 69 

Wheeling 26 95 

Marietta 83 178 

Great  Kenhawa  river 87 265 

Big  Sandy  river 47 .312 

Scioto  river 40 352 

Maysville 50 402 

Little  Miami  river 56 458 

Cincinnati 7 465 

Great  Miami  river 20 485 

Kentucky  river 48 533 

Louisville 54 587 

Salt  river 23.... ^..610 

Anderson's  river 98 708 

Green  river 52 760 

Wabash  river 61 821 

2  V 


Shawneetown 10. .. 

Cave-in-rock 20. . . 

Cumberland  river 40 ... 

Tennessee  river 12. .. 

Fort  Massac 8 . . . 

Mississippi 38. . . 


....831 
....851 

....891 
....903 
....911 
.,..949 


WHOLE   NUMBER    OF    STEAM-BOATS  BUILT  ON 
WESTERN   WATERS. 


When 

Whole 

Now 

Lost  or 

built. 

No. 

running. 

worn  out. 

1811 

1 

1 

1814 

4 

4 

1815 

3 

3 

1816 

2 

2 

1817 

9 

9 

1818 

23 

23 

1819 

27 

27 

1820 

7 

1 

6 

1821 

6 

1 

5 

1822 

7 

7 

1823 

13 

1 

12 

1824 

13 

1 

12 

1825 

31 

19 

12 

1826 

52 

36 

16 

1827 

25 

19 

6 

1828 

31 

28 

3 

1829 

53 

53 

1830 

30 

30 

1831 

9 

9 

348 

198 

150 

Of  the  boats  now  running, 

68  were  built  at  Cincinnati, 

68 Pittsburg, 

2 Louisville, 

12 New  Albany, 

7 Marietta, 

2 Zanesville, 

1 Fredericksburg, 

1 Westport, 

1 Silver  Creek, 

1 Brush  Creek, 

2 Wheeling, 

1 Nashville, 

2 Frankfort, 

1 Smithland, 

1  • Economy, 

6 Brownsville, 

3 Portsmouth, 

Steubenville, 

Beaver, 

St.  Louis, 

New  York, 


2 
1 
3 
1 
10 

"198 


Philadelphia, 

Not  known  where. 


Of  this  whole  number,  111  were  built  at 
Cincinnati,  68  of  which  were  running  in  1831. 
Of  the  150  lost  or  worn  out,  there  were  63 
of  the  latter,  36  lost  by  snags,  14  burnt,  3  lost 
by  collision,  and  34  by  other  accidents  not 
ascertained.  Total  150. 

OHIO,  one  of  the  U.  States.    See  p.  134. 

OHIO,  co.  NW.  part  of  Va.  bounded  NW. 
and  W.  .by  the  Ohio,  N.  by  Brooke  co.  and 
Pennsylvania,  E.  by  Pennsylvania,  SE.  by 
Monongalia  and  Harrison  cos.  arid  SW.  l»y 


362 


OHI— OPE 


Wood  co.  Pop.  15,590.  Chief  town,  Wheel- 
ing 

OHIO,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  2,681, 

OHIO,  t  Gallia  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  313. 

OHIOr  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Butler  SE. 
Green  river,  or  Muhlenburg  S.  and  SW.  Da- 
vies  NW.  Breckenridge  N.  and  Grayson  NE. 
Length  32  m.  mean  width  20.  Chief  town, 
Hartford.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,879  ;  in  1830, 4,913. 

OHIOPYLE  FALLS,  cataract  in  the  river 
Youghiogeny,  20  feet  perpendicular,  about  30 
m.  from  its  union  with  the  Monongahela. 

OHOOPEE,  r.  of  Geo.  which  runs  into  the 
Alatamaha,  Ion.  82°  10'  W.;  lat.  3P  31'  N. 

OIL  CREEK,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa. 

OIL  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the 
Alleghany,  6  m.  E.  from  Franklin.  See 
Franklin. 

OIL  SPRING,  v.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y. 

OKEFONOCO.    See  Ouaquaphenogaw. 

OKETIBBEHA,  r.  Al.  which  joins  the 
Tombigbee,  at  the  dividing  line  of  the  Chicka- 
saws  and  Choctaws. 

OK-LOCK-ONE,  r.  U.  S.  rises  in  Geo.  and 
flowing  SSW.  falls  into  Ok-lock-one  Bay,  40 
m.  E.  from  the  mouth  of  the  Apalachicola 
river. 

OK-LOCK-ONE  BAY,  is  the  extreme  in 
land  extension  of  the  Apalache  Bay,  and  re 
ceives  the  Ok-lock-one  and  St.  Mark's  rivers. 
Lat.  30°  8'  N. 

OLD  BRIDGE,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J. 

OLDTOWN,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Geo.  on  the 
Ogeechee,  12  m.  SE.  from  Louisville. 

OLDTOWN,  or  Skipton,  t.  Alleghany  co. 
Md.  on  N.  branch  of  the  Potomac,  142  m.  W. 
from  Baltimore. 

OLDTOWN,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Md.  on  the 
N.  side  of  Potomac  river,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  SW.  branch,  14  m.  SE.  of  Cumberland, 
and  134  NW.  of  W. 

OLDTOWN,  v.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  NW. 
from  Chillicothe,  and  54  a  little  S.  of  E.  from 
Columbus.  Pop.  248. 

OLDTOWN  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs 
into  Cape  Fear  river,  Ion.  78°  9'  W. ;  lat.  34° 
8'N. 

OLEAN,  t.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Alleghany,  173  m.  NNE.  from  Pittsburg.  Pop. 
561. 

OLEAN,  or  Oil  Creek,  r.  Cataraugus  co. 
N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the  Alleghany,  25  m. 

OLIVERIAN,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs  into  the 
Connecticut,  in  Haverhill. 

OLYMPIAN  SPRINGS,  v.  Bath  co.  Ken. 

OMPOMPONOOSUC,  r.  Vt.  which  runs 
into  the  Connecticut,  3  m.  N.  from  Dartmouth 
College. 

ONEIDA,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Lewis 
co.  E.  by  Herkimer  co.  SW.  by  Madison  co. 
and  W.  by  Oswego  co.  Pop.  71,326.  Chief 
towns,  Whitesborough,  Utica,  and  Rome. 

ONEIDA,  lake,  chiefly  in  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 
20  m.  long,  and  4  broad.  It  receives  Wood 
creek  on  the  E.  end,  and  communicates  with 
Lake  Ontario  by  the  Oswego.  It  is  a  beauti 
ful  lake,  abounding  in  fish. 

ONEIDA  CASTLE,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 


ONEIDA  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  run* 
N.  into  E.  end  of  Oneida  Lake.  Length  25  m. 

ONE  LEG,  an  eastern  t.  of  Tuscarawas  co. 
Ohio. 

ONION  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  which  runs  W.  into 
Lake  Champlain,  4  m.  NW.  from  Burlington 
village.  It  is  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of 
Vermont.  Between  Colchester  and  Burling 
ton  it  has  worn  through  a  solid  rock  of  lime 
stone,  forming  a  chasm  of  70  or  80  feet  deep, 
and  at  Bolton  there  is  another  similar  chasm 
Length  70  m. 

ONONDAGA,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by 
Oswego  co.  E.  by  Madison  co.  S.  by  Cort- 
landt  co.  and  W.  by  Cayuga  co.  Pop.  58,974. 
Chief  town,  Syracuse. 

ONONDAGA,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  50  m. 
W.  from  Utica,  145  W.  from  Albany.  It  is  a 
large  and  flourishing  town,  and  has  two  vil 
lages,  Onondaga-Hollow  and  West  Hill.  The 
latter  is  2  m.  W.  of  the  former,  and  contains 
several  churches  and  a  printing-office. 

ONONDAGA,  or  Salt  Lake,  lake  in  Onon 
daga  co.  N.  Y.  7  m.  N.  from  Onondaga.  It  is 
7  m.  long,  and  2  broad.  It  discharges  its 
waters  from  N.  end  into  Seneca  river.  On  its 
borders  are  celebrated  salt-springs. 

ONONDAGA-HOLLOW,  v.  Onondaga  co, 
N.  Y.  6  m.  S.  from  Salina.  It  contains  a 
state-arsenal,  an  academy,  a  meeting-house,  a 
printing-office,  and  considerable  manufactures. 

ONSLOW,  co.  SE.  part  of  N.  C.  on  the 
coast.  Pop.  7,814. 

ONTARIO,  lake,  N,  A.  between  New  York 
and  Upper  Canada,  Lat.  43°  15'  to  44°  N. 
It  is  190  m.  long,  and  55,  where  widest,  broad; 
about  600  m.  in  circumference.  It  discharges 
its  waters  through  the  St.  Lawrence  into  the 
Atlantic,  from  NE.  end,  and  communicates 
with  Lake  Erie  at  SW.  part,  by  the  river  Ni 
agara.  It  is  a  very  deep  lake,  with  sufficient 
water  in  every  part,  but  has  few  good  harbors- 
It  furnishes  a  variety  of  excellent  fish. 

ONTARIO,  co.  in  U.  C.  consists  of  the  fol 
lowing  islands ;  Amherst  Island,  Wolfe  Island, 
Gage  Island,  and  all  the  islands  between  the 
mouth  of  the  Gananoqui,  to  the  easternmost 
extremity  of  Point  Pleasant. 

ONTARIO,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Mon 
roe  and  Wayne  cos.  E.  by  Seneca,  S.  by  Steu- 
ben  and  Yates,  and  W.  by  Livingston.  Pop. 
40,167.  Chief  towns,  Canandaigua  and  Geneva. 

ONTARIO,  t.  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.  on  S.  side 
of  Lake  Ontario,  20  m.  W.  from  Canandaigua, 
Pop.  1,587. 

OOLENOY  MOUNTAIN,  S.C.  m  the  vi. 
cinity  of  Table  Mountain.  It  is  remarkable 
for  a  cataract,  the  descent  of  which  is  from 
600  to  700  feet. 

OOSTANAULEE,  r.  Geo.  in  the  country 
of  the  Cherokees.  It  flows  SW.  and  unites 
with  the  Etowee  to  form  the  Coosa. 

OOTAGAMIS,  Upper,  t.  NW.  Territory,  on 
the  river  Ouisconsin,  about  40  m.  from  the  Mis 
sissippi.  Lat,  42°  42'  N. 

OOTAGAMIS,  Lower,  t.  NW.  Territory,  at 
the  conflux  of  the  Ouisconsin  and  Mississippi. 

OPELOUSAS,  t  and  cap.  of  St.  Landry  dis 
trict,  La.  about  60  m.  W.  from  Baton  Rouge, 


OPI— OSW 


363 


Lat  30°  32'  N.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
jail,  an  academy,  and  a  Roman  Catholic  church. 

OPICKON,  r.  Berkeley  co.  Va.  which  runs 
into  the  Potomac,  E.  of  Bath. 

OPPENHEIM,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.Y.  on 
N.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  15  m.  W.  from  Johns 
town,  56  WNW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  3,650. 

OQUAGO,  v.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna,  16  m.  E.  from  Chenan go-Point. 

ORAN,  v.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 

ORANGE,  co.  E.  side  of  Vt.  bounded  N.  by 
Caledonia  and  Washington  cos.  E.  by  Connec 
ticut  river,  S.  by  Windsor  co.  W.  by  Addison 
co.  and  NW.  by  Washington  co.  Pop.  27,285. 
Chief  towns,  Chelsea,  Newbury,  and  Randolph. 

ORANGE,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  13  m.  SE.  from 
Montpelier.  Pop.  1,016. 

ORANGE,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  14  m,  SW. 
from  Plymouth,  and  40  NNW.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  405. 

ORANGE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  14  m.  E. 
from  Greenfield,  and  75  WNW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  880. 

ORANGE,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Sulli 
van  and  Ulster  cos  E.  by  the  Hudson,  SE.  by 
Rockland  co.  SW.  by  New  Jersey  and  Penn 
sylvania.  Pop.  in  1820, 41,213 ;  in  1830, 45,372. 
Chief  towns,  Newburgh  and  Goshen. 

ORANGE,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  4  m.  W.  from 
Newark.  Pop.  3,887.  It  adjoins  to  Newark, 
on  the  W.  Here  is  an  academy.  The  excel 
lent  cider,  known  by  the  name  of  Newark  ci 
der,  is  chiefly  made  in  this  township. 

ORANGE,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Crawford  S. 
Dubois  SW.  Owen  W.  Lawrence  N.  and  Wash 
ington  E.  Length  22  m.  mean  width  18.  Pop. 
In  1820,  5,368  ;  in  1830,  7,909.  Chief  town, 
Paoli. 

ORANGE,  co.  central  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Madison  and  Culpeper  cos.  SE.  by  Spott- 
sylvania  co.  S.  by  Louisa  and  Albemarle  cos. 
and  WNW.  by  Rockingham.  Pop.  14,637,  of 
whom  7,983  are  slaves.  Chief  town,  Orange. 

ORANGE,  co.  N.  part  of  N.C.  Pop.  23,875. 
Chief  town,  Hillsborough. 

ORANGE,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  watered  by 
Alum  Creek.  Pop.  369. 

ORANGE,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.    Pop.  405. 

ORANGEBURG,  district,  central  part  of 
S.C.  Pop.  18,455. 

ORANGEBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Orangeburg 
district,  S.  C.  on  N.  branch  of  the  Edisto,  40 
m.  SSW.  from  Columbia,  and  77  NNW.  from 
Charleston.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
about  20  houses,  and  an  academy. 

ORANGE  SPRINGS,  or  Gum  Springs,  v. 
Orange  co.  Va. 

ORANGETOWN,  t.  Rockland  co.  N.  Y.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Hudson,  28  m.  N.  from  New 
York.  Pop.  1,947.  This  town  lies  on  the  S. 
part  of  Tappan  Bay,  an  expansion  of  the  Hud 
son.  Major  Andre  was  hanged  here  as  a  spy. 

ORANGEVILLE,  t.  between  Sheldon  and 
Warsaw,  Genesee  co.  N.Y.  on  the  head  of 
Tonnewanto  creek,  20  m.  S.  from  Batavia. 
Pop.  1,525. 

ORANGEVILLE,  v.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 

ORFORD,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  the  Con 
necticut,  opposite  Fairlee,  with  which  it  is  con 


nected  by  a  bridge,  10  m.  S.  from  Haverhill, 
64  NNW.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,829.  Here 
is  a  pleasant  village,  and  the  town  contains  a 
valuable  quarry  of  soapstone. 

ORFORD,  v.  Hartford  co.  Ct. 

ORLAND,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  on  E.  side 
of  the  Penobscot,  opposite  Prospect,  14  m.  N. 
from  Castine,  238  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  975. 

ORLEAN,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 

ORLEANS,  co.  N.  part  of  Vt.  bounded  N. 
by  Canada,  E.  by  Essex  co.  SE.  by  Caledonia 
co.  S.  by  Washington  co  and  W.  by  Franklin 
co.  Pop.  in  1820,  6,976;  in  1830,  13,980, 
Chief  towns,  Irasburg,  Craftsbury,  and  Brown- 
ington. 

ORLEANS,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  20  m. 
E.  from  Barnstable,  and  85  SE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,799. 

ORONO,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  on  W.  side 
of  the  Penobscot  above  Bangor,  43  m.  N.  from 
Castine,  246  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,473. 

ORPHAN  ISLAND,  isl.Me.near  the  mouth 
of  the  Penobscot,  between  Prospect  and  Or- 
land,  containing  about  10,000  acres. 

ORRESKANNY,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 

ORRINGTON,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  on  E. 
side  of  the  Penobscot,  opposite  Hampden,  33 
m.  N.  from  Castine.  Pop.  1,234. 

ORRSVILLE,  v.  Pendleton  district,  S.  C. 

ORVILLE,  v.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 

ORWELL,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  106. 

ORWELL,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  58  m.  SW.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,598. 

ORWELL,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  501. 

ORWELL,  v.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 

ORWICKSBURG,  t.  bor.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Schuylkill  co.  Pa.  It  stands  on  a  rising  ground, 
7  m.  above  the  Schuylkill  Water-gap,  and  10  E 
from  the  coal-mines  near  Mount  Carbon,  26  m. 
NW.  from  Reading.  It  contains  a  court-house 
and  jail,  a  number  of  stores,  and  an  academy. 

OSAGE,  r.  La.  which  joins  the  Missouri, 
133  rn.  from  the  Mississippi.  It  is  a  very 
crooked  river,  and  is  navigable  for  boats  about 
600  miles. 

OSNABURG,  v.  and  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio,  5  m. 
E.  from  Canton,  on  the  road  leading  to  New 
Lisbon.  Pop.  1,620. 

OSSIAN,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.Y.    Pop.  812. 

OSSIPEE,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  55  m.  NNW. 
from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  1,935. 

OSSIPEE,  lake,  N.  H.  chiefly  in  NE.  part 
of  the  township  of  Ossipee,  about  1,000  rods 
long  from  N.  to  S.  and  600  broad. 

OSSIPEE,  r.  which  flows  from  Ossipee 
Lake  into  the  Saco,  N.  of  Cornish,  in  Maine, 
15  m.  E.  from  Lake  Ossipee. 

OSSIPEE,  Little,  r.  Me.  which  runs  into 
the  Saco,  12  m.  below  Great  Ossipee. 

OSWEGATCHIE,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  on 
the  St.  Lawrence,  at  N.  end  of  Black  Lake ; 
116  m.  N.  from  Utica,  212  NW.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  3,934.  It  contains  the  village  of  Ogdens- 
burg. 

OSWEGATCHIE,  r.  St.  Lawrence  co.f 
N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the  St.  Lawrence  at 
Ogdensburg.  Length  120  miles. 

OSWEGO,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  from  Onei 
da  Lake  into  Lake  Ontario.  After  a  very 


364 


OSW— OWL 


crooked  course  of  18  m.  it  meets  Seneca  river 
at  Three  River  Point,  whence  to  its  mouth  it 
is  24  miles.  The  principal  fall  is  in  Volney, 
12  m.  from  Oswego.  Its  navigation  is  im 
proved  by  locks  and  canals. 

OSWEGO,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  NW.  by  Lake 
Ontario,  N.  by  Jefferson  co.  E.  by  Lewis  and 
Oneida  cos.  S.  by  Oneida  Lake,  Onondaga  and 
Cayuga  cos.  and  W.  by  Cayuga.  Pop.  27,104. 
Chief  towns,  Oswego  and  Richland. 

OSWEGO,  v.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Oswego ;  114  m.  W.  from  Utica, 
379  from  W.  Lat.  43°  28' N.  Pop.  2,703.  This 
is  a  flourishing,  commercial  village.  Great 
quantities  of  salt  are  brought  here  from  the 
salt-works  at  Liverpool  and  Salina,  and  ex 
ported.  It  is  well  situated  for  manufacturing, 
the  Oswego  river  forming  convenient  water- 
power,  conducted  to  this  place  from  the  falls 
in  a  canal.  It  has  some  shipping. 

OSWEGO  FALLS,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 

OTEGO,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  SW.  of 
Cooperstown.    Pop.  1,148. 
.  OTEGO  CREEK,  r.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  into  the  Susquehannah,  in  the  township 
of  Otego.    Length  28  miles. 

OTIS,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  28  m.  SE.  of 
Lenox,  34  W.  of  Springfield,  116  W.  of  Boston. 
Pop.  1,014. 

OTISCO,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  7  m.  S.  of 
Onondaga,  50  W.  of  Utica.  Pop.  1,938. 

OTISCO  CREEK,  r.  in  Onondaga  co.  N.Y. 
which  runs  into  Onondaga  Lake. 

OTSEGO,  co.  central  part  of  N.  Y.  bounded 
N.  by  Herkimer  and  Montgomery  cos.  E.  by 
Schoharie  co.  S.  by  Delaware  co.  and  W.  by 
Chenango  and  Madison  cos.  Pop.  in  1820, 
44,856 ;  in  1830,  51,372.  Chief  town,  Coopers- 
town. 

OTSEGO,  t.  and  cap.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  66 
m.  W.  of  Albany,  Pop.  4,363,  including  Coop 
erstown.  See  Cooperstown. 

OTSEGO,  lake,  in  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  66  m, 
W.  from  Albany ;  9  m.  long,  and  3  broad. 

OTSELIC,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.Y.  Pop, 
1,238. 

OTSQUAGA  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
into  the  Mohawk,  E.  of  Minden.  Length  25m 

OTTAWA,  large  river  of  British  America 
rises  N.  from  Lake  Huron,  and  flowing  SE. 
falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  25  m.  NW.  from 
Montreal.  It  forms  part  of  the  boundary  be 
tween  Upper  and  Lower  Canada.  Its  volume 
of  water  is  very  great,  for  its  length  of  course. 
Though  much  obstructed  by  rapids,  it  is  one 
of  the  channels  of  inland  trade  from  Montreal 
to  the  NW. 

OTTER  BRIDGE,  v.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

OTTER  CREEK,  r.  Vt  which  rises  near 
Dorset,  and  running  W.  of  N,  flows  into  Lake 
Champlain,  at  Basin  Harbor,  in  Ferrjsburg 
It  is  navigable  for  sloops  to  Vergennes,  6  m 
Length  85  miles. 

OTTER  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio. 

OTTER  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
the  Staunton. 

OTTSVILLE,  v.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

OUISCONSIN,  r.  of  the  U.  S.  in  the  NW 


Territory,  rises  at  lat.  46°  N.  and  between  Ion, 
2°  and  13  W.  from  W.  interlocking  with  the 
VEenomonie  of  Green  Bay,  and  with  the  south- 
rn  rivers  of  Lake  Superior.  It  thence  flows 
S.  to  about  lat.  43°  45',  where  it  approaches  so 
cry  near  Fox  river  of  Green  Bay,  as  to  leave 
only  a  portage  of  one  mile  and  a  half.  Below 
he  portage  the  Ouisconsin  turns  to  SW.  by 
W.  and  falls  into  Mississippi,  about  5  m.  below 
Prairie  du  Chien,  at  lat.  43°  N.  This  stream 
forms  one  of  the  great  natural  channels  of 
communication  between  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
Mississippi  basins.  Though  generally  rapid 
n  its  current,  it  is  unimpeded  by  cataracts,  or 
even  dangerous  choals.  The  entire  length  by 
comparative  courses  is  350  miles,  nearly  one 
half  of  which  distance  is  below  the  portage. 

OUIATAN,  or  Ouatinon,  v.  and  fort,  In.  on 
the  Wabash,  about  400  m.  above  its  mouth ; 
130  m.  S.  from  Fort  St.  Joseph.  Lat.  40°  30'  N. 
The  Wabash  is  navigable  to  this  place  with 
keel-boats. 

OVERTON,  co.  Ten.  bounded  by  Cumber- 
land  co.  in  Ken.  N.  Morgan  co.  Ten.  E.  Bled- 
soe  S.  White  SW.  and  Jackson  W.  Length 
40  m.  mean  width  15.  Chief  town,  Monroe. 
Pop.  in  1820,  7,128;  in  1830,  7,188. 

OVERTON,  t.  Perry  co.  Ten.  153  m.  W. 
from  Murfreesborough. 

OVID,  t.  and  cap.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  S. 
by  E.  from  Geneva,  41  N.  from  Elvira,  205  W. 
from  Albany,  317  from  W.  Pop.  2,756.  It  is 
situated  between  Seneca  and  Cayuga  lakes, 
and  is  a  large  and  excellent  agricultural  town. 
It  contains  the  county  buildings,  a  printing- 
office,  and  4  houses  of  public  worship. 

OWASCO,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  3  m.  SE.  of 
Auburn,  160  W.  of  Albany.  Pop.  1,350. 

OWASCO,  lake,  in  Cayuga  co.  N  Y.  11  m. 
long,  and  1£  broad.  Owasco  creek  runs  from 
this  lake  and  joins  the  Seneca.  Length  15m. 

OWEGO,  v.  in  Tioga,  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Susquehannah,  near  the  mouth  of  Owego 
creek,  10  m.  S.  from  Spencer,  170  SW.  from 
Albany.  It  is  a  considerable  and  flourishing 
village,  and  has  a  printing-office. 

OWEGO  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into 
the  Susquehannah,  near  the  village  of  Owego; 
25  miles  long. 

OWEN,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Kentucky  r. 
W.  Gallatin  NW.  Garrat  N.  Harrison  E.  and 
Scott  and  Franklin  S.  Length  20  m.  mean 
width  12.  Chief  town,  Owentown.  Pop.  in 
1820,  2,031 ;  in  1830,  5,793. 

OWEN,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Dubois  S.  Da- 
vies  W.  Martin  N.  and  Lawrence  and  Orange 
E.  length  24  m.  width  18  Chief  town,  Green- 
wich.  Pop.  in  1820,  838 ;  in  1830,  4,060. 

OWENTON,  t,  and  seat  of  justice,  Owen 
co.  Ken.  on  a  branch  of  Eagle  creek,  20  m. 
NNE.  of  Frankfort.  Lat.  38°  31' N.  Pop.  143. 

OWENVILLE,  v.  Gibson  co.  In.  190  m. 
SW.  from  Indianapolis. 

OWINGSVILLE,  v.  Bath  co.  Ken.  70  m. 
E.  from  Frankfort.  Pop.  241. 

OWENBOROUGH,  v.  Davies  co.  Ken. 
Pop.  229. 

OWL  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  the 
Mohiccon,  on  the  borders  of  Coshocton  co. 


OWL— PAL 


3G5 


OWL'S  HEAD,  cape  of  Me.  on  W.  side  of 
the  entrance  of  Penobscot  Bay,  on  E.  side  of 
Thorn  astown. 

OXBOW,  Great,  remarkable  bend  of  the 
river  Connecticut,  in  the  township  of  Newbury, 
Vt.  containing  450  acres  of  the  finest  meadow 
land. 

OXFORD,  co.  W.  part  of  Me.  bounded  E. 
by  Somerset  and  Kennebeck  cos.  S.  by  Cum- 
berland  and  Oxford  cos.  and  W.  and  NW.  by 
N.  H.  Pop.  in  1820,  27,104;  in  1830,  35,217. 
Chief  town,  Paris. 

OXFORD,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  11  m.  S. 
from  Worcester,  50  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
2,034. 

OXFORD,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct  16  m.  NW. 
from  New  Haven.  Pop.  1,762. 

OXFORD,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  S. 
from  Norwich,  110  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,947.  It  has  an  academy,  and  a  considerable 
village.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 

OXFORD,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  J.  on  E.  side  of 
the  Delaware,  17m.  NNE.  from  Easton.  Pop. 
3,665. 

OXFORD  FURNACE,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

OXFORD,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

OXFORD,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Delaware,  8  m.  NE.  from  Philadelphia. 

OXFORD,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa. 

OXFORD,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Talbot  co. 
M d.  on  the  Treadhaven,  8  m.  above  its  mouth, 
13  SSW.  from  Easton,  48  SE.  from  Baltimore. 
It  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade. 

OXFORD,  t.  Caroline  co.  Veu 

OXFORD,  t.  Granville  co.  N.  C.  30  m.  N. 
by  W.  from  Raleigh.  Here  are  a  church  and 
2  academies. 

OXFORD,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  35  m.  NW. 
from  Cincinnati,  110  S  W.  from  Columbus.  The 
land  of  this  township  belongs  to  the  Miami 
University.  Pop.  2,928. 

OXFORD,  t,  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
218. 

OXFORD,  t  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  E.  of 
Cambridge.  Pop.  1,798. 

OXFORD,  t.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  741. 

OXFORD,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

OXFORD,  t  Huron  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  468. 

OXFORD,  Upper,  i.  Chester  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,433. 

OYSTER  BAY,  t.  Queen's  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  25  m.  E.  from  New  York. 
Pop.  5,193.  Here  is  an  academy,  and  several 
houses  of  public  worship. 

OYSTER  BAY,  South,  v.  Queen's  co.  N.Y. 

OYSTER  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  which  rises  in 
Lee,  and  flows  through  Durham  into  Great 
Bay. 

OZAMA,  r.  Hispaniola,  which  runs  into  the 
sea  below  the  town  of  St.  Domingo. 

OZAN,  t.  Hempstead  co.  Arkansas. 

OZARK  MOUNTAINS,  U.  S.  an  elevated 
and  mountainous  tract,  commencing  near  the 
confluence  of  the  rivers  Missouri  and  Missis 
sippi,  and  extending  in  a  SW.  direction  across 
Arkansas  territory  into  the  province  of  Texas. 
It  attains  its  greatest  elevation  in  the  NE. 
diminishing  in  height  and  increasing  in  breadth 


as  you  advance  to  the  SW.  It  is  traversed  by 
A,he  Arkansas  and  Red  rivers ;  its  western  base 
s  washed  by  the  Illinois  and  the  Osage,  and 
>n  the  E.  it  gives  rise  to  the  St.  Francis,  White 
river,  and  the  Wachitta. 

P. 

PACHUCA,  t.  Mexico,  famous  for  its  silver 
mines.  Some  authors  say,  that  in  the  space 
of  six  leagues,  there  are  not  less  than  a  thou 
sand.  One  of  which,  called  Trinity,  is  sup 
posed  to  be  as  rich  as  any  in  the  Spanish  do 
minions,  forty  millions  of  silver  having  been 
taken  from  it  in  10  years.  It  is  45  in.  NNE. 
rom  Mexico. 

PACOLET,  r.  which  rises  in  N.  C.  and 
unites  with  Broad  river,  at  Pinckneyville,  in 
S.  C.  Pacolet  Springs  are  upon  it,  17  m 
above  Pinckneyville. 

PAGAN  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
James  river. 

PAGE,  Le,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  NW. 
nto  the  Columbia,  above  the  Falls. 

PAGESVILLE,  v.  Newberry  district,  S.  C. 
58  m.  NW.  from  Columbia. 

PAINESVILLE,  t.  Geauga   co.  Ohio,  on 
rand  river,  near  its  mouth,  about  30  m.  E. 
from  Cleveland.  It  is  a  very  flourishing  town, 
the  largest  in  the  county,  and  has  considera 
ble  trade.     Pop.  1,499. 

PAINESVILLE,  t.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

PAINT,  t  Highland  co.  Ohio,     Pop.  2,162. 

PAINT,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  963. 

PAINT  CREEK,  r.  Ohio.  It  is  a  western 
branch  of  the  Scioto,  which  it  joins  5  m.  below 
~hillicothe. 

PAINT  CREEK,  v.  Floyd  co.  Ken.  221  m. 
SSE.  from  Frankfort. 

PAINTED-POST,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Tioga,  20  m.  SE.  from  Bath,  234  WSW. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  974.  It  takes  its  name 
from  a  painted  post  near  the  Coshocton,  sup 
posed  to  be  an  Indian  monument  of  great 
antiquity. 

PAINTER  CREEK,  western  brook  of  Still- 
water  rivulet,  emptying  into  said  rivulet  in 
Miami  co.  Ohio.  It  rises  in  Darke  co. 

PAINTLICK  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  river  Kentucky. 

PAINTVILLE,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  15  m. 
SE.  from  Wooster. 

PALATINE,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on 
N.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  10  m.  W.  from 
Johnstown,  51  WNW.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,745. 

PALATINE  BRIDGE,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
N.Y. 

PALESTINE,  t.  Lawrence  co.  In. 

PALESTINE,  v.  Crawford  co.  II.  80  m. 
eastward  from  Vandalia. 

PALMER,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  16  m. 
E.  Springfield,  71  WSW.  from  Boston  Pop. 
1,237. 

PALMERSTOWN,  v.  Saratoga  co.  N.Y. 
46  m.  from  Albany. 

PALMYRA,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  28  m.  E. 
from  Norridgewock,  215  NNE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  912, 


366 


PAL— PAR 


PALMYRA,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  128  m.  W. 
fromW. 

PALMYRA,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa. 

PALMYRA,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  ESE. 
from  Ravenna.  Pop.  839. 

PALMYRA,  t.  Martin  co.  N.C. 

PALMYRA,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Tennessee, 
on  the  Cumberland,  15  m.  below  Clarkesville, 
65  NW.  from  Nashville. 

PALMYRA,  v.  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.  near  Mud 
creek,  and  on  the  Erie  canal,  12  m.  nearly  N. 
from  Canandaigua.  Pop.  3,427. 

PALMYRA,  t.  Pike  co.  Pa.  6  m.  SE.  from 
Bethany. 

PALMYRA,  v.  Lebanon  co.  Pa.  15  m.  E. 
from  Harrisburg. 

PALMYRA,  t.  Halifax  co.  N.  C. 

PALMYRA,  v.  at  Palmyra  Bend,  Warren 
co.  Mis.  25  m.  below  Walnut  Hill. 

PALMYRA,  t.  and  cap.  Edwards  co.  II. 
on  the  Great  Wabash,  20  m.  below  Vincennes, 
40  NE.  from  Carmi.  It  is  situated  in  a  fine 
country 

PALMYRA,  t.  Mississippi,  at  Palmyra- 
Bend,  about  25  m.  below  Walnut  Hills. 

PALMYRA,  t.  Edwards  co.  II.  on  the  Wa 
bash,  40  m.  by  water  below  Vincennes. 

PALMYRA,  v.  Pike  co.  Missouri,  192  m. 
NW.  from  St.  Louis. 

PALOURDE,  Grassy,  Jean,  and  Verret 
form  a  chain  of  small  lakes  between  Teche 
and  the  Fourche  river,  La.  It  is  through  this 
chain  of  lakes  that  a  ferry  has  been  established 
from  the  mouth  of  Teche  to  the  Fourche  and 
Mississippi  rivers.  The  intermediate  ground 
is  so  low  and  marshy,  as  to  render  the  forma 
tion  of  a  road  at  any  season  impracticable.  A 
small  canal  and  creek  unite  -the  Fourche,  16 
m.  from  its  efflux  from  the  Mississippi,  with 
Lake  Verret,  from  which  the  lakes  mentioned 
in  this  article,  and  their  connecting  channels, 
complete  the  communication  between  the  east 
ern  and  western  part  of  the  state. 

PAMELIA,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.Y.  Pop, 
2,263. 

PAMLICO  SOUND,  a  large  bay  on  the 
coast  of  N.  Carolina,  86  m.  long,  and  from  1C 
to  20  broad.  It  is  separated  from  the  sea  by 
a  sandy  beach  hardly  a  mile  wide,  which  is 
covered  with  bushes.  It  communicates  with 
Albemarle  Sound.  Ocrecock  is  its  principa 
outlet. 

PAMUNKY,  r.  Va.  formed  by  the  N.  and 
S.  Anna.  It  runs  SE.  and  unites  with  the 
Mattapony  to  form  York  river. 

PANAMA,  v.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 

PANSE,  r.  In.  which  flows  NW.  into  the 
Wabash,  a  little  above  the  junction  of  the  Tip- 
pecanoe. 

PANTJCO,  river  of  Mexico,  rises  near  San 
Luis  Potosi,  and  flowing  E.  over  the  state  of 
San  Luis  Potosi,  falls  into  the  Moctezuema. 

PANUCO,  city  of  Mexico,  in  the  state  of 
Vera  Cruz,  on  the  river  Panuco,  near  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  and  170  m.  N.  by  E.  of  the  city  of 
Mexico.  Lon.  21°  30'  W.;  lat.  23°  13'  N 
from  W. 

PANTHER  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  Green  river. 


P  ANTON,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Lak« 
Dhamplain,  33  m.  S.  from  Burlington.  Pop. 
505. 

PAOLI,  t.  and  cap.  Orange  co.  In.  27  N. 
from  Levenworthville,  40  E.  from  Vincennes. 

PAOLI,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

PAOLI,  v.  Orange  co.  In. 

PAPANTLA,  t.  of  Mexico,  in  the  state  of 
Puebla,  about  130  m.  NE.  from  the  city  of 
Mexico.  Lon.  20°  40'  W.;  lat.  20°  30'  N. 
from  W.  This  place  is  very  remarkable  for 
the  magnitude  and  extent  of  antiquities  found 
within  its  vicinity. 

PAPASQUIARO,  v.  of  Mexico,  in  the  SW. 
part  of  the  state  of  Durango.  Lat.  24°  58'  N. 
It  is  about  70  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Durango. 

PAPERVILLE,  v.  Sullivan  co.  Ten.  278 
m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

PARADISE,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

PARADISE,  t.  York  co.  Pa. 

PARIS,  t.  and  cap.  Oxford  co.  Me.  48  in. 
NNW.  from  Portland,  160  NNE.from  Boston. 
Pop.  2,307.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Congregation- 
alists,  and  1  for  Baptists. 

PARIS,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  SW.  from 
Utica,  101  N.  of  W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,765. 
This  is  a  large  and  valuable  township,  and  is 
the  most  populous  in  the  county,  and,  next  to 
Whitestown,  the  most  wealthy.  It  contains 
7  houses  of  public  worship,  3  for  Congrega 
tional  ists,  2  for  Methodists,  1  for  Episcopalians, 
and  1  for  Baptists ;  several  flourishing  villages, 
and  considerable  manufactures. 

PARIS,  t.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 

PARIS,  central  t.  of  Union  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
436. 

PARIS,  small  village,  Preble  co.  Ohio. 

PARIS,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  250. 

PARIS,  eastern  t.  of  Stark  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,513. 

PARIS,  v.  Jefferson  co.  In.  about  60  m.  W. 
from  Cincinnati. 

PARIS,  or  Bourbonton,  t.  and  cap.  Bourbon 
co.  Ken.  near  the  junction  of  the  Houston  and 
Stoner  creeks,  13  m.  ENE.  from  Lexington, 
80  S.  from  Cincinnati.  It  is  a  pleasant  town, 
situated  in  a  fertile  country,  and  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  Pres 
byterian  and  a  Methodist  meeting-house,  and 
several  cotton  and  woollen  manufactories.  A 
great  part  of  the  buildings  are  of  brick.  The 
surrounding  country  is  pleasant  and  fertile. 
Pop.  1,219. 

PARIS,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Henry  co. 
Ten.  on  the  dividing  ground  between  the 
sources  of  Obiou  and  Sandy  rivers,  about  100 
m.  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Nashville. 

PARIS  FURNACE,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 

PARISHVILLE,  v.  of  St.  Lawrence  co. 
N.  Y.  35  m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Ogdensburg. 

PARKE,  co.  In.  on  both  sides  of  Wabash 
river,  bounded  E.  by  Putnam,  and  S.  by  Vigo. 
Length  and  breadth  24  m.  each.  This  co.  lies 
about  60  m.  W.  from  Indianapolis. 

PARKER,  r.  Mass,  which  falls  into  the 
sound  opposite  Plum  Island,  NE.  of  Rowley. 

PARKER'S  CREEK,  r.  Md.  which  runs 
into  the  Chesapeake, 


PAR— PAT 


367 


PARKER'S  ISLAND,  isl.  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Kennebeck,  forming  a  part  of  the  town- 
ship  of  Georgetown. 

PARKER'S  ISLAND,  isl.  in  the  Chesa 
peake,  near  the  coast  of  Maryland,  15  m.  S. 
from  Annapolis.  Lon.  76°  41'  W. ;  lat.  38° 
53' N. 

PARKERSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Wood  co.  Va. 

PARKERSTOWN,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  32 
m.  WNW.  from  Windsor. 

PARKINSON'S  FERRY,  v.  Washington 
co.  Pa. 

PARKMAN,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  38  m.  NE. 
from  Norridgewock.  Pop.  803. 

PARKMAN,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio. 

PARSIPPANY,  v.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  25  m. 
NW.  from  Newark. 

PARSON'S,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass. 

PARSONSFIELD,  t.  York  co.  Me.  50  m. 
NNW.  from  York  co.  Me.  118  m.  NNE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  2,465. 

PARSON'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the 
coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  67°  25'  W  ;  lat.  44° 
36' N. 

PASCAGOULA,  t.  Miss. 


PASCAGOULA,  r.  Miss,  which  runs  S.  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico,  38  m.  W.  from  Mobile 
Bay.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  drawing  6  feet 
of  water  about  50  m.  Length  about  300  m. 

PASCAT AQUAS,  r.  Me.  runs  E.  into  the 
Penobscot,  9  m.  above  the  Passadunky. 

PASCUARO,  city  of  Mexico,  in  the  state 
of  Michoacan,  on  Lake  Pascuaro.  It  is  ele 
vated  7,217  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  135  m.  W.  from  Mexico. 

PASO,  del  Norte,  town  of  Mexico,  in  New 
Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte.  Lon. 
from  W.  26°  3'  W. ;  lat.  30°  40'  N. 

PASQUIARO,  town  of  Mexico,  in  Durango, 
near  the  Rio  Nasos. 

PASQUOTANK,  r.  N.  C.  which  rises  in 
Dismal  Swamp,  and  runs  into  Albemarle 
Sound.  It  is  connected  with  Elizabeth  river 
by  a  canal,  which  forms  a  communication  be- 
tween  James  river  and  Albemarle  Sound. 

PASQUOTANK,  co.  NE.  part  of  N.  C. 
Pop.  8,616.  Chief  town,  Elizabeth  city 

PASSADUNKY,  or  Passadumkeag,  r.  Me. 
which  runs  SE.  and  joins  the  Penobscot,  19 
m.  above  Bangor. 


PASSAIC  FALLS. 


PASSAIC,,r.  N.  J.  which  flows  S.  into  New- 
ark  Bay.  It  is  navigable  10  m.  for  small  ves 
sels.  At  Patterson,  which  is  situated  on  this 
stream,  are  the  Passaic  Falls :  here  the  river 
has  a  fall  of  72  feet  perpendicular,  presenting  a 
scene  of  singular  beauty  and  grandeur.  It  is 
rauch  visited  as  an  interesting  natural  curiosity. 

PASSAMAQUODDY,  bay,  which  forms  a 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Maine  and  New 
Brunswick.  It  is  about  6  m.  m  extent  from  N. 
to  S.  and  12  from  E.  to  W. 

PATAPSCO,  r.  Md.  rises  in  the  NW.  cor 
ner  of  Baltimore  co.  runs  SE.  and  empties  into 
the  Chesapeake  Bay,  between  North  Point  and 
Bodkin  Point  It  is  navigable  to  Baltimore 
city,  which  is  situated  on  it,  14  m.  from  its 
mouth,  for  vessels  of  the  largest  class. 

PATCHOGNE,  t  on  the  S.  side  of  Long 
Island,  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  50  m.  E.  from  the 
city  of  N.  Y, 

PATCHOGUE,  v.  in  Brookhaven,  N.  Y. 

PATESVILLE,  v.  Breckenridge  co.  Ken. 

PATIENCE,  isl.  in  Narraganset  Bay,  R.  I. 
NW.  of  Prudence  Island,  2  miles  long  and  1 
broad. 


PATOKA,  r.  U.  S.  in  In.  rising  in  Orange 
and  Crawford  cos.  and  flowing  thence  in  a 
western  direction,  about  80  m.  over  Dubois, 
Pike,  and  Gibson  cos.  empties  into  the  Wabash, 
3  m.  below  the  mouth  of  White  river. 

PATRICK,  co,  S.  side  of  Va.  bounded  N. 
by  Franklin  co.  E.  by  Henry  co.  S.  by  N.  C. 
and  NW.  by  Grayson  and  Montgomery  cos. 
Pop.  7,393. 

PATRICKSVILLE,  v.  Guilford  co.  N.  C. 

PATRICKSVILLE,  v.  Craven  co.  N.  C. 
near  Newbern. 

PATRICKTOWN,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me. 
Pop.  382. 

PATRICK,  C.  H.  Patrick  co.  Va.  45  m.  SE. 
by  E.  from  Evansville,  and  270  SW.  by  W. 
from  Richmond. 

PATRICK'S  SALT  WORKS,  Perry  co. 
Ken.  87  m.  SE.  from  Frankfort. 

PATTEN'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
nto  the  Ohio.  Lon.  85°  50'  W.;  lat.  38° 
22' N. 

PATTERSON,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
Passaic,  15  m.  N.  from  Newark,  97  in.  NNE. 
rom  Philadelphia,  Patterson  is  one  of  the 


368 


PAT— PEE 


largest  and  most  flourishing  manufacturing 
villages  W.  of  Massachusetts.  It  is  situated 
just  below  the  romantic  falls  of  the  Passaic, 
which  supplies  water-power  to  any  extent. 
The  numerous  establishments  have  recently 
created  a  very  considerable  town.  It  contains 
17  cotton  factories,  a  clock  factory,  an  iron  fac 
tory,  manufacturing  900,000  Ibs.  iron,  and 
850,000  Ibs.  nails.  The  cotton  factories  annu 
ally  manufacture  2,000,000  Ibs.  The  flax  fac 
tory  600,000  Ibs.  of  flax.  There  is  one  machine 
shop  employing  150  hands.  Connected  with 
it  is  an  iron  and  brass  foundery,  working  an 
nually  600,000  Ibs  of  iron,  and  16,500  of  brass. 
It  contains  5  or  6  houses  of  public  worship. 

PATTERSON,  t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  23  m. 
SE.  from  Poughkeepsie,  107  SSE.  from  Al 
bany.  Pop.  1,536. 

PATTISON'S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the 
Potomac.  Lon.  78°  46'  W. ;  lat.  39°  32'  N. 

PATTONSBURG,  v.  Botetourt  co.  Va. 

PATUCKET  FALLS,  on  the  Merrimack, 
between  Chelmsfbrd  and  Dracut,  a  little  above 
the  mouth  of  Concord  river,  li  m.  below  the 
head  of  Middlesex  canal,  10  m.  W.  from  An- 
dover.  The  perpendicular  descent  is  28  feet. 
A  canal  1£  m.  long  is  constructed  around  the 
falls,  and  a  bridge  is  built  across  the  river  at 
the  principal  descent.  Here  is  a  small  village 
in  the  township  of  Chelmsford,  with  a  post- 
office  and  several  cotton  manufactories. 

PATUXENT,  r.  Md.  which  runs  SE.  into 
Chesapeake  Bay,  18  m.  N.  of  the  Potomac.  It 
is  navigable  for  vessels  of  250  tons  to  Notting 
ham,  50  m. 

PAULDING,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  by  In.  W. 
Williams  N.  Henry  and  Putnam  E.  and  Van- 
wert  S.  Length  24  m.  mean  width  18.  Mau- 
mee  river  crosses  its  northern  side. 

PAULINGS,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson. 

PAULIN'S  KILL,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into 
the  Delaware.  Lon.  75°  9'  W. ;  lat.  40°  54'  N. 

PAWCATUCK,  r.  which  runs  between 
Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut,  and  falls  into 
Stonington  Harbor. 

PAWLET,  r.  which  rises  in  Vt.  and  runs 
NW.  into  Wood  Creek,  in  New  York. 

PAWLET,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  33  m.  N.  from 
Bennington.  Pop.  1,965.  This  is  a  consider 
able  agricultural  township,  and  has  a  village 
containing  some  manufactures  and  trade. 

PAWLING,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  20  m. 
SE.  from  Poughkeepsie,  105  S.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  1,705. 

PAWTUCKET,  v.  partly  in  North  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.  and  partly  in  Seekhonk,  Mass,  on 
the  Pawtucket  r.  4  m.  NE.  from  Providence. 
Pop.  about  4,000.  It  is  noted  for  the  number 
and  extent  of  its  manufactures,  and  the  thri 
ving  village  that  has  sprung  up  about  them. 
These  factories  are  at  the  charming  cascade 
of  Pawtucket  river.  Five  or  six  public  build 
ings,  two  banks,  ten  or  twelve  cotton  factories, 
and  as  many  other  factories,  have  here  been 
the  growth  of  a  few  years.  The  whirling  of 
the  mills,  the  dashing  of  the  water,  and  the 
activity  of  the  village,  altogether  constitute  a 
spectacle  of  great  interest. 


PAWTUCKET,  r.  R.  I.  which  rises  in  Mass, 
where  it  is  called  the  Blackstone,  passes  through 
NE.  part  of  Rhode  Island,  and  flows  into  Nar- 
raganset  Bay,  just  below  Providence.  Below 
the  falls  it  is  called  the  Seekhonk.  The  de 
scent  at  the  falls  is  about  50  feet. 

PAWTUXET,  v.  in  Cranston,  R.  I.  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Pawtuxet,  4  m.  S.  from  Provi 
dence.  It  contains  a  bank  and  an  academy, 
It  is  a  flourishing  village,  and  has  consider 
able  trade. 

PAXTON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  8  m.  W. 
Worcester,  48  W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  597. 

PAXTON,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  791. 

PAYNESVILLE,  v.  Rockingham  co.  N.C. 

PEABODY,  r.  N.H.  which  joins  the  An 
droscoggin,  in  Shelburne. 

PEACE  RIVER.     Sec  Mackenzie's  River. 

PEACHAM,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  6  m.  S. 
from  Danville,  27  E.  from  Montpelier,  51  N 
from  Dartmouth  College.  Pop.  1,351.  This 
is  a  pleasant  and  valuable  agricultural  town, 
and  it  has  a  small  village  containing  an 
academy  and  a  Congregational  meeting-house, 

PEACH  BOTTOM,  v.  York  co.  Pa. 

PEACH  TOWN,  v.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 

PEAKS,  mts.  extending  from  Straffbrd  in 
N.  H.  to  the  White  Mountains;  2,500  feet  high. 

PEAKS  OF  OTTER,  in  Bedford  co.  Va. 
30  m.  W.  by  N.  from  Lynchburg.  Lat.  37° 
33'  N.  They  are  summits  of  the  Blue  Ridge, 
and  are  considered  the  most  elevated  points  of 
land  in  Virginia.  The  altitude  of  the  eastern 
peak,  is  3,104  feet ;  that  of  the  western,  2,946. 
According  to  another  statement,  the  elevation 
is  3,955  feet.  The  summits  are  composed  of 
granite. 

PEARLINGTON,  v.  Hancock  co.  Mis.  56 
m.  SE.  from  Jackson. 

PEARL  RIVER,  r.  Mis.  which  runs  S.  and 
joins  the  Rigolets,  which  forms  a  communica 
tion  between  Lakes  Ponchar train  and  Borgne. 
In  the  S.  part  of  its  course,  Pearl  River  sepa 
rates  the  state  of  Mississippi  from  Louisiana. 
It  is  the  largest  river  between  the  Mississipp* 
and  Mobile. 

PEASE,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  2,27L 

PEDEE,  Great,  r.  S.C.  which  rises  in  N.C. 
where  it  is  called  Yadkiny  and  runs  SSE.  into 
Winyaw  Bay,  near  Georgetown,  and  commu 
nicates  with  the  Atlantic,  12  m.  below  George 
town.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  of  60  or  70 
tons,  about  200  m. 

PEDEE,  Little,  r.  S.  C.  which  rises  in  N.C. 
and  unites  with  the  Great  Pedee,  32  m.  above 
its  mouth. 

PEDLAR'S  MILLS,  v.  Amherst  co.  Va.  150 
m.  W.  from  Richmond. 

PEDRICKSBURG,  v.  Salem  co.  N.J.  10 
m.  N.  from  Salem. 

PEEKSKILL,  v.  in  Cortlandt,  Westehes- 
ter  co.  N.  Y.  on  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  near 
the  mouth  of  Peekskill  creek,  40  m.  N.  from 
New  York.  It  has  a  printing-office,  and  con 
siderable  trade. 

PEELED  OAK,  v.  Bath  co.  Ken.  73  m.  E. 
from  Frankfort. 

PEELING,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.H.  20  m.  N. 
from  Plymouth,  and  557  from  W.  Pop  203^ 


PEE— PER 


3G9 


There  are  3  considerable  mountains  in  this 
township,  viz.  Cushman's,  Blue,  and  Black 
mountains. 

PEEPEE,  t  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto, 
18  m.  S.  from  Chillicothe. 

PEGUNNOCK,  r.  N.J.  which  joins  the 
Passaic,  at  Horseneck. 

PEJEPSCOT,  or  Pegypscot,  t.  Cumberland 
co.  Me.  on  the  Androscoggin,  30  m.  NNE,  from 
Portland,  140  NNE.  from  Boston. 

PELAGIE,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the  Mis 
souri.  Lon.  91°  30'  W. ;  lat.  38°  30'  N. 

PELHAM,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  40  m. 
SSE.  from  Concord,  45  SW.  from  Portsmouth. 

PELHAM,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  14  m. 
ENE.  from  Northampton,  85  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  904. 

PELHAM,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.Y.  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  18  m.  NE.  from  New 
York.  Pop.  334. 

PELICAN  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Mississippi. 

PELICAN  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small  isls. 
near  the  coast  of  Mississippi. 

PEMAQUID,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Maine, 
containing  several  small  islands.  Lon.  69° 
30'  W. ;  lat.  43°  50'  N. 

PEMBROKE,  t  Merrimack  co.  N.H.  on 
E.  side  of  the  Merrimack,  6  m.  SE.  from  Con 
cord.  Pop.  1,312.  It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and 
contains  several  paper-mills  and  other  manu 
facturing  establishments. 

PEMBROKE,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  12  m. 
NW.  from  Plymouth,  23  SSE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,324. 

PEMBROKE,  v.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 

PEMIGEW  ASSET,  name  applied  to  the 
main  branch  of  the  Merrimack,  till  it  is  joined 
by  the  Winnipiseogee,  at  Sanborntown.  Its 
sources  are  from  the  White  Mountains,  and 
Moosehillock,  and  its  length,  to  its  junction 
with  the  Winnipiseogee,  about  70  m. 

PENDLETON,  co.  central  part  of  Va. 
bounded  NE.  by  Hardy  co.  ESE.  by  Rocking 
ham  and  Augusta  cos.  S.  by  Bath,  and  WNW. 
by  Randolph.  Pop.  6,271.  Chief  town,  Franklin. 

PENDLETON,  co.  N.  part  of  Ken.  Pop. 
3,866.  Chief  town,  Falmouth. 

PENFIELD,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  S. 
side  of  Lake  Ontario,  23  m.  NNW.  from  Ca- 
nandaigua.  Here  are  valuable  salt-springs, 
and  abundance  of  bog  iron-ore. 

PENNFIELD,  NE.  t.  Monroe  co  N.  Y.  on 
Irondequot  Bay,  6  m.  E.  from  Rochester. 

PENNINGTON,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  9 
m.  W.  from  Princeton.  It  is  pleasant  and 
flourishing,  and  contains  40  or  50  houses. 

PENNSBOROUGH,  v.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 
on  E.  side  of  the  Susquehannah,  about  18  m. 
ESE.  from  Williamsport. 

PENN'S  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  Susquehannah,  4  m.  below  Sunbury. 

PENN'S  NECK,  Upper,  t.  Salem  co.  N.J. 

PENN'S  NECK,  Lower,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J. 

PENN'S  VALLEY,  in  the  SE.  part  of 
Centre  co.  Pa.  between  the  Brush  and  Path 
Valley  mountains. 

PENN  YAN,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Yates 
2W 


co.  N.  Y.  is  situated  on  the  E.  and  W.  line  be 
tween  the  townships  of  Benton  and  Milo,  and 
a  small  distance  N.  of  the  outlet  of  Crooked 
Lake,  13  m.  nearly  S.  from  Geneva. 

PENNSYLVANIA,  one  of  the  U.  S>    See 

Pa?ENNYTOWN,  v.  Hunterdon  co,  N.  J, 
10  m.  NNW.  from  Trenton. 

PENO,  t.  Pike  co.  Miso. 

PENOBSCOT,  co.  Maine,  bounded  E.  by 
Washington  and  Hancock  cos.  S.  by  Hancock 
and  Waldo  cos.  and  W.  by  Somerset  co.  It  is 
watered  by  the  Penobscot,  formed  from  N.  part 
of  Hancock  co.  Chief  town,  Bangor.  Pop, 
31,530. 

PENOBSCOT,  s-p.  Hancock  co.  Me.  on  E. 
side  of  Penobscot  Bay ;  4  m,  N.  from  Castine, 
240  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,271.  It  is  a 
place  of  considerable  trade. 

PENOBSCOT,  the  largest  river  in  Maine. 
The  western  and  principal  branch  rises  in  the 
western  part  of  the  state,  some  of  its  sources 
being  near  the  head-waters  of  the  Chaudiere, 
and  others  near  those  of  the  St.  John's.  It 
flows  E.  by  S.  through  Chesuncook  and  Pern- 
midumpkok  lakes,  and  unites  with  the  eastern 
branch,  54  miles  in  a  right  line  N,  by  E.  from 
Bangor. 

PENOBSCOT  BAY,  large  bay  of  the  At 
lantic,  on  S.  coast  of  Maine.  It  embosoms 
Long  Island,  on  which  is  the  town  of  Isleslxv 
rough,  the  Fox  Islands,  containing  the  town 
of  Vinalhaven,  and  several  smaller  islands.  It 
is  a  very  fine  bay,  affords  great  advantages  of 
navigation,  and  its  islands  present  a  variety  of 
beautiful  landscapes.  Its  entrance,  between' 
the  Isle  of  Holt  and  Owl's  Head,  is  18  miles 
wide,  and  its  length  from  N.  to  S.  is  about  30< 
Lon.  68°  40'  to  68°  56'  W.;  lat  44°  to  44° 
30' N. 

PENOBSCOT  HILLS,  mountains,  Me.  or! 
the  W.  coast  of  Penobscot  Bay. 

PENSACOLA,  t.  Escambia  co.  W.  Florida, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  the  largest  town 
in  West  Florida,  and  has  a  capacious  harbor,- 
but  the  town  can  be  approached  only  by  small 
vessels.  It  is  a  naval  station  of  the  U.  States. 
The  situation  is  comparatively  healthy,  and  the 
town  is  somewhat  thriving.  The  town  was 
founded  at  an  early  period  by  the  Spaniards. 
It  is  50  m.  ESE.  from  Mobile,  900  SW.  from 
W.  Lat.  30°  25' N. ;  Ion.  87°  W.  Pop.  2,000, 

PEPPERELL,  t,  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  6  m, 
NW.  from  Groton,  39  NW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,440. 

PEQUANNACK,  t.  Morris  co.  N.J.  bor 
dering  on  Bergen  co.  Pop.  4,451. 

PEQUANOCK,  small  r.  N.  J.  in  Bergen 
and  Morris  cos.  It  joins  Long  Pond  and  Rani- 
pough  rivers,  at  Pompton,  to  form  Pompton 
river. 

PEQUEA  CREEK,  *r.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  Susquehannah,  2  or  3  miles  below  the 
Conestoga. 

PEQUEST,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into  the 
Delaware,  Ion.  75°  10'  W. ;  lat  40°  47'  N. 

PERAMES,  v.  Bergen  co.  N.J.  10  m.  NNW, 
from  Hackinsack,  21  NNW.  from  New  York, 


370 


PER— PER 


PERGHE  RIVER,  v.  n  a  small  creek,  so 
called,  in  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  The  creek  rises 
by  a  small  lake,  18  or  20  m.  NE.  from  Saek- 
et's  Harbor,  and  falls  into  Black  River  Bay,  4 
miles  below  Brownsville. 

PERCHES  AND  CAVE,  Rapids  de,  on  the 
south- westerly  branch  of  the  Ottawa  river,  im 
mediately  above  le  Portages  des  Paresseux. 

PERCIVAL'S,  v.  Brunswick  co.  Va.  68  m. 
a  little  W.  of  S.  from  Richmond. 

PERCY,  t.  Northumberland  co.  L.  C. 

PERCY,  t.  Northumberland  co.  U.  C.  in  the 
rear  and  N.  of  Cramahe. 

PERDIDO,  r.  which  runs  S.  separating 
West  Florida  from  Alabama,  and  flows  into 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  12  m.  W.  of  Pensacola, 
and  32  E.  of  Mobile  Point.  It  forms  a  con- 
siderable  bay  at  its  mouth. 

PERINTON,  t  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  between 
Pittsford  and  Macedon.  The  t.  lies  on  both 
sides  of  the  Erie  canal,  10  m.  SE.  of  Rochester. 
Pop.  2,155. 

PERKINS,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  in  which  is 
situated  the  town  called  Sandusky  City.  Pop. 
335. 

PERKINSONVILLE,  v.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

PERKIOMEN,  r.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
which  runs  into  the  Schuylkill,  about  10  miles 
above  Norristown. 

PEROTE,  t.  of  Mexico,  in  the  state  of  Vera 
Cruz,  about  75  m.  NW.  from  the  city  of  Vera 
Gruz,  and  110  nearly  E.  from  Mexico.  Lat. 
19°  30'  N.  Near  this  city  rises  the  vast  moun 
tain  called  by  the  Spaniards  Coffre  de  Perote, 
the  Naughcampatepetl,  of  the  Aztecs,  13,414 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

PERQUIMANS,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  lat.  36°  5'  N. 

PERQUIMANS,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Al- 
bemarle  Sound  S.  Chowan  co.  W.  Gates  NW. 
and  Pasquotank  NE.  and  E.  Length  20  m. 
mean  width  10.  Chief  town,  Hertford.  Pop. 
7,417. 

PERRY,  t.  Washington  co.  Me.  25  m.  NE. 
from  Machias.  Pop.  735. 

PERRY,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  2,792. 

PERRY,  co.  Pa.  bounded  by  Cumberland  S. 
Franklin  SW.  Mifflin  NW.  and  the  Susque- 
hannah  river,  or  Dauphin  SE.  Length  38  m. 
mean  width  14.  Chief  town,  New  Bloomfield. 
Pop.  14,257. 

PERRY,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Harlan  S. 
Clay  W.  EstiU  NW.  Pike  N.  arid  Floyd  E. 
Length  50  m.  mean  width  20.  Pop.  3,331. 

PERRY,  interior  co.  of  Ohio,  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Licking  co.  E.  by  Muskingum  and 
Morgan,  S.  by  Athens  and  Hocking,  W.  by 
Fairfield  co.  Length  24  m.  width  18.  Chief 
town,  Somerset.  Pop.  14,018. 

PERRY,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

PERRY,  t,  Shelby  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  349. 

PERRY,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,148. 

PERRY,  t,  Richland  co.  Ohio,    Pop.  1,082. 

PERRY,  t.  Brown  co,  Ohio.     Pop.  1,018. 

PERRY,  t.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,055. 

PERRY,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  S.  of 
Lancaster.  Pop.  814. 

PERRY,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  W.  from 
Gallipolis.  Pop.  622. 


PERRY,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  634 

PERRY,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Ohio  river  SE. 
and  S.  Spencer  W.  Dubois  N  W.  and  Crawford 
N.  and  NE.  Length  28  m.  mean  width  15. 
Surface  broken,  and  soil  fertile.  Pop.  in  1820, 
2,330  ;  in  1830,  3,378. 

PERRY,  co.  Ten.  bounded  by  Wayne  S. 
Hardin  SW.  Henderson  W.  Carroll  NW,  Hum 
phries  N.  and  Hickman  E.  Length  33  m. 
mean  width  26.  Pop.  in  1820, 2,384 ;  in  1830, 
7,038.  Shannonsville  is  the  chief  town. 

PERRY,  central  co.  of  Al.  bounded  by  Dal- 
las  S.  Greene  W.  Tuscaloosa  NW.  Bibb  NE. 
and  Autauga  SE.  Cahawba  river  flows  across 
this  co.  from  N.  to  S.  dividing  it  into  almost 
equal  sections.  Pop.  11,509. 

PERRY,  co.  Mis.  bounded  by  Jackson  and 
Hancock  S.  Marion  W.  Covington  N.  and 
Greene  E.  Length  30  m.  breadth  30.  Pop.  in 
1820,  2,037 ;  in  1830,  2,285.  Chief  town,  Au 
gusta. 

PERRY,  C.  H.  Perry  co.  Ken. 

PERRY,  C.  H.  Perry  co.  Al.  on  Cahawba  r. 
50  m.  SE.  from  Tuscaloosa. 

PERRY,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

PERRY,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  E, 
from  Zanesville. 

PERRY,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio. 

PERRY,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

PERRYOPOLIS,  v.  in  the  lower,  or  north, 
ern  part  of  Fayette  co.  Pa.  16  m.  a  little  W, 
of  N.  from  Uniontown,  and  8  m.  NE.  from 
Brownsville. 

PERRYSBURG,  t  Ohio,  at  the  Lower 
Rapids  of  the  Maumee,  36  m.  W.  by  N.  from 
Croghansville,  140  NW.  from  Columbus. 

PERRYSBURG,  NW.  t.  Cataraugus  co. 
N.Y.  on  Cataraugus  creek,  30  m.  S.  from 
Buffalo.  Pop.  2,440. 

PERRYSBURG,  t.  Wood  co.  Ohio,  at  the 
Lower  Rapids  of  Maumee  river,  and  on  the 
right  bank  of  that  stream,  135  m.  NNW.from 
Columbus,  80  SW.  from  Detroit,  and  50  SW. 
by  W.  from  the  Bass  Islands  in  Lake  Erie. 

PERRY'S  MILLS,  v.  Tatnall  co.  Geo.  115 
m.  SE.  from  Milledgeville. 

PERRYSVILLE,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  7 
m.  N.  from  Pittsburg. 

PERRYSVILLE,  v.  Bond  co.  II.  on  the 
Kaskaskia,  50  m.  E.  by  N.  from  St.  Louis,  30 
from  Edwardsville. 

PERRYSVILLE,  t.  Mercer  co.  Ken. 

PERRYSVILLE,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 

PERRYSVILLE,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio,  on 
an  eastern  fork  of  the  Mohiccon  creek. 

PERRYVILLE,  v.  Perry  co.  Miso.  about 
80  m.  a  little  E.  of  S.  from  St.  Louis. 

PERRYVILLE,  v.  Perry  co.  Ten.  112  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Murfreesborough. 

PERSON,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Virginia 
N.  Granville  E.  Orange  S.  and  Caswell  W. 
It  is  a  square  of  20  m.  each  side.  Pop.  in 
1820,  9,029;  m  1830,  10,027.  Chief  town, 
Roxborough. 

PERTH  AMBOY.    See  Anib&y. 

PERU,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  38  m.  NNE, 
from  Bennington.  Pop.  455. 

PERU,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  16  m.  NNE 
from  Lenox,  125  W.  from  Boston,  Pop.  729, 


PER— PHI 


371 


PERU,  t.  Ciinton  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  140  m.  N.  from  Albany.  Pop.  4,949. 

PERU,  v.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  130  m.  N.  from 
Columbus. 

PERUVIAN  MOUNTAINS,  in  N.  York, 
W.  of  Lake  Champlain. 

PESQUEMANSET,  r.  Bristol  co.  Mass, 
which  runs  into  the  sea,  at  Dartmouth. 

PETERBOROUGH,  t.  Hillsborough  co. 
N.  H.  watered  by  the  Contoocook,  18  m.  W. 
from  Amherst,  38  SW.  from  Concord,  64 
NW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,984.  This  is  one 
of  the  most  considerable  manufacturing  towns 
in  the  state,  and  contains  an  oil-mill,  a  paper- 
mill,  a  woollen  manufactory,  and  five  cotton 
manufactories. 

PETERBOROUGH,  v.  Smithfield,  Madison 
co.  N.  Y.  29  m.  SW.  from  Utica,  Lon.  75° 
38'  W.;  lat.  42°  57'  N.  It  is  pleasantly  situat 
ed  on  Oneida  creek,  and  on  the  turnpike,  and 
contains  a  printing-office,  an  arsenal,  and 
considerable  manufactures  and  trade. 

PETERSBURG,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  47  m. 
from  Harrisburg. 

PETERSBURG,  v.  8  m.  SE.  from  Gettys 
burg,  Adams  co.  Pa. 

PETERSBURG,  v.  Perry  co.  Pa.  on  the 
right  bank  of  Susquehannah  river,  15  m.  above 
Harrisburg. 

PETERSBURG,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  18 
m.  E.  from  Troy.  Pop.  2,011. 

PETERSBURG,  v.  Adams  co.  Pa.  25  m. 
SW.  from  York. 

PETERSBURG,  t  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Susquehannah,  15  m.  above 
Harrisburg. 

PETERSBURG,  port  of  entry,  Dinwiddie 
co.  Va.  on  S.  bank  of  the  Appomatox,  just  be 
low  the  Falls,  12  m.  above  its  junction  with  the 
James  river,  at  City  Point,  25  m.  S.  by  E. 
from  Richmond.  It  contains  an  academy,  2 
banks,  a  Masonic  Hall,  arid  several  houses  of 
public  worship.  It  has  considerable  commerce 
in  tobacco  and  flour,  owns  considerable  ship 
ping,  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most 
flourishing  towns  in  the  state.  Its  situation 
at  the  head  of  navigation,  and  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Falls,  is  highly  advantageous,  as  the 
water-power  afforded  by  the  Falls  is  turned  to 
good  account  in  several  extensive  and  valuable 
mills.  The  river  is  navigable  to  this  place  for 
vessels  of  100  tons.  The  town  contains  8,322 
inhabitants. 

PETERSBURG,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio,  14 
m.  ENE.  from  New  Lisbon. 

PETERSBURG,  t.  Woodford  co.  Ken.  on 
the  river  Kentucky,  15  m.  SSE.  from  Frankfort. 

PETERSBURG,  t.  Elbert  co.  Geo.  on  the 
Savannah,  53  m.  above  Augusta.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  flourishing  town. 

PETERSBURG,  v.  Boone  co.  Ken. 

PETERSBURG,  v.  Pike  co.  In.  156  m. 
SSE.  from  Indianapolis. 

PETERSHAM,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  30 
m.  NW.  from  Worcester,  30  ENE.  from  North 
ampton,  67  W.  by  N.  from  Boston.  It  has  a 
pleasant  and  elevated  situation,  and  is  one  of 
the  best  agricultural  towns  in  the  state.  It  is 
well  watered  by  several  streams  which  supply 


a  number  of  factories  and  forges.  Here  are 
also  considerable  manufactories  of  straw  hats 
and  bonnets.  Pop.  1,695. 

PETERSTOWN,  v.  Monroe  co.  Va. 

PETERSVILLE,  v.  Frederick  co.  Md. 

PEYTONSBURG,  v.  Pittsylvania  co.  Va. 
18  m.  NW.  from  South  Boston. 

PHARSALIA,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 

PHELPS,  t  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  R  from 
Canandaigua.  Pop.  4,798. 

PHILADELPHIA,  New,  t  and  cap.  Tus- 
carawas  co.  Ohio,  50  m.  NE.  from  Zanesville, 
314  from  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  east  branch 
of  the  Muskingum,  on  a  large  and  handsome 
plain,  and  contains  the  county  buildings.  Pop. 
410. 

PHILADELPHIA,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.Y. 
173  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

PHILADELPHIA,  v.  on  the  northern  bor 
der  of  Monroe  co.  Ten.  and  on  Sweet-water 
creek,  about  35  m.  SW.  from  Knoxville. 

PHILADELPHIA,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by 
Bucks  co.  E.  and  SE.  by  Delaware  river,  SW, 
by  Delaware  co.  and  W.  by  Montgomery  co. 
Its  greatest  length  from  NE.  to  SW.  is  18  m. 
average  width  7  m.  area  about  120  sq.  ms.  The 
population  of  this  county,  exclusive  of  the 
city  (proper)  of  Philadelphia,  but  including  the 
Northern  Liberties,  Kensington,  Spring  Gar. 
den,  and  Southwark,  is  108,509. 

PHILADELPHIA,  city,  port  of  entry,  and 
the  second  city  in  the  Union,  is  situated  in  the 
SE.  corner  of  Pennsylvania,  in  a  county  of  the 
same  name.  It  occupies  the  narrowest  part 
of  the  isthmus  between  the  rivers  Delaware 
and  Schuylkill,  about  5  m.  above  their  conflu 
ence,  and  about  100  m.  from  the  sea.  It  is  300 
m.  SW.  of  Boston,  90  SW.  of  New  York,  137 
NE.  of  Washington,  and  100  NE.  of  Balti 
more.  Lon.  75°  10'  W.;  lat.  39°  57'  N.  Pop. 
of  the  city  and  liberties,  in  1802,  62,000  ;  in 
1810,  92,247;  in  1820,  108,116;  in  1830, 
161,437.  There  is  a  sufficient  depth  of  water 
in  the  Schuylkill  to  admit  large  merchant  ves 
sels  up  to  the  wharves  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
city,  and  ships  of  any  size  can  ascend  to  it  by 
the  Delaware.  It  is  the  most  regularly  built 
city  in  the  United  States.  Its  principal  streets 
are  100  feet  wide,  and  the  others  not  less  than 
50.  They  are  perfectly  straight,  and  intersect 
each  other  at  right  angles.  Many  of  them  are 
beautifully  shaded,  all  are  well  paved,  and  kept 
remarkably  clean.  The  houses  are  of  brick, 
and  generally  of  three  stories.  It  is  un 
questionably  among  the  most  manufacturing 
cities,  all  tilings  taken  into  view,  in  the  United 
States.  Among  all  the  extensive  branches  for 
which  it  is  famous,  paper,  printing,  and  pub 
lishing  are  important  items.  A  great  number 
of  gazettes,  periodicals,  and  monthlies  are  is- 
sued ;  and  one  quarterly  critical,  and  another 
quarterly  medical  journal.  This  city  vies  with 
Boston  in  the  number  and  extent  of  its  school 
and  classical  books.  It  has  a  reputation  also  for 
the  extent  and  excellence  of  its  breweries.  Its 
literary,  philosophical,  and  humane  institutions 
are  worthy  of  all  praise.  The  Philadelphia 
Library  owes  its  origin  to  the  illustrious  Frank 


372 


PHI-PHI 


PHILADELPHIA,  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


lin.  It  contains  a  museum,  a  philosophical 
apparatus,  the  Philadelphia  Library,  and  the 
Loganian  Library,  amounting  in  all  to  42,000 
volumes.  The  American  Philosophical  Society, 
the  Philadelphia  Society  for  Promoting  Agri 
culture,  the  Athenaeum,  and  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences,  are  all  important  institutions, 
and  have  libraries  and  collections.  The 
Friends'  Library  contains  a  respectable  collec 
tion,  and  the  Friends'  Common  School  Insti 
tution  is  an  important  and  efficient  one.  There 
are  among  the  literary  institutions  great  num 
bers  of  Laneasterian,  Sunday,  and  infant 
schools.  Among  the  humane  institutions  is 
one  for  the  deaf  and  dumb.  One  of  the  noblest 
establishments  in  this  or  any  other  state  is  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital.  It  extends  a  front  of 


273  feet,  and  has  a  large  building  connected 
with  it,  sufficient  to  contain  50  or  60  patients. 
Appended  to  it  is  a  beautiful  garden.  There 
are  admirable  arrangements  for  every  thing 
appertaining  to  the  comfort  and  restoration  of 
the  diseased,  both  in  body  and  mind.  West's 
splendid  picture  of  Christ  Healing  the  Sick  is 
properly  kept  in  this  institution,  and  for  a 
trifling  gratuity  shown  to  strangers.  There 
are  over  40  public  buildings  and  85  houses  of 
public  worship.  The  names,  uses,  and  dimen 
sions  of  some  of  the  public  buildings  follow. — 
The  First  Presbyterian  Church  is  a  noble 
building,  as  are  the  Episcopal  churches  in 
Eighth  and  Tenth  streets.  The  new  Roman 
Catholic  Church  of  St.  John's,  in  Thirteenth 
street,  is  considered  an  admirable  specimen  of 


UNITED  STATES  BANK,  PHILADELPHIA. 


the  Gothic  style,  and  its  interior  is  splendidly 
decorated  with  stained  glass,  &c.  The  Market 
is  a  low  range  of  buildings  in  the  middle  of 
Market  street,  extending  from  the  Delaware  to 
Eighth  street.  The  Bank  of  the  United  States 


in  Chesnut  street,  is  considered  the  most  fin 
ished  specimen  of  pure  Grecian  architecture 
in  the  Union.  It  is  of  white  marble,  with 
Doric  columns  in  front.  The  Bank  of  Penn 
sylvania  fronts  two  streets  with  Ionic  columns,, 


PHI-PHI 


373 


and  is  of  white  marble.  The  State  House  is 
a  large  brick  building  in  Chesnut  street.  Gi- 
rard's  Bank  is  a  beautiful  marble  building 
with  Corinthian  columns.  The  Arcade  is  an 
imposing  structure,  leading  from  Chesnut  to 
Carpenter  street.  It  is  fitted  up  with  shops, 
and  in  the  second  story  with  piazzas,  and  con 
tains  Peak's  Museum.  The  Theatre  in  Ches 
nut  street  has  a  marble  front.  The  Masonic 
Hall,  a  little  further  on,  is  in  the  Gothic  style. 
The  Academy  of  Arts  is  in  Chesnut  street, 
between  Tenth  and  Eleventh.  Among  the 
statues  are  the  Three  Graces  of  Canova,  and 
a  gallery  of  pictures  principally  the  works  of 
American  artists.  The  Mint  of  the  United 
States  is  in  Philadelphia,  and  the  building 
forms  an  important  addition  to  the  public  edi 
fices  :  it  fronts  on  Chesnut  near  Broad  street, 
and  is  built  entirely  of  white  marble.  The 
amount  coined  annually  varies  from  two  and 
a  half  to  three  million  dollars.  The  Schuyl- 
kill  Water- Works  are  a  splendid  establish 
ment,  and  noted  especially  for  the  rich  and 
varied  prospect  enjoyed  from  them.  The  build 
ing  in  which  the  machinery  is  contained  is  a 
handsome  one,  and  the  machinery  is  capable 
of  raising  7  million  gallons  of  water  in  24 
hours.  The  wheels  are  driven  by  a  current 
from  a  dam  above.  The  reservoirs  are  on  a 
hill,  higher  than  any  part  of  the  city.  The 
pipes  extend  34  or  35  m.  This  grand  work 
abundantly  repays  the  inspection.  Pratt's 
Garden,  in  full  view  of  the  Water- Works,  is  a 
charming  place,  and  well  worthy  to  be  visited. 
The  Penitentiary  has  the  aspect  of  a  fortress. 
The  wall  is  of  granite,  40  feet  high,  and  in 
closes  a  square  650  feet  each  way.  The  Navy 
Hospital,  2  m.  SW.  of  the  centre  of  the  city, 
has  a  front  of  386  feet,  and  is  3  stories  high. 
It  is  built  partly  of  granite  and  partly  of  mar 
ble.  The  Navy  Yard  is  of  great  extent,  and 
fitted  up  with  first-rate  appurtenances  for 
building  frigates  and  ships  of  the  line.  The 
Pennsylvania,  building  here,  it  is  said,  will  be 
the  largest  ship  in  the  world,  and  is  to  carry 
160  guns.  The  new  Aims-House,  upon  the 
western  bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  is  a  very  ex 
tensive  structure,  having  a  front  upon  the  river 
of  about  1,000  feet.  The  House  of  Refuge  is 
near  the  city,  upon  the  Ridge  Road,  and  is 
a  substantial  and  commodious  edifice.  The 
University  of  Pennsylvania  was  incorporated 
in  1791.  The  number  annually  admitted 
to  degrees  is  usually  about  30.  The  Medical 
Institution  belonging  to  the  University  has  8 
professors,  and  has  the  reputation  of  being  the 
first  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  Union.  It 
has  about  500  students  from  various  parts  of 
the  U.  States.  Its  buildings  are  two  large  and 
elegant  edifices  in  Ninth  street,  between  Ches 
nut  and  Market.  The  Jefferson  Medical  Col 
lege,  situated  in  Tenth  street,  is  another  insti 
tution  of  this  kind :  it  has,  at  present,  a  smaller 
number  of  students.  The  Philadelphia  Prison  is 
a.  more  interesting  object  to  humanity  than  the 
most  gorgeous  palaces.  It  presents  the  practi 
cal  application  of  principles  which  worldly 
men  have  derided,  and  philosophy  has  upheld 
without  daring  to  hope  for  their  adoption.  The  j 


convicts  are  all  employed  in  various  kinds  of 
mechanical  labor,  the  proceeds  of  which,  when 
they  exceed  the  expenses  of  their  prosecution 
and  support  during  their  confinement,  are  di 
vided,  one-half  being  paid  to  the  prisoner  at 
his  discharge,  and  the  balance  retained  by  tho 
state.  The  humane  and  rational  system  of 
discipline  established,  and  so  successfully 
maintained  in  this  prison,  has  become  a  model 
for  those  of  the  other  states.  Though  separated 
by  justice  from  society,  and  condemned  to 
years  of  toil,  the  prisoners  are  not  supposed  to 
have  lost  the  distinctive  attributes  of  human 
nature :  they  are  treated  as  rational  beings, 
operated  on  by  rational  motives,  and  repay  this 
treatment  by  improved  habits  of  industry  and 
submission.  The  public  squares  of  this  city, 
from  their  frequency,  verdure,  and  the  num 
ber  of  people  promenading  them,  give  it  an 
appearance  of  rural  beauty,  which  few  large 
and  commercial  cities  possess.  No  city  in  the 
Union  can  show  such  long  ranges  of  uniform 
and  magnificent  houses  as  this.  Uniformity, 
neatness,  and  utility  are  its  standing  charac 
teristics.  Two  men,  whose  names  will  be  co 
eval  with  time,  differing  in  a  thousand  re- 
gpects  from  each  other,  have  been  enabled  to 
stamp  a  blended  impress  of  their  own  peculiar 
intellectual  character  upon  the  aspect  and  in 
stitutions  of  Philadelphia.  The  one  is  Frank 
lin,  the  simple  and  sagacious  expounder  of  the 
doctrine  of  utility ;  the  other,  William  Penn, 
the  memorable  patriarch,  the  immortal  as- 
serter  of  toleration,  a  doctrine  in  his  time  little 
known,  but  now  as  universally  admitted  and 
lauded  in  theory,  as  it  is  generally  disregarded 
in  practice.  Another  celebrated  individual, 
Stephen  Girard,  who  closed  his  life  within  the 
present  year,  by  his  great  exertions  and  unex 
ampled  success  in  commerce  and  banking, 
contributed  largely  during  his  life  to  the  pros 
perity  of  this  city.  By  perseverance  and  good 
fortune,  he  accumulated  possessions  in  real 
estate  and  money,  to  the  amount  of  more  than 
ten  millions  of  dollars ;  and  at  his  death,  he 
bequeathed  more  than  three-fourths  of  this  im 
mense  sum  to  the  corporation  of  Philadelphia, 
and  to  various  charitable  and  benevolent  insti 
tutions  in  the  city.  By  his  will,  two  million 
dollars  are  to  be  appropriated  to  the  building 
and  endowment  of  a  college  for  the  gratuitous 
support  and  education  of  orphans.  This  col 
lege  is  to  be  110  by  160  feet,  3  stories  high, 
and  sufficiently  spacious  to  accommodate  300 
scholars.  It  is  to  be  built  entirely  of  white 
marble,  and,  together  with  the  Exchange 
(which  is  now  in  a  course  of  erection,  and  to 
be  formed  of  the  same  material)  will  add  to 
the  noble  edifices  which  adorn  and  beautify 
the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

PHILANTHROPY,  v.Butler  co.Ohio,  122 
m.  SW.  from  Columbus. 

PHILLIPS,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  40  m.  NW. 
from  Norridgewock.  Pop.  954. 

PHILLIP'S  POINT,  cape  in  Lynn,  Mass. 
Lon.  70°  54'  W. ;  lat.  42°  30'  N. 

PHILLIP'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  which  unites 
with  the  Upper  Amoonoosuc,  in  Piercy. 

PHILIPS,  co.  of  Ark.  lying  along  the  Mis- 


374 


PHI— PIQ 


sissippi  and  St.  Francis  rivers.  Chief  town, 
St.  Helena,  on  the  Mississippi.  Pop.  1,152. 

PHILLIPSBURG,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  70 
m.  below  Steubenville,  and  on  the  Ohio  river. 

PHILLIPSBURG,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

PHILLIPSBURG,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa.  about 
24  ra.  W.  from  Bellefonte. 

PHILLIPSBURG,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  Delaware,  opposite  Easton,  41  m.  above 
Trenton. 

PHILLIPSBURG,  t.  Lincoln  co  Me.  on 
the  Kennebeck,  17  m.  SW.  from  Wiscasset. 
Pop.  1,311. 

PHILLIPSTON,  v.  Worcester  co.  Mass. 

PHILLIPSTOWN,  t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Hudson,  opposite  West  Point 
Pop.  4,816. 

PHILLIPSVILLE,  v.  Feliciana  co.  Lou. 

PIANKATANK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the 
Chesapeake.  Lon.  76"  25'  W. ;  lat.  37°  32'  N. 

PICKAWAY,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Ross 
S.  Fayette  W.  Madison  NW.  Delaware  N. 
Fairfield  E.  and  Hocking  SE.  Length  22, 
width  21  m.  Pop.  in  1820,  13,149 ;  in  1830, 
15,935.  Chief  town,  Circleville. 

PICKAWAY,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  3  m. 
from  Circleville.  Pop.  1,766. 

PICKENSVILLE,  t.  Pendleton  co.  S.  C.  on 
the  Saluda,  15  m.  SE.  from  Greenville,  110  m. 
WNW.  from  Columbia.  It  contains  but  a  few 
houses. 

PICKERING,  t.  of  York  co.  U.C.  on  Lake 
Ontario,  E.  from  York. 

PIERCE'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  Piscata- 
qua  harbor  N.  H. 

PIERCY,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  9  NE.  from 
Lancaster.  Pop.  236. 

PIERMONT,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
Connecticut,  opposite  Bradford,  5  m.  S.  from 
HaverhiU.  Pop.  1,042. 

PIERPONT,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
Pop.  749. 

PIG  POINT,  v.  Ann.Arundel  co.  Md. 

PIGEON  RIVER,  r.  Ten.  which  runs  into 
the  French  Broad  river.  Little  Pigeon  joins 
the  same  river  9  m.  below,  in  Jefferson  co. 

PIGWACKET,  or  Pequocket,  the  Indian 
name  of  a  tract  of  country  on  the  borders  of 
N.  H.  and  Maine,  including  Conway,  Frye- 
burg,  and  the  adjacent  towns. 

PIKE,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  2,016. 

PIKE,  co.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Pa.  on  the 
Delaware  river.  Length  40,  breadth  about  25 
m.  Pop.  4,843.  Chief  town,  Milford. 

PIKE,  v.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 

PIKE,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  S.  by  Scioto,  SW. 
by  Adams,  W.  by  Highland,  N.  by  Ross,  and 
E.  by  Hocking  and  Jackson.  Length  32, 
breadth  15  m,  Chief  town,  Piketon.  Pop.  in 
1820,  4,253 ;  in  1830,  6,024. 

PIKE,  co.  of  In.  bounded  by  Warwick  S. 
Gibson  W.  White  river  or  Knox  and  Davies 
N.  and  Dubois  E.  Length  24,  breadth  17  m. 
Patoka,  branch  of  Wabash,  passes  through  the 
middle  of  this  co.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,472;  in 
1830,  2,464.  Chief  town,  Petersburg. 

PIKE,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  996. 

PIKE,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,119. 

PIKE,  NW.  t  Madison  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  339. 


PIKE,  one  of  the  extreme  eastern  cos.  of 
Ken.  bounded  by  Harland  and  Perry  SW.  by 
Perry  W.  by  Floyd  N.  and  by  Cumberland 
mountain  or  Russell  and  Tazewell  cos.  Va.  SE. 
Length  50,  and  mean  width  15  m.  Pop.  2,677. 
Chief  town,  Pikeville. 

PIKE,  co.  Miso.  bounded  by  Lincoln  and 
Montgomery  S.  by  Rails  W.  and  NW.  and  by 
Mississippi  river  E.  This  co.  would  average 
about  20  m.  square,  or  400  sq.  m.  Pop.  in 
1820,  3,747,  but  including  then  a  large  space 
N.  of  Missouri  river,  now  included  in  other 
cos.;  in  1830,  6,122.  Chief  town,  Bowling 
Green. 

PIKE,  co.  Miss,  bounded  by  Lou.  S.  Amite 
W.  Lawrence  N.  and  Marion  E.  Length  27, 
width  30  m.  Pop.  in  1820,  4,438 ;  in  1830, 
5,402.  Chief  town,  Holmesville. 

PIKE,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

PIKE,  t.  in  the  southern  part  of  Stark  co. 
Ohio.  Pop.  1,273. 

PIKE,  NW.  t.  of  Clarke  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,115. 

PIKE,  C.  H.  Pike  co.  Ken. 

PIKE,  r.  Lou.  which  runs  into  the  Missis- 
sippi,  70  m.  below  Sable  Lake. 

PIKETON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Pike  co. 
Ohio,  19  m.  S.  from  Chillicothe. 

PIKEVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Bled- 
soe  co.  Ten.  on  Sequachee  river,  80  m.  a  little  S. 
of  E.  from  Murfreesborough,  and  608  from  W. 

PIKEVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Marion 
co.  Al.  about  70  m.  NW.  from  Tuscaloosa. 

PIKESVILLE,  v.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 

PILESGROVE,  t.  Salem  co.N.  J.  Pop.  2,150. 

PINCKNEY,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Miso.  on 
the  Missouri  river,  about  60  m.  W.  from  St. 
Louis. 

PINCKNEY,  t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  783. 

PINCKNE YVILLE,  t.  Union  district,  S.  C. 
on  Broad  river,  75  m.  NNW.  from  Columbia. 
It  contains  but  a  few  houses. 

PINCKNEYVILLE,  t.  Wilkinson  co.  Miss. 
5  m.  E.  of  the  Mississippi,  and  about  16  m. 
SE.  from  Fort  Adams.  It  is  situated  in  a  very 
pleasant  and  fertile  country. 

PINE  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  S.  into 
the  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  2  or  3 
m.  W.  of  Jersey  shore. 

PINE  GROVE,  v.  Schuylkill  co.  Pa.  8  m. 
from  Womelsdorf. 

PINE  GROVE  MILLS,  v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

PINE  HILL,  v.  York  district,  S.C. 

PINE  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  which  flows  into 
Ossipee  Lake. 

PINE  RIVER,  r.  In.  which  runs  into  the 
Wabash. 

PINEVILLE,  v.  Charleston  district,  S.  C. 
about  40  miles  from  Charleston.  Here  is  an 
academy. 

PINEY  GROVE,  v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

FILEMAKER'S  CREEK,  r.  Geo.  which 
runs  into  the  Savannah. 

PIQUA,  or  Piquatown,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Great  Miami,  130  m.  from  its  mouth,  8 
m.  N.  from  Troy,  30  S.  from  Wapaghkanetta, 
67  WNW.  from  Columbus,  and  125  S.  from 
Fort  Meigs.  It  is  delightfully  situated,  and  is 
a  flourishing  town.  Pop.  488, 


PIS— PIT 


375 


PISCASICK,  r.  N.  H.  which  joins  the  Lam- 
prey,  in  Durham. 

PISCATAQUA,  r.  N.  H.  which  rises  in 
Wakefield,  separates  N.  H.  from  Maine,  and 
pursuing  a  SSE.  course  of  about  40  m.  flows 
into  the  Atlantic,  below  Portsmouth.  From 
its  source  to  Berwick  lower  falls,  it  is  called 
Salmon  Fall  river ;  thence  to  the  junction  of 
the  Chocheco,  it  takes  the  name  of  Newicha- 
wannock,  and  afterwards  that  of  Piscataqua. 
This  river  affords  a  sloop  navigation  to  the 
towns  of  Dover,  Newmarket,  Durham,  and 
Exeter.  Piscataqua  Harbor,  formed  by  the 
mouth,  is  one  of  the  finest  on  the  continent. 

PISCATAQUIS,  r.  Me.  which  runs  E.  into 
the  Penobscot,  25  m.  below  the  junction  of  the 
Metawamkeak.  Length  100  m. 

PISCATAQUOG,  r.  N.  H.  which  rises  in 
Deerfield  and  Francestown,  and  runs  ESE. 
into  the  Merrimack,  in  NE.  corner  of  Bedford. 

PISCATAWAY,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  on 


the  Raritan,  3£  m.  NE.  from  New  Brunswick, 
14  SW.  from  Elizabethtown.  Pop.  2,664. 

PISCATAWAY,  t.  Prince  George  co.  Md. 
on  the  Piscataway,  16  m.  N.  from  Port  To- 
bacco. 

PISCATAWAY,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into 
the  Potomac,  8  m.  below  Alexandria. 

PITCH  LANDING,  v.  Hertford  co.  N.  C. 

PITT,  co.  N.  C.  Pop.  12,174.  Greenville 
is  the  chief  town. 

PITT,  Cape,  cape  on  NW.  coast  of  Amer 
ica,  in  Dixon's  Entrance.  Lon.  132°  10'  W. ; 
lat.  54°  50'  N. 

PITT,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  New 
Georgia.  Lon.  158°  29'  E. ;  lat.  8°  55'  S. 

PITTSBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Chatham  co. 
N.  C.  30  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh,  54  NNW.  from 
Fayetteville,  and  319  from  W.  It  is  situated 
on  an  eminence,  in  a  very  fertile  and  well  cul 
tivated  country,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a 
jail,  and  an  academy. 


PITTSBURG,  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


PITTSBURG,  city,  and  cap.  Alleghany  co. 
Pa.  230  m.  WNW.  from  Baltimore,  297  W.  by 
N.  from  Philadelphia,  335  from  Lexington, 
Ken.  1,100  from  New  Orleans  by  land  and 
2.000  by  water,  and  223  from  W.  Lat.  40° 
40'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  W.  It  is  situated  on  a  beau 
tiful  plain,  on  a  broad  point  of  land,  where  the 
confluence  of  the  Alleghany  and  Monongahela 
forms  the  Ohio.  The  suburbs  of  Pittsburg  are 
Alleghanytown,  Northern  Liberties,  Birming 
ham  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Monongahela, 
Lawrenceville-East  Liberty,  and  remainder  of 
Pitt  township.  Population  of  the  city  proper 
12,540,  and  of  the  suburbs  9,983.  Total,  22,433. 
The  town  is  compactly,  and  in  some  streets 
handsomely  built ;  although  the  universal  use 
of  pit  coal  for  culinary  and  manufacturing 
purposes  has  carried  such  quantities  of  fine 
black  matter,  driven  off  in  the  smoke  into  the 
air,  and  deposited  it  on  the  walls  of  the  houses, 
and  every  thing,  that  can  be  blackened  with 


coal  smoke,  as  to  have  given  the  town  a  gloomy 
aspect  Its  position  and  advantages,  as  a  man- 
ufacturing  town,  and  its  acknowledged  health- 
fulness,  will  continue,  however,  to  render  it  a 
place  of  attraction  for  builders,  manufacturers, 
and  capitalists.  At  the  present  time  the  fol 
.owing  articles  are  manufactured  on  a  great 
scale :  iron-mongery  of  every  description,  steam 
engines,  and  enginery,  and  iron  work  in  gen 
eral  ;  cutlery  of  all  descriptions ;  glass  and  pa 
per,  cotton,  and  woollens,  pottery,  chemicals, 
tin,  and  copper  ware  are  manufactured,  and 
exported  to  a  great  extent.  Boat  arid  steam 
boat  building  have  been  pursued  here  on  a 
greater  scale,  than  in  any  other  town  in  the 
western  country.  So  long  ago  as  1814,  4,055 
wagons  of  four  and  six  horses,  employed  as 
transport  wagons,  passed  between  this  place 
and  Philadelphia.  Boats  of  the  smaller  kinds 
are  continually  departing  down  the  river  at  all 
seasons,  when  the  waters  will  admit.  In  mod- 


376 


PIT— PLA 


crate  stages  of  the  rivef,  great  numbers  o: 
steam-boats  arrive,  and  depart.  Large  con 
tracts  are  continually  ordered  from  all  th 
towns  on  the  waters  of  the  Ohio  and  Missis 
sippi,  for  machinery,  steam-boat  castings,  am 
the  various  manufactures  it  produces.  It  i 
supplied  with  water  by  a  high-pressure  steam 
engine  of  84  horse  power,  which  raises  the 
water  116  feet  above  the  Alleghany  river.  A 
million  and  a  half  gallons  of  water  can  be  rais 
ed  in  24  hours.  These  works  went  into  ope 
ration  in  1828.  The  churches  in  this  city  are 
a  Baptist,  Roman  Catholic,  Covenanters',  Se 
coders',  a  Methodist  church,  German  Lutheran 
church,  Union  church,  Episcopal  church,  firs 
and  second  Presbyterian  churches,  Unitarian 
church,  second  Methodist  church,  and  an  Af 
rican  church,  making  a  total  of  13.  The  othe 
public  buildings  are  the  Western  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Pittsburg  High  School,  Pitts 
burg  Exchange,  Mansion  House,  and  Hotel 
Lambdin's  Museum,  the  U.  S.  Bank,  and  the 
Pittsburg  Bank.  There  are  11  large  establish 
ments  of  iron  fbunderies,  in  which  were  man 
ufactured  from  pigs,  in  1830, 5,339  tons.  There 
are  six  rolling  mills  and  iron  works  with  nai 
factories  attached,  in  which  were  manufactur 
ed  in  the  same  year  7,950  tons  of  pigs  into 
blooms,  and  2,805  tons  into  nails.  There  are 
four  large  cotton  factories,  in  the  largest  of 
which  are  10,000  spindles,  spinning  1,400 
pounds  of  yarn  weekly.  There  are  two  large 
establishments  of  glass  works,  and  270  other 
large  manufacturing  establishments  of  a  mis 
cellaneous  character.  This  city  has  immense 
advantages  of  artificial  as  well  as  natural  water 
communications.  The  great  Pennsylvania  ca 
nal,  over  500  miles  in  length,  terminates  here 
Another  canal  is  laid  out  to  connect  it  with 
Lake  Erie  through  Meadville ;  and  still  a  third 
is  proposed  to  the  mouth  of  Mahoning,  where 
it  will  connect  with  a  branch  of  the  Ohio  and 
Erie  canal  from  its  summit  head. 

PITTSFIELD,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  40  m. 
NW.  from  Windsor.     Pop.  505. 

PITTSFIELD,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  6  m 
N.  from  Lenox,  36  ESE.  from  Albany,  40  W 
from  Northampton,  and  136  W.  from  Boston, 
Pop.  3,570.  It  is  watered  by  the  Housatonnuc, 
is  a  pleasant  and  flourishing  town,  and  a  place 
of  considerable  trade  and  manufactures.  It 
contains  3  houses  of  public  worship,  2  for  Con- 
gregationalists  and  1  for  Methodists,  a  bank,  a 
town-house,  an  excellent  female  academy,  a 
printing-office  from  which  is  issued  a  weekly 
newspaper,  several  woollen  manufactories,  a 
marble  manufactory,  a  manufactory  of  small- 
arms,  and  a  drum  manufactory.  Large  num 
bers  of  chaises,  coaches,  and  wagons  are  made 
here.  Good  marble  is  found  here.  The  U.  S. 
have  barracks  here  sufficient  to  accommodate 
2,000  men,  and  a  hospital.  Pittsfield  is  situ 
ated  in  a  very  fertile  tract  of  country,  and  is 
one  of  the  best  agricultural  towns  in  the  state. 
PITTSFIELD,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  15  m. 
WSW.  from  Cooperstown.  Pop.  1,005. 

PITTSFIELD,  v.  Somerset  co.  Me.  98  m. 
N.  from  Portland. 

PITTSFORD,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  the  Ot 


ter  Creek,  34  m.  NW.  from  Windsor.    Pop. 
2^005.     Here  is  a  valuable  quarry  of  marble* 

PITTSGROVE,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  28  m.  S. 
from  Philadelphia. 

PITTSTON,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  on  E, 
side  of  the  Kennebeck,  opposite  Gardiner,  7  m, 
S.  from  Augusta,  and  160  NNE.  from  Boston, 
Pop.  1,804. 

PITTSTON,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  58  m. 
NNE.  from  Philadelphia. 

PITTSTON,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 
PITTSTOWN,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N,  Y.  NE, 
from  Lansingburg.     Pop.  3,702. 

PITTSYLVANIA,  C.  H.  Pittsylvania  co. 
Va.  on  Bannister  river,  176  m.  SW.  from 
Richmond. 

PITTSYLVANIA,  co.  Va.  bounded  by  N. 
Carolina  S.  Henry  and  Franklin  cos.  W.  Roan- 
oke  river,  or  Bedford  and  Campbell  N.  and  HaJ- 
ifax  E.  Length  36  m.  mean  width  28.  Pop. 
in  1820,  21,313 ;  in  1830,  26,023.  Chief  town, 
Danville. 

PLACENTIA,  spacious  bay  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Newfoundland. 

PLAIN,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  W.  from  Woos- 
ter.  Pop.  1,263. 

PLAIN,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  842. 

PLAINFIELD,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  wa 
tered  by  the  Onion  river,  9  m.  E.  from  Mont- 
pelier.  Pop.  874. 

PLAINFIELD,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  H,on  the 
Connecticut,  11  m.  S.  from  Dartmouth  College, 
14  N.  from  Claremont,  55  NW.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  1,581.  Union  Academy,  a  well  endowed 
seminary,  is  in  this  town.  It  has  a  principal,, 
an  assistant,  and  about  100  students.  There 
are  falls  in  the  Connecticut  at  this  place. 

PLAINFIELD,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  21 
m.  NW.  from  Northampton,  and  110  W.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  983. 

PLAINFIELD,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  on  E, 
side  of  the  Quinebaug,  4  m.  E.  from  Canter- 
jury,  and  15  NE.  from  Norwich.  Pop.  2,289, 
This  is  a  pleasant  and  valuable  town,  and  con- 
;ains  a  respectable  academy. 

PLAINFIELD,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  15  m, 
NW.  from  Cooperstown,  81  W.  from  Albany, 
Pop.  1,626. 

PLAINFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J. 

PLAINFIELD,  v.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio,  76 
m.  NE.  from  Columbus.. 

PLAISTOW,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.H.  12 
m.  W.  from  Newburyport,  and  28  SW.  from 
Portsmouth. 

PLANE,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,469. 

PLAQUEMINE,  outlet  of  the  Mississippi, 
.17  m.  above  New  Orleans,  36  above  the  efflux 
f  Lafourche,  and  96-  below  thatof  Atchafalaya. 

PLAQUEMINE  BEND,  remarkable  bend 
)f  the  Mississippi,  70  m.  below  New  Orleans. 

PLAQUEMINES,  parish,  La.  on  both  sides 
)f  the  Mississippi,  near  its  mouth.  Pop.  4,489. 

PLAQUEMINES,  fort,  La.  on  the  Missis- 
ippi,  43  m.  below  New  Orleans.  A  small  gar- 
ison  is  kept  here  for  the  purpose  of  examin- 
ng  all  vessels  that  pass. 

PLATTE,  La,  r.  Vt.  which  runs  into  Lak* 
^hamplain,  at  Shelburne. 

PLATTE,  La,  r.  La.  which  rises  in  Uie 


FLA— PLY 


377 


ftocky  Mountains,  and  after  an  E.  course  of 
about  1,600  m.  joins  the  Missouri,  600  m.  from 
the  Mississippi. 

PLATTE,  Little,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the 
Missouri,  349  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

PLATTEKILL,  t  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  22  m.  S. 
from  Kingston.  Pop.  1,936. 

PLATTSBURG,  t  and  cap. Clinton  co.N.Y. 
on  W.  side  of  Lake  Champlain,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Saranac,  160  m.  N.  from  Albany,  60  Si 
from  Montreal.  Lon.  73°  25'  W. ;  lat.  44°  42' 
N.  Pop.  4,913.  The  U.  S.  barracks  are  4  m. 
above  the  village,  on  the  Saranac.  Plattsburg 
village  is  handsomely  laid  out;  it  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  a  Presbyterian  church,  an 
academy,  a  bank,  and  a  printing-office^  and  is 
a  place  of  considerable  trade.  This  place  is 
memorable  for  the  effectual  resistance,  on  the 
llth  of  Sept.  1814,  of  2,500  Americans,  under 
Gen.  Macomb,  to  the  British  force  of  14,000 
men,  under  Sir  George  Prevost ;  and  in  the 
bay  before  this  town,  Commodore  M'Donough 
obtained  a  signal  victory  over  the  British  fleet. 

PLEASANT,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,763. 

PLEASANT,  t.  in  the  SW.  corner  of  Frank 
lin  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  164. 

PLEASANT,  t.  in  the  SE.  corner  of  Madi 
son  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  857. 

PLEASANT,  t.  in  the  north-eastern  part  of 
Clarke  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  821. 

PLEASANT,  t  Brown  co.  Ohio,  in  which 
is  situated  the  town  of  Ripley.  Pop.  1,917. 

PLEASANT  GROVE,  v.  Lunenburg  co.  Va 

PLEASANT  GROVE,  v.  Orange  co.  N.C 

PLEASANT  GROVE,  v.  Greenville  dis 
trict,  S.  C. 

PLEASANT  PLAINS,  v.  Franklin  co.  Ten 

PLEASANT  RIVER,  r.  Me.  which  runs 
into  the  sea,  between  Columbia  and  Addison 
and  forms  a  bay  at  its  mouth,  to  which  it  gives 
name,  Ion.  67°  40'  W. ;  lat.  44°  35'  N. 

PLEASANT  VALLEY,  v.  in  Clinton 
Dutchess  co.  N.  Y»  7  m.  E.  of  Poughkeepsie 
This  is  a  flourishing  village,  and  has  consider 
able  manufactories. 

PLEASANT  VALLEY,  v.  in  Elizabeth 
town,  N.Y. 

PLEASANT  VALLEY,  t.  Fairfax  co.  Va 

PLEIN,  n  which  rises  in  the  NW.  Terri 
tory,  flows  into  Indiana,  and  unites  with  the 
Theakiki,  to  form  the  Illinois. 

PLESIS,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  184  m.  NW 
from  Albany. 

PLUCKEMIN,  v.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 

PLUIE,  La,  lake,  N.  America.  Lon.  93C 
40' W.;  lat,  48°  50' N. 

PLUIE,  La,  r.  which  forms  a  communica 
tion  between  Lake  la  Pluie  and  the  Lake 
the  Woods. 

PLUM  ISLAND,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coast  of  Massachusetts,  between  Newbury 
port  and  Ipswich,  9  m.  long  and  1  broad.  It 
south  end  is  on  the  north  side  of  the  entranci 
of  Ipswich  harbor,  and  its  north  end  on  thi 
south  side  of  the  entrance  of  Newburyport  har 
bor.  Near  the  north  end  there  are  two  lights 
Several  houses  have  been  erected  on  this  islanc 
W  the  Marine  and  Humane  Socictv,  for  th 
2X 


elief  of  distressed  mariners.     This  island  is  a 
)lace  of  much  resort  in  the  summer. 

PLUM  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  NE. 
:oast  of  Long  Island,  in  the  state  of  N.  Y.  It 
s  annexed  to  Southold. 

PLUYE,  r.  In.  which  runs  into  the  The 
akiki. 

PLYMOUTH,  t.  Windsor  coi  Vt.  18  rm  W. 
rom  Windsor.  Pop.  1,237.  A  remarkable 
lavern  was  discovered  in  this  town  in  1818.  It 
s  situated  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain,  near  the 
lead  of  Black  river,  and  has  5  apartments,  the 
argest  of  which  is  30  feet  long,  20  broad,  and 
20  high.  Two  of  the  others  are  nearly  as 
arge.  The  rocks  which  form  the  cavern  are 
wholly  of  limestone.  Numerous  petrifactions 
.re  found  here,  most  of  which  resemble  icicles 
ranging  from  the  rocks. 

PLYMOUTH,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.H.  on  Wi 
ide  of  the  Merrimack,  31  m.  SSE.  from  Haver- 
hill,  43  N.  from  Concord,  70  NW.  from  Ports 
mouth.  Pop.  1,175.  In  the  north  part  of  the 
town  there  is  a  pleasant  village,  containing  a 
court-house  and  a  Congregational  meeting- 
louse.  The  courts  of  the  county  are  held  al- 
;ernately  here  and  at  HaverhilL 

PLYMOUTH,  co.  Mass,  bounded  by  Cape 
Hod  and  Boston  Bays  NE.  Barnstable  co.  and 
Buzzard's  Bay  SE.  Bristol  co.  SW.  and  Nor* 
folk  co.  NW.  Length  30  m.  mean  width  20. 
Pop,  in  1820^  38,136;  in  1830,  42,993.  It  is 
the  original  seat  of  the  colonization  of  New 
England.  Chief  town,  Plymouth; 

PLYMOUTH,  s-p,  and  cap.  Plymouth  co. 
Mass.  36  m.  SSE.  from  Boston.  Lon.  TO0  30' 
W.;  lat.  41°  58'  N.  Pop.  4,751.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  and  4  houses  of 
public  worship — 3  for  Congrcgationalists,  and 
1  for  Baptists.  The  harbor  is  spacious,  but 
hallow.  Vessels  drawing  more  than  10  or  11 
feet  of  water  cannot  approach  the  wharves 
without  being  lightened  at  some  distance  from 
them.  A  small  stream  which  passes  through 
the  town,  furnishes  valuable  wateNpOwer, 
where  have  been  erected  several  important 
manufactories  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  and 
extensive  iron  works.  Plymouth  is>  the  oldest 
town  in  New  England^  The  first  settlers  land 
ed  here  on  the  22d  of  December  1620 ;  this 
anniversary  is  still  observed.  The  rock  on 
which  they  landed  was  conveyed,  in  1774,  to 
the  centre  of  the  town. 

PLYMOUTH,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  10  m. 
SE,  from  Litchfield*  Pop.  2,064. 

PLYMOUTH,  t.  Chenango  co.  N-  Y.  7  m. 
NW.  from  Norwich,  107  W.  from  Albany 
Pop.  1,591. 

PLYMOUTH,  t.  Luzerne  cb;  Paa  on  the 
Susquehannah,  nearly  opposite  Wilkesbarre. 

PLYMOUTH,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 

PLYMOUTH,  s-p.  and  cap.  Washington  co. 
Ni  C.  near  the  mouth  of  the  Roanoke,  20  m.  S. 
from  Edenton. 

PLYMOUTH,  t  the  northern  limits  of 
Richland  co.  Ohio. 

PLYMOUTH,  v.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  15  m. 
SE.  by  E.  from  Rutland. 

PLYMPTON,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  10  m, 
NW.  from  Plymouth,  32  S.  from  Boston,  Pop* 


378 


POC— POP 


920.    It  contains  a  cotton,  a  woollen  manufac 
tory,  and  a  forge. 

POCAHONTAS,  t.  Chesterfield  co.  Va.  on 
N.  side  of  the  Appomatox,  opposite  Petersburg, 
and  included  within  the  borough  of  Petersburg, 

POCATALIGO,  v.  Beaufort  district,  S.  C, 
64  m,  WSW.  from  Charleston. 

POKOMOKE,  r.  in  SE.  part  of  Md.  which 
runs  SW.  into  the  Chesapeake,  forming  a  con 
siderable  bay  at  its  mouth.  Length  40  m. 

POESTON  KILL,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into 
the  Hudson,  S.  of  Troy.  Length  20  m. 

POINT  ADAMS,  cape,  on  W.  coast  of  N. 
America,  S.  of  the  entrance  into  the  river  Co 
lumbia.  Lon.  124°  57'  W. ;  lat.  46°  15'  N. 

POINT  ALDERTON,  SW.  point  of  Boston 
Harbor,  on  the  coast  of  Massachusetts. 

POINT  AU  FER,  headland  in  N.  part  of 
Lake  Champlain,  given  by  the  British  to  the 
United  States,  in  1769. 

POINT  BAGADUCE,  cape  in  Penobscot 
Bay,  on  the  coast  of  Maine. 

POINT  CHICOT,  v.  of  Arkansas,  on  the 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Arkansas  river. 

POINT  COMFORT,  cape  on  the  coast  of 
Va.  at  the  mouth  of  James  river. 

POINT  COUPEE,  co.  La.  Pop.  5,936. 
Chief  town,  Point  Coupee. 

POINT  COUPEE,  t.  and  cap.  Point  Coupee 
co.  La.  on  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  30  m. 
N.  from  Baton  Rogue,  1,210  from  W. 

POINT  HARMER,  v.  in  the  township  of 
Marietta,  Ohio,  on  the  Muskingum.    It  is  ver 
pleasantly  situated,  and  contains  a  steam-mill 
of  stone,  4  stories  high,  and  about  50  hand 
some  dwelling-houses. 

POINT  JUDITH,  cape  on  the  SE.  corner 
of  South  Kingston,  Rhode  Island,  on  W.  side 
of  Narraganset  Bay,  9  m.  SSW.  from  Newport. 
Lon.  71°  35' W.;  lat.  41°  24' N. 

POINT  LABADDIE,  v.  on  Missouri  river, 
in  Franklin  co.  Miso.  30  m.  above  St.  Charles. 

POINT  LOOKOUT,  cape  on  the  coast  of 
Md.  on  N.  side  of  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac. 

POINT  MARYLAND,  headland  in  the 
river  Potomac,  W.  of  Port  Tobacco. 

POINTOPOLIS,  v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  190 
m.  SW.  from  Columbus. 

POINT  PLEASANT,  t.  Mason  co.  Va.  just 
above  the  confluence  of  Kenhawa  with  the 
Ohio,  5  m.  NE.  from  Gallipolis. 

POINT  PLEASANT,  v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  river.  It  contains 
about  25  houses,  immediately  below  the  mouth 
of  Indian  creek,  21  m.  SW.  from  Williams- 
burg.  Pop.  116. 

POINT  PLEASANT,  v.  Martin  co.  In.  126 
m.  SSW.  from  Indianapolis. 

POINT  REMOVE,  v.  Pulaski  co.  Arkansas, 
60  m.  from  Little  Rock. 

POINT  SALISBURY,  cape,  on  the  coast 
of  Massachusetts,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Mer- 
rimack  river,  N.  of  the  entrance  of  Newbury- 
port  harbor. 

POINT  SHERIFF,  cape  in  Columbia  river, 
on  W.  coast  of  N.  America. 

POINT  TOBACCO,  cape  on  the  coast  of 


Maryland,  in  the  Potomac,  37  m.  SSW.  from 
Annapolis. 

POKETALICO,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Ken 
hawa.  Lon.  81°  51'  W. ;  lat.  38°  l&  N. 

POLAND,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  entrance  of  the  Little  Androscog- 
gin,  30  m.  N.  from  Portland,  140  m.  NNE. 
from  Boston. 

POLAND,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ma- 
honing,  18m.  SE.  from  Warren,  62  N  W.  from 
Pittsburg.  Pop.  1,186.  It  contains  a  furnace, 
a  forge,  and  other  mills. 

POLLARDSVILLE,  v.  Greenville  district, 
S.  Carolina. 

POMFRET,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt  22  m.  N 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,867. 

POMFRET,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  40  m.  E- 
from  Hartford,  57  SW.  from  Boston.  It  is  an 
excellent  agricultural  town,  and  has  a  very 
large  cotton  manufactory.  Near  the  centre  of 
the  town  there  is  a  pleasant  village,  where 
several  turnpikes  meet. 

POMFRET,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake 
Erie,  containing  the  villages  of  Dunkirk  and 
Fredonia.  Pop.  3,386. 

POMME,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Mississippi. 
Lon.  90°  15'  W.;  lat.  37°  18'  N. 

POMPEY,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  11  m.  SE, 
from  Onondaga,  146  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
4,812.  This  is  a  valuable  agricultural  town, 
and  has  an  academy. 

POMPTON,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J. 

POMUNKY  CREEK,  r.  Maryland,  which 
runs  into  the  Potomac. 

PONDICHERRY,  mt.  N.  H.  in  Breton 
Woods,  and  Jefferson. 

PONCHARTRAIN,  lake,  La.  about  35  m, 
long  from  E.  to  W.  and  25  broad,  and  gener 
ally  from  12  to  20  feet  deep.  It  communicates 
with  Lake  Borgne  on  the  SE.  with  Lake  Mau- 
repas  on  the  NW.  and  with  the  city  of  New 
Orleans  by  Bayou  St.  John,  on  the  S. 

PONTIAC,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Oakland 
co.  Mich,  on  Huron  river  of  Lake  St.  Clair.  It 
stands  in  a  very  fertile  district. 

POOL,  r.  Mississippi,  which  runs  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico. 

POOL'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  Chesa 
peake.  Lon.  76°  23'  W. ;  lat.  39°  22'  N. 

POOLESVILLE,  v.  Spartanburg  district, 
S.  Carolina. 

POOLS  VILLE,  t.  NW.  part  of  Montgomery 
co.  Md.  33  m.  NW.  from  W. 

POOSHAW,  lake,  in  Hancock  co.  Me.  It 
is  9  m.  long,  and  4  broad.  It  communicates 
with  the  Penobscot  by  Pooshaw  river,  which, 
after  a  course  of  15  m.  flows  into  the  Penob 
scot,  on  W.  side,  opposite  Marsh  Island. 

POPACHTON,  r.  one  of  the  higher  condu 
cts  of  Delaware  river,  rises  in  Greene  co. 
N.  Y.  and  thence  flowing  into  Delaware  co. 
continues  a  SW.  course  of  50  m.  into  the  Del 
aware  river. 

POPE,  co.  II.  bounded  SE.  and  S.  by  Ohio 
river,  W.  by  Johnson,  and  N.  and  NE.  by  Gal- 
latin.  Length  30  m.  mean  width  20.  Pop.  in 
1820,  2,610;  in  1830,  3,323.  Chief  town, 
Golconda. 


POP— FOR 


379 


POPLAR  CREEK,  r  Ten.  which  runs  into 
the  Clinch. 

POPLAR  CREEK,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into 
the  Potomac. 

POPLAR  GROVE,  v.  Newbury  district, 
S.  Carolina. 

POPLAR  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Chesapeake  Bay, 
about  10  m.  in  circumference.  Lat.  38°  45'  N. 

POPLAR  PLAINS,  v.  Fleming  co.  Ken.  a 
little  N.  of  E.  106  m.  from  Frankfort. 

POPLAR  SPRINGS,  v.  Ann-Arundel  co. 
Maryland. 

POPLAR  TOWN,  or  Trap,  t.  Worcester 
co.  Maryland. 

POPLIN,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  24  m. 
WSW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  429. 

POPOCATEPETL,  volcanic  mountain  of 
Mexico,  in  Puebla,  rising  to  the  great  elevation 
of  17,716  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean. 

PORCUPINE,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into  the 
Missouri,  110  m.  above  the  Yellow-stone. 

PORCUPINE  RIVER,  r.  NW.  Territory, 
runs  into  Lake  Superior.  Lat.  46°  14'  N. 

PORTAGE,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Columbi- 
ana  SE.  Stark  S.  Medina  W.  Cuyahoga  NW. 
Geauga  N.  and  Trumbull  E.  Length  30  m. 
breadth  24.  Pop.  in  1820,  10,095 ;  in  1830, 
18,827.  Chief  town,  Ravenna.  The  land  is  gen 
erally  high,  elevated  and  considerably  broken 

PORTAGE  DESSIEUX,  v.  St.  Charles  co. 
Miso.  25  m.  from  St.  Charles. 

PORT  AU  PRINCE,  seaport  of  St.  Domin 
go,  seated  on  a  bay  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island, 
of  which  part  it  is  the  capital.  It  was  taken 
by  the  English  and  royalists  in  1794,  but  the 
whole  island  has  been  since  evacuated  by  the 
English.  Lon.  72°  10'  W. ;  lat.  18°  45'  N. 

PORT  BYRON,  v.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 

PORT  CONWAY,  v.  King  George's  co.  Va 
65  m.  S.  from  W. 

PORTER,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  34  m.  SW. 
from  Paris.  Pop.  841. 

PORTER,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake 
Ontario. 

PORTER,  t.  on  the  Ohio  river,  in  Scioto  co. 
Ohio.  Pop.  917. 

PORTER  BRIDGE,  v.  Oxford  co.  Me.  45 
m.  NW.  from  Portland. 

PORT  GIBSON,  seat  of  justice  for  Clai- 
borne  co.  Miss,  on  the  waters  of  the  Bayou 
Pierre,  45  m.  NE.  of  Natchez,  and  12  m.  E. 
of  the  Mississippi  river,  contains  a  branch  of 
the  State  Bank,  a  handsome  court-house,  a 
printing-office,  which  issues  a  large  weekly 
paper,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants.  Distance 
from  W.  1,101  m. 

PORT  PENN,  a  small  village  in  Newcastle 
co.  Del.  on  the  bank  of  the  Delaware  river,  50 
m  below  Philadelphia. 

PORT  REPUBLIC,  t.  Rockingham  co.  Va. 
on  S.  branch  of  the  Shenandoah,  22  m.  NE 
from  Staunton. 

PORT  ROYAL,  t.  Caroline  co.  Va.  on  the 
Rappahannock,  20  m.  SE.  from  Fredericks- 
burg. 

PORT  ROYAL,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ten.  at 
the  union  of  the  Sulphur  Fork  and  Red  River, 
12  m.  E.  from  Clarkesville. 

PORT  ROYAL    ISLAND,    isl.  in  Port 


Joyal  Entrance,  near  the  coast  of  S.  Carolina, 
about  12  m.  long  and  5  wide.  Beaufort  is  thq 
principal  town.  Lat.  32°  12'  N. 

PORT  TOBACCO,  t.  and  cap.  Charles  co. 
Md.  on  a  small  river  of  the  same  name,  which 
runs  into  the  Potomac  a  little  below  the  town, 
45  m.  SSW.  from  Annapolis.  It  contains  an 
Episcopal  church,  a  ware-house  for  the  inspec 
tion  of  tobacco,  and  about  80  houses.  In  the 
icinity  are  the  celebrated  cold  waters  of  Mount 
Misery,  32  m.  from  W. 

PORT  WATSON,  v.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  Tioughnioga,  3  m.  from  the  court 
house.  See  Homer. 

PORT  WILLIAM,  t.  and  cap.  Gallatin  co. 
Ken.  at  the  conflux  of  Kentucky  river  with 
the  Ohio,  37  m.  N.  from  Frankfort,  and  565 
fromW.  Pop.  324. 

PORTAGE,  t.  in  SW.  corner  of  Portage 
co.  Ohio,  on  the  Tuscarawas.  Pop.  475. 

PORTAGE,  or  Carrying  river,  r.  Ohio, 
vhich  runs  into  Lake  Erie,  15  m.  W.  of  the 
Sandusky. 

PORTAGE  DES  SIOUX,  v.  Missouri,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  6  m.  above  the 
Missouri,  24  m.  N.  from  St.  Louis. 

PORTER,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  34  m.  SW.  from 
Paris.  Pop.  841. 

PORTLAND,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Cum- 
berland  co.  Me.  54  m.  NNE.  from  Portsmouth, 
115  NNE.  from  Boston,  and  542  from  W. 
Lon.  70°  20'  W. ;  lat.  43°  39'  W.  It  is  a  very 
pleasant  town,  finely  situated  on  a  peninsula 
in  Casco  bay.  It  is  the  shire-town  of  the  co. 
and  till  this  year  (1832)  it  has  been  the  capi 
tal  of  the  state.  The  harbor  is  large,  safe, 
easy  of  access,  and  is  frozen  but  for  a  very 
short  time  each  winter.  It  is  the  largest  town 
in  Maine,  and  has  a  very  active  commerce. 
The  shipping  of  the  port  in  1829  amounted  to 
56,949  tons.  It  has  many  handsome  buildings, 
among  which  are  8  houses  of  public  worship, 
a  custom-house  and  court-house.  It  has  6 
banks,  including  a  branch  of  the  U.  S.  bank, 
an  insurance  office,  academy,  public  library, 
and  several  flourishing  schools.  On  opposite 
sides  of  the  ship-channel  are  forts  Preble  and 
Scammel.  The  entrance  of  the  harbor  is 
marked  by  a  light-house,  and  on  the  pinnacle 
of  Mount  Joy  is  a  conspicuous  observatory.  In 
1820  it  contained  8,520  inhabitants ;  in  1830, 
12,601. 

PORTLAND,  New,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  22 
m.  NW.  from  Norridgewock.  Pop.  1,215. 

PORTLAND,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Lake  Erie,  9  m.  from  the  head  of  Chatauque 
Lake.  Pop.  1,771. 

PORTLAND,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ken.  below 
Louisville. 

PORTLAND,  v.  Dallas  co.  Al.  16  m.  from 
Cahawba. 

PORTO  BELLO,  seaport  of  N.  America, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isthmus  of  Darien,  hav 
ing  a  large  commodious  harbor,  with  good  an 
chorage  and  shelter  for  ships ;  its  entrance  is 
narrow,  and  defended  by  several  forts.  It  is 
70  m.  N.  of  Panama,  and  300  W.  of  Cartha- 
gena.  Lon.  80°  45'  W. ;  lat.  9°  33'  N. 

PORTSMOUTH,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 


380 


FOR— POU 


at  the  moutli  of  the  Piscataqua,  with  an  exce1 
lent  harbor.  It  is  the  only  seaport  in  the  state 
and  has  considerable  commerce.  Here  is  a 
navy-yard  of  the  U.  States.  The  town  has  1 
churches,  a  branch  of  the  United  States  bank 
2  insurance-offices,  and  an  athenseum.  Two 
bridg-.es  cross  the  river  to  Kittery,  in  Maine 
In  Dec.  1813  a  fire  destroyed  397  buildings 
here.  It  is  24  m.  NNE.  from  Newburyport 
56  N.  by  E.  from  Boston,  and  54  SSW.  from 
Portland.  Pop.  8,082.  Lat.  43°  5'  N.;  Ion 
70°  45'  W. ' 

PORTSMOUTH,  t.  Newport  co.  R.  I.  on 
N.  end  of  the  island  of  R.  I.  7  m.  N.  from 
Newport.  Pop.  1,727.  It  is  connected  with 
Tiverton  by  a  bridge,  and  with  Bristol  by  a 
ferry.  In  the  NW.  part  of  the  township  there 
is  a  coal  mine. 

PORTSMOUTH,  t.  and  cap.  Scioto  co.  Ohio 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Scioto,  just  above  its 
junction  with  the  Ohio,  45  m.  S.  from  Chilli- 
cothe,  44  W.  from  Gallipolis,  421  m.  from  W. 
It  is  advantageously  situated,  and  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  and  has  some  trade.  Pop. 
1,064. 

PORTSMOUTH,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Va.  on  the 
SW.  side  of  Elizabeth  river,  opposite  Norfolk, 
one  mile  distant  from  it,  both  of  which  consti 
tute  one  port  of  entry,  110  m.  E.  by  S.  from 
Petersburg,  219  m.  from  W.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  regularly  laid  out,  anc(  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  sugar  refinery,  and  4 
houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Episcopalians, 
1  for  Baptists,  1  for  Methodists,  and  1  for  Ro 
man  Catholics.  The  courts  for  the  county  of 
Norfolk  are  held  here. 

PORTSMOUTH,  s-p.  Carteret  co.  N.  C.  on 
N.  end  of  Core  bank,  near  Ocrecock  inlet, 
chiefly  inhabited  by  fishermen  and  pilots. 

PORT  LOUIS,  French  fortress,  on  the  SW. 
coast  of  Hispaniola.  Lon.  73°  16'  W.;  lat. 
18°  18'  N. 

PORT  ROYAL,  s-p.  of  Jamaica,  6  m.  E. 
of  Spanish  Town,  and  as  much  by  water  SE. 
of  Kingston.  Lon.  76°  45'  W. ;  lat.  18°  N. 

PORT  ROYAL,  town  and  fort  of  the  island 
of  Martinico,  21  m.  SE.  of  St.  Pierre.  Lon. 
61°  9'  W. ;  lat.  14°  3'  N. 

PORT  ROYAL,  isl.  of  S.  C  lies  between 
Broad  river  on  the  W.  Whale  Sound  N. 

PORT  ROYAL,  v.  and  port  of  Caroline  co. 
Va.  on  the  left  bank  of  Rappahannock,  30  in. 
below  Fredericksburg,  and  65  m.  NNE.  from 
Richmond.  Pop.  about  1,700. 

PORT  ROYAL,  v.  Morgan  co.  In.  about 
40  m.  SW.  from  Indianapolis. 

PORT  ROYAL,  v.  on  Red  River,  Montgo- 
mery  co.  Ten.  45  m.  WNW.  from  Nashville. 

POSEY,  co.  In.  bordering  on  the  Ohio  and 
Wabash.  Pop.  6,883.  Chief  town,  Mount 
Vernon. 

POST  HILL,  v.  Morgan  co.  Geo. 

POST  MILL,  v.  Orange  co.  Va.  54  m.  N. 
from  Montpelier. 

POTOKA,  r.  In,  which  is  formed  in  Orange 
co.  and  flows  W.  through  Pike  and  Gibson 
cos.  and  joins  the  Wabash  about  12  m.  W. 
from  Princeton. 

POTOMAC,  r.  U.  S.  which  rises  in  two 


branches,  the  north  and  south,  originating  in 
and  near  theAlleghany  mountains,  and  forms, 
through  its  whole  course,  part  of  the  boundary 
between  Virginia  and  Maryland,  and  flows  into 
Chesapeake  Bay,  between  Point  Lookout  and 
Smith's  Point.  It  is  7  i  miles  wide  at  its  mouth. 
This  is  a  fine  navigable  river  for  ships  of  al 
most  any  burden  for  nearly  300  miles,  as  the 
tide  ebbs  and  flows  in  it  nearly  that  distance. 
Above  the  tide-water  the  river  has  three  con 
siderable  falls,  those  above  Georgetown  are 
now  passable  in  boats.  Its  length  above  the 
tide  is  upwards  of  300  miles  through  an  in 
habited  country.  Its  junction  with  the  She- 
nandoah  at  Harper's  Ferry  is  regarded  as  a 
great  curiosity.  See  Harper's  Ferry. 

POTOMAC  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  the  Potomac. 

POTOSI,  t.  and  cap.  Washington  eo.  Mis 
souri,  45  W.  from  St.  Genevieve,  60  SSW.  from 
St.  Louis,  915  m.  from  W. 

POTOSI,  San  Luis,  a  state  of  Mexico, 
bounded  S.  by  Queretaro  and  Guanaxuato,  W. 
by  Zacatecas,  N.  by  New  Leon,  E.  by  Tauma- 
lipas  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  SE.  by  Vera 
Cruz.  Length  from  N.  to  S.  200  miles,  mean 
width  about  95. 

POTOSI,  San  Luis,  city  of  Mexico,  and 
seat  of  government  for  the  state  of  San  Louis 
Potosi.  It  is  situated  on  the  high  table-land 
of  Anahuac,  near  the  source  of  the  river  Panu- 
co,  264  m.  NNW.  from  the  city  of  Mexico, 
Lat.  22°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  23°  25'  W.  Pop. 
15,000. 

POTSDAM,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  90 
m.  W.  from  Plattsburg,  150  NNW.  from  Al 
bany.  Pop.  3,650. 

POTTER,  co.  N.  side  of  Pa.  bounded  N.  by 
New  York,  E.  by  Tioga  co.  S.  by  Lycoming 
co,  and  W.  by  M'Kean  co.  Chief  town,  Cou- 
dersport 

POTTERSTOWN,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 
5  m.  E.  from  Lebanon. 

POTTIESVILLE,  v.  Louisa  co.  Va. 

POTTSGROVE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 

POTTSVILLE,  a  flourishing  t.  in  Schuyl- 
kill  co.  Pa.  which  has,  within  a  few  years, 
grown  from  a  solitary  house  to  a  very  con 
siderable  borough.  It  is  situated  on  one  of  the 
head  branches  of  the  Schuylkill  river,  near  the 
termination  of  the  canal.  The  sudden  rise, 
and  rapid  increase,  of  this  place,  have  been 
owing  to  the  immense  quantities  of  coal  found 
in  the  vicinity,  and  to  the  location  of  the  canal, 
which  terminates  here,  and  renders  this  place 
a  considerable  depot  for  merchandise  destined 
or  the  north  and  west.  Pop.  2,464. 

POUGHKEEPSIE,  t.  and  cap.  Dutchess  co. 
N.Y.  on  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  75  m.  N.  of  New 
York,  85  S.  of  Albany,  301  from  W.  The  town 
ship  is  10  m.  in  length  from  N.toS.  and  about  3§ 
from  E.  to  W.  and  has  5  landings  with  extent 
sive  store-houses,  wharves,  &c.  The  village 
of  Poughkeepsie  is  situated  on  a  plain  about  a 
mile  E.  of  the  Hudson,  and  contains  a  court- 
louse,  a  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy,  several 
houses  of  public  Worship,  and  7,222  inhab- 
tants. 

POULTNEY,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt,  56  m,  N,t 


POU-PRI 


381 


from  Bennington.  Pop.  1,909.  It  is  a  con 
siderable  town,  is  watered  by  Poultney  river, 
and  borders  on  Hampton,  N.  Y. 

POUNDRIDGE,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
5  m.  SE.  from  Bedford.  Pop.  1,437. 

POWELL'S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
James  river,  Ion.  77°  21'  W. ;  lat.  37°  13'  N. 

POWELL'S  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  Susquehannah,  20  m.  above  Harrisburg. 

POWELL'S  POINT,  cape,  Va.  in  James 
river.  Lon.  86°  24'  W. ;  lat.  37°  2'  N. 

POWELL'S  RIVER,  r.  which  rises  from 
Powell's  mountain  in  Virginia,  passes  into 
Tennessee,  and  joins  Clinch  river  38  m.  NE. 
from  Knoxville.  It  is  said  to  be  navigable  for 
boats  nearly  100  miles. 

POWELLTON,  v.  Hancock  co.  Geo.  14 
m.  N.  from  Sparta.  It  contains  a  flourishing 
academy,  and  3  churches. 

POWHATAN,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  James 
river,  E.  by  Chesterfield  co.  S.  by  the  Appoma- 
tox,  and  W.  by  Cumberland  co.  Pop.  8,517. 
Chief  town,  Scottsville. 

POWNAL,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  8  m.  S. 
from  Bennington.  Pop.  1,835.  It  is  a  valuable 
agricultural  town,  watered  by  Hoosac  river, 
and  borders  on  Hoosac,  N.  Y.  and  Williams- 
town,  Mass.  Mount  Anthony  is  partly  in  this 
town,  and  partly  in  Bennington. 

POWNAL,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  18  m. 
NE.  from  Portland,  133  NNE.  from  Boston. 

TOWOW,  r.  which  rises  in  Kingston,  N.  H. 
and  runs  into  the  Merrimack,  W.  of  Salisbury, 
in  Mass. 

PRAIRIE,  t.  in  the  western  limits  of  Frank 
lin  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  193. 

PRAIRIE  CREEK,  v.  Vigo  co.  In.  95  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Indianapolis. 

PRAIRIE  DU  CHIEN,  v.  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Mississippi  river,  cap.  of  Crawford  co. 
Michigan,  above  the  mouth  of  Ouisconsin  river. 
It  is  an  ancient  settlement  made  by  French 
traders.  The  U.  S.  Fort  Crawford  stands  in 
this  settlement. 

PRAIRIE  DU  ROCHE,  v.  Randolph  co. 
II.  It  is  the  same  village  named  often  Prairie 
du  Rocher.  v 

PRAIRIE  MOUND,  v.  Lillard  co.  Miso. 

PRATTSBURG,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
2,399. 

PRALLSVILLE,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 

PRATTSVILLE,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Md.  on 
the  road  from  Hancockstown  to  Cumberland, 
and  nearly  midway  between  those  two  places, 
and  by  postroad  115m.  NW.  from  W. 

PREBLE,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.Y.  8  m.  N. 
from  Homer,  150  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
1,435. 

PREBLE,  co.  W.  part  of  Ohio.  Pop.  16,291. 
Chief  town,  Eaton. 

PRESCOTT,  v.  U.  C.  on  the  St.  Lawrence, 
nearly  opposite  Ogdensburg. 

PRESCOTT,  v.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  76  m. 
westerly  from  Boston. 

PRESQUE  ISLE,  a  peninsula,  on  S.  side 
of  Lake  Erie.  It  is  7  m.  long,  and  from  £  to 
li  broad.  It  is  a  heap  of  desert  sand,  thrown 
up  by  the  surf  of  the  lake. 

PRESSLEY'S,  v.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C. 


PRESSLEY'S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  run» 
into  the  Potomac. 

PRESTON,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  river  Thames,  15  m.  above  New 
London.  Pop.  1,935. 

PRESTON,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  on  E. 
side  of  the  Quinebaug,  6  m,  E.  from  Norwich. 

PRESTON,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.Y.  5  m.  N. 
from  Norwich,  115  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
1,213. 

PRESTON,  co.  Va.  bounded  by  Monongalia 
co.  N.  Alleghany  co.  Md.  E.  Randolph  co.  Va. 
S.  and  Harrison  co.  W.  Length  26  m.  mean 
width  16.  Pop.  in  1820, 3,428 ;  in  1830, 5099 ; 
blacks,  152.  Chief  town,  Kingwood. 

PRESTON  HILLS,  in  N.  H.  extending 
from  Cockburn  to  the  White  Mountains. 

PRESTONSBURG,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Floyd  co.  Ken.  on  the  west  branch  of  Big 
Sandy  river,  209  m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Frankfort. 
Pop.  81. 

PRESTON'S  CREEK,  or  Wood  Creek,  r. 
Ken.  which  runs  into  the  Ohio. 

PRESTONVILLE,  v.  Rhea  co.  Ten.  140 
m.  a  little  S.  of  E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

PRESTONVILLE,  t.  Gallatin  co.  Ken 

PRESUMSCUT,  r.  Me.  which  flows  from 
Sebacook  Lake  into  Casco  Bay,  NE.  of  Port- 
land. 

PRE WITT'S  KNOB,  v.  Barren  co.  Ken 
144  m.  SSW.  from  Frankfort. 

PRICE'S  TAVERN,  t.  Louisa  co.  Va.  60 
m.  NW.  from  Richmond. 

PRICIS,  t.  St.  Charles  district,  Miso. 

PRIESTFORD,  v.  Harford  co.  Md. 

PRINCE'S  BAY,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Staten 
Island,  N.Y. 

PRINCE  EDWARD,  co.  of  U.  C.  occupy- 
ing  a  peninsula  between  Lake  Ontario  and  the 
Bay  of  Quinte. 

PRINCE  EDWARD,  co.  Va.  bounded  by 
Lunenburg  SE.  Charlotte  S.  and  SW.  Buck 
ingham  NW.  Cumberland,  or  Appomatox  river 
N.  Amelia  NE.  and  Nottaway  E.  Length  25  m. 
mean  width  10.  Pop.  in  1820, 12,577 ;  in  1830, 
14,107 ;  slaves,  8,593. 

PRINCE  EDWARD,  C.  H.  and  t.  Prince 
Edward  co.  Va. 

PRINCE  FREDERICK,  t.  Culvert  co.  Md, 
40  m.  SW.  from  Annapolis. 

PRINCE  FREDERICK,a  parish  of  George, 
town  district,  S.  C. 

PRINCE  GEORGE,  co.  Md.  bounded  NE, 
by  Ann-Arundel  co.  E.  by  Calvert  co.  S.  by 
Charles  co.  W.  by  the  Potomac,  and  NW.  by 
the  District  of  Columbia  and  Montgomery  co. 
Pop.  20,473.  Chief  town,  Upper  Marlborough. 

PRINCE  GEORGE,  co.  Va.  bounded  N. 
by  James  river,  SSE.  by  Surrey  and  Sussex 
cos.  W.  by  Dinwiddie  co.  and  NW.  by  Chester 
field  co.  Pop.  8,368.  Chief  town,  City  Point. 

PRINCE  ROYAL  ISLANDS,  a  group  of 
islands  on  the  W.  side  of  N.  America,  E.  of 
Queen  Charlotte's  Islands,  with  a  navigable 
channel  between. 

PRINCESS  ANNE,  co.  SE.  corner  of  Va. 
bounded  N.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  E.  by  the  At 
lantic,  S.  by  N.  Carolina,  and  W.  by  Norfolk 
co.  Pop.  9,102.  Chief  town,  Kempfiville, 


383 


PRI— PRO 


PRINCESS  ANNE,  t.  and  cap.  Somerse 
co.  Md.  at  the  head  of  the  Manokin,  20  m.  W 
from  Snowhill,  153  m.  SE.  from  W.  It  con 
tains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy 
and  Episcopal  church,  and  has  some  manufac 
tures  and  trade. 

PRINCETON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  1 
m.  NNW.  from  Worcester,  52  W.  by  N.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,345.  It  is  a  valuable  town 
ship.  Wachusett  mountain  is  situated  2  m 
N.  of  the  meeting-house.  It  may  be  seen  a 
the  distance  of  67  m.  and  according  to  the  ad 
measurement  of  Dr.  Winthrop  it  is  3,012  fee 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

PRINCETON,  t.  N.  J.  partly  in  Middlesex 
and  partly  in  Somerset  cos.  10  m.  NE.  from 
Trenton,  16  SW.  from  New  Brunswick,  40 
NE.  from  Philadelphia,  49  SW.  from  N.  York 
Lon.  74°  35'  W. ;  lat.  40°  22'  N.  It  is  a  pleas 
ant  town,  and  contains  a  College,  a  Theologi 
cal  Seminary,  a  brick  Presbyterian  church 
and  upwards  of  200  dwelling-houses.  The 
College  at  this  place  was  founded  in  1746, 
Elizabethtown ;  the  next  year  it  was  removec 
to  Newark,  and  a  royal  charter  was  granted  to 
it  in  1748,  by  the  title  of  the  College  of  New 
Jersey,  which  is  its  corporate  name  at  present 
It  remained  at  Newark  10  years,  and  in  1757 
was  permanently  established  at  Princeton.  Its 
situation  is  pleasant  and  peculiarly  healthful 
and  it  has  long  been  one  of  the  most  respecta. 
ble  seminaries  in  the  U.  States.  The  college 
edifice  is  called  Nassau  Hall.  It  is  1 75  feet  in 
length  by  50  deep,  and  4  stories  high.  Beside 
a  chapel  40  feet  square,  there  are  2  other  larg 
buildings  attached  to  the  College,  which  con 
tain  philosophical  apparatus,  museum,  recita 
tion  rooms,  &c.  These  buildings  are  all  of 
stone.  The  number  of  students  ranges  from 
75  to  150.  The  total  number  of  those  who 
have  graduated  ut  this  college  from  its  com 
mencement  to  1830  was  1,913.  Commence 
ment  is  held  on  the  last  Wednesday  in  Sep. 
tember.  There  are  2  vacations:  the  1st,  frorc 
commencement,  6  weeks;  the  2d,  from  the 
first  Thursday  after  the  second  Tuesday  in 
April,  4  weeks.  The  Theological  Seminary 
was  established  at  this  place  in  1812.  It  is 
under  the  direction  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  the  U.  States,  and 
has  2  professors,  one  of  didactic  and  polemic 
theology,  and  one  of  ecclesiastical  history  and 
church  government. 

PRINCETON,  t.  Schenectady  co.  N.  Y. 
7  m.  W.  Schenectady.  Pop.  819. 

PRINCETON,  t.  Caldwell  co.  Ken. 

PRINCETON,  v.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  E. 
from  Hamilton.  Pop.  33. 

PRINCETON,  t.  Gibson  co.  In.  35  m.  S. 
from  Vincennes.  It  is  a  flourishing  town. 

PRINCE  OF  WALES,  Cape,  the  NW.  ex 
tremity  of  the  American  continent,  opposite 
East  Cape,  on  the  shore  of  Asia.  Lon.  191° 
45'  E. ;  lat.  65°  46'  N. 

PRINCE  OF  WALES'  FORT,  N.  Ameri 
ca,  on  Churchill  river,  belonging  to  the  Hud 
son  Bay  Company.  Lon.  94°  7'  W. ;  lat.  58° 

PRINCE  WILLIAM,  co.  NE.  part  of  Va 


bounded  NNE.  by  Loudon  and  Fairfax  cos. 
E.  by  the  Potomac,  S.  by  Stafford  co.  and  SW. 
by  Fauquier  co.  Pop.  9,330.  Chief  town, 
Brentsville. 

PRINCE  WILLIAM,  t.  York  co.  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  river  St. 
John. 

PRINCE  WILLIAM'S  SOUND,  a  great 
inlet  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  on  the  N.  American 
coast,  which  occupies  a  degree  and  a  hajf  of 
latitude,  and  two  of  longitude.  It  requires  the 
greatest  circumspection  to  navigate  it,  on  ac 
count  of  the  rocks  and  shoals.  Lon.  147°  W.  • 
lat.  59°  30' to  61°  N. 

PROCTOR'S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  James  river. 

PROSPECT,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  on  W.  side 
of  the  Penobscot,  at  its  entrance  into  Penob- 
scot  Bay,  15  m.  NNW.  from  Castine,  227  NE. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  2,381.  It  has  an  excellent 
harbor,  with  water  sufficiently  deep  for  the 
largest  ships  of  war. 

PROSPECT,  t.  Prince  Edward  co.  Va. 

PROSPECT,  New,  v.  Bergen  co.  N.  J. 

PROSPECT  HILL,  v.  Fairfax  co.  Va.  15 
m.  W.  from  W. 

PROSPECT  HILL,  v.  Renssellaer  co.  N.  Y. 
23  m.  from  Albany. 

PROSPECT  HILL,  v.  Caswell  co.  N.  C.  88 
m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

PROVIDENCE,  one  of  the  least  of  the  Ba 
hama  Islands,  but  the  best  of  those  planted  by 
the  English.  It  lies  200  m.  E.  of  Florida. 
Lon.  77°  1'  W. ;  lat.  24°  50'  N. 

PROVIDENCE,  North,  t.  Providence  co. 
R.  I.  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Pawtucket.  Pop. 
3,503.  It  lies  on  N.  side  of  Providence,  and 
contains  several  cotton  manufactories,  2  banksv 
and  an  air-furnace.  Pawtucket  village  is  in 
this  township. 

PROVIDENCE,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  20  m. 
N.  from  Schenectady,  34£  NNW.  from  Alba- 
ny.  Pop.  1,579. 

PROVIDENCE,  t.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C. 

PROVIDENCE,  New,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J. 
Pop.  910. 

PROVIDENCE,  co.  R.  I.  bounded  N.  and 
E.  by  Massachusetts,  S.  by  Kent  co.  and  W. 
by  Connecticut.  Pop.  47,014. 

PROVIDENCE,  t.  port  of  entry,  and  me- 
tropolis  of  R.  Island,  in  a  county  of  the  same 
name,  15  m.  NNW.  from  Bristol,  30  N.  by  W 
rom  Newport,  40  SSW.  from  Boston,  59  NE. 
from  New  London,  65  E.  from  Hartford,  394 
from  W.  Lon.  71°  10' W.;  lat.  41°  51'  N. 
Pop.  16,832.  It  is  situated  on  both  sides  of 
Providence  river,  just  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Pawtucket,  and  35  m.  from  the  ocean.  It  is  a 
pleasant,  well-built,  and  very  thriving  town, 
well  situated  for  trade,  and  has  a  flourishing 
commerce,  and  extensive  manufactures.  It 
assesses  a  fine  harbor  for  ships  of  almost  any 
mrden,  and  its  commerce  is  rapidly  increas- 
ng,  its  shipping  amounting  to  25,000  tons.  It 
xmtains  15  or  16  public  buildings,  among 
which  the  buildings  of  Brown  University,  and 
he  Arcade,  a  magnificent  structure,  are  the 
nost  conspicuous.  It  has  12  churches  for  the 
lifferent  denominations.  Two  of  the  Congre- 


PRO— PUT 


383 


gational  churches,  and  a  Baptist  and  Episco 
palian  church,  are  remarkable  for  their  beauty. 
Here  are  11  banks,  including  an  office  of  dis 
count  and  deposit  of  the  U.  S.  bank.  The  nu 
merous  and  respectable  manufactories  of  the 
city  and  Pawtucket  are  what  has  given  this 
city  its  impulse  towards  prosperity.  Few 
towns  have  increased  more  rapidly  within  the 
last  ten  years.  Another  element  of  this  in 
crease  has  been  its  connexion  with  the  inte 
rior  of  Massachusetts  by  the  Blackstone  canal. 
Brown  University  is  a  respectable  and  flour 
ishing  institution :  its  libraries  contain  12,100 
volumes.  There  are  2  college  edifices,  one 
150  by  46  feet,  and  4  stories  high,  with  wings ; 
and  the  other  120  by  40  feet.  The  position 
of  these  buildings,  on  a  noble  elevation,  is 
charming.  The  government  of  the  University 
is  composed  of  36  trustees,  of  whom  the  presi 
dent  and  21  others  must  be  Baptists.  The 
other  members  of  the  board  are  shared  among 
the  different  denominations,  of  whom  5  must 
be  Friends.  The  Friends'  Boarding  School 
in  this  city  is  a  most  excellent  institution. 
Every  aspect  of  this  handsome  and  thriving 
town  indicates  active  and  successful  enterprise. 

PROVIDENCE  RIVER,  r.  R.  I.  formed 
by  Wanasquiatucket  and  Moshasick,  which 
unite  just  above  Providence.  It  flows  into 
Narraganset  Bay,  at  Bullock's  Point,  5  or  6 
m.  below  Providence. 

PROVINCE,  t.  Clarke  co.  In.  7  m.  from  the 
Ohio,  and  23  above  the  rapids. 

PROVINCE  ISLAND,  fertile  island  in  the 
river  Delaware,  6  m.  below  Philadelphia. 

PROVINCETOWN,t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass. 
near  Cape  Cod,  44  m.  NE.  from  Barnstable, 
116  SE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,710.  It  is  situ 
ated  on  the  hook  of  Cape  Cod,  3  m.  SE.  from 
Race  Point.  The  harbor,  which  is  one  of  the 
best  in  the  state,  opens  to  the  southward,  and 
has  sufficient  depth  of  water  for  ships  of  any 
size.  The  houses  are  of  one  story,  and  in 
order  to  prevent  their  being  buried  in  the  sand, 
they  are  set  on  piles,  that  the  driving  sands 
may  pass  under  them. 

PROWELLSVILLE,  v.  York  co.  Pa.  7  m. 
S.  from  Harrisburg. 

PRUDENCE,  isl.  in  Narraganset  Bay,  be- 
longing  to  Portsmouth,  R.  I.  6  m.  long ;  2  m. 
SW.  from  Bristol. 

PRUNTYTOWN,  t.  Harrison  co.  Va. 

PUEBLA,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  by 
the  Pacific  Ocean  S.  Mexico  W.  QueretaroNW. 
Vera  Cruz  NE.  and  Oaxaca  E.  and  SE. ;  length 
350  m.  breadth  53.  A  great  portion  of  Puebla 
is  a  lofty  plain  and  highly  productive  in  grain 
and  fruits.  In  this  region  is  concentrated  the 
principal  part  of  the  population,  which  is  com 
puted  to  be  1,300,000,  one  million  of  which 
exist  upon  10,000  sq.  ms. 

PUEBLA,  city  of  Mexico,  and  capital  of  the 
state  of  the  same  name.  It  is  the  4th  city  of 
Spanish  America,  and  is  only  exceeded  by 
Mexico,  Guanaxuato,  and  Havana.  Pop.  about 
100,000.  Lat.  19°  N. ;  Ion.  21°  W.  It  is  87 
m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Mexico,  and  160  m.  WNW. 
from  Vera  Cruz. 


PUGET'S  ISLAND,  narrow  isl.  about  5  m. 
n  length,  in  Columbia  river,  about  24  m.  from 
its  mouth. 

PUGHTOWN,  v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

PUGHTOWN,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va.  79  m 
from  W. 

PULASKI,  co.  Geo.  bounded  by  Telfair  SE. 
Houston  SW.  Monroe  NW.  Twiggs  N.  and 
Laurens  NE.  Length  35  m.  mean  width  14. 
Little  Oakmulgee  river  rises  in  the  NE.  angle, 
and  traverses  the  entire  length  of  this  county 
Pop.  in  1820,  5,223;  in  1830,  4,899.  Chief 
town,  Hartford. 

PULASKI,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Cumber 
land  river,  or  Wayne  S.  Adair  W.  Casey  and 
Lincoln  NW.  Rockcastle  NE.  and  Rockcastle 
river,  or  White  E.  Length  35  m.  mean  width 
23.  Pop.  in  1820,  7,597;  in  1830,  9,522. 
Chief  town,  Somerset. 

PULASKI,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Giles  co. 
Ten.  on  Richland  branch  of  Elk  river,  45  m. 
NW.  from  Huntsville,  80  S.  from  Nashville. 

PULASKI,  co.  Ark.  on  the  Cadron,  about 
300  m.  above  Arkiopolis.  Pop.  2,395.  Chief 
town,  Little  Rock. 

PULTAWATAMIES,  Indians,  on  the  river 
St.  Joseph,  S.  of  Lake  Michigan.  No.  1,200. 

PULTNEY,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W. 
side  of  Crooked  Lake,  11  m.  N.  from  Bath,  230 
W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,730. 

PULTNEY,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,548. 

PULTNEYVILLE,  v.  in  Williamson,  N.  Y 

PUNCH  HALL,  v.  Caroline  co.  Md. 

PUNGOTEAGUE,  v.  Accomac  co.  Va. 

PUNXETAWNY,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Pa.  on 
Mahoning  creek,  70  m.  NE.  from  Pittsburg, 
and  35  NE.  by  E.  from  Kittanning. 

PUT-IN-BAY,  bay,  formed  by  the  island 
of  Edwards  in  SW.  part  of  Lake  Erie,  10  m. 
WNW.  from  Sandusky  Bay.  It  affords  the 
best  harbor  on  the  lake. 

PUTNAM,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Dutch. 
ess  co.  E.  by  Connecticut,  S.  by  Westchester 
co.  and  W.  by  the  Hudson  river.  Pop.  12,701.. 
Chief  town,  Carmel. 

PUTNAM,  v.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  oppo 
site  Zanesville,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
a  handsome  bridge.  Pop.  758.  It  is  a  flour- 
ishing  town,  and  contains  an  academy,  and 
some  mills.  A  number  of  the  dwelling-houses 
are  handsomely  built  of  brick.  The  academy 
is  a  brick  building  of  two  stories. 

PUTNAM,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  28  m, 
N.  from  Sandy  Hill.  Pop.  718.  It  lies  on 
Lake  Champlain. 

PUTNAM,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Henry  N. 
Hancock  E.  Allen  S.  and  Vanwert  and  Paul- 
ding  W.  It  is  24  m.  square.  Pop.  230.  Chief 
town,  Sugar  Grove.  It  is  watered  by  the  Hog 
and  Blanchard's  rivers.  Surface,  generally 
level. 

PUTNAM,  co.  Geo.  bounded  by  the  Oconee 
river,  or  Hancock  SE.  Baldwin  and  Jones  S. 
Jasper  W.  Morgan  N.  and  Oconee  river,  or 
Greene  NE.  Length  20  m.  mean  width  18. 
Pop.  in  1820, 15,475 ;  in  1830, 13,656.  Chief 
town,  Eatonton. 

PUTNEY,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  on  the  Con- 


384 


PYA— RAO 


necticut,  33  m.  S.  from  Windsor.    Pop.  1,510. 
It  is  a  pleasant  and  flourishing  town. 
PYAMATUNING,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa, 

Q. 

QUACHA,  lake,  Louisiana,  7  m.  W.  from 
New  Orleans. 

QUAKAKE,  creek  in  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
one  of  the  branches  of  the  Lehigh  river. 

QUAKER  HILL,  v.  in  Pawling,  N.  Y. 

QUAKERTOWN,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  33  m. 
NNW.  from  Philadelphia. 

QU  ANTICO,  r.  Prince  William  co.  Va.  runs 
into  the  Potomac,  4  m.  below  Dumfries. 

QUANTICO  MILLS,  v.  Somerset  co.  Md. 

QUARLESVILLE,  v.  Brunswick  co.  Va. 

QUEBEC,  city,  and  cap.  of  British  America, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  Charles,  350  m.  from  the  sea. 
Pop.  about  21,000.  It  is  naturally  divided  into 
the  upper  and  lower  town.  The  upper  town 
is  built  on  a  high  rock,  340  feet  above  the 
lower.  Its  position,  with  its  fortifications,  ren 
ders  it  the  strongest  military  fortress  in  the 
country.  The  French  parish  church,  college, 
barracks,  castle  of  St.  Louis,  and  Ursuline  con 
vent,  are  among  the  principal  buildings  that 
arrest  the  attention  of  the  stranger.  The  basin 
or  harbor  is  very  spacious,  with  a  depth  of  28 
fathoms.  The  commercial  relations  are  ex 
tensive  and  increasing. 

QUEECHY,  r.  Vt.  rises  in  Sherburne,  and 
runs  into  the  Connecticut,  N.  of  Hartland. 

QUEEN  ANN,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Kent 
co.  E.  by  Delaware,  SE.  by  Caroline  co.  S.  by 
Talbot  co.  and  W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  Pop. 
14,396.  Chief  town,  Centreville. 

QUEEN  ANN,  t.  Prince  George  co.  Md.  on 
the  Patuxent,  10  m.  SW.  from  Annapolis. 

QUEEN  CHARLOTTE  ISLANDS,  group 
of  islands  in  the  N.  Pacific,  explored  by  captain 
Carteret  in  1767.  The  most  considerable  he 
natned  Egmont,  but  the  Spaniards  call  it  Santa 
Cruz.  It  is  60  m.  long,  and  from  20  to  30 
broad,  woody  and  mountainous,  with  many 
valleys  intermixed.  The  inhabitants  are  very 
nimble,  vigorous,  and  active,  and  their  weapons 
are  bows  and  arrows  pointed  with  flint.  On 
the  N.  side  is  a  harbor  named  Swallow  Bay. 
Lon.  164°  26'  E.;  lat.  10°  42'  S. 

QUEENS,  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of 
Fundy. 

QUEENS,  co.  New  Brunswick,  on  both  sides 
of  St  John's  river.  Chief  town,  Gagetown. 

QUEENSBOROUGH,  v.  Pendleton  district, 
130  m.  NW.  from  Columbia. 

QUEENSBOROUGH,  small  village  in  Tus- 
carawas  co.  Ohioj  13  m.  E.  by  N.  from  New 
Philadelphia.  Pop.  20. 

QUEENSBUR Y,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  56  m.  N.  from  Albany.  Pop.  3,080. 

QUEEN'S  COUNTY,  co.  N.  Y.  in  W.  part 
of  Long  Island,  bounded  N.  by  Long  Island 
Sound,  E.  by  Suffolk  co.  S.  by  the  Atlantic,  and 
W.  by  King's  co.  Pop.  22£76.  Chief  town, 
North  Hempstcad; 

QUEEN'S  CREEK,  r.  N.C.  runs  into  the 
Atlantic.  Lon.  77°  28'  W. ;  lat.  34°  37'  N. 

QUEENSDALE,  v.  Robeson  co.  N.C. 


QUEENSTOWN,  U.C.  situated  upon  ia* 
Niagara  river,  about  7  m.  above  Newark.  Pop, 
400.  It  is  at  the  head  of  the  navigation  for 
ships,  and  the  portage,  occasioned  by  the  Falls 
of  Niagara,  which  commences  here/  Here  w 
a  large  number  of  huts,  sufficient  to  quarter  a 
regiment. 

QUEENSTOWN,  t.  Queen  Ann's  co.  Md. 
E.  from  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  24  m.  NNW. 
from  Easton. 

QUEMAHONING,  t,  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

QUERETARO,  city  of  Mexico,  and  capital 
of  the  state  of  the  same  name,  95  m.  NW.  from 
the  city  of  Mexico.  Lat.  20°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  from 
W.  23°  11'  W.  Pop.  45,000.  It  is  the  most 
extensive  manufacturing  city  of  Spanish 
America 

QUERETARO,  state  of  Mexico,  bounded 
S.  by  Mexico,  W.  by  Guanaxuato,  N.  by  Saa 
Luis  Potosi,  NE.  by  Vera  Cruz,  and  SE.  by 
Puebla.  Length  from  E.  to  W.  160  m.  mean 
breadth  about  56 ;  area  13,482  sq.  ms.  Pop. 
nearly  800,000.  Queretaro  lies  between  lal 
20°  and  21°  50'  N. 

QUIBLETOWN,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  6 
m.  N.  from  New  Brunswick. 

QUICKSAND,  r.'N.A.  runs  N.  into  the 
Columbia,  nearly  opposite  to  Seal  river. 

QUICOURRE,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  th« 
Missouri,  1,000  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

QUINCEY,  v.  Morgan  co.  II, 

QUINCEY,  v.  Adams  co,  IL 

QUINCY,  t,  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  9  m.  SE. 
from  Boston,  Pop.  2,192.  Here  is  a  quarry 
of  excellent  granite,  much  used  for  building  in 
Boston  and  the  neighborhood.  The  Quincy 
Rail-road  extends  from  this  place  to  Neponset 
river.  It  is  3  m.  in  length,  with  a  single  track, 
It  was  constructed  in  1826,  and  was  the  first 
undertaking  of  the  kind  in  America  This  is- 
a  pleasant  town,  and  is  remarkable  for  having 
been  the  birth-place  of  two  Presidents  of  the 
U.  States,  John  Adams,  and  John  Quincy  Ad 
ams.  It  is  at  present  (1832)  the  residence  of 
the  latter. 

QUINSIGAMOND,  or  Long  Pond,  kke, 
Mass,  between  Worcester  and  Shrewsbury.  It 
is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  about  5  m.  in 
length,  and  from  60  to  100  rods  in  breadth,  and 
contains  a  number  of  small  islands. 

QUINTE,  a  bay  and  harbor  in  the  NE.  part 
of  Lake  Ontario,  a  little  to  the  W.  of  Kings 
ton,  50  m.  long,  and  from  6  to  12  broad. 

R. 

RABUN,  NW.  co.  Geo.  between  Chessatee 
and  Catahooche  rivers,  having  Habersham  E. 
and  Hall  SE,  This  is  the  NW.  co.  of  only 
that  part  of  Georgia,  reclaimed  from  the  In 
dians,  but  is  situated  near  100  m.  E.  from  the 
actual  N  W.  angle  of  Georgia,  on  Tennessee  r. 
Pop.  2,175.  Chief  town,  Clayton. 

RACCOON,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio. 

RACCOON,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the 
coast  of  S.  Carolina,  9  m.  long,  and  1  wide. 
Lon.  79°  22'  W. ;  lat.  33°  3'  N. 

RACCOON  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  6  m.  below  Galiipoliii.  Along 
the  borders  of  this  stream,  in  Athens  co.  a?e 


RAG— RAN 


385 


extensive  quarries  of  stone,  from  which  burr 
mill-stones  of  excellent  quality  are  manufac 
tured.  Length  50  m. 

RACCOON  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the 
Ohio.  Lon.  80°  25'  W. ;  lat.  40°  38'  N. 

RACCOON  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  Ossabaw 
Sound,  belonging  to  Georgia.  Lon.  81°  12' 
W. ;  lat.  31°  47'  N. 

RACCOON  KEYS,  cluster  of  small  islands 
near  the  coast  of  S.  C.  Lon.  79°  15'  W. ;  lat. 
24°  8'  N. 

RACE  POINT,  cape,  on  the  coast  of  Mass. 
W.  of  Cape  Cod.  Lon.  70°  12'  W. ;  lat.  42° 
4'N. 

RACK,  Lower,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of 
Va.  Lon.  75°  50'  W. ;  lat.  37°  20'  N. 

RACK,  Upper,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of 
Va.  Lon.  75°  45'  W. ;  lat.  37°  26'  N. 

RACKET,  r.  N.  Y.  rises  near  the  sources 
of  the  Hudson,  and  flows  N.  into  the  St.  Law 
rence,  2  m.  above  St.  Regis. 

RACKETON,  v.  in  Louisville,  N.  Y.  at  the 
head  of  batteau  navigation  on  Racket  river,  20 
rn.  from  its  confluence  with  the  St.  Lawrence, 
25  m.  E.  from  Ogdensburg. 

RAHWAY,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  5  m.  SW. 
from  Elizabethtown.  Pop.  1,983. 

RAHWAY,  small  river  or  creek  of  Essex 
and  Middlesex  cos.  N.  J.  falls  into  Staten  Island 
Sound,  4  m.  from  Newark  Bay. 

RAINY  LAKE,  lake,  N.  America,  divided 
by  an  isthmus  near  the  middle,  into  two  parts 
The  W.  part  is  called  the  Great  Rainy  Lake 
the  E.  the  Little  Rainy  Lake,  being  the  least 
division.  The  broadest  part  of  it  is  not  more 
than  20  m. ;  its  length,  including  both,  aboul 
300  m.  In  the  W.  part  the  water  is  very  clear 
•md  good,  and  some  excellent  fish  are  taken  in 
t.  A  great  many  fowls  resort  here  in  the  fall, 
Moose  deer  are  to  be  found  in  great  plenty. 
ind  likewise  the  Carraboo,  whose  skin  is  high- 
y  valued  as  a  material  for  the  fabrication  of 
oreeches  and  gloves. 

RAINY  RIVER,  r.  II.  which  rises  near  the 
W.  border  of  Indiana,  flows  WNVV.  and  joins 
the  Illinois. 

RAISIN,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  flows  into 
the  W.  end  of  Lake  Erie. 

RAISIN,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  flows  into 
Lake  Michigan,  16  m.  N.  from  Barbice.  It 
lerives  its  name  from  the  great  quantities  of 
'rapes  found  on  its  banks. 

RAISIN  ISLES,  in  Lake  St.  Francis,  U.C 
ie  between  the  mouth  of  the  river  aux  Raisins 
nd  the  point  of  that  name ;  they  are  smal 
>nd  rocky. 

RAISINS,  Riviere  Aux,  runs  through  th( 
ownships  of  Osnabruck,  Cornwall,  and  Char 
ottenburg,  emptying  itself  into  Lake  St.  Fran 
us,  near  the  SE.  angle  of  the  latter,  in  Corn 
/vail  co.  U.  C. 

RALEIGH,  metropolis  of  N.  C.  in  Wake  co 
10  m.  from  Wake  court-house,  27  NW.  fron 
Bmithfield,  the  nearest  point  of  navigation,  5 
S.  from  Warrenton,  60  N.  from  Fayetteville 
164  SSW.  from  Richmond,  and  270  from  W 
Lon.  78°  48'  W. ;  lat.  35°  47'  N.  Pop.  1,700 
It  contains  a  state-house,  a  court-house,  a  jai 
a  governor's  house,  a  market -house,  a  theatre 
2Y 


state  bank,  and  a  branch  of  another,  2 
cadernies,  1  for  males  and  1  for  females,  2 
hurches,  and  3  or  4  printing-offices.  The 
ite  is  a  pleasant  and  elevated  one.  Union 

Square,  containing  10  acres,  occupies  the  cen- 
re  of  the  town.  From  the  sides  of  this  square 
xtend  4  streets,  each  99  feet  wide,  which  di- 
ide  the  town  into  4  quarters.  The  state- 
touse  stands  in  the  centre  of  Union  Square, 

and  is  a  superb  edifice  of  brick. 

RALEIGH,  v.  Union  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio 
iver,  3  m.  below  the  mouth  of  Wabash,  and 

0  by  water  above  Shawneetown. 

RAM  AH,  v.  Wilkinson  co.  Geo.  33  m.  south- 
wardly  from  Milledgeville. 

RAMAPAUGH,  small  river,  Bergen  co. 
S".  J.  rises  in  N.  Y.  in  Rockland  co.  flows  S. 
into  N.  J.  and  joins  Long  Point  and  Pequanock 
rivers  at  Pompton,  to  form  Pompton  riven 

RAMAPAUGH,  iron  works,  and  p-t  Rock- 
and  co.  N.  Y.  on  Ramapaugh  river,  35  m. 
nearly  N.  from  the  city  of  New  York. 

RAMAPO,  or  Ringwood,  r.  in  N.  Y.  and 
N".  J.  a  branch  of  the  Passaic.  Length  23  m. 

RAMAPO  WORKS,  v.  in  Hempstead, 
N.  Y.  on  Ramapo  river,  40  m.  N.  from  N.  Y 
This  is  a  considerable  village,  containing  ex 
tensive  iron  works,  and  some  mills. 

RAM  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Long  Island  Sound, 
near  Southold  on  Long  Island, 

RAMSEY'S  FERRY,  v.  Livingston  eo. 
Ken. 

RANDALLSTOWN,  v.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 
42  m.  from  W. 

RANDALLSVILLE,  v.  Robeson  co.  N.  C. 
88  m.  SSW.  from  Raleigh. 

RANDOLPH,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  12  m. 
WSW.  from  Chelsea,  23  S.  from  Montpelier, 
38  N.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  2,743.  This  is  a 
aluable  agricultural  town,  and  has  a  village 
containing  an  academy,  and  a  Congregational 
meeting-house.  There  is  an  extensive  bed  of 
iron  ore  in  this  town.  It  is  watered  by  the 
branches  of  White  river,  and  has  valuable 
mills  and  iron  works. 

RANDOLPH,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  15  m.  S. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  2,200. 

RANDOLPH,   t.  Morris   co.  N.  J.    Pop. 

1  443. 

'  RANDOLPH,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.    Pop.  143. 

RANDOLPH,  co.  NW.  part  of  Va.  bound 
ed  N.  by  Monongalia  co.  E.  and  SE.  by  Pen- 
dleton  co.  SW.  by  Greenbrier  and  Kenhawa 
cos.  and  W.  by  Harrison  co.  It  is  watered  by 
the  head  waters  of  the  Monongahela.  Pop. 
5,000,  of  whom  374  are  colored.  Chief  town, 
Beverly. 

RANDOLPH,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Moore 
SE.  Montgomery  S.  Rowan  W  Guilford  N. 
and  Chatham  E.  It  is  36  m.  square.  It  is 
drained  by  Deep  river;  and  by  White  and 
Uwharee,  branches  of  Yadkin  river.  Its  east 
ern  borders  are  about  55  m.  W.  from  Raleigh. 
Pop.  in  1820,  11,325 ;  in  1830,  12,400.  Chief 
town,  Ashborough. 

RANDOLPH,  one  of  the  southern  towns 
of  Portage  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  688. 

RANDOLPH,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio, 
Pop.  1,458. 


386 


RAN— RED 


RANDOLPH,  co.  In.  bounded  by  the  state 
of  Ohio  E.  Wayne  co.  in  In.  S.  by  Henry  and 
Delaware  W.  and  the  Indian  country  on  the 
N.  Length  along"  Ohio  36  m.  mean  width  15, 
area  540  sq.  m.  Mississiniwa  branch  of  Wa- 
bash,  and  White  river  branch  of  Miami,  rise 
in  this  co.  Chief  town,  Winchester.  Pop.  in 
1820,  1,808;  in  1830,3,312. 

RANDOLPH,  co.  II.  bounded  by  the  Mis 
sissippi  river  SW.  Monroe  co  W.  St.  Clair  and 
Washington  N.  Jefferson  and  Franklin  E.  and 
Tackson  SE.  Length  54  in.  mean  width  16. 
Kaskaskias  river  passes  through,  and  enters 
the  Mississippi  in,  this  co.  Chief  town,  Kas 
kaskias.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,492 ;  in  1830,  4,436. 

RANDOM,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  58  in.  NE.  from 
Montpelier.  Pop.  105. 

RANSOM'S  BRIDGE,  v.  Halifax  co.  N.  C. 

RAPID  ANN,  r.  Va.  rises  in  the  Blue 
Ridge,  in  Madison  and  Orange  cos.  between 
which,  the  main  branch  by  the  name  of  Con- 
way  river,  flows  SE.  to  the  SE.  Mountain; 
turns  thence  NE.  between  Madison  and  Or 
ange,  and  between  Orange  and  Culpeper,  and 
afterwards  between  Culpeper  and  Spottsylva- 
nia,  and  joins  the  Rappahsnnock  10  m.  above 
Fredericksburg. 

RAPIDES,  parish,  La.  bounded  by  Opelou- 
sas  S.  Natchitoches  W.  and  NW.  Washita  and 
Ocatahoola  N.  Concordia  E.  and  Avoyelles  SE. 
Length  55  m.  mean  width  43.  The  surface 
considerably  varied.  Chief  town,  Alexandria. 
Pop.  in  1820,  6,065;  in  1830,  7,559. 

RAPID  PLAT,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
in  front  of  the  t.  of  Matilda,  containing  about 
200  acres.  The  soil  is  good,  and  lies  partly  in 
front  of  the  t.  of  Williamsburg,  U.  C. 

RAPPAHANNOCK,  navigable  river,  Va. 
which  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  runs  ESE. 
about  130  m.  and  flows  into  the  Chesapeake 
25  m.  S.  of  the  Potomac.  It  is  navigable  for 
vessels  of  130  or  140  tons  to  Fredericksburg, 
110  m.  from  its  mouth. 

RARITAN,  r.  N.  J.  formed  by  2  branches, 
which  unite  about  20  m.  above  New  Bruns 
wick.  Its  general  course  is  S.  of  E.  It  is  a 
remarkably  crooked  stream,  as  well  as  nar 
row,  but  so  deep  that  it  is  navigable  for  heavy 
sloops  and  steam-boats  to  New  Brunswick,  17 
m.  from  Raritan  Bay,  through  which  it  com 
municates  with  the  Atlantic,  south  of  Staten 
Island. 

RARITAN,  bay  of  N.  Y.  and  N.  J.  opens 
in  a  triangular  form  between  the  mouths  of 
Raritan  and  .Hudson  rivers. 

RATTLESNAKE  ISLANDS,  cluster  of 
small  islands  at  W.  extremity  of  Lake  Erie. 

RATTLESNAKE  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Mass, 
in  N.  part  of  tStockbridge,  about  1,000  feet 

RATTLESNAKE  FORK,  a  branch  of 
Paint  Creek,  Ohio. 

RAVENNA,  t.  and  cap.  Portage  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Cuyahoga,  25  m.  N.  from  Canton,  35 
SE.  from  Cleveland,  320  from  W.  Lat.  41°  11' 
N.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  and  a  wool- 
hn  manufactory,  which  is  situated  on  the  wa- 
ter»  of  the  Cuyahoga.  Pop.  806. 


RAYMOND,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  Pop 
1,000. 

RAYNHAM,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass,  on  Taun- 
ton  river,  3  m  E.  from  Taunton,  32  S.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,209.  Large  quantities  of  ex 
cellent  iron  ore  are  found  in  this  town ;  and 
considerable  quantities  of  bar  iron,  hollow  ware, 
nails,  shovels,  &,c.  are  manufactured  here. 
The  first  forge  in  America  was  set  up  in  this 
town,  by  James  and  Henry  Leonard,  natives 
of  England,  in  1652. 

READFIELD,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  12  m. 
W.  from  Augusta,  165  NNE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,884. 

READING,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  12  m.  W 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,409. 

READING,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  11  m. 
WSW.  from  Salem,  12  N.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,806.  This  town  is  noted  for  its  extensive 
manufactories  of  shoes. 

READING,  South,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
11  rn.  N.  from  Boston.  It  was  formed  from  a 
part  of  Reading  in  1812,  and  contains  1,310 
inhabitants. 

READING,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  15  in.  NNW. 
from  Fairfield.  Pop.  1,709. 

READING,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  23  m.  NE. 
from  Bath.  Pop,  1,568.  It  lies  on  W.  side  of 
Seneca  Lake. 

READING,  bor.  and  cap.  Berks  co.  Pa.  on 
the  Schuylkill,  54  rn.  NW.  from  Philadelphia, 
143  from  W.  Pop.  5,859.  It  is  a  very  pleas 
ant  and  flourishing  town,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  2  banks,  a  large  edifice  for  the 
public  offices,  and  5  or  6  churches,  for  Luther 
ans,  Calvinists,  Roman  Catholics,  and  Friends. 
It  contains  many  eJegant  houses,  is  surround 
ed  by  fine  scenery,  and  has,  in  its  vicinity, 
many  valuable  mill-seats.  Its  inhabitants  are 
principally  Germans,  and  their  descendants 
It  is  remarkable  for  the  manufacture  of  hats. 
Near  the  town  there  is  a  large  and  remarka 
ble  spring  of  pure  water. 

READING,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio. 

READING,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  N, 
from  Cincinnati.  Pop.  200. 

READING,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio. 

READINGTON,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  11 
m.  SE.  from  Lebanon.  Pop.  2,102. 

READSBOROIJGH,  t.  Clearfield  co.  Pa. 

READYVILLE,  t.  Rutherford  co.  Ten. 

REAMSTOWN,  t.  Lancaster  co,  Pa.  16m. 
NE.  from  Lancaster. 

RED  BANK,  fort,  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  Delaware,  9  m.  S.  from  Philadelphia, 

RED  BANK,  v.  Colleton  district,  S.  C. 

REDBANK,  t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 

RED  BLUFF,  v.  Claiborne  co.  Miss. 

REDFIELD,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.Y.  35  m. 
NNW.  from  Rome,  148  NW.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  341. 

RED  HOOK,  v.  in  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.  on  E. 
bank  of  the  Hudson,  47  m.  S.  from  Albany. 

RED  HOUSE,  v.  Caswell  co.  N.  C. 

RED  LAKE,  lake,  N.  America.  This  is 
comparatively  a  small  lake,  at  the  head  of  a 
branch  of  the  Red  river;  its  form  is  nearly 
round,  and  about  60  miles  in  circumference. 


RED-RHI 


387 


On  one  side  of  it  is  a  tolerably  large  island, 
close  by  which  a  small  river  enters.  It  is  al 
most  SE.  from  Lake  Winnipeg,  and  SW.  from 
the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  Lon.  95°  10'  W. ; 
lat.  47°  40'  N. 

RED  LICK,  salt  spring  in  the  state  of  Ken. 
32  m.  E.  from  Stamford. 

RED  SHOAL,  v.  Stokes  co.  N.  C. 

REDSTONE,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 

RED  RIVER,  r.  which  rises  in  Kentucky, 
and  runs  into  the  Cumberland  in  Tennessee,  a 
little  below  Clarkesville. 

RED  RIVER,  r.  Kentucky,  which  runs  W. 
into  the  Kentucky,  9  miles  above  Boons  bo 
rough. 

RED  RIVER,  one  of  the  most  considerable 
tributaries  of  the  Mississippi,  and  the  first  from 
its  mouth  of  any  importance,  which  it  receives 
on  the  W.  about  400  miles  above  New  Orleans. 
It  takes  its  rise  in  a  chain  of  hills  near  Santa 
Fe,  in  New  Mexico,  called,  we  know  not  by 
what  authority,  the  Caous  Mountains.  In  its 
upper  courses  it  receives  Blue  river,  and  False 
Washita.  It  winds  through  a  region  of  prai 
ries,  on  which  feed  droves  of  buffaloes,  cattle, 
and  wild  horses.  In  these  regions  it  receives 
a  great  many  considerable  tributaries,  the 
names  of  which  have  not  yet  been  given. 
Through  the  greater  part  of  its  course,  Red 
river  winds  through  immense  prairies  of  a  red 
soil  covered  with  grass,  and  vines  that  bear  de 
licious  grapes.  On  its  banks  is  the  favorite 
range  jf  the  buffalo,  and  other  game,  peculiar 
to  the  vast  western  ocean  of  prairies.  About 
thirty  leagues  above  Natchitoches,  commences 
the  Raft,  which  is  nothing  more  than  a  broad 
swampy  expansion  of  the  alluvion  of  the  river 
to  the  width  of  20  or  30  miles.  The  river, 
spreading  here  into  a  vast  number  of  channels, 
frequently  shallow,  of  course,  has  been  for  ages 
clogging  with  a  compact  mass  of  timber,  and 
fallen  trees,  wafted  from  the  upper  regions. 
Between  these  masses  the  river  has  a  channel, 
sometimes  lost  in  a  lake,  and  found  by  follow 
ing  the  outlet  of  that  lake  back  to  the  parent 
channel.  There  is  no  stage  of  the  water,  in 
which  a  keel-boat,  with  an  experienced  pilot, 
may  not  make  its  way  through  the  raft.  We 
have  seen  a  considerable  steam-boat,  which 
was  built  above  the  raft,  and  floated  through  it 
m  an  unfinished  state.  The  river  is  blocked 
up  by  this  immense  mass  of  timber  for  a  length, 
by  its  meanders,  of  between  60  and  70  miles. 
There  are  places  where  the  water  can  be  seen 
in  motion  under  the  logs.  In  other  places,  the 
whole  width  of  the  river  may  be  crossed  on 
horseback,  and  boats  only  make  their  way,  in 
passing  these  places,  by  following  the  inlet  of 
a  lake,  and  coasting  it  to  its  outlet,  and  thus 
finding  the  channel  again.  Weeds,  flowering 
shrubs,  and  small  willows,  have  taken  root 
upon  the  surface  of  this  timber,  and  flourish 
above  the  waters.  But  in  all  these  places  the 
courses  of  the  river,  its  outline,  and  its  bends, 
are  distinctly  marked  by  a  margin  of  forest 
trees,  whk;h  grow  here  on  the  banks  in  the 
same  manner  as  they  do  where  the  channel  is 
open.  It  is  an  impediment  of  incalculable  in 
jury  to  the  navigation  of  this  noble  river,  and 


the  immense  extent  of  fine  country  above  it. 
There  is,  probably,  no  part  of  the  United  States 
where  the  unoccupied  lands  have  higher  claims, 
from  soil,  climate,  intermixture  of  prairies  and 
timbered  lands,  position,  and  every  inducement 
to  population,  than  the  country  between  the 
Raft  and  Kimichie.  This  country  would  be 
settled  with  greater  rapidity,  were  it  not  for 
the  obstruction  which  this  raft  opposes  to  the 
navigation  of  the  river.  The  state  has  made 
an  eifort  to  have  it  removed.  Accurate  sur 
veys  of  it  have  been  made,  and  the  general 
government  has  made  an  appropriation  for  this 
purpose.  The  river  above  the  raft  becomes 
broad,  deep,  and  navigable  for  steam-boats  in 
moderate  stages  of  the  water,  1,000  miles  to 
wards  the  mountains.  Below  the  raft,  as  we 
have  remarked,  the  river  divides  itself  into 
many  channels,  and  fills  such  a  number  of 
bayous  and  lakes,  that  lie  parallel  to  the  river, 
that  the  bare  enumeration  of  their  names  would 
carry  us  beyond  our  limits. 

REEDSBOROUGH,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt. 
15  m.  SE.  from  Bennington. 

REEDY  CREEK,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Ion.  74°  16'  W. ;  lat.  39°  55'  N. 

REEDY  ISLAND,  isl.  in  the  river  Dela 
ware,  20  m.  from  Bombay  Hook,  and  50  below 
Philadelphia  ;  3  m.  long,  and  \  broad. 

REEL  FOOT,  i .  Ten.  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  about  35  m.  S.  of  the  Ohio. 

REESVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  3  m. 
a  little  W.  of  S.  and  on  the  opposite  side  of 
Schuylkill  river  from  Norristown,  and  16  NW. 
from  Philadelphia. 

REHOBOTH,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass,  on  E. 
side  of  the  Seekhonk,  15  m.  WSW.  from  Taun- 
ton,  37  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  2,468. 

REHOBOTH  BAY,  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
belonging  to  Sussex  co.  Del.  It  has  the  same 
inlet  with  Indian  river. 

REHRERSBURG,  or  Rehrerstown,  v.  in 
the  NW.  part  of  Berks  co.  Pa.  46  m.  a  little  N 
of  E.  from  Harrisburg,  15  NE.  from  Lebanon- 

REIDSVILLE,  v.  Pendleton  district,  S.C. 

REISTERSTOWN,  v.  Baltimore  co.  Md 
15  m.  NW.  from  Baltimore. 

REMBERTSTON,  t.  Sumpter  district,  S.C 

REMSEN,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  107  m.  NW 
from  Albany.  Pop.  1,400. 

RENSSELAER,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by 
Washington  co.  E.  by  Vermont  and  Massachu 
setts,  S.  by  Columbia  co.  and  W.  by  the  Hud 
son.  Pop.  49,472.  Chief  town,  Troy. 

RENSSELAER,  v.  in  Berlin,  N.  Y.  12  m. 
E.  from  Albany.  Here  is  an  extensive  manu 
factory  of  glass. 

RENSSELAERVILLE,  t.  Albany  co.  N.Y. 
24  m.  SW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  3,689. 

REPUBLICVILLE,  v.  Clarke  co.  Al. 

REYNOLDSBURG,  v.  Humphrey  co.Ten. 

RHEA,  co.  Ten.  bounded  by  M'Minn  SE. 
the  Cherokee  lands  and  Hamilton  co.  SW. 
Bledsoe  W.  and  NW.  and  Rowan  NE.  Length 
30  m.  mean  width  20.  Pop.  in  1820,  4,215; 
in  1830,  8,182.  Chief  town,  Washington. 

RHEATOWN,  v.  Greene  co.  Ten.  E.  from 
Nashville. 

RHINEBECK,  t.  Dutches*  co.  N  Y.  on  E. 


388 


RHI— R1C 


dlde  of  the  Hudson,  18  m.  N.  from  Poughkeep- 
sie,  67  S.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,938.  There  are 
4  landings  on  the  Hudson  in  this  town,  and 
the  trade  is  considerable.  Here  is  a  remark 
able  cavern. 

RHINESTOWN,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  20 
m.  W.  from  Petersburg. 

RHODE  ISLAND,  one  of  the  U.  S.  See 
page  59. 

RHODE  ISLAND,  isl.  of  the  U.  S.  a  part 
of  R.  I.  state,  and  from  which  that  small  mem 
ber  of  our  confederacy  takes  its  name.  It  is 
15  m.  long,  mean  width  of  2|,  and  is  included 
in  Newport  co.  This  island  received  its  name 
from  the  Dutch,  and,  contrary  to  common 
opinion,  means  Red  Island. 

RHODE  RIVER,  r.  S.  C.  which  runs  into 
the  NW.  branch  of  Cape  Fear  river. 

RIAPA  CREEK,  r.  Miss,  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  52  m.  below  Natchez. 

RICEBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Liberty  co. 
Geo.  on  Newport  river ;  32  m.  SW.  from  Sa 
vannah,  692  from  W.  It  contains  about  40 
houses. 

RICEVILLE,  v.  Rowan  co.  Ten. 

RICHARDSONVILLE,  v.  Edgefield  dis 
trict,  S.  C.  74  m.  W.  from  Columbia. 

RICHELIEU,  co.  L.  C.  on  St.  Lawrence 
and  Richelieu  rivers,  and  extending  SE.  from 
the  former,  to  the  N.  boundary  of  Vermont. 

RICHFIELD,  NE.  t.  Medina  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  653. 

RICHFIELD,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  13  m. 
NW.  from  Cooperstown,  72  W.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  1,752. 

RICHFORD,  t.  Franklin  co,  Vt.  48  m.  N. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  704. 

RICHFORD,  v.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 

RICH  HILL,  t.  in  the  eastern  part  of  Mus- 
kingum  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,263. 

RICHHILL,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa. 

RICHLAND,  central  district  of  S.  C.  on  the 
peninsula  between  the  Wateree  and  Congaree 
rivers,  with  Fairfield  and  Kershaw  districts  N. 
Length  40  m.  mean  width  12.  Chief  town, 
Columbia. 

RICHLAND,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  Hu 
ron,  E.  by  Wayne,  S.  by  Knox,  and  W.  by 
Marion  and  Crawford  cos.  It  is  30  m.  square. 
Chief  town,  Mansfield.  Pop.  in  1820,  9,169  ; 
in  1830,  24,007. 

RICHLAND,  v.  Onslow  co.  N.  C. 

RICHLAND,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  E.  end 
of  Lake  Ontario,  55  in.  N  W.  from  Utica.  Pop. 
2,733. 

RICHLAND,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
3,747. 

RICHLAND,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,664. 

RICHLAND,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,537. 

RICHLAND,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,824. 

RICHLAND,  district,  central  part  of  S.  C. 
Pop.  11,465,  Chief  town,  Columbia. 

RICHLAND,  r.  Ten.  It  passes  by  Pulaski, 
and  is  navigable  from  that  town  to  its  junction 
with  Elk  river,  12  m.  Length  70  m. 

RICHLAND,  v.  Giles  co.  Ten. 


RICHMAN'S  ISLAND,  small  Island  on 
the  coast  of  Maine,  3  m.  N.  from  Portland. 

RICHMOND,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  28  m. 
WNW.  from  Montpelier,  499  from  W.  Pop. 
1,109 

RICHMOND,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
181. 

RICHMOND,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  12  m. 
S.  from  Keene,  88  WSW.  from  Portsmouth. 
Pop.  1,301. 

RICHMOND,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  7  m. 
W.  from  Lenox,  10  WSW.  from  Pittsfield,  130 
W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  844. 

RICHMOND,  t.  Washington  co.  R.  L  18 
m.  W.  from  Newport.  Pop.  1,362. 

RICHMOND,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Rich 
mond  co.  N.  Y.  near  the  centre  of  Staten  Isl 
and,  6  m.  SW.  from  the  Lazaretto. 

RICHMOND,  t.  situate  on  the  head  of  a 
small  stream,  to  which  it  gives  name,  about  2 
m.  W.  of  Delaware  river,  in  Northampton  co. 
Pa. 

RICHMOND,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 231, 

RICHMOND,  co.  N.  Y.  occupying  all 
Staten  Island.  Pop.  7,084.  Chief  town,  Rich 
mond. 

RICHMOND,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  West 
moreland  co.  NE.  by  Westmoreland  and  North 
umberland  cos.  SE.  by  Lancaster  co.  and  SW. 
by  the  Rappahannock.  Pop.  6,056. 

RICHMOND,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hem 
lock  and  Honeoye  Lakes,  15  in.  SW.  from 
Canandaigua.  Pop.  1,876. 

RICHMOND,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  me 
tropolis  of  Virginia,  in  Henrico  co.  on  the  N. 
side  of  James  river,  between  50  and  60  m.  by 
the  course  of  the  river,  above  City  Point,  and 
150  m.  from  its  mouth,  immediately  below  the 
Falls,  at  the  head  of  tide-water,  and  opposite 
Manchester,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  2 
bridges;  25  m.  N.from  Petersburg,  123  m.  W. 
of  S.  from  W.  Lon.  77°  31'  W. ;  lat.  37°  30' 
N.  The  situation  is  alike  picturesque,  salu 
brious,  and  beautiful.  The  position  is  favora 
ble  for  commerce,  it  being  the  natural  depot  of 
tobacco,  wheat,  and  hemp,  raised  in  the  popu 
lous  country  watered  by  the  river.  An  abun 
dance  of  mineral  coal  is  cheaply  conveyed  to 
it.  It  contains  13  public  buildings,  and  8 
churches,  together  with  a  number  of  respecta 
ble  manufactories.  The  Capitol,  the  Peniten 
tiary,  and  the  beautiful  church  raised  on  the 
ruins  of  the  theatre,  in  the  conflagration  of 
which  70  citizens  perished,  are  beautiful  and 
conspicuous  erections.  The  new  Court-House 
is  also  a  spacious  and  elegant  building.  The 
Virginia  Armory  is  an  extensive  establish 
ment.  The  river  has  been  rendered  boalable 
220  m.  above  the  city.  This  town  owns  a  re 
spectable  amount  of  shipping,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  places  in  the  state.  Pop.  in 
1820,  12,046;  in  1830, 16,085. 

RICHMOND,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  S. 
Carolina  SW.  Yadkin  river  W.  Montgomery 
and  Moore  N.  Cumberland  E.  and  Robeson 
SE.  Length  45  m.  Chief  town,  Rocking- 
ham.  Pop.  in  1820,  7,537 ;  in  1830,  9,326. 

RICHMOND,  co.  Geo.  Chief  town,  Au 
gusta.  Pop.  11,644. 


RIC— ROC 


389 


RICHMOND,  v.  Wayne  co.  In.  63  m.  E.  \ 
from  Indianapolis. 

RICHMOND,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Madi 
son  co.  Ken.  30  m,  SSE.  from  Lexington,  53 
SE.  from  Frankfort,  and  537  from  W.  Pop. 
947. 

RICHMOND,  C.  H.  Richmond  co.  Va.  62 
in.  NE.  from  Richmond. 

RICHMOND,  v.  Henry  co.  Al. 

RICHMOND,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  Salt 
creek,  14  m.  SE.  from  Chillicothe.  Pop.  221. 

RICHMONDVILLE,  v.  Schoharie  co.  N. 
Y.  36  m.  westerly  from  Albany. 

RICHWOODS,  v.  Morgan  co.  Va.  98  m. 
NW.  from  W. 

RIDEAU,  river  of  Canada,  a  southern 
branch  of  the  Ottawa. 

RIDGE,  v.  St.  Mary's  co.  Md. 

RIDGE,  v.  Edgefield  district,  S.  C. 

RIDGEFIELD,  t.  Fairneld  co.  Ct.  13  m.  N. 
from  Norwalk.  Pop.  2,322.  It  has  an  ele 
vated  situation,  and  affords  a  good  view  of 
Long-  Island  Sound,  which  is  14  m.  distant 

RIDGEFIELD,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
842. 

RIDGEVILLE,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
67. 

RIGA,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side  of 
the  Genesee,  20  m.  NE.  from  Batavia.  Pop. 
1,908. 

RIGOLET,  r.  La.  which  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  Sabine  and  Black  Lake  rivers, 
and  unites  with  the  Red  river,  about  25  m. 
NW.  from  Alexandria. 

RIGOLETS,  r.  or  channel,  which  forms  a 
communication  between  Lakes  Ponchartrain 
and  Borgne.  Length  8  or  10  m. 

RILEY,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  30  m.  NW.  from 
Paris.  Pop.  57. 

RINDGE,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on  W.  side 
of  New  Ipswich,  18  m.  SE.  from  Keene,  55 
NW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,269.  There  are 
in  this  town  13  ponds,  the  largest  of  which 
contains  200  acres. 

RING  ISLAND,  small  island,  near  the 
coast  of  Mass,  a  little  to  the  E.  of  Newbury- 
port. 

RINGO'S  TOWN,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 
15  m.  NW.  from  Trenton. 

RIPLEY,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1,647. 

RIPLEY,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio, 
at  the  mouth  of  White  Oak  creek,  12  m.  below 
Maysville.  Pop.  572. 

RIPLEY,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  176. 

RIPLEY,  t.  Bond  co.  II.  on  Shoal  creek,  10 
m.  from  Perrysville,  20  from  Edwardsville. 
Here  are  valuable  mills.  Near  the  town  there 
is  a  salt  spring,  and  a  coal  mine  7  miles  dis 
tant. 

RIPLEY,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.    Pop.  644. 

RIPLEY,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Fayette  NW. 
Franklin  N.  Dearborn  E.  Switzerland  SE. 
Jefferson  S.  and  Jennings  W.  Length  27  m. 
mean  width  16.  It  is  an  elevated  tract,  from 
which  the  streams  flow  in  various  directions 
into  Ohio  and  Wabash  rivers.  Chief  town, 
Versailles.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,822;  in  1830, 
3,957. 


RIPTON,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  34  m.  SW.  from 
Montpelier.  Pop.  278. 

RISING  SUN,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md. 

RISING  SUN,  t.  Dearborn  co.  In.  finely 
situated  on  the  second  bank  of  the  Ohio,  with 
a  gradual  descent  to  the  river.  It  is  half-way 
between  Vevay  and  Lawrcnceburg,  and  con 
tains  about  500  inhabitants. 

RIVANNA,  r.  Va.  which  runs  SE.  into  the 
river  James,  at  Columbia.  It  is  navigable  for 
bateaux  upwards  of  20  m. 

RIVERHEAD,  t.  and  cap.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y. 
on  Long  Island  Sound,  90  m.  E.  from  N.  York. 
Pop.  2,016.  It  contains  several  villages,  which 
are  distinguished  by  local  names,  the  county 
buildings,  some  manufactures,  and  4  or  5 
houses  of  public  worship,  for  Congregational 
ists  and  Presbyterians. 

RIVERHEAD,  v.  New  London  co.  Ct.  50 
m.  from  Hartford. 

RIXEYVILLE,  v.  Culpeper  co.  Va.  67  m. 
SW.  from  W.  and  117  NNW.  from  Richmond. 

ROANE,  co.  Ten.  bounded  by  Blount  E. 
M'Minn  SE.  Rhea  SW.  Morgan  NW.  Ander- 
son  N.  and  Knox  NE.  Length  30  m.  mean 
width  20.  The  two  great  branches  of  Ten 
nessee  river,  the  Tennessee  proper,  and  Hoi. 
ston,  unite  in  this  county.  Pop.  in  1820,  7,895 ; 
in  1830,  11,340. 

ROAN'S  CREEK,  v.  Carter  co.  Ten. 

ROANOKE,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the 
coast  of  N.  Carolina,  at  the  entrance  into  Albe- 
marle  Sound,  .vith  a  town  of  the  same  name 
Lon.  76°  W. ;  lat.  35°  50'  N. 

ROANOKE,  r.  N.  C.  which  is  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  Staunton  and  the  Dan,  the 
former  of  which  rises  in  Virginia,  and  the  lat 
ter  in  N.  Carolina,  and  flows  into  Albemarle 
Sound.  Lat.  35°  58'  N.  It  is  navigable  for 
vessels  of  considerable  burden  30  or  40  in.  and 
for  boats  of  30  or  40  tons  to  the  Falls,  70  m. 
and  for  boats  of  5  tons  for  the  distance  of  200 
m.  above  the  Falls. 

ROANOKE,  Little,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
the  Staunton. 

ROANOKE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va.  150 
m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

ROANOKE  INLET,  channel  on  the  coast 
of  N.  Carolina,  which  leads  into  Albemarle 
Sound. 

ROARING  RIVER,  r.  Ten.  which  runs 
into  the  Cumberland,  below  Obeds. 

ROBBINSTON,  t.  Washington  co.  Me.  490 
m.  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  616. 

ROBERTSON,  co.  Ten.  bounded  by  Ken 
tucky  N.  Sumner  E.  Davidson  S.  Dickson  SW. 
and  Montgomery  W.  Length  40  m.  mean 
width  15.  Chief  town,  Springfield.  Pop.  in 
1820,9,938;  in  1830,  13,302. 

ROBESON,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  S.  Caro 
lina  SW.  Richland  co.  W.  Cumberland  N 
Bladen  E.  Columbus  SE.  Length  33  m.  mean 
width  25.  Chief  town,  Lumberton.  Pop.  in 
1820,  8,204 ;  in  1830,  9,355. 

ROCHELLE,  New,  t.  Westchester  co. 
N.Y.  on  Long  Island  Sound,  21  m.  NNE. 
from  New  York.  Pop.  1,274.  Here  is  an 
academy. 

ROCHESTER,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  W. 


390 


ROC— ROC 


side  of  Salmon  Fall  river,  22  in.  NW.  from 
Portsmouth.  Pop.  2,155.  Near  the  centre  of 
the  town,  there  is  a  village  called  Norway 
Plains,  containing  a  meeting-house,  a  court 
house,  50  or  60  dwelling-houses,  and  several 
stores.  There  is  also  a  cotton  manufactory  in 


the  town. 

ROCHESTER,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y. 
2,420. 


Pop. 


ROCHESTER,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  44  m. 
NW.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,392. 

ROCHESTER,  v.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  at  the 
Falls  of  Genesee,  7  m.  from  Lake  Ontario,  is 
the  third  town  in  point  of  population  in  this 
state,  and  has  had  the  most  sudden  growth  of 


any  town  in  America, 
wide  and  deep  forest. 


In  1812  it  was  one 
In  1818,  it  contained 


1,049  inhabitants;  in  1820,  1,502;  in  1825, 
5,271 ;  in  1830,  9,269.  Parts  of  the  town  are 
very  handsomely  built.  There  are  7  respecta 
ble  public  buildings,  and  12  churches.  Thir 
teen  large  flour-mills,  with  52  run  of  stones, 
can  annually  make  342,000  barrels  of  flour. 
Some  of  these  mills  are  on  a  scale  of  magni 
tude  not  equalled  elsewhere  in  the  world.  One 
of  them  covers  more  than  4  acres,  and  all  are 
considered  unrivalled  in  the  perfection  of  their 
machinery.  Fifteen  million  feet  of  lumber 
are  sawed  or  rafted  here  annually.  There  are 
a  number  of  factories  and  mechanical  estab 
lishments,  some  on  a  large  scale.  The  water- 
power  is  almost  inexhaustible.  The  aqueduct 
over  the  Genesee  at  this  place  is  one  of  the 
most  gigantic  works  on  the  canal  line.  At  the 
northern  extremity  of  the  town,  the  Genesee 
falls  90  feet.  At  Carthage,  two  miles  distant, 
it  falls  70  feet.  Still  another  noble  cascade  of 
the  Genesee,  close  by  this  town,  will  be  long 


ROCHESTER,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass,  on 
Buzzard's  Bay,  20  m.  SW.  from  Plymouth,  48 
S.  from  Boston.  Pop.  3,556. 

ROCK,  northern  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 


708. 

ROCKAWAY,  v.  Queen's  co.  Long  Island, 
8  m.  S.  from  Jamaica,  on  the  Atlantic  coast. 
It  is  a  watering  place,  and  seat  of  summer 
recreation. 

ROCKAWAY,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  on  Rock- 
away  river,  which  runs  into  the  Passaic,  7  m. 
NNW.  from  Morristown.  It  contains  a  Pres 
byterian  church,  2  forges,  and  a  rolling-mill. 
The  Morris  canal  passes  through  the  village. 

ROCKBRIDGE,  co.  Va.  bounded  by  the 
Blue  Ridge,  or  Nelson  and  Amherst  cos.  SE. 
Bedford  S.  Botetourt  SW.  and  W.  Bath  NW. 
and  Augusta  NE.  Length  33  m.  mean  width 
23.  It  is  drained  by  the  North  river,  branch 
of  James  river,  which  unites  at  the  foot  of  the 
Blue  Ridge,  in  the  southern  angle  of  the  co. 
Pop.  in  1820,  11,945;  in  1830,  14,244.  Chief 
town,  Lexington. 

ROCK  CASTLE,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by 
Knox  SE.  Pulaski  SW.  Lincoln  and  Garrard 
NW.  Madison  NE.  and  Clay  E.  Length  25 
m.  mean  width  15.  Chief  town,  Mount  Ver- 
non.  Pop.  in  1820,  2,249  ;  in  1830,  2,875. 

ROCK  CASTLE,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  SW. 
into  the  Cumberland,  near  the  Long  Shoals. 

ROCKFORD,  v.  Surrey  co.  N.  C. 

ROCKFORD,v.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio,  7  m. 
E.  from  New  Philadelphia,  on  the  road  from 
thence  to  Steubenville. 

ROCKFISH,r.  Va.  forms  part  of  the  bound 
ary  between  Albemarle  and  Nelson  cos.  Va. 
and  falls  into  James  river  from  the  north. 

ROCK  HALL,  t.  Kent  co.  Md.  on  the  E. 


remembered  as  the  place  where  the  famous  side  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  directly  opposite  the 
Patch  made  his  last  leap.     Merchandise  to  and  mouth  of  Patapsco  river. 


from  Lake  Ontario,  forwarded  from  this  town, 
is  raised  or  lowered  down  this  great  and  steep 
.descent  of  the  Genesee,  by  means  of  an  in 
clined  plane,  the  descending  weight  raising  a 


ROCKINGHAM,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  on 
the  Connecticut,  18  m.  S.  from  Windsor.  Pop. 
2,272. 

ROCKINGHAM,  co.  SE.  part  of  N.  Hamp 


fighter  one.  It  has  2  banks,  a  Museum,  an  shire,  bounded  NE.  by  StrafFord  co.  E.  by  the 
Arcade,  an  Athenaeum,  and  several  literary  in-  j  Atlantic,  S.  by  Massachusetts,  and  W.  by  Hills- 
stitutions,  2  daily  and  sevexal  weekly  newspa-  borough  co.  Pop.  44,452.  Chief  towns,  Ports- 


pers.  From  the  observatory  at  the  summit  of 
the  Arcade,  may  be  seen,  in  a  clear  day,  the 
waters  of  Lake  Ontario,  like  a  strip  of  blue 
cloud  on  the  verge  of  the  horizon.  Rochester 
is  236  m.  W.  from  Albany,  and  361  N.  from 
W.  The  following  statement  of  the  manufac 
turing1  and  mechanical  operations  at  this  vil 
lage,  is  from  a  late  Rochester  paper. 

Factories,  &c.        Investment.     ATI.  Amount 

Flouring  Mills $281,000 .     . .  $1,331,000 

Cotton      do 50,000 .     ...      30,000 

Woollen  do 70,000.     ...    112,000 

Leather,  &c 25,000 .     ...    166,000 

Ironworks 24,000.     ...      46,000 

Rifles,  &c 3,000 .     ...        5,000 

Soap  and  candles 6.000 .     ...      45,000 

Groceries,  &c 21,000.     ...       32,800 

Tobacoo 4,500 18,000 

Pail,  Sash,  &c 2,500 12,000 

Boatbuilding 11.000 40,200 

Linseed  Oil 3,000 4,000 

Globe  building  factories,  10,000 15,000 

$511,000          $1,857,000 


mouth,  Exeter,  and  Concord. 

ROCKINGHAM,  co.  central  part  of  Va. 
bounded  NE.  by  Hardy  and  Shenandoah  cos, 
SE.  by  Orange  and  Albemarle  cos.  SW.  by 
Augusta  co.  and  WNW.  by  Pendleton  co 
Pop.  20,693.  Chief  town,  Harrisonburg. 

ROCKINGHAM,  co.  N.  side  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
12,920.  It  lies  W.  of  Caswell  co.  and  is  wa- 
!  tered  by  the  Dan.  There  is  a  mineral  spring 
in  this  county,  which  is  much  resorted  to. 
Chief  town,  Wentworth. 

ROCKINGHAM,  t.  and  cap.  Richmond  co. 
N.  C.  6  m.  E.  from  the  Yadkin,  55  WSW.  from 
Fayetteville,  399  from  W.  It  contains  about 
30  houses. 

ROCKLAND,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  NW.  by 
Orange  co.  E.  by  the  Hudson,  and  SW.  by  N. 
Jersey.  Pop.  9,388.  Chief  town,  Clarka 
town. 

ROCKLAND,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  W.  of 
Kingston.  Pop.  547. 

ROCK  LANDING,  v.  Halifax  co.  N  C.  at 


ROC— ROU 


391 


the  head  of  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Roanoke,  12 
m.  above  Halifax. 

ROCKPORT,  v.  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the 
mouth  of  Rocky  river,  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  361. 

ROCKPORT,  v.  Spencer  co.  In.  on  Ohio 
river,  40  m.  by  water  above  the  mouth  of 
Green  river,  and  189  m.  SSW.  from  Indian 
apolis. 

ROCK  RIVER,  r.  which  rises  in  the  NW. 
Territory,  runs  through  NW.  part  of  Illinois, 
and  flows  into  the  Mississippi,  160  m.  above 
the  Illinois.  Length  about  200  miles. 

ROCK  RIVER,  r.  America,  which  runs 
into  Lake  Michigan. 

ROCK  SPRING,  v.  Nelson  co.  Va. 

ROCKVILLE,  v.  Parke  co.  In.  80  m.  W. 
from  Indianapolis. 

ROCKVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 

ROCKVILLE,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

ROCKY  BRIDGE,  Christian  co.  Ken. 

ROCKY  HILL,  v.  in  Wethersfield,  Ct.  4  m. 
S.  from  Wethersfield.  The  business  of  ship 
building  is  carried  on  here  to  some  extent. 

ROCKY  HILL  MILLS,  v.  Fauquier  co. 
Virginia. 

ROCKY  ISLAND,  large  rock  in  the  river 
Detroit,  composed  of  lime-stone. 

ROCKY  MOUNT,  t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co. 
Va.  25  m.  N.  from  Martinsville,  375  from  W. 

ROCKY  MOUNT,  v.  Nash  co.  N.C. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAINS,  or  Stony  Moun 
tains,  long  and  broad  range  of  mountains, 
N.  America.  Lon.  112°  W.  They  divide  the 
waters  which  flow  E.  into  the  Missouri  and 
Mississippi,  from  those  which  flow  W.  into  the 
Pacific  Ocean. 

ROCKY  RIVER,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
Lake  Erie,  9  m.  W.  of  the  Cuyahoga. 

ROCKY  RIVER,  r.  N.C.  which  runs  into 
the  Yadkin. 

ROCKY  RIVER,  v.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio. 

ROCKY  SPRINGS,  v.  Rockingham  co. 
N.C. 

RODMAN,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.Y.  160  m. 
NW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,901. 

ROEBUCK  ISLAND,  small  isl.  at  E.  ex 
tremity  of  Lake  Ontario. 

ROGERSMILLS,  v.  Saratoga  co,  N.  Y. 

ROGER'S  POINT,  cape  on  W.  side  of 
Lake  Huron.  Lon.  82°  45'  W. ;  lat.  44°  19'  N. 

ROGERSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Hawkins  co. 
Ten.  on  the  Holston,  65  m.  ENE.  from  Knox- 
ville,  451  from  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  in 
Carter's  Valley,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a 
bank,  an  academy,  and  a  printing-office-  Nine 
miles  SW.of  the  town  there  are  extensive  salt 
works. 

ROGERSVILLE,  t.  Pendleton  district,  S.C. 

ROGERSVILLE,  v.  Person  eo.  N.  C.  96  m. 
tfNW.  from  Raleigh. 

ROME,  v.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 

ROME,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me,  22  m.  NNW. 
Vom  Augusta.  Pop.  883. 

ROME,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.Y.  108  m.  WNW. 
'rom  Albany.  Pop.  4,360.  It  is  situated  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  16  m.  W.  from  Utica.  It  is  a 
Peasant  and  flourishing  town,  contains  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  several  churches,  and  an  arsenal, 


some  manufactories,  and  has  considerable  trade. 
The  courts  of  the  county  are  held  alternately 
here  and  at  Whitesborough. 

ROMNEY,  t.  and  cap.  Hampshire  co.  Va. 
on  E.  side  of  the  S.  branch  of  the  Potomac,  45 
m.  W.  by  N.  from  Winchester,  190  NW.  from 
Richmond,  112  from  W.  It  is  a  handsome 
village,  containing  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
bank,  and  about  600  inhabitants.  A  weekly 
newspaper  is  also  published  here. 

ROMULUS,  t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side 
of  Cayuga  Lake,  10  m.  N.  from  Ovid,  200  W. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  2,089.  It  is  a  valuable 
agricultural  town,  and  has  some  manufac 
tories. 

RONKONKAMA,  small  lake  in  the  central 
part  of  Long  Island,  between  Brookhaven  and 
Islip ;  55  m.  E.  from  New  York ;  about  3  m. 
in  circumference,  and  very  deep.  It  is  remark 
able  for  being  subject  to  a  regular  rise  and  fall, 
each  of  which  continues  7  years.  It  abounds 
in  fish. 

ROOT,  v.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  46  m.  N  W 
from  Albany.  Pop.  2,750. 

ROOTSTOWN,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
684. 

ROSCOMMON,  v.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 

ROSE,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  978. 

ROSEAU,  or  Charlottetown,  capital  of  the 
island  of  Martinico,  on  the  SW.  side  of  the 
island. 

ROSE  ISLAND,  isl.  stretching  from  Pen- 
saeola  eastward  along  the  coast  of  Florida, 
about  60  miles.  It  is  generally  less  than  half 
a  mile  wide,  sandy,  and  barren. 

ROSE  MILLS,  v.  Amherst  co.  Va. 

ROSEVILLE,  v.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 

ROSEVILLE,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va.  158  m.  N. 
from  Richmond,  and  35  NW.  by  W.  from  W. 

ROSEVILLE,  v.  Parke  co.  In.  109  m.  west 
erly  from  Indianapolis. 

ROSS,  t.  Greene  co.  Ohio,  51  m.  SW.  by  W, 
from  Columbus.  Pop.  1,258. 

ROSS,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,845. 

ROSS,  co.  Ohio,  watered  by  the  Seioto.  Pop. 
24,053.  Chief  town,  Chillicothe. 

ROSSIE,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  Pop, 
650. 

ROSSVILLE,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

ROSSVILLE,  v.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Great  Miami,  opposite  Hamilton.  Pop.  629. 

ROSSVILLE,  t.  New  Madrid  district,  Miso. 

ROSSVILLE,  v.  Cherokee  Nation,  on  the  S. 
side  of  Tennessee  river,  4  or  5  miles  below  the 
mouth  of  Chickamaugah  creek,  50  SSW.  from 
Washington,  Ten. 

ROUGE  RIVER,  r.  Michigan  Ter.  which 
runs  into  Detroit  river,  5  m.  below  Detroit.  It 
is  navigable  for  vessels  drawing  16  feet  water 
4  miles,  to  the  dock-yard,  thence  for  boata 
drawing  3  feet  water  8  miles. 

ROUGH  CREEK,  r.  Ken,  which  runs  into 
Green  river. 

ROULANDSVILLE,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md. 

ROUND  TOP,  a  peak  of  the  Catskill  Moun 
tains,  N.  Y.,  W.  of  Catskill.  Height  3,804  feet, 

ROUND  KEY,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of 
Mississippi.  Lon.  88°' 28'  W. ;  lat.  30°  15'  N 

ROUND  LICK,  v.  Smith  co.  Ten. 


392 


ROU— RUT 


ROUSE'S  POINT,  v.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  W.  cape  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain, 
186  m.  N.  from  Albany. 

ROWAN,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  S.  by  Mont- 

§  ornery  and  Cabarras,  W.  by  Iredell,  N.  by 
urrey  and  Stokes,  and  E.  by  Guilford  and 
Randolph.  Length  40  m.  mean  width  36. 
Chief  town,  Lexington.  Pop.  in  1820,  26,009  ; 
in  1830,  20,796. 

ROWE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  17  m.  NW. 
from  Springfield,  103  WNW.  from  Boston 
Pop.  716. 

ROWLETT,  v.  Potter  co.  Pa.  181  m.  NNW. 
from  Harrisburg. 

ROWLEY,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  4  m.  N.  from 
Ipswich,  15  m.  N.  from  Salem,  28  NE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  2,044.  It  contains  2  parishes. 
The  principal  employment  is  agriculture ;  but 
leather  and  shoes  are  manufactured  to  some 
extent. 

ROXBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Person  co. 
N.  C.  271  m.  from  W. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  45  m.  N. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  737. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.H.  37  m.  SW. 
from  Concord.  Pop.  332. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  2  m.  SW. 
from  Boston,  of  which  it  is  in  reality  a  suburb. 
Pop.  5,249. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  35  m.  NW. 
from  New  Haven.  Pop.  1,122. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.Y.  56  m. 
SW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  3,214. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  45  m.  N. 
from  Trenton.  Pop.  2^62. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
707. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  4  m.  NE. 
from  Keene.  Pop.  322. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  16  m.  W. 
of  S.  from  Litchfield.  Pop.  1,122. 

ROYAL,  v.  Sampson  co.  N.  C. 

ROYAL,  isl.  of  Lake  Superior. 

ROYAL  OAK,  v.  Oakland  co.  Mich. 

ROYALTON,  t.  Windsor  eo.  Vt.  on  White 
river,  33  m.  S.  from  Montpelier,  29  m.  NNW. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,893.  Here  is  a  pleasant 
village,  containing  an  academy. 

ROY  ALTON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  36  m. 
NNW.  from  Worcester,  70  WNW.  from  Bos- 
ton.  Pop.  1,494. 

ROYALTON,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
3,138. 

ROYALTON,  v.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  10  m. 
W.  from  Lancaster. 

RUCKERSVILLE,  v.  Elbert  co.  Geo.  80 
m.  NE.  from  Milledgeville. 

RUMFORD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  20  m.  N.  from 
Paris,  215  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,126. 

RUMFORD,  r.  Mass,  which  runs  SSE.  into 
Taunton  river,  S.  of  Taunton. 

RUMFORD  ACADEMY,  v.  King  William 
co.  Va. 

RUMNEY,  t  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  7  m.  NW. 
from  Plymouth,  50  N.  from  Concord.  Pop. 
993. 

RUPERT,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  32  m.  N. 
from  Bennington.  Pop.  1,318. 

RUPERT,  Fort,  in  N.  America,  belonging 


to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  seated  on  the 
S.  end  of  Hudson's  Bay.  Lon.  80°  W. ;  lat. 
51°  3'  N. 

RUSH,  co.  In.  bounded  S.  by  Decatur,  W. 
by  Shelby,  NW.  by  Madison,  N.  by  Henry,  E. 
by  Fayette,  and  SE.  by  Franklin.  Length  24 
m.  breadth  18.  Chief  town,  Rushville.  Pop. 
9,918. 

RUSH,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  2,109. 

RUSH  CREEK,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 

RUSH  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  the 
Hockhocking,  7  m.  below  Lancaster. 

RUSHFORD,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1,115. 

RUSHVILLE,  v.  in  Middlesex  t.  on  the 
road  from  Bath  to  Canandaigua,  Ontario  co. 
N.Y. 

RUSHVILLE,  v.  on  Rush  creek,  in  the 
eastern  part  of  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  NE. 
by  E.  from  Lancaster.  Pop.  234. 

RUSHVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Rush 
co.  In.  on  Flat  Rock  creek,  43  m.  SE.  by  E. 
from  Indianapolis,  553  from  W. 

RUSSELL,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  14  m.  W. 
from  Springfield,  102  WSW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  509. 

RUSSELL,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  25  m. 
SE.  from  Ogdensburg.  Pop.  659. 

RUSSELL,  eo.  SW.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Kentucky,  ENE.  by  Tazewell  co.  SSE. 
by  Washington  co.  and  W.  by  Lee  co.  Pop. 
6,717.  Chief  town,  Lebanon. 

RUSSELL VILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Logan  ca 
Ken.  55  m.  NNE.  from  Nashville,  200  SW 
from  Lexington,  711  from  W.  Pop.  1,358.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  an  acade 
my,  several  churches,  and  2  printing-offices. 

RUSSELLVILLE,  v.  Brown  co.  Ohio. 

RUSSELL  VILLE,  v,  and  seat  of  justice, 
Franklin  co.  Al.  on  Cedar  creek,  branch  of 
Bear  creek,  25  m.  S.  from  Florence,  90  N.  from 
Tuscaloosa,  and  804  from  W. 

RUSSIA  IRON  WORKS,  v.  Clinton  co, 
N.Y. 

RUSSIA,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.Y.  26  m.  N. 
from  Herkimer.  Pop.  2,448. 

RUTHERFORD,  co.  of  N.  C.  bounded  by 
S.  C.  S.  Buncombe  W.  Burke  N.  and  Lincoln 
E.  Length  40  m.  width  25.  Pop.  17,557. 
Chief  town,  Rutherfordton. 

RUTHERFORD,  co.  Ten.  bounded  by  Bed 
ford  S.  Williamson  SW.  Davidson  NW.  Wil 
son  NE.  and  Warren  E.  Length  30  m.  width 
22.  Chief  town,  Murfreesborough.  Pop.  in 
1820,19,552;  in  1830,  26,133. 

RUTHERFORDTON,  t.  and  cap.  Ruther 
ford  co.  N.  C.  45  m.  S.  from  Morgantown,  220 
W.  from  Raleigh,  and  484  from  W. 

RUTLAND,  t.  and  cap.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on 
the  Otter  Creek,  55  m.  from  its  mouth,  45  W. 
by  N.  from  Windsor,  57  N.  from  Bennington, 
60  SSW.  from  Montpelier,  and  462  from  W. 
Pop.  2,753.  In  the  central  part  of  the  town 
there  is  a  pleasant  village,  situated  on  a  com 
manding  eminence.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  meeting-house,  and  an  academy,  and  has 
some  trade. 

RUTLAND,  v.  and  t.  Meigs  co.  Ohio.  Pop, 
971. 


RUT— SA1 


393 


RUTLAND,  co.  W.  side  of  Vt.  bounded  N. 
by  Addison  co.  E.  by  Windsor  co.  S.  by  Ben- 
nington  co.  and  W.  by  New  York  and  Lake 
Champlain.  Pop.  31,295.  Chief  town,  Rut 
land. 

RUTLAND,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  14  m. 
NW.  from  Worcester,  52  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,276, 

RUTLAND,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black 
nver,  170  m.  NW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,339. 

RUTLEDGE,  t.  and  cap.  Granger  co.  Ten. 
30  rn.  NE.  from  Knoxville,  483  from  W. 

RYE,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  7  m.  S.  from 
Portsmouth.  Pop.  1,172. 

RYE,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  on  Long 
Island  Sound,  28  m.  NE.  from  New  York. 
Pop.  1,602. 

RYEGATE,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  on  the 
Connecticut,  15  m.  S.  from  Danville,  28  E. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,119. 


SABA,  id.  of  the  West  Indies,  12  m.  in 
circumference,  inhabited  by  a  few  Dutch  fami 
lies.  Lon.  63°  17'  W. ;  lat.  17°  39'  N. 

SABINE,  r.  which  forms  the  western  bound 
ary  of  the  state  of  Louisiana,  and  flows  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico.  Lon.  93°  37'  W.;  lat. 
29°  23'  N.  It  is  navigable  about  280  miles. 
Near  its  mouth  it  passes  through  a  lake  of  the 
same  name,  which  is  about  25  m.  long,  and 
12  wide. 

SABINE  LAKE,  is  the  estuary  of  the  Sa- 
fcine  and  Natchez  rivers;  it  is  about  30  m. 
tong,  and  8  or  10  wide,  communicating  with 
ihe  gulf  of  Mexico  by  a  narrow  channel  of  4 
or  5  m.  in  length,  and  about  400  yards  wide. 
This  lake  is  very  shallow,  generally  about  5  or 
6  feet  in  depth ;  and  near  the  shores,  it  is  still 
shallower. 

SABLE,  r.  N.  Y.  which  rises  in  Essex  co. 
and  runs  NE.  into  Lake  Champlain,  forming 
for  20  m.  the  boundary  between  Clinton  and 
Essex  cos.  Length  35  m.  Adgate's  Falls  on 
this  river,  in  Chesterfield,  are  a  beautiful  cas 
cade,  and  are  visited  by  numerous  travellers. 

SABLE,  Cape,  most  S.  point  of  Nova  Scotia, 
near  which  is  a  fine  cod  fishery.  Lon.  65°  39' 
W.;  lat.  43°  23' N. 

SABLE  ISLE,  isle  nearly  adjoining  to  Sa 
ble  Cape ;  the  coasts  of  both  are  most  commo- 
diously  situated  for  fisheries. 

SABLE  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Essex  co.  N.  Y. 
between  Jay,  Chesterfield,  Lewis,  and  Wills- 
borough. 

SABOIS,  v.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  142  m.  N. 
from  Portland. 

SACANDAGA,  r.  N.  Y.  runs  E.  into  the 
Hudson,  in  Hadley.  Length  80  m. 

SACARAPPA,  v.  in  Westbrook,  Cumber 
land  co.  Maine. 

SACKET'S  HARBOR,  v.  and  port  of  entry, 
Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  at  the  mouth  of  Black  river, 
on  Hungry  Bay,  and  E.  end  of  Lake  Ontario, 
176  m.  NW.  from  Albany.  It  is  one  of  the 
best  harbors  on  the  lake,  and  is  rapidly  in 
creasing  in  population  and  commerce ;  con 
siderable  shipping  is  owned  here.  There  are 
2Z 


U.  S.  barracks  here  sufficient  for  3,000  troops. 
Distance  from  W.  470  m. 

SACO,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  York  co.  Me. 
on  NE.  side  of  the  river  Saco,  opposite  Bidde- 
ford,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  3  bridges, 
15  m.  SW.  from  Portland,  28  NE.  from  York, 
100  NNE.  from  Boston,  530  from  W.  Pop. 
3,219.  It  is  a  considerable  town,  favorably 
situated  for  trade  and  manufactures.  It  con 
tains  a  bank  and  an  academy,  and  has  con 
siderable  trade.  There  is  a  fall  in  the  Saco  r. 
here  of  42  feet,  which  affords  a  handsome  view, 
as  well  as  valuable  water-power  for  mills  and 
manufacturing  establishments,  of  which  sev 
eral  have  been  erected. 

SACO,  r.  rises  W.  of  the  White  Mountains, 
in  N.  H.  and  runs  SE.  into  the  sea,  below  Saco. 
It  is  160  m.  in  length,  and  has  falls  of  72  feet 
in  Hiram,  of  20  feet  in  Lymington,  30  in  Bux- 
ton,  and  42  in  Saco.  To  the  last  6  m.  from  its 
mouth,  it  is  navigable  for  ships. 

SACONDAGA,  v.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Mont- 
gomery  co.  N.  Y.  45  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

SACONDAGO,  r.  of  N.  Y.  rises  in  Hamil 
ton,  flows  SE.  into  the  NE.  corner  of  Mont, 
gomery,  reaches  the  boundary  between  Mont 
gomery  and  Saratoga,  turns  abruptly  NE.  and 
crossing  Saratoga  co.  falls  into  the  Hudson  at 
Jessup's  falls,  after  a  course  of  about  50  m. 

SACONDAGO,  mountains  of  N.  Y.  in  Ham* 
ilton  co.  from  which  flow  the  Saeondago,  Hud 
son,  Black,  and  Grass  rivers. 

SADDLEBACK,  mt.  in  Williamstown  and 
Adams,  Mass.  The  peaks  of  this  mountain 
are  in  Adams ;  the  northern  one  being  about 
2,400  feet  above  the  valley,  and  the  southern,  or 
the  summit  of  the  saddle,  about  3,000  feet  above 
the  valley,  and  nearly  4,000  above  the  sea.  It 
is  the  highest  land  in  Massachusetts. 

SADDLE  RIVER,  t.  Bergen  co,  K  J.  Pop. 
2,174. 

SAGADAHOC,  r.  Me.  which  joins  the  An- 
droscoggin,  in  Rumford. 

SAGANAUM  BAY,  bay  of  La&e  Huron, 
situated  about  the  centre  of  the  NW.  side. 
Length  20  m. 

SAGANAUM  RIVERT  r  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Saganaum  Bay.  Lon.  83°  35' 
W.;  lat.  44°  N.  Length  30  m. 

SAGATUK,  r.  Ct.  which  runs  into  Long 
Island  Sound,  between  Fairfield  and  Norwalk, 
forming  a  bay  at  its  mouth. 

SAG  HARBOR,  v.  and  port  of  entry,  in 
Southampton,  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on  E.  end  of 
Long  Island,  and  on  the  Atlantic,  100  m.  E. 
from  New  York,  and  340  from  W.  This  vil 
lage  contains  about  100  houses,  and  a  printing- 
office.  There  is  some  shipping  owned  here, 
employed  chiefly  in  the  whale  and  cod  fisheries. 
It  has  a  good  harbor. 

SAGUENAI,  large  branch  of  St.  Lawrence 
river,  rising  in  the  recesses  of  Labrador,  and 
falling  into  St.  Lawrence,  about  120  m.  below 
Quebec.  The  Saguenai,  according  to  Bou- 
chette,  is  a  very  considerable  river,  affording  a 
good  harbor  for  every  kind  of  shipping,  at  its 
mouth. 

ST,  ALBAN'S,  t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co.  Vt 


394 


SAI— SAT 


on  Lane  Champlain,  27  m.  N  from  Burling 
ton,  70  NW.  from  Montpelier.  Lon.  73°  11' 
W. ;  lat.  44°  49'  N.  Pop.  2,395.  Here  is  a 
pleasant  village,  which  contains  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  an  academy,  and  has  considerable  trade. 

ST.  ALBAN'S,  t.  Licking  co.Ohio.  Pop.  935. 

ST.  ALBAN'S,  t.  Claiborne  co.  Mis. 

ST.  ALBAN'S,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  30  m. 
ENE.  from  Norridgewock.  Pop.  911. 

ST.  ANDREW,  parish,  Charleston  district, 
S.  C.  It  is  watered  by  the  river  Ashley,  and 
lies  just  above  Charleston.  Pop.  3,727.  " 

ST.  ANDREWS,  settlement,  Missouri,  25 
m.  SW.  from  St.  Louis. 

ST.  ANDREWS,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Char 
lotte  co.  New  Brunswick,  on  a  peninsula  form 
ed  by  the  confluence  of  the  St.  Croix  r.  with 
Passamaquoddy  Bay,  opposite  Robbinston,  Me. 
Pop.  about  1,500.  It  is  a  thriving  town,  and 
there  is  a  brisk  business  done  in  shipping. 

ST.  ANDREWS,  small  bay,  Florida,  which 
sets  up  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  approaches 
within  8  m.  of  St.  Rosa  Sound. 

ST.  ANN,  t.  Guadaloupe,  on  the  S.  coast. 
Lon.  61°  27'  W. ;  lat.  16°  21'  N. 

ST.  ANN,  or  Annimpig  Lake,  a  lake  of  Can 
ada.  It  empties  into  James  bay  through  Albany 
river.  Lon.  88°  15'  W. ;  lat.  49°  30'  N. 

ST.  ANN'S,  port  on  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Cape  Breton.  Lon.  60°  W. ;  lat.  47°  N. 

ST.  ANN'S,  t.  New  Brunswick,  on  St.  John's 
river,  3  m.  S.  from  Fredericktown.  Lon.  66° 
46' W.,  lat.  46°  2'  N. 

ST.  ANN'S  BAY,  bay  of  the  island  of  Ja 
maica.  Lon.  77°  3'  W. ;  lat.  18°  58'  N. 

ST.  ANN'S  BAY,  bay  of  Mexico,  in  the 
bay  of  Campeachy.  Lon.  94°  46'  W.;  lat. 
18C  10'  N. 

ST.  ANTONIO,  t.  Mexico,  cap.  of  Texas. 
Lon.  101°. 

ST.  AUGUSTINE,  seaport  of  Florida.  The 
harbor  is  good,  but  there  is  a  bar  at  its  mouth 
which  at  the  lowest  tides  will  not  admit  ves 
sels  drawing  more  than  6  feet  of  water ;  there 
is  however  a  roadstead  outside  of  the  bar  which 
affords  anchorage  for  larger  vessels.  The 
town  and  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  are  wel 
defended  by  a  strong  fort,  built  entirely  of 
hewn  stone,  and  mounting  60  cannon.  In  the 
rear  of  the  city  are  erected  six  redoubts.  Lat 
29°45'N.;  Ion.  81°  30' W. 

ST.  AUGUSTINE'S  RIVER,  r.  Labrador 
which  runs  into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence 
Lon.  59°  59'  W. ;  lat.  51°  35'  N. 

ST.  BERNARDO,  a  settlement  of  Louisi 
ana,  15  m.  SE.  from  New  Orleans,  and  W.  of 
Lake  Borgne. 

ST.  BERNARD'S  BAY,  bay  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  on  the  coast  of  Texas.  Lon.  96° 
50'  W. ;  lat.  28°  30'  N. 

ST.  CATHERINE'S  FORK,  r.  Mississippi 
which  runs  into  the  Mississippi  river.  Lat. 
31°  36'  N. 

ST.  CATHERINE'S  SOUND,  bay  of  the 
Atlantic,  on  the  coast  of  Georgia,  between  the 
islands  of  St.  Catherine  and  Ossabaw*  Lat 
31°  38'  N. 

ST.  CHARLES,  co.  Miso.  bounded  by  the 
Mississippi  and  Cuivre  rivers  N.  and  NE»  Mis 


souri  river  SE.  and  Montgomery  co.  W.  It 
occupies  the  peninsula  between  the  Mississippi 
and  Missouri,  above  their  junction,  being  about 
35  m.  long,  with  a  mean  width  of  12  m.  Pop. 
n  1820,  3,970 ;  in  1830,  4,322.  Chief  town, 
St  Charles. 

ST.  CHARLES,  t.  and  cap.  St.  Charles  co. 
Miso.  on  the  Missouri  river,  21  m.  from  its 
mouth,  18  NW.  from  St.  Louis  by  land,  and 
1,001  from  W.  It  is  a  handsome  and  flour 
ishing  village. 

ST.  CHARLES,  parish  of  La.  bounded  by 
St.  John  Baptist  W.  by  Lake  Mauripas,  Pass 
of  Manchac,  and  Lake  Ponchartrain  N.  parish 
of  St.  Bernard  E.  Length  30  m.  mean  width 
10.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,862 ;  in  1830,  5,107. 

ST.  CHARLES,  parish,  on  the  Mississippi 
river,  about  50  m.  above  New  Orleans. 

ST.  CHARLES,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into 
the  St.  Lawrence,  a  little  below  Quebec. 

ST.  CLAIR,  lake,  N.  America,  about  90  m. 
m  circumference,  between  Lake  Huron  and 
Lake  Erie,  with  both  of  which  it  communi 
cates.  Lon.  82°  25'  W. ;  lat.  42°  52'  N. 

ST.  CLAIR,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  S. 
from  Lake  Huron  to  Lake  St.  Clair.  It  is  40 
m.  long,  and  nearly  1  m.  wide. 

ST.  CLAIR,  co.  II.  bounded  by  Mississippi 
river  NW.  Madison  N.  Washington  E.  Ran 
dolph  SE.  and  Monroe  SW.  Length  30,  width 

24  m.    Chief  town,  Belleville.    Pop.  in  1820, 
5,253;  in  1830,  7,092. 

ST.  CLAIR,  co.  Al.  bounded  by  Shelby  S 
Jefferson  SW.  Blount  N  W.  Cherokee  lands  N. 
and  Coosa  river  E.  It  is  about  35  m.  square. 
Surface  hilly  and  broken,  drained  by  the  Coosa 
and  Cahawba  rivers.  Chief  town,  Ashville. 
Pop.  in  1820,  4,166 ;  in  1830,  5,975. 

ST.  CLAIR,  t  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,814. 

ST.  CLAIR,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio.   Pop.  1,834. 

ST.  CLAIR'S  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs 
into  the  Great  Miami,  opposite  Hamilton. 

ST.  CLAIRSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Belmont 
co.  Ohio,  on  the  Wheeling,  7  m.  from  the  Ohio, 
10  W.  from  Wheeling,  70  E.  from  Zanesville, 
275  from  W.  It  is  pleasant  and  flourishing, 
containing  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  market- 
house,  a  bank,  2  printing-offices,  4  or  5  houses 
of  public  worship,  for  Presbyterians,  Friends, 
and  Methodists.  Pop.  789. 

ST.  CLAIRSVILLE,  v.  Chatauque  co. 
N.  Y. 

ST.  CLAIRSVILLE,  v.  St.  Clair  co.  Al.  on 
Canoe  creek  of  Coosa  river,  about  65  m.  SSE. 
from  Huntsville. 

ST.  CROIX,  r.  N.  America,  which  divides 
Maine  from  New  Brunswick,  and  flows  into 
Passamaquoddy  bay.  It  is  navigable  for  ships 

25  miles. 

ST.  CROIX,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  90  m.  below  St.  Anthony's 
Falls.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  about  100  m. 

ST.  FERDINAND,  t.  St.  Louis  district, 
Miso.  14  m.  NW.  from  St.  Louis. 

ST.  FRANCIS,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs 
into  the  Mississippi,  107  m.  above  the  Arkan 
sas,  in  lat.  31°  45'  N.  It  is  navigable  upwards 
of  200  m. 


SAI—SAI 


J195 


ST.  FRANCIS,  r.  of  L.  C.  and  Vt.  rises  in 
the  latter,  in  Orleans  and  Essex  cos.  Its  main 
sources  are  the  confluents  of  lake  Memphre- 
magog  and  lake  St.  Francis ;  the  latter  in  the 
recesses  of  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  Below  the 
junction  of  its  two  great  branches,  the  united 
stream  flows  NNW.  into  St.  Lawrence  river, 
at  the  head  of  Lake  St.  Peter, 

ST.  FRANCISVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  New 
Feliciana  parish,  Louisiana,  on  E.  bank  of  the 
Mississippi,  about  30  m.  above  Baton  Rouge, 
and  1,205  from  W. 

ST.  GENEVIEVE,  co  Miso.  bounded  by 
the  Mississippi  NE.  cape  Girardeau  co.  S. 
Washington  SW.  and  Jefferson  NW.  Length 
60,  mean  width  18  m.  Its  extreme  western 
parts  embrace  a  portion  of  the  mine  tract. 
Chief  town,  St.  Genevieve.  Pop.  2,182. 

ST.  GENEVIEVE,  t.  and  cap.  St  Gene 
vieve  district,  Miso.  nearly  opposite  Kaskaskia, 
1  m.  W.  of  the  Mississippi,  64  below  St.  Louis, 
and  874  from  W.  Pop.  2,000.  This  town  was 
formerly  built  on  the  river  bank,  and  is  said 
to  have  contained  once  7,000  inhabitants.  The 
ground  on  which  it  stands  is  somewhat  higher 
than  the  river  bottom,  and  it  begins  to  extend 
itself  back  upon  ground  considerably  more 
elevated. 

ST.  GEORGE,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  10  in. 
SE.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  135. 

ST.  GEORGE,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  38  m. 
ESE.  from  Wiscasset,  200  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,652. 

ST.  GEORGE,  r.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  which 
flows  into  the  sea  between  the  towns  of  St. 
George  and  Gushing.  It  is  navigable  to  Thom- 
astown,  which  lies  on  N.  side  of  the  town  of 
St.  George. 

ST.  GEORGE,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into  the 
Potomac,  NW.  of  St.  George's  island. 

ST.  GEORGE'S,  t.  Newcastle  co.  Del. 

ST.  GEORGE'S,  parish,  Colleton  district, 
S.  C. 

'ST. GEORGE'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Potomac.  Lat.  18°  13'  N. 

ST.  GEORGE'S  ISLAND,  some  small  isl 
ands  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  coast  of  Maine. 
Lat.  43°  50'  N. 

ST.  HELENA,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  S.  C.  in 
a  bay  called  St.  Helena's  Sound.  Lat.  32°  25' 
N.  It  is  13  m.  long,  and  3  broad.  The  soil 
is  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of  cotton,  which 
is  largely  cultivated. 

ST.  HELENA,  t.  St.  Helena  parish,  La. 

ST.  HELENA,  parish,  Beaufort  district, 
S.  C.  containing  the  islands  of  Port  Royal,  St. 
Helena,  Hunting,  Ladies,  Paris,  &c.  Pop. 
8,799. 

ST.  HELENA,  parish  of  La.  bounded  by 
lakes  Ponchartrain  and  Maurepas,  and  Amite 
river  S.  East  Baton  Rouge  and  New  Feliciana 
W.  state  of  Mississippi  N.  and  Washington 
and  St.  Tamany  E.  Length  46,  mean  width 
28  m.  Chief  town,  St.  Helena.  Pop.  4,027. 

ST.  HELENA  SOUND,  bay  on  the  coast 
of  S.  C.  Lon.  80°  30'  W. ;  lat.  32°  3'  N. 

ST.  HELENS,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Georgia, 
S  of  the  entrance  of  Ogeechee  river. 

ST.  ILLA,  Great,  r.  of  Georgia,  rises  in 


Tatnall,  Telfair,  and  Irwin  cos.  by  a  number 
of  branches  which  enter  Appling. 

ST.  INIGOE'S,  v.  St.  Mary's  co.  Md. 

ST.  JAMES,  parish,  Charleston  district, 
S.  C.  on  S.  side  of  the  Santee,  40  m.  NNE, 
from  Charleston.  Pop.  3,743. 

ST.  JOHN'S,  lake  of  La.  in  Concordia, 
once  a  bend  of  the  Mississippi. 

ST.  JOHN  BAPTISTE,  parish,  La.  on 
both  sides  of  the  Mississippi  river,  above  St. 
Charles,  and  between  St.  James.  Area  about 
150  sq.  ms.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,854 ;  in  1830, 
5,700.  Chief  town,  Bonnet  Carre. 

ST.  JOHN,  or  Prince  Edward's  Island,  isl. 
in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  to  the  W.  of  the 
island  of  Cape  Breton,  and  N.  of  Nova  Scotia, 
about  100  m.  long,  and  30  in  its  mean  breadth. 
Charlotte's  Town  is  the  capital.  Lon.  63°  W. ; 
lat.  46°  20'  N.  Pop.  6,000. 

ST.  JOHN,  t.  and  fort,  Canada,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  river  Chamblee,  20  m,  SE.  from 
Montreal.  Lat.  45°  19'  N.  The  British  naval 
force  on  Lake  Champlain  had  its  principal  sta 
tion  here  during  the  late  war. 

ST.  JOHN'S,  the  capital  of  Newfoundland, 
is  on  the  SE.  coast  of  the  isl.  It  contains  about 
13,000  inhabitants.  In  Feb.  1816,  a  dreadful 
fire  destroyed  117  houses.  In  Nov.  1817,  two 
still  more  dreadful  conflagrations  iaid  waste 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  town.  Not  less  than 
half  a  million  sterling  of  property  was  de 
stroyed  in  a  few  hours.  Lat.  47°  35'  N. 

ST.  JOHN'S,  r.  the  principal  river  of  East 
Florida.  Its  sources  have  not  been  exactly 
ascertained,  but  it  is  supposed  to  issue  from 
Lake  Mayaco,  between  lat  26°  and  27°  N.  It 
runs  N.  parallel  with  the  Atlantic  coast,  ex 
panding  into  several  lakes,  particularly  Lake 
George,  which  is  20  miles  long  and  15  wide, 
and  embosoms  several  islands.  Within  20  m. 
of  its  mouth  the  river  turns  to  the  E.  and  falls 
into  the  Atlantic,  near  lat.  30°  N.  36  m.  S.  St. 
Mary's.  Its  whole  length  is  about  300  m.  and 
it  is  navigable  for  vessels  which  can  pass  the 
bar  at  its  mouth,  for  150  m.  to  Lake  George. 
The  bar  has  10  feet  of  water  at  low  tide,  and 
13  feet  at  high  water,  and  there  is  good  an 
chorage  outside  of  the  bar  for  large  vessels. 

ST.  JOHN'S,  r.  Miso.  which  flows  into  the 
S.  side  of  the  Missouri,  E.  of  Gasconade  river. 

ST.  JOHN'S,  r.  N.  America,  which  rises 
from  several  sources  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
state  of  Maine,  flows  through  New  Brunswick, 
and  empties  itself  into  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  It 
is  350  miles  long,  and  navigable  for  sloops  60 
miles,  and  for  boats  200. 

ST.  JOHNSBURY,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt  7  M, 
NE.  from  Danville,  35  NE.  from  Montpelier 
Pop.  1,592,  Here  is  a  pleasant  village,  situ, 
ated  on  the  Pasumsuc,  containing  valuable 
mills,  together  with  some  manufactories,  and 
trade. 

ST.  JOSEF,  t.  Cuba,  125  m.  WSW  from 
Havana, 

ST.  JOSEF,  t.  New  Mexico,  on  the  Bravo, 
27  m.  NW.  from  Santa  Fe. 

ST.  JOSEPH,  t.  Florida,  in  a  bay  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  to  which  it  gives  name.  Lon. 
85°34'W.;  lat.  29°  48' N. 


396 


SAI— SAI 


ST.  JOSEPH'S,  small  bay,  Florida,  to  the 
W.  of  Apalachicola  Bay,  within  4  miles  of 
which  its  waters  approach. 

ST.  JOSEPH'S,  isL  U.  C.  in  the  straits  of 
St.  Mary's,  which  connect  Lake  Superior  with 
Lake  Huron.  It  is  about  75  miles  in  circum 
ference,  and  is  separated  by  a  channel  from 
Drummond's  Island  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
On  the  S.  point  of  the  island  is  the  site  of  a 
British  fort  destroyed  during  the  last  war,  and 
near  it  an  establishment  of  the  NW.  Fur 
Company. 

ST.  JOSEPH'S,  r.  In.  and  Michigan,  which 
runs  NW.  into  SE.  part  of  Lake  Michigan.  It 
is  upwards  of  200  miles  long,  and  navigable 
for  boats  nearly  its  whole  length.  Fort  St 
Joseph  is  built  upon  it,  170  m.  WSW.  from 
Detroit. 

ST.  JOSEPH'S  RIVER,  r.  In.  which  runs 
S.  and  unites  with  the  St.  Mary's,  at  Fori 
Wayne,  to  form  the  Maumee. 

ST.  JUAN  DE  BUENAVISTA,  t.  Cuba 
on  the  N.  coast.  Lon.  77°  57'  W. ;  lat.  22° 
2'N. 

ST.  LANDRE,  or  Opelousas,  t.  La. 

ST.  LAWRENCE,  one  of  the  largest  rivers 
of  N.  America,  which  rises  near  the  sources 
of  the  Mississippi,  and  passing  through  the 
great  lakes  Superior,  Huron,  Erie,  and  Onta 
rio,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  by  a 
mouth  90  miles  wide.  That  part  of  it  only 
between  its  mouth  and  Montreal,  is  commonly 
called  St  Lawrence.  Between  Lake  Erie  and 
Lake  Ontario,  it  is  called  Niagara  river,  and 
the  pails  between  the  other  lakes  have  other 
names.  It  forms  a  communication  of  more 
than  2,000  miles  in  extent.  It  is  navigable  fb 
ships  of  the  line  400  miles  to  Quebec,  and  for 
ships  drawing  14  feet  water  to  Montreal,  580 
miles. 

ST.  LAWRENCE,  Gulf  of,  a  gulf  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  inclosed  be 
tween  Newfoundland,  Labrador,  Canada,  New 
Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  Island  of 
Cape  Breton.  It  is  350  miles  long,  and  150 
broad.  Lon.  57°  to  65°  W. ;  lat.  47°  51'  N. 

ST.  LAWRENCE,nerthernco.of  N.Y.  on 
St.  Lawrence  river ;  bounded  by  St.  Lawrence 
NW.  Franklin  co.  E.  Hamilton  and  Herkimer 
cos.  S.  and  Herkimer  Lewis,  and  Jefferson 
SW.  Length  60  m.  mean  width  44.  The  sur 
face  is  rather  uneven,  and  the  soil  generally 
very  good.  Clvlef  town,  Potsdam.  Pop.  in  1820, 
1€,037;  in  1830,  36,351. 

ST.  LEONARD'S,  t.  Calvert  co.  Md.  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  10  m. 
NW.  cf  Drumpoint,  12  NE.  of  the  town  of 
Benedict  on  the  Potomac,  and  58  from  W. 

ST.  LOUIS,  co.  Miso.  bounded  by  Missouri 
river  NW.  Mississippi  E.  Marameck  river  S. 
and  Franklin  co.  W.  Length  40  m.  mean 
width  15,  Pop.  in  1820, 10,049 ;  in  1830, 14,907. 
Chief  town,  St.  Louis. 

ST.  LOUIS,  t.  St.  Louis  co.  and  the  largest 
town  in  Missouri,  on  W.  bank  of  the  Missis 
sippi,  18  m.  by  water  below  the  junction  of  the 
Missouri,  14  above  that  of  the  Marameck,  and 
856  from  W.  Lon.  89°  36'  W. ;  lat.  38°  36'  N. 
The  situation  of  the  town  is  elevated,  pleasant, 


and  healthy.  The  ground  on  which  it  stands 
rises  gradually  from  the  first  to  the  second 
bank.  Three  streets  run  parallel  with  the  river, 
and  are  intersected  by  a  number  of  others  at 
right  angles.  The  town  extends  along  the 
river  about  2  miles.  Most  of  the  houses  that 
have  been  added  within  the  last  ten  years,  have 
been  of  brick  or  stone.  Some  of  the  public 
buildings  are  handsome.  There  are  two  re 
spectable  Protestant  churches.  The  Catholic 
cathedral  was  intended  to  be  a  magnificent 
structure ;  it  is  not  yet  completed.  A  spacious 
town-house  is  a  great  ornament  to  the  city. 
The  town  has  extended  itself  along  the  hill, 
and  some  of  the  best  houses  are  on  that  de 
lightful  elevation.  The  houses,  in  1820,  were 
reckoned  at  more  than  600.  By  the  census  of 
1830,  it  contained  2,503  free  males ;  1,889  free 
females;  1,668  slaves;  287  free  persons  of  color. 
Total,  6,694.  The  town  was  then  stationary, 
or  perhaps  retrograde.  .  But  since  that  time 
the  lead  business  has  been  reanimated  by  a 
protecting  duty  upon  foreign  lead.  The  fur 
trade  has  received  a  new  impulse.  The  town 
has  recovered  from  the  shock  caused  by  the 
failure  of  its  banks.  It  has  at  present  a  branch 
of  the  United  States  bank.  A  healthy  circu 
lation  has  been  restored,  and  the  town  is  now 
rapidly  increasing  in  business  and  population. 
In  the  year  1818, 100  houses  were  added  to 
the  place.  Three  or  four  gazettes  are  printed 
here.  The  passage  to  New  Orleans  is  1,200 
miles  by  the  river,  and  there  are  6  steam-boats 
constantly  plying  between  these  two  places. 
There  are  also  the  same  number  constantly 
running  between  this  place  and  Louisville,  be 
sides  others  to  different  places.  See  page  148. 

ST.  LOUIS,  r.  NW.  Territory,  which  flows 
into  W.  end  of  Lake  Superior,  Ion.  91°  52'  W.; 
lat.  46°  44'  N. 

ST.  LOUIS'  BAY,  bay  on  S.  coast  of  Miss, 
in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Lon.  89°  17'  W. ;  lat. 
30°  17'  N. 

ST.  MARKS,  r.  Florida,  rising  near  the 
mouth  of  St.  John's  river,  and  running  thence 
nearly  S.  and  parallel  to  the  sea-coast.  The 
course  of  this  little  but  curious  stream  is  about 
30  miles,  falling  into  the  bay  or  harbor  of  St. 
Augustine,  its  banks  mostly  swampy. 

ST.  MARTIN,  one  of  the  Leeward  Carib 
bean  Islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  lying  to  the 
NW.  of  St.  Bartholomew,  and  to  the  SW.  of 
Anguilla.  It  is  42  miles  in  circumference,  has 
neither  harbor  nor  river,  but  several  salt-pits. 
It  was  long  jointly  possessed  by  the  French 
and  Dutch ;  but  at  the  commencement  of  the 
late  war,  the  former  were  expelled  by  the  latter. 
Lon.  63°  W.;  lat.  8°  14' N. 

ST.  MARTIN'S,  parish  of  La.  in  Attakapas, 
bounded  by  Opelousas  NW.  and  W.  Gulf  of 
Mexico  SW.  St.  Mary's  parish  in  Attakapas 
SE.  and  the  Atchafalaya  river  NE.  and  E. 
Length  80  m.  breadth  40.  Pop.  7,204.  Chief 
town,  St  Martinsville.  This  parish  is,  through 
out  its  whole  extent,  an  unbroken  plain,  and 
the  soil  is  highly  fertile  in  cotton  and  sugar 
cane. 

ST.  MARTIN'S,  v.  Worcester  co.  Md. 

ST,  MARTINSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  St  Mar- 


SAI— SAL 


397 


tin'*  parish,  La.  on  the  Teche,  9  m.  by  land 
and  32  by  water  above  New  Iberia,  1,366  from 
W.  Lat.  30°  10'  N,  It  is  pleasantly  situated, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  market- 
house,  an  academy,  a  Roman  Catholic  church, 
and  about  100  dwelling-houses.  It  is  situated 
in  a  well-cultivated  and  productive  country. 

ST.  MARY'S,  co.  Md.  bounded  NE.  by  Cal- 
vert  co.  E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  SW.  by  the 
Potomac,  and  W.  by  Charles  co.  Chief  town, 
Leonardstown. 

ST.  MARY'S,  v  formerly  Fort  St.  Mary's, 
Mercer  co.  Ohio,  about  74  m.  NW.  by  W.  from 
Columbus,  and  120  N.  from  Cincinnati. 

ST.  MARY'S,  t.  and  s-p.  Camden  co.  Geo. 
at  the  mouth  of  St.  Mary's  river,  131  m.  SSW. 
from  Savannah.  Lon.  81°  43'  W.;  lat.  30° 
43'  N.  This  was  a  place  of  considerable  trade 
during  the  late  war,  but  has  since  considerably 
declined. 

ST.  MARY'S,  r.  which  rises  in  Ohio,  and 
runs  NNW.  and  unites  with  the  river  St.  Jo 
seph's  at  Fort  Wayne,  to  form  the  Maumee. 

ST.  MARY'S,  r.  which  divides  the  state  of 
Georgia  from  East  Florida,  and  runs  into  the 
sea,  Ion.  81°  40'  W. ;  lat.  30°  43'  N. 

ST.  MARY'S  FALLS,  cataract  in  St.  Ma 
ry's  river,  between  Lake  Superior  and  Lake 
Huron.  The  Falls  of  St.  Mary  do  not  descend 
perpendicularly,  as  those  of  Niagara  and  St. 
Anthony  do,  but  consist  of  a  rapid,  which  con 
tinues  near  £  of  a  mile,  over  which,  canoes, 
well  piloted,  may  pass. 

ST.  MARY'S  BAY,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Newfoundland.  Lon.  54°  20'  W. ;  lat.  57°  N. 

ST.  MARY'S  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small 
islands,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  near  the 
S.  coast  of  Labrador.  Lon.  60°  W. ;  lat.  50° 
20' N. 

ST.  MARY'S  KEYS,  rocks  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Newfoundland.  Lon.  53°  55'  W. ;  lat.  46° 
47' N. 

ST.  MARY'S  KEY,  id.  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  near  the  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  89° 
12'  W. ;  lat.  30°  11'  N. 

ST.  MARY'S  RIVER,  or  St.  Mary's  Straits, 
r.  America,  runs  from  Lake  Superior  to  Lake 
Huron.  On  this  river  are  2  forts.  Lon.  84° 
24'  W. ;  lat.  46°  22'  N.  It  isjiearly  70  miles 
long. 

ST.  MARY'S  RIVER,  r.  Nova  Scotia,  runs 
into  the  sea,  in  Ion.  61°  W. ;  lat.  45°  5'  N. 

ST.  MAURICE,  r.  L.  C.  flows  into  the  N. 
side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  by  three  channels, 
which  gave  name  to  the  town  of  Three  Rivers, 
on  its  west  bank. 

ST.  MAURICE,  co.  L.  C,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  St  Lawrence,  between  Warwick  and 
Hampshire  cos.  Chief  town,  Three  Rivers. 

ST.  MICHAEL'S,  v.  Madison  co.  Miso.  on 
a  branch  of  St.  Francis  river,  about  35  m.  SW. 
from  St.  Genovieve. 

ST.  MICHAEL'S,  v,  Talbot  co,  Md. 

ST.  MICHAEL'S,  v.  Washington  district, 
Missouri. 

ST.  PAUL'S,  parish,  Charleston  district, 
&  C.,  E.  of  the  Edisto,  18  m.  W.  from  Charles 
ton. 


ST.  PETER'S,  parish,  Beaufort  district, 
S.  C.  on  the  Savannah.  Pop.  3,834. 

ST.  PETER'S,  r.  N.  America,  which  rises 
a  considerable  way  to  the  NW.  and  after  a 
SE.  course  of  4  or  500  m.  joins  the  Missis 
sippi  about  12  m.  below  St.  Anthony's  Falls, 
lat.  44°  40'  N.  At  its  junction  with  the  Mis. 
sissippi  it  is  about  100  yards  broad.  It  has  a 
great  depth  of  water,  and  in  some  places  runs 
very  briskly.  About  50  m.  from  its  mouth  are 
some  rapids,  and  much  higher  up  are  many 
others. 

ST.  PHILIP'S,  F&rt,  strong  fortress  of  the 
island  of  Minorca,  which  defends  the  harbor  of 
Port  Mahon.  Lat.  39°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  48'  E. 

ST.  REGIS,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the 
St.  Lawrence,  at  the  town  of  St.  Regis,  in 
Canada.  Length  80  m. 

ST.  SALVADOR,  one  of  the  Bahama  Id- 
ands. 

ST.  STEPHEN'S,  parish,  S.  C.  in  Charles 
ton  district.  Pop.  2,416. 

ST.  TAMANY,  parish,  La.  bounded  by 
Pearl  river  E.  Lake  Borgne,  the  Rigolets,  and 
Lake  Ponchartrain  S.  the  river  St.  Helena  W. 
and  the  parish  of  Washington  N.  Length  50 
m.  mean  width  20.  Chief  town,  Covington. 
Pop.  in  1820, 1,723 ;  in  1830,  2,864. 

ST.  THOMAS,  parish,  Charleston  district, 
S  C1 

ST.  THOMAS,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands, 
in  the  West  Indies,  with  a  harbor,  a  town,  and 
a  fort,  15  m.  in  circumference,  and  belongs  to 
the  Danes.  Lon.  64°  51'  W. ;  lat.  18°  21'  N. 

ST.  THOMAS,  t.  Cuba,  30  m.  WSW.  from 
Havana. 

ST.  THOMAS,  id.  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
near  the  coast  of  Mexico.  Lat.  20°  10'  N. 

ST.  THOMAS,  t.  Mexico,  in  Vera  Paz,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Guanacos,  50  m.  E. 
from  Vera  Paz.  Lon.  90°  26'  W.;  lat.  15° 
46' N. 

ST.  VINCENT,  id.  in  the  West  Indies, 
about  40  m.  long  and  10  broad,  containing 
about  84,000  acres,  or  131  sq.  ms.  It  is  rug 
ged  and  mountainous.  Of  the  84,000  acres  in 
the  island,  about  47,000  are  cultivated.  Sugar 
is  the  principal  production. 

SAINTES,  three  of  the  Leeward  Caribbee 
Islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  between  Guada- 
loupe  and  Dominica. 

SALEM,  co.  S.  C.,  W.  of  Williamsburg. 

SALEM,  t.  Salem  co.  S.  C. 

SALEM,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio,  9  m. 
NNW.  from  New  Lisbon,  64  NW.  from  Pitts- 
burg,  Pop.  1,723. 

SALEM,  t.  Livingston  co.  Ken.     Pop  254. 

SALEM,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  at  S.  end  of  Lake 
Memphremagog,  60  m.  NNE.  from  Montpe- 
lier.  Pop.  258. 

SALEM,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  35  m. 
N.  from  Boston,  35  SW.  from  Portsmouth,  36 
SSE.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,310.  Here  is  a 
woollen  manufactory. 

SALEM,  s-p.  and  cap.  Essex  co.  Mass.  4£ 
m.  NW.  from  Marblehead,  14  NNE.  from  Bos 
ton,  24  S.  from  Newburyport.  Pop.  13,886. 
It  is  chiefly  built  on  a  neck  of  land  formed  by 


398 


SAL— SAL 


two  inlets  from  the  sea,  culled  North  and  South 
rivers  ;  over  the  former  of  which  is  a  bridge, 
upwards  of  1,500  feet  long-,  connecting  Salem 
with  Beverly,  and  the  latter  forms  the  harbor. 
The  harbor  has  good  anchorage,  but  the  water 
is  so  shallow,  that  vessels  drawing  more  than 
12  or  14  feet  must  be  lightened  at  a  distance 
from  the  wharves.  The  situation  of  Salem  is 
low,  but  pleasant  and  healthy.  It  is  well  built, 
and  with  regard  to  population,  wealth,  and 
commerce,  is  among  the  first  in  N.  England. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  alms-house, 
a  market-house,  6  banks,  an  Athenaeum  con 
taining  5,000  volumes,  a  valuable  Museum, 
belonging  to  the  East  India  Marine  Society, 
and  11  churches.  It  has  a  flourishing  com- 
merce,  and  it  was  one  of  the  first  towns  in  the 
U.  States  to  enter  into  the  East  India  trade. 
Though  the  town  is  not  very  regularly  laid 
out,  and  has  narrow  streets,  the  neat  and  com 
fortable  style  of  the  buildings  gives  it  a  very 
cheerful  aspect.  It  is  beautified  with  many 
splendid  private  mansions,  and  the  centre  of 
the  town  is  adorned  with  a  handsome,  inclosed 
common,  elegantly  planted  with  shade-trees. 
Salem  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  state,  except 
Plymouth.  The  shipping  belonging  to  this 
port  in  1828,  was  48,210  tons.  Lat.  42°  34' 
N. ;  Ion.  70°  54'  W. 

SALEM,  New,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  18  m. 
ESE.  from  Greenfield,  80  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,889.  Here  is  a  respectable  academy. 

SALEM,  t.  Washington  co.  N.Y.  18  m. 
SE.  from  Sandy  Hill,  29  S.from  Whitehall,  46 
NE.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,972.  The  courts 
for  the  county  are  held  alternately  here  and  at 
Sandy  Hill.  Here  is  a  handsome  village,  situ 
ated  on  an  extensive  plain,  containing  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  several  churches, 
and  two  or  three  printing-offices. 

SALEM,  North,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  53 
m.  NNE.  from  New  York.  Pop.  1,276.  Here 
is  an  academy. 

SALEM,  South,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  50 
m.  NNE.  from  New  York.  Pop.  1,557. 

SALEM,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  N.  by  Glouces 
ter  co.  E.  by  Cumberland  co.  SW.  and  W.  by 
the  Delaware.  Pop.  14,155.  Chief  town, 
Salem. 

SALEM,  t.  and  cap.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  on  Sa 
lem  creek,  3£  m.  from  Delaware  Bay,  37  SSW. 
from  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  a  market-house,  an  academy,  a  printing- 
office,  which  issues  a  weekly  paper,  and  4 
houses  of  public  worship,  for  Episcopalians, 
Baptists,  Friends,  and  Methodists.  Pop.  1,570. 
It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  a  place  of  some  trade. 

SALEM,  v.  Botctourt  co.  Va.  20  m.  SSW. 
from  Fincastle,  190  W.  by  S.  from  Richmond. 

SALEM,  t.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 

SALEM,  t.  Stokes  co.  N.  C.  watered  by  a 
small  branch  of  the  Yadkin,  34  m.  NE.  from 
Salisbury,  100  W.  from  Raleigh,  355  from  W. 
It  is  a  handsome  Moravian  town,  built  of 
brick,  and  chiefly  on  one  street,  about  a  mile 
and  a  half  long,  paved  and  planted  with  rows 
of  trees  on  each  side.  It  contains  a  church, 
and  has  manufactures  of  potters'  ware,  sad 
dlery,  gloves,  hosiery,  &c.  The  Moravian 


Academy  for  females,  at  this  place,  is  an  ex 
cellent  and  popular  institution.  Its  buildings 
are  4  in  number,  each  4  stories  high,  and  of 
brick.  It  is  located  on  a  handsome  square  in 
the  centre  of  the  town,  planted  with  trees,  and 
ornamented  with  fine  gravel-walks.  It  is  at 
tended  by  young  ladies  from  various  parts  of 
the  U.  States. 

SALEM,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,237. 

SALEM,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Muskingum.  Pop.  257. 

SALEM,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,960. 

SALEM,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  573. 

SALEM,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  in  the  NE 
corner  of  the  state.  Here  are  iron-works. 
Pop.  1,660. 

SALEM,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.    Pop.  974. 

SALEM,  t.  and  cap.  Washington  co.  In.  24 
m.  NW.  from  Jeffersonville,  34  N.  from  Cory- 
don,  613  from  W. 

SALEM,  v.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  in  Water- 
bury,  16  m.  NNW.  from  New  Haven.  It 
stands  on  the  E.  bank  of  Naugatuck,  or  Wa- 
terbury  river,  on  the  main  turnpike  road  from 
New  Haven  to  Litchfield.  A  fine  wooden 
bridge  here  crosses  the  Naugatuck. 

SALEM,  v.  Sumpter  district,  S.  C.  12  m.  E. 
from  Sumpter. 

SALEM,  v.  Baldwin  co.  Geo.  on  the  left 
bank  of  Oconee  river,  nearly  opposite  Mil- 
ledgeville. 

SALEM,  v.  Clarke  co.  Geo.  53  m.  N.  from 
Milledgeville. 

SALEM  CENTRE,  v.  in  the  eastern  part 
of  Westchester  co.  N.Y.  50  m.  NNE.  from 
the  city  of  New  York. 

SALEM  CREEK,  Salem  co.  N.  J.  rises  in 
the  centre  of  the  county,  and  flowing  nearly 
W.  passes  Salem,  and  falls  into  Delaware  Bay, 
3^  m.  below.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of 
50  tons  to  Salem. 

SALINA,  t.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  5J  m.  N. 
from  Onondaga,  36  SSE.  from  Oswego,  130 
W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  6,929.  Onondaga 
Lake,  and  the  principal  salt-springs  and  salt 
works  of  the  state,  are  in  this  town.  Salt  is 
made  here  by  solar  evaporation,  as  well  as  by 
boiling.  The  vats  erected  for  this  purpose 
cover  5  or  600  acres  of  ground.  The  salt 
made  by  this  process  is  coarse,  and  equal  in 
purity  to  any  in  the  world.  Quantity  of  salt 
inspected  in  1831,  1,514,037  bushels.  The 
neat  revenue  derived  from  salt-duties  by  the 
state,  from  1817  to  1831  inclusive,  is  about 
$1,400,000.  This  township  contains  a  village 
of  the  same  name,  and  three  others,  viz.  Liver 
pool,  Syracuse,  and  Geddes. 

SALINA,  t.  Randolph  co.  II. 

SALINE,  southern  t  of  Columbiana  co. 
Ohio,  so  called  on  account  of  salt-springs 
found  within  its  limits,  along  the  banks  of 
Yellow  creek.  Pop.  666. 

SALINE,  v.  Randolph  co.  II. 

SALINE,  r.  Arkansas,  rises  about  20  m. 
NE.  from  the  warm-springs  of  Ouachitta,  and 
flowing  nearly  S.  falls  into  Ouachitta  at  N.  lat. 
33°  40'. 

SALINE,  r.  Arkansas,  a  branch  of  the  Lit 
tle  river  of  the  North. 


SAL— SAM 


399 


SALINE,  r.  II.  flows  into  the  Ohio,  26  m. 
below  the  Wabash.  It  is  navigable  for  boats 
30  m.  The  U.  States  have  extensive  salt- 
works  on  this  river,  20  m.  from  its  mouth. 

SALINE,  r.  NW.  part  of  the  state  of  Lou 
isiana,  which  flows  S.  and  unites  with  Black 
Lake  river,  8  m.  NE.  from  Natchitoches. 
There  are  salt-works  on  this  river,  about  25 
m.  NNE.  from  Natchitoches. 

SALINE,  r.  Missouri,  which  runs  into  the 
Ouachitta,  lat.  33°  10'  N. 

SALINE,  or  Salt,  r.  La.  which  runs  into 
the  Missouri,  173  m.  W  of  the  Mississippi. 

SALINE,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Kansas. 

SALINE,  v.  at  the  U.  States'  Salt-Works, 
near  Saline  river,  Gallatin  co.  II.  about  12  m. 
above  its  mouth,  and  115  m.  SSW.  from  Van- 
dalia. 

SALINES,  v.  Miso.  on  W.  bank  of  the  Mis 
sissippi,  4  m.  below  St.  Genevieve.  It  is  noted 
for  salt-works. 

SALISBURY,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  44  m.  SW. 
Montpelier.  Pop.  907.  Here  is  a  manufac 
tory  of  glass. 

SALISBURY,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  II.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Merrimack  river,  14  m.  NNW. 
from  Concord,  38  SE.  from  Dartmouth  Col 
lege,  59  WNW.  from  Portsmouth,  77  NNW. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  1,379.  The  4th  N.  Hamp 
shire  turnpike  passes  through  this  town ;  and 
upon  this  road,  in  the  south  part  of  the  town, 
there  is  a  pleasant  village,  containing  a  Con 
gregational  meeting-house,  and  an  academy. 

SALISBURY,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Merrimack,  4  m.  NW.  from  New- 
buryport,  36  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  2,519. 
It  contains  2  parishes,  and  has  a  pleasant  and 
considerable  village,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Merrimack,  below  the  junction  of  Powow 
river.  Considerable  business  is  done  at  this 
village  at  ship-building,  and  it  has  some  trade 
in  the  fisheries. 

SALISBURY,  t  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  in  NW. 
corner  of  the  state,  24  m.  NW.  from  Litch 
field.  Pop.  2,580.  It  is  a  considerable  town 
and  contains  large  quantities  of  excellent  iron 
ore,  and  has  several  forges,  iron-works,  and  a 
paper-mill. 

SALISBURY,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
St.  Lawrence.  Pop.  1,999. 

SALISBURY,  v.  Blooming  Grove,  Orange 
co.  N.Y. 

SALISBURY,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Somer 
set  co.  Md.  between  the  two  principal  branch 
es  of  the  Wicomico,  15  m.  ESE.  from  Vienna. 
It  contains  an  Episcopal  church,  a  Methodist 
meeting-house,  and  about  100  houses,  and  has 
considerable  trade  in  lumber. 

SALISBURY,  t.  and  cap.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 
5  m.  SW.  of  the  Yadkin,  34  SW.  from  Salem, 
119  WNW.  from  Fayetteville.  Pop.  about 
800.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  and  a  church.  It  is  a  flourishing 
town,  and  situated  in  a  very  fertile  country. 
Near  this  town  there  has  been  discovered  un 
der  ground,  a  remarkable  wall  of  stone,  laid  in 
cement,  plastered  on  both  sides,  from  12  to  14 
feet  in  height,  and  22  inches  thick.  The 
length  of  what  has  been  discovered  is  about 


300  feet.  The  top  of  the  wall  approaches 
within  one  foot  of  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
When  built,  by  whom,  and  for  what  purpose, 
is  unknown.  A  similar  wall  has  since  been 
discovered,  about  6  m.  from  the  first,  from  4 
to  5  feet  high,  and  7  inches  thick. 

SALISBURY,  t.  Meigs  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  603. 
Through  this  town  runs  Leading  creek. 

SALISBURY,  t.  Wayne  co.  In.  4  or  5  m. 
E.  from  Centreville,  35  N.  from  Brookville. 

SALMON,  r.  Ct.  which  runs  into  the  river 
Connecticut,  in  East  Haddam. 

SALMON,  r.  N.Y.  flows  into  Lake  Ontario, 
4  m.  N.  from  Mexico  Point.  Length  60  or  70 
m.  There  is  on  this  river,  about  10  m.  from 
the  lake,  a  tremendous  cataract,  which  has  a 
descent  of  110  feet  perpendicular. 

SALMON  CREEK,  r.Cayuga  co.  N.Y.  runs 
into  S.  end  of  Lake  Cayuga  ;  19  m.  long. 

SALMON  CREEK,  r.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y. 
which  runs  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  7  m.  N. 
from  French  Mills. 

SALMON  CREEK,  stream  of  St.  Lawrence 
co.  flows  NNW.  about  70  m.  enters  L.  C.  at 
French  Mills,  and  falls  into  St.  Lawrence  river 
at  the  head  of  Lake  St.  Francis. 

SALMON  FALL,  local  name  of  that  part 
of  Piscataqua  river,  below  Berwick  falls. 

SALT  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  SE. 
into  the  Scioto,  about  15  m.  below  Chillicothe. 
Near  this  river  are  salt-springs,  from  which 
salt  is  manufactured  in  large  quantities.  The 
salt-works  are  about  80  m.  NW.  from  Gallipolis. 

SALT  CREEK,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio 
Pop.  1,190. 

SALT  CREEK,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
1,656. 

SALTILLO,  city  of  Mexico,  in  the  state  ot 
Coahuilla  y  Texas,  on  the  confines  of  Coahu 
ilia  and  New  Leon.  Pop.  6,500.  It  is  sur 
rounded  by  arid  plains,  upon  which  fresh  watei 
is  scarce ;  the  site  is  an  elevated  part  of  the 
great  table-land  of  Anahuac,  sloping  towards 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  the  Rio  Grande  del 
Norte.  Lat.  25°  20' N. 

SALTPETRE  CREEK,  r.  Mary  land,  which 
runs  into  Gunpowder  river,  12  m.  ENE.  from 
Baltimore. 

SALT  RIVER,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Missis- 
sippi,  60  m.  above  the  Illinois  r. 

SALT  RIVER,  r.  of  Miso.  entering  the 
Mississippi  from  the  NW.  about  100  m.  above 
St.  Louis. 

SALT  RIVER,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  NW. 
into  the  Ohio,  20  m.  below  the  Rapids.  It  i» 
navigable  for  boats  60  m. 

SALT  SPRING  RIVER,  r.  Indiana,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio. 

SALUDA,  r.  S.C.  which  runs  SE.  and  unites 
with  Broad  river  just  above  Columbia,  to  form 
the  Congaree. 

SALUTER,  r.  of  La.  in  Natchitoches  and 
Ouachitta.  The  source  of  this  stream  is  on 
the  line  between  La.  and  Arkansas,  and  it 
flows  into  Ouaehitta,  3  m.  below  the  mouth  of 
Barthelony  river. 

SAMPSON,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  New  Han 
over  SE.  Bladen  SW.  Cumberland  W.  Johnson 
N.  Wayne  NE.  and  Dauphin  E.  Length  35 


400 


SAM— SAN 


m.  mean  width  20.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,903 ;  in 
1830,  11,768.  It  is  drained  by  Black  river 
branch  of  Cape  Fear  river.  Clinton,  the  chief 
town,  is  about  55  m.  NNW.  from  Wilmington. 

SAMPTOWN,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  14  m. 
WSW.  from  Elizabethtown. 

SAN  ANTONIO,  city  of  Mexico,  in  the 
state  of  Oaxaca,  130  m.  SE.  from  the  city  of 
Mexico,  and  about  80  N.  from  that  of  Oaxaca. 

SAN  BLAS,  city  and  seaport  of  Mexico,  in 
the  former  Guadalaxara,  now  Jalisco,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Santiago. 

SANBORNTOWN,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.H.  25 
m.  NW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  2,866. 

SANDERSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Washington 
co.  Geo.  26  m.  E.  from  Milledgeville.  It  con 
tains  a  court-house  and  a  jail. 

SANDFORD,  t.  and  v.  York  co.  Me.  22  m. 
N.  from  York.  Pop.  2,327. 

SANDGATE,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  25  m. 
N.  from  Bennington.  Pop.  933. 

SANDISFIELD,  t  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  20 
m.  SE.  from  Lenox,  112  WSW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,655. 

SANDISTON,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
Delaware  river,  11  m.  NW.  from  Newton. 
Pop.  1,097. 

SANDOWN,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  29 
m.  WSW.  from  Portsmouth,  and  30  SE.  from 
Concord.  Pop.  553. 

SANDTOWN,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  13  m. 
SSE.  from  Philadelphia. 

SAN  DUSKY,  r.  Ohio,  runs  NE.  into  San- 
dusky  Bay,  at  the  town  of  Sandusky.  Length 
70  m.  This  river  is  navigable,  and  is  con 
nected  with  the  Great  Miami  by  a  portage  of 
9  m.  and  with  the  Scioto  by  one  of  4  m.  The 
river  has  rapids,  below  which  there  is  a  very 
valuable  fishery. 

SANDUSKY,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  Lake 
Erie,  E.  by  Huron  co.  S.  by  Seneca,  and  W. 
by  Wood  co.  It  is  30  m.  long,  and  25  broad. 
Pop.  in  1820,  852 ;  in  1830,  2,851.  It  contains 
Lower  Sandusky. 

SANDUSKY,  one  of  the  western  towns  of 
Richland  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  588. 

SANDUSKY,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  on  the  S. 
shore  of  Sandusky  Bay,  3  m.  from  its  entrance, 
25  NE.  from  Fort  Stephenson,  about  100  m.  N. 
from  Columbus,  250  W.  from  Buffalo.  Pop. 
593.  It  is  handsomely  laid  out  on  a  beautiful 
site,  and  a  steam-boat  wharf  has  been  erected. 

SANDUSKY,  Lower,  t.  and  cap.  of  Sandus 
ky  co.  Ohio,  on  the  river  Sandusky,  a  few  miles 
from  its  mouth,  115  N.  from  Columbus. 

SANDUSKY,  Upper,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio, 
on  Sandusky  r.  40  m.  S.  from  Lower  Sandusky. 

SANDUSKY  BAY,  bay,  Ohio,  on  S  W.  part 
of  Lake  Erie,  20  m.  long,  and  24  broad. 

SANDWICH,  t.  and  cap.  of  Essex  co.  U.C. 
on  Detroit  river,  2  m.  below  Detroit.  It  is  a 
considerable  village,  built  chiefly  on  a  single 
long  street 

SANDWICH,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.,  N.  of 
Squam  Lake,  50  m.  N.  from  Concord,  and  72 
NNW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  2,743.  In  the 
N.  part  of  this  town,  there  is  a  mountain  near 
3,000  feet  high. 

SANDWICH,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass,  on 


Barnstable  Bay,  12  m.  NNW.  from  Barnstable 
54  SSE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  3,367.  Here  is 
an  academy.  Sandwick  river  runs  through 
the  town  into  Barnstable  Bay. 

SANDY,  a  N.  t.  of  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  765. 

SANDY,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  909. 

SANDY  BAY,  or  Cove,  bay,  on  the  coast 
of  Mass.  N.  of  Cape  Ann.  Lon.  70°  38'  W. ; 
lat  42°  41'  N. 

SANDY  CREEK,  r.  S.C.  runs  into  the  Con- 
garee.  Lon.  81°  40'  W.;  lat.  34°  37'  N. 

SANDY  FORK,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 
273  m.  from  W. 

SANDY  HILL,  v.  in  Kingsbury,  N.  Y.  on 
E.  side  of  the  Hudson,  50  m.  N.  from  Albany.  It 
is  delightfully  situated,  just  above  Baker's  Falls, 
and  is  a  regularly  laid  out,  well  built,  and  very 
flourishing  village.  It  contains  a  woollen  and 
a  cotton  factory,  several  iron  works,  and  also  a 
manufactory  of  cotton  bagging  from  hemp. 
This  village,  with  the  township,  contains  2,606 
inhabitants. 

SANDY  HOOK,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  of 
N.  J.  in  the  township  of  Middleton,  7  m.  S. 
from  Long  Island,  25  S.  from  New  York.  It 
was  formerly  a  peninsula.  Sandy  Hook,  or 
Point,  forms  a  capacious  harbor.  Here  is  a 
light-house,  on  the  N.  point  of  the  Hook,  in 
Ion.  72°  2'  W. ;  lat.  40°  26'  N. 

SANDY  HOOK,  v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 

SANDY  INLET,  channel,  between  two 
small  islands  near  the  coast  of  N.  C.  Lon.  77° 
50' W.;  lat.  34°  1 9' N. 

SANDY  LAKE,  lake  of  the  NW.  territory 
of  the  U.  S.  forming  one  of  the  links  in  the 
chain  of  intercommunication  between  Lake 
Superior  and  Mississippi  river. 

SANDY  LAKE  RIVER,  r.  of  the  NW. 
territory  of  the  U.  S.  flows  from  Sandy  Lake, 
and  enters  Mississippi  river  at  lat.  47°  N.  At 
its  outlet  from  Sandy  Lake,  the  U.  S*  SW. 
Company  have  an  establishment. 

SANDY  LICK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the  Alle- 
ghany,  about  15  m.  below  Toby's  Creek. 

SANDY  MOUNT,  v.  Greenville  t.  Va.  77 
m.  S.  from  Richmond. 

SANDY  POINT,  cape,  on  N.  point  of  Nan- 
tucket  island.  Lon.  69°  W. ;  lat.  41°  22'  N. 

SANDY  RIVER,  Big,  rises  in  the  Laurel 
Mountains,  and  forms  a  part  of  the  boundary 
between  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  and  runs 
NNW.  into  the  Ohio,  40  m.  above  the  Scioto. 

SANDY  RIVER,  Little,  Ken.  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  20  m.  below  Big  Sandy. 

SANDY  RIVER,  r.  Me.  runs  into  the  Ken 
nebeck,  6  m.  above  Norridgewock. 

SANDY  SPRING,  v.  Montgomery  co  Md. 

SANDY  SPRING,  v.  Adams  co.  Ohio,  110 
m.  SSW.  from  Columbus. 

SANDYTOWN,  p.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  85  m. 
N.  from  Trenton. 

SANDYVILLE,  v.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio, 
136  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

SANGAMOIN,  r.  II.  unites  with  the  Illi 
nois.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  150  m. 

SANGAMOIN,  co.Il.  on  Sangamoin  r.bound- 
ed  S.  by  Montgomery  and  Morgan,  and  W.  by 
Fulton.  Chief  town,  Springfield.  Pop.  12,960, 


SAN— SAV 


401 


SANGERFIELD,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  15 
m.  S.  by  W.  from  Utica.  It  is  a  considerable 
town,  and  contains  a  printing-office,  from  which 
is  issued  a  weekly  newspaper. 

SANGERVILLE,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  38 
m.  NW.  from  Bangor.  Pop.  776. 

SANTA  CRUZ,  one  of  the  Caribbee  islands. 
Lon.  64°  35'  W. ;  lat.  17°  45'  N. 

SANTA  FE,  capital  of  New  Mexico,  in  N. 
America,  seated  among  mountains,  near  the 
Rio  del  Norte,  950  m.  N.  of  Mexico.  Lon. 
106°  35'  W. ;  lat.  35°  32'  N. 

SANTEE,  r.  S.  C.  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  Congaree  and  Wateree.  It  runs  into  the 
sea  by  two  mouths,  N.  and  S.  from  Santee,  20 
in.  below  Georgetown.  Lat.  33°  12'  N.  This 
river  affords  a  navigation  at  some  seasons 
nearly  300  miles,  as  high  up  as  Morgantown, 
N.  C.  It  is  connected  with  Cooper  river  by  a 
canal.  The  main  branch  in  North  Carolina  is 
called  Catawba. 

SANTIAGO,  r.  of  Mexico,  rising  about  23 
m.  N  W.  from  the  city  of  Mexico,  on  the  table 
land  of  Anahuac,  flows  through  the  intenden- 
cies  of  Mexico,  Guanaxuato,  Guadalaxara,  and 
Valladolid,  and  after  an  entire  course  of  about  370 
m.  falls  into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  city  of 
San  Bias.  Santiago  is  by  far  the  largest  stream 
of  Mexico :  it  is  navigable  for  some  distance 
from  its  mouth,  but  the  adjacent  country  is 
thickly  wooded,  uncultivated,  and  unhealthy. 

SARA,  creek,  La.  in  New  Feliciana,  rises 
in  the  state  of  Mississippi,  near  Woodville,  and 
flowing  S.  crosses  lat.  31°  N.  and  falls  into  the 
Mississippi  at  St.  Francisville,  after  an  entire 
course  of  25  m. 

SARANAC,  r.  N.  Y.  after  a  NE.  course  of 
65  miles,  flows  into  Lake  Champlain,  at  Platts- 
burg. 

SARATOGA,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  War 
ren  co.  E.  by  the  Hudson,  which  separates  it 
from  Washington  and  Rensselaer  cos.  S.  by 
Albany  co.  SW.  by  Schenectady  co.  and  W. 
by  Hamilton  and  Montgomery  cos.  Pop. 
36,616.  Chief  town,  Ballston. 

SARATOGA,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  W. 
side  of  the  Hudson,  12  m.  NE.  from  Ballston, 
31  N.  from  Albany,  360  from  W.  Pop.  2,204. 
This  town  gives  name  to  several  celebrated 
mineral  springs,  which  are  spread  over  a  tract 
of  country  about  12  m.  in  extent,  in  Saratoga 
county,  and  are  known  by  different  local  names. 
The  most  noted  are  those  of  Saratoga  and 
Ballston,  which  are  the  most  celebrated  mine 
ral  waters  in  the  United  States.  They  are 
strongly  impregnated  with  carbonic  acid,  and 
contain  also  carbonate  of  soda,  muriate  of  soda, 
super-carbonated  lime,  and  a  carbonate  of  iron. 
These  springs  have  long  been  a  favorite  resort 
during  the  summer  months,  not  only  for  in 
valids,  but  for  people  of  gaiety  and  fashion, 
who  flock  thither  by  thousands  from  every 
quarter  of  the  Union.  Here  is  a  flourishing 
village,  with  a  post-office,  church,  and  a  great 
number  of  excellent  boarding-houses.  Sara 
toga  is  memorable  as  the  place  where  general 
Burgoyne  surrendered  the  British  army  to 
general  Gates,  Oct.  17th,  1777. 

SASKACHAWAINE,  great  river  of  North 
3  A 


America,  is  formed  by  two  large  branches, 
both  rising  in  the  Chippewan  mountains,  and 
flowing  generally  to  the  E.  After  a  course  of 
600  m.  they  unite  and  flow  200  m.  into  th« 
NW.  bay  of  lake  Winnipeg.  The  Severn, 
flowing  from  the  eastern  side  of  lake  Winni 
peg,  is  the  continuation  of  the  Saskatchawaine 
and  Assiniboine  rivers. 

SASSAFRAS,  r.  of  Md.  rises  on  the  con- 
fines  of  Del.  and  flowing  W.  between  Kent 
and  Cecil  cos.  falls  into  Chesapeake  bay  11  m. 
S.  from  the  mouth  of  the  Susquehannah. 

SASSAFRAS,  v.  Kent  co.  Md.  near  the 
head  of  the  Sassafras,  17  m.  S.  from  Elkton. 

SATAUKET,  v.  in  the  township  of  Brook- 
haven,  on  N.  side  of  Long-  Island,  65  in.  E. 
from  New  York.  It  contains  an  elegant  Pres 
byterian,  and  an  Episcopal  church.  It  is  pleas 
ant  and  healthy,  and  is  the  principal  harbor 
for  wood-vessels  on  N.  side  of  the  island. 

SATILLA,  Great,  r.  Georgia,  runs  ESE. 
into  the  sea,  N.  of  Cumberland  island. 

SATILLA,  Little,  r.  Georgia,  runs  into  the 
sea,  N.  of  the  Great  Satilla. 

SAUGATUCK,  v.  Fairfield  co.  Ct  on  the 
Saugatuck,  3  m.  NE.  from  Norwalk. 

SAUGERTIES,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  13  m.  N.  from  Kings 
ton,  52  S.  from  Albany. 

SAUGUS,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  2 J  m.  W.  from 
Lynn,  8  SW.  from  Salem.  Pop.  3,750. 

SAUQUOIT,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 

SAVAGE  MOUNTAINS,  mts.  in  Pennsyl 
vania,  110  m.  NW.  from  Philadelphia. 

SAVAGE  RIVER,  r.  Maryland,  runs  into 
the  Potomac. 

SAVANNAH,  r.  U.  S.  which  is  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  Tugeloo  and  Keowee.  It 
separates  S.  Carolina  from  Georgia,  and  runs 
SE.  into  the  Atlantic.  It  is  navigable  for  large 
vessels  to  the  town  of  Savannah  17m.  and  for 
boats  of  100  feet  keel  to  Augusta,  which,  by 
the  course  of  the  river,  is  340  m.  above  Savan 
nah.  Just  above  Augusta  there  are  falls;  be 
yond  these  the  river  is  navigable  for  boats  to 
the  junction  of  the  Tugeloo  and  Keowee. 

SAVANNAH,  city  and  port  of  entry,  Chat 
ham  co.  Geo.  on  SW.  bank  of  the  Savannah  r, 
17  m.  from  its  mouth,  118  SW.  from  Charles 
ton,  123  SE.  from  Augusta,  160  ESE.  from 
Milledgeville.  Lon.  81°  10'  W. ;  lat.  32°  8'  N 
Pop.  7,303.  Its  position  is  a  low  sandy  plain. 
It  was  formerly  built  of  wood,  and  insalubri 
ous  from  its  marshy  surface  and  contiguity  to 
rice  swamps.  It  has  suffered  severely  from 
fires,  but  the  parts  destroyed  have  been  hand 
somely  rebuilt.  The  rice  swamps  in  the  im 
mediate  vicinity  are  no  longer  inundated,  and 
the  health  of  the  city  is  since  much  improved. 
It  contains  12  public  buildings,  among  which  in 
the  United  States  branch  bank,  and  8  churches. 
The  Presbyterian  church  is  an  elegant  and 
spacious  edifice  of  stone.  The  Exchange  is 
a  large  building,  5  stories  high.  The  Academy 
is  partly  of  brick  and  partly  of  stone,  180  feet 
front,  60  feet  wide,  and  3  stories  high.  There 
are  10  public  squares  planted  with  trees,  a,rnong 
which  the  beautiful  China  trees  are  ^Lspicu- 
ous,  It  it  a  place  of  very  great  trad?,  and  has 


402 


SAV— SCH 


SAVANNAH,  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


exported  over  120,000  bales  of  cotton,  besides 
large  amounts  of  rice  and  tobacco,  in  a  year. 
It  is  defended  by  2  forts,  and  the  entrance  to 


the  river  indicated  by  a  light-house  on  Tybco 
Island.  In  1820, 463  buildings  were  destroyed 
by  fire,  valued  at  $4,000,000, 


BRANCH  BANK  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  AT  SAVANNAH. 


SAVANNAH,  name  of  two  small  rivers  of 
the  NW.  Territory,  one  a  head  branch  of  the 
St.  Louis,  and  the  other  of  Sandy  Lake  rivers. 
The  two  Savannah  rivers  approach  so  near 
each  other,  as  to  leave  onjy  a  short  portage 
between  them. 

SAVINTON,  v.Cecil  co,  Md.  lianufrom 
W. 

SAVOY,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  25  ra.  NE. 
from  Lenox,  120  W.  from  Boston. 

SAWMILL  CREEK,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the 
Potomac. 

SAW  PITT,  v.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 

SAYBROOK,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  on  W. 
side  of  the  Connecticut,  near  its  mouth,  oppo 
site  Lyme,  17m.  W.  from  New  London,  35  E. 
from  New  Haven.  Pop.  4,980.  It  contains  4 
parishes,  in  each  of  which  is  a  Congregational 
meeting-house ;  and  there  are  in  the  township 
4  other  houses  of  public  worship,  2  for  Baptists, 
I  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Methodists.  This 
is  a  place  of  considerable  importance  for  its 


manufactures  of  cennbs^  Thsre  is  also  a  man 
ufactory  of  augers  and  gimlets. 

SC ANTIC,  r.  Ct.  runs  into  the  Connecticut, 
in  East  Windsor. 

SCHAGHTICOKE,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.Y. 
on  E.  side  of  the  Hudson,  17  m.  N.  from  Al 
bany.  Pop.  3,002. 

SCHAGHTICOKE  POINT,  v.  in  Schaghti- 
coke,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hoosac,  20  m.  N  of 
Albany. 

SCHELLSBURG,  v.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

SCHENECTADY,  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Mo 
hawk,  bounded  NW.  by  Montgomery  co.  NE. 
by  Saratoga  co.  S.  by  Albany  co.  and  SW.  by 
Schoharie  co.  Pop.  12,334.  Chief  town,  Sche 
nectady. 

SCHENECTADY,  city  and  cap.  Schenec 
tady  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Mohawk,  15  m.  N  W. 
from  Albany,  391  from  W.  Pop.  4,258.  The 
city  is  situated  on  SE.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  on 
a  handsome  plain ;  it  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  a  college. 


SCH— SCO 


403 


tin  academy  fur  young  ladies  called  the  Wash 
ington  Boarding-School,  and  several  houses  of 
public  worship,  for  Presbyterians,  for  Dutch 
Reformed,  for  Episcopalians,  and  for  Metho 
dists.  An  elegant  bridge,  997  feet  in  length,  is 
built  in  this  place  across  the  Mohawk.  Union 
College  is  situated  on  E.  side  of  the  city,  on  an 
elevated  spot  of  ground,  and  commanding  a 
delightful  prospect.  It  was  founded  in  1795, 
and  is  a  very  respectable  and  flourishing  semi 
nary,  with  ample  endowments.  The  buildings 
are  2  elegant  brick  edifices,  each  200  feet  in 
length,  and  4  stories  high,  having  each  2  wings 
extending  156  feet,  and  two  boarding-houses. 
These  buildings  contain  upwards  of  100  rooms 
for  the  accommodation  of  students,  rooms  for 
the  philosophical  arid  chemical  apparatus,  lec 
ture  rooms,  &.c.  and  accommodations  for  the 
officers  of  the  college  with  their  families.  The 
libraries  contain  about  14,000  volumes.  The 
philosophical  apparatus  and  the  chemical  are 
complete.  The  whole  number  of  graduates 
from  the  time  of  its  foundation  to  1830,  was 
1,202.  The  number  of  students  ranges  from 
200  to  250.  Commencement  is  held  on  the 
4th  Wednesday  in  July.  There  are  3  vaca 
tions  ;  the  first  from  commencement,  7  weeks; 
the  second  from  the  Wednesday  immediately 
preceding  Christmas,  3  weeks ;  the  third  from 
the  first  Wednesday  in  April,  3  weeks.  There 
is  connected  with  the  college  an  academy  con 
taining  about  100  students. 

SCHODAC,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  on  E. 
side  of  the  Hudson,  9  m.  S.  from  Albany. 

SCHODAC  LANDING,  v.  Columbia  co. 
N.  Y. 

SCHOENBRUNN,  or  Beautiful  Spring, 
Moravian  settlement,  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Muskingum,  3  m.  below  New  Phila 
delphia. 

SCHOHARIE,  co.  central  part  of  N.  Y. 
bounded  N.  by  Montgomery  co.  NE.  by  Sche- 
nectady,  E.  by  Albany  co.  SE.  by  Greene  co. 
SW.  by  Delaware  co.  and  W.  by  Otsego  co. 
Pop.  27,910.  Chief  town,  Schoharie. 

SCHOHARIE,  t.  and  cap.  Schoharie  eo. 
N.  Y.  24  m.  S.  from  Johnstown,  32  W.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  5,146.  It  is  watered  by  a  river 
of  the  same  name.  Schoharie  village  is  situ 
ated  on  Schoharie  flats,  and  contains  the  coun 
ty  buildings,  a  printing-office,  2  churches,  and 
a  number  of  elegant  houses. 

SCHOHARIE,  r.  N.Y.  runs  N.  through 
Schoharie  co.  into  the  Mohawk,  W.  of  Florida. 
Length  70  m.  The  alluvial  flats  on  this  river 
are  from  1  to  2  m.  wide,  and  are  very  fertile. 

SCHOHARIE  KILL,  v.  in  the  W.  part  of 
Greene  co.  N.  Y.  61  m.  SW.  from  Albany. 

SCHOODIC  LAKES,  in  Washington  co. 
Me.  about  40  m.  NNW.  from  Machias, 

SCHOOLEY'S  MOUNTAIN,  a  mountain 
range  and  watering  place,  in  Morris  co.  N.  J. 
The  watering  place  is  in  the  SW  angle  of  the 
co.  about  20  m.  NE.  from  Easton  in  Pa. 

SCHUYLER,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Mohawk  river,  6  m.  NE.  from 
Utica.  Pop.  2,074. 

SCHUYLER'S  LAKE,  lake,  N.Y.  9  m. 
long  and  5  broad.  5  m.  W.  from  Lake  Otsego. 


SCHU  YLERSVILLE,  v.  Saratoga  co.  N.Y. 

24  m.  N.  from  Albany. 
SCHUYLKILL,  co.  Pa.  bounded  by  Berks 

SE.  Dauplrln  SW.  Northumberland  and  Co- 
lumbia  NW.  Luzerne  N.  and  Northampton 
and  Le'high  NE.  Length  37  m.  mean  width 
13.  Pop.  in  1820,  11,339 ;  in  1830,  20,783. 
Soil,  rough,  rocky,  and  sterile.  Chief  town, 
Orwigsburg. 

SCHUYLKILL,  r.  Pa.  rises  in  Luzerne  co. 
and  runs  SE.  into  the  Delaware,  6  m.  below 
Philadelphia.  It  is  140  m.  long,  and  naviga 
ble  for  large  merchant- vessels  to  Philadelphia. 

SCIOTO,  salt-works,  near  the  centre  of 
Jackson  co.  Ohio,  reserved  by  the  U.  S.  about 
28  m.  SE.  from  Chillicothe. 

SCIOTO,  one  of  the  central  towns  of  Ross 
co.  Ohio,  containing  the  town  of  Chillicothe. 
Pop.  4,1 2a 

SCIOTO,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Scioto  river.  Pop.  464. 

SCIOTO,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  462. 

SCIOTO,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  339. 

SCIOTO,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Ohio  river 
S.  Adams  W.  Pike  N.  Jackson  NE.  and  Law. 
rence  E.  Length  30  m.  mean  width  19.  Pop. 
in  1820,  5,749  ;  in  1830,  8,730.  Chief  town, 
Portsmouth. 

SCIOTO,  r.  Ohio,  rises  near  the  sources  of 
the  Sandusky,  has  a  course  E.  of  S.  passes  by 
Columbus,  Circleville,  and  Chillicothe,  and  runs 
into  the  Ohio  at  Portsmouth,  352  m.  below 
Pittsburg.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  130  m. 
and  is  connected  with  the  Sandusky  by  a  por 
tage  of  4  m.  A  large  part  of  the  country  wa 
tered  by  this  river  is  very  fertile. 

SCIOTO,  Uttle,  r.  Ohio,  flows  into  the  Ohio, 
20  m.  below  the  Scioto. 

SCIOTO  SALT  SPRINGS,  v.Ross  co.  Ohio. 

SCIPIO,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  11  m.  S.  from 
Auburn,  180  W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,691. 
It  lies  on  E.  side  of  Cayuga  Lake,  and  the 
township  is  about  10  m.  square,  fertile,  and 
well  cultivated. 

SCITUATE,  t.  and  s-p.  Plymouth  co.  Mass, 
on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  17  m.  SE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  3,470.  It  contains  3  houses  of 
public  worship,  2  for  Congregationalists,  and 
1  for  Episcopalians. 

SCITUATE,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  15  m. 
WSW.  from  Providence.  Pop.  6,853.  It  con 
tains  a  bank  and  several  cotton  manufactories. 

SCONONDOA,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 

SCOTCH  PLAINS,  v.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  11 
m.  W.  from  Elizabethtown. 

SCOTLAND  NECK,  v.  Halifax  co.  N.C. 

SCOTLAND  SOCIETY,  t.  Windham  co. 
Ct.  between  Windham  and  Canterbury,  34  m. 
a  little  S.  of  E.  from  Hartford. 

SCOTT,  t.  NW.  corner  Cortlandt  co.  N.Y. 
extending  from  the  head  of  Skeneateles  Lake, 

25  m.  NE.  from  Ithaca.    Pop.  1,452. 
SCOTT,  co.  Va.  bounded  by  Ten.  S.  Lee  co. 

Va.  W.  Cumberland  mountains  or  Va.  N.  Rus 
sell  co.  NE.  and  Washington  SE.  Length  40 
m.  mean  width  28.  Pop.  in  1820,  4,263 ;  in 
1830,  5,702.  Chief  town,  Estillville. 

SCOTT,  v.  Adams  co.  Ohio,  107  m.  SSW 
from  Columbus. 


404 


SCO— SEN 


SCOTT,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Fayette  SE. 
Woodford  SW.  Franklin  W.  Owen  N.  and  Har- 
rison  NE.  Length  14  m.  mean  width  13.  Pop. 
in  1820,  14,219  ;  in  1830,  14,677.  Chief  town, 
Georgetown.  Soil  highly  productive. 

SCOTT,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Clarke  co.  SE. 
Floyd  S.  Washington  W.  Jackson  NW.  Jen 
nings  NE.  and  Jefferson  E.  Length  20  m. 
breadth  15.  Pop.  in  1820,  2,334;  in  1830, 
3,097.  Chief  town,  New  Lexington.  It  is 
watered  by  several  branches  of  White  river. 

SCOTTSBURG,  v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

SCOTT'S  FERRY,  v.  Albemarle  co.  Va. 

SCOTTSVILLE,  v.  Gennessee  co.  N.  Y. 

SCOTTSVILLE,  v.  Powhatan  co.  Va.  about 
30  m.  W.  from  Richmond. 

SCOTTSVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Al 
len  co.  Ken.  on  a  small  branch  of  Big  Barren 
river,  45  m.  E.  from  Russellville,  and  160  SW. 
by  S.  from  Frankfort 

SCRANENBURG,  v.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  6  m. 
NE.  from  Hackensack.  It  contains  2  Dutch 
churches. 

SCRIBA,  t  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Oswego,  173  m.  WNW.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  2,073. 

SCRIVEN,  co.  Geo.  between  Savannah  and 
Ogeechee  rivers,  bounded  by  Effingham  co. 
SE.  Ogeechee  river,  or  Bullock  and  Emanuel 
cos.  SW.  Burke  NW.  and  Savannah  river  NE. 
Length  34  m.  mean  width  22.  Pop.  in  1820, 
3,941 ;  in  1830,  4,776.  Chief  town,  Jackson- 
borough. 

SCHROON,  t  Essex  co.  N.Y.,  W.  of  Ticon- 
deroga.  Pop.  1,644.  It  lies  W.  of  Schroon 
Lake. 

SCHROON,  r.  N.  Y.  the  E.  branch  of  the 
Hudson.  It  runs  from  Schroon  Lake  into  the 
Hudson,  and  has  many  falls. 

SCHROON  LAKE,  N.  Y.  12  m.  W.  of  the 
N.  end  of  Lake  George.  It  lies  between  Hague 
on  the  E.  and  Chester  on  the  W.  and  is  about 
8  m.  long,  and  1  broad. 

SCUFFLETOWN,  v.  Laurens  district,  S.C. 

SCULL  CAMP,  v.  Surrey  district,  N.  C. 

SCULLTOWN,  v,  Salem  co.  N.J.  10  m. 
NE.  from  Salem. 

SEABROOK,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N,  H.  7  m. 
N.  from  Newburyport,  17  SSW.  from  Ports 
mouth.  Pop.  1,096. 

SEAFORD,  v.  Sussex  co,  N.  J, 

SEAKONNET  ROCKS,  rocks  on  the  coast 
of  R.  I.  en  E.  side  of  the  entrance  of  Narra- 
ganset  Bay,  6  m.  ESE.  from  Newport. 

SEAL,  t.  Fike  co.  Ohio.     Pop,  1,173. 

SEAL  ISLAND,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Me. 
Lon.  683  40'  W, ;  lat.  43°  50'  N. 

SEAL  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small  islands, 
in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  coast  of  Me.  Lon. 
673  46'  W. ;  lat.  44°  45'  N. 

SEARSBURG,  v.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  12  m. 
E.  from  Benriington. 

SE  ARSMONT,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  93  m,  NE. 
from  Portland.  Pop.  1,151. 

SEARS VILLE,  v.  Sullivan  co.  N.Y.  103 
m.  SW.  from  Albany. 

SEBAGO,  or  Sebasticook,  lake  of  Cumber 
land  co.  Me.  out  of  the  E.  part  of  which  flows 
Presumscut  river. 


SEBASTIAN,  St.  town  of  Mexico.  Lon. 
105°  5'  W. ;  lat.  24°  20'  N. 

SEBASTICOOK,  r.  Me.  rises  near  the  Pis 
cataquis,  and  flows  into  the  Kennebeck  on  E. 
side,  at  Winslow.  It  passes  through  a  large 
pond  in  Harmony,  and  receives  a  considerable 
eastern  branch  in  Palmyra.  Its  whole  length 
is  70  or  80  m.  Great  numbers  of  herrings 
are  caught  in  it. 

SEBEC,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  82  m.  NNW. 
from  Castine.  Pop.  993. 

SEBEC,  lake  and  river,  Maine.  Sebee 
Lake  lies  partly  in  Somerset  co.  and  partly  in 
Penobscot,  drawing  its  remote  confluents  from 
the  environs  of  Moose  Head  Lake.  The  out 
let,  retaining  the  same  name,  unites  with  the 
Piscataquis. 

SEDGWICK,  s-p.  Hancock  co.  Me.  on  E. 
side  of  Penobscot  Bay,  6  m.  SE.  from  Castine, 
260  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,606. 

SEEKHONK,  name  applied  to  Pawtucket 
river,  below  Pawtucket  bridge  and  falls,  to  its 
junction  with  Providence  river,  a  distance  of 
4  or  5  m. 

SEEKHONK,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass,  on  E. 
side  of  Pawtucket  or  Seekhonk  river,  opposite 
North  Providence,  19  m.  WSW.  from  Taun- 
ton,  38  SSW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  2,134.  That 
part  of  Pawtucket  village  which  belongs  to 
Massachusetts  is  in  this  town.  Here  is  a 
bank. 

SEGOVIA,  Neio,  town  of  N.  America,  in 
Guatemala,  seated  on  the  river  Yare,  on  the 
confines  of  the  province  of  Honduras.  Lon. 
84°  20'  W. ;  lat.  13y  25'  N. 

SEGUIN,  island,  on  the  coast  of  Maine, 
about  3  m.  from  the  mouth  of  Kennebeck  river, 
4  m.  E.  from  Cape  Small  Point.  Lon.  69°  42' 
W. ;  lat.  43°  41'  N.  There  is  a  light-house 
on  this  island. 

SELAM,  town  of  N.  America,  in  Mexico, 
situated  near  the  sea-coast  Lou.  90°  28'  W. ; 
lat  39°  12'  N. 

SELBY  PORT,  t  Alleghany  co.  Md.  38 
m.  W.  from  Cumberland. 

SELIN'S  GROVE,  v.  Northumberland  co. 
Pa. 

SELLERSVILLE,  v.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  in 
Rockhill  town,  35  m.  NNW.  from  Philadel 
phia. 

SELMA,  v.  Dallas  co,  AL  43  m.  from  Ca- 
hawba. 

SELSER  TOWN,  or  Ellicotsville,  t  Adams 
co.  Mississippi,  about  15  m.  NE.  from  Natchez 

SEMPRONIUS,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  14  m. 
SE.  from  Auburn,  160  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
5,705.  It  lies  W.  of  Skeneateles  Lake,  and  E. 
of  Owasco  Lake,  and  is  a  very  valuable  town 
ship. 

SENECA,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side 
of  Seneca  Lake,  12  m.  E.  from  Canandai^ua, 
192  W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  6,161.  This  is  a 
very  valuable  township,  and  contains  the  flour 
ishing  village  of  Geneva,  which  see.  There 
is  an  extensive  glass  manufactory,  2  m.  south 
from  Geneva. 

SENECA,  r.  N.  Y.  flows  from  Seneca  Lake 
NE.  into  the  Oswego,  in  Cicero.  Its  whole 
course  is  about  60  m.  It  affords  considerable 


SEN— SHE 


405 


facilities  for  boat  navigation,  and  furnishes 
valuable  mill-seats. 

SENECA,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Cayuga 
co.  E.  by  Cayuga  co.  and  lake,  S.  by  Tomp- 
kins  co.  and  W.  by  Seneca  Lake  and  co.  Pop. 
21,031 .  Chief  towns,  Waterloo  and  Ovid. 

SENECA,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio. 

SENECA,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  San- 
dusky,  Huron  E.  Crawford  S.  and  W.  by  Han 
cock  and  Wood.  Length  30  m.  breadth  18. 
Sandusky  river  flows  across  this  co.  from  N. 
to  S.  Pop.  546.  Chief  town,  Tiffin. 

SENECA,  t.  Monroe  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  610. 

SENECA  CREEK,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the 
Potomac,  21  m.  W.  from  W. 

SENECA  FALLS,  v.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  outlet  of  Seneca  Lake,  10  m.  below  Geneva, 
4  m.  below  Waterloo,  and  2  m.  W.  from  Cay- 
uga  bridge. 

SENECA  LAKE,  N.  Y.  from  6  to  15  m. 
W.  from  Cayuga  Lake.  It  is  35  m.  long,  and 
from  2  to  4  broad.  There  is,  on  the  bank  of 
this  lake,  a  quarry  of  marble,  beautifully  va 
riegated,  of  an  excellent  quality,  and  proof 
against  fire. 

SENECAVILLE,v.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  59 
m.  E.  from  Columbus. 

SEQUATCHEE,  r.  Ten.  rises  in  Bledsoe 
co.  runs  SW.  passing  through  the  western  part 
of  the  Cherokee  country,  and  flows  into  the 
Tennessee. 

SESEME  QUIAN,  r.  Indiana,  runs  into 
the  Illinois. 

SEVERN,  r.  Md.  runs  by  Annapolis  into 
the  Chesapeake,  2  m.  below  the  town. 

SEVERN  r.  Va.  runs  into  Chesapeake 
Hay,  lat.  37°  23'  N. 

SEVIER,  co.  Tennessee  bounded  by  Dusky 
Mountain  or  North  Carolina  SE.  Monroe  S. 
Blount  W.  Knox  NW.  Jefferson  NE.  and 
Cocke  E.  Length  33  m.  mean  width  20. 
Chief  town,  Sevierville.  Pop.  in  1820,  4,772  ; 
in  1830,  5,117. 

SEVIERVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Sevier  co. 
Ten.  on  a  branch  of  the  French  Broad,  about 
30  m.  SE.  from  Knoxville,  500  from  W. 

SEWEE  BAY,  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
coast  of  S.  Carolina.  Lat.  32°  58'  N. 

SEWICKLY,  r.  Pa.  runs  W.  into  the 
Youghiogeny,  9  m.  above  the  Monongahela. 

SEXTON'S  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  rises  in  Grafton, 
and  runs  into  the  Connecticut,  2  m.  S.  from 
Bellows  Falls. 

SHACKLEFORD,  v.  King  and  Queen  co. 

SHADE,  r,  Ohio,  flows  into  the  Ohio,  10  m. 
below  the  Hockhocking. 

SHADE  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Pa.  NE.  of 
Lewistown, 

SHADY  GROVE,  v.  Franklin  co.  Va.  228 
m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Richmond. 

SHAFFERSTOWN,  v.  in  the  NE.  part  of 
Lebanon  co.  Pa.  9  m.  E.  from  Lebanon,  and 
32  E.  from  Harrisburg. 

SHAFTSBURY,  t  Bennington  co.  Vt.  7  m. 
N.  from  Bennington.  Pop.  2,143.  It  is  a 
considerable  and  flourishing  town,  and  con 
tains  an  academy.  A  quarry  of  good  marble 
is  found  in  this  town. 


SHAKERSTOWN,  t.  Mercer  co.  Ken. 

SHAKER  TOWN,  t.  Knox  co.  In.  a  little 
east  of  the  Wabash,  about  15  m.  N.  from  Vin- 
cennes. 

SHALERSVILLE,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  N. 
from  Ravenna.  Pop.  757. 

SHALLOT  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  runs  into  the 
Atlantic,  Ion.  78°  38'  W. ;  lat.  33°  51'  N. 

SHAMBURG,  t.  Washington  co.  Mis. 

SHAMOKIN,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the  Susque- 
hannah,  a  little  below  Sunbury. 

SHANDAKEN,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  20  ra. 
W.  from  Kingston.  Pop.  966. 

SHANESVILLE,  v.  Mercer  co.  Ohio,  122 
m.  NW.  from  Columbus. 

SHANESVILLE,  v.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio, 
on  Sugar  creek. 

SHAPLEIGH,  t.  York  co.  Me.  on  the  Pis- 
cataqua,  35  NW.  York,  108  NNE.  from  Bos 
ton.  Pop.  1,480. 

SHAREMAN'S  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  E. 
into  the  Susquehannah,  a  little  below  the  Ju- 
niatta. 

SHARK  RIVER,  r.  N.  J.  runs  into  the 
Atlantic,  Ion.  74°  4'  W. ;  lat.  40°  10'  N. 

SHARON,  New,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  27 
rn.  NNW.  from  Augusta.  Pop.  1,599. 

SHARON,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  18  m. 
WSW.  from  Amherst,  48  SW.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  721. 

SHARON,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  22  m.  N.  from 
Windsor.  Pop.  1,459. 

SHARON,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  17  m.  SSW. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  1,024. 

SHARON,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  15  m.  WNW. 
from  Litchfield.  Pop.  2,613.  Here  J»  an 
academy. 

SHARON,  t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  W. 
from  Schoharie.  Pop.  4,247. 

SHARON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
909. 

SHARON,  v.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 

SHARON,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  704. 

SHARPS,  isl.  Dorchester  co.  Md.  in  the 
Chesapeake. 

SHARPSBURG,  v.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio. 

SHARPSBURG,  t.  Washington  co.  Md. 
about  2  m.  from  the  Potomac,  nearly  opposite 
Shepherdstown,  14  m.  SE.  from  Elizabethtown. 
Pop.  1,800. 

SHARPSBURG,  v.  Bath  co.  Ken.  59  m.  E. 
from  Frankfort.  Pop.  158. 

SHARPTOWN,  t  Salem  co.  N.  J. 

SHAWANGUNK,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  17  m, 
NW.  from  Newburgh.  Pop.  2,681. 

SHAWANGUNK,  mt.  N.  Y.  25  m.  SW. 
from  Kingston. 

SHAWNEETOWN,  t.  Gallatin  co.  II.  on 
the  Ohio,  9  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Wa 
bash.  It  contains  a  bank,  a  land-office,  and  a 
printing-office,  from  which  is  issued  a  weekly 
newspaper.  This  place  has  considerable  trade 
in  salt.  The  U.  S.  Saline,  in  the  forks  of  Sa 
line  river,  is  12  m.  from  the  town.  This  town 
is  subject  to  annual  inundation. 

SHAWSHEEN,  r.  Mass,  runs  NE.  into  the 
Merrimack,  in  N.  part  of  Andover. 

SHEEPSCOT,  v.  Lincoln  co.  Me. 

SHEEPSCOT,  r.  Lincoln  co.  Me,  runs  into 


406 


SHE— SHE 


the  Atlantic,  on  E.  side  of  Wiscasset,  forming 
a  bay  at  its  mouth. 

SHEFFIELD,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  16  rn.  N. 
from  Danville,  45  NE.  from  Montpelier.  Pop. 
720. 

SHEFFIELD,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  20  m. 
S.  from  Lenox,  30  SE.  from  Hudson,  125 
WSW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  2,392.  It  is  wa 
tered  by  the  Housatonnuc,  which  affords  good 
seats  for  mills.  South  mountain  extends  the 
whole  length  of  the  town,  on  E.  side  of  the 
river. 

SHEFFIELD,  v.  Lorain  co.  Ohio,  155  m. 
NNE.  from  Columbus. 

SHELBURNE,  t  in  the  British  province 
of  New  Brunswick,  at  Port  Roseway,  extends 
2  m.  on  the  water-side,  and  1  m.  back,  with 
wide  streets  crossing  each  other  at  right  an 
gles.  The  harbor  is  deep,  capacious,  and  se 
cure. 

SHELBURNE,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on 
Lake  Charaplain,  7  m.  S.  from  Burlington 
Pop.  1,123. 

SHELBURNE,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
Androscoggin,  22  m.  ESE.  from  Lancaster. 
Pop.  312. 

SHELBURNE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  4  m. 
W.  from  Greenfield,  100  m.  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  985. 

SHELBY,  v.  M'Comb  co.  Mich.  38  m.  from 
Detroit 

SHELBY,  t  Orleans  co.  N.Y.  adjoining 
Niagara  co.  N.  from  the  Tonnewanta  reserva 
tion,  and  S.  from  the  Erie  canal.  Pop.  2,043. 

SHELBY,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Salt  river 
or  Nelson  co.  S.  Bullitt  SW.  Jefferson  W. 
Henry  N.  and  Franklin  E.  and  SE.  Length 
26  m.  mean  width  20.  Chief  town,  Shelby- 
ville.  Pop.  in  1820,  21,047 ;  in  1830,  19,039. 

SHELBY,  co.  in  the  western  part  of  Ohio, 
bounded  N.  by  Allen,  E.  by  Logan,  S.  by  Mi 
ami,  and  W.  by  Darke.  It  is  about  20  miles 
square.  It  is  watered  by  the  Great  Miami 
river  and  Loramie's  creek,  beside  several  of 
their  tributaries.  Pop.  in  1820, 2,106  ;  in  1830, 
3,671.  Chief  town,  Sydney. 

SHELBY,  SW.  co.  Ten.  bounded  by  the 
state  of  Mississippi  S.  Mississippi  river  W.  anc 
Madison  co.  in  Ten.  N.  and  E  Length  34  m. 
width  30.  Pop.  in  1820,  354 ;  in  1830,  5,652, 
Chief  town,  Memphis. 

SHELBY,  co.  Al.  bounded  by  Coosa  river 
E.  Bibb  co.  S.  Tuscaloosa  SW.  Jefferson  NW 
and  St.  Clair  N.  Length  40  m.  width  36.  Chief 
town,  Shelbyville.  Pop.  in  1820,  2,416;  in 
1830,  5,521. 

SHELBY,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Bartholomew 
S.  Johnson  W.  Marion  NW.  Madison  N.  Rush 
E.  and  Decatur  SE.  Length  24  m.  breadth  18 
Pop.  6,294.  Chief  town,  ShelbyviJle. 

SHELBY  COURT-HOUSE,  Shelby  cc,  Al 
93  m.  N.  from  Cahawba. 

SHELBYVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Shelby  co 
Ken.  on  Brashan's  creek,  12  m.  above  its  June 
tion  with  Salt  river,  22  m.  WSW.  from  Frank, 
fort,  572  from  W.  Pop.  1,201.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  bank,  a  printing-office,  and  a 
meeting-house. 

SHELBYVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Bedford  co 


Ten.  on  Duck  river,  50  m.  SSE.  from  Nash- 
ille,  692  from  W.  It  is  a  flourishing  town, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  bank,  and  a  print- 
ng-office. 

SHELDON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  the  Mi- 
chiscoui,  16  m.  E.  from  Lake  Champlain.  Pop. 
L,427.  Here  are  several  forges,  and  a  furnace 
or  casting  hollow-ware. 

SHELDON,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  SW. 
from  Batavia,  270  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
1,731. 

SHELLDRAKE  RIVER,  r.  Canada,  runs 
nto  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  Ion.  64°  50'  W. ; 
at  50°  20'  N. 

SHELLDRAKE,  r.  Michigan  territory,  runs 
nto  lake  Superior,  24  m.  W.  from  point  Iro- 
quois. 

SHELL  KEY,  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
Lon.  89°  15'  W. ;  lat.  29°  48'  N. 

SHELTER  ISLAND,  isl.  near  E.  end  of 
Long  Island,  100  m.  E.  from  N.  Y.  Pop.  330. 
It  is  7  m.  long,  and  5  broad.  This  island  and 
Great  Hog-Neck  island  constitute  a  town. 

SHENANDOAH,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by 
Frederick  co.  SE.  by  Culpeper  and  Madison 
cos.  SW.  by  Rockingham  co.  and  W.  by  Hardy 
co.  Pop.  19,750.  Chief  town,  Woodstock. 

SHENANDOAH,  r.  Va.  rises  in  Augusta 
co.  and  after  a  course  of  about  200  m.  joins 
the  Potomac  in  lat.  38°  4'  N.  just  before  the 
latter  bursts  through  the  Blue  Ridge.  See 
Harper's  Ferry.  It  waters  a  fertile  country, 
and  is  navigable  for  boats  100  m. 

SHENANDOAH  FORK,  v.  Shenandoah 
co.  Va. 

SHENEVAS  CREEK,  r.  N.Y.  in  Otsego 
co.  It  runs  SW.  25  m.  and  joins  the  Susque- 
hannah. 

SHENLEY,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  on 
Chaudiere  river,  54  m.  S.  from  Quebec. 

SHEPAUG,  r.  Ct.  runs  S.  into  the  Quine- 
baug,  in  W.  part  of  Southbury. 

SHEPHERD'S  CREEK,  r.  La.  runs  into 
the  Missouri,  83  m.  W.  from  the  Mississippi. 

SHEPHERDSTOWN,  v.  Belmont  co.  Ohio. 

SHEPHERDSTOWN,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Va. 
on  the  Potomac,  10  m.  E.  by  S.  from  Martins- 
burg.  Pop.  1,200 — principally  Germans  and 
their  descendants. 

SHEPHERDSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Bullitt 
co.  Ken.  on  Salt  river,  14  m.  from  its  junction 
with  the  Ohio,  20  m.  S.  from  Louisville,  70  W 
from  Lexington.  Pop.  278. 

SHERBURNE,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  13  m.  E. 
from  Rutland.  Pop.  452. 

SHERBURNE,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  22 
m.  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  900. 

SHERBURNE,  t.  Chenango  co.N.Y.  11 
m.  N.  from  Norwich,  98  W.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  2,574.  It  is  watered  by  the  Chenango,  is 
a  valuable  township,  and  contains  a  handsome 
village,  a  printing-office,  valuable  mills,  and 
some  manufactures. 

SHERBURNE,  v.  Beaufort  district,  S.  C. 
214  m.  from  Columbia. 

SHERBURNE  MILLS,  v.  Fleming  co.  Ken 

SHERMAN,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  43  m.  NW 
from  New  Haven.  Pop.  947 

SHESHEQUIN,  v.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 


SHE-SIR 


407 


SHETUCKET,  r.  Ct.  joins  the  Yantic  at 
Norwich,  to  form  the  Thames. 

SHIELDSBOROUGH,  t.  Hancock  caMiss. 
on  the  bay  of  St.  Louis,  39  m.  by  land  ENE. 
from  New  Orleans,  60  by  water.  It  has  a  very 
pleasant  and  healthy  situation,  elevated  from 
20  to  40  feet  above  tide-water,  contains  about 
600  inhabitants,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable 
resort  from  New  Orleans,  during  the  sickly 
season.  The  bay  is  navigable  to  the  town  for 
vessels  drawing  7  feet. 

SHIELDS'  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  runs 
into  the  Missouri,  7  m.  below  the  Great  Falls. 

SHINNTOWN,  v.  Harrison  co.  Va.  on  the 
W.  fork  of  Monongahela,  at  the  mouth  of  Sim- 
son's  creek,  8  m.  NNE.  from  Clarksburg,  and 
235  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Washington. 

SHIPPENSBURG,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 
20  m.  N.  by  E.  from  Cham  her  sburg,  20  SW. 
from  Carlisle,  140  W.  from  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
1,621.  It  is  a  considerable  town,  situated  on 
a  branch  of  the  Conedogwinet  creek,  and  con 
tains  a  market-house,  and  several  houses  of 
public  worship,  for  Presbyterians,  Dutch  Re 
formed,  and  Methodists. 

SHIPPINGPORT,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ken.  on 
the  Ohio,  2  miles  below  Louisville.  Pop.  607. 
Here  are  a  ship-yard,  rope- walk,  and  a  flour- 
mill. 

SHIRLEY,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  6  m. 
WSW.  from  Groton,  41  WNW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  991.  Here  are  cotton  manufactories. 

SHIRLEYSBURG,  v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 

SHOAL  CREEK,  r.  II.  has  a  course  S.  by 
W.  of  about  70  miles,  and  joins  the  Kaskaskia, 
in  lat  38°  27'  N.  It  is  a  fine  and  rapid  stream 
and  navigable  for  boats  about  30  miles. 

SHOAL  INLET,  channel,  between  two 
small  islands,  on  the  coast  of  N.  Carolina,  Ion. 
77°  58'  W. ;  lat.  34°  5'  N. 

SHOCCOE  SPRINGS,  in  Warren  co.  N.  C. 
8  m.  S.  from  Warrenton.  These  mineral 
waters  are  much  resorted  to.  Here  is  an 
academy. 

SHOREHAM,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Lake 
Champlain,  49  m.  S.  from  Burlington.  Pop. 
2,137.  Here  is  an  academy. 

SHOREHAM,  New,  t.  Newport  co.  R.  I. 
on  Block  Island,  23  m.  SSW.  from  Newport. 
Pop.  1,885. 

SHORT  CREEK,  t  Harrison  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  2,184. 

SHREWSBURY,  t.  Rutland  co.  yt.  22  m. 
W.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,289. 

SHREWSBURY,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  6 
m.  ENE.  from  Worcester,  38  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,386.  It  is  a  pleasant  town. 

SHREWSBURY,  t.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 
11  m.  E.  from  Freehold,  47  NE.  from  Trenton, 
77  NE.  from  Philadelphia.  This  is  a  neatly 
built  and  pleasantly  situated  town,  has  several 
fine  churches,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable 
resort  for  company  from  Philadelphia  and  New 
York,  during  the  warm  season. 

SHREWSBURY,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
2,571. 

SHREWSBURY,  v.  Kenhawa  co.  Va.  306 
m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Richmond, 


SHREWSBURY,  r.  N.  J.  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic,  Ion.  74°  2'  W. ;  lat.  40°  22'  N. 

SHUTESBURY,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  16 
m.  SE.  from  Greenfield,  80  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  987.  Here  is  a  well  in  which  a  fountain 
of  medicinal  water  was  opened  by  an  earth 
quake,  in  July  1815,  the  waters  of  which  are 
found  beneficial  in  many  cutaneous  diseases. 

SIDDONSBURG,  v.  York  co.  Pa.  32  m. 
from  Harrisburg. 

SIDELING  CREEK,  r.  Md.  flows  on  the 
E.  side  of  Sideling  mountain,  and  runs  into 
the  Potomac. 

SIDELING  MOUNTAINS,  range,  extend 
ing  through  Huntingdon  and  Bedford  cos.  Pa. 
and  Alleghany  co.  Md. 

SIDNEY,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  on  the  Ken. 
nebeck,  opposite  Vassalborough,  8  m.  N.  from 
Augusta,  178  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  2,191. 

SIDNEY,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Sus- 
quehannah,  25  m.  W.  from  Delhi.  Pop.  1,410. 

SI  LAO,  t.  Mexico,  in  Guanaxuato,  20  m. 
NW.  by  W.  from  the  city  of  Guanaxuato. 

SILVER  LAKE,  v.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  267 
m.  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Albany. 

SILVER  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  runs  into  the 
Kentucky. 

SIMMON'S  ISLAND,  small  island  on  the 
coast  of  S.  Carolina.  Lon.  80°  10'  W. ;  lat.  32° 
38' N. 

SIMONSBURG,  v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

SIMPSON,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Ten.  S. 
Logan  co.  in  Ken.  W.  and  NW.  Warren  N. 
and  Allen  E.  Length  25  m.  mean  width  16. 
Chief  town,  Franklin.  Pop.  in  1820,  4,852 ; 
in  1830,  6,099. 

SIMPSONSVILLE,  v.  Shelby  co.  Ken.  34 
m.  from  Frankfort.  Pop.  77. 

SIMPSONVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
8  m.  from  W. 

SIMSBURY,  t.  Hartford  co.Ct  11  m.  NW. 
from  Hartford.  Pop.  2,221. 

SINEGAR  CREEK,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the 
Potomac. 

SING-SING,  v.  and  landing  in  Mount  Pleas 
ant,  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson,  36  m.  N.  from  New 
York.. 

SINKING  SPRING,  v.  Highland  co.  Ohio, 
23  m.  SE.  from  Chillicothe. 

SINKING  SPRING,  v.  Berks  co.  Pa.  4  m. 
W.  from  Reading. 

SIOUX,  r.  La.  runs  S.  into  the  Missouri, 
253  m.  above  the  Platte, 

SIOUX,  Little,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Mis- 
souri,  733  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

SIPPO,  r.  Ohio,  flows  into  the  Scioto,  5  m 
below  Circleville. 

SIPSY,  r.  Al.  runs  into  the  Tombigbee, 
Lon.  87°  51'  W. ;  lat.  32°  22'  N. 

SIR  JAMES  LANCASTER'S  SOUND, 
opens  from  Baffin's  Bay,  lat.  74°  47'  N.  and 
immediately  W.  from  the  meridian  of  W.  This 
great  inlet  was  explored  by  captain  Parry,  of 
the  British  navy,  who  entered  it  in  1820,  and 
wintered  1820-21,  as  far  as  111°  degrees  W. 
from  London,  and  decided  the  geography  of 
these  region*  to  117°  W.  This  very  important 
voyage  has  shown  the  separation  of  Greenland^ 


408 


SIS— SxMY 


from  North  America,  upwards  of  200  m.  NW. 
from  Cape  Farewell,  and  lias  placed  beyond  a 
doubt  the  existence  of  a  Polar  continent,  or 
Archipelago,  detached  from,  or  but  very  slight 
ly  united  to,  North  America  or  Asia. 

SISTER  ISLANDS,  three  small  islands  to 
wards  the  western  extremity  of  Lake  Erie, 
called  the  Eastern,  Western,  and  Middle  Sis 
ters.  They  are  all  small,  the  largest  not  ex 
ceeding  10  acres. 

SKENEATELES,  v.  in  the  township  of 
Marcellus,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  7  m.  E.  from 
Auburn,  163  W.  from  Albany.  It  is  most  de 
lightfully  situated  around  the  W.  end  of  Ske- 
neateles  Lake,  and  is  a  large,  handsome,  and 
flourishing  village. 

SKENEATELES,  lake,  in  W.  part  of 
Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  long,  and  from  J  to 
1£  broad.  Skeneateles  creek  flows  from  the  N. 
end  to  Seneca  river,  about  10  miles,  and  affords 
many  fine  mill-seats. 

SKINNERSVILLE,  v.  Washington  co. 
N.C. 

SKITPOPING,  lake,  N.  C.  Lon.  76°  42'  W. ; 
lat.  35°  45'  N. 

SKUPPERNONG,  r.  N.C.  communicates 
by  means  of  a  canal  with  the  lake  in  Dismal 
Swamp. 

SKUTTOCK  HILLS,  eminences  on  the 
coast  of  Me.  which  afford  sailing  marks  into 
Goldsborough  harbor. 

SLABTOWN,  v.  Burlington  co.  N,  J.  7  m. 
E.  from  Burlington. 

SLATE  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Va.  6  m.  W. 
from  Richmond.  Lon.  72°  W.;  lat.  37° 
35' N. 

SLATE  RIVER,  r.  Va,  runs  into  James 
river,  lat  37°  40'  N. 

SLATERSVILLE,  v.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 
210  m.  W.  from  Albany. 

SLAUGHTER  CREEK,  bay  on  the  coast 
of  Maryland,  in  the  Chesapeake. 

SLAUGHTER  RIVER,  r.  N.  America, 
runs  into  the  Missouri,  121  m.  below  the  Great 
Falls. 

SLAVE  LAKE,  large  lake  of  British  N. 
America,  between  lat.  60°  30'  and  62°  30'  N. 
It  extends  nearly  E.  and  W.  350  m.  with 
a  mean  width  of  about  40,  between  Ion.  33° 
and  42°  W.  from  W.  The  Unjigah  river 
enters  its  SE.  and  leaves  it  at  its  NW.  ex 
tremity. 

SLAVE  RIVER,  of  British  America,  the 
outlet  of  Athapescow  Lake. 

SLIPPERY  ROCK,  river,  Pa.  on  the  SE. 
branch  of  Beaver,  rises  in  Butler,  Venango, 
and  Mercer  cos.  by  a  number  of  creeks,  which 
unite  in  Beaver  and  fall  into  Big  Beaver  river, 
12  m.  N.  from  the  borough  of  Beaver. 

SLOANSVILLE,  v.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  48 
m.  westerly  from  Albany. 

SLOANSVILLE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C. 
155  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

SLOKUM'S  ISLAND,  one  of  the  Elizabeth 
Islands,  in  Buzzard's  Bay,  Mass. 

SMETHPORT,  t.  and  cap.  M'Kean  co. 
Pa.  45  m.  E.  from  Warren,  273  from  W. 

SMITH,  co.  Ten.  bounded  by  Kentucky  N. 
Jackson  co.  E.  White  and  Warren  SE.  Wil 


son  SVV.  and  Sumner  W  Length  36  m. 
mean  width  15.  Chief  town,  Carthage.  Pop. 
in  1820,  17,580 ;  in  1830,  21,492. 

SMITH,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio. 

SMITH'S  ISLAND,  island  N.  C.  at  the 
mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river.  Cape  Fear  is  the 
SE.  point  of  it. 

SMITH'S  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the 
Atlantic,  near  the  coast  of  Virginia.  This  is 
one  of  a  cluster  collectively  called  Smith's  Isl 
ands.  Lon.  75°  52'  W. ;  lat.  37°  15'  N. 

SMITH'S  POINT,  cape,  on  the  coast  of 
Virginia,  forming  the  S.  limit  of  the  Potomac. 
Lat.  37°  54'  N. 

SMITH'S  POND,  lake,  in  Wolfsborough, 
N.  H.  3  m.  long. 

SMITH'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  runs  into  the 
Merrirnack,  in  N.  part  of  New  Chester. 

SMITH'S  RIVER,  r.  Rockingham  co.  N.  C. 
runs  into  the  Dan. 

SMITHFIELD,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  on 
the  Pawtucket,  12  m.  N.  from  Providence. 
Pop.  3,994.  It  is  a  considerable  town,  and 
contains  2  banks,  an  academy,  several  manu 
factories  of  cotton  goods  and  scythes,  and  3 
houses  of  public  worship,  2  for  Friends,  and  1 
for  Congregationalists. 

SMITHFIELD,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  29  m. 
WSW.  from  Utica.  Pop.  2,636.  It  is  a  valu 
able  township,  and  contains  the  village  of  Pe 
terborough. 

SMITHFIELD,  v.  Hopkins  co.  Ken. 

SMITHFIELD,  v.  Isle-of-Wight  co.  Va.  on 
Pagan  creek,  about  6  m.  above  its  entrance 
into  James  river,  32  WNW.  from  Norfolk.  It 
is  a  great  depot  for  hams,  which  are  exported 
in  large  quantities.  Pagan  creek  is  navigable 
to  this  place  for  boats  of  20  tons. 

SMITHFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  Johnson  to 
N.  C.  on  the  Neuse,  27  m.  SE.  from  Raleigh, 
about  110  m.  NW.  from  Newbern,  and  313 
from  W.  It  is  situated  on  a  handsome  plain, 
and  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  has 
some  trade. 

SMITHFIELD,  t  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,214. 

SMITH  GROVE,  v.  Warren  co.  Ken.  173 
m.  SW.  from  Frankfort 

SMITHLAND,  t.  Livingston  co.  Ken.  on 
the  Ohio,  3  rh.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Cum 
berland.  Pop.  388. 

SMITHSBOROUGH,v.  in  Owego,  N.  Y. 

SMITHTOWN,  t.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on  N. 
side  of  Long  Island,  53  m.  E.  from  New  York. 
Pop.  1,686. 

SMITHVILLE,  t.  Chenango  co.  N  Y  13 
m.  SE.  from  Norwich.  Pop.  1,829 

SMITHVILLE,  t.  Brunswick  co.  N.  C. 
near  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river. 

SMOCKVILLE,  t.  Jefferson  co.  In. 

SMOKEHILL,  r.  Louisiana  runs  into  the 
Kansas. 

SMYRNA,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  N. 
from  Norwich,  105  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
1,897. 

SMYRNA,  a  flourishing  town  in  Kent  co. 
Delaware,  on  Duck  creek,  about  10  m.  above 
its  mouth,  12  NNW.  from  Dover,  28  S.  from 
Newcastle,  120  from  W.  Pop.  about  1,000, 


SMY— SON 


409 


It  contains  a  bank  and  an  academy,  and 
carries  on  considerable  trade  with  Philadel 
phia. 

SMYTHFIELD,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.  193 
m.  from  W. 

SNAKE  CREEK,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Mis 
souri,  246  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

SNEYDSBOROUGH,  t.  Richmond  co.  N.C. 
on  the  Yadkin,  200  m.  by  water,  and  120  by 
land,  above  Georgetown,  S.  C. 

SNICKER'S  GAP,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

SNOW  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into 
the  Missouri  35  m.  below  the  Great  Falls. 

SNOWHILL,  t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap. 
Worcester  co.  Md.  on  the  Pocomoke,  25  m. 
from  its  mouth,  125  S.  from  Philadelphia. 
Lon.  75°  30'  W. ;  lat.  38°  10'  N.  It  is  pleas 
antly  situated,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a 
jail,  an  academy,  a  bank,  3  houses  of  public 
worship,  and  about  1,200  inhabitants,  and  has 
considerable  trade. 

SNOWHILL,  v.  Greene  co.  N.C. 

SNOWHILL,  v.  Clinton  co.  Ohio,  84  m. 
SW.  from  Columbus. 

SOCIETY-LAND,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. 
25  m.  SW.  from  Concord.  Pop.  164. 

SOCONUSCO,  province  of  Guatemala,  NW. 
from  the  city  of  Guatemala,  88  m.  long,  and 
nearly  as  much  broad ;  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  Chiapi,  on  the  E.  by  Guatemala,  on  the  S. 
by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Guaxaca. 

SOCONUSCO,  town  of  New  Spain,  capital 
of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  440  m.  SE. 
of  Mexico.  Lon.  15°  50'  W.;  lat.  15°  12'  N. 
from  W. 

SODUS,  bay,  of  N.  York,  on  the  S.  shore  of 
Lake  Ontario,  between  Seneca  and  Ontario 
cos.  It  is  completely  secure,  12  m.  N.  from 
Lyons,  on  the  Erie  canal.  It  will  admit  ves 
sels  drawing  7  or  8  feet  water. 

SODUS,  Little,  small  bay,  12  m.  E.  from 
the  preceding. 

SODUS,  t.  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.  on  Great  Sodus 
Bay,  S.  side  of  Lake  Ontario,  30  m.  NE.  from 
Canandaigua,  212  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
3,528.  The  principal  village  is  called  Troup- 
ville.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  this  town.  Great 
Sodus  Bay  is  7  m.  long,  and  3  broad,  and  is 
accounted  the  best  harbor  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Lake. 

SOLDIER'S  RIVER,  r.  La.  runs  into  the 
Missouri,  689  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

SOLOMON'S  RIVER,  La.  runs  into  the 
Kansas. 

SOLON,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  on  the  Ken- 
lebeck,  18  m.  N.  from  Norridgewock.  Pop. 
"68. 

SOLON,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  E. 
from  Homer,  132  W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,033. 

SOMERS,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  8  m.  E.  from 
Enfield,  24  NE.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  1,439. 

SOMERS,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  50  m.  N. 
from  New  York.  Pop.  1,997.  It  has  a  pleas 
ant  village,  which  contains  a  printing-office, 
and  has  some  trade. 

SOMERSET, co.  Me.  bounded  by  Kennebeck 
S.Oxford  W.  Lower  Canada  NW.  and  Penob- 
3B 


scot  E.  Pop.  in  1820,  21,787;  in  1830,  35,786. 
Chief  town,  Norridgewock.  This  co.  includes 
a  space  180  m.  long,  by  upwards  of  50  wide. 
The  principal  settlements  are  in  the  southern 
part,  on  Kennebeck  river,  but  a  great  portion 
is  yet  uninhabited. 

SOMERSET,  r.  Me.  which  joins  the  Ken 
nebeck,  at  Alna. 

SOMERSET,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  14  m. 
ENE.  from  Bennington.  Pop.  245. 

SOMERSET,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  13  m.  SSW. 
from  Taunton,  42  S.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,024. 

SOMERSET,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  N.  by  Mor 
ris  co.  E.  by  Essex  and  Middlesex  cos.  SE.  by 
Middlesex  co.  and  W.  by  Hunterdon  co.  Pop. 
17,689.  Chief  town,  Somerville. 

SOMERSET,  co.  S.  side  of  Pa.  bounded  N. 
by  Cambria  co.  E.  by  Bedford  co.  S.  by  Mary, 
land,  and  W.  by  Fayette  and  Westmoreland 
cos.  Pop.  17,441.  Somerset  is  the  capital. 

SOMERSET,  bor.  and  cap.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 
35  m.  W.  from  Bedford,  61  ESE.  from  Pitts- 
burg,  165  from  W.  Pop.  649.  It  is  a  pleas 
ant  town,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
and  a  meeting-house. 

SOMERSET,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Dela 
ware,  E.  by  Worcester  co.  S.  by  Pocomoke 
Bay,  W.  by  the  Chesapeake,  and  NW.  by  Dor 
chester  co.  Pop.  20,155.  Chief  town,  Prin 
cess  Anne. 

SOMERSET,  t.  and  cap.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  18 
m.  W.  from  Zanesville,  53  NE.  from  Chilli- 
cothe,  354  from  W.  Pop.  576. 

SOMERSET,  t.  and  cap.  Pulaski  co.  Ken. 
12  m.  SSE.  from  Stanford,  601  from  W.  Pop. 
231.  It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  country. 

SOMERSET,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,790. 

SOMERSET,  v.  Franklin  co.  In.  81  m.  SE. 
by  E.  from  Indianapolis. 

SOMERSET  FORGE,  v.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

SOMERSWORTH,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.H.  4 
m.  NE.  from  Dover,  and  15  NNW.  from  Ports 
mouth.  Pop.  3,090. 

SOMERTON,  v.  near  the  S.  boundary  of 
Nansemond  eo.  Va.  40  m.  SW.  from  Norfolk, 
and  124  SE.  from  Richmond. 

SOMERVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Som 
erset  co.  N.  J.  on  Raritan  river,  16  m.  above 
New  Brunswick,  and  38  N.  from  Trenton.  It 
has  a  delightful  situation,  in  a  fertile  and 
highly  cultivated  country,  and  has  a  hand 
some  appearance. 

SOMERVILLE,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va.  56  m. 
from  W.  and  133  a  little  W.  of  N.  from  Rich 
mond. 

SOMERVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  on 
Locust  Fork  of  Black  Warrior  or  Tusealoosa 
river,  Morgan  co.  Al.  about  50  m.  a  little  E. 
of  S.  from  Huntsville. 

SONORA  Y  SINALOA,  state  of  Mexico, 
bounded  E.  by  the  states  of  Chihuahua  and 
Durango,  SE.  and  S.  by  Jalisco,  W.  and  SW. 
by  the  Gulf  of  California,  and  N.  by  the  river 
Gila,  and  the  native  Indian  regions  of  Apa- 
cheria.  Length  from  N.  to  S.  1,340  m.  mean 
width  about  200,  area  268,000  sq.  mi.  The 
existing  white  and  civilized  population  of  tktt 


410 


SOR— SOU 


very  extensive  country  amounts,  it  is  mos 
probable,  to  less  than  200,000,  or  less  than 
single  person  to  the  sq.  m. 

SOREL,  t  L.  C.  on  St.  Lawrence  river,  im 
mediately  below  the  mouth  of  Sorel  river.  I 
is  a  regularly  built  town,  containing  abou 
2,000  inhabitants. 

SOREL,  r.  L.  C.  the  outlet  of  Lake  Cham 
plain.  It  admits  ship  navigation  to  St  John's 
From  thence  to  the  basin  of  Chambly,  the  cur 
rent  is  strong,  and  impeded  by  shoals  anc 
rapids ;  but  from  Chambly  to  the  mouth,  gentle 
The  distance  from  Lake  Champlain,  to  St 
John's,  about  20  m.  and  from  thence  to  the 
mouth  55  m.  It  is  the  channel  of  an  extensive 
down-stream  trade,  in  flour,  lumber,  pot  anc 
pearl  ashes. 

SOUCOOK,  r.  N.II.  rises  in  Gilmanton 
and  runs  SW.  into  the  Merrimack  river,  N 
of  Pembroke. 

SOUHEGAN,  r.  rises  in  W.  part  of  Hills 
borough  co.  N.  H.  and  runs  E.  into  the  Merri 
mack  river,  in  the  town  of  Merrimack,  oppo 
site  Litchfield. 

SOUTHAMPTON,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H 
18  m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  487. 

SOUTHAMPTON,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass 
9  m.  SW.  from  Northampton,  and  98  W.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,253.  In  this  town  there  is  a 
lead  mine.  The  ore  yields  from  50  to  60  per 
cent,  of  pure,  soft  lead. 

SOUTHAMPTON,  t.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on 
S.  side  of  Long  Island,  100  m.  E.  from  New 
York.  Pop.  4,850.  Sag  Harbor,  Westhamp- 
ton,  Southampton,  and  Bridge  Hampton,  in 
each  of  which  there  is  a  post-office,  are  in  this 
township. 

SOUTHAMPTON,  co.  SE.  part  of  Va 
bounded  NW.  by  Sussex  and  Surrey  cos.  E.  by 
Isle  of  Wight  and  Nansemond  cos.  S.  by  North 
Carolina,  and  SW.  by  Greensville  co.  Pop 
16,073.  Chief  town,  Jerusalem. 

SOUTH  BAINBRIDGE,  v.  Chenango  co, 
N.  Y.  on  Susquehannah  river,  17  m.  S.  from 
Norwich. 

SOUTH  BAY,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Long 
Island,  extending  from  Hempstead  to  South 
ampton. 

SOUTH  BAY,  an  arm  of  Lake  Champlain 
extending-  W.  ftom  the  S.  extremity. 

SOUTH  BERWICK,  t.  York  co.  Maine. 
Pop.  1,577. 

SOUTHBOROUGH,  t.  Worcester  eo.  Mass. 
18  m.  NNE.  from  Worcester,  and  28  W.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,080. 

SOUTH  BRIDGE,  t.  S.  part  of  Worcester 

co.  Mass.  54  m.  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,444. 

SOUTH  BRIDGEWATER,  t.  in  the  NW. 

part  of  Plymouth  eo.  Mass,  36  m.  SSE.  from 

Boston. 

SOUTHBUR  Y,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  22  m. 
NW.  from  New-Haven.  Pop.  1,557. 

SOUTH  CANAAN,  parish  in  the  town  of 
Canaan,  Litchfield'  co.  Ct.  on  Housatonnuc  r. 
20  m.  NNW.  from  Litchfield,  and  44  NW. 
by  W.  from  Hartford. 

SOUTH  CREEK,  r.  N.C.  runs  into  Pam- 
lico  Sound.  Lou.  76°  48'  W, ;  lat.  34°  54'  N. 


SOUTH-EAST,  t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  18  m. 
E.  from  West-Point.  Pop.  2,042. 

SOUTH  FLORENCE,  v.  in  the  northern 
part  of  Franklin  co.  Al. 

SOUTH  GATE,  v.  Campbell  co.  Ken.  81  m. 
NNE.  from  Frankfort. 

SOUTH  GERMAN,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 
15  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Norwich. 

SOUTH  GLASTONBURY,  t.  Hartford  co 
Ct.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Connecticut  river,  8  m. 
SE.  from  Hartford. 

SOUTH  HADLE Y,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  river,  5  m. 
below  Northampton.  A  fall  of  50  feet  in  the 
Connecticut  river  at  this  place,  has  been  over- 
come  by  a  dam  and  a  canal  of  712  perches  in 
length,  with  5  locks.  The  whole  canal  is  cut 
through  the  solid  rock.  Pop.  1,185.  It  con 
tains  a  flourishing  academy. 

SOUTH  HARPERSFIELD,  t.  Delaware 
co.  N.  Y.  on  the  head  of  Oquago,  branch  of 
Delaware  river,  96  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Al 
bany. 

SOUTH  HERO,  t.  Grand  Isle  co.  Vt.  on  an 
island  in  Lake  Champlain,  15  m.  NNW.  from 
Burlington.  Pop.  717. 

SOUTH  HILL,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

SOUTH  HILL,  v.  Muhlenburg  co.  Va. 

SOUTH  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Pa.  on  the  W 
side  of  Adams  co. 

SOUTHINGTON,  t  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 

SOUTHINGTON.  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  18  m. 
SW.  from  Hartford,  325  from  W.  Pop.  1,844. 

SOUTH  KILLINGLY,  v.  Windham  co. 
Ct.  45  m.  E.  from  Hartford. 

SOUTH  KINGSTON,  t.  and  seat  of  jus 
tice,  Washington  co.  R.  I.  at  the  mouth  of 
Narraganset  bay,  20  m.  SW.  from  Providence, 
389  from  W.  Pop.  3,663. 

SOUTH  KORTRIGHT,  t  Delaware  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  head  of  Charlotte  river,  branch  of 
the  Susquehannah,  situated  between  Harpers- 
field  and  Broomville. 

SOUTH  LEICESTER,  t.  Worcester  co. 
Mass,  on  the  head  of  French  river,  branch  of 
Quinebaug  river,  10  m.  SW.  from  Worcester. 

SOUTH  NEW  BERLIN,  t.  Chenango  co. 
V.  Y.  on  the  Susquehannah  river,  below  New 
Berlin,  and  10  m.  NE.  from  Norwich. 

SOUTHOLD,  t.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on  NE 
part  of  Long  Island.  Pop.  2,900. 

SOUTH  ORANGE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass, 
m  Miller's  river,  20  m.  E.  from  Greenfield, 
and  73  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Boston. 

SOUTH  PARIS,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  47  m 
NNW.  from  Portland. 

SOUTH  PEMBROKE,  t.  on  the  western 
xwder  of  Genesee  co.  N.  Y  30  m.  E.  from  Buf 
falo,  and  12  SW.  from  Batavia. 

SOUTH  QUAY,  v.  Nansemond  co.  Va. 
SOUTH  RIVER,  r.  Md.  runs  into  theChes- 
peake,  6  m.  S.  from  Annapolis. 

SOUTH  RIVER,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  32 
n.  from  Trenton. 

SOUTH  RIVER,  small  bay,  extending  NW. 
rom  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  in  Ann-Arundel  co. 
Md.  6  m.  S.  from  Annapolis. 
SOUTH  RUTLAND,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.Y, 


SOU— SPR 


411 


on  the  head  of  Sandy  creek,  15  in.  SE.  by  E. 
from  Sacket's  Harbor. 

SOUTH  SALEM,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
about  50  m.  N.  by  E.  from  New  York.  Pop. 
1,557. 

SOUTH  SANDWICH,  t  Barnstable  co. 
Mass,  situate  on  the  western  border  of  the  co, 
between  Sandwich  and  Marchpee,  60  m.  SSE. 
from  Boston. 

SOUTH  SCITUATE,t.  Providence  co.  R.  I. 
12  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Providence. 

SOUTH  SOLON,  t  on  Kennebeck  r.  Som 
erset  co.  Me.  40  m.  N.  from  Augusta,  and  103 
a  little  E.  of  N.  from  Portland. 

SOUTH  SPARTA,  v.  near  the  southern 
boundary  of  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  30  m.  SW. 
from  Canandaigua. 

SOUTH  TAMWORTH,  t.  in  the  northern 
part  of  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  Bear  Camp  creek 
of  Ossipee  lake,  65  m.  NNE.  from  Concord. 

SOUTHVILLE,  v.  St  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

SOUTHWICK,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  Pop. 
1,855. 

SOUTHWOLD,  t.  Middlesex  co.  U.  C.  on 
Lake  Erie. 

SOUTH  YARMOUTH,  v.  Barnstable  co. 
Mass. 

SP AFFORD,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  on  E. 
side  of  Skeneateles  Lake,  13  m.  S.  from  Onon 
daga,  Pop.  2,647. 

SP  AFFORD'S  LAKE,  in  Chesterfield,  N.  H. 
It  is  2  miles  long. 

SPAGGOT,  r.  rises  in  N.  H.  and  runs  into 
the  Merrimack,  in  Methuen. 

SPANISH  GROVE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co. 
Virginia. 

SPARTA,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  25  m.  SW. 
from  Canandaigua.  Pop.  1,943. 

SPARTA,  t.  and  cap.  Hancock  co.  Geo.  25 
in.  NE.  from  Milledgeville,  64  SW.  from  Au 
gusta,  618  from  W.  It  is  a  flourishing  town, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  Methodist 
meeting-house,  and  2  respectable  academies. 

SPARTA,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  White  co. 
Ten.  on  Calfkiller's  fork  of  Craney  river,  65  m. 
E.  from  Murfreesborough,  75  SE.  by  E.  from 
Nashville,  623  from  W. 

SPARTA,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Conecuh 
co.  Al.  on  Murder  creek,  branch  of  Coneeuh  r. 
about  70  m.  a  little  E.  of  N.  from  Pensacola, 
90  NE.  from  Mobile,  971  from  W. 

SPARTANBURG,  district,  S.  C.  bounded 
by  N.  Carolina  N.  York  and  Union  districts  E. 
Enoree  river  or  Laurens  S.  and  Greenville  W. 
Length  40  m.  mean  width  22.  Chief  town, 
Spartanburg.  Pop.  in  1820, 16,989 ;  in  1830, 
21,148. 

SPARTANBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Spartanburg 
district,  S.  C.  35  m.  NE.  from  Greenville,  477 
from  W. 

SPEEDSVILLE,  v.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 

SPEEDWELL,  v.  Claiborne  co.  Ten.  200 
m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

SPEEDWELL  MILLS,  v.  Barnweli  dis 
trict,  S.  C. 

SPEIGHTSTOWN,  s-p.  of  Barbadoes,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  island.  Lon.  58°  31'  W. ; 
lat.  133  15'  N. 


SPEIGLETOWN,  v.  iu  the  N  W.  corner  of 
Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 

SPENCER,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Ohio  r.  S. 
Warwick  co.  W.  Dubois  N.  and  Perry  E.; 
length  30  m.  breadth  12.  It  is  generally  hilly 
and  broken,  but  the  soil  is  very  good.  Chief 
town,  Rockport  Pop.  in  1820, 1,882;  in  1830, 
3,187. 

SPENCER,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Owen  co. 
In.  on  a  small  creek  of  White  river,  about  50 
m.  SW.  from  Indianapolis,  624  from  W. 

SPENCER,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  11  m. 
WSW.  from  Worcester,  51  WSW.  from  Bos- 
ton.  Pop.  1,618. 

SPENCER,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  54  m,  S.  from 
Auburn,  191  WSW.  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,253. 

SPENCER  MOUNTAINS  mts.  Me.  10m. 
E.  of  Moosehead  Lake. 

SPENCERTOWN,  v.  in  Hillsdale,  N.  Y. 

SPITHEAD  CREEK,  r.  America,  runs  into 
the  Ohio. 

SPLIT-ROCK  CREEK,  r.  La.  runs  into 
the  Missouri,  170  m.  W.  from  Mississippi. 

SPOON,  r.  II.  rises  between  the  Illinois  and 
Mississippi  rivers,  at  Lat  41°  20'  N.  and  falls 
into  the  former  150  m.  above  its  influx  into  the 
Mississippi. 

SPOTS  WOOD,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  9  m. 
SE.  from  New  Brunswick.  It  contains  an 
Episcopal  church,  a  powder-mill,  2  snufl-niills, 
and  upwards  of  30  houses. 

SPOTSYLVANIA,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by 
the  Rappahannock,  SE.  by  Caroline  co.  SSW 
by  Hanover  and  Louisa  cos.  and  NW.  by 
Orange  co.  Pop.  15,227.  Chief  town,  Fred- 
ericksburg. 

SPREAD  EAGLE,  v.  Delaware  co.  Pa. 

SPRIGG,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,739. 

SPRINGBOROUGH,  v.  Warren  co.  Ohio. 
SW.  from  Columbus. 

SPRING  CREEK,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,061. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
930. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,207. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t  Loudon  co.  Va. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Va.  on 
S.  branch  of  the  Potomac,  10  m.  NE.  from 
Romney,  58  WNW.  from  Winchester. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  Washington 
co.  Ken.  30  m.  NW.  from  Danville,  600  from 
W.  Pop.  618.  It  contains  a  bank. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  Robertson  co. 
Ten.  on  Sulphur  Fork,  25  m.  N.  from  Nash 
ville.  Pop.  700.  Fourteen  miles  E.  of  this  town 
there  is  a  mineral  spring,  which  is  much  re 
sorted  to. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t  Windsor  co.  Vt  on  the 
Connecticut,  opposite  Charlestown,  13  m.  SSW 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  2,749. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.  3fe 
m.  NW.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,202. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  12  m. 
NE.  from  Cooperstown,  58  W.  from  Albany 
Pop.  2,816. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  15  m 
SW.  from  N.  Y.  Pop.  1,653. 


412 


SPR— STA 


SPRINGFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  Hampden  co. 
Mass,  on  E.  side  of  the  Connecticut,  18  m.  S. 
from 'Northampton,  28  N.  from  Hartford,  48 
WSW.  from  Worcester,  88  W.  by  S.  from 
Boston,  363  from  W.  Lon.  72°  36'  W. ;  lat. 
42°  6'  N.  Pop.  6,784.  It  contains  a  number 
of  public  buildings  and  manufactories,  2  pub 
lic  libraries,  and  a  great  number  of  elegant 
houses.  The  U.  S.  arsenal,  a  little  east  of  the 
village,  makes  an  imposing  show.  An  U.  S. 
manufactory  of  small-arms  is  situated  about  a 
mile  from  the  arsenal,  employing  a  number  of 
mills  and  work-shops,  and  about  250  hands, 
who  manufacture  about  18,000  muskets  a-year. 
This  town  contains  also  extensive  manufacto 
ries  of  cotton  goods,  paper,  &c. 

SPRINGFIELD,  West,  t.  Hampden  co. 
Mass,  on  W.  side  of  the  Connecticut,  opposite 
Springfield.  Pop.  3,272.  This  is  a  pleasant 
and  valuable  agricultural  town,  and  contains 
4  parishes,  in  each  of  which  is  a  meeting 
house 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  18 
m.  from  Trenton.  Pop.  1,534. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  12 
m.  N.  from  Cincinnati.  Pop.  3,025. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Clarke  co.  Ohio,  13  m. 
S.  from  Urbana,  42  W.  from  Columbus.  Pop. 
2,602.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  contains 
a  woollen  manufactory. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  2,030. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.  Pop, 
1,041. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  La.  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Helena,  about  30  m.  WNW.  from  Madison- 
ville. 

SPRINGFIELD,  v.  York  district,  S.  C. 

SPRINGFIELD,  v.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 
49  m.  from  W. 

SPRING  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  coast 
of  S  Carolina.  Lat.  32°  22'  N. 

SPRING  PLACE,  a  Moravian  missionary 
station  among  the  Cherokees,  35  m.  SE.  from 
Bramerd,  120  NW.  from  Athens.  A  consid 
erable  number  of  Cherokee  children  have  been 
educated  at  this  place. 

SPRINGVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  N.C. 

SPRINGV1LLE,  t.  Clarke  co.  In.  Pop 
1,754. 

SPRING  GARDEN,  v.  Pittsylvania,  Va. 
130  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Richmond. 

SPRING  GARDEN,  v.  Rockingham  co. 
N.  C.  113  m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

SPRING  GROVE,  v.  Iredell  co.  N.  C.  195 
m.  westerly  from  Raleigh. 

SPRING  GROVE,  v.  Laurens  district,  S.  C. 
65  m.  northwesterly  from  Columbia. 

SPRING-HILL,  v.  Fauquier  oo.  Va. 

SPRING-HILL,  v.  Louisa  co.  Va. 

SPRING-HILL,  t.  Clarke  co.  In.  Pop. 
1,561. 

SPRING-HILL,  v.  Chesterfield  co.  Va. 

SPRING-HILL,  v.  Lenoir  co.  N.  C. 

SPRING-HILL,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Geo. 

SQUAM,  lake,  N.  H.  in  Sandwich,  Moul- 
tonborough,  Centre  Harbor,  and  Holderness,  6 
m.  long,  and  4  broad. 


SQUAM,  r.  N.  H.  ran*  from  Squam  Lake 
SW.  into  the  Merrimack. 

SQUANICOOK,  r.  Mass,  runs  SE.  into  the 
Nashua,  E.  of  Shirley. 

STAATSBURG,  v.  in  Clinton,  N.  Y.  10  m 
N.  from  Poughkeepsie. 

STAFFORD,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  9  m.  NE 
from  Tolland,  27  NE.  from  Hartford,  73  WSW 
from  Boston.  Pop.  2,514.  It  contains  a  fur 
nace  for  casting  hollow-ware,  and  a  famous 
chalybeate  spring,  with  good  accommodations 
for  visitors.  Its  waters  have  proved  beneficial 
m  a  variety  of  diseases,  and  are  resorted  to  by 
those  afflicted  with  dropsy,  gout,  rheumatism, 
piles,  scrofula,  cutaneous  eruptions,  &c. 

STAFFORD,  t.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
2,059. 

STAFFORD,  co.  NE.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Prince  William  co.  NE.  by  the  Poto 
mac  and  Prince  George  co.  S.  by  the  Rappa- 
hannock,  and  W.  by  Culpeper  and  Fauquier 
cos.  Pop.  9,362.  Chief  town,  Falmouth. 

STAFFORD,  v.  Orange  co.  Vt.  45  m.  NE. 
from  Rutland. 

STAFFORD,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  a 
little  S.  of  E.  from  Batavia,  and  about  30  SW, 
from  Rochester.  Pop.  2,367. 

STAFFORD,  C.  H.  Stafford  co.  Va.  47  m. 
SSW.  from  W.  and  76  a  little  E.  of  N.  from 
Richmond. 

STAGE  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  coast 
of  Maine,  not  far  from  Casco  Bay,  remarkable 
for  being  the  first  land  inhabited  by  Europe 
ans  in  New  England. 

STAGVILLE,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

STAGVILLE,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  C. 

STAMFORD,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  12  m. 
SE.  from  Bennington.  Pop.  563. 

STAMFORD,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  Long 
Island  Sound,  9  m.  SW.  from  Norwalk,  31  NE. 
from  N.  Y.  40  SW.  from  New  Haven.  Pop. 
3,795.  It  contains  4  parishes  and  6  churches 

STAMFORD,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  15  m, 
ENE.  from  Delhi.  Pop.  1,597. 

STANFORD,  t.  and  cap.  Lincoln  co.  Ken. 
10  m.  SSE.  from  Danville,  40  SSW.  from  Lex 
ington,  567  from  W.  Pop.  363.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  a  rope-walk. 

STANFORD,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  18  m. 
NE.  from  Poughkeepsie.  Pop.  2,521.  It  is  a 
valuable  township,  and  contains  several  paper- 
mills,  and  other  valuable  mills. 

STANFORDVILLE,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
87  m.  SE.  from  Albany. 

STANHOPE,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J. 

STANNARDSVILLE,  t.  Orange  co.  Va.  23 
m.  N.  by  W.  from  Charlottesville,  and  95  NW. 
from  Richmond. 

STANTON  HILL,  v.  Charlotte  co.  Va. 

STANTONSBURG,  v.  Edgecombe  co.  N.C. 

STAR  ISLAND,  one  of  the  Isles  of  Shoals, 
belonging  to  Maine. 

STARK,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  Portage, 
E.  by  Columbiana,  S.  by  Tuscarawas,  and  W. 
by  Wayne.  Length  33  m.  width  30.  Pop.  in 
1820,  14,506 ;  in  1830,  26,780.  Chief  town, 
Canton. 

STARKEY,  v.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 


STA— STO 


413 


STARKS,  t  Somerset  co.  Me.  7  m.  W.  from 
Norridgewock,  and  200  NNE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,471. 

STARKSBOROUGH,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  28 
m.  W.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,342. 

STARR,  t.  Hocking  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  295. 

STATEN  ISLAND,  isl.  belonging  to  New 
York,  and  forming  the  county  of  Richmond. 
It  is  about  18  m.  in  length,  and,  where  widest, 
8  in  breadth.  The  island  in  general  is  rough, 
and  the  hills  high.  Pop.  7,084. 

STATESBOROUGH,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Bullock  co.  Geo.  45  m.  NW.  from  Savannah. 

STATESBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Claremont  dis 
trict,  S.  C.,  E.  of  the  Wateree,  30  m.  S.  from 
Camden,  470  from  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  and  a  few  houses, 

STATESVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Iredell  co.  N.C. 
24  m.  WSW.  from  Salisbury,  398  from  W.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  a 
church,  and  about  50  houses. 

STAUNTON,  t.  and  cap.  Augusta  co.  Va. 
40  m.  WNW.  from  Charlottesville,  95  SW. 
from  Winchester,  120  WNW.  from  Richmond, 
163  from  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  in  a 
healthy  part  of  the  country,  regularly  laid  out, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy, 
3  churches,  and  nearly  2,000  inhabitants. 

STAUNTON,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Miami,  1  m.  E.  from  Troy.  Pop.  1,081. 

STAUNTON,  a  principal  branch  of  the 
Roanoke,  Va.  It  rises  on  W.  side  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  there  has  the  name  of  Roanoke,  but 
after  its  passage  through  the  Blue  Ridge,  it 
takes  the  name  of  Staunton,  which  it  retains 
to  its  junction  with  the  Dan,  on  the  W.  border 
of  Mecklenburg  co. 

STEDMANSVILLE,  v.  Meigs  co.  Ohio. 

STEPHENTOWN,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 
22  m.  SE.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,716. 

STERLING,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  30  m. 
NNW.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  183. 

STERLING,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  5  m. 
W.  by  S.  from  Lancaster,  12  N.  from  Worces 
ter,  44  W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,789.  It  is  a 
valuable  agricultural  town,  and  .has  a  consid 
erable  village. 

STERLING,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  4  m.  E. 
from  Plainfield,  and  18  NE.  from  Norwich. 
Pop.  1,240. 

STERLING,  NW.  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.Y. 
Pop.  1,436. 

STERLING,  v.  Wayne  co.  Pa.  156  m.  NE. 
from  Harrisburg. 

STERLINGVILLE,  t.  Granville  co.  N.C. 

STEUBEN,  t.  Washington  co.  Me.  on  the 
Naraguagus  river,  311  m.  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  695. 

STEUBEN,  co.  N.Y.  bounded  N.  by  Onta 
rio  co.  E.  by  Seneca  Lake,  and  Tioga  co.  S.  by 
Pennsylvania,  and  W.  by  Alleghany  co.  Pop. 
33,975.  Chief  town,  Bath. 

STEUBEN,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  N. 
from  Utica.  Pop.  2,094.  Baron  Steuben  died 
in  this  town  in  1796,  and  here  his  ashes  repose, 
without  a  stone  to  direct  the  passenger  to  the 
spot. 

STEUBENVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Jefferson  co. 


Ohio,  on  the  Ohio,  69  m.  by  the  river,  oelow 
Pittsburg,  38  by  land,  109  above  Marietta,  25 
NE,  from  St.  Clairsville,  150  E.  by  N.  from 
blumbus.  Lon.  8°  40'  W. ;  lat.  40°  25'  N. 
Pop.  2,937.  It  is  a  very  flourishing  town, 
with  many  fine  buildings,  four  handsome 
churches,  and  a  large  number  of  manufactur 
ing  establishments,  such  as  woollen  and  cot 
ton  factories,  furnaces,  paper-mills,  &c.  mostly 
propelled  by  steam.  Also  an  academy,  two 
banks,  and  a  printing-office. 

STEWART,  NW.  co.  Ten.  E.  on  Tenner 
see  river,  bounded  by  Ken.  NE.  Montgomery 
co.  Ten.  E.  Dickson  co.  SE.  Humphreys  S.  and 
Tennessee  river,  or  Henry  co.  W.  Length  22 
m.  mean  width  20.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,388 ;  m 
1830,  6,988.  Chief  town,  Dover. 

STEWARTSTOWN,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on 
the  Connecticut,  40  m.  N.  from  Lancaster,  and 
460  from  W.  Pop.  529. 

STEWARTSVILLE,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  60 
m.  N.  from  Trenton. 

STEWARTSVILLE,  v.  in  the  W.  part  of 
Westmoreland  co.  Pa.  on  the  road  from  Greens- 
burg  to  Pittsburg,  12  m.  from  the  former,  and 
14  from  the  latter  place. 

STILL  VALLEY,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

STILL  WATER,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Hudson,  22  m.  N.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  2,601.  Bemas's  Heights  are  in  this  town 
ship,  3  m.  N.  of  the  village.  This  place  is 
memorable  for  a  battle  fought  on  the  19th  of 
September,  1777,  between  the  Americans  and 
British. 

STILLWATER,  r.  Ohio,  runs  SE.  into  the 
Great  Miami,  above  Dayton,  and  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Mad  river. 

STOCK,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio.   Pop.  1,066- 

STOCKBRIDGE,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  32 
m.  NW.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,333. 

STOCKBRIDGE,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  6 
m.  S.  from  Lenox,  12  S.  from  Pittsfield,  130 
W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,580.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Housatonnuc,  is  a  pleasant  town,  and 
contains  a  printing-office  and  several  cotton 
and  woollen  manufactories.  There  is  a  quarry 
of  marble  in  this  town. 

STOCKBRIDGE,  West,  t.  Berkshire  co. 
Mass.  10  m.  SSW.  from  Lenox,  135  W.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,208.  Here  are  very  valuable 
quarries  of  white  and  blue  marble,  and  an 
iron  mine. 

STOCKHOLM,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
30  m.  E.  from  Ogdensburg.  Pop.  1,944. 

STOCKTON,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  10  m. 
a  little  W.  of  S.  from  Fredonia,  and  60  m. 
SW.  from  Buffalo.  Pop.  1,604. 

STOOD ARD,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.H.  14  m. 
NE.  from  Keene,  44  WSW.  from  Concord. 
Pop,  1,159. 

STODDERTSVILLE,  v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

STOKES,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Virginia  N. 
Rockingham  and  Guilford  cos.  N.  C.  E.  Row 
an  S.  and  Surrey  W.  Length  40  m.  width 
24.  Chief  town,  Salem.  Pop.  16,196. 

STOKES,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  C.  neai 
the  Yadkin. 

STOKES,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  560 


414                                                STO—  S(JF 

STOKESBURY,  v.  Stokes  co.  N.  C.  140 

North  Mountain,  9  m.  NNW.  from  Chamberi- 

m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

burg,  145  m.  W.  from  Philadelphia. 

STONE  CREEK,  r.  Mississippi,  runs  into 

STRASBURG,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  8  m. 

the  Mississippi,  lat.  32°  8'  N. 

SE.  from  Lancaster,  58  W.  from  Philadelphia, 

STONEHAM,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  9  m. 

116  from  W.    Pop.  4,036.     It  is  a  pleasant 

N.  from  Boston.     Pop.  732. 

and  considerable  town.     The  village  is  built 

STONE'S  RIVER,  r.  Ten.  runs  NW.  into 

chiefly  of  brick  and  stone. 

the  Cumberland,  6  m.  above  Nashville. 

STRASBURG,  v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va.  12 

STONE  FORT,  v.  Franklin  co.  Ten. 

m.  NNE.  from  Woodstock,  88  from  W.    It 

STONESBOROUGH,  v.  Greene  co.  Ken. 

contains  about  60  houses. 

STONEWALL  CREEK,  r.  N.  America, 

STRATFORD,  t.  Coos  co.  N  H.,  E.  of  the 

runs  into  the  Missouri,  just  above  the  natural 

Connecticut,  18  m.  N.  from  Lancaster.    Pop. 

stone-walls,  95  m.  below  the  Great  Falls. 

443. 

STONINGTON,  s-p.  New  London  co.  Ct. 

STRATFORD,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct  on  W. 

12  m.  E.  from   New  London.    Pop.  of  the 

side  of  Stratford  river,  near  its  mouth,  14  m. 

township,  3,401.    The  harbor  sets  up  from  the 

SW.  from  New  Haven.     Pop.  1,807.     It  is  a 

Sound,  opposite  Fisher's  Island.    It  borders  on 

pleasant  town,  and  has  an  academy  and  some 

Rhode  Island,  and  is  a  place  of  some  trade. 

trade. 

This  town  was   bombarded  by  the   British, 

STRATHAM,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  8 

without  effect,  Aug.  8,  1814.     It  is  a  place  of 

m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth.     Pop.  838. 

some  resort  for  sea-bathing,  during  the  sum 

STRATTON,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  23  m. 

mer. 

NE.  from  Bennington.     Pop.  312. 

STONINGTON,  North,  t.  New  London  co. 

STRAWBERRY  RIVER,  r.  NW.  Territo 

Ct  9  m.  N.  from  Stonington.    Pop.  2,840. 

ry,  runs  into  Lake  Superior,  W.  of  Goddard's 

STONO  INLET,  r.  or  channel,  S.  C.  which 

river. 

separates  the  islands  of  James  and  John,  and 

STRONG,  t  Somerset  co.  Me.  24  m.  NW. 

runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Ion.  80°  3'  W.  ;  lat.  38° 

from  Norridgewock,  308  NNE.  from  Boston. 

41'  N. 

Pop.  985. 

STONY  BROOK,  v.  Brookhaven,  N.  Y.  3 

STUARTSBURG,  v.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

m.  E.  from  Sautucket. 

STUART'S  LAKE,  N.  America,  W.  of  the 

STONY  ISLAND,  isl.  in  E.  end  of  Lake 

Chippewan  mountains.     It  is  but  imperfectly 

Ontario,  SW.  from  Sacket's  Harbor. 

known,  but  represented  as  300  m.  in  circum 

STONY  POINT,  v.  Albemarle  co.  Va. 

ference.     The  NW.  Company  have  a  fort  on 

!.!-.      1             1                   A       t      A          r  4r\     f\f\f    TkT                   1      1                 <4OO    llf 

STONY  POINT,  v.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C.|its  banks,  at  lat.  54°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  48°  W. 


STONY  POINT,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
river  Hudson,  40  m.  above  New  York.  For 
merly  a  military  post;  was  taken  by  storm 
from  the  British  by  Gen,  Anthony  Wayne,  in 
the  war  of  the  Revolution,  July  16,  1779. 

STORMVILLE,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 

STOUGHTON,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  15  m. 
S.  from  Boston. 

STOUGSTOWN,  v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  45 
m.  westerly  from  Harrisburg. 

STOUTS,  v.  Washington  co.  Miso. 

STOW,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  22  m.  NNW. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,570. 

STOW,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  30  m.  W. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  1,221. 

STOW,  t  Portage  co.  Ohio. 

STOW  CREEK,  r.  N.  J.  runs  into  the 
Delaware. 

STOW  CREEK,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 
on  Stow  creek.  Pop.  791. 

STOWSVILLE,  v.  Lincoln  co.  N.  C.  185 
m.  westerly  from  Raleigh. 

STRAFFORD,  co.  E.  part  of  N.  H.  bounded 
N  by  Coos  co.  E.  by  Maine,  SW.  by  Rocking 
ham  co.  and  W.  by  Graflon  co.  Pop.  58,916. 
Chief  towns,  Dover,  Gilmanton,  Rochester,  and 
Durham. 

STRAFFORD,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt  35  m.  N. 


from  Windsor, 
tensive 


Pop.  1,935.     Here  is  an  ex- 

isive  copperas  manufactory. 

STRAFFORD,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  15 
m.  NW.  from  Johnstown.  Pop.  552. 

STRAIGHT  CREEK,  r.  N.  America,  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  Ion.  84°  2'  W. ;  lat.  38°  38'  N. 

STRASBURG,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  E.  of 


from  W. 

STUMPSTOWN,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  a 
branch  of  the  little  Swatara,  24  m.  ENE.  from 
Harrisburg. 

STURBRIDGE,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18 
m.  SW.  from  Worcester,  58  SW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,688.  It  is  watered  by  the  Quinebaug, 
and  the  turnpike  from  Worcester  to  Hartford 
passes  through  the  town. 

STURGEON,  bay  of  Green  Bay,  setting  up 
SE.  towards  Lake  Michigan,  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Menomonie  river,  and  45  m.  NNE. 
from  the  mouth  of  Fox  river. 

SUCCESS,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  Hampshire,  E.  of 
the  Androscoggin,  23  m.  E.  from  Lancaster 
Pop.  14. 

SUCK  CREEK,  r.  Ten.  runs  into  the  Ten 
nessee,  at  the  Whirl. 

SUCKASUNNY,  v.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  It  i* 
a  pleasant  village,  and  contains  a  Presbyterian 
meeting-house,  and  an  academy. 

SUDBURY,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  53  m.  SW 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  812. 

SUDBURY,  t  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  22  m. 
W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,424. 

SUDBURY,  East,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
18  m.  W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  944. 

SUFFIELD,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on  W.  bank 
of  the  Connecticut,  11  m.  S,  from  Springfield, 
17  N.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  2,690.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  considerable  town,  and  contains 
several  churches  for  Presbyterians  and  Bap 
tists.  Here  is  a  mineral  spring  considerably 
resorted  to. 

SUFFIELD,  southern  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio. 


SUF— SUR 


415 


SUFFOLK,  co.  Mass,  comprising  only  the 
towns  of  Boston  and  Chelsea,  which  see.  This 
county  comprises  only  a  very  small  spot  on 
the  continent,  Boston  peninsula,  and  the  islands 
in  the  harbor.  Pop.  in  1820, 43,941 ;  in  1830, 
62,162. 

SUFFOLK,  co.  N.Y.  comprising  the  E. 
part  of  Long  Island,  bounded  by  Queen's  W. 
Long  Island  Sound  N.  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
NEM  E.  and  S.  Length  80  m.  mean  width  8. 
Soil  of  the  whole  county  rather  sterile.  Chief 
towns,  River-head,  Sag  Harbor,  and  South- 
ampton.  Pop.  in  1820,  24,272;  in  1830, 
26,980. 

SUFFOLK,  C.  H.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y. 

SUFFOLK,  t.  and  cap.  Nansemond  co.  Va. 
on  the  river  Nansemond,  30  SW.  from  Hamp 
ton,  85  SE.  from  Richmond,  220  from  W.  It 
contains  a  court-house  and  a  jail.  The  river 
is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels  of  250 
tons. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  E.  into  the 
E.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  about  6  m. 
above  Towanda  creek. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  SW.  t.  of  Stark  co.Ohio. 
Pop.  1,261. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio, 
in  which  is  the  town  of  Shanesville.  Pop. 
982. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  t.  Green  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,177. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  t  Wayne  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
948. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  joins  the  Little 
Miami,  above  Waynesville. 

SUGAR  RIVER,  r.  Michigan,  runs  into 
Saganaum  Bay. 

SUGAR  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  runs  from  the 
Sunapee  Lake  into  the  Connecticut,  in  Clare- 
mont. 

SUGGSVILLE,  v.  Clarke  co.  Al.  12  m.  from 
Claibcrne. 

SULLIVAN,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  at  the 
head  of  Frenchman's  Bay,  30  m.  E.  from  Cas- 
tine,  280  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  538. 

SULLIVAN,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  6  m. 
NNE.  from  Keene,  48  WSW.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  555. 

SULLIVAN,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  NW.  by 
Delaware  co.  NE.  by  Ulster  co.  S.  by  Orange 
co.  and  SW.  by  the  Delaware,  which  separates 
it  from  Pennsylvania.  Pop.  12,372.  Chief 
town,  Monticello. 

SULLIVAN,  t.  Madison  co.  N.Y.  on  S. 
side  of  Oneida  Lake.  Pop.  4,077.  Gypsum 
and  iron  ore  are  found  here. 

SULLIVAN,  co.  NE.  part  of  East  Tennes 
see.  Pop.  10,073.  Chief  town,  Blountsville. 

SULLIVAN  ISLAND,  isl.  at  the  mouth  of 
Ashley  and  Cooper  rivers,  6  m.  below  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  This  island  is  much  resorted  to  by 
the  people  of  Charleston  during  the  summer 
months. 

SULLIVAN'S  MOUNTAINS,  in  N.  H. 
extending  from  Cockburne  to  the  White  Moun 
tains,  about  2,000  feet  high. 

SULPHUR  CREEK,  branch  of  Green  r.  in 
Kentucky. 


SUMANYSTOWN,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
33  m.  NNW.  from  Philadelphia. 

SUMMERFIELD,  v.  Guilford  co.  N.  C. 

SUMMIT  BRIDGE,  v.  Newcastle  co.  Del. 

SUMMITSVILLE,  v.  Sullivan  co.  N.Y. 

SUMNER,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  6  m.  NE.  from 
Paris,  170  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,099. 

SUMNER,  co.  on  N.  side  of  West  Tennes- 
see.  Pop.  20,606.  Chief  town,  Gallatin. 

SUMPTER,  district  of  S.  C.  bounded  by 
Santee  river  or  Charleston  district  S.  Santee 
river  or  Orangeburg  SW.  Wateree  river  or 
Richland  W.  Kershaw  NW.  Lynch's  creek, 
river,  or  Darlington  NE.  and  Williamsburg 
N.  Length  50,  mean  width  30  m.  Black 
river,  branch  of  Great  Pedee,  takes  its  rise  in 
this  district.  The  canal  connecting  Santee 
river  with  Charleston  harbor  leaves  the  Santee, 
nearly  opposite  to  the  SE.  angle  of  Sumner. 
Chief  town,  Sumpterville.  Pop.  in  1820, 25,369 ; 
in  1830,  28,278. 

SUMPTERVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Sumpter  district,  S.  C.  on  the  dividing  ground 
between  the  two  main  branches  of  Black  river, 
about  100  m.  a  little  W.  of  N.  from  Charleston. 

SUMTERSVILLE,  v.  Claremont  co.  S.  C. 

SUNAPEE,  lake,  N.  H.  in  Fishersfield, 
Wendell,  and  New  London.  It  is  11  m.  long, 
and  1£  broad.  Little  Sunapee,  2  m.  long,  lies 
NE.  of  it,  in  New  London. 

SUNAPEE,  mt  N.  H.,  S.  of  Sunapee  Lake. 

SUNBURY,  bor.  and  cap.  Northumberland 
co.  Pa.  on  the  Susquehannah,  1  m.  below  the 
junction  of  the  E.  and  W.  branches,  2  m.  S. 
from  Northumberland,  56  N.  from  Harrisburg, 
122  NW.  by  W.  from  Philadelphia,  162  from 
W.  Pop.  1,057.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  a  Presbyte 
rian  and  a  Lutheran  church,  which  are  all 
handsome  and  spacious  structures. 

SUNBURY,  t  Gates  co.  N.C. 

SUNBURY,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  828. 

SUNBURY,  s-p.  Liberty  co.  Geo.  at  the 
head  of  St.  Catherine's  Sound,  42  m.  SSW. 
from  Savannah.  The  harbor  is  safe  and  com 
modious,  and  the  situation  of  the  town  is 
pleasant  and  healthy.  Planters  from  the  coun 
try  resort  here  in  the  sickly  season. 

SUNCOOK,  r.  N.  H.  runs  SW.  into  the 
Merrimack,  7  m.  below  Concord. 

SUNDERLAND,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  20 
m.  NNE.  from  Bennington.  Pop.  463. 

SUNDERLAND,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  E. 
of  the  Connecticut,  8  m.  S.  from  Greenfield, 
90  W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  666. 

SUNFISH  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  22  m.  below  Indian  Wheeling. 

SUNFISH,  t.  Pike  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  568. 

SURREY,  N.  C.  bounded  by  Va.  N.  Stokes 
co.  in  N.  C.  E.  Rowan  and  Iredell  S.  and 
Wilkes  and  Ashe  W.  It  is  drained  by  the  ex 
treme  northern  sources  of  the  Yadkin.  Sur 
face  hilly,  and  in  part  mountainous.  Chief 
town,  Rockford.  Pop.  in  1820,  12,320;  in 
1830,  14,501. 

SURREY,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  8  m.  NNW. 
from  Keene,  62  WSW,  from  Concord.  Pop, 
539 


416 


SUR— TAB 


SURREY,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  18  m.  NE. 
from  Castine,  257  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  561. 

SURREY,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  Prince 
George  co.  and  James  river,  SE.  by  Isle  of 
Wight  and  Southampton  cos.  and  SW.  by  Sus 
sex  co.  Pop.  7,108. 

SURREY,  C.  H.  Surrey  co.  Va.  64  ra.  SE. 
by  E.  from  Richmond. 

SUSQUEHANNAH,  v.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 

SUSQUEHANNAH,  the  largest  r.  of  Pa. 
which  is  formed  by  the  E.  and  W.  branches. 
The  E.  rises  in  Otsego  Lake,  N.  Y.  and  the 
W.  in  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  They  unite  at 
Northumberland.  The  river  then  runs  SE. 
into  the  head  of  the  Chesapeake  in  Md,  It  is 
1|  m.  wide  at  its  mouth,  but  is  navigable  only 
5  m.  for  sloops.  Although  this  river  carries 
considerably  more  water  than  either  the  Hud 
son  or  Connecticut,  it  is  of  no  advantage  at  all 
for  the  purposes  of  navigation,  except  at  high 
water,  and  then  only  down  stream.  At  its 
floods,  immense  quantities  of  lumber  and  pro 
duce  are  conveyed  down  in  rafts,  arks,  &c.  the 
most  of  them  from  the  state  of  N.  Y.  It  is  a 
remarkably  rough  stream,  and  never  navigated 
without  considerable  hazard.  Most  of  the  pro 
duce  finds  a  market  in  Baltimore,  or  is  taken 
through  the  Delaware  and  Chesapeake  canal 
to  Philadelphia. 

SUSQUEHANNAH,  co.  N.  side  of  Pa. 
bounded  N.  by  N.  Y.  E.  by  Wayne  co.  S.  by 
Luzerne  co.  and  W.  by  Bradford  co.  Chief 
town,  Montrose.  Pop.  16,777. 

SUSSEX,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  NNE.  by  N.  Y. 
SE.  by  Bergen  and  Morris  cos.  SW.  by  War 
ren  co.  W.  and  NW.  by  the  Delaware,  whicn 
separates  it  from  Pennsylvania.  Pop.  20,349. 
Chief  town,  Newton. 

SUSSEX,  co.  Del.  bounded  N.  by  Kent  co. 
E.  by  Delaware  bay  and  the  Atlantic,  S.  and 
W.  by  Maryland.  Pop.  27,118.  Chief  towns, 
Georgetown  and  Lewistown. 

SUSSEX,  co.  Va.  bounded  NE.  by  Surrey  co. 
SSE.  by  Southampton  co.  SW.  by  Greensville 
co.  and  NW.  by  Dinwiddie  and  Prince  George 
cos.  Pop.  12,720. 

SUSSEX,  C.  H.  v.  Sussex  co.  Va.  on  a  small 
branch  of  Nottaway  river,  64  m.  SSE.  from 
Richmond. 

SUTTON,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.  20  m. 
NW.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,424. 

SUTTON  VILLAGE,  v.  in  Sutton  t.  Mer 
rimack  co.  N.  H. 

SUTTON,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt,  15  ra.  from 
Danville.  Pop.  1,005. 

SUTTON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  9  m.  S. 
from  Worcester,  46  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
2.186. 

SWAN  ISLAND,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Me. 
4  m.  SW.  from  Mount  Desert.  It  contains 
about  6,000  acres. 

SWAN  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  Ion.  93°  15'  W. ;  lat.  44°  34'  N. 

SWAN  POINT,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Md. 
in  the  Chesapeake.  Lon.  76°  22'  W. ;  lat.  38° 
11' N. 

SWANSBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Onslow  co. 
N.C.  on  White  Oak  river,  40  m.  SSW.  from 
Ncwbern,  405  from  W. 


SW  ANTON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  Lake 
Cham  plain,  and  bordering  (Ji  Canada,  32  ra. 
N.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  2,158. 

SWANTOWN,  v.  Kent  co.  Md.  3  m.  from 
Georgetown. 

SWANVILLE,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.    Pop.  633. 

SWANZEY,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  6  m.  S. 
from  Keene,  58  WSW.  from  Concord.  Pop. 
1,816.  Here  is  a  cotton  manufactory. 

.SWANZEY,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  16  m.  SSW. 
from  Taunton,  38  S.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,677. 

SWATARA,  r.  Pa.  runs  SW.  into  the  Sus- 
quehannah,  at  Middle  town. 

SWEASY'S  VILLE,  v.  Adams  co.  Miss. 

SWEDEN,  one  of  the  western  towns  of  Mon 
roe  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  W.  from  Rochester.  Pop, 
2,938.  The  Erie  Canal  crosses  the  northern 
part  of  this  town. 

SWEDESBOROUGH,t. Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 
on  Raccoon  creek,  20  m.  SSW.  from  Philadel 
phia.  It  contains  an  Episcopal  church,  a  wool 
len  manufactory,  and  is  a  place  of  some  trade. 
Raccoon  creek  is  navigable  to  this  place  for 
boats. 

SWEET  SPRINGS,  v.  Monroe  co.  Va.  28 
m.  SE.  from  Lewisburg,  42  SW.  from  Warm 
Springs.  This  place  is  celebrated  for  its  mine 
ral  waters,  which  are  much  resorted  to. 

SWEET  WATER  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  runs 
into  the  Bear  creek. 

SWIFT,  r.  N.  H.  runs  E.  into  the  Saco,  in 
Conway. 

SWIFT'S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the 
Appomatox,  lat.  37°  20'  N. 

SWITZERLAND,  co.  In.  bordering  on  the 
Ohio.  Chief  town,  Vevay.  Pop.  7,111. 

SYCAMORE,  t.  in  the  NE.  quarter  of  Ham 
ilton  co.  Ohio.  Montgomery,  Reading,  and 
Sharon  villages,  are  laid  out  in  this  t.  Pop. 
2,779. 

S YMMES,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio,  on  Symmes 
creek.  Pop.  246. 

SYLVANIA,  v.  Bradford  co.  Pa.  197  m.  a 
little  E.  of  N.  from  Harrisburg. 

SYRACUSE,  t.  and  cap.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 
25  m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Auburn,  133  W.  from 
Albany,  342  from  W.  Pop.  about  2,000.  It  is 
a  flourishing  village,  and  stands  on  the  Erie 
canal  at  the  point  where  a  side-canal  branches 
off  to  Salina.  The  buildings  are  mostly  of 
brick,  and  many  of  them  large  and  splendid. 
The  "  Syracuse  House"  is  a  most  noble  brick 
structure,  4  stories  high,  and  one  of  the  most 
splendid  hotels  in  the  state.  From  a  cupola 
on  the  top,  there  is  a  fine  view  of  Onondaga 
lake,  and  the  village  of  Salina,  a  mile  and  a 
half  distant.  In  1828,  the  building  of  an  ele 
gant  court-house  was  commenced,  at  a  point 
midway  between  these  two  villages ;  and  the 
whole  intermediate  space  will  probably  be  built 
over  within  a  few  years.  In  point  of  locality, 
few  inland  towns  have  advantages  equal  with 
this.  The  line  of  communication  is  continued 
by  the  Salina  side-canal,  the  Onondaga  lake, 
and  the  Oswego  canal,  to  Lake  Ontario. 

T. 

TABERG,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  9  m.  NW.  of 
Rome, 


TAB— TAR 


417 


TABLE  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Pendleton  dis 
trict,  S.G.  near  NW.  border  of  the  state,  3,168 
feet  higher  than  the  surrounding-  country,  and 
about  4,000  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  pre 
sents  on  one  side  a  tremendous  precipice  of 
solid  rock,  which  rises  nearly  perpendicular,  to 
the  height  of  890  feet.  At  the  bottom  is  a  deep 
and  dismal  valley,  sunk  apparently  as  much 
below,  as  the  mountain  is  above,  the  general 
level.  The  precipice,  viewed  from  the  valley, 
appears  like  an  immense  wall  rising  up  to 
heaven ;  and  the  awe  which  it  inspires  is  con 
siderably  increased  by  the  quantities  of  bones 
which  lie  whitening  at  its  base,  the  remains  of 
various  animals  which  had  incautiously  ap 
proached  too  near  its  edge.  The  summit  of 
this  mountain  is  frequently  enveloped  in  clouds. 

TABLE  RIVER,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Mis 
sissippi,  lat.  37°  12'  N. 

TABLE  ROCK,  v.  Pendleton  district,  S.  C. 

TADOUSAC,  t.  L.  C.  a  place  of  great  resort 
for  trading  with  the  Indians,  who  bring  thither 
furs  to  exchange  for  cloth  and  other  European 
goods.  It  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sa- 
guenay,  98  m.  NE.  from  Quebec. 

TAKONNACK,  int.  Mass.  S.  of  Great  Bar- 
rington.  Its  height  is  estimated  at  3,000  feet 
above  the  ocean. 

TALBERT'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the 
Atlantic,  on  the  coast  of  Geo.  Lat.  30°  44'  N. 

TALBOT,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Queen 
Anne  co.  E.  by  Caroline  and  Dorchester  cos. 
S.  by  Dorchester  co.  and  W.  by  Chesapeake 
Bay.  Pop.  12,947.  Chief  town,  Easton. 

TALLAHASSE,  city,  and  seat  of  govern 
ment  for  Florida,  is  situated  on  Tugabona  or 
Wackahulla  river.  Lat.  30°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  from 
W.  7°  13'  W.  The  reasons  which  determined 
the  governor  and  commissioners  to  fix  on  this 
place  as  the  metropolis,  were  its  central  posi 
tion,  fertility  of  soil,  and  the  reputation  it  had 
acquired  among  the  Spanish  and  Indians,  of 
being  uncommonly  salubrious.  The  position 
was  fixed  upon  for  the  seat  of  government  in 

1824.  It  was  divided  into  lots,  and  sold  in 

1825.  Five  squares  have  been  reserved  for  the 
purpose  of  public  buildings.    The  precincts  of 
the   town  encircle   a   beautifully   undulating 
country.     It  was  immediately  incorporated  as 
a  city.     In  two  years  from  the  first  building, 
the  number  of  whites  and  blacks  was  sup 
posed  to  amount  to  800.     Some  respectable 
houses  were  built,  but  the  principal  part  of  the 
habitations  are  temporary  log  buildings.     The 
forest  is  falling  on  all  sides,  and  it  is  daily  ac 
quiring  more  and  more  the  appearance  of  a 
town.   The  amount  of  the  sales  of  the  lots  was 
$24,000.     That  sum  was  appropriated  for  the 
erection  of  a  territorial  capitol.    The  materials 
for  building  are  good  and  abundant.     There 
are  already  a  number  of  stores,  taverns,  and 
shops  of  all  the  customary  mechanics,  with  a 
full  proportion  of  lawyers  and  doctors,  and  200 
houses.     A  printing-press  has  been  establish 
ed,  from  which  issues  the  "Florida  Intelli 
gencer." 

TALLAPOOSA,  r.  rises  in  Georgia,  enters 
Alabama,  flows  SW.  and  unites  with  the  Coosa 
3C 


3  m.  SW.  from  Fort  Jackson,  to  form  the  Al 
abama.    It  is  navigable,  except  in  dry  seasons, 
to  the  Great  Falls,  about  35  miles.    This  river 
is  subject  to  great  periodical  elevations  and 
depressions.    Much  of  the  country  watered  by 
it  is  very  fertile. 

TALLMADGE,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  15  m. 
WSW  from  Ravenna,  35  SSE.  from  Cleve 
land.  Pop.  1,218.  It  has  an  academy  and  a 
furnace. 

TAMPICO,  bay  and  s-p.  of  Mexico,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Moctezuema  river.  Lon.  from 
W.  11°  36'  W.;  lat.  22°  45' N. 

TAMWORTH,  t.  Stratford  eo.  N.  H.  60  m. 
NNE.  from  Concord,  63  NNW.  from  Ports 
mouth.  Pop.  1,554. 

TANEYTOWN,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  22 
m.  NNE.  from  Fredericktown,  40  NW.  from 
Baltimore,  67  from  W.  It  is  a  pleasant  and 
handsome  town,  and  contains  several  hand 
some  churches,  mostly  of  brick. 

TANGIPAO,  r.  rises  in  Mississippi,  erosses 
E.  part  of  Louisiana,  and  flows  into  Lake  Pon- 
chartrain,  10  m.  NE.  of  the  pass  of  Manchac. 

TANNER'S  CREEK,  r.  In.  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  2  m.  below  Lawrenceburg. 

TANNER'S  HILL,  v.  Newbury  district, 
S.C. 

TANSEY.  r.  N.  America,  rises  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  and  runs  into  Maria's  river. 

TAOS,  t.  of  New  Mexico,  on  the  E.  side  of 
Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  above  Santa  Fe.  Lon. 
from  W.  29°  45'  W. ;  lat.  37°  20'  N. 

TAOUS  MOUNTAINS,  N.  America,  the 
southern  part  of  the  chain  of  the  Chippewan, 
or  Rocky  Mountains,  where  the  del  Norte, 
Red  river,  Arkansas,  and  Colorado,  have  their 
rise.  yraT 

TAPPAHANNOCK,  port  of  entry  and  cap. 
Essex  co.  Va.  on  SW.  bank  of  the  Rappahan- 
nock,  55  m.  ESE.  from  Fredericksburg,  50  NE. 
from  Richmond,  115  from  W.  Lon.  76°  57 
W. ;  lat.  38°  2'  N.  Pop.  about  700.  Its  situ 
ation  is  low  and  unhealthy.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  and  an  Episcopal  church. 
All  the  shipping  belonging  to  the  towns  on  the 
Rappahannock  is  entered  at  the  custom-house 
of  this  place. 

TAPPAN,  v.  Rockland  co.  N.  Y. 

TAPPAN  SEA,  an  expansion  of  the  Hud 
son,  opposite  to  Orangetown,  from  25  to  35  m. 
above  the  city  of  New  York,  10m.  long,  and 

4  in  breadth  at  the  widest  place. 

TAR,  or  Pamlico,  r.  N.  C.  rises  in  Caswell 
co.  flows  through  Granville,  Franklin,  Nash, 
and  Edgecoinbe  cos.  and  passing  by  Tarbor- 
ough,  Greenville,  and  Washington,  runs  SE 
into  Pamlico  Sound,  lat.  35°  22'  N.  It  is  nav 
igable  for  vessels  drawing  9  feet  water  to 
Washington,  40  m.  and  for  boats  carrying  15 
or  20  tons  to  Tarborough,  90  m. 

TARBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Edgecombe 
co.  N.C.  on  the  Tar  river,  38  m.  S.  from  Hali 
fax,  60  ESE.  from  Raleigh,  and  200  from  W. 
Lon.  77°  44'  W. ;  lat.  35°  50'  N.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  and  an  academy. 
Beef,  pork,  corn,  tobacco,  &c.  are  exported 
from  this  place  in  considerable  quantities. 


418 


TAR— THE 


TARIFFVILLET  v.  Hartford  eo.  Ct. 

TARKIO  CREEK,  r.  La.  runs  into  the 
Missouri,  483  m,from  the  Mississippi. 

TARLETON,  v.  Pickaway  co»  Ohio,  17  m, 
NE.  from  Chillicothe,  Pop.  257. 

TARRY-TOWN,  v.  and  landing,  Greens- 
burg,  N.Y. 

TATE,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  3,232. 

TATE'S  CREEK,  v,  in  N.  part  of  Madison 
CO.  Ken.  about  40  m.  SE.  from  Frankfort. 

TATNALLrco.  Geo.  bounded  by  Appling  S. 
Telfair  and  Montgomery  W.  Emanuel  NW. 
Camchee  river,  or  Bullock  co,  NE.  and  Lib 
erty  and  Wayne  SE.  Length  60  m.  mean 
width  30.  Pop.  2,039.  Chief  town.  Perry's 
Mills. 

TAUNTON,  t.  and  cap.  Bristol  co.  Mass, 
on  the  river  Taunton,  21  m.  E.  from  Provi 
dence,  24  N.  from  Bristol,  27  N.  by  W.  from 
New  Bedford,  32£  S.  from  Boston,  431  from 
W.  Pop.  6,045.  It  is  a  pleasant  and  hand 
some  town,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
a  town-house,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  printing- 
office,  a  paper-mill,  and  large  and  thriving 
manufactories  of  cotton,  iron,  copper,  lead,  and 
Britannia  ware.  7,500,000  yards  of  calico 
are  made  here  yearly. 

TAUNTON,  r.  Mass,  is  formed  by  Bridge- 
water  and  Namasket  rivers,  and  runsSW.  into 
Narraganset  Bay.  It  is  navigable  for  sloops 
of  50  tons  to  Tauntonr  20  m. 

TAYLORSVILLE,  v.  Hanover  co.  Va.  30 
m.  from  Richmond. 

TAYLORS VI LLE,  v,Fair field  district,  S.  C. 
18  m.  from  Columbia. 

TAYLORSVILLE,  t.  She%  co.  Ken.  on  N. 
fork  of  Salt  river,  30  m,  SE.«from  Louisville. 

TAZEWELL,  C.  H.  Tuzewell  co.  Va.  302 
m.  a  little  S.  of  W.  from  Richmond, 

TAZEWELL,  co.  SW.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
NW.  by  Kentucky  and  Kenhawa  cos.  NE.  by 
Giles  and  Montgomery  cos.  SSE.  by  Wythe 
and  Washington  cos.  and  SW.  by  Russell  eo. 
Pop.  4,104. 

TAZEWELL,  t.  and  cap.  Claiborne  co.  Ten, 
about  35  m.  N.  from  Knoxville,  491  from  W. 

TEACHES,  island,  on  the  coast  of  Va.  in 
Northampton  co. 

TECHE,  r.  La.  flows  SE.  and  joins  the  At- 
chafalaya,  about  15  m.  above  its  entrance  into 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  navigable  to  New 
Iberia,  about  45  m. 

TECOANTEPEC,  seaport  of  Mexico,  in 
Oaxaca. 

TEHUANTEPEC,  the  Gulf  ex/,  is  a  semi- 
e" 

Ocean 
state  of  Oaxaca. 

TEKETANOAH,  or  Cyprus  Creek,  r.  Ala- 
bama,  flows  into  the  Tennessee  river,  a  mile 
below  Florence. 

TELFAIR,  co.  Geo.  bounded  by  Appling  S, 
Doolen  SW.  Pulaski  NW.  Little  Oakmulgee 
river,  or  Montgomery  co.  NE.  and  Tatnall  E. 
Length  50  m.  mean  width  25.  Pop.  in  1820, 
2,104 ;  in  1830,  2,136.  Chief  town,  Jackson 
ville. 

TELLICO,  r.  Ten.  flows  N.  by  W.  into  the 
Tennessee,  just  below  Tellico. 


elliptical  indenting  of  that  part  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  stretching  between  Guatemala  and  the 


TELLICO,  t.  Blount  co.  Ten.  on  N.  side  of 
the  river  Tennessee,  50  m.  SW.  from  Knox 
ville.  Here  is  a  fort,  blockhouse,  and  store* 
for  supplying  the  Cherokee  Indians. 

TEMPLE,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  40  m.  N  W. 
from  Augusta,  Pop.  798. 

TEMPLE,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.H.  13  m. 
WSW.  from  Amherst,  54  SSW.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  647. 

TEMPLETON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  27 
m.  NW.  from  Worcester,  and  60  WNW.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,551. 

TENNESSEE,  one  of  the  U.  S.  See  page 
123. 

TENNESSEE  RIDGE,  mountains  in  the 
state  of  Tennessee,  between  the  rivers  Ten 
nessee  and  Cumberland. 

TENSAW,  r.  the  E.  outlet  of  the  Mobile.  It 
branches  off  6  or  7  m.  below  Fort  Stoddert,  and 
flows  into  Mobile  Bay,  5  or  6  m.  E.  of  the  W. 
branch.  Its  channel  is  deeper  and  wider  than 
that  of  the  W.  branch. 

TENSAW,  r.  La.  flows  SSW.  a  few  miles 
from  the  Mississippi,  and  unites  with  the  Oua- 
chitta  at  the  junction  of  the  Ocatahoola. 

TENSAW,  v.  Washington  co.  Alabama, 
near  Mobile  Bay, 

TEPIC,  t.  of  Mexico,  in  the  intendency  of 
Guadalaxara,  500  m.  NW.  from  the  city  of 
Mexico. 

TERRE  HAUTE,  v.  Vrgo  co.  Indiana, 
on-  the  Wabash,  2  m.  below  Fort  Harrison. 

TERRYVILLE,  v,  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

TETON,  r.La.  runs  into  the  Missouri  river, 
1,263  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

TEWKSBURY,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  S. 
of  the  Merrimaek,  7  m.  SW.  from  Andover. 
23  N.  from  Boston.  Pop,  1,527. 

TEWKSBURY,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 
Pop.  1,659. 

TEXAS,  province  of  Mexico,  in  the  former 
Provincias  Internas,  bounded  SW.  by  the  Rio 
Grande  del  Norte,  on  the  NE.  by  the  United 
States,  from  the  sources  of  Rio  Grande,  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Sabkie,  and  SE.  by  the  Gulf  of 
Mexieov 

TEZCUCO,  city  of  Mexico,  in  the  inten 
dency  of  Mexico,  formeriy  remarkable  for  its 
expensive  cotton  factories,,  which,  from  the 
rivalry  of  Queretara,  have  greatly  declined. 
It  stands  on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Tezcuco,  20 
m.  NE.  from  Mexico.  Lon.  from  W.  21°  51' 
W. ;  lat.  19°  30'  N.  Pop.  6,200, 

THAMES,  r.  U.C.  rises  in  theChippewa 
country,  and  running  SW.  washes  the  cos.  of 
York,  Norfolk,  Suffolk,  and  Kent,  and  empties 
into  Lake  St.  Clair,  above  Detroit ;  it  is  a  river 
of  considerable  extent,  without  falls.  A  com 
munication  is  continued,  by  means  of  small 
portages,  between  its  upper  branches  and  Lake 
Huron,  and  the  Grand  river. 

THAMES,  r.  Ct.  is  formed  by  the  Shetucket 
and  Yantic,  at  Norwich,  and  flows  S.  into  Long 
Island  Sound,  2  m.  below  New  London.  It  is 
navigable  through  its  whole  course. 

THATCHER'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  on  the 
coast  of  Mass,  about  1  m.  E.  from  Cape  Ann. 

THERESA,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black 
river  branch  of  Oswegatchic,  on  the  road  from 


THE— TIP 


419 


Sacket'a  Harbor  to  Ogdeasburg,  25  m.  NE. 
from  the  former,  and  40  SW.  from  the  latter 
place. 

THESSALON,  r.  U.C.  runs  into  lake  Hu 
ron,  a  little  to  the  eastward  of  Muddy  Lake, 
on  the  N.  shore. 

THETFORD,  v.  Orange  co.  Vt.  en  Connec 
ticut  river,  12  m.  N.  from  Dartmouth  in  N.  H, 
Pop.  2,183. 

THIMBLE  ISLANDS,  small  islands  near 
the  coast  of  Connecticut  Lon.  72°  42'  W. ; 
lat.  41°  11'  N. 

THIRTY  MILE,  or  Dead  River,  r.  Maine, 
joins  the  Androscoggin,  in  Liverrnore. 

THOMAS'S  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  runs  into  the 
Great  Pedee. 

THOMAS,  St.  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  in 
the  West  Indies,  with  a  harbor,  a  town,  and  a 
fort,  15  m.  in  circumference,  and  belongs  to 
the  Danes.  Lon.  64°  51'  W. ;  lat.  18°  21'  N. 

THOMASTOWN,  t  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  E. 
side  of  the  river  St.  George,  and  on  W.  side  of 
Penobscot  Bay,  7  m.  S.  from  Camden,  7  E. 
from  Warren,  37  E.  from  Wiscasset,  190  NE. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  4,221.  It  is  a  flourishing 
town,  and  contains  2  churches,  1  for  Congre- 
gationalists,  and  1  for  Baptists.  The  river  is 
navigable  to  this  town,  for  vessels  of  200  tons. 
Great  quantities  of  lime  are  burnt  here,  and 
exported.  Nearly  all  the  lime  exported  from 
Maine  is  shipped  at  this  port 

THOMPSON,  t  Windham  co.  Ct  in  NE. 
corner  of  the  state,  46  m.  ENE.  from  Hart 
ford,  51  SW.  from  Boston-  Pop.  3,38a 

THOMPSON,  t  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  38  m. 
W.  from  Newburgli.  Pop.  2,459.  It  is  wa 
tcred  by  the  Neversink,  and  contains  the  vil 
lages  of  Thompson,  Monticello,  and  Bridge- 
ville.  The  county  buildings  are  at  Monti 
cello. 

THOMPSON,  t  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  W. 
from  Scioto  river.  Pop.  324. 

THOMPSON,  one  of  the  eastern  towns  of 
Geauga  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  737. 

THOMPSON'S  CREEK,  r.  N.  America, 
runs  into  the  Missouri,  148  m.  below  the  Great 
Falls. 

THOMPSON'S  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  runs  SE. 
into  the  Great  Pedee,  below  Chatham. 

THOMPSON'S  CREEK,  r.  Mississippi, 
runs  into  the  Mississippi,  lat.  30°  59'  N. 

THOMPSONSVILLE,  v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 
90  m.  SW.  from  W. 

THOMPSONVILLE,  v.  Chesterfield  dis 
trict,  S.  C.  57  m.  NE.  from  Columbia. 

THORNDIKE,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  Pop.  653. 

THORNSBURG,  t  Spotsylvania  co.  Va.  on 
the  Mattapony,  18  m.  S.  from  Fredericksburg 

THORNTON,  t  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  11  m 
N.  from  Plymouth,  54  N.  from  Concord.  Pop. 
1,049. 

THORNTON'S  GAP,  v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 

THORNTON'S  RIVER,  SW.  branch  of 
the  Rappahannock,  rising  hi  the  Blue  Ridge 
near  Thornton's  Gap,  and  flowing  nearly  E. 
through  Culpeper  co.  Va,  into  the  Rappahan 
nock. 

THORNVILLE,  v.  in  the  NW.  angle  of 


Perry  co.  Ohio,  35  m.  a  little  S.  of  E.  from 
Jolurabus. 

THREE  CREEK  RUN,  r.  Va.  runs  into 
the  Nottaway. 

THREE  RUNS,  Lower,  v.  Barnwell  dis- 
rict,  S.  C. 

THREE  SISTERS,  three  small  islands,  on 
W.  side  of  Cliesapeake  Bay,  N.  of  Parker'* 
[sland. 

THUNDER  BAY,  9  m.  broad,  at  the  NW. 
corner  of  Lake  Huron,  in  N.  America.  It 
receives  this  name  from  tl>e  supposed  contin 
ual  thunder  that  is  heard  there. 

TICKFAH,  r.  rises  in  Mississippi,  enters 
Louisiana,  and  flows  into  Lake  Maurepas,  4 
m.  NE.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Amite. 

TICONDEROGA,  t.  Essex  co.  N.Y.  o 
W.  side  of  the  S.  end  of  Lake  Champlain,  and 
at  the  N.  end  of  Lake  George,  12  m.  S.  from 
~rown  Point,  95  N.  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,996. 
A  valuable  mine  of  iron  ore  is  found  in  this 
township.  Ticonderoga  Fort,  famous  in  the 
history  of  American  wars,  is  situated  on  an 
eminence  in  this  township,  on  W.  shore  of 
Lake  Champlain,  just  north  of  the  entrance  of 
the  outlet  from  Lak«  George  into  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  15  m.  S.  from  Crown  Point,  24  N.  from 
Whitehall.  It  is  now  in  ruins. 

TIFFIN,  t  Adams  co.  Ohio.     Pop,  1,570. 

TIGER'S  VALLEY,  v.  Harrison'  co,  Ohio, 
16  m.  from  Clarksburg. 

TILGHMAN'S  ISLAND,  in  the  Chesa 
peake,  Md.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Choptank,  con 
taining  about  1,720  acres. 

TIMBALIER,  bay  at  the  mouth  of  La- 
fourche,  in  Louisiana.  This  bay  is  about  30 
m.  in  length,  and  from  3  to  8  wide.  The  ad 
jacent  island  and  shores  are  low  grassy  or 
sandy  flats. 

TINKER'S  CREEK,  r.Ohio,  runs  into  the 
Cuyahoga,  12  m.  above  Cleveland. 

TINKER'S  ISLAND,  one  of  the  Eliza 
beth  Islands,  near  the  coast  of  Massachusetts, 
3  m.  long,  li  broad. 

TINLEYSVILLE,  v.  Gothland  co.  Va. 
45  m.  WNW.  from  Richmond. 

TINMOUTH,  t  Rutland  co.  Vt.  watered  by 
the  Otter  creek,  10  m,  S.  from  Rutland,  40  m 
W.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,049. 

TIOGA,  r.  rises  in  Pennsylvania,  runs  N. 
enters  New  York,  turns  to  the  E.  and  joins  the 
Susquehannah  in  Pa.  3  m.  S.  of  N.  Y.  line. 
It  is  navigable  for  boats  50  m. 

TIOGA,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Tomp- 
kins  co.  E.  by  Broome  co.  S.  by  Pennsylvania, 
and  W.  by  Steuben  co.  Pop  27,704.  Chief 
towns,  Elmira  and  Owego. 

TIOGA,  co.  N.  side  of  Pa.  bounded  N.  by 
New  York,  E.  by  Ontario  co.  S.  by  Lycoming 
co.  and  W.  by  Potter  co.  Pop.  9,062.  Chief 
town,  Wellsborough. 

TIPPECANOE,  r.  In.  joins  the  Wabash, 
about  420  m.  from  its  mouth  Length  about 
170  m.  It  is  rendered  famous  for  a  battle  be- 
tween  the  Americans  and  Indians,  in  Novem 
her,  1811. 

TIPTON,  co.  Ten.  Pop.  5,317.  Chief  town, 
Covington. 


420 


TIP— TRA 


TIPTON,  C.  H.  and  t.  Tipton  co.  Ten.  240 
m.  from  Murfreesborough. 

TISBURY,  t.  Duke's  co.  Mass,  on  N.  side 
of  Martha's  Vineyard,  8  ra.  W.  from  Edgars- 
town,  85  S.  from  Boston.  Pop.  including  the 
Elizabeth  Islands,  1,318. 

TIVERTON,  t.  Newport  co.  R.  I.  8  m. 
NNE.  from  Newport,  54  S.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
2,905.  It  is  on  the  main  land,  opposite  to 
Portsmouth,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a 
bridge. 

TOBAGO,  the  most  southward  of  the  isl 
ands  of  the  West  Indies,  and  the  most  east 
ward,  except  Barbadoes.  It  is  32  m.  long,  and 
0  broad;  120  m.  S.  of  Barbadoes.  Lon.  59° 
W.;  lat.  ll°10'N. 

TOBAGO  LITTLE,  island  near  the  NE. 
extremity  of  Tobago,  in  the  West  Indies,  2  m. 
long1,  and  1  broad. 

TOBY'S  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the  Al- 
leghany,  20  m.  below  Franklin.  It  is  about 
55  in.  long,  and  is  navigable  for  bateaux 
through  a  great  part  of  its  course.  It  is  con 
nected  with  the  western  branch  of  the  Susque- 
hannah  by  a  short  portage. 

TOCKOA  FALLS,  Franklin  co.  Geo.  It 
is  in  a  branch  of  the  Tugaloo  river.  The  fall 
near  200  feet. 

TODD,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Robertson 
co.  Ten.  S.  Christian  W.  Muhlenburg  N.  and 
Logan  E.  Length  30  m.  mean  width  15. 
Chief  town,  Elkton.  Pop.  in  1820,  5,089  ;  in 
1830,8,801. 

TODD'S  FORK,  r.  Ohio,  joins  the  Little 
Miami,  5  m.  above  Deerfield. 

TOGOSOHATCHIE  CREEK,  branch  of 
the  Oakmul^ee  river,  in  Georgia. 

TOLLAND,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  20  m 
WSW.  from  Springfield,  110  WSW.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  724. 

TOLLAND,  co.  Ct.  bounded  N.  by  Massa 
chusetts,  E.  and  SE,  by  Windham  co.  SW.  by 
Middlesex  co.  and  W.  by  Hartford  co.  Pop. 
18,700.  Chief  town,  Tolland. 

TOLLAND,  t.  and  cap.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  11 
m.  NE.  from  Hartford,  83  WSW.  from  Boston 
352  from  W.  Pop.  1,698.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  and  a  Congregation 
al  meeting-house. 

TOMBIGBEE,  r.  Alabama,  rises  within  a 
few  miles  of  the  Muscle  Shoals,  flows  souther 
ly  near  the  line  between  the  states  of  Missis 
sippi  and  Alabama,  joins  the  Alabama  45  m. 
:ibove  the  head  of  Mobile  Bay,  and  75  above 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  to  form  the  river  Mobile. 
It  is  navigable  for  large  vessels  to  Fort  Stod- 
dert,  44  rn.  and  at  some  seasons  to  St.  Stephens 
It  is  about  450  in.  long,  and  navigable  for 
boats  the  greater  part  of  its  course. 

TOMBSTONE,  v.  Bertie  cc,  N.  C,  291  m 
from  W. 

TOMHANNOCK,  v.  Rensselaer  Co.  N.  Y. 
19  m.  from  Albany. 

TOMPKINS,  co.  N.  Y.  from  a  part  of  the 
cos.  of  Seneca  and  Cayuga,  bounded  N.  by 
Seneca  and  Cayuga  cos.  E.  by  Cortlandt  co. 
S.  by  Tioga  co.  and  W.  by  Seneca  Lake.  Chief 
town,  Ithaca.  Pop.  36,545. 

TOMPKINS,  t.  Del.  co.  N.  Y.  on  the    Del 


aware,  27  m.  SW.  from  Delhi,  100  SW.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  1,774. 

TOMPKIN'S  HILL,  on  Staten  Island,  in 
N.  Y.  307  feet  high. 

TOM'S  CREEK,  r.  N.  J.  runs  between  Do 
ver  and  Shrewsbury. 

TONGUE,  r.  N.  America,  runs  N.  into  the 
Yellow-stone. 

TONNE  WANT  A,  r.  N.  Y.  runs  into  the 
Niagara,  opposite  Grand  Isle,  10  m.  N.  from 
Black  Rock.  Length  90  m.  It  is  navigable 
for  boats  30  m. 

TOPSFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  8  m.  NNW. 
from  Salem,  20  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,011. 

TOPSHAM,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  12  m.  W. 
from  Newbury,  25  ENE.  from  Montpelier. 
Pop.  1,384. 

TOPSHAM,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  N.  side 
of  the  Androscoggin,  opposite  Brunswick,  19 
m.  W.  from  Wiscasset,  140  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,564.  It  is  a  considerable  town.  Mag 
netic  oxide  of  iron  and  crystallized  quartz  arc 
found  here. 

TORRINGFORD,  v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct. 

TORRINGTON,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  7  m. 
N.  from  Litchfield,  339  from  W.  Pop.  1,654. 

TORTOLA,  principal  of  the  Virgin  Islands, 
in  the  West  Indies,  18  m.  long,  and  7  broad. 
In  this  island  almost  all  the  trade  is  carried 
on ;  it  is  near  5  m.  long,  and  2  broad,  but  badly 
watered,  and  reckoned  unhealthy.  They  cul 
tivate  cotton  here,  which  is  much  esteemed  by 
the  manufacturers,  likewise  rum  and  sugar ; 
it  has  of  late  years  undergone  great  improve 
ments.  The  entrance  into  the  harbor  is  at  the 
E.  end  of  the  island.  Lon.  63°  W. ;  lat.  18° 
33' N. 

TORTUE,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into  the 
Wabash.  Lon.  87°  55'  W. ;  lat.  39°  30'  N. 

TORTUES,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Missouri. 
Lon.  94°  24'  W. ;  lat.  38°  26'  N. 

TORTUGA,  isl.  of  the  "West  Indies,  near 
the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Hispahiola.  It 
is  about  80  in.  in  circumference,  and  has  a 
safe  harbor,  but  difficult  of  access.  Lon.  75° 
10' W.;  lat.  20°  10' N. 

TOSQUIATOSSY  CREEK,  one  of  the 
head  branches  of  the  Alleghany  river. 

TOWAHNAHIOOKS,  r.  N.  America,  runs 
NW.  into  the  Columbia,  275  miles  from  its 
mouth. 

TOWAMENSING,  v.  Northampton  co.Pa. 
on  the  Lehigh,  7  in.  from  Berlinsville. 

TOWANDA,  t.  and  cap.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  N.  branch  of  Susquehan 
nah  river.  The  borough  is  called  Meansville 
on  all  the  maps.  The  township  of  Towanda 
contains  986  inhabitants. 

TOWER  HILL,  name  of  a  hill  and  village 
in  S.  Kingston,  R.  I. 

TOWNSEND,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  44 
m.  NW.  from  Boston,  480  from  W.  Pop.  1,506. 

TOWNSEND,  t  Huron  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  202. 

TOWNSEND,  t.  Sandusky  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
196. 

TOWNSHEND,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  40  m. 
SSW.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,386. 

TRACY'S  LANDING,  v.  Ann-Arundel  co. 
Md. 


TRA— TRO 


421 


TRANSYLVANIA,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ken. 
on  Ohio  river,  on  the  point  above  the  mouth 
of  Harod's  creek,  8  m.  above  Louisville. 

TRAP,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  27  m.  NW. 
from  Philadelphia. 

TRAP,  v.  Frederick  co.  Md.  7  m.  SW.  from 
Frederick  stown. 

TRAPPE,  t  Talbot  co.  Md.  6  m.  ESE.  from 
Oxford. 

TRAVELLER'S  REPOSE,  v.  Greenbrier 
co.  Va. 

TRAVELLER'S  REST,  v.  Greenville  dis 
trict,  S.  C. 

TRAVERSE  BAY,  bay  on  E.  side  of  Lake 
Michigan.  Lon.  85°  W. ;  lat.  44°  45'  N. 

TRAVERSE  ISLANDS,  chain  of  islands 
at  E.  end  of  Noquet's  Bay,  in  Lake  Michigan, 
on  one  of  the  largest  of  which  is  a  town  of  Ot- 
tovvay  Indians. 

TREADHAVEN,  r.  Md.  passes  by  Easton, 
flows  SW.  and  runs  into  the  Choptank,  E.  of 
Benoni's  Point. 

TREMAIN,  v.  in  Ulysses,  N.  Y.  11  m.  NW. 
from  Ithaca. 

TRENCHE'S  ISLAND,  or  Hilton  Head, 
isl.  near  the  coast  of  S.  Carolina,  25  m.  long. 
Lon.  80°  68'  W.;  lat.  32°  13'  N. 

TRENT,  r.  N.  C.  runs  into  the  Neuse,  at 
Newbern. 

TRENTON,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Union  river,  30  m.  NE.  from 
Castine,  275  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  795. 

TRENTON,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  N. 
from  Utica,  406  from  W.  Pop.  3,221. 

TRENTON,  the  metropolis  of  N.  J.  in 
Hunterdon  co.  on  E.  bank  of  the  Delaware, 
opposite  the  falls,  10  m.  SW.  from  Princeton, 
26  SW.  from  New  Brunswick,  30  NE.  from 
Philadelphia,  60  SW.  from  N.  Y.  166  from  W. 
Lon.  75°  48'  W. ;  lat.  40°  13'  N.  Pop.  3,925. 
It  is  a  handsome  and  flourishing  town,  pleas 
antly  situated,  and  incorporated  with  city 
privileges.  It  contains  a  handsome  state-house, 
a  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  several  exten 
sive  cotton  manufactories.  In  the  town,  and 
Lamberton,  which  joins  it  on  the  S.  there  are 
6  churches.  Many  of  the  buildings  are  very 
spacious  in  size,  and  of  splendid  workmanship. 
The  river  is  navigable  as  far  as  here  for  sloops. 
Above  the  falls,  it  is  navigated  by  boats  car 
rying  from  20  to  25  tons.  At  the  foot  of  the 
falls  theie  is  an  elegant  covered  bridge  across 
the  river. 

TRENTON,  t  and  cap.  Jones  co.  N.  C.  on 
the  Trent,  20  m.  W.  from  Newbern,  81  NNE. 
from  Wilmington,  357  from  W.  It  contains 
a  court-house  and  a  jail. 

TRENTON,  New,  t  Franklin  co.  In. 

TRENTON,  v.  Todd  co.  Ken.  209  m.  SW. 
from  Frankfort.  Pop.  178. 

TRENTON,  v.  Butler  co.  Ohio.  98  m.  SW. 
by  W.  from  Columbus. 

TRENTON  FALLS,  in  the  West  Canada 
creek,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
village  of  Trenton.  The  creek,  which  is  about 
40  yards  in  width,  has  several  beautiful  cas 
cades  within  the  distance  of  half  a  mile.  The 
greatest  is  about  46  feet  perpendicular,  and  the 
scenery  around  is  of  the  most  sublime  and  im 


posing  character.  Visitors  resort  here  in  great 
numbers,  and  tourists  from  the  south  com 
monly  take  these  falls  in  their  route. 

TRIADELPHIA,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 

TRIANA,  v.  Madison  co.  Al.  on  Tennessee 
river,  at  the  mouth  of  Indian  Creek,  18  m. 
SW.  from  Huntsville. 

TRIGG,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Tennessee 
SE.  Tennessee  river  SW.  Livingston  co.  N  W. 
and  Caldwell  and  Christian  NE.  Length  45 
m.  mean  width  10.  Cumberland  river  runs 
through  this  co.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,874 ;  in  1830, 
5,889.  Chief  town,  Cadiz. 

TRINITY,  r.  Texas,  has  a  southerly  course 
of  about  300  m.  and  flows  into  the  bay  of  Gal- 
veston. 

TROIS  RIVIERES,  t.  of  U.  C.  on  the  r. 
St.  Lawrence,  35  m.  SW.  of  Quebec. 

TROUPSBURG,  t.in  the  SW.  angle  of  Steu- 
ben  co.  N.  Y.  30  m.  SE.  from  Angelica,  35  m. 
SSW.  from  Bath,  and  305  SW.  by  W.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  666. 

TROUPSVILLE,  v.  Sodus,  N.  York,  30  m. 
NE.  from  Canandaigua,  212  W.  from  Albany. 
It  is  eligibly  situated  on  Great  Sodus  Bay,  and 
is  a  place  of  some  trade. 

TROUT  RUN,  branch  of  Lycoming  creek, 
Pa.  15  m.  N.  from  William  sport,  and  117  m.  a 
little  W.  of  N.  from  Harrisburg. 

TROY,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  60  m.  N.  from 
Montpelier.  Pop.  608. 

TROY,  Bristol  co.  Mass,  on  E.  side  of  Taun- 
ton  river,  16  m.  S.  from  Taunton  48  S.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  4,159. 

TROY,  city  and  cap.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 
on  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  3  m.  S.  from  Lan- 
singburg,  6  N.  from  Albany,  166  N.  from  N.  Y. 
383  from  W.  Pop.  in  1820,  5,290 ;  in  1830, 
11,405.  It  is  finely  situated,  and  is  a  well- 
built  and  flourishing  town.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  a  market-house,  3  banks,  a 
public  library,  a  Lancasterian  school,  and  6 
houses  of  public  worship,  for  Presby  terians,Epis- 
copalians,  Baptists,  Methodists,  and  Friends. 
Troy  is  favorably  situated  for  a  great  manu 
facturing  town.  In  point  of  wealth  and  trade, 
it  ranks  the  fourth  town  in  New  York.  The 
Hudson  is  navigable  for  sloops  to  this  place. 
The  state  of  Massachusetts  has  surveyed  a 
canal  route  to  this  place.  A  rail-road  over  the 
same  route  has  also  been  in  contemplation. 
The  Van  Rensselaer  school  in  this  city  has  ac 
quired  a  high  reputation.  The  students  deliver 
mutual  lectures,  and  make  extensive  excur 
sions,  with  a  view  to  personal  inspection  of  the 
objects  of  their  studies  in  the  natural  sciences. 
Any  person  over  18,  certifying  that  his  acqui 
sitions  are  of  a  certain  extent,  and  that  he  is 
of  good  moral  character,  can  obtain  a  gratui 
tous  education.  An  academy  for  young  ladies, 
conducted  by  Mrs.  Willard,  has  also  obtained 
great  reputation,  and  has  more  than  200  pupils. 
In  the  vicinity  are  many  fine  mill-seats.  On 
Poesten's  Kill,  which  flows  into  the  Hudson  at 
the  lower  end  of  the  city,  there  are  several 
flour-mills,  an  oil-mill,  and  a  distillery ;  and  on 
Wynant's  Kill,  which  runs  into  the  Hudson  2 
m.  lower  down,  there  are  also  several  flour-mills, 
a  paper-mill,  2  cotton  manufactories,  1  woollen 


422 


TRO— TW1 


manufactory,  a  gun  manufactory,  a  shovel 
manufactory,  and  2  nail  manufactories.  These 
streams  afford  some  of  the  finest  mill-seats  in 
the  country. 

TROY,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Obion  co. 
Ten.  147  m.  NVV.  by  W.  from  Murfreesbo- 
rough,  863  from  W. 

TROY,  v.  Athens  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Hocking,  25  miles  below 
Marietta. 

TROY,  t.  and  cap.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Great  Miami,  21  m.  N.  from  Dayton,  66  W. 
from  Columbus,  72  N.  from  Cincinnati,  474 
from  W.  Pop.  504. 

TROY,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  368. 

TROY,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  987. 

TROY,  t.  Perry  co.  In.  on  the  Ohio,  about 
55  m.  WSW.  from  Corydon. 

TRUM ANSBURG,  v.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y. 

TRUMBULL,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  6  m.  NW. 
from  Stratford,  17  W.  from  New  Haven.  Pop. 
1,238. 

TRUMBULL,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Mercer 
co.  Pa.  E.  Columbiana  S.  Portage  and  Geauga 
W.  and  N.  by  Ashtabula.  Length  35  m.  mean 
width  25.  Chief  town,  Warren.  Pop.  in  1820, 
15,546;  in  1830,  26,154. 

TRURO,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  40  m.  NE. 
from  Barnstable,  107  SE.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,549.  It  extends  across  the  peninsula  of  Cape 
Cod,  and  lies  between  Provincetown  and  Well- 
fleet. 

TRURO,  t  Franklin  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  688. 

TRUXTON,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.Y.  14  m. 
NE.  from  Homer,  142  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
3,888. 

TRYON  MOUNTAINS,  mts.  N.  C.,  W.  of 
Salisbury,  bordering  on  Tennessee. 

TUCKER'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the 
coast  cf  S.  C.  Lon.  80°  16'  W. ;  lat.  32°  36'  N. 

TUCKERSVILLE,  v.  Wayne  co.  Geo. 

TUCKERSVILLE,  v.  Crawford  co.  In.  126 
m.  a  little  W.  of  S.  from  Indianapolis. 

TUCKERTON,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  near 
S.  end  of  Little  Eggharbor  Bay. 

TUFTONBOROUGH,t.  Strafford  co.  N.H. 
on  E.  side  of  Lake  Winnipiseogee,  50  m.  NNE. 
from  Concord,  53  NNW.  from  Portsmouth. 
Pop.  1,375. 

TUGELOO,  r.  Geo.  one  of  the  branches  of 
the  river  Savannah,  joins  the  Keowee  48  m. 
NW.  from  Petersburg. 

TULLIS  CREEK,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Po 
tomac,  Ion.  78°  2'  W. ;  lat.  39°  33'  N. 

TULLY,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  14  m.  S. 
from  Onondaga,  50  SW.  from  Utica.  Pop. 
1,640. 

TULLYTOWN,  v.  Greenville  district,  S.  C. 
98  m.  NW.  from  Columbus. 

TULPEHOCKEN,  r.  Pa.  runs  E.  into  the 
Schuylkill,  just  above  Reading.  It  rises  near 
the  sources  of  the  Quitipahilla,  a  branch  of  the 
Swatara. 

TUNBRIDGE,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt  32  m.  S. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,920. 

TUNKHANNOCK  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs 
SW.  into  the  E.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah, 
about  35  m.  above  Wilkesbarre. 

TUNKHANNOCK,  v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 


TURIN,  t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  river, 
20  m.  N.  from  Rome,  143  NW.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  1,561. 

TURKEY  CREEK,  r.  S.C.  runs  into  Reedy 
river. 

TURKEY  FOOT,  v.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

TURKEY  HILL,  t.  St.  Clair  co.  II. 

TURKEY  POINT,  cape  on  the  coast  of 
Md.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Susquehannah,  where 
it  takes  the  name  of  Chesapeake,  16  m.  S.  from 
Elkton.  Here  the  British  army  landed  in  Au 
gust,  1777,  as  they  were  advancing  to  Phila 
delphia. 

TURNER,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  on  the  An- 
droscoggin,  18  m.  ENE.  from  Paris,  155  NNE. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  2,218. 

TURNERSVILLE,  v.  Robertson  co.  Ten. 
72  m.  NW.  from  Murfreesborough. 

TURNPIKE,  v.  Greenville  co.  S.C. 

TURTLE  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the 
Monongahela,  in  Alleghany  co.  At  the  head 
of  this  creek  Gen.  Braddock  was  killed,  in 
1755. 

TURTLE  CREEK,  t  Warren  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  4,143. 

TURTLE  CREEK,  t  Shelby  co.  Ohio,  con 
taining  the  village  of  Sydney.  Pop.  296. 

TURTLE  INLET,  channel  between  two 
small  islands  on  the  coast  of  N.  J.  Lon.  74° 
47' W.;  lat.  39°  2' N. 

TURTLE  RIVER,  r.  Geo.  runs  into  the 
sea,  Ion.  71°  40'  W. ;  lat.  31°  12'  N. 

TUSCALOOSA,  co.  Al.  bounded  S.  by  Perry 
and  Greene,  W.  by  Pickins,  N.  by  Jefferson, 
and  E.  by  Shelby  and  Bibb.  Length  40  m. 
mean  width  30.  Tuscaloosa  river  crosses  this 
co.  from  N.  to  S.  Chief  town,  Tuscaloosa.  Pop. 
in  1820,  8,229 ;  in  1830,  13,646. 

TUSCALOOSA,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Tus 
caloosa  co.  Al.  and  also  seat  of  government  in 
that  state,  is  situated  on  the  bank  of  Tusca 
loosa  river,  about  60  m.  above  its  mouth,  120 
SSW.  from  Huntsville,  and  200  a  little  E.  of 
N.  from  Mobile. 

TUSCARAWAS,  name  frequently  applied 
to  the  main  branch  of  the  Muskingum,  above 
Coshocton. 

TUSCARAWAS,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by 
Stark,  E.  by  Harrison,  S.  by  Harrison  and 
Guernsey,  and  W.  by  Coshocton  cos.  It  is  30 
m.  by  29  in  extent.  Chief  town,  New  Phila 
delphia.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,328 ;  in  1830, 14,298. 

TUSCARAWAS,  small  v.  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Tuscarawas  river,  and  in  the  co.  of  the 
same  name,  Ohio,  9  m.  southerly  from  New 
Philadelphia. 

TUSCARAWAS,  t  Stark  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,524. 

TUSCARORA  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into 
the  Juniatta,  12  m.  SE.  from  Lewistown. 

TUSCARORA  VALLEY,  v.  Mifflin  co.  Pa. 

TUSCUMBIA,  v.  Franklin  co.  AL  249  m. 
NNW.  from  Cahawba. 

TWELVE  ISLES,  or  Twelve  Apostles, 
islands  on  the  S.  side  of  Lake  Superior. 

TWELVE  MILE  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  runs 
into  the  Saluda. 

TWIGGS,  co.  Geo.  bounded  W.  by  the  Oak- 
mulgec  river  or  Monroe  co.  Jones  co.  NW. 


TWI— UNI 


423 


Wilkinson  NE.  and  Pulaski  SE.  Length  27  m. 
mean  width  15.  Chief  town,  Marion.  Pop.  in 
1820, 10,447;  in  1830,  8,029. 

TWIN,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,228. 

TWIN,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,893. 

TWIN,  t.  Darke  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  590. 

TWO  LICK  CREEK,  r.  Indiana  co.  Pa. 
runs  S.  into  the  Conemaugh. 

TYBEE,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Geo.  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Savannah.  A  light-house,  80  feet 
high,  stands  on  this  island,  in  Ion.  81°  10'  W.; 
lat.  32^  N. 

TYE,  r.  Va.  runs  into  James  river. 

TYEMOCHTEE,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  the 
Sandusky,  12  m.  below  Upper  Sandusky. 

TYGART'S  VALLEY  RIVER,  r.  Va. 
flows  through  Randolph  co.  and  unites  with 
Buchanan  river. 

TYGER,  r.  S.  C.  runs  SE.  and  unites  with 
Broad  river,  5  m.  above  the  Enoree. 

TYGER'S  CREEK,  r.  La.  runs  into  the 
Missouri,  276  m.  W.  of  the  Mississippi. 

TYGER'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  Ion.  83°  W.;  lat.  38°  22' N. 

TYNGSBOROUGH,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass, 
on  W.  side  of  the  Merrimack,  and  NW.  side  of 
Chelmsford ;  28  m.  NW.  from  Boston.  Large 
quantities  of  beautiful  stone  for  building,  are 
obtained  in  this  town  and  Chelmsfbrd,  and  con- 
veyed  down  the  Middlesex  canal  to  Boston. 

TYONISTA,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the  Allegheny, 
Ion.  73°  30'  W. ;  lat.  41°  29'  N. 

TYRINGHAM,  t  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  14 
m.  SSE.  from  Lenox,  116  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,351. 

TYRREL,  co.  E.  side  of  N.  C.  Pop.  4,732 
Chief  town,  Columbia. 

U. 

ULSTER,  t.  Bradford  co.  Pa.  on  the  right 
side  of  the  Susquehannah  river,  above  Towan- 
da.  Pop.  383. 

ULSTER,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Greene 
co.  E.  by  the  Hudson,  S.  by  Orange  co.  SW, 
by  Sullivan  co.  and  NW.  by  Delaware  co, 
Pop.  in  1820,  30,934 ;  in  1830,  36,551.  Chief 
town,  Kingston. 

ULYSSES,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  at  S 
end  of  Lake  Cayuga,  14m.  SE.  from  Ovid.  It 
contains  2  post-villages,  Ithaca  and  Tremain 
Pop.  3,130. 

UMBAGOG,  lake,  in  N.  Hampshire  and 
Maine.  It  is  18  m.  long,  and,  where  widest, 
10  broad.  Lat.  44°  427N.  It  is  chiefly  in 
Maine :  that  part  belonging  to  N.  Hampshire 
is  within  the  townships  of  Errol  and  Cam 
bridge. 

UMBERSTON  CREEK,  r.  Virginia,  runs 
into  the  Potomac,  lat.  39°  35'  N. 

UNADILLA,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.Y.  34  m 
SW.  from  Cooperstown,  100  WSW.  from  Al 
bany.  Pop.  2,313.  It  lies  on  W.  side  of  the 
Susquehannah,  and  on  E.  side  of  the  Unadilla 

UNADILLA,  r.  N.  Y.  separates  the  coun 
ties  of  Otsego  and  Chenango,  and  runs  into  the 
Susquehannah,  Ion.  75°  587  W. ;  lat.  42°  19'  N 

UNDERBILL,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  34  m 
NW.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,050. 


UNICORN,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  59  m.  W. 

rom  Philadelphia. 

UNION,  r.  Maine,  runs  S.  into  Bluehill 
Bay. 

UNION,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  29  m.  NE.  from 
Viscasset,  190  NE.  from  Boston.    Pop.  1,612. 
UNION,  t.  ToUand  co.  Ct.  6  m.  E.  from 
Stafford.     Pop.  711. 

UNION,  t.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Sus- 
uehannah,  6  m.  W.  from  Chenango  Point,  140 
W.  from  Catskill.     Pop.  2,122. 

UNION,  v-  in  Nassau,  N.Y.  11  m.  SE. 
rom  Albany. 

UNION,  v.  in  Greenwich,  N.  34  m.  N.frorn 
Albany.  It  contains  2  meeting-houses,  and 
an  academy. 

UNION,  v.  Bern,  N.  Y.  21  m.  N.  from 
Albany. 

UNION,  v.  Peru,  N.  Y.  150  m.  W.  from 
Albany. 

UNION,  or  Uniontown,  t.  bor.  and  cap. 
Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  the  Redstone,  300  m.  W. 
from  Philadelphia,  and  193  from  W.  Pop. 
2,433.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
jank,  an  academy,  a  printing-office,  2  or  3 
louses  of  public  worship,  and  in  the  town  and 
vicinity  are  many  mills. 

UNION,  co.  Pa.  bounded  by  Susquehannah 
river  E.  Mifflin  S.  and  SW.  Centre  W.  and 
Lycoming  N.  Length  26  m.  mean  width  21. 
Chief  town,  New  Berlin.  Pop.  in  1820, 18,619  , 
in  1830,  20,749. 

UNION,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Union  dis 
trict,  S.  C.  60  m.  NNW.  from  Columbia. 

UNION,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Delaware  E. 
Madison  and  Champaign  S.  Logan  W.  and 
Hardin  and  Marion  N.  Length  27  in.  breadth 
17.  Soil  generally  fertile.  Chief  town,  Mary s- 
ville.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,996;  in  1830,  3,192. 

UNION,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Ohio  river  W. 
and  NW.  Henderson  co.  NE.  Hopkins  SE. 
and  Livingston  co.  SW.  Length  30  m.  mean 
width  16.  This  co.  lies  opposite  to  the  mouth 
of  Wabash  river.  Chief  town,  Morganfield. 
Pop.  in  1820,  3,470  ;  in  1830,  4,435. 

UNION,  co.  II.  bounded  by  the  Mississippi 
river  W.  Jackson  and  Franklin  cos.  N.  and 
Johnson  E.  Length  24  m.  breadth  18.  Chief 
towns,  Hamburg  and  Jonesborough.  Pop.  in 
18PO,  2,362;  in  1830,  3,239. 

UNION,  district,  S.  C.  bounded  by  Broad 
river,  or  York,  Chester,  and  Fairfield  districts 
E.  Enoree  river,  or  Newberry  and  Laurens 
districts  SW.  and  Spartanburg  W.  and  NW. 
Length  45  m.  mean  width  15.  Chief  town, 
Union. 

UNION,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.   Pop.  1,370. 

UNION,  t.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,799. 

UNION,  t.  Loudon  co.  Va.  58  m.  from  W. 

UNION,  or  Shakerstown,  t.  Warren  co. 
Ohio,  4  m.  W.  from  Lebanon.  It  is  a  pleasant 
settlement  of  Shakers. 

UNION,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  851. 

UNION,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,439. 

UNION,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,469. 

UNION,  t.  Miami  co.Ohio.    Pop.  1,578. 

UNION,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  836. 

UNION,  v.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  139. 


424 


UNI— VAS 


UNION,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  957 

UNION,  t.   Muskingum  co.   Ohio.     Pop 

1,337. 

UNION,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  2,654. 

UNION,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  674. 
UNION,  t.  and  cap.  Monroe  co.  Va.  17  m 
S.  from  Lewisburg,  about  45  ra.  W.  by  N.  froir 
Fincastle,  267  from  W. 

UNION  BRIDGE,  v.  Frederick  co.  Md.  62 
m.  from  W. 

UNION  MILLS,  v.  Frederick  co.  Md  7 
m.  from  W. 

UNION  MILLS,  v.  Fluvanna  co.  Va.  on  the 
Rivanna. 

UNION  SPRINGS,  v.  in  Aurelius,  N.  Y. 

UNIONTOWN,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  66  m 
from  W. 

UNIONTOWN,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio. 

UNIONVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Union  district, 
S.  C.  75  m.  N.  from  Columbia,  467  from  W 

UNITIA,  v.  Blount  co.  Ten.  190  m.  east 
ward  from  Murfreesborough. 

UNITY,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  30  m.  NNE, 
from  Augusta,  196  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop, 
1,299. 

UNITY,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.  9  m.  NE, 
from  Charlestown,  93  NW.  from  Boston.  Pop, 
1,258. 

UNITY,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Md.  30  m.  N. 
from  W. 

UNITY,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,757. 

UPPER,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  674. 

UPPER  SANDUSKY,  v.  Crawford  co 
Ohio,  on  Sandusky  river,  about  80  m.  a  little 
W.  of  N.  from  Columbus.  Lat.  40°  49'  N. 

UPPER  THREE  RUNS,  v.  Barnwell  dis 
trict,  S.  C. 

UPPERVILLE,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va.  52  m. 
from  W. 

UPSON,  co.  Geo.  in  the  NW.  part  of  the 
state.  Pop.  7,013. 

UPTON,  Worcester  co.  Mass.  14  m.  SE. 
from  Worcester,  38  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,157. 

URBANNA,t.  and  cap.  Champaign  co.Ohio, 
34  m.  NE.  from  Dayton,  44  W.  by  N.  from 
Columbus,  447  from  W.  Lon.  83°  43'  W. ; 
lat.  40°  3'  N.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  market-house, 
a  bank,  a  Methodist  meeting-house,  and  a 
printing-office.  It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  tract 
of  country.  Pop.  2,354. 

URBANNA,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Va.  on  SW. 
side  of  the  Rappahannock,  60  m.  ENE.  from 
Richmond. 

URBANNA,  v.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  225  m. 
W.  from  Albany. 

USTAYANTHO,  lake,  N.  Y.  from  which 
the  river  Delaware  takes  its  rise. 

UTICA,  v.  Clarke  co.  In.  on  Ohio  river, 
opposite  Transylvania,  in  Jefferson  co.  Ken. 

UTICA,  city,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  S.  bank 
of  the  Mohawk,  4  m.  SE.  from  Whitesborough, 
14  ESE.  from  Rome,  93  W.  by  N.  from  Alba- 
ny,  392  from  W.  I.on.  75°  13'  W.;  lat.  43° 
6  N.  It  is  pleasantly  situated,  handsomely 
laid  out,  and  well  built,  and  contains  8  houses 
of  public  worship,  for  Presbyterians,  Episcopa 


lians,  Scotch  Presbyterians,  Methodists,  and 
Baptists ;  an  academy,  a  free-school,  a  court 
house,  a  bank,  an  insurance  office,  several 
manufactories,  and  has  an  extensive  trade.  It 
is  situated  in  a  fertile  country,  is  a  wealthy 
and  flourishing  town,  and  the  commercial  capi 
tal  of  the  western  part  of  the  state.  It  is  a 
noted  point  of  union  for  arriving  and  depart 
ing  stages.  This  town  has  gained  its  import 
ance  by  being  favorably  situated  in  regard  to 
commerce  and  agricultural  wealth.  Pop.  in 
1820,  2,972;  in  1830,  8,323,  having  almost 
tripled  its  population  since  the  last  census. 
The  U.  States  district  court  is  held  here. 

UTRECHT,  or  New  Utrecht,  t.  Kings  co. 
N.  Y.  on  W.  end  of  Long  Island,  on  E.  side 
of  the  Narrows,  9  m.  S.  from  New  York.  Pop. 
1,217. 

UXBRIDGE,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18  m. 
SSE.  from  Worcester,  40  SW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  2,086.  It  borders  on  Rhode  Island,  and 
is  watered  by  Blackstone,  Mumford,  and  West 
rivers.  It  is  a  pleasant  and  considerable  agri 
cultural  town,  and  contains  valuable  mills,  and 
some  manufacturing  establishments. 

V. 

VALLEY  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the 

Schuylkill.     Lat  40°  1'  N. 

VALLEY  FORGE,  place  in  Pa.  near  the 
union  of  Valley  Creek  with  the  Schuylkill,  15 
m.  NW.  from  Philadelphia. 

VALONI  A,  t.  Jackson  co.  Indiana,  64  m.  S. 
from  Indianapolis. 

VANCEBURG,  v.  Lewis  co.  Ken.  99  m. 
from  Frankfort.  Pop.  93. 

VANCOUVER'S  FORT,  Ken.  at  the  union 
of  the  two  branches  of  Sandy  river. 

VANDALIA,  t.  Fayette  co.  II.  55  m.  from 
St.  Louis.  Vandalia  has  been  selected  as  the 
political  metropolis  of  this  state.  It  is  pleas 
antly  situated  on  a  high  bank  of  the  Kaskas- 
kia  river,  in  the  centre  of  a  rich  and  thriving 
country.  It  was  founded  but  a  few  years  since. 
But  respectable  houses  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  government  and  the  courts  have  already 
been  erected.  Many  handsome  brick  build 
ings  have  arisen.  A  weekly  gazette  is  issued, 
and  it  exhibits  the  aspect  of  a  respectable  vil 
lage,  having  from  SO  to  100  houses.  Lon. 
from  W.  12°  1'  W. ;  lat.  39°  5'  N. 

VANDERBURGH,  co.  In.  bounded  by  the 
Ohio  river  S.  Posey  W.  and  N.  and  Warrick  E. 
Length  20  m.  mean  width  12.  It  is  drained 
jy  Big  Pigeon  creek.  Pop,  2,610.  Chief 
town,  Evansville. 

VANGEVILLE,  t.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio  river, 
at  the  mouth  of  Salt  Lick  creek,  36  m.  above 
Maysville.  It  has  some  salt-works. 

VANSVILLE,  t.  Prince  George  co.  Md.  14 
n.  fromW.  Lat.  39°  2' N. 

VANWERT,  co.  in  the  NW.  part  of  Ohirf, 
)ounded  by  Paulding  N.  Putnam  and  Allen  E. 
VIercer  S.  and  state  of  Indiana  W.  Length 
24m.  width  18.  Pop.  432. 

VARENNES,  v.  Pendleton  co.  S.C.  143  m. 
NW.  from  Columbia. 

VARIETY,  v.  Nelson  co.  Va. 

VASSALBOROUGII,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me 


VEA—VEV 


425 


on  E.  side  of  the  Kennebeck  river,  opposite 
Sidney,  8  m.  N.  from  Augusta,  180  NNE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  2,761.  This  is  a  large  and  val 
uable  agricultural  town. 

VEAL  TOWN,  t.  N.  J.  14  m.  NNW.  from 
New  Brunswick. 

VENANGO,  co.  NW.  part  of  Pa.  bounded 
N.  by  Crawford  and  Warren  cos.  E.  by  Jeffer 
son,  S.  by  Armstrong  and  Butler,  and  W.  by 
Mercer.  Pop.  9,128.  Chief  town,  Franklin. 

VENANGO,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.    Pop.  544. 

VENICE,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  on  S.  side  of 
Sandusky  Bay,  4  m.  W.  from  the  new  town  of 
Sandusky.  This  town  has  a  good  harbor,  and 
is  flourishing. 

VENICE,  v.  Cayuga  co.  N.Y.  20  m.  N.  from 
Ithaca,  and  15  S.  from  Auburn. 

VENUS,  t.  and  cap.  Hancock  co.  II.  133  m. 
from  Vandalia,  and  914  from  W. 

VERA  CRUZ,  formerly  an  intendency,  now 
a  state  of  the  republic  of  Mexico.  It  is  a  long 
narrow  slip,  extending  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
450  m.  with  a  mean  width  of  60  m.  lying  be 
tween  lat.  17°  and  22°  20'  N.  In  all  Its  great 
line  of  sea-coast,  not  one  really  good  harbor 
exists.  There  are  few,  if  any  other  regions 
of  the  world  where  transition  of  soil,  eleva 
tion,  and  vegetable  life  are  more  rapid  and 
striking.  The  western  part  rises  on  the  de 
clivity  of  Anahuac.  In  one  day  the  traveller 
ascends  from  the  parched  plains  near  the  Mex 
ican  Gulf,  to  the  region  of  perpetual  snow. 
Staples,  vanilla,  cocoa,  tobacco,  cotton,  sugar, 
and  rice.  This  intendency  contains  the  two 
great  volcanic  summits  of  Orizaba,  and  Coffre 
de  Perote.  In  it,  near  Papantla,  are  found 
very  well  preserved  remains  of  ancient  monu 
ments.  Its  cities  are  Vera  Cruz,  Xalapa,  Pe 
rote,  Cordoba,  Orizaba,  and  Tlacotlalpan. 

VERA  CRUZ,  city  of  Mexico,  and  capital 
of  the  state  of  the  same  name.  This  city, 
beautiful  and  wealthy  from  art,  owes  nothing 
to  nature.  It  stands  on  the  low,  sandy,  and 
insalubrious  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The 
harbor,  if  it  ought  to  be  so  called,  is  in  some 
measure  protected  by  the  small  island  of  St. 
Jean  d'Uloa,  but  is  in  reality  very  insecure. 
The  winter  population  of  Vera  Cruz  is  about 
17,000,  but  in  summer  the  yellow  fever  drives 
the  wealthy  to  Xalapa,  and  other  places  of  the 
interior.  Arid  sands  environ  this  city,  which 
depends  on  foreign  commerce  for  its  very  exist 
ence.  Lat.  1 9°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  19°  9'  W. 

VERA  PAZ,  province  of  Guatemala,  bound 
ed  on  the  N.  by  Jucatan,  E.  by  the  bay  and 
province  of  Honduras,  S.  by  Guatemala  proper, 
and  W.  by  Chiapa.  It  is  full  of  mountains 
and  forests ;  but  there  are  many  fertile  val 
leys,  which  feed  a  great  number  of  horses  and 
mules.  There  are  also  many  towns  and  vil 
lages  of  the  native  Americans.  The  capital, 
of  the  same  name,  or  Coban,  is  a  bishop's  see, 
but  is  inconsiderable.  It  is  120  m.  NE.  from 
Guatemala.  Lon.  90°  55'  W. ;  lat.  15°  30'  N. 

VERDIGRIS,  r.  Miso.  joins  the  Arkansas, 
15  or  20  m.  above  Canadian  river.  It  is  nav 
igable  150  m. 

VERGENNES,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Otter 
creek,  llm.  below  Middlebury,  and  20  S.  from 
3D 


Burlington.  Pop.  999.  It  is  situated  on  both 
sides  of  the  Otter  creek,  at  the  head  of  navi 
gation,  6  m.  above  Basin  Harbor  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river.  It  is  pleasantly  situated,  and 
contains  a  woollen  manufactory,  extensive 
clothiers'  works,  iron  works,  2  large  grist- 
mills,  and  several  saw-mills,  and  has  consider 
able  trade. 

VERMILLION,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake 
Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Vermillion  r.  about 
40  m.  W.  from  Cleveland. 

VERMILLION,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  Lake 
Erie,  9  m.  E.  from  Huron  river. 

VERMILLION,  r.  II.  runs  into  the  Illinoig 
river,  150  m.  from  the  Mississippi.  It  is  rocky 
and  not  navigable. 

VERMILLION,  r.  In.  flows  into  the  Wa- 
bash,  about  40  m.  below  Ouiatan. 

VERMILLION,  r.  La.  flows  into  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  W.  of  a  bay  of  the  same  name. 

VERMILLION,  r.  La.  joins  the  Arkansas. 

VERMILLION  BRIDGE,  v.  Attakapas  dis 
trict,  La. 

VERMILLION  POINT,  or  Cape  Towns- 
end,  a  peninsula  in  Lake  Michigan,  which 
separates  Green  Bay  from  the  other  part  of 
the  lake.  It  is  23  leagues  long,  and  from  1  to 
3  broad. 

VERMILLION,  co.  II.  on  Vermillion  of 
Wabash,  and  N.  from  Edgar  co.  It  is  travers 
ed  by  lat.  40°  N. 

VERMILLION,  C.  H.  Vermillion  co.  II. 
about  120  m.  NE.  from  Vandalia,  and  100  a 
little  N.  of  W.  from  Indianapolis,  in  In. 

VERMILLION,  t.  Huron  eo.  Ohio,  on  Ver- 
million  river.  Pop.  505. 

VERMILLION,  URichland  co.Ohio.  Pop. 
1,451. 

VERMONT,  one  of  the  U.S.    See  page  52 

VERNON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Hiekman 
co.  Ten.  on  the  left  bank  of  Duck  river. 

VERNON,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  6  m.  WSW. 
from  Tolland.  Pop.  1,164. 

VERNON,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  17  m.  W 
from  Utica.  Pop.  3,045. 

VERNON,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

VERNON,  or  Smithfield,  t.  TiumbuU  co. 
Ohio,  20  m.  NE.  from  Warren. 

VERNON,  t.  Clinton  eo.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,043. 

VERNON,  New,  v.  Morris  eo.  N.  J. 

VERNON,  t.  Jennings  eo.  In.  25  m.  NW. 
from  Madison. 

VERONA,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.Y.  on  Wood 
creek,  and  E.  of  Oneida  Lake,  20  m.  W.  from 
Utica.  Pop.  3,739.  Great  quantities  of  iron 
ore,  and  sand  suitable  for  making  glass,  are 
found  in  this  town. 

VERSAILLES,  t.  and  cap.  Woodford  co. 
Ken.  on  the  river  Kentucky,  12  m.  SW.  from 
Lexington,  547  from  W.  Pop.  904.  It  is  a 
handsome  and  flourishing  town,  containing  a 
bank,  and  an  academy. 

VERSHIRE,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  on  E.  side  of 
Chelsea,  32  m.  N.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,260 

VESSEL  BAY,  on  E.  shore  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  extending  NE.  into  the  township  of 
Charlotte. 

VEVAY,  t.  and  cap.  Switzerland  eo.  Indiana, 
on  the  Ohio,  8  m.  above  the  mouth  of  the  Ken- 


426 


VIC— WAB 


tucky  river,  nearly  equidistant  from  Cincin 
nati,  Louisville,  and  Lexington,  about  45  m. 
from  each,  and  556  from  W.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  contains  between  2  and  300 
houses,  a  court-house,  jail,  academy,  printing- 
office,  from  which  issues  a  weekly  journal,  a 
branch  of  the  bank  of  Indiana,  and  some  other 
public  buildings.  This  interesting  town  was 
commenced  in  1804,  by  30  Swiss  families,  to 
whom  the  United  States  made  a  grant,  under 
favorable  stipulations,  of  a  considerable  tract 
of  land,  to  patronize  the  cultivation  of  the  vine. 
The  patriarch  of  this  colony  was  a  Swiss  gen 
tleman,  of  the  name  of  J.  J.  Dufour,  who  con 
tinued  an  intelligent  friend  to  the  town.  The 
colony  soon  received  considerable  accessions 
from  the  mountains  of  Switzerland.  In  grate 
ful  remembrance  of  their  native  hills,  and  to 
create  in  the  bosom  of  their  adopted  country 
tender  associations  with  their  ancient  country, 
they  named  their  stream  Venoge,  and  their 
town  Vevay.  Messrs.  Dufour,  Morerod,  Bet- 
tens,  Siebenthal,  and  others,  commenced  the 
cultivation  of  the  grape  on  a  large  scale.  This 
cultivation  has  gone  on  steadily  increasing. 
A  hundred  experiments  have  been  since  com 
menced  in  different  points  of  the  west.  But 
this  still  remains  the  largest  vineyard  in  the 
United  States.  We  have  witnessed  nothing 
in  our  country,  in  the  department  of  garden 
ing  and  cultivation,  which  can  compare  with 
the  richness  of  this  vineyard,  in  the  autumn, 
when  the  clusters  are  in  maturity.  Words 
feebly  paint  such  a  spectacle.  The  horn  of 
plenty  seems  to  have  been  emptied  in  the  pro- 
Juction  of  this  rich  fruit. 

VICKSBURGH,  v.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 

VICKSBURGH,  v.  Warren  co.  Mis.  about 
60  m.  NNE.  from  Natchez. 

VICTORY,  t.  NW.  part  of  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 
12  m.  a  little  N.  of  E.  from  Montezuma. 

VICTORY,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  55  m.  ENE. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  53. 

VIDALIA,  v.  parish  of  Concordia,  La.  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  directly  op 
posite  Natchez.  It  is  a  small  village  in  a 
single  street,  parallel  to  the  river,  and  within 
the  levee. 

VIELLEBOROUGH,  v.  Caroline  co.  Va.  71 
m.  from  W. 

VIENNA,  t  Kennebcck  co.  Me.  26  m.  NW. 
from  Augusta,  G61  from  W.  Pop.  417. 

VIENNA,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Dorchester 
co.  Md.  on  the  Nanticoke,  19  m.  SE.  from  Cam 
bridge.  It  contains  only  about  20  houses. 
The  shipping  belonging  to  this  port,  in  1816, 
amounted  to  19,214  tons. 

VIENNA,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Johnson  co. 
II.  40  m.  NE.  from  the  mouth  of  Ohio  r.  167 
from  Vandalia,  and  817  from  W. 

VIENNA,  t,  Trumbull  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  910. 

VIENNA,  t.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C.  on  the 
Savannah  r.  52  m.  above  Augusta. 

VIENNA,  t.  Ohio  co.  Ken.  on  Green  river, 
20  m.  WNW.  from  Hartford. 

VIGO,  co.  In.  bounded  by  the  state  of  Illi 
nois  W.  Parke  N.  Putnam  E.  and  Sullivan  S. 
Length  20  m.  mean  width  18.  Pop.  5,737. 


The  chief  town,  Terre  Haute,  is  situated  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Wabash,  60  m.  by  land 
above  Vincerines. 

VILLAGE  GREEN,  v.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  5 
m.  W.  from  Chester,  and  20  SW.  from  Phila 
delphia. 

VILLAGE  HILL,  v.  Nottaway  co.  Va. 

VILLAGE  SPRINGS,  v.  Blount  co.  Al.  181 
m.  N.  from  Cahawba. 

yiLLEPUCHE,  v.  Miso.  on  W.  side  of  the 
Mississippi,  19  m.  below  St.  Louis. 

VINALHAVENj  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  13  m. 
S.  from  Castine,  210  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,794.  It  is  situated  on  the  Fox  Islands,  in 
Penobscot  Bay. 

VINCENNES,  t.  and  cap.  Knox  co.  In.  on 
E.  bank  of  the  Wabash,  100  m.  from  its  junc 
tion  with  the  Ohio,  in  a  direct  line,  and  nearly 
200  m.  by  the  course  of  the  river,  120  W.  from 
Louisville,  150  m.  NE.  from  Kaskaskia,  and 
693  from  W.  Lon.  88°  23'  W. ;  lat.  40°  39'  N. 
It  has  improved  rapidly  of  late,  and  contains 
300  houses,  a  brick  court-house  and  hotel,  a 
jail,  a  respectable  building  for  an  academy,  a 
Roman  Catholic  and  a  Presbyterian  church, 
land-office,  post-office,  two  printing  offices,  from 
one  of  which  is  issued  a  respectable  gazette, 
a  bank,  and  some  other  public  buildings,  and 
1,500  inhabitants.  It  is  situated  contiguous 
to  a  beautiful  prairie,  5,000  acres  of  which  are 
cultivated  as  a  common  field,  after  the  ancient 
French  custom.  It  was  for  a  long  time  the 
seat  of  the  territorial  government,  and  still  has 
as  much  trade  as  any  other  place  in  the  state. 
The  plat  of  the  town  is  level,  and  laid  off  with 
regularity.  The  houses  have  extensive  gardens, 
crowded  after  the  French  fashion  with  fruit 
trees.  It  is  accessible,  for  the  greater  part  of 
the  year,  by  steam-boats,  and  is  a  place  of  ex 
tensive  supply  of  merchandise  to  the  interior 
of  the  state. 

VINCENT,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  on  SW.  side 
of  the  Schuylkill.  Pop.  2,147. 

VINEYARD,  t.  Grand  Isle  co.  Vt.  34  m. 
N.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  459. 

VINEYARD,  New,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  15 
m.  WNW.  from  Norridgewock.  Pop.  869. 

VINEYARD,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

VIRGIL,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.Y.  10  m.  S. 
from  Homer,  and  155.  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
3,912. 

VIRGINIA,  state  of  the  U.  S.   See  page  91. 

VIRGIN  ISLANDS,  about  30  islands  and 
keys  in  the  West  Indies,  between  St.  Juan  de 
Puerto  Rico  and  the  Leeward  Caribbee  Islands. 
They  are  possessed  by  the  English  and  Danes. 

VOLNEY,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Os- 
wego,  50  m.  W.  from  Rome.  Pop.  3,629.  A 
valuable  quarry  of  stone,  of  which  grind-stones, 
&c.  are  made,  is  found  at  Oswego  falls  in  this 
town. 

VOLUNTOWN,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  16  m. 
E.  from  Norwich.  Pop.  1,304. 

W. 

WABASH,  r.  In.  waters  the  middle  and 
western  part  of  the  state,  and  flows  into  the 
Ohio,  30  m,  above  Cumberland  river.  It  is 


WAB— WAR 


427 


upwards  of  500  m.  long,  and  is  navigable  for 
keel-boats  400  m.  to  Ouiatan,  and  also  for  small 
boats  to  within  8  m.  of  the  Maumee. 

WABASH,  Little,  r.  In.  runs  SE.  into  the 
Wabash,  a  fcw  miles  above  the  Ohio. 

WABISAPENCUN,  r.  La.  runs  into  the 
Mississippi.  Lat.  41°  40'  N. 

WACHUSETT,  mt  in  Princeton,  Mass. 
The  height  of  this  mountain  was  measured 
by  a  barometer,  and  found  to  be  2,020  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

WADESBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Anson  co. 
N.  C.  70  m.  SSE.  from  Salisbury,  76  W.  from 
Fayetteville. 

WADE'S  POINT,  cape,  on  the  coast  of 
N.  C.  Lon.  76°  20'  W.;  lat.  36°  7'  N. 

WADING  RIVER,  v.  in  Riverhead,  N.  Y. 

WADMELAW,  r.  S.  C.  separates  the  island 
of  St  John  from  the  continent. 

WADMELAW,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  of 
S.  C.  which  communicates  with  St.  John's  Isl 
and  by  means  of  a  bridge. 

WAHNAACHA,  r.  N.  America,  runs  SE. 
into  the  Columbia,  below  Clarke's  river. 

WAITSFIELD,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  18 
m.  SW,  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  958.  This  is 
a  valuable  agricultural  township. 

WAIT'S  RIVER,  r.  Vt  runs  into  the  Con- 
necticut,  12  m.  below  Well's  river. 

WAKATOMIKA,  r.  Ohio,  runs  SE.  and 
joins  the  Muskingum,  13  m.  above  Zanesville. 

WAKAYGAGH,  or  Fort,  r.  NW.  territory, 
runs  into  Lake  Michigan.  Lon.  87°  9' W.; 
lat.  42°  58'  N. 

WAKE,  co.  central  part  of  N.  Carolina. 
Pop.  20,417.  Chief  town,  Raleigh. 

WAKEFIELD,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  25  m. 
ENE.  from  Gilmanton,  42  NNW.  from  Ports 
mouth.  Pop.  1,470.  It  contains  a  cotton 
manufactory  and  an  academy. 

WALDEN,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  7  m.  NW. 
from  Danville,  22  NE.  from  Montpelier.  Pop. 
827. 

WALDOBOROUGH,  s-p.  Lincoln  co.  Me. 
22  m.  ENE.  from  Wiscasset,  180  NE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  3,113.  It  is  a  considerable  town. 
The  shipping  belonging  to  this  port,  in  1816, 
amounted  to  19,743  tons. 

WALES,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.     Pop.  612. 

WALKERSVILLE,  v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

WALKERSVILLE,  v.  Lincoln  co.  Gee, 

WALKERTOWN,  t.  King  and  Queen  co. 
Va.  on  the  Mattapony,  45  m.  NE.  from  Rich 
mond. 

WALLABOUT,  part  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  in 
which  is  a  U.  S.  navy -yard.  It  lies  NE.  of  the 
village. 

WALLACE,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  S. 
Carolina.  Lon.  78°  35'  W. ;  lat.  33°  54'  N. 

WALLINGFORD,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  32  m, 
W.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,740. 

WALLINGFORD,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct 
12  m.  NNE.  from  New  Haven.  Pop.  2,419. 

WALLKILL,  r.  rises  in  New  Jersey,  runs 
NE.  and  flows  into  the  Hudson,  near  Kingston, 
N.  Y.  It  passes  through  the  Drowned  Lands. 
Length  80  m. 

WALLKILL,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  20  m. 
W.  from  Newburgh,  Pop.  4,056. 


WALNUT,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
1,592. 

WALNUT,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  2,200 

WALNUT  BRANCH,  v.  Fauquier  ca  Va. 

WALNUT,  Big,  r.  Ohio,  rises  in  Delaware 
co.  and  joins  the  Scioto,  about  10  m.  below  Co 
lumbus. 

WALNUT  COVE,  v.  Campbell  co.  Ten. 

WALNUT  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  tho 
Scioto,  6  m.  above  Circleville. 

WALNUT  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  the 
Scioto,  10  m.  below  Chillicothe. 

WALNUT  GROVE,  v.  St.  Clair  co.  li 

WALNUT  GROVE,  v.  Mercer  co.  Ken. 

WALNUT  HILL,  v.Greenville  district, S.C. 

WALNUT  HILLS,  v.and  fort,  Warren  co. 
Miss,  on  the  Mississippi,  1 2  m.  S.  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Yazoo,  134  m.  above  Natchez. 

WALPOLE,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  20  m. 
SW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,442. 

WALPOLE,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
Connecticut,  opposite  Westminster,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  bridge,  12  m.  S.  from 
Charlestown,  13  NW.  from  Keene,  20  N.  by 
E.  from  Brattleborough,  60  W.  by  S.  from  Con 
cord,  90  WNW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,979. 

WALTHAM,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  30  m.  S. 
from  Burlington.  Pop.  330. 

WALTHAM,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass,  on  N. 
side  of  Charles  river,  which  separates  it  from 
Newton,  10  m.  W.  from  Boston,  34  E.  by  N. 
from  Worcester.  Pop.  1,859.  It  is  a  pleasant 
town,  and  contains  manufactories  of  woollen, 
cotton,  and  paper,  which  are  among  the  best 
and  most  extensive  establishments  of  the  kind 
in  the  country. 

WALTON,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y,  on  the 
Delaware,  15  m.  SW.  from  Delhi,  85  SW.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  1,672. 

WALTON,  co.  West  Florida.  Pop.  6,092. 
Chief  town,  Alaqua. 

WALTON,  co.  Geo.  bounded  SW.  by  New 
ton,  W.  by  Gwinnet,  NW.  by  Hall,  NE.  by 
Oconee  river,  or  by  Jackson  and  Clarke,  and 
SE.  by  Morgan  and  Jasper.  Length  25,  mean 
width  22  m.  Chief  town,  Monroe.  Pop.  in 
1820,4,192;  in  1830, 10,931. 

WANASQUIATUCKET,  r.  R.  I.  unites 
with  the  Moshasick,  just  above  Providence,  to 
form  Providence  river. 

WAPPINGER'S  CREEK,  v.  in  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y. 

WAPPINGER'S  CREEK,  r.  N.Y.  run. 
into  the  Hudson,  8  m.  S.  from  Poughkeepsie. 
Length  33  m. 

WAPPOCOMO,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Poto 
mac,  9  m.  ESE.  from  Fort  Cumberland. 

WARD,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  5  m.  SSW. 
from  Worcester,  45  WSW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
690. 

WARD'S  CREEK,  r.  Md.  runs  into  th« 
Chesapeake.  Lon.  76°  52'  W. ;  lat.  38°  8'  N. 

WARD^S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  runs  into  James 
river.  Lon.  77°  11'  W. ;  lat  37°  10'  N. 

WARDSBOROUGH,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt 
20  m.  NE.  from  Bennington.  Pop.  1,148. 

WARDSBRIDGE,  v.  Montgomery,  Orangre 
co.  N.Y. 

WARDWELL,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 


428 


WAR— WAR 


WARE,  t  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  21  m.  ESE. 
from  Northampton,  70  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
2,045, 

WARE,  r,  Worcester  co.  Mass,  runs  SW. 
and  unites  with  the  Chicapee,  W.  fr.  Palmer. 

WARE,  r,  Va.  runs  into  the  Chesapeake. 
Lon.  76°  26'  W. ;  lat.  37°  25'  N. 

WAREHAM,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass,  at  the 
head  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  17  m.  S.  from  Ply- 
mouth,  54  S.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,885.  It 
contains  a  cotton  manufactory,  and  a  furnace. 

WARMINSTER,  t  Amherst  co.  Va.  on 
James  river,  90  m.  above  Richmond. 

WARM  SPRING,  in  Bath  co.  Va.  issues 
in  a  large  stream,  sufficient  to  work  a  grist 
mill,  and  to  keep  its  basin,  which  is  30  feet  in 
diameter,  at  the  vital  warmth,  viz.  96°  of  Fah 
renheit  The  waters  afford  the  finest  natural 
bath  known  in  America,  and  are  efficacious  in 
rheumatism,  and  some  other  complaints.  Here 
is  a  post-office. 

WARM  SPRING  MOUNTAINS,  ridge  of 
the  Alleghany  mountains,  in  Bath  and  Pendle- 
ton  cos.  Va.  remarkable  for  warm  springs. 

WARM  SPRINGS,  v.  York  co.  Pa. 

WARM  SPRINGS,  v.  Buncombe  co.  N.  C. 

WARNER,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.H.  17  m. 
WNW.  from  Concord,  505  from  W.  Pop. 
2,221. 

WARNER,  r.  N.  H.  runs  into  the  Contoo- 
cook,  in  Hopkinton. 

WARREN,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  St.  George's 
river,  on  west  side  of  Thomastown,  30  m.  E. 
by  N,  from  Wiscasset,  145  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop,  2,030. 

WARREN,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt,  20  m. 
SW.  from  Montpelier,  Pop.  766. 

WARREN,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  11  m.  SE. 
from  Haverhill.  Pop.  702. 

WARREN,  t  Bristol  co.  IL  I.  on  NE.  part 
of  Narraganset  Bay,  4  m.  N.  from  Bristol,  10 
S.  from  Providence,  52  SSW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,800,  It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  con 
tains  a  bank,  an  insurance-office,  an  academy, 
a  printing-office,  and  3  houses  of  public  wor 
ship.  It  carries  on  considerable  trade  with 
the  West  Indies,  and  is  remarkable  for  ship 
building. 

WARREN,  t  Litchfield  co,  Ct  9  m.  W 
Litchfield.  Pop.  985. 

WARREN,  co.  N,  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Essex 
co.  E.  by  Washington  co.  S.  by  Saratoga  co. 
and  W,  by  Hamilton  co.  It  is  watered  by  the 
Hudson  and  Lake  George,  Pop.  11,795,  Chief 
town,  Caldwell. 

WARREN,  t,  Herkimer  co,  N.  Y.  10  m.  S 
from  Herkimer,  70  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,084.  Iron  ore  is  found  here. 

WARREN,  t  Somerset  co.  N,  J.  Pop.  1,561 
WARREN,  co.  NW.  part  of  Pa.  bounded 
N,  by  New  York,  E.  by  M'Kean  co.  S.  by  Jef 
ferson  and  Venango  cos.  and  W.  by  Crawfor 
and  Erie  cos.  Pop.  9,128.  Chief  town,  Warren 
It  is  watered  by  the  Alleghany, 

WARREN,  t  aud  cap.  Warren  co.  Pa,  on 
N.  side  of  the  Alleghany,  and  at  the  junction 
of  the  Conewango,  about  70  m.  ESE.  from 
Erie.  313  from  W. 


WARREN,  t.  Albemarle  co.  Va.  on  James 
iver,  10  m.  NE.  from  Warminster. 
WARREN,  co.  SW.  part  of  Ohio.    Pop. 
1,493.    Chief  town,  Lebanon. 

WARREN,  t.  and  cap.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio, 
n  the  Mahoning,  40  m.  SE.  from  Painesville, 
7  NW.  from  Pittsburg,  306  from  W.  It  is  a 
lourishing  town,  and  contains  the  county  build- 
ngs,  a  bank,  and  a  printing-office.  Pop.  510. 

WARREN,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,295. 

WARREN,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Ohio.  Pop.  1,576. 

WARREN,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  130. 

WARREN,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
>49. 

WARREN,  co.  N.  part  of  N.C.  Pop.  10,916. 
^hief  town,  Warrenton. 

WARREN,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Allen  SE. 
Simpson  S.  Logan  SW.  Butler  NW.  Green  r. 
)r  Grayson  and  Hart  N.  and  Barren  E.  Length 
}5  m.  mean  width  20.  Big  Barren  river  passes 
hrough  this  co.  Chief  town,  Bowling  Green. 
>op.  in  1820,  11,776 ;  in  1830, 10,947. 

WARREN,  co.  Ten.  bounded  by  Franklin 
S.  Rutherford  W.  Wilson  and  Smith  NW. 
3aney  fork  river  or  White  NE.  and  Bledsoe  SE. 
Length  40  m.  width  20.  Chief  town,  M'Min- 
/ille.  Pop.  in  1820,  10,348;  in  1830,  15,351. 

WARREN,  co.  Mis.  bounded  by  Missis 
sippi  river  W.  Yazoo  river  N.  Newpurchase 
3.  and  Big  Black  river  or  Claiborne  co.  S. 
Length  30  m.  width  11.  Pop.  in  1820,  2,693 ; 
n  1830,  7,861.  Chief  town,  Vicksburg. 

WARREN,  co.  central  part  of  Geo.  Pop. 
10,846.  Chief  town,  Warrenton. 

WARRENBURG,  t.  Warren  co.  N.Y.  on 
Scroon  river,  7  m.  NW.  from  Caldwell. 

WARRENBURG,  t.  Greene  co.  Ten. 

WARRENTON,  t.  and  cap.  Fauquier  co. 
Va,  40  m.  NNW.  from  Fredericksburg.  It  is 
a  pleasant  and  handsome  village,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  2  houses  of  public 
worship. 

WARRENTON,  t.  and  cap.  Warren  co. 
tf.  C.  16  m.  E.  by  N.  from  Hillsborough,  56 
NNE.  from  Raleigh,  84  S.  from  Petersburg, 
230  from  W.  It  has  an  elevated,  pleasant,  and 
bealthy  situation,  and  contains  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  a  Methodist  meeting-house,  and  two 
academies, 

WARRENTON,  t.  Warren  co.  Mis.  onE 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  about  18  m.  below 
Walnut  Hills. 

WARRENTON,  t  Warren  co.  Geo.  about 
55  m.  NNE.  from  Milledgeville. 

WARRICK,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Ohio  river 
S.  Vanderburg  and  Posey  W.  Pike  and  Dubois 
N.  and  Spencer  E.  and  SE.  Length  30  m. 
width  13,  area  410  sq.  ms.  It  is  drained  by 
Big  and  Little  Pigeon,  and  some  other  creeks. 
Chief  town,  Evansville.  Lat.  38°  5'  N. ;  Ion. 
from  W.  10°  10'  W. 

WARSAW,  t.  Genesee  co,  N.  Y.  20  m.  S. 
from  Batavia,  260  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,474. 

WARWICK,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md.  9  m.  NE.  from 
Georgetown. 


WAR— WAS 


429 


WARWICK,  t  Franklin  co.  Mass.  12  m. 
ENE.  from  Greenfield,  80  WNW.  from  Bos- 
ton.  Pop.  1,150.  Glass  is  manufactured  in  this 
town. 

WARWICK,  t  Kent  co.  R.  I.  on  west  side 
of  Providence  river,  10  m.  S.  from  Providence. 
Pop.  5,229. 

WARWICK,  t  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S. 
from  Goshen,  54  NW.  from  New  York.  Pop. 
5,013.  The  township  is  large,  and  contains  5 
houses  for  public  worship,  and  an  academy, 
and  has  extensive  iron  works. 

WARWICK,  co.  E.  part  of  Va.  bounded  N. 
by  York  co.  E.  by  Elizabeth  City  co.  SSW.  by 
James  river,  and  W.  by  James  City  co.  Pop. 
1,570. 

WARWICK,  t.  Chesterfield  co.  Va.  on  SW. 
side  of  James  river,  5  m.  below  Richmond,  17 
N.  from  Petersburg.  The  river  is  navigable 
to  this  place  for  vessels  drawing  12  feet  of 
water. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  E.  side  of  Me.  bound 
ed  E.  by  New  Brunswick,  S.  by  the  Atlantic, 
and  W.  by  Hancock  and  Penobscot  cos.  Pop. 
21,295.  Chief  towns,  Machias  and  Eastport. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  Vt.  in  the  central  part 
of  the  state,  bounded  NE.  by  Orange  and  Cal 
edonia  cos.  E.  by  Caledonia  co.  SE.  by  Orange 
co.  S.  by  Addison  co.  and  W.  by  Chittenden  co. 
Pop.  21,394.  Chief  town,  Montpelier. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  20  m. 
SE.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,374. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.  35 
W.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,135. 

WASHINGTON,  Mount,  the  highest  sum 
mit  of  the  White  Mountains,  N.  H.  See  White 
Mountains. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  8 
m.  E.  from  Lenox,  120  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
701. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  R.  I.  bounded  N.  by 
Kent  co.  E.  by  Narraganset  Bay,  S.  by  the  At 
lantic,  and  W.  by  Connecticut.  Pop.  15,414. 
Chief  town,  South  Kingston. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  10  m. 
SW.  from  Litchfield,  25  N.  by  E.  from  Dan- 
bury,  32  NNW.  from  New  Haven.  Pop.  1,621. 
It  is  a  considerable  town,  and  contains  exten 
sive  iron-works,  with  slittling-mills,  nail  facto 
ries,  and  various  other  mills  and  machinery. 
There  are  in  this  town  several  quarries  of  ex 
cellent  marble,  and  2  mills  constantly  employ 
ed  in  sawing  it.  A  mineral  spring,  iron  ore, 
limestone,  ochre,  fuller's  earth,  and  white  clay, 
are  found  in  this  town, 

WASHINGTON,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by 
Essex  co.  E.  by  Vermont,  S.  by  Rensselaer  co. 
and  W.  by  Saratoga  and  Warren  cos.  Pop. 
42,615.  Chief  towns,  Sandy  Hill  and  Salem. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.Y.  15 
m.  ENE.  from  Poughkeepsie.  Pop.  3,036.  Here 
is  a  respectable  Quaker  boarding-school.  The 
buiMing  is  3  stories  high,  and  accommodates 
100  .students. 

WASHINGTON,  v.  in  Waterviiet,  N.  Y. 
on  W.  side  of  the  Hudson,  nearly  opposite 
Troy,  5  in.  N.  from  Albany.  Here  is  a  large 
IL  S.  arsenal. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J. 


WASHINGTON,  co.  SW.  part  of  Pa.  bound- 
ed  N.  by  Beaver  co.  NE.  by  Alleghany  co.  E. 
by  Westmoreland  and  P'ayette  cos.  S.  by 
Greene  co.  and  W.  by  Virginia.  Pop.  42,784. 
Chief  town,  Washington. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  bor.  and  cap.  Washing 
ton  co.  Pa.  on  the  head  branches  of  Chartier's 
creek,  25  m.  SW.  from  Pittsburg,  25  WNW. 
from  Brownsville,  32  ENE.  from  Wheeling. 
Pop.  1,816.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  con 
tains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  2  printing-offices,  a 
college,  and  various  public  buildings  and  man 
ufacturing  establishments.  It  is  situated  in  a 
fertile,  well  cultivated,  but  broken  country. 
Washington  College,  at  this  place,  was  founded 
in  1806.  It  has  a  large  stone  edifice  of  3  sto 
ries,  for  the  accommodation  of  students.  The 
library  and  philosophical  apparatus  are  valua 
ble.  The  officers  are  a  president  and  2  profes 
sors,  one  of  languages  and  one  of  mathemati 
cal  and  natural  philosophy.  Commencement 
is  on  the  last  Thursday  in  September,  after 
which  there  is  a  vacation  till  the  first  of  No 
vember.  The  course  of  collegiate  education  is 
completed  here  in  3  years. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,037. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
5,181. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,125. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
2,919. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 
on  E.  side  of  the  Alleghany.  Pop.  2,153. 

WASHINGTON,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  on 
E.  bank  of  the  Susquehannah,  3  m.  below  Co 
lumbia.  Pop.  607. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  SE.  part  of  Ohio. 
Pop.  1,207.  Chief  town,  Marietta. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  Fayette  co. 
Ohio,  30  m.  NW.  from  Chillicothe,  40  SW. 
from  Columbus,  422  from  W.  Pop.  300. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  Great  Miami,  4  m.  N.  from  Troy. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  10 
m.  E.  from  Cambridge. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  2,282. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,015, 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  2,085. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  351. 

WASHINGTON,  t  Richland  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  1,33£ 

WASHINGTON,  co.  Va.  bounded  S.  by 
N.  Carolina,  W.  by  Scott  co.  Va.  NW.  by 
Russell,  N.  by  Tazewell,  NE.  by  Wythe,  and 
SE.  by  Grayson.  Length  50  m.  mean  width 
17.  Pop.  15,614.  Chief  town,  Abington. 

WASHINGTON,  NW.  co.  of  the  District 
of  Columbia,  bounded  SE.  by  the  city  of  Wash 
ington  and  Georgetown,  SW.  by  Potomac 
river,  W.  and  N.  by  Maryland,  and  E.  by 
East  Branch,  or  Anacostia  river.  Surface 
hilly,  and  soil  of  middling  quality.  Pop.  in 
1820,  2,729  ;  in  1830,  30,858. 


430 


WAS— WAS 


WASHINGTON,  t.  Burlington  oo.  N.  J. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Union  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,107. 

WASHINGTON  CITY,  capital  of  the 
United  States,  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Potomac,  and  the  right  bank  of  the  Anacostia, 
in  lat.  38°  54' ;  Ion.  0°,  being  intended  for  a 
first  meridian.  The  Tyber  runs  through  the 
middle  of  the  city,  and  may  be  conveyed  to 


the  high  ground  on  which  the  Capitol  stands  ; 
and  the  water  of  the  Tyber  and  the  Reedy 
Branch  may  be  conveyed  to  the  Capitol  and 
the  President's  House.  The  avenues,  and  such 
streets  as  lead  immediately  to  public  places, 
are  from  130  to  160  feet  wide,  divided  into 
foot-ways,  and  walks  of  trees,  and  carriage 
ways.  The  others  are  of  various  widths,  from 
70  to  110  feet :  the  avenues  and  streets  of  100 


WASHINGTON,  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


feet  and  upwards,  have  foot-ways  of  20  feet 
wide  ;  those  under  1QO  and  over  80,  have  foot 
ways  17  feet  wide ;  and  under  80  feet,  12  feet 
foot-ways.  The  ground  on  which  the  city 
stands,  was  ceded  by  the  state  of  Maryland  to 
the  U.  States  in  full  sovereignty,  and  the  pro 
prietors  of  the  soil  surrendered  their  lands  to  be 
laid  out  as  a  city,  gave  up  one-half  to  the  U.  S. 
and  subjected  other  parts  to  be  sold  to  raise 
money  as  a  donation  to  be  employed  and  consti- 
iute  a  fund  for  the  public  buildings.  The  build- 
rogs  belonging  to  the  U.  States,  are,  1.  The 
Capitol :  This  is  a  magnificent  structure  of  the 
C'orinthian  order.  It  is  situated  on  the  west 


ern  extremity  of  Capitol  Square,  73  feet  above 
the  tide-water  of  the  Potomac.  The  eminence 
commands  a  fine  view  of  the  city,  the  river, 
and  the  surrounding  country  :  (1 J  m.  W.  is  the 
President's  House  and  other  public  edifices.) 
The  Capitol  is  of  white  freestone,  composed  of 
a  central  edifice  and  two  wings,  and  is  of  the 
following  dimensions :  Length  of  front  350  feet, 
depth  of  wings  121,  east  projection  65,  west  do. 
83,  height  of  wings  to  top  of  balustrade  70,  do.  to 
top  of  centre  dome  120,  length  of  Representa 
tives'  Hall  95,  height  do.  60,  length  of  Senate 
Chamber  74,  height  do.  42,  diameter  of  Ro 
tunda  90,  height  do.  90.  The  Representatives' 


THE  CAPITOL,  AT  WASHINGTON. 


f  'hamber  is  a  magnificent  semicircular  apart 
ment,  supported  by  bluish  polished  stone  col 
umns,  lighted  from  above.  In  the  centre  of  the 
building  is  the  Rotunda,  90  feet  in  diameter, 
and  the  same  number  of  feet  in  height.  It  is 
ornamented  with  national  paintings,  represent 
ing  the  surrender  at  Saratoga  and  Yorktown, 


the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  Wash 
ington  Resigning  his  Commission.  Each  of 
these  paintings  is  12  feet  by  18.  There  are 
also  relievos  in  marble  representing  Pocahon- 
tas  rescuing  Capt.  Smith  from  death,  the  land 
ing  of  the  pilgrims  at  Plymouth,  one  of  Penn's 
treaties  with  the  Indians,  and  a  battle  between 


WAS— WAS 


431 


Boon  and  two  Indians.  This  noble  and  mag 
nificent  apartment  is  of  white  marble,  and 
lighted  from  the  dome.  Men  on  the  pediment 
seem  dwindled  to  atoms,  and  the  slightest 
noise  creates  echoes,  which  reverberate  upon 
the  ear  with  a  grand  and  surprising  effect. 
The  foundation  of  the  north  wing  was  laid  in 
the  presence  of  Gen.  Washington  in  1798,  and 
that  of  the  centre  in  1818,  on  the  anniversary 
of  its  destruction  by  the  British  in  1814. 


The  building  covers  nearly  2  acres,  and  the 
square  in  front  contains  22  £  acres,  compre 
hending  a  circumference  of  over  f  of  a  mile ; 
inclosed  by  an  iron  railing,  with  neat  gate 
ways  and  gravel-walks,  bordered  with  shrubs 
and  flowers,  forming  a  delightful  promenade. 
Pennsylvania  Avenue  is  the  principal  street  in 
Washington,  extending  from  the  west  front  of 
the  Capitol  to  the  President's  House.  The 
cost  of  the  Capitol  was  $2,596,500.  2.  The 


PRESIDENT'S  HOUSE,  AT  WASHINGTON. 


President's  House,  built  of  freestone,  2  stories 
high,  of  the  Ionic  order,  and  distant  from  the 
Capitol  about  1£  m.  3.  Four  buildings,  erect 
ed  in  a  line  E.  and  W.  of  the  President's 
House,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  principal 
departments  of  government,  and  subordinate 
offices  :  the  whole  are  of  brick,  2  stories  high, 
with  freestone  basements,  and  covered  with 
slate ;  the  2  new  ones  are  handsome  edifices, 
with  freestone  porticoes  on  the  N.  front,  in  the 
Ionic  order.  4.  The  General  Post-Office  is  a 
large  brick  edifice,  nearly  a  mile  north-west  of 
the  Capitol,  in  which  are  kept  the  offices  of  the 
post-office  establishment,  the  General  Land- 
Office,  and  the  Patent  Office,  in  which  more 
than  2,000  patents  are  shown,  among  which 
are  a  great  many  useful  and  useless  inventions. 
The  Navy  Yard  is  situated  on  the  Eastern 
Branch,  and  has  all  the  appurtenances  for 
building  ships  of  the  largest  size.  The  City 
Hall  is  251  feet  long  by  50  in  breadth.  Con 
gress'  Library  is  now  kept  in  the  Capitol,  and 
contains  from  8  to  10,000  volumes.  The  Co 
lumbian  College  has  an  extent  of  117  feet  by 
47,  is  situated  on  elevated  ground,  and  is  a 
lofty  building,  calculated  to  accommodate  100 
students.  There  are  a  number  of  other  public 
buildings,  and  14  houses  of  public  worship. 
There  are  also  a  City  Library,  Medical,  Bo 
tanical,  Clerks',  Benevolent,  Masonic,  Orphan, 
Bible,  Dorcas,  Missionary,  and  Tract  Socie 
ties,  Columbian  Institute,  and  other  institu 
tions.  Education  is  not  overlooked,  as  is 
evinced  by  the  numerous  academies  and 
schools  which  are  established.  Beside  the 
Columbian  College,  adjoining  the  city,  there  is 
a  large  Catholic  Theological  Seminary  in  the 
city,  connected  with  which  is  a  school  for  the 
general  education  of  youth.  An  extensive 
window-glass  manufactory,  which  supplies  the 
market,  and  exports  to  a  considerable  amount ; 
five  very  extensive  taverns,  with  accommoda 


tions  equal  to  any  of  a  similar  nature ;  three 
banks,  a  branch  of  the  U.  S.  bank,  a  fire  in 
surance  company,  ten  printing-offices,  three 
daily,  and  several  tri-weekly,  semi-weekly,  and 
weekly  newspapers.  The  seat  of  government 
was  removed  here  in  the  year  1800,  during 
the  presidency  of  John  Adams.  The  city  was 
incorporated  by  an  act  of  congress,  passed  on 
the  3d  of  May,  1802,  by  which  act,  the  ap 
pointment  of  the  mayor  was  vested  in  the 
president  yearly,  and  the  two  branches  of  the 
council,  elected  by  the  people,  in  a  general 
ticket.  In  a  supplementary  act,  passed  May 
4,  1812,  the  corporation  was  made  to  consist 
of  a  mayor,  a  board  of  aldermen,  and  a  board 
of  common  council :  the  board  of  aldermen  to 
consist  of  eight  members,  elected  for  two  years, 
two  to  be  residents  of,  and  chosen  from,  each 
ward ;  the  board  of  common  council  to  consist 
of  twelve,  three  from  each  ward ;  the  mayor, 
by  the  joint  ballot  of  the  two  boards,  to  serve 
for  one  year.  By  a  new  charter,  granted  by 
congress  on  the  15th  May,  1820,  it  is  provided 
that  the  mayor  shall  be  elected  by  the  people, 
to  serve  two  years,  from  the  second  Monday  in 
June ;  the  board  of  aldermen  to  consist  of  two 
members  from  each  ward,  elected  for  two 
years,  and  are,  ex-officio,  justices  of  the  peace 
for  the  whole  county.  Population. — Washing 
ton  contained  in  1810,  8,208  inhabitants;  in 
1820,13,247;  in  1830,  18,827. 

WASHINGTON,  v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  central  part  of  Ken 
tucky.  Pop.  19,017.  Chief  town,  Springfield. 

WASHINGTON,  t  and  cap.  Mason  co. 
Ken.  3  m.  SW.  from  Maysville,  60  NE.  from 
Lexington,  482  from  W.  Pop.  868.  It  con 
tains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  and  a 
printing-office. 

WASHINGTON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Davies  co.  In.  between  the  two  main  branches 
of  White  river,  20  m.  SE,  by  E.  from  Vincen 


432 


WAS— WAT 


nes,  and  103  SSW.  from  Indianapolis.  Lat. 
38°  40'  N. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  II.  bounded  by  Ran 
dolph  S.  St.  Clair  W.  Madison  and  Bond  N. 
and  Jefferson  E.  It  is  30  m.  square.  Kas- 
kaskias  river  passes  obliquely  through  it. 
Chief  town,  Covington.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,517 ;. 
in  1830,  1,674. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  Miso.  S.  from  Frank 
lin,  and  S  W.  from  Jefferson  and  St.  Genevieve. 
It  lies  on  the  heads  of  Big  Black,  Gasconade, 
Marameck,  and  St.  Francis  rivers.  Pop.  6,797. 
Chief  town,  Potosi. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  central  part  of  Geor 
gia.  Pop.  9,820.  Chief  town,  Sandersville. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  Wilkes  co. 
Gco.  on  Kettle  creek,  a  branch  of  Little  river, 
50  m.  WNW.  from  Augusta,  58  N.  by  W. 
from  Louisville.  Lat.  32°  12'  N.  It  is  a 
flourishing  town,  regularly  laid  out,  handsome 
ly  built,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
bank,  and  a  flourishing  academy.  A  newspa 
per  is  published  here. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  in  E.  end  of  East 
Tennessee.  Pop.  in  1820,  9,557 ;  in  1830, 
10,995.  Chief  town,  Jonesborough.  A  semi 
nary,  styled  Washington  College,  has  been 
established  in  this  county,  8  m.  SW.  from 
Jonesborough. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  Rhea  co.  Ten. 
near  the  Tennessee,  about  35  m.  W.  from  Tel- 
lico,  75  SW.  from  Knoxville,  593  from  W. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Adams  co.  Mis.  on  St. 
Catherine's  creek,  20  m.  from  its  mouth,  6  E. 
from  Natchez.  It  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  and  was  for  15  years  the  seat  of  govern 
ment  for  Mississippi.  It  has  a  healthy  and 
pleasant  situation  in  the  most  wealthy  and 
populous  part  of  the  state.  It  has  excellent 
water,  and  unites  many  advantages  as  a  sum 
mer  residence.  St.  Catherine's  creek  is  navi 
gable  for  boats  at  high-water.  Jefferson  Col 
lege,  in  this  town,  was  incorporated  in  1802. 
A  large  edifice,  170  feet  by  40,  was  erected  for 
the  accommodation  of  students.  The  institu 
tion  has  not  as  yet  taken  a  higher  rank  than 
a  respectable  academy. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Floyd 
SE.  Harrison  S.  Orange  and  Lawrence  W. 
White  river  or  Jackson  N.  and  Scott  E. 
Length  24  m.  width  20.  Chief  town,  Salem 
Pop.  in  1820,  9,039 ;  in  1830, 13,072. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  Al.  bounded  by  Mis 
sissippi  W.  Choctaw  country  N.  Tombigbee 
river  E.  and  Baldwin  co.  in  Al.  S.  Length  50 
m.  20  mean  width.  Surface  moderately  hilly, 
and  soil,  except  in  a  few  places  near  the 
streams,  sterile,  and  covered  generally  with 
pine.  Chief  town,  St.  Stephens.  Pop.  3,478. 

WASHINGTON,  C.  H.  and  t.  on  the  small 
river  Sinta  Bogue,  Washington  co.  Al.  12  m. 
NW.  from  Fort  St.  Stephens,  and  75  N.  from 
Mobile. 

WASHINGTON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Autauga  co.  Al.  on  the  right  bank  of  Alabama 
river,  at  the  mouth  of  Autauga  creek,  23  m. 
above  Cahawba.  Lat.  32°  24'  N. 

WASHINGTON,  parish  of  La.  bounded  by 
Mississippi  N.  Pearl  river  E.  parish  of  St 


Tamany  S.  and  Tangipao  river  or  St.  Hele 
na  W.  Length  45  m.  mean  width  22.  Sur 
face  moderately  hilly,  and  soil  generally  ste 
rile,  and  covered  with  pine  timber.  Pop.  in 
1820,  2,517;  in  1830,  2,286.  Chief  town, 
Franklin  ton. 

WASHINGTON  HOLLOW,  v.  Dutchess 
co.  N.  Y.  on  Wappinger's  creek,  12  m.  NE. 
from  Poughkeepsie. 

WASSAW  ISLAND,  Great,  isl.  in  the 
Atlantic,  near  the  coast  of  Georgia,  16  m.  in 
circumference.  Lat.  32°  52*  N. 

WASSAW  ISLAND,  Little,  isl.  in  the  At. 
lantic,  near  the  coast  of  Georgia,  SW.  of  Great 
Wassaw. 

WASSAW  SOUND,  bay  on  the  coast  of 
Georgia,  between  Great  Wassaw  Island  and 
Tybee  Island. 

WATAUGA,  r.  which  rises  in  N.  C.  and 
runs  into  the  Holston  in  Tennessee. 

WATCH  POINT,  cape  on  E.  coast  of  R. 
Island.  Lat.  41°  13'  N. 

WATERBOROUGH,  t.  York  co.  Me.  35 
m.  from  New  York,  110  NNE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,816. 

WATERBURY,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  on 
Onion  river,  12  m.  NW.  from  Montpelier. 
Pop.  1,650.  Waterbury  river  flows  through 
this  town  into  Onion  river. 

WATERBURY,  t  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  20 
m.  NNW.  from  New  Haven,  325  from  W 
Pop.  3,070. 

WATEREE,  r.  which  rises  in  N.  C.  where 
it  is  called  the  Catawba.  It  passes  into  S.  C. 
and  unites  with  the  Congaree,  to  form  the 
Santee. 

WATERFORD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  12  m. 
SW.  from  Paris.  Pop.  1,123. 

WATERFORD,  formerly  Littleton,  t.  Cal 
edonia  co.  Vt.  on  the  Connecticut,  14  m.  E. 
from  Danville,  40  E.  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,358. 

WATERFORD,  t.  New  London  eo.  Ct.  4 
m.  NW.  from  New  London.  Pop.  2,475. 

WATERFORD,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.Y.  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  4  m.  N.  from 
Troy,  10  N.  from  Albany.  It  contains  a  bank, 
and  2  houses  for  public  worship,  is  a  flourish 
ing  village,  regularly  laid  out,  and  has  an  ex 
tensive  trade.  Pop.  1,473. 

WATERFORD,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 
Pop.  3,088. 

WATERFORD,  t.  MifHin  co.  Pa.  It  is 
situated  on  Tuscarora  creek,  in  the  SW.  part 
of  the  county. 

WATERFORD,  or  Le  Boauf,  t.  Erie  co.  Pa. 
on  French  creek,  15  m.  SSE.  from  Erie.  It 
is  a  flourishing  town,  contains  an  academy, 
and  has  considerable  trade.  Pop.  554. 

WATERFORD,  t.  Loudon  eu  Va.  42  m. 
from  W. 

WATERFORD,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  Muskingum,  22  m.  above  Marietta. 

WATERLOO,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Sene 
ca  co.  N.  Y.  on  Seneca  river  at  its  falls,  5  m. 
NE.  and  below  Geneva.  It  is  a  thriving  Til 
lage,  containing  the  county  buildings,  a  news 
paper  printing-office,  and  1,837.  inhabitants. 
Lat.  42°. 

WATERLOO,  t.  Monroe  co.  II 


WAT— WAY 


433 


WATERTOWN,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.on 
Charles  river,  7  m.  W.  by  N.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,641.  It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  con- 
tains  a  paper-mill,  and  cotton  and  woollen 
manufactories,  and  a  U.  S.  arsenal. 

WATERTOWN,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  12  m. 
SSE.  from  Litchfield.  Pop.  1,500. 

WATERTOWN,  t  and  cap.  Jefferson  co. 
N.  Y.  -at  the  mouth  of  Black  river,  12  m.  from 
Sacket's  Harbor,  80  NW.  from  Utica,  412  m. 
from  W.  Pop.  4,768.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  a  paper-mill,  and  other  valuable 
mills.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  a  place  of 
deposit  for  the  military  stores  of  N.  Y.  A 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 

WATERVILLE,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Kennebeck,  opposite  Winslow, 
18  m.  N.  from  Augusta,  185  NNE.  from  Bos 
ton.  Pop.  2,216.  It  is  a  pleasant  and  flourish 
ing  town ;  the  principal  village  is  finely  situa 
ted  at  the  head  of  boat  navigation,  opposite 
Teconic  Falls,  which  present  a  beautiful  cas 
cade.  It  contains  a  bank,  and  has  a  considera 
ble  trade,  and  is  very  favorably  situated  for 
ship-building.  It  is  an  excellent  agricultural 
town,  and  is  situated  in  a  very  fertile  tract  of 
country. 

WATERVILLE,  flourishing  village  in  San- 
gerfield,N.Y. 

WATERVILLE,  v.  Stamford,  N.  Y. 

WATERVLIET,  t.  Albany  co.  N.Y.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Hudson,  and  on  S.  side  of  the 
Mohawk,  6  m.  N.  from  Albany.  Pop.  4,965. 

WATKINS  POINT,  cape  on  SW.  coast  of 
Md.  in  the  Chesapeake.  Lat.  37°  59'  N. 

WATKINSVILLE,  v.  Ann-Arundel  co. 
Md.  37  m.  from  W. 

WATKINSVILLE,  v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

WATKINSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Clarke  co. 
Georgia,  7  m.  S.  from  Athens,  90  WNW.  from 
Augusta,  623  from  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  jail. 

WATTSBOROUGH,  v.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 

WATTS  ISLAND,  small  isl.  on  the  Chesa 
peake.  Lon.  76°  3'  W. ;  lat.  37°  54'  N. 

WAUGHSBURGH,  v.  Stokes  co.  N.C. 

WAYNE,  t  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  20  m.  W. 
from  Augusta,  294  NNE.  from  Boston,  650 
fromW.  Pop.  1,153. 

WAYNE,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.Y.  15  m.  E. 
from  Bath. 

WAYNE,  co.  NE.  corner  of  Pa.  bounded 
N.  by  N.  Y.,  E.  by  the  Delaware,  which  sepa 
rates  it  from  New  Jersey,  S.  by  Northampton 
co.  and  W.  by  Luzerne  and  Susquehannah  cos. 
Pop.  in  1820,  4,127;  in  1830,  7,663.  Chief 
town,  Bethany. 

WAYNE,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.    Pop.  250. 

WAYNE,  co.  in  the  interior  part  of  Ohio. 
Chief  town,  Wooster.  Pop.  23,344. 

WAYNE,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,060. 

WAYNE,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,893. 

WAYNE,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,046. 

WAYNE,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
911. 

WAYNE,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  959. 

WAYNE,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,157. 
3E 


WAYNE,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,072. 

WAYNE,  co.  on  E.  side  of  the  Indiana  r. 
Chief  towns,  Salisbury  and  Centreville.  Pop 
2,562. 

WAYNE,  co.  central  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
10,902.  Chief  town,  Waynesborough, 

WAYNE,  co.  S.  side  of  Kentucky.  Pop, 
8,731.  Chief  town,'Monticello, 

WAYNE,  t.  Wayne  co,  Ken. 

WAYNE,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ten. 

WAYNE,  co.  Ten.  bounded  by  Lauderdale 
co.  in  Al.  S.  Hardin  co.  Ten.  W.  Perry  N.  and 
Lawrence  E.  Length  24  m.  width  21.  Chief 
town,  Waynesborough,  Pop.  in  1820,  9,459  ; 
in  1830,  6,013. 

WAYNE,  co.  Mis.  bounded  by  Al.  E. 
Greene  co.  in  Mis.  S.  Covington  W.  and  the 
Choctaw  country  N.  Length  32  m.  width  30, 
It  is  drained  by  the  Chickasawhay,  and  other 
branches  of  Pascagoula  river.  Chief  town, 
Winchester.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,323;  in  1830, 
2,778. 

WAYNE,  co.  Geo.  bounded  by  Glynn  SE, 
Camden  and  Appling  S.  Appling  and  Tatnall 
W.  and  Altamaha  NE.  Length  40  m.  mean 
width  25.  Pop,  962.  Chief  town,  Waynes- 
ville. 

WAYNE,  co.  II.  bounded  by  Johnson  and 
Union  S.  Jackson  and  Randolph  W,  Jefferson 
N.  and  White  and  Gallatin  E.  Length  36  m, 
width  24.  Pop.  in  1820,  111 ;  in  1830,  2,562, 

WAYNE,  co.  Miso.  W.  from  Washington 
and  Franklin,  and  on  the  sources  of  Gascon* 
ade  river.  Pop.  in  1820, 1,443;  in  1830,  3,254, 

WAYNE,  co.  Mich,  bounded  by  Detroit 
river  and  St.  Clair  lake  SE.  M'Comb  co.  NE, 
Oakland  NW.  and  Monroe  SW.  and  S.  It  is 
principally  drained  by  the  Riviere  Rouge, 
Chief  town,  Detroit.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,574 ;  in 
1830,  4,565. 

WAYNESBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Greene 
co.  Pa.  22  m.  S.  from  Washington,  51  SSW, 
from  Pittsburg.  Pop.  1,130, 

WAYNESBOROUGH,  t.  Augusta  co.  Va, 
12  m.  ESE.  from  Staunton.  It  is  a  pleasant 
and  thriving  town. 

WAYNESBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Wayne 
co.  N.  C.  on  the  Neuse,  50  m,  SE,  from  Ra 
leigh,  337  from  W. 

WAYNESBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Burke 
co.  Geo.  24  m.  ENE.  from  Louisville,  28  SSW, 
from  Augusta,  about  100  NW.  from  Savan 
nah,  689  from  W.  It  is  situated  on  Brief 
Creek,  about  14  in.  from  the  Savannah,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  2 
houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Presbyterians, 
and  1  for  Methodists,  and  50  dwelling-houses, 

WAYNESBURG,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  situ 
ated  9  m.  E.  of  Greencastle,  SE.  part  of  the  co, 

WAYNESVILLE,  v.  Warren  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  Little  Miami,  40  m.  NE.  from  Cincinnati/ 
It  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  Friends,  who  have  a 
large  brick  meeting-house,  80  feet  by  40.  Pop* 
439. 

WAYNESVILLE,  t.  Lycoming  co,  Pa.  on 
W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  2  m.  below 
Pine  Creek, 


434 


WAY— WES 


WAYNESVILLE,  v.  Haywood  co.  N.  C. 

WEARE,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  15  m. 
NN  W.  from  Amherst,  55  W.  from  Portsmouth. 
Pop.  2,430.  It  is  a  large  and  valuable  agri 
cultural  town,  and  contains  3  houses  of  public 
worship,  and  a  cotton  manufactory, 

WEATMERSFIELD,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt. 
on  W.  bank  of  Connecticut  river,  opposite 
Claremont,  9  m.  S.  by  W.  from  Windsor.  Pop. 
2^213.  It  is  a  considerable  town. 

WEATHERSFIELD.    See  Wethersfteld. 

WEATHERSFIELD,  t.  Trumbull  co.Ohio, 
on  the  Mahoning.  It  contains  a  forge  and 
furnace,  where  bar-iron  and  hollow-ware  are 
made  to  considerable  extent.  Pop.  1,066. 

WEBHAMET,  r.  Me.  runs  into  the  Atlan 
tic,  in  Wells. 

WEEBOTUCK,  r.  branch  of  the  Housa- 
tonnuc.  It  rises  in  NE.  part  of  N.  Y.  and  joins 
the  Housatonnuc  in  Connecticut. 

WELBY,  v.  Prince  George  co.  Md.  8  m. 
from  W. 

WELD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.    Pop.  766. 

WELLFLEET,  t.  and  s-p.  Barnstable  co. 
Mass,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  31  m.  ENE. 
from  Barnstable,  97  SE.  from  Boston,  Pop. 
2,044. 

WELLINGTON,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass,  on 
W.  side  of  Taunton  river,  2  m,  N.  from  Digh- 
ton,  3  S.  from  Taunton,  35  S.  from  Boston.  It 
contains  a  paper-mill,  and  several  woollen  and 
cotton  manufactories. 

WELLS,  t  York  co.  Me.  12  m.  NNE.  from 
York,  30  SW.  from  Portland,  88  NNE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  2,977.  It  is  separated  from 
Arundel  by  the  river  Kennebunk,  at  the  mouth 
of  which  is  the  village  and  seaport  of  Kenne 
bunk. 

WELLS,  t.  Hamilton  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  340. 

WELLS,  v.  Beaufort  co.  S.  C. 

WELLS,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  50  m.  N.  from 
Bennington.  Pop.  880. 

WELLS,  v.  Beaufort  district,  S.C. 

WELLS,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  40  m. 
N.  from  Johnstown. 

WELLS,  r.  Vt.  rises  in  Groton,  and  runs 
into  the  Connecticut,  N.  of  Newbury. 

WELLSBOROUGH,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Tioga  co.  Pa.  on  the  height  of  land  between 
the  sources  of  Pine  creek  and  the  W.  Branch 
of  Susquehannah,  about  50  m.  a  little  W.  of 
N.  from  Williamsport. 

WELLSBURG,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Brooke 
co.  Va.  on  the  bank  of  Ohio  river,  above  the 
mouth  of  Buffalo  creek,  15  m.  above  Wheel 
ing,  and  280  from  W.  It  contains  about  1,200 
inhabitants,  and  some  manufactories. 

WELLS'  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  runs  into  the 
Ohio  river. 

WELLS  FALLS,  cataract  in  the  river  Del- 
aware,  13  m.  NW.  from  Trenton. 

WELLS'  PASSAGE,  inlet  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America,  branching  off  from  Brough- 
ton's  archipelago.. 

WELLS  RIVER,  v.  Orange  co.  Vt.  48  m. 
NE.  from  Montpelier. 

WELLSVILLE,  v.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio, 
1 71  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

WENDELL,  formerly  Saville,  t.  Cheshire 


co.  N.  H.  22  m.  NE.  from  Charleston,  and1  38 
WNW.  from  Concord. 

WENDELL,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  13  m.  E, 
from  Greenfield,  and  80  W.  from  Boston. 

WENDOVER,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.C.  on 
the  St.  Francis,  25  m.  S.  from  Three  Rivers. 

WENDHAM,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  6  m.  N, 
from  Salem,  21  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  612. 

WENLOCK,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  65  m.  NE, 
from  Montpelier. 

WENTWORTH,  t.  Grafton  eo.  N.  H.  15  m. 
NW.  from  Plymouth,  58  NNW.  from  Concord, 
Pop.  924. 

WENTWORTH,  t.  York  co.L,C.  43  m, 
W.  from  Montreal. 

WENTWORTH,  v.  Rockingham  co.N.C. 
10  m.  E.  from  Danbury,  and  126  m.  NW.  frorrr 
Raleigh. 

WENTWORTH  MOUNTAINS,  range  in 
N.  H.  extending  from  Bethlehem  on  the  Con 
necticut  to  the  White  Mountains.  Height 
about  3,000  feet. 

WESLEY,  western  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio, 
Pop.  495. 

WEST,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,491.. 

WEST  ALEXANDRIA,  small  v.  on  the 
U.  S.  road,  Washington  co.  Pa.  16m.  W.  from 
Washington,  and  14  a  little  N.  of  E.  from 
Wheeling. 

WEST  ALMOND,  v.  Alleghany  co.  N.Y. 

WEST  BARNSTABLE,  v.  Barnstable  co. 
Mass.  68  m.  SSE,  from  Boston. 

WEST  BAY,  bay  at  W.  extremity  of  Lake 
Superior.  Lon.  91°  45'  W. ;  lat.  46°  45'  N. 

WEST  BECKET,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  30 
m.  W.  from  Northampton,  and  153  W.  from 
Boston. 

WEST  BEDFORD,  v.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio, 
84  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

WEST  BLOOMFIELD,  v.  Ontario  co.  N.Y, 

12  m.  W.  from  Canandaigua. 
WESTBOROUGH,  t  Worcester  co.  Mass, 

13  m.  E.  from  Worcester.     Pop.  1,438. 
WEST  BOYLESTON,  t.  on  Nashau  river, 

Worcester  co.  Mass.  49  m.  W.  from  Boston, 
Pop.  1,053. 

WEST  BRADFORD,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  29 
m.  N.  from  Boston. 

WEST  BREWSTER,  t  Barnstable  co, 
Mass.  20  m.  SE.  from  Plymouth,  and  60  from 
Boston. 

WEST  BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Plymouth  co. 
Mass.  34  m.  S.  from  Boston. 

WEST  BROOK,  v.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  43  m. 
SSE.  from  Hartford. 

WEST  BROOK,  v.  Bladen  co.  N.C.  135  m, 
S.  from  Raleigh. 

WEST  BROOKFIELD,  t  Worcester  co. 
Mass,  between  the  two  main  branches  of  Chic- 
apee  river,  68  m.  W.  from  Boston. 

WESTBURY,  t  Buckingham  co.  L.C.  80 
m.  SSE.  from  Three  Rivers. 

WEST  CARLISLE,  v.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio, 
87  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

WEST-CASTLE,  v.  Caswell  co.  N.C. 

WEST  CAYUGA,  small  v.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y, 
on  the  W.  side  of  Cayuga  Lake,  connected 
with  East  Cayuga  by  a  bridge  316  rods  long. 

WEST-CHESTER,  co.  SE.  corner  N.Y 


WES— WES 


435 


teunded  N.  by  Putnam  co.  E.  by  Connecticut, 
SE.  and  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  W.  by 
New  York  Island  and  the  Hudson.  Pop.  in 
1820,  32,638;  in  1830,  36,456.  Chief  town, 
Bedford. 

WEST-CHESTER,  v.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  6 
m.  from  Middle  Haddam. 

WEST-CHESTER,  t  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
on  East  River,  12  m.  NE.  from  New  York. 
Pop  2,362.  It  is  watered  by  the  Westchester 
creek  and  Bronx  creek,  and  has  manufactures 
of  paper,  snuff,  paint,  &c.  Marble  is  found 
here. 

WEST-CHESTER,  bor.  and  cap.  Chester 
co.  Pa.  24  m.  W.  from  Philadelphia,  115  from 
W.  This  is  a  very  flourishing  town,  and  has 
had  a  very  rapid  increase  within  the  last  few 
years.  The  population  in  1820,  was  552 ;  in 
1830,  1,252 ;  and  in  1831,  estimated  at  1,500. 
It  is  handsomely  laid  out  in  four  squares,  with 
streets  intersecting  in  the  centre,  which  are 
neatly  Macadamized,  It  has  4  houses  for  pub 
lic  worship ;  one  is  a  Roman  Catholic  Chapel, 
one  for  Methodists,  and  two  for  Friends.  The 
public  buildings  are  a  court-house  and  jail, 
with  the  clerks'  offices,  academy,  and  market- 
house.  Here  are  also  a  bank,  a  public  library, 
athenaeum,  cabinet  of  natural  science,  and  an 
excellent  boarding-school  for  girls,  all  of  which 
are  in  a  flourishing  condition.  There  are 
published  in  this  place  5  weekly,  and  one  semi 
monthly  newspaper.  A  rail-road  from  this 
place  communicates  with  the  Columbia  rail 
road. 

WEST-CHESTER,  v.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  52. 

WEST-CREEK,  r.  N.J.  which  runs  into 
the  Delaware  Bay.  Lon.  74°  57'  W. ;  lat.  39° 
14' N. 

WESTERLO,  t.  Albany  co.  N.Y.  Pop. 
3,220. 

WESTERLY,  v.  Merrimack  co.  N.H. 

WESTERLY,  t.  Washington  co.  R.  I.  on 
foe  E.  side  of  Pawcatuck  river,  opposite  to 
ftonington,  in  Con.  13  m.  W.  of  Charleston, 
34  from  Newport,  and  20  E.  of  New  London. 
Pop.  1,903.  In  Packatuck  village,  in  this  t. 
are  two  banks,  two  academies,  and  a  woollen 
cloth  factory. 

WESTERN,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  22  m. 
SW.  from  Worcester.  Pop.  1,189. 

WESTERN,  t  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Mo 
hawk,  5  m.  above  Rome.  Pop.  2,419. 

WESTERNPORT,  or  Westport,  v.  Alle- 
ghany  co.  Md.  on  the  left  bank  of  Potomac  r. 
between  George's  creek  and  Savage  river,  20 
m.  by  land  above  Cumberland. 

WESTERN  STAR,  v.  Medina  co.  Ohio, 
168  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

WEST  FAIRLEE,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  36  m. 
SE.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  841. 

WEST  FARMS,  v.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
on  Bronx  r.  10  m.  NE.  from  New  York. 

WESTFIELD,  t.  King's  co.  New  Bruns 
wick,  on  Kennebecasis  Bay. 

WESTFIELD,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  52  m.  N. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  353. 

WESTFIELD,  t  Richmond  co.  N.Y.  on 
Staten  Island,  3 J  SW.  Richmond.  Pop.  1,734. 


WESTFIELD,  r.  Mass,  rise*  in  Berkshire 
co.  and  runs  through  Middlefield,  Westfield, 
and  West  Springfield,  -wlrere  it  flows  into  the 
Connecticut. 

WESTFIELD,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  7  m. 
W.  from  Springfield,  93  WSW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  2,941.  This  is  a  pleasant  and  excellent 
agricultural  town,  and  has  a  handsome  village, 
containing  a  Congregational  meeting-house,  a 
respectable  and  flourishing  academy,  and  som« 
manufactures. 

WESTFIELD,  v.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  358 
m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

WESTFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  N.J.  8  m.  W. 
from  Elizabethtown.  Pop.  2,492. 

WESTFIELD,  one  of  the  S.  towns  of  Me- 
dina  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  577. 

WESTFIELD,  v.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  37 
m.  N.  from  Columbus. 

WESTFORD,  t  Middlesex  co.  Mass,  on  the 
E.  side  of  Stony  river,  28  m.  NW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,329. 

WESTFORD,  t.  on  Brown's  river,  in  the 
northern  part  of  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  35  m.  NW. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,290. 

WESTFORD,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.Y.  10  m.  SE. 
from  Cooperstown.  Pop.  1,645. 

WEST  FRIENDSHIP,  v.  Ann-Arundel  co. 
Md.  50  m.  from  Annapolis,  and  58  from  W. 

WEST  GREENWICH,  SW.  t.  Kent  co. 
R.  I.  18  m.  SW.  from  Providence.  Pop.  1,817. 

WESTHAM,  t.  Henrico  co.  Va.  on  tho  N. 
side  of  James  river,  6  m.  above  Richmond. 

WESTHAMPTON,  t.  Hampshire  eo.  Masa 
10  m.  W.  from  Northampton.  Pop.  907. 

WEST  HAMPTON,  v.  on  the  S.  side  of 
Long  Island,  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  80  m.  a  little  N. 
of  E.  from  New  York. 

WEST  HANOVER,  t.  on  Swatara  river, 
Dauphin  co.  Pa.  15m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Harris- 
burg,  and  15  W.  from  Lebanon. 

WEST  HARBOR,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Jamaica,  formed  by  a  peninsula,  called  Port 
land  Ridge.  Lon.  77°  W. ;  lat.  173  48'  N. 

WEST  HARTFORD,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct. 
5  m.  from  Hartford. 

WEST  HARTLAND,  v.  in  the  NW.  part 
of  Hartford  co.  Ct.  25  m.  NW.  from  Hartford. 

WEST  HAVEN,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt  50  m. 
W.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  724. 

WEST  HEBRON,  t  between  Moses'  Kill 
and  Fort  Edward,  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  48  m. 
W.  from  Albany. 

WEST  HILL,  v.  Suffolk  co.  N.Y. 

WEST  INDIES.    See  Indies,  West. 

WEST  ISLES,  t.  Charlotte  co.  New  Bruns 
wick,  on  the  coast,  including  Campo  Bello, 
Grand  Menan,  and  other  islands. 

WESTLAND,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va  137 
m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

WESTLAND,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
802. 

WEST  LIBERTY,  v.  on  the  head  of  Short 
creek,  Ohio  co.  Va.  14  m.  NE.  from  Wheeling, 
and  20  W.  from  Washington  in  Pa. 

WEST  LIBERTY,  v.  Henry  co.  In.  40  m. 
NE.  by  E.  from  Indianapolis. 

WEST  LIBERTY,  v.  Morgan  co.  Ken.  75 
m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Frankfort. 


436 


WES— WES 


WEST  LIBERTY,  v.  Logan  co.  Ohio. 

WEST  LOWVILLE,  v.  Lewis  co.  N.Y. 
30  m.  NE.  from  Sacket's  Harbor,  and  55  NNW. 
from  Utica. 

WEST  MARTINSBURG,  t.  Lewis  co. 
N.  Y.  35  m.  NE.  from  Sacket's  Harbor,  and  50 
NNW.  from  Utica. 

WEST  MENDON,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  12 
m.  S.  from  Rochester. 

WEST  MEREDITH,  t  on  Olean  creek, 
Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  30  m.  S.  from  Cooperstown, 
and  104  SW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

WEST  MIDDLEBURG,  t.  Schoharie  co. 
N.  Y.  35  m.  W.  from  Albany. 

WEST  MIDDLETOWN,  v,  Washington 
co.  Pa.  20  m.  NNW.  from  Washington,  and 
35  a  little  S.  of  W.  from  Pittsburg. 

WEST  MINOT,  t  in  the  north-west  angle 
of  Cumberland  co.  Me.  46  m.  N.  from  Port 
land. 

WESTMINSTER,  t.  Middlesex  co.  U.  C. 

WESTMINSTER,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  on 
the  Connecticut,  opposite  Walpole,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  bridge ;  28  m.  S.  from 
Montpelier,  445  from  W.  Pop.  1,737.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  considerable  town. 

WESTMINSTER,  t.  Worcester  co,  Mass. 
21  m,  NNW,  from  Worcester,  54  WNW,  from 
Boston.  Pop,  1,695. 

WESTMINSTER,  t,  Frederick  co.  Md.  30 
m,  NW.  from  Baltimore,  66  from  W.  It  con 
tains  a  bank  and  a  printing-office, 

WESTMORE,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  53  m.  NE, 
from  Montpelier,  Pop.  32. 

WESTMORELAND,  co.  New  Brunswick, 
bordering  on  Nova  Scotia  and  the  Gulf  of  St, 
Lawrence. 

WESTMORELAND,  t,  Cheshire  co.  N.  H. 
on  the  Connecticut,  9  m.  W.  from  Keene,  65 
WSW.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,647,  It  is  a 
considerable  agricultural  town,  and  contains 
meeting-houses  for  Baptists  and  Congregation- 
alists. 

WESTMORELAND,  t,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 
10  m,  W.  from  Utica,  Pop,  3,303. 

WESTMORELAND,  co.  south-west  part  of 
Pa.  bounded  NE,  by  Armstrong  and  Indiana 
cos.  ESE,  by  Cambria  and  Somerset  cos.  S.  by 
Fayette  co,  and  W.  by  Washington  and  Alle- 
ghany  cos.  Pop.  in  1820,  30,540;  in  1830, 
38,400.  Chief  town,  Greensburg. 

WESTMORELAND,  co.  NE,  part  of  Va. 
bounded  N.  and  NE.  by  the  Potomac,  E.  by 
Northumberland  co.  S.  by  Richmond  co.  and 
the  Rappahannock,  and  W.  by  King  George  co. 
Pop.  8,411. 

WEST  NEWBURY,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass. 
Pop.  1,586, 

WESTON,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  30  m.  WSW. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  972. 

WESTON,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  15  m.  W. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  1,091. 

WESTON,  t,  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  9  m.  N.  from 
Fairfield.  Pop.  2,997.  Here  is  an  academy. 

WEST  POINT,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  Hudson,  58  m.  above  New 
York.  The  United  States  Military  Academy 
at  this  place  was  established  by  Congress  in 
1802,  for  the  instruction  of  young  men  des 


tined  for  the  army.  The  number  of  cadets  it* 
limited  to  250,  and  in  choosing  among  the  ap 
plicants,  the  sons  of  revolutionary  officers  are 
allowed  the  first  claim,  and  the  children  of  the 
deceased  officers  of  the  last  war,  the  second. 
The  age  of  the  pupils  on  admission  must  be 
between  14  and  22.  The  professors  and  in 
structors  are  30  in  number ;  each  of  the  cadets 
costs  the  government  336  dollars  annually. 
They  are  required  to  encamp  6  or  8  weeks 
during  the  year.  The  course  of  study  is  com 
pleted  in  4  years,  and  includes  French,  draw 
ing,  natural  and  experimental  philosophy,  chem 
istry,  mineralogy,  geography,  history,  ethics, 
national  law,  mathematics,  and  the  whole  sci. 
ence  of  strategy,  tactics,  artillery,  and  engineer 
ing.  The  annual  expense  of  the  institution  is 
115,000  dollars.  There  are  5  large  stone  build 
ings,  and  6  of  brick.  The  site  they  occupy  is 
very  beautiful  and  commanding,  being  a  level 
188  feet  above  the  river.  Close  to  the  shore 
stands  a  white  marble  monument,  bearing  the 
name  of  Kosciusko.  In  another  part  is  an 
obelisk  to  the  memory  of  Col.  Wood,  one  of  the 
pupils,  who  fell  at  Fort  Erie. 

WESTPORT,  t.  and  s-p.  Bristol  co.  Mass, 
on  Buzzard's  Bay,  24  m.  S.  from  Taunton,  60 
S.  from  Boston.  Pop.  2,773.  It  is  a  consider 
able  town,  and  has  some  trade. 

WESTPORT,  v.  Essex  co.  N.Y. 

WESTPORT,  t.  Henry  co.  Ken.  on  the 
Ohio,  17  m.  above  Louisville.  It  contained,  in 
1818,  about  50  houses,  and  is  watered  by  Little 
Kentucky  river,  which  affords  seats  for  mills. 

WEST  QUODDY  HEAD,  in  Lubec,  Me, 
the  SW.  point  of  the  entrance  into  Passama- 
quoddy  Bay.  Here  is  a  light-house. 

WESTRAYVILLE,  v.  Nash  co.  N.  C. 

WEST  RIVER,  r.  Me.  runs  into  Machia. 
Bay,  Ion.  67°  19'  W.;  lat.  44°  45'  N. 

WEST  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  runs  into  the  Con 
necticut,  10  m.  from  the  S.  boundary  of  the 
state. 

WEST  RIVER,  v.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

WEST  RIVER,  v.  Ann-Arundel  co.  Md. 

WEST  RIVER,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the  Chea- 
apeake,  Ion.  76°  42'  W. ;  lat.  38°  54'  N. 

WEST  RIVER,  r.  Va,  runs  into  Black  Bay, 
Ion.  76°  17'  W. ;  lat,  36°  30'  N, 

WEST  RIVER  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  N.H, 
in  Chesterfield  and  Hinsdale,  near  the  Connec 
ticut,  opposite  the  mouth  of  West  river.  It  has 
discovered  volcanic  appearances.  Considera 
ble  search  has  been  made  in  this  mountain  for 
valuable  ores,  but  without  success. 

WEST-SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Hampden  co. 
Mass,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Connecticut  river, 
opposite  Springfield,  Pop.  3,272. 

WEST-STOCKBRIDGE,  t.  Berkghire  co. 
Mass.  10  m.  SW.  from  Lenox.  Pop.  1,208. 

WEST  TOWN,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  4  m. 
ESE,  from  Westchester,  19  W.  by  S.  from 
Philadelphia.  Here  is  a  large  and  respectable 
Friends'  boarding-school,  containing  150  pu 
pils.  The  building  is  of  brick,  140  feet  by  50. 
of  3  stories,  and  is  finely  situated. 

WEST  TOWN,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

WEST  UNION,  t.  and  cap.  Adams  ca. 
Ohio,  52  SW.  from  Chillicothe,  470  from  W 


WES— WH1 


437 


It  contains  the  county  buildings,  a  bank,  and 
a  printing-office.  Pop.  429. 

WESTVILLE,  v.  Simpson  co.  Mis. 

WESTVILLE,  v.  in  Berkshire,  N.  Y.  14  m. 
N.  from  Owego. 

WESTWARD  MILLS,  v.  Brunswick  co. 
Virginia. 

WETARHOO,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Missou 
ri,  1422  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

WETATIC,  mt.  Ashburnham,  Mass.  The 
elevation  of  the  summit  of  this  mountain  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  was  found  by  barometrical 
measurement,  in  1817,  to  be  1,900  feet. 

WETHERSFIELD,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on 
west  bank  of  the  Connecticut,  4  m.  S.  from 
Hartford.  Pop.  3,862.  It  contains  3  parishes, 
in  each  of  which  is  a  Congregational  meeting, 
house ;  it  has  also  a  Baptist  meeting-house,  and 
an  academy.  It  is  a  very  pleasant  and  hand 
some  town,  situated  in  a  fertile  tract  of  country, 
and  is  famous  for  raising  great  quantities  of 
onions. 

WETHERSFIELD.    See  Weathersfield. 

WEYBRIDGE,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  Pop. 
850. 

WEYMOUTH,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  10  m. 
SE.  from  Boston,  noted  for  the  manufacture  of 
excellent  cheese.  Pop.  2,839. 

WEYMOUTH,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
1,270. 

WEYMOUTH  FURNACE,  v.  Gloucester 
CO.N.J. 

WHALE  BANK,  fishing-bank  on  the  coast 
of  Newfoundland,  60  miles  long,  and  21  wide; 
90  miles  S.  from  Cape  Mary.  Lon  53°  50'  W  ; 
ht.  45°  N. 

WHALE  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  North 
Sea.  Lon.  134°  W.;  lat.  69°  14' N. 

WHARTON,  v.  St.  Tamany's  parish,  La. 

WHARTONVILLE,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 

WHATELEY,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Connecticut  river,  10  miles  above 
Northampton.  Pop.  1,111. 

WHATLEY'S  MILLS,  v.  Morgan  co.  Geo. 

WHEATLAND,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
2,239. 

WHEAT  PLAINS,  v.  Pike  co.  Pa. 

WHEELER,  t-Steuben co.N. Y.  Pop.  1,389. 

WHEELER'S  SPRINGS,  Charlotte  co.  Va. 
109  m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

WHEELING,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Ohio  at 
Wheeling. 

WHEELING,  t.  and  cap.  Ohio  co.  Va.  on 
Ohio  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Wheeling  creek, 
140  m.  W.  by  N.  from  Cumberland,  57  m. 
SW.  from  Pittsburg,  by  the  road ;  95  by  the 
river.  It  stands  on  a  high  bank,  and  the  build 
ings  are  chiefly  on  one  street,  running  parallel 
with  the  river.  The  town  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  church,  nail  factory,  and  5,221  in 
habitants.  The  great  road  from  Wheeling  to 
Cumberland,  on  the  Potomac,  was  constructed 
by  the  U.S. at  an  expense  of  $1,800,000.  This 
road  completes  the  communication  between 
Baltimore  and  the  navigable  western  waters, 
and  will  doubtless  .cause  Wheeling  to  rise  rap 
idly  in  population  and  commercial  importance 

WHEELING,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  N 
from  St.  Clairsville.  Pop.  1,669. 


WHEELING,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  on 
Wills  creek,  6  m.  N.  from  Cambridge.  POD. 
277. 

WHEELING,  or  Indian  Wheeling,  r.  Ohio, 
runs  into  the  Ohio,  nearly  opposite  the  town 
of  Wheeling. 

WHEELOCK,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  30  m.  NE. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  834. 

WHETSTONE,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  the 
3cioto,  at  Columbus. 

WHITE,  co.  of  Ten.  bounded  by  Bledsoe 
SE  Warren  W.  or  Caney  Fork  river  SW. 
Smith  NW.  Jackson  N.  and  Overton  NE. 
Length  40  m.  mean  width  19.  It  is  drained 
by  the  eastern  branches  of  Caney  Fork  river. 
Chief  town,  Sparta.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,701 ;  in 
1830,  9,962. 

WHITE,  co.  of  II.  bounded  by  Wabash 
river  E.  Gallatin  co.  S.  Franklin  and  Jefferson 
W.  and  Wayne  and  Edwards  N.  Length  42 
m.  width  20,  area  800  sq.  ms.  It  is  chiefly 
drained  by  Little  Wabash  river.  Chief  town, 
Carmi.  Pop.  in  1820,  4,828 ;  in  1830,  6,091. 

WHITE  BAY,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  New 
foundland.  Lon.  56°  25'  W. ;  lat.  50°  10'  N. 

WHITE  BEAR  LAKE,  lake,  N.  America, 
one  of  the  most  northerly  of  those  lakes  which 
supply  the  Mississippi.  It  is  about  60  m.  in 
circumference.  Lon.  95°  307  W. ;  lat.  46°  50'  N. 

WHITE  BLUFF,  settlement,  Chatham  co. 
Geo.  10  m.  S.  from  Savannah. 

WHITE  CAVE,  cave,  Ken.  a  mile  from 
Mammoth  Cave.  It  contains  many  splendid 
and  beautiful  petrifactions. 

WHITE  CHIMNEYS,  v.  Caroline  co.  Va. 
30  m.  NNE.  from  Richmond. 

WHITE  CLAY  CREEK,  rises  in  Chester 
co.  Pa.  flows  SE.  into  Newcastle  co.  Del.  and 
joins  Red  Clay  creek  near  their  joint  influx 
into  the  Christiana. 

WHITE  CREEK,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y. 
It  is  the  seat  of  an  academy,  36  m.  NE.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  2,448. 

WHITE  DAY,  t.  Monongahela  co.  Va.  320 
m.  NW.  from  Richmond. 

WHITE  DEER,  v.  Ly coming  co.  Pa.  10 
SSE.  from  Williamsport,  and  84  m.  N.  from 
Harrisburg. 

WHITE-EARTH,  r.  N.  America,  empties 
into  the  Missouri,  1,840  m.  from  the  Missis 


sippi. 
WI 


HITEFACE,  mt.  N.  H.,  N.  of  Sandwich 
mountain. 

WHITEFACE,  mt.  in  Jay,  N.  Y.  It  com- 
mands  a  very  extensive  prospect.  Montreal 
80  m.  distant,  may  be  seen  from  its  summit. 
Its  height  is  estimated  at  2,600  feet. 

WHITEFIELD,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  both 
sides  of  Sheepscot  river,  15  m.  N.  from  Wis- 
casset.  Pop.  2,020. 

WHITEFIELD,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  4  m. 
from  Connecticut  river,  120  m.  N.  from  Con 
cord.  Pop.  685. 

WHITE  FISH  POINT,  peninsula,  Michi 
gan  territory,  extending  into  Lake  Superior, 
33  m.  W.  St.  Mary's  river. 

WHITEHALL,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y. 
It  stands  at  the  mouth  of  a  creek  flowing  into 
the  S.  end  of  Lake  Champlain,  The  northern 


438 


WHI~  WHI 


canal  from  the  Hudson  here  passes  into  the 
lake.  Sloops,  steam-boats,  and  other  lake  craft 
come  up  to  the  town,  and  the  trade  of  the  place 
is  very  active.  A  steam-boat  plies  regularly 
between  Whitehall  and  St.  Johns,  L.  C.  70  m. 
N,  from  Albany,  170  NVV.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
2,888. 

WHITEHALL,  v.  Columbia  co.  Pa.  2  m. 
N  from  Danville,  and  81  m.  a  little  E.  of  N. 
from  Harrisburg. 

WHITE  HALL,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va.  92 
m.  westerly  from  W. 

WHITE  HALL,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C. 
163  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

WHITE  HALL,  v.  Abbeville  district,  S.C. 
100  m.  W.  from  Columbia. 

WHITE  HAVEN,  v.  Somerset  co.  Md. 

WHITEHEAD,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  67°  40'  W. ;  lat.  44° 
43' N. 

WHITE  HOUSE,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 
9  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Summerville,  and  39 
m.  N.  from  Trenton. 

WHITE  LAKE,  v.  on  the  Newburgh  turn 
pike  road,  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  50  m.  NW.  by 
W.  from  Newburgh,  and  122  m.  NW.  from  Al 
bany. 

WHITELEY,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by  Ten. 
S.  Wayne  co.  Ken.  W.  Rockcastle  river  NW. 
Knox  NE.  and  Harlan  E.  Length  40  m.  mean 
width  14.  Cumberland  river  traverses  it  from 
SE.  to  NW.  Chief  town,  Williamsburg.  Pop. 
in  1820,  2,340 ;  in  1830,  3,807. 

WHITELEY,  C.  H.  and  v.  Whiteley  co. 
Ken.  78  m.  SSE.  from  Hartford,  557  from  W. 

WHITELEYSBURG,  v.  Kent  co  Del.  22 
m.  SE.  from  Dover. 

WH1TEMARSH,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
about  12  m.  N.  from  Philadelphia.  The  White- 
marsh  has  long  been  noted  for  its  elegant  and 
variegated  marble. 

WHITE  MOUNTAINS,  or  White  Hills, 
range  of  mountains,  N.  H.  18  or  20  m.  long 
and  8  or  10  broad.  The  base  of  the  mountains 
is  about  25  SE.  from  Lancaster,  and  Mount 
Washington,  the  highest  summit,  is  70  m.  in 
a  right  line  N.  from  Concord,  82  N.  by  W. 
from  Portsmouth.  Lon.  71°  20'  W.;  lat.  44° 
15'  N.  In  the  western  pass  of  these  moun 
tains  there  is  a  remarkable  gap,  called  the 
Notch.  These  mountains  are  covered  with 
snow  9  or  10  months  in  the  year,  and  derive 
their  name  from  their  white  appearance.  They 
are  seen  many  miles  off  at  sea,  and  a  person, 
when  on  their  summit,  has  a  distinct  view  of 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  the  nearest  part  of  which 
is  65  m.  distant  in  a  direct  line.  The  limit  of 
forest-trees  is  at  the  height  of  4,428  feet.  The 
view  from  the  summit  of  Mount  Washington 
is  wonderfully  grand  and  picturesque.  Innu 
merable  mountains,  lakes,  ponds,  rivers,  towns, 
and  villages  meet  the  delighted  eye,  and  the 
dim  Atlantic  stretches  its  waters  along  the 
eastern  horizon.  To  the  N.  is  seen  the  lofty 
summits  of  Adams  and  Jefferson,  and  to  the 
E.  a  little  detached  from  the  range  stands 
Mount  Madison.  Mount  Washington  is  sup 
ported  on  the  N.  by  a  high  ridge  which  ex- 
lend*  to  Mount  Jefferson ;  on  the  NE.  by  a 


large  grassy  plain,  terminating  in  a  vast  spur 
extending  far  away  in  that  direction ;  E.  by  a 
promontory  of  no  great  extent,  but  which 
breaks  off  abruptly ;  S.  and  SE.  by  a  grassy 
plain,  in  summer,  of  more  than  40  acres.  The 
more  elevated  parts  of  these  mountains  are 
occasionally  subject  to  slides  of  earth,  which 
sweep  suddenly  down  their  sides,  and  occasion 
great  damage.  A  serious  calamity  of  this  kind 
occurred  at  the  Notch  in  August,  1826,  to  a 
family  of  the  name  of  Willey,  who  occupied 
a  dwelling  in  the  narrowest  part  of  the  defile 
many  miles  from  any  other  human  habitation. 
At  midnight,  during  a  furious  storm  of  rain, 
the  mountain  broke  loose  above  them,  and 
poured  down  in  a  torrent  of  earth,  rocks,  and 
trees.  The  family,  aroused  by  the  noise,  im 
mediately  fled  from  the  house,  but  were  over 
taken  by  the  rushing  mass,  and  swept  to  de 
struction.  The  roads  and  bridges  along  the 
valley  were  destroyed,  the  streams  choked  up, 
and  heaps  of  earth,  rocks,  and  trees,  exhibited 
a  frightful  picture  of  desolation. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  elevation  of 
the  several  peaks,  according  to  the  measure 
ment  of  capt.  A.  Partridge. 

Feet  above     Feet  above 
the  sea.        the  base. 

Mount  Washington  . . .  .6,234 4,464 

2d   peak 5,328 3,554 

3d   peak 5,058 3,288 

4th  peak 4,866 3,096 

5th  peak....  4,711 2,941 

6th  peak 4,356 2,586 

Base  of  the  mountains,.  .1,770 

WHITE  OAK,  v.  Rutherford  co.  N.  C.  524 
m.  from  W. 

WHITE  OAK  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  runs  into 
the  Atlantic.  Lon.  77°  26'  W. ;  lat.  34°  39'  N. 

WHITE  OAK  MOUNTAINS,  in  W.  part 
of  N.  C.  Lon.  82°  30'  W. ;  lat.  36°  10'  N. 

WHITE  OAK  SPRING,  v.  Gibson  co.  In 

WHITE  PLAINS,  v.  Orange  co.  Va. 

WHITE  PLAINS,  v.  Granville  co.  N.  C. 

WHITE  PLAINS,  v.  White  co.  Ten. 

WHITE  PLAINS,  v.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
15  m.  N.  of  Kingsbridge,  and  30  of  the  city  of 
New  York.  Pop.  759. 

WHITE  PLAINS,  v  Jackson  co.  Ten.  56 
m.  NE.  from  Murfreesborough. 

WHITE  POST,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va.  10  m. 
SSE.  from  Winchester,  and  78  a  little  N.  of 
W.  from  W. 

WHITE  RIVER,  v.  Lawrence  co.  Arkan 
sas,  125  m.  from  Little  Rock. 

WHITE  RIVER,  r.  In.  is  the  great  south 
eastern  branch  of  the  Wabash.  It  is  formed 
by  two  branches,  both  rising  about  lat.  40°  N. 
and  Ion.  from  W.  8°  W.  and  near  the  western 
boundary  of  the  state  of  Ohio.  Flowing  by  a 
general  course  SW.  about  70  miles,  the  two 
branches  unite,  and  continuing  below  their 
junction  30  miles,  join  the  Wabash,  between 
Knox  and  Gibson  cos.  at  lat.  30°  27'  N. 

WHITE  RIVER,  r.  of  Ark.  and  Mis.  rises 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  latter,  and  northern 
part  of  the  former,  by  2  large  branches,  White 
river  proper,  or  NW.  branch,  and  Black  river, 
or  NE.  branch.  Both  these  rivers  are  naviga- 


WHI— W1L 


439 


We  in  seasons  of  high  water,  far  above  their 
junction.  They  unite  in  Arkansas,  lat.  35° 
30'  N,  and  the  stream  flows  thence  nearly  a  S. 
course  about  120  m.  S.  and  falls  into  Mississippi 
river  30  m.  above  the  mouth  of  Arkansas. 
White  river  is  at  all  seasons  navigable  below 
the  mouth  of  Black  river.  The  length  of  this 
stream,  following  either  branch,  is  about  350 
miles. 

WHITE  RIVER,  v.  Lawrence  co.  Mis. 

WHITE  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  rises  in  Kingston, 
and  runs  into  the  Connecticut,  at  Hartford. 
Length  50  miles. 

WHITE  RIVER,  t.  Knox  co.  In. 

WHITE  RIVER,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Mis- 
eouri,  1130  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

WHITE  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into 
Lake  Michigan,  Ion.  85°  35'  W.;  lat.  43° 
40' N. 

WHITE  ROCK,  v.  Charlotte  co.  Va. 

WHITE  ROCK,  v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

WHITESBOROUGH,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 
4  m.  NW.  from  Utica.  It  is  principally  built 
on  a  single  street,  1$  m.  long,  and  contains  a 
handsome  court-house,  a  jail,  academy,  and  2 
churches,  1  for  Baptists  and  1  for  Presbyteri 
ans.  Many  of  the  dwelling-houses  are  elegant. 

WHITE'S  CREEK,  v.  Rhea  co.  Ten. 

WHITESTOWN,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Mohawk,  comprising  the  villages  of  Whites- 
borough  and  New  Hartford.  Pop.  4,410. 

WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS,  v.  Green- 
brier  co.  Va. 

WHITESVILLE,  t  and  cap.  Columbus  co. 
N.C. 

WHITEWATER,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  1,734. 

WHITE  WATER,  r.  rises  in  In.  and  re 
ceiving  numerous  tributaries,  runs  into  the 
Miami,  in  Ohio,  5  m.  above  the  junction  of  that 
river  with  the  Ohio,  20  m.  below  Brookville. 
It  is  a  beautiful,  transparent  stream.  It  has 
a  rapid  current,  not  easily  navigable,  but  is 
well  adapted  to  mills,  and  many  are  now 
erected. 

WHITE  WOMAN'S  RIVER,  r.  Ohio,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  Mohiccan  and  Owl 
creeks,  and  flows  into  the  Muskingum,  at  Co- 
shocton. 

WHITING,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt  on  Otter 
creek,  50  m.  SW.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  653. 

WHITINGHAM,  t  Windham  co.  Vt.  52  m. 
S.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,477. 

WHITTEDSVILLE,v.  Buncombe  co.  N.C. 

WICKFORD,  v.  in  North  Kingston,  R.  I. 
on  Narraganset  Bay,  9  m.  NW.  from  Newport. 
It  is  pleasantly  situated,  and  contains  about  100 
dwelling-houses,  a  bank,  an  academy,  with  a 
building  of  60  feet  by  30,  and  about  60  stu 
dents  ;  3  churches,  1  each  for  Baptists,  Episco 
palians,  and  Quakers. 

WICOMICO,  r.  Md.  rises  in  Delaware,  and 
falls  into  the  Chesapeake,  S.  of  the  Nanticoke. 

WICOMICO  CHURCH,  v.  Northumber 
land  co.  Va. 

WICONISCO,  creek,  Dauphin- co.  Pa.  runs 
into  the  Susquehannah  on  the  E.  side,  14  m 
above  the  Juniatta, 


WICONISCO  MOUNTAIN,  Dauphin  to. 
Pa.  S.  of  Wiconisco  creek. 

WIGHCOMICO,  short  navigable  river,  Md. 
flows  into  the  Potomac,  35  m.  from  its  mouth. 

WILBRAHAM,  t.  Hampden  co.  Muss.  10 
m.  SE.  from  Springfield,  77  WSW.  from  Bos. 
ton.  Pop.  2,035. 

WILCOX,  co.  Al.  bounded  N.  by  Dallas, 
E.  by  Montgomery,  S.  by  Butler  and  Monroe, 
W.  by  Clarke  and  Marengo.  Chief  town,  Can- 
ton.  Pop.  2,469. 

WILDERNESS,  v.  Spotsylvania  co.  Va. 

WILKES,  co.  Geo.  bounded  by  Columbia 
and  Warren  SE.  Greene  SW.  Oglethorpe  NVV 
Broad  river  or  Jefferson  and  Lincoln  cos.  E. 
It  is  about  22  m.  square.  Chief  town,  Wash- 
ington.  Pop.  in  1820, 16,912 ;  in  1830, 14,237. 

WILKES,  co.  north-west  corner  of  N.  C. 
bounded  N.  by  Asher,  E.  by  Surrey,  S.  by  Ire- 
dell  and  Burke,  W.  by  Burke  and  Asher.  Chief 
town,  Wilkesborough.  Pop.  in  1820,  9,967;  in 
1830,  11,942. 

WILKES,  t.  and  cap.  Wilkes  co.  N.C.  50 
m.  W.  from  Germantovvn,  442  from  W. 

WILKES,  L  Gallia  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  476. 

WILKESBARRE,  formerly  Wyoming,  t 
and  cap.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the  SE.  side  of 
the  Susquehannah,  119  m.  NW.  from  Phila 
delphia,  121  NE.  from  Harrisburg,  222  from 
W.  Pop.  2,233.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
jail,  church,  bank,  and  academy,  and  issues  2 
weekly  newspapers.  A  dreadful  massacre  wa» 
committed  in  this  place  during  the  American 
war,  by  the  Indians  under  the  command  of 
Col.  Butler. 

WILKINSON,  co.  SW.  corner  of  Mis.  Pop. 
11,693.  Chief  town,  Woodville. 

WILKINSON,  ca  SW.  part  of  Geo.  Pop. 
6,558.  Chief  town,  Irwinton. 

WILKINSONVILLE,  t.  Randolph  co.  II 
on  the  Ohio,  about  half-way  between  Fort  Mas- 
sac  and  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio. 

WILKINSONVILLE,  v.  Chesterfield  co. 
Virginia. 

WILL  AM  ANTIC,  r.  Ct.  It  is  a  principal 
branch  of  the  Shetucket,  which  it  joins  N.  of 
Lebanon. 

WILLEQUENGAUGUM,  lake  on  E.  side 
of  Me.  at  the  sources  of  the  St  Croix. 

WILLET,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  840. 

WILLIAMS,  NW.  co.  of  Ohio,  bounded  N. 
by  Michigan,  E.  by  Henry  co,  S.  by  Paulding, 
and  W.  by  the  state  of  Indiana.  It  is  above 
25  m.  long  from  N.  to  S.  by  24  broad  from  E. 
to  W.  It  is  not  settled.  The  principal  waters 
are  the  St.  Joseph's  and  Maumee  rivers. 

WILLIAMSBOROUGH,  t.  Burlington  ca 
N.J. 

WILLIAMSBOROUGH,  v.  Greenville  co. 
N.  C.  on  the  W.  side  of  Nutbush  creek,  a 
branch  of  the  Roanoke,  17  m.  W,  from  War- 
renton,  about  37  W.  by  N.  from  Halifax,  and 
49  NE.  from  Hillsborough. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  t.  N.  from  Sebec  river, 
Penobscot  co.  Me,  65  m.  N.  from  Belfast,  40 
NNW.  from  Bangor,  and  175  NNE.  from  Port- 
land.  Pop.  227. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Maw 


440 


WIL— WIL 


8  m.  NW.  from  Northampton,  100  W.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,225. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa 

WILLIAMSBURG,  t.  Talbot  co.  Md.  5  m. 
NE.  from  Easton. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio, 
35  m.  ENE.  from  Cincinnati,  65  W.  by  S. 
from  Chillicothe.  Pop.  286.  It  was  formerly 
the  cap.  of  the  co.  It  contains  a  court-house 
a  jail,  and  a  printing-office. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  v.  James  City  co.  Va. 
32  m.  E.  by  S.  from  Richmond.  This  town 
was  once  the  capital  of  the  state,  but  is  now 
much  decayed  from  its  former  importance.  It 
still  contains  William  and  Mary  College,  which 
was  founded  here  in  1693.  It  has  7  instruct 
ors  and  60  students.  The  libraries  have  4,200 
volumes.  It  has  one  vacation  of  nearly  four 
months,  from  July  to  October.  Commence 
ment  is  in  July. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio, 
containing  a  village  of  the  same  name.  Pop. 
1,609. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  t.  Mason  co.  Ken. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  district,  NE.  part  of 
S.C. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Williams- 
burg  district,  S.C.  72  m.  NNE.  from  Charleston. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  v.  Jackson  co.  Ten. 
on  N.  side  of  the  Cumberland,  about  15  m. 
ENE.  from  Carthage.  Six  miles  NE.  of  this 
village  there  is  a  valuable  salt-spring,  where 
large  quantities  of  salt  are  made. 

WILLIAMSFIELD,t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 

WILLIAMSON,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  S. 
side  of  Lake  Ontario,  20  m.  N.  from  Canan- 
daigua.  Pop.  1,788. 

WILLIAMSON,  co.  W.  Ten.  Pop.  26,608. 
Chief  town,  Franklin. 

WILLIAMSPORT,bor.  and  cap.Lycoming 
co.  Pa.  on  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehaunah,  38 
m.  above  Northumberland,  2£  E.  from  New- 
bury,  190  from  W. 

WILLIAMSPORT,  t.  Washington  co.  Md. 
on  the  Potomac,  6  m.  W.  from  Elizabethtown. 

WILLIAMS'  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  rises  in  Ches 
ter,  and  runs  into  the  Connecticut,  3  m.  N. 
from  Bellows  Falls. 

WILLIAMSTON,  t.  and  cap.  Martin  co. 
N.  C.  on  the  Roanoke,  50  m.  SE.  from  Halifax, 
277  from  W. 

WILLIAMSTOWN,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt  11 
m.  S.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,487. 

WILLIAMSTOWN,t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 
28  m.  N.  from  Lenox,  135  W.  by  N.  from  Bos 
ton.  Lon.  73°  15'  W.;  lat  42°  38'  N.  Pop. 
2,137.  It  is  situated  in  NW.  corner  of  the 
state,  having  Saddle  Mountain  on  the  E.  and 
hills  which  separate  it  from  New  York  on  the 
W.  being  in  a  beautiful  vale.  Hoosack  river 
flows  through  the  NE.  part.  It  is  a  fine  agri 
cultural  town,  and  contains  2  Congregational 
meeting-houses,  a  college,  and  some  manufac 
turing  establishments.  Williams  College,  at 
this  place,  was  founded  in  1793 ;  it  is  a  re 
spectable  and  flourishing  institution ;  the  build 
ings  are,  two  brick  edifices  4  stories  high,  and 
a  laboratory.  The  libraries  contain  about  4,000 
volumes ;  the  number  of  students  ranges  from 


100  to  150 ;  the  whole  number  of  graduate* 
from  its  commencement  to  1830,  was  700, 
Lectures  are  given  on  chemistry,  mathematics 
and  natural  philosophy,  languages,  and  divini 
ty.  There  are  3  terms  in  a  year.  Term  hills, 
including  tuition,  room  rent,  library,  &c.  are 
usually  less  than  10  dollars.  Board  is  usually 

2  dollars  a  week.     Commencement  is  held  on 
the  first  Wednesday  in  September.  There  are 

3  vacations ;  the  first,  from  commencement  4 
weeks;  the  second,  from  the  4th  Wednesday 
in  December  6  weeks;  the  third,  from  the  3d 
Wednesday  in  May,  3  weeks. 

WILLIAMSTOWN,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.Y. 
W.  of  Camden.  Pop.  606. 

WILLIAMSTOWN,  v.  Grant  co.  Ken. 

WILLIAMSVILLE,  v.  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
11  m.  NE.  from  Buffalo. 

WILLIAMSVILLE,  v.  on  Ellicott's  creek, 
Erie  co.  N.  Y.  12  m,  NE.  from  Buffalo. 

WILLIAMSVJLLE,  v.  Chesterfield  co.  Va. 
43  m.  from  Richmond. 

WILLIAMSVILLE,  v.  Person  co.  N.C. 

WILLIAMSVILLE,  v.  Christian  co.  Ken, 

WILLIMANTIC,  rapids  in  Connecticut  r. 
Mass,  about  a  mile  below  South  Hadley  canal. 
They  are  avoided  by  opening  a  channel  a  mile 
in  length  on  the  western  shore. 

WILLINBOROUGH,t  Burlington  co.  N.  J, 
on  the  Delaware,  14  m.  from  Philadelphia 
Pop.  782. 

WILLINGBOROUGH,  v.  Susquehannah 
co.  Pa. 

WILLING'S  CREEK,  r.  Mis.  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  Ion.  91°  21'  W. ;  lat.  30°  49'  N. 

WILLINGTON,  v.  Abbeville  district,  S.C 

WILLINGTON,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  8  m.  E. 
from  Tolland,  26  NE.  Hartford.  Pop.  1,305. 

WILLIS'S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the 
James  river,  Ion.  78°  18'  W. ;  lat  37°  40'  N. 

WILLIS'S  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Buckingham 
co.  Va.  42  m.  S.  from  Charlottesville. 

WILLISTON,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  8  m, 
ESE.  from  Burlington. 

WILLOUGHBY,  t.  Lincoln  co.  U.  C,  on 
Niagara  river,  just  above  the  falls. 

WILLOUGHBY  LAKE,  lake,  in  Essex  co. 
Vermont 

WILLOW  GROVE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 

WILLOW  GROVE,  v.  Sumpter  district, 
S.  Carolina. 

WILLS,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,596. 

WILLSBOROUGH,  t  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Lake  Champlain,  S.  from  Chesterfield.  Pop. 
1,316. 

WILL'S  CREEK,  r.  rises  in  Pa.  and  runs 
S.  by  W.  into  the  Potomac,  at  Cumberland,  in 
Maryland. 

WILLSHIRE,  v.  Van  Wert  co.  Ohio,  131 
m.  NW.  from  Columbus. 

WILLTOWN,  v.  in  Fairfield,  Ct.  279  m. 
i-om  W. 

WILLTOWN,  v.  Williarnsburg  district, 
S.  Carolina. 

WILLTOWN, v.  Charleston  district,  S.C.  on 
the  Edisto,  27  m.  WSW.  from  Charleston. 

WILMINGTON,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt  21  m, 
E.  from  Bennington.  Pop.  1367. 

WILMINGTON,t.Essexco,N.Y.  Pop,695, 


WIL— WIN 


441 


WILMINGTON,  t.  Middlesex  co  Mass.  16 
m.  N.  from  Boston.    Pop.  731. 

WILMINGTON,  city  and  port  of  entry, 
Newcastle  co.  Del  between  the  Brandywine 
and  Christiana  creeks,  1  m.  above  their  conflu 
ence,  and  2  W.  from  the  Delaware,  5  N.  from 
Newcastle,  28  SW.  from  Philadelphia,  72  NE. 
from  Baltimore,  and  110  from  W.  Lon.  77° 
34'  W. ;  lat.  39°  43'  N.  Pop.  in  1820,  5,268 ; 
in  1830,  6,628.  The  position  of  the  town  is 
high,  airy  and  pleasant;  it  is  regularly  laid 
out,  the  streets  crossing  each  other  at  right 
angles.  It  is  supplied  with  water  from  the 
Brandywine,  by  water-works,  like  those  of 
Philadelphia.  The  city  contains  a  town-hall, 
2  market-houses,  3  banks,  a  spacious  alms- 
house  of  stone,  a  TJ.  S.  arsenal,  and  13  houses 
of  public  worship,  viz.  3  for  Episcopalians,  3 
for  Presbyterians,  3  for  Methodists,  2  for 
Friends,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Roman  Cath 
olics.  The  Christiana  admits  vessels  drawing 
14  feet  of  water  to  the  town,  arid  those  of  I 
feet  can  ascend  8  m.  further.  The  Brandy 
wine  has  8  feet  of  water  to  the  mills.  This 
town  owns  more  than  10,000  tons  of  shipping, 
Its  staple  article  of  export  is  flour.  There  is 
a  bridge  over  the  Brandywine,  and  one  over 
the  Christiana,  connecting  it  on  each  side, with 
the  beautiful  surrounding  country,  in  which  il 
is  situated.  The  celebrated  Brandywine  flour 
mills  are  in  a  village  a  little  distant  from  the 
town.  These  flour  mills  were  formerly  the 
most  numerous  and  important  in  the  U.  S 
Those  in  Rochester,  New  York,  now  vie  with 
them.  Within  10  m.  of  Wilmington  there  are 
at  least  100  important  manufactories,  render 
ing  it  the  largest  manufacturing  district  in  the 
Atlantic  states  S.  of  Philadelphia.  The  prin 
cipal  articles  manufactured  are  flour,  cotton 
wool,  paper,  iron  castings,  and  powder.  The 
celebrated  powder  manufactory  of  E.  I.  Da 
pont  is  on  the  Brandywine,  near  Wilmington 
The  Brandywine  Chalybeate  Springs  are  like 
wise  within  5  m.  of  Wilmington,  situated  in  a 
highly  romantic  and  rural  country.  The 
building  for  the  accommodation  of  boarders 
will  bear  comparison  with  any  similar  estab 
lishment  in  the  U.  S.  It  is  a  place  of  grea 
resort  for  invalids  and  people  of  fashion  during 
the  warm  season.  Wilmington  is  noted  fo 
the  number  and  excellence  of  its  private 
schools,  which  may  be  attributed  to  a  want  of 
enterprise  in  its  inhabitants  to  encourage  pub 
lie  institutions.  There  is  not  a  seminary  in 
the  city  of  public  endowment.  Among  the 
private  seminaries  are  three  Friends'  boarding 
schools,  two  for  boys,  and  one  for  young  ladies 
of  long-established  celebrity ;  there  are  severa 
other  schools  of  the  first  order  that  accommo 
date  both  boarding  and  day  scholars.  Th 
whole  number  of  schools  is  above  40,  most  of 
which  are  taught  by  females.  A  Catholic 
charity  school  for  the  education  of  orphans  it 
among  the  number.  There  are  4  printing 
offices  in  the  town,  from  which  are  issued  ^ 
periodical  papers,  2  semi-weekly  and  2  weekly 
There  is  likewise  a  public  library  of  2,200 
volumes.  Wilmington  carries  on  a  brisk  trade 
with  Philadelphia ;  two  steam-boats  run  daily 
3F 


>etween  the  two  cities,  and  a  third  runs  be; 
ween  Wilmington  and  New  Jersey.  It  con- 
ains  a  large  number  of  stores  of  almost  every 
lescription,  from  which  gbods  may  be  bought^ 
t  retail,  on  as  good  or  better  terms  than  in 
'hiladelphia; 

WILMINGTON,  t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap; 
*few  Hanover  co.  N.  C.  on  the  E;  side  of  Cape 
?ear  river,  just  below  the  confluence  of  the 
tf E;  and  NW.  branches,  about  35  m.  from  the 
sea ;  90  SE.  from  Fayetteville,  93  SSW.  from 
Newbern,  and  416  from  W.  Lon.  78°  10'  W. ; 
.at.  34°  11'  N.  Pop.  2,700.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  2  banks,  a 
printing-office,  an  Episcopal,  and  a  Presbytei 
rian  church.  The  exports  from  this  town 
some  years  exceeds  1,000,000  dollars.  It  is 
well  situated  for  trade,  but  is  accounted  un 
healthy.  The  harbor  admits  vessels  of  300 
tons,  but  the  entrance  is  rendered  dangerous 
and  difficult  by  a  large  shoal.  Opposite  the 
town  are  two  islands,  which  extend  with  the 
course  of  the  river,  dividing  it  into  3  channels; 

WILMINGTON,  island,  near  the  coast  of 
Georgia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Savannah  river* 
Lat.  32°  N. 

WILMINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  Clinton  co. 
Ohio,  50  m.  W.  from  Chillicothe,  54  NE.  front 
Cincinnati,  60  SW.  from  Columbus,  and  444 
from  W.  It  was  laid  out  in  1810,  and  is  a 
flourishing  town,  containing  a  printing-office, 
and  607  inhabitants. 

WILMINGTON,  t.  Fluvanna  co.  Va; 

WILMOT,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N;H.  29  m* 
NW.  from  Concord.  Pop.  834. 

WILNA,  t.  Jefferson  co,  N.  Y.   Pop.  1,602* 

WILSON,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  913. 

WILSON,  co.  West  Ten.  on  the  S.  side  of 
Cumberland  river.  Pop.  25,447.  Chief  town, 
Lebanon. 

WILSON  HILL,  v,  Shelby  co.  Al.  133  m. 
NNE.  from  Cahawba* 

WILTON,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  35  m;  NW, 
from  Augusta,  200  NNE.  from  Boston*  Pop* 
1,650. 

WILTON,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.H<  9  m* 
WSW.  from  Amherst*  40  SSW.  from  Concord* 
Pop.  1,04L 

WILTON,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  7  m,  N.  from 
Norwalk.  Pop.  2,OS5.  Here  is  an  academy. 

WILTON,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  1,303* 

WINCHENDON,  t  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
33  m.  NNW.  from  Worcester,  60  NW.  from 
Boston*  Pop*  1,463* 

WINCHESTER,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N;H  13 
m,  SSW.  from  Keene,  70  WSW.  from  Con, 
cord.  Pop.  2,052. 

WINCHESTER,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  15  m* 
N.  Litchfield.  Pop.  1,766. 

WINCHESTER,  v*  Greene  co*  Ohio,  on 
Anderson's  creek,  7  m*  from  Xenia*  Pop;  8. 

WINCHESTER,  v.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  33m* 
NNE.  from  Zanesville,  45  W.  from  Wheeling* 

WINCHESTER,  city  and  cap*  Frederick 
co,  Va.  30  m*  SW*  from  Harper's  Ferry,  70 
WNW.  from  Washington,  95  NE.  from  Staun- 
ton,  150  NNW.  from  Richmond.  Lon.  77° 
28'  W. ;  lat  39°  16'  N.  Pop.  about  5,000.  It 
is  pleasantly  situated,  regularly  laid  out  in 


442 


WIN— WIN 


•quares,  11  a  handsome  and  flourishing  town 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  alms 
house,  a  market-house,  as  well  as  a  freema 
sons'  hall,  2  banks,  2  academies,  1  for  male 
and  1  for  females,  2  printing-offices,  from  eac 
of  which  is  issued  a  weekly  newspaper,  and 
houses  of  public  worship,  for  Presbyterians 
Episcopalians,  German  Lutherans,  Baptists, 
Methodists,  and  Roman  Catholics.  The  prin 
cipal  street  is  well  paved,  and  the  town  we] 
built,  a  large  part  of  the  houses  being  of  brick 
It  is  supplied  with  excellent  water  by  an  aque 
duct  Near  the  town  there  are  several  medi 
cinal  springs ;  in  the  vicinity  there  are  a  num 
ber  of  flour  mills.  It  has  a  large  number  oi 
manufactories  and  workshops,  and  being  cen 
tral  to  many  mineral  springs,  and  a  place 
noted  for  its  salubrity  and  pleasantness,  it  is  a 
summer  resort  for  strangers. 

WINCHESTER,  t.  and  cap.  Clarke  co.  Ken 
on  a  branch  of  Licking  river,  16  m.  SSE.  from 
Paris,  and  530  from  W.  Pop.  620.  Here  is 
a  printing-office. 

WINCHESTER,  t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co 
Ten.  on  Elk  river,  about  35  m.  E.  by  N.  from 
Fayetteville,  and  687  m.  from  W. 

WINCHESTER,  v.  and  seat  of  justice 
Wayne  co.  Mis.  on  Oaktibbehan,  branch  of 
Pascagoula  river,  180  m.  E.  from  Natchez,  15( 
NE.  from  New  Orleans.  Lat  31°  39'  N. 

WINDHAM,  co.  SE.  part  of  Vt  bounded 
N.  by  Windsor  co.  E.  by  Connecticut  river,  S 
by  Massachusetts,  and  W.  by  Bennington  co 
Pop.  28,758.  Chief  town,  Newfane. 

WINDHAM,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  25  m 
SW.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  84. 

WINDHAM,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  34 
m.  NNW.  from  Boston,  40  WSW.  from  Ports 
mouth.  Pop.  1,006. 

WINDHAM,  or,  Ct.  bounded  N.  and  E.  by 
Massachusetts,  S.  by  New  London  co.  and  W. 
by  Tolland  co.  Pop.  27,077.  Chief  town, 
Brooklyn. 

WINDHAM,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct  12  m. 
NNW.  from  Norwich,  31  E.  from  Hartford, 
365  from  W.  Pop.  2,812.  It  is  watered  by 
the  Shetucket,  and  has  two  considerable  vil 
lages,  one  called  Windhamtown,  and  the  other 
Williamantie,  or  the  State ;  in  the  latter  are  5 
large  manufactories  of  cotton,  from  which  has 
sprung  this  flourishing  village. 

WINDHAM,  t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  SW.  from 
Catskill.  Pop.  3,472. 

WINDHAM,  v.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  220  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus. 

WINDSOR,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  36  m. 
from  Portland.  Pop.  1,485. 

WINDSOR,  co.  E.  side  of  Vt  bounded  N. 
by  Orange  co.  E.  by  Connecticut  river,  S.  by 
Windham  co.  and  W.  by  Rutland  and  Addi- 
son  cos.  Pop.  40,623.  Chief  towns,  Windsor 
and  Woodstock. 

WINDSOR,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt  on  W.  bank 
of  the  Connecticut,  18  m.  S.  from  Dartmouth 
College,  61  m.  S.  from  Montpelier,  112  NW. 
from  Boston,  126  N.  from  Hartford,  463  from 
W.  Lon.  72°  30'  W.;  lat  43°  29'  N.  Pop. 
3,134.  It  is  a  very  pleasant,  handsome,  and 
flourishing  town,  one  of  the  largest  in  the 


state,  and  has  considerable  trade.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  a  state  prison,  an  academy  for 
young  ladies,  and  3  handsome  houses  of  pub- 
lie  worship,  for  Congregationalists,  Baptists, 
and  Episcopalians.  The  academy  is  a  respect 
able  institution,  and  has  from  70  to  100  pupils. 
The  building  is  of  brick,  2  stories  high. 

WINDSOR,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  28  m 
WSW.  from  Concord.  Pop.  226. 

WINDSOR,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  20  ra 
NE.  from  Lenox,  120  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,042. 

WINDSOR,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct  on  W.  side 
of  the  Connecticut,  7  m.  N.  from  Hartford. 
Pop.  3,220.  It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  ha* 
an  academy. 

WINDSOR,  East,  t  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on  E. 
side  of  the  Connecticut,  nearly  opposite  Wind 
sor,  7  m.  NNE.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  3,537. 
It  contains  an  academy. 

WINDSOR,  East,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.J. 
Pop.  2,129. 

WINDSOR,  West,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J. 
Pop.  1,903. 

WINDSOR,  t  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  25  m. 
NW.  from  Warren.  Pop.  666. 

WINDSOR,  t  and  cap.  Bertie  co.  N.  C.  o» 
the  Cashie,  23  m.  WSW.  from  Edenton,  280 
from  W. 

WINDSOR  CREEK,  r.  N.  America,  which 
uns  into  the  Missouri,  190  m.  below  the 
Great  Falls. 

WINDSOR  RIVER,  r.  Ct  which  runs  into 
the  Connecticut,  4  m.  N.  from  Hartford. 

WINDWARD  ISLANDS,  such  of  th« 
Caribbean,  in  the  West  Indies,  as  commence  at 
Vlartinico,  and  extend  to  Tobago. 

WINDWARD  PASSAGE,  strait  between 
Point  Maizi,  at  the  E.  end  of  the  Island  of 
?uba,  and  Cape  St.  Nicholas,  at  the  NW.  ex- 
remity  of  St.  Domingo. 

WINEBAGO,  lake,  NW.  Territory.  Lon. 
87°46'W.;  lat.  43°  50' N. 

WINEBAGO  RIVER,  r.  NW.  Territory, 
which  runs  from  Winnebago  Lake  to  Green 
3ay  in  Lake  Michigan. 

WINEE,  or  Black  river,  r.  S.  C.  which 
ises  near  Camden,  and  runs  SE.  into  the 
ireat  Pedee,  3  m.  above  Georgetown. 

WINFIELD,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  10  m. 
SW.  from  Herkimer,  10  S.  from  Utica.    Pop. 
,778. 

WINFIELD,  or  Marlborough,  t.  Marlbo- 
ough  district,  S.  C. 

WINHALL,  t  Bennington  co.  Vt.  about 
>0  m.  NE.  from  Albany  in  N.  Y.  and  25  m. 

.  from  Bellows  Falls.    Pop.  571. 
WINNIPEG   LAKE,    N.    America,    the 
ource  of  the  highest  branch  of  the  Mississippi 
iver.    Lon.  95°  8'  W. ;  lat.  47°  16'  N. 

WINNIPISEOGEE  LAKE,  N.  H.  in  Strafc. 
ord  co.  20   m.  long,  and   8,  where  widest, 
road.   It  is  a  beautiful  lake,  of  a  very  inregu- 
ar  form,  and  contains  a  number  of  islands. 
WINNIPISEOGEE,  r.  N.  H.  runs  from 
ake  Winnipiseogee  into  the  Merrimack,  S. 
f  Sanbornton. 

WINNSBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Fairfield 
-  S.  C.  8  m.  W.  of  the  Wateree,  30  m.  NNW. 


WIN— WOO 


443 


from  Columbia,  145  NNW.  from  Charleston. 
It  contains  a  court-house  and  a  jail. 

WINSLOW,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  on  the 
Kennebeck,  opposite  Waterville,  16  m.  N.  from 
Augusta,  196  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,259. 

WINSTED,  v.  and  parish,  in  Litchneld  co. 
Ct.  in  NE.  part  of  Winchester,  containing 
flourishing  manufactures. 

WINTHROP,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  11  m. 
W.  from  Augusta,  160  NNE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,887.  It  is  a  considerable  and  flourish- 
ing  town,  and  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
wool,  and  also  of  copprras. 

WINTON,  cap.  Hertford  co.  N.  C.  on  the 
Chow  an,  35  m.  NNW.  from  Edenton.  It 
contains  but  a  few  houses. 

WINTONBURY,  v.  Hartford  co.  Ct. 

WINY  AW  BAY,  S.  C.  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  Pedee,  Wakkamaw,  and  Wi 
nce.  It  is  12  m.  long. 

WISCASSET,  t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap. 
Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  W.  side  the  Sheepscot,  8 
m.  NE.  from  Bath,  43  NE.  from  Portland,  160 
NE.  from  Boston,  600  from  W.  Lon.  90°  40' 
W. ;  lat.  43°  N.  Pop.  2,244.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
meeting-house,  an  academy,  a  bank,  an  insu 
rance  office,  and  has  considerable  trade.  The 
harbor  is  rarely  frozen. 

WISER'S  CREEK,  r.  N.  America,  runs 
into  the  Missouri,  342  m.  below  the  Great  Falls. 

WISESBURG,  v.  Baltimore  co.  Md.  25  m. 
NW.  from  Baltimore. 

WOBURN,  t  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  10  m. 
N.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,977. 

WOLCOTT,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  28  m.  N. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  492. 

WOLCOTT,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  23  m. 
N.  from  New  Haven.  Pop.  844. 

WOLCOTT,  t.  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.  on  S.  side 
of  Lake  Ontario,  200  m.  W.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  1,085. 

WOLCOTTSVILLE,  v.  Litchneld  co.  Ct 

WOLF  ISLAND,  or  Grande,  isl.  at  NE. 
end  of  Lake  Ontario.  Lon.  75°  50'  W. ;  lat. 
44°  N. 

WOLF  RIVER,  r.  Ten.  runs  into  the  Mis 
sissippi,  N.  of  Chick  asaw  Bluff. 

WOLF  RIVER,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Mis 
souri,  464  m.  from  the  Missouri. 

WOLF  RIVER,  r.  Mis.  runs  S.  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  22  m.  E.  from  Pearl  river. 
Length  140  m.  It  forms  a  considerable  bay 
at  its  mouth,  called  St  Louis's  Bay. 

WOLF  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coast  of  Georgia.  Lon.  81°  30'  W. ; 
lat  31°  19'  N. 

WOLFEBOROUGH,  t.  Stratford  co.  N.  H. 
on  NE.  side  of  Lake  Winnipiseogee,  50  m. 
NNW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  1,928. 

WALLAWOLLAH,  r.  N.  America,  runs 
into  the  Columbia,  below  Lewis's  river. 

WOLVES'  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small  isl 
ands  near  E.  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  66°  50' 
W. ;  lat  45°  4'  N. 

WOMELSDORF,  v.  Berks  co.  Pa.  68  m. 
WNW.  from  Philadelphia. 

WOOD,  co.  NW.  part  of  Va.  bounded  NE. 
by  Ohio  and  Harrison  cos.  SE.  by  Harrison 


and  Kenhawa  cos.  SW.  by  Kenhawa  and 
Mason  counties,  and  NW.  by  the  Ohio.  Pop 
6,409.  Chief  town,  Parkersburg. 

WOOD,  northern  co.  of  the  New  Purchase, 
Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  Michigan,  E.  by  San- 
dusky  and  Seneca,  S.  by  Hancock,  and  W.  by 
Henry  cos.  It  is  31  m.  long  from  N.  to  S. 
by  24  broad  from  E.  to  W.  Pop.  1,095.  Chief 
town,  Perrysburg. 

WOOD  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  runs  N.  into  S. 
end  of  Lake  Champlain.  Length  23  m. 

WOOD  CREEK,  r.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  runs 
W.  into  Oneida  Lake.  It  is  connected  with 
the  Mohawk  by  a  canal,  1£  m,  long,  and  navi 
gable  for  boats  of  12  or  15  tons. 

WOOD  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  coast 
of  Maine,  15  m.  NE.  from  Cape  Porpoise. 
Lon.  70°  24'  W. ;  lat.  43°  26'  N. 

WOOD,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into  the  Mis* 
sissippi,  Ion.  92°  35'  W. ;  lat.  44°  N. 

WOODBRIDGE,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct  7 
m.  NW.  from  New  Haven.  Pop.  2,049. 

WOODBRIDGE,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J. 
W.  of  Arthur  Kull  Sound,  3  m.  NNW.  from 
Amboy.  Pop.  3,969.  The  village  contains  an 
Episcopal  and  Presbyterian  church. 

WOODBURY,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  19  m. 
NE.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  824. 

WOODBURY,  t  Litchfield  co.  Ct  16  m.  S. 
from  Litchfield.  Pop.  2,045. 

WOODBURY,  t.  and  Cap.  Gloucester  co. 
N.  J.  9  m.  S.  from  Philadelphia.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  a  Quaker 
meeting-house,  and  upwards  of  100  houses. 

WOODFORD,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  8  m. 
E.  from  Bennington.  Pop.  395. 

WOODFORD,  co.  Central  part  of  Ken. 
Pop.  12,294.  Chief  town,  Versailles. 

WOODSBOROUGH,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md. 
11  m.  NE.  from  Fredericktown. 

WOODSFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  Monroe  co. 
Ohio,  31  m.  SW.  from  St.  Clairsville,  35  m. 
N.  from  Marietta,  294  from  W.  Pop.  157. 

WOODS,  Lake  of  the,  lake  of  N.  America, 
90  m.  long,  and  30  where  broadest,  but  very 
irregular  in  its  shape.  It  lies  between  the 
Winnipeg  and  Lake  Superior,  chiefly  in  U.  C. 
but  the  S.  part  is  in  the  territory  of  the  U.  S. 
The  lands  on  its  banks  are  covered  with  oaks, 
pines,  firs,  &c. 

WOODSTOCK,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  8  m.  N. 
from  Paris.  Pop.  573. 

WOODSTOCK,  t.  and  cap.  Windsor  co. 
Vt.  14  m.  NW.  from  Windsor,  47  S.  from 
Montpelier.  Pop.  3,044.  Here  is  a  pleasant 
and  handsome  village,  situated  on  the  Water- 
queechy,  containing  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and 
a  Congregational  meeting-house,  and  it  has 
some  trade. 

WOODSTOCK,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  6  m. 
N.  from  Pomfret,  40  ENE.  from  Hartford.  Pop. 
2,928.  It  consists  of  3  parishes,  is  a  valuable 
agricultural  town,  and  contains  an  academy. 

WOODSTOCK,  t.  and  cap.  Shenandoah  co. 
Va.  12  m.  SSW.  from  Strasburg,  30  SSW.  from 
Winchester.  It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  con 
tains  a  handsome  stone  court-house,  a  jail,  an 
academy,  a  market-house,  4  houses  of  public 
worship,  for  German  Lutherans,  Presbyterians, 


444 


\VOO-WYT 


Episcopalians,  and  Methodists,  and  about  600 
inhabitants, 

WOODSTOCK,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  14  m. 
NW.  from  Kingston.  Here  are  iron  works, 
and  2  glass  manufactories. 

WOODSTOCK,  t.  Hyde  co.  N.  C. 

WOODSTOWN,  v.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  It  is 
a  pleasant  place,  contains  a  Quaker  meeting 
house,  and  about  80  dwellings. 

WOODVILLE,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  158 
m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

WOODVILLE,  v.  in  the  western  angle  of 
Culpeper  co.  Va.  98  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  W. 
and  128  NNW.  from  Richmond. 

WOODVILLE,  v.  on  Pamunky  r.  Han 
over  co,  Va,  30  m.  a  little  W.  of  N.  from  Rich 
mond. 

WOODVILLE,  v.  Perquimans  co.  [N.  C. 
231  m.  NE,  by  E.  from  Raleigh. 

WOODVILLE,  v.  Warren  co.  Ten.  about 
20  m.  E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

WOODVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Wil 
kinson  co.  Mis.  38  m.  a  little  E.  of  S.  from 
Natchez.  Pop.  about  700.  The  vicinity  of 
Woodville,  watered  by  the  branches  of  Buffalo 
and  Bayou  Sara,  is  one  of  the  most  productive 
cotton  tracts  in  Mississippi  or  Louisiana.  Dis 
tance  from  W.  1,182  m. 

WOOLWICH,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  the 
Kennebeck,  opposite  Bath,  7  m.W.  from  Wis- 
casset,  152  NE.  from  Boston,  620  from  W. 
Pop.  1,484. 

WOOLWICH,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
3,033. 

WOOSTER,  t.  and  cap.  Wayne  co.  Ohio, 
at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Killbuck,  45 
m.  S.  from  Lake  Erie,  65  N.  from  Zanesville, 
123  W.  from  Pittsburg,  370  from  W.  Lat.40° 
46'  N,  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains 
a  bank,  a  land-office,  a  printing-office,  and  977 
inhabitants.  Two  m.  NW.  of  the  town  a  well 
for  salt  water  has  been  sunk  280  feet  deep,  It 
furnishes  very  salt  water  in  large  quantities. 

WORCESTER,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  10  m. 
N.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  432. 

WORCESTER,  t.  and  cap.  Worcester  co. 
Mass.  39  m.  NNW.  from  Providence,  40  W. 
by  S.  from  Boston,  295  from  W.  Pop.  4,172. 
It  contains  an  elegant  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
bank,  2  paper-mills,  2  printing-offices,  from 
each  of  which  is  issued  a  weekly  newspaper, 
and  3  houses  of  public  worship,  2  for  Congre- 
gationalists,  and  1  for  Baptists.  It  is  pleas 
antly  situated,  and  is  the  largest  inland  town 
in  New  England,  and  is  a  place  of  much  wealth 
and  trade.  The  principal  street  is  upwards 
of  a  mile  in  length.  The  town  is  handsomely 
built,  and  the  neighboring  country  is  very 
pleasant  and  well  cultivated.  Here  is  the  li 
brary  pf  the  American  Antiquarian  Society, 
consisting  of  6,000  volumes.  A  State  Insane 
Asylum  has  recently  been  established  here,  A 
cattle  show  is  held  here  annually.  It  has  a 
communication  with  the  waters  of  Narragan- 
set  Bay  by  the  Blackstone  canal. 

WORCESTER,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by 
Delaware,  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  Virginia, 
and  W.  by  Somerset  co.  Pop.  18,271.  Chief 
town,  SnowhiU. 


WORCESTER,  co.  Mass,  bounded  N.  by 
''few  Hampshire,  E.  by  Middlesex  and  Nor 
folk  cos.  S.  by  Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut, 
md  W.  by  Hampden,  Hampshire,  and  Frank- 
in  cos.  Pop.  84,365. 

WORCESTER,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  13  m. 
SE.  from  Cooperstown.  Pop.  2,013. 

WORCESTER,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  1,953. 

WORTHINGTON,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 

20  m.  WNW.  from  Northampton,  100  W.  from 
Boston. 

WORTHINGTON  v.  Franklin  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Whetstone,  9  m.  NNE.  from  Columbus 
Its  situatifjn  is  a  pleasant  one,  and  it  contains 
an  academy  and  a  large  woollen  manufactory. 
Pop.  314. 

WRENTHAM,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  19  m. 
NW.  from  Taunton,  32  SW.  from  Boston,  420 
from  W.  Pop.  2,765.  It  is  a  considerable 
town,  and  contains  an  academy,  and  a  cotton 
manufactory.  Great  numbers  of  straw  bon 
nets  are  made  in  this  town. 

WRIGHTSBOROUGH,  v.  Union  district, 
S.C. 

WRIGHTSBOROUGH,  v.  Columbia  co. 
Geo. 

WRIGHTSTOWN,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

21  m.  SSE.  from  Trenton,  and  30  NE.  by  E. 
from  Philadelphia. 

WRIGHTSVILLE,  v.  York  co.  Pa.  on  W, 
side  of  the  Susquehannah,  opposite  Columbia, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge. 

WRIGHTSVILLE,  v.  Duplin  co.  N.  C.  89 
m.  SE.  from  Raleigh. 

WYACONDA,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Missis 
sippi,  34  m.  below  the  Moines. 

WYALUSING,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the  E. 
branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  8  or  10  m.  be 
low  Asylum, 

WYE,  creek  of  Md.  separating  Queen  Anne 
from  Talbot  co.  and  falling  into  Chesapeake 
bay,  opposite  the  S.  end  of  Kent  island. 

WYE  MILLS,  v.  Talbot  co.  Md. 

WYLLIESBURG,  t.  Charlotte  co.  Va. 

WYNANT'S  KILL,  r.  N.  Y.  runs  into 
the  Hudson,  in  Troy,  2  m.  S.  from  Poesten's 
Kill. 

WYOMING,  or  Kingston,  v.  Luzerne  co. 
Pa.  on  Susquehannah  river,  1  m.  from,  and  di 
rectly  opposite,  Wilkesbarre.  This  village 
stands  similar  to  Wilkesbarre,  on  an  elevated 
alluvial  plain ;  they  are  in  full  view  from  each 
other. 

WYSAUKEN  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  E. 
branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  6  or  8  m.  above 
Asylum. 

WYSOX,  small  creek  of  Bradford  co.  Pa. 
falling  into  the  Susquehannah,  5  m.  below  To- 
wanda. 

WYTHE,  co.  SW.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
NNW.  by  Tazewell  co.  NE.  by  Montgomery, 
SSE.  by  Grayson  co.  and  W.  by  Washington 
co.  340  from  W.  Pop.  12,163.  Chief  town, 
Evansham. 

WYTHE  COURT-HOUSE,  01  Evansham, 
v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Wythe  co.  Va.  58  miles 
NE.  of  Abington,  31  SW.  of  Inglisville,  and 
351  from  W  Lat.  36°  50'  N.;  Ion.  4°  10'  W 


XAG— YOR 


445 


X. 


XAGUA,  s-p.  of  the  S.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Cuba,  one  of  the  finest  in  America,  84  m. 


SE.  of  Havana. 
10' N. 


Lon.  80°  45'  W. ;  lat.  22< 


XALAPA,  t.  of  New  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Tlascala,  with  a  bishop's  see.  Lon.  98°  20' 
W.,  lat.  19°  32' N. 

XALISCO,  a  t.  of  Mexico,  in  a  province  of 
its  name,  14  m.  NW.  of  Compostella. 

XENIA,  t.  and  cap.  Greene  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Shawnee  Creek,  3  m.  from  the  Little  Miami, 
30  m.  SW.  from  Urbanna,  55  NNE.  from  Cin 
cinnati,  453  from  W.  It  is  a  flourishing  town, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy, 
There  are  several  houses  of  public  worship 
in  the  village.  The  houses  recently  built  are 
chiefly  of  brick  and  stone  Pop.  919. 

Y. 

YADKIN,  r.  N.  C.  rises  between  the  Alle- 
ghany  and  Brushy  Mountains,  pervades  the 
counties  of  Wilkes,  Surrey,  Rowan,  Montgo 
mery,  and  Anson,  and  flows  into  S.  C.  with  the 
name  of  the  Great  Pedee.  In  Montgomery 
co.  it  passes  over  narrows  occasioned  by  moun 
tains  on  each  side,  which  contract  it  from  200 
yards  wide  to  about  30.  A  few  miles  below 
the  narrows  it  receives  Rocky  river,  and  then 
takes  the  name  of  Great  Pedee. 

YANCEYVILLE,  v.  Louisa  co.  Va.  on  the 


S.  Anna, 
fromW. 


60  m.  NW.  from  Richmond,  133 


YANTIC,  or  Norwich,  r.  Ct.  joins  the  She- 
tucket,  at  Norwich. 

YARMOUTH,  s-p.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  4 
m.  E.  from  Barnstable,  20  SSE.  from  Boston, 
488  from  W.  Pop.  2,251. 

YATES,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  S.  by  Steuben, 
N.  by  Ontario,  E.  by  Seneca  Lake,  and  W.  by 
Ontario  and  Canandaigua  Lake.  Length  21 
m.  width  12.  Surface  generally  hilly,  soi] 
fertile,  and  well  wooded.  Chief  town,  Penn 
Yan.  Pop.  19,019. 

YAZOO,  r.  Mis.  rises  in  lat.  35°  N.  near 
the  borders  of  Tennessee,  and  runs  SSW.  and 
flows  into  the  Mississippi,  12  m.  above  Wal 
nut  Hills,  142  above  Natchez.  It  is  about  230 
m.  long,  and  navigable  100  m. 

YAZOO,  Little,  r.  Mis.  runs  SSW.  into  the 
Mississippi,  15  m.  S.  from  Palmyra. 

YAZOO,  co.  of  Mis.  on  the  Yazoo  river. 
Pop.  6,550.  Chief  town,  Benton. 

YELLOW-BUSHA,  or  Yalo-Bushur,  an 
eastern  branch  of  the  Yazoo,  Mis.  A  mis 
sionary  station,  named  Elliot,  was  established, 
in  1818,  on  this  river,  120  m.  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Yazoo. 

YELLOW-BREECHES  CREEK,  r.  Pa. 
runs  into  the  Susquehannah,  on  the  W.  side,  3 
m.  below  Harrisburg. 

YELLOW  CREEK,  t.  Columbiana  co 
Ohio.  Pop.  1,149. 

YELLOW  CREEK,  Great  and  Little,  two 
streams,  Ohio,  which  flow  into  Ohio  river  in 
SE.  corner  of  Columbiana  co.  4  m.  apart. 

YELLOW  CREEK  FURNACE,  and 


Montgomery  co.  Ten.  118  m.  NW.  from  Mur- 
freesborough. 

YELLOW  SPRINGS,  watering  place  and 
illage,  Chester  co.  Pa.  30  m.  NW.  from  Phil- 
adelphia.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  resort 
during  the  warm  season,  and  there  are  two 
fine  hotels  which  afford  excellent  accommoda 
tions  for  visitors. 

YELLOW  SPRINGS,  v.  Huntingdon  co. 
Pa.  56  m  W.  from  Harrisburg. 

YELLOW  SPRINGS,  v.  near  the  northern 
boundary  of  Greene  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  NNE.  from 
Xenia,  and  65  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Columbus. 

YELLOWSTONE,  r.  N.  America,  rises 
from  Lake  Eustis  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
and  after  an  ENE.  course  of  about  1,100  .m. 
joins  the  Missouri,  1,880  m.  from  the  Missis, 
sippi,  Ion.  104°  0'  W. ;  lat.  47°  50'  N.  This 
river  is  nearly  or  quite  as  large  as  the  other 
branch  which  retains  the  name  of  Missouri. 
Its  principal  branches  are  Bighorn  and  Tongue 
rivers.  This  river  was  explored  by  Captain 
Clark,  who  embarked  on  it,  850  m.  from  its 
mouth,  and  tracing  it  down,  found  it  deep  and 
navigable  for  the  whole  of  that  distance. 

YELLOW  WATER,  r.  rises  in  Al.  runs 
nearly  S.  into  Florida,  and  falls  into  Pensacola 
Bay,  after  a  course  of  about  70  m.  It  is  a  fine, 
clear,  and  beautiful  stream,  rising  in  pine 
woods. 

YOCOM  CREEK,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Po- 
tomac,  Ion.  76°  36'  W. ;  lat.  38°  6'  N. 

YONGUESVILLE,  v.  Fairfield  district, 
S.  C.  42  m.  N.  from  Columbus. 

YONKERS,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  on 
E.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  20  m.  N.  from  N.  York, 
Pop.  1,761. 

YORK,  city  of  U.  C.  is  in  about  43°  35'  N. 
lat.  and  is  the  present  seat  of  the  government 
of  U.  C.  It  is  most  beautifully  situated  within 
an  excellent  harbor  of  the  same  name,  made 
by  a  long  peninsula,  which  confines  a  basin 
of  water  sufficiently  large  to  contain  a  consid 
erable  fleet.  Pop.  about  3,500. 

YORK,  SW  co.  of  Me.  bounded  by  the  At 
lantic  Ocean  SE.  Piscataqua  river,  or  New 
Hampshire  SW.  N.  Hampshire  W.  Oxford  co. 
Maine  N.  and  Cumberland  NE.  Length  50 
m.  mean  width  20. 
Chief  town,  York. 
1830,  51,710. 


Its  principal  river,  Saco. 
Pop.  in  1820,  46,283 ;  in 


YORK,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  York  co.  Me. 
on  York  river,  near  the  ocean,  10  m.  NE.  of 
Portsmouth,  16  S.  of  Wells,  and  22  of  Kenne- 
bunk.  Pop.  3,485. 

YORK,  t.  on  the  W.  side  of  Genesee  river, 
Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  25  m.  SSW.  from  Roches 
ter,  and  40  m.  W.  from  Canandaigua.  Pop. 
2,636. 

YORK,  or  Yorktown,  t.  Westchester  co. 
N.  Y.  45  m.  N.  from  New  York.  Pop.  2,141. 

YORK,  co.  S.  side  of  Pa.  bounded  NE.  by  the 
Susquehannah,  which  separates  it  from  Dau 
phin  and  Lancaster  cos.  S.  by  Maryland,  W. 
by  Adams  co.  and  NNW.  by  Cumberland  ca 
Pop.  42,658.  Chief  town,  York 

YORK,  bor.  and  cap.  York  co.  Pa.  on  Codo- 
rus  creek,  22  m.  WSW.  from  Lancaster,  48  N. 
from  Baltimore,  52  E.  from  Chambersburg,  85 


446 


YOR— ZAN 


W.  from  Philadelphia,  66  from  W.  Lon.  76° 
40'  W. ;  lat  39°  58'  N.  Pop.  4,216.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  flourishing  town,  regularly  laid 
out,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  market- 
house,  an  alms-house,  a  register's  office,  an 
Episcopal  academy,  and  10  houses  of  public 
worship,  for  Episcopalians,  English  Presbyte 
rians,  German  Presbyterians,  German  Luther^ 
ans,  Roman  Catholics,  Methodists,  Friends,  and 
Moravians.  A  large  number  of  the  houses 
here  are  handsome  and  spacious  structures  of 
brick. 

YORK,  co.  E.  side  of  Va.  bounded  N.  by 
York  river,  E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  S.  by  Eliza 
beth  City,  Warwick,  and  James  City  cos.  and 
W.  by  James  City  co.  Pop.  5,354.  Chief  town, 
Yorktown. 

YORK,  a  short  and  navigable  river,  Va 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  Pamunky  and  Mat- 
tapony.  It  flows  into  the  Chesapeake,  opposite 
Cape  Charles. 

YORK,  t  Athens  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  871. 

YORK,  t  Belmont  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1 ,429. 

YORK,  district,  N  partofS.C.  Pop.  17,785. 

YORK,  t.  and  cap.  York  district,  S.  C.  30  m. 
N.  from  Columbia,  438  from  W. 

YORK  BAY,  a  bay  on  the  SW.  coast  of  the 
island  of  St.  Vincent,  2  m.  NW.  from  Kingston 
Bay. 

YORK  FORT,  fort  at  the  mouth  of  Nelson's 
river,  in  Hudson's  Bay.  Lon.  92°  46'  W. ;  lat. 
57°  2' N. 

YORK  HAVEN.  v.York  co.  Pa. 

YORK  SULPHUR  SPRINGS,  v.  Adams 
co.  Pa. 

YORKTOWN,  or  York,  t.  port  of  entry, 
and  cap.  York  co.  Va.  on  S.  side  of  York  river, 
12  m.  ESE.  from  Williamsburg,  29  NW.  from 
Norfolk,  70  ESE.  from  Richmond.  Lon.  76° 
52'  W. ;  lat.  37°  22'  N.  Pop.  about  1,000.  York 
river  affords  at  this  town  the  best  harbor  in  Vir 
ginia.  It  is  contracted  here  to  the  width  of  a 
mile,  and  is  inclosed  within  very  high  banks, 
under  which  the  largest  vessels  may  ride  with 
aafety.  It  is  a  place  of  some  trade.  This 
town  is  memorable  for  the  capture  of  Lord 
Cornwallis  and  his  army  by  the  Americans,  un 
der  Gen.  Washington,  on  the  19th  of  October, 
1781. 

YOUNG  POINT,  cape  on  the  E.  coast 
of  St.  Vincent  Lon.  61°  9'  W.;  lat.  13° 
12' N. 

YOUHIOGENY,  river  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland,  rises  in  the  extreme  south-western 
angle  of  Maryland,  between  the  sources  of  Po 
tomac  and  Cheat  rivers.  Pursuing  a  northern 
course  over  the  western  border  of  Maryland,  it 
enters  Pennsylvania  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Lau 
rel  Hills,  and  piercing  both  them  and  the  Ches- 
nut  Ridge,  flows  thence  in  a  NW.  direction, 
and  empties  into  the  Monongahela  15  m.  above, 
or  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

YOUNGSTOWN,  v.  on  Niagara  river,  Ni 
agara  co.  N.  Y.  5  m.  N.  from  Lewiston,  and  20 
NW.by  W.  from  Lockport. 

YOUNGSTOWN,  v.  Westmoreland  co.Pa. 


at  the  western  foot  of  Chesnut  Ridge,  11  m.  E- 
from  Greensburg,  and  158  W.  from  Harrii- 

UYOUNGSTOWN,  t.  in  Trumbull  co.  Ohio, 
on  a  branch  of  Big  Beaver  river,  8  m.  NE.  of 
Canfield,  and  about  90  N.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg. 
Pop.  1,384. 

YOUNGSVILLE,  v.  Warren  co.  Pa.  328 
m.  NW.  from  Harrisburg. 

YUCATAN,  peninsula  and  state  of  Mexico, 
bounded  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  NW.  and  N.  by 
the  Caribbean  sea  E.  by  central  America  S. 
and  by  Chiapa  and  Tabasco  SW.  Length 
from  SW.  to  NE.  500  m.  mean  width  160; 
and  area  80,000  sq.  ms.  "  The  peninsula  of 
Yucatan," says  Humboldt,  "of  which  the  north- 
ern  coast,  from  Cape  Catoche,  to  the  Punta  de 
Piedras,  240  m.  is  a  vast  plain,  intersected  in 
its  interior  by  a  chain  of  hills  of  little  eleva 
tion."  Though  one  of  the  warmest,  Yucatan  is 
among  the  most  healthy  regions  of  equinoctial 
America.  It  reaches  from  lat.  15°  40'  to  21° 
30'  N.  This  salubrity  is,  no  doubt,  owing  to 
the  dryness  of  the  soil  and  atmosphere.  Along 
the  whole  coast,  from  Cape  Catoche  to  the 
mouth  of  the  river  San  Francisco,  in  a  dis 
tance  of  400  m.  the  country  does  not  afford  a 
single  spring  of  fresh  water ;  that  element  is, 
however,  abundant  in  the  interior.  Chief 
towns,  Merida  de  Yucatan,  Campeche,  and 
Valladolid  de  Yucatan.  Pop.  about  750,000. 

Z. 

ZACATECAS,  intendency,  Mexico,  bound, 
ed  N.  by  Durango,  E.  by  San  Luis  Potosi,  S. 
by  Guanaxato,  and  W.  by  Guadalaxara.  It 
contains  an  area  of  18,000  sq.  ms.  and  about 
160,000  inhabitants. 

ZACATECAS,  t.  Mexico,  cap.  of  the  above, 
one  of  the  most  celebrated  mining  places  of 
New  Spain,  300  m.  NNW.  from  Mexico,  Pop. 
35,000.  Lat.  23°  N. 

ZACATULA,  or  Sacatula,  t.  Mexico,  on  a 
river  of  the  same  name,  near  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  95  m.  S.  from  Mechoacan.  Lon.  103° 
W. ;  lat.  18°  35'  N. 

ZACHEO,  or  Desechio,  isl.  in  the  W.  In. 
dies,  between  Hispaniola  and  Porto  Rico,  27 
m.  NE.  from  Mona. 

ZANE,  t.  Logan  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  608. 

ZANESFIELD,  v.  Logan  co.  Ohio. 

ZANESVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice  for 
Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  80  m.  W.  from  Wheel- 
ing,  Va.  336  from  W.  Lat  40°  N. ;  Ion.  5° 
2'  W.  Pop.  3,094.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
and  public  offices;  20  or  30  stores,  several 
glass-houses,  and  2  printing-offices.  Zanes- 
ville  stands  on  the  E.  bank  of  Muskingum 
river,  immediately  adjoining  the  Falls,  on 
which  are  erected  a  large  number  of  mills, 
among  which  are  several  flouring  and  saw 
mills,  an  oil-mill,  a  rolling-mill,  a  nail  machine, 
and  woollen  factory.  Across  the  river,  ad 
joining  the  town,  are  built  two  bridges  within 
half  a  mile  of  each  other,  the  lower  connect 
ing  this  town  with  Putnam. 


APPENDIX. 


STATISTICAL  TABLES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


I.— IMPORTS,  EXPORTS,  AND  TONNAGE 

Of  each  State  and  Territory:  the  Imports  and  Exports  during  the  Year  ending  Sep 
tember  30, 1829;  and  the  Tonnage  reckoned  on  the  31s«  of  December,  1828. 


States  and  Terri 
tories. 

Value  of  Im 
port*. 

Value  of  Exports. 

Total  Value 
of  Domestic 
and  Foreign 
Produce. 

Tons  and 
SSthi. 

Domestic 
Produce. 

Foreign 
Produce. 

Maine  .     .     . 

$  742,781 

$  729,106 

$  8,726 

$  737,832 

232,939  37 

N.  Hampshire 

179,889 

98,264 

7,476 

105,740 

26,253  18 

Vermont   .     . 

205,392 

808,079 

g 

808,079 

764  61 

Massachusetts 

12,520,744 

3,949,751 

4,305,186 

8,254,937 

424,511  99 

Rhode  Island 

423,811 

337,468 

52,913 

390,381 

43,406  61 

Connecticut  . 

309,538 

450,9a5 

6,895 

457,970 

60,859  57 

New  York 

34,743,307 

12,036,561 

8,082,450 

20,119,011 

355,534  55 

New  Jersey  . 

786,247 

8,022 

.      . 

8,022 

(48,772  19 

Pennsylvania 

10,100,152 

2,617,152 

1,472,873 

4,089,935 

104,114  43 

Delaware  .    . 

24,179 

7,195 

. 

7,195 

13,213  41 

Maryland  .     . 

4,804,135 

3,662,273 

1,142,192 

4,804,465 

170,947  71 

Columbia  Dist 

205,921 

914,285 

13,812 

928,097 

23,232  72 

Virginia    .     . 

395,352 

3,783,493 

3,938 

3,787,431 

67,302  10 

North  Carolina 

283,347 

564,506 

.      . 

564,506 

54,094  45 

South  Carolina 

1,139,618 

8,134,676 

40,910 

8,175,586 

33,688  73 

Georgia     .    . 

380,293 

4,980,642 

734 

4,981,376 

13,959  24 

Alabama   .     . 

233,720 

1,679,385 

14,573 

1,693,958 

10,473  02 

Louisiana  .    . 

6,857,209 

10,898,183 

1,487,877 

12,386,060 

51,903  83 

Ohio     .    „    . 

293 

2,004 

. 

2,004 

2,388  85 

Michigan  Ter. 

2,957 

470  93 

Florida      .     . 

153,642 

38,163 

17,923 

56,086 

2,781  91 

Total     .    . 

74,492,527 

55,700,193 

16,658,478 

72,358,671 

1,741,391 

II.— Compensation  to  Officers  of  the  Army,  including  Pay,  Subsistence,  Forage  Fuel, 
Quarters,  and  Expense  for  Servants. 


Major  General  .    . 

Per  month. 

544,58f 

Per  ann. 

6,535,00 

Maj.  of  Staff 

Permont 

176,49^ 

i. 

Per  ann. 

2,117,92 

Brigadier  General 

370,12| 

4,441,50 

Major  .    .    . 

182,83J 

2,194,00 

Adjutant  General  . 

269,54 

3,234,48 

Surgeon   .     . 

125,83J 

1,510,00 

Inspector  General  . 

233,04 

2,796,48 

Ass't  Surgeon 

102,37; 

1,228,50 

Com'y  Gen.  of  Sub. 

261,54 

3,138,48 

Capt  of  Ord. 

142,87i 

1,714,50 

Col.  of  Ordnance  . 

261,54 

3,138,48 

Captain     .     . 

132,87i 

1,594,50 

Lieut.  Col.  of  Ord. 

220,00 

2,640,00 

Lieut,  of  Ord. 

115,89i 

1,390,74 

Colonel    .... 

246,54 

2,958,48 

1st  Lieutenant 

112,56j 

1,350,75 

Lieut.  Colonel  .    . 

205,00 

2,460,00 

2d  Lieutenant 

107,5$ 

1,290,75 

448 


APPENDIX. 
III.—  INSPECTIONS  OF  FLOUR. 


Inspections  of  Wheat  and  Rye  Flour  and  Corn  Meal  in  the  principal  Ports  of  the 
United  States,  for  the  year  ending  September  30,  1830  ;  also  the  amount  for  the 
preceding  nine  years. 


Places. 

Wheat  Flour. 

Rye  Flour. 

Corn  J 

leal. 

Albany,  New  York  .     .    . 
New  York 

Barrels. 

43,215 
827,370 

Barrels. 

15191 

Hhds. 

10,316 

Barrels. 

9663 

473,876 

21,712 

7,498 

19,949 

Baltimore    

597,804 

4,436 

558 

5,458 

Georgetown,  D.  C.    .     .     . 
Alexandria,  D.  C.      ... 
Fredericksburg,  Va.  .    .    . 
Falmouth,  Va  

139,713 

187,432 
79,336 
46,406 

*1 

Richmond,  Va.      .... 
Petersburg}!,  &c  
New  Orleans,  

251,024 
72,000 
133,700 

.    . 

. 

Total,     1830    .... 
1829    .... 
1828    .... 
1827    .... 
1826    .... 
1825    .... 
1824    .... 
1823    .... 
1822    .... 
1821    .... 

2,851,876 
2,255,132 
2,245,257 
2,061,459 
2,031,558 
1,882,611 
1,714,410 
1,557,724 
1,599,973 
1,707,350 

41,351 
77,945 
55,239 
34,487 

27,282 
57,419 
68,380 
75,620 
59,363 
43,976 

18,372 
17,891 
19,178 
16,869 
18,619 
14,781 
17,192 
14,705 
15,157 
17,449 

35,070 
51,666 
78,958 
51,192 
36,979 
51,297 
70,415 
36,863 
32,274 
40,693 

IV. — Table  showing  the  whole  Quantity  of  Land  in  those  States  and  Territories  in 
which  Public  Land  is  situated ;  the  Quantity  of  Public  Land  to  which  the  Indian 
title  had  been  extinguished  June  30,  1828  ;  and  the  Quantity  to  which  it  had  not 
been  extinguished  June  30,  1828. 


ij       State  or  Territory. 

Whole    quan 
tity  of  land  in 
each    State     or 
Territory. 

Quantity    of 
land     belonging 
to  the  U.  States, 
to  which  the  In 

Quantity    of 
land     belonging 
to  the  U.  States, 
to  which  the  In 

ACRES. 

dian  title  is  ex 
tinguished. 

dian  title  is  not 
extinguished. 

26,432.000 

3,000,000 

Mississippi  

31,074,234 

11,514,517 

16,885,760 

Indiana            ...... 

22,459  669 

12,308,455 

5,335  632 

Ohio  

24,810,246 

4,984,348 

409,501 

Louisiana   ....... 

31,463,040 

25,364,197 

none 

Illinois                                    • 

35  941  902 

23  575  300 

6424640 

Michigan  Territory  (peninsular) 

24,939,870 
28,899,520 

16,393,420 
26,770,941 

7,378,400 
none 

39,119,019 

35,263,541 

none 

Florida  Territory      .... 
Alabama     

35,286,760 
34,001,226 

29,728,300 
19,769,679 

4,032,640 
9,519,066 

Territory  of  Huron  lying  west 
of  lake  Michigan  and  east  of 
the  Mississippi  river  .    '.  '  .' 
Great  Western  Territory,  ex 
tending  from  the  Mississippi 
river  to  the  Pacific  ocean   . 

334,627,486 
56,804,854 
750,000,000 

205,672,698 

49,985,639 
56,804^34 
750,000,000 

Add  quantity  to  which  the  In 
dian  title  is  extinguished    . 

1,140,432,330 

856,790,473 
205,672,698 

Total  acres  belonging  to   the 
United  States  . 

1.062,463,171 

APPENDIX.  449 

V.— PUBLIC  DEBT. 

TABLE  showing  the  amount  of  the  Public  Debt  of  the  United  States,  at  several  periods, 
from  1791  to  1830,  reckoned  on  the  1st  of  January  of  the  different  years.  [Partly 
from  Niles's  Register.] 


1791 
1796 

$  75,169,974 
81,642,272 

There  was  some  increase  of  the  Debt  in  each  of  these  six  years,  ex 
cept  1794,  in  which  there  was  a  reduction  of  it. 

1799 
1801 

77,399,909 
82,000,167 

The  Debt  was  increased  in  consequence  of  the  military  preparations 
against  France,  before  the  year  1801,  when  Mr.  Jefferson's  administra 

1803 

74,731,922 

tion  commenced. 

1804 
1809 

a5,353,643 
56,732,379 

The  Debt  was  increased  by  the  purchase  of  Louisiana,  in  1803,  for  the 
sum  of  $15,000,000.  Mr.  Jefferson's  administration  ended  March  3,  1809. 

1810 

53,156,532 

The  Debt  was  at  its  lowest  amount  in  1812,  in  Mr.  Madison's  admin 

1812 

45,035,123 

istration,  and  before  the  war. 

1813 
1816 

55,907,452 
123,016,375 

The  Debt  greatly  augmented  by  the  war  .-—highest  amount  in  1816. 

1817 

115,807,805 

Mr.  Monroe's  administration.    Rapid  reduction  of  the  Debt  since 

1820 

91,015,566 

1816,  the  receipts  from  the  customs,  &.c.  being  large. 

1821 

89,987,427 

1822 

93,546,676 

The  Debt  increased  in  consequence  of  the  purchase  of  Florida,  in 

1823 
1824 

90,375,877 
90,269,777 

1821,  for  the  sum  of  $5,000,000;  and  a  diminution  in  the  receipts  from 
the  customs,  &c.  in  the  years  1820,  1821,  &c.   Mr.  Monroe's  administra 
tion  ended  in  1825. 

1825 

83,788,432 

1826 

81,054,059 

1827 

73,987,357 

Mr.  Adams's  administration  commenced  on  the  4th  of  March,  1825, 

1828 

67,475,622 

and  ended  on  the  3d  of  March,  1829. 

1829 

58,362,135 

1830 

48,565,405 

General  Andrew  Jackson's  administration  began  March  4th,  1829. 

1831 

1832 

24,322,235 

VI.— SLAVES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
Number  of  Slaves  in  the  United  States,  according-  to  Five  Official  Enumerations* 


Slaves, 

Slaves, 

Slaves, 

Slaves, 

Slaves, 

1790. 

1800. 

1810. 

1820. 

1830. 

-    -    0 

-    .     0 

-    -       0 

.    -    .  0 

o 

New  Hampshire    - 

-      158 

•    -    8 

...  o 

...  0 

...  0 

Vermont  .... 

-    -  16 

-    -    0 

...  o 

...  0 

...  0 

Massachusetts  -    - 

-    -    0 

-    -    0 

...  0 

...  o 

...  0 

Rhode  Island    -    - 

-      948 

-      380 

,    -    108 

.    .     48 

.    -     14 

Connecticut  ... 

-  2,764 

-      951 

-    .    310 

-    -     97 

-    -     23 

New  York   -    -    - 

21,324 

20,613 

-    15,017 

.    10,088 

.    -     46 

New  Jersey  ... 

11,423 

12,422 

-    10,851 

-      7,557 

-      2,246 

Pennsylvania     -    - 

-  3,737 

-   1,706 

-    -    795 

-    -    211 

.    -386 

Delaware      ... 

-   8,887 

-   6,153 

-      4,177 

-      4,509 

-      3,305 

Maryland      ... 

103,036 

108,554 

-  111,502 

.  107,398 

-  102,878 

Virginia  .... 

292,627 

346,968 

.  392,518 

.  425,153 

.  469,724 

North  Carolina  -    - 

100,572 

133,296 

-  168,824 

.  205,017 

-  246,462 

South  Carolina  -    - 

107,094 

146,151 

-  196,365 

-  258,475 

-  315,665 

Georgia   .... 

29,264 

59,699 

-  105,218 

-  149,656 

-  217,470 

Alabama  .... 
Mississippi    ... 

!•- 

-  3,489 

-    17,088 

5    41,879 
)    32,814 

-  117,294 
-    65,659 

T        11 

-    34  660 

-    69  064 

-  109  631 

13584 

.    44535 

.    80  107 

-  142382 

Kentucky     ... 

12,430 

40,343 

-    80,561 

-  126,732 

.  165,350 

Ohio 

Q  417 

Q 

.    -  0 

...  o 

135 

-    .    237 

.    -    190 

...  0 

168 

917 

-    -    746 

3011 

-    10  222 

-    24  990 

District  of  Columbia 

5*395 

6377 

-      6050 

.    -     24 

...  0 

-    -     27 

1  617 

-      4578 

Florida  Territory  - 

-    15,510 

Total    - 

697,697 

896,849 

1,191,364 

1,538,064 

2,010,436 

3G 


450 


APPENDIX, 


m— NUMBER  OF  PERSONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  100  YEARS  OLD. 

TABLE  showing  the  number  of  Persons  of  the  several  classes,  who  were  One  Hundred 

Years  old  and  upwards,  according  to  the  Census  of  1830. 


States  and 
Territories. 

White 
Males. 

White 
Females. 

Sla 
Males. 

yes. 
Females. 

Free! 

Males. 

(lacks.      1  ~  . 
Females.!   TotaL 

Maine     .     .     . 

1 

3 

. 

. 

1 

, 

5 

New  Hampshire 

3 

6 

. 

. 

1 

5 

15 

Vermont      .    . 

3 

5 

. 

. 

2 

4 

14 

Massachusetts  . 

1 

2 

, 

, 

5 

4 

12 

Rhode  Island    . 

, 

, 

t 

t 

3 

3 

6 

Connecticut     . 

4 

3 

. 

2 

11 

20 

New  York  .    . 

35 

18 

2 

2 

22 

51 

130 

New  Jersey     . 

1 

2 

2 

. 

4 

5 

14 

Pennsylvania   . 

37 

20 

1 

9 

30 

33 

130 

Delaware    .    . 

. 

1 

3 

3 

13 

18 

38 

Maryland     .    . 

7 

17 

50 

53 

49 

86 

262 

Virginia  .    .    . 

23 

26 

122 

143 

143 

22 

479 

North  Carolina 

23 

26 

92 

114 

22 

27 

304 

South  Carolina 

14 

19 

98 

84 

19 

16 

240 

Georgia  .    .     . 

13 

22 

106 

78 

11 

6 

236 

Alabama      .    . 

15 

10 

30 

25 

1 

6 

87 

Mississippi  .    . 

. 

2 

23 

21 

1 

, 

47 

Louisiana     .    . 

9 

1 

37 

39 

11 

28 

125 

Tennessee  .    . 

39 

27 

59 

34 

7 

6 

172 

Kentucky    .    . 

27 

11 

45 

49 

17 

17 

166 

Ohio  .... 

21 

8 

, 

8 

5 

42 

Indiana  .    .    . 

10 

2 

. 

t 

2 

5 

19 

Illinois    .    .    . 

4 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

12 

Missouri      .    . 

2 

2 

41 

2 

2 

2 

51 

Columbia,  Dist. 

2 

. 

3 

2 

3 

8 

18 

Florida,  Ter.   . 

1 

t 

§ 

. 

1 

> 

2 

Michigan,  do.   . 

1 

, 

, 

f 

. 

t 

1 

Arkansas,  do.   . 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

7 

Total  .     .     . 

297 

234 

717 

662 

382 

359 

2,654 

By  this  Table  it  will  be  seen  that  the  proportion  of  "Slacks  of  100  years  old  and  up 
wards  greatly  exceeds  that  of  the  Whites ;  but  it  ihay  be  remarked  that  the  ages  of 
the  Blacks  are  not  generally  so  well  known  as  those  of  the  Whites ;  and  that,  there 
fore,  the  accuracy  of  the  Census,  as  it  respects  the  ages  of  this  class,  is  less  to  be 
relied  on. 

.— RELIGIOUS  DENOMINATIONS. 


Denominations. 

Minis 
ters. 

Ch.  or 
Cong. 

Commu 
nicants. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Calvinistic  Baptists    
Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
Presbyterians,  General  Assembly 
Congregationalists,  Orthodox 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church      - 

2,914 
1,777 
1,801 
1,000 
558 
150 

205 
200 
84 

160 
350 
300 
159 
200 
74 
50 

4a 

30 
30 
25 
23 
45 
30 
15 

4,384 

2,253 
1,270 
700 
300 

1,200 
800 
400 
400 
193 

400 
194 

144 
75 

40 

40 
30 
23 
15 

28 

150 

304,827 
476,000 
182,017 
140,000 

44,000 
25,000 
17,408 

35,000 
16,000 
17,888 
30,000 
15,000 
8,000 
3.000 
3,500 
2,000 
1,800 
2,000 

600 

2,743.453 
2,600,000 
1,800,000 
1,260,000 
600,000 
500,000 
500,000 
400,000 
275,000 
200,000 
200,000 
176,000 
175,000 
150,000 
125,000 
120,000 
100,000 
100,000 
30,000 
30,000 
20,000 
20,000 
7,000 
6,000 
5,000 
4,500 
50,000 

Roman  Catholics        

ijUtnerans 

German  Reformed      

Unitarians,  Congregationalists  • 
Associate  and  other  Methodists 

ijutcn  K  stormed 

Associate  Presbyterians 
Cumberland  Presbyterians 

Free  Communion  Baptists 
Seventh-day  Baptists 
Six-Principle  Baptists 
United  Brethren,  or  Moravians 
Millennia.  Church,  or  Shakers           • 
New  Jerusalem  Church 
Emancipators,  Baptists       •       •       •      .  • 
Jews,  and  others  not  mentioned 

APPENDIX.  451 

IX.— PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTORS. 

The  following  Table  shows  the  number  of  Members  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
and  Electors  of  President,  to  which  each  State  is  entitled  under  the  new  apportion 
ment  ;  also,  the  number  of  Electors  at  the  last  election ;  the  States  being  arranged 
according  to  representative  population. 


States. 

Reps. 

Electors, 
1832. 

Electors, 

1828. 

1  New  York*  .... 

40 

28 
21 
19 
13 
13 
13 
12 
9 
9 
8 
8 
7 
6 
6 
5 
5 
5 
3 
3 
2 
2 
2 
1 

42 
30 
23 
21 
15 
15 
15 
14 
11 
11 
10 
10 
9 
8 
8 
7 
7 
7 
5 
5 
4 
4 
4 
3 

36 
28 
24 
16 
15 
14 
11 
15 
11 
9 
11 
9 
5 
8 
8 
7 
8 
5 
5 
3 
4 
3 
3 
3 

3  Virginia*  

4  Ohio*  

5  North  Carolina*  

6  Kentucky*  

9  South  Carolina!  

10  Georgia*  

11  Maryland!  

12  Maine*  

14  New  Jersey*  

16  Vermont*  

17  New  Hampshire* 

18  Alabama*  

19  Louisiana*  

20  Illinois*  

21  Rhode  Island*  

22  Missouri*    

23  Mississippi*  

24  Delaware*  

Total  

240 

288 

261 

*  Electors  chosen  by  the  people  by  general  ticket, 
t    do.                          do.               by  districts. 
J  Electors  appointed  by  the  Legislature;  South  Carolina  being  the 
only  State  where  they  are  not  chosen  by  the  people. 
Required  number  to  constitute  an  election  by  the  people,  145. 

X.— BRITISH  SLAVE  COLONIES  IN  THE  WEST  INDIES,  &c. 


Chartered  Colonies. 

Whites. 

Slaves. 

Free 
Blacks. 

_ 
Governors. 

Jamaica  
Bar  badoes       

15,000 
15.000 
2,000 
800 
1,300 
1,800 
800 
860 
800 
350 
500 
4,000 
5,500 

13,500 
1,100 
300 
3,000 
600 

43,000 
8.000 

331,000 
81,000 
30,000 
24,500 
23,500 
19,500 
9,000 
5,400 
14,500 
12,700 
6,000 
9,500 
4,050 

23..000 
13,500 
2,450 
70,000 
21,000 

35,000 
76,000 

40,000 
5,000 
4,500 
3,700 
2,900 
2,500 
1,800 
607 
3,600 
1,200 
700 
2,800 
500 

16,000 
4,000 
2,800 
6,000 
1,000 

29,000 
15,100 

Earl  of  Belmont. 
Sir  James  Lyon. 
Sir  Patrick  Ross. 
Sir  James  Campbell. 
Sir  George  F.  Hill. 
William  Nicolay. 
William  Boothby,  Lieut.  On. 
James  Bathurst,  Lieut.  Oov. 

Nathaniel  Blackwell. 
Sir  P.  Steward,  Lieut.  Oov. 
Sir  James  Carm.  Smyth. 
Stephen  R.  Chapman. 

Leww  Grant. 

Sir  Benjamin  D'Urban. 
Henry  Beard,  Lieut.  Gm. 

Sir  G.  Lowry  Cole. 
Sir  Charles  Colville. 

St  Christopher's   

Ye  vis    

Crown  Colonies. 
Trinidad  

St  Lucia  

Demerara  and  Essequibo  
Berbice  

jSfrica. 

3ape  of  Good  Hope  

108,150 

812,700 

143,707 

XL— BRITISH  NORTH  AMERICAN  COLONIES. 


Provinces. 

Population. 

Governors. 

Lower  Canada.  .  . 
Upper  Canada  .  .  . 
Nova  Scotia  
New  Brunswick.. 
Newfoundland  Isl 
Prince  Edward  Isl 

1831)  
1829)  
1827)  

1824) 

511,919 

220,897 
123,848 
74,191 
80,000 
24,000 

Lord  Aylnier,  Governor  General. 
Sir  John  Colborne,  Lieutenant  Governor. 
Sir  Peregrine  Maitland,  Lieutenant  Governor. 
Sir  Archibald  Campbell,  Lieutenant  Governor. 
Sir  Thomas  J.  Cochrane.  Governor. 
Sir  Murray  Maxwell,  Lieutenant  Governor. 

and  

452 


APPENDIX. 


XII. — STATEMENT  showing  the  Names  and  Numbers  of  the  different  Tribes  of  Indians 
now  remaining'  within  the  limits  of  the  several  States  and  Territories,  and  the 
quantity  of  Land  claimed  by  them  respectively. 


TRIBES. 

Number 
of  each 
Tribe. 

Number  of 
Acres  claimed 
bv  each  Tribe. 

TRIBES. 

Number 
of  each 
Tribe. 

Number  of 
Acres  claimed 
by  each  Tribe. 

Maine. 
St.  John's  Indians    . 
Passamaquoddies 
Penobscots     .    .    . 

300 
379 

277 

100 
92,160 

Indiana  and  Illinois. 
Pottawatamies    and 
Chippewas  .     .     . 

3,900 

Massachusetts. 
Marshpee  .         .    . 
Herring  Pond     .     . 
Martha's  Vineyard  . 
Troy     .    .    .    ,    . 

956 

320 
40 
340 
50 

92,260 

Georgia  &  Alabama. 
Creeks  .    .    . 

Georgia,  Alabama,  & 
Tennessee. 

20,000 

9,537,920 

i 
Alabama,  j 

Rhode  Island. 
Narragansett  .    .    . 

Connecticut. 
Mohegan   .     ,    «    . 
Stonington      ,    .    . 
Groton  

750 
420 

300 
50 
50 

3,000 

4,000 
300 

Cherokees      .    .    . 

Mississippi  and 
Alabama. 
Choctaws  .... 

9,000 
21,000 

7,272,576 

Tennessee. 
1,055,060 

New  York. 
Senecas     . 
Tuscaroras 
Oneidas 
Onondagas 
Cayugas     . 
Stockbridge 
Brotherton 
St.  Regis  Indians 

400 

2,325 
253 
1,096 
446 
90 
273 
360 
300 

4,300 
246,675 

Mississippi. 

Chickasaws    .     .    . 

Florida  Territory. 
Seminoles  and  Others. 

Louisiana. 
Billoxie      . 
Apolashe    . 
Pascagoula 

ArMaocs 

3,625 
5,000 

!S 

111 

97 

15,705,000 
4,032,640 

Virginia. 
Nottaways      .    .    . 

South  Carolina. 
Catawbas  .... 

Ohio. 

Wyandotts 
Shawanees 

5,143 

47 

450 

542 

800 

246,675 
27,000 

144,000 

163,840 
117,615 

Yaltasse     . 
Coshattees 
Caddow     . 
Delawares 
Choctaws  . 
Shawanees 
Natchitoches 
Quapaws  . 
Piankeshaws 

36 
180 
450 
51 
178 
110 
25 
8 
27 

Senecas,     . 
Delawares 
Ottowas     . 

551 

80 
377 

55,505 
5,760 
50,581 

Missouri. 
Delawares 

1,313 
1,800 

21,120 

Michigan  Territory. 

Wyandscotts  .     .     . 
Pottawatamies    .     . 

2,350 

7 
136 

393,301 

) 

Kickapoos  . 
Shawanees 
Weas    .     . 
Ihoways 

2,200 
1,383 
327 
1,100 

9,600 
14,086 

Chippewas  &  Ottawas 
Menomeenees     ."'V 
Winnebagoes      .    . 

18,473 
3,900 
5,800 

[7,057,920 

Missouri  and  Arkan 
sas  Territory. 

ci                        * 

5,810 

44,806 

Indiana. 

28,316 

7,057,920 

Usages  
Piankeshaws  .     .    . 

5,200 
207 

3,491,840 

Miami  and  Eel  River 
Indians  .    .    ,    , 

Illinois. 
Menomeenees     ,    r 
Kaskaskias     .    .    . 

1,073 

270 
36 

10,104,000 
[  5,314,560 

Arkansas  Territory, 
Cherokees      .     .     . 
Quapaws  .... 
Choctaws  .... 

5,407 

6,000 
700 

3,491,840 
4,000,000 

8,858,560 

Sauks  and  Foxes     . 

6,400 

) 

6,700 

12,858,560 

6,706 

5,314,560 

""Total    .... 

.29,266 

77,402,318 

APPENDIX. 


453 


XIIL—  COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1830. 

Commerce  of  the  United  States,  exhibiting  the  Value  of  every  description  of  Im 
ports  from,  and  Exports  to,  each  Foreign  Country,  during  the  year  ending 
30th  September,  1830. 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 

COUNTRIES. 

COMMERCE. 

Value  of 
Imports. 

Value  of  Export.. 

Dome*!  ic 
produce. 

Foreign 
produce. 

Total. 

Russia  

1,621,899 
16,605 
1,168,110 
230,530 
5,384 
1,665,834 
888,408 
181,848 
286,509 
22,755,040 
1,382,841 
381,333 
90,028 
1,373,297 
168,579 

65~0,303 
2,300 
1,263 

1,873,278 
6,831,015 
891,183 

518,687 

461,267 
543,271 

99,878 
384,887 
5,577,230 
1,307,148 
165,321 
239,652 
32,912 
33,758 
940,254 
3,740 
132,093 

417,392 
1,597,140 
5,235,241 
302,833 
1,120,095 
1,472 
2,491,460 
1,431,883 

182,585 

972,884 
40,269 
3,878,141 
98,451 
7,386 

394 
172,861 

20,748 

35,461 
16,501 
181,353 
552,700 
76,292 
1,688,022 
3,354,551 
63,273 
319,495 
23,773,020 
1,465,211 
261,687 
513,248 
93,731 
140 

3,650,031 

1,549,732 
9,183,894 
717,252 
792,241 
5,931 
538,956 
145,556 
19,040 
39,129 
3,439,060 
245,636 
43,408 
155,719 
6,649 
50,560 
326,239 

300,8*59 

75,801 
714,791 
985,764 
138,456 
316,732 
25,132 
1,600,999 
425,220 

915,718 
32,400 
9,190 
156,290 
56,318 
242,114 

16,090 
96,867 

21,178 
28,392 

381,114 

189,949 
37,727 
29,048 
220,723 
675,527 
107,293 
42,298 
826,946 
2,488 

370,150 
553,126 
1,761 

136,342 

725,148 
661,925 
430,888 
13,528 
579 
61,327 

610 
54,539 
1,477,675 
27,523 
1,803 
12,358 
1,524 
7,778 
414,121 

293,261 

337,539 

108,387 
3,851,694 
111,662 
180,258 
5,432 
242,239 
204,667 

620,396 
39,402 
170 
585,903 
229,290 
5,010 

22,653 
52,236 

6,7~64 
24,698 

416,575 
16,501 
371,302 
590,427 
105,340 
1,908,745 
4,030,078 
170,566 
361,793 
24,599,966 
1,467,699 
261,687 
883,398 
646,857 
1,901 

3,786,373 

2,274,880 
9,845,819 
1,148,140 
805,769 
6,510 
600,283 
145,556 
19,650 
93,668 
4,916,735 
273,159 
45,211 
168,077 
8,173 
58,338 
740,360 

594,120 

413,340 
823,178 

4,837,458 
250,118 
496,990 
30,564 
1,843.238 
629,887 

I,536,l"l4 
71,802 
9,360 
742,193 
285,608 
247,124 

38,743 
149,103 

27,942 
53,090 

Swedish  West  Indies  

Danish  West  Indies  

Netherlands  . 

Dutch  East  Indies  

Dutch  West  Indies  

Scotland  

Ireland                    .  .        .    •         • 

Gibraltar  

British  East  Indies  

British  West  Indies  

Newfoundland  

Other  British  Colonies  

Hanse  Towns  

France  on  the  Atlantic  •  •  • 

France  on  the  Mediterranean  

French  W^est  Indies   

Spain  on  the  Atlantic  ....    

Teneriffe,  and  other  Canaries  
Manilla,  and  Philippine  islands  .... 
Cuba  

Other  Spanish  W^est  Indies     ..... 

Madeira  •  .    .  •  ... 

Cape  de  Verd  Islands   

Italy 

Sicily  

Trieste,  and  other  Adriatic  ports.  .  . 
Rag-usa,  and  the  Seven  Islands  .... 
Turkey  &c  

Hay  ti  

Central  Republic    

Brazil 

Chili  

Peru        .          

South  America,  generally  
China   

W^est  Indies  generally  

East  Indies  generally  

Africa  generally  

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

South  Seas  

Northwest  coast  of  America  

Total.... 

70,876,920 

59,462,029    14,387,479 

73,849,508 

454 


APPENDIX. 


XIV.— COMMERCE  OF  EACH  STATE  AND  TERRITORY. 


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APPENDIX. 


455 


XV.—  NAVIGATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1830. 

NAVIGATION.—  A  Statement  of  the  Tonnage  of  American  and  Foreign  Ves 
sels  arriving  from,  and  departing  to,  each  Foreign  Country,  during  the  year 
ending  3Qth  September,  1830. 

1 
2 
3 

4 
5 
6 

7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 

COUNTRIES.         '       ^ 

American  Tonnage. 

Forcliu  1 

onn«|f. 
Departed  from  the 
Ci.>ud  Slate.. 

United  States. 

United  Statea. 

United  State*. 

Russia  

13,681 
372 
15,144 
10,406 
877 
38,767 
42,998 
662 
12,047 
199,972 
5,784 
5,494 
3,346 
4,806 
22,428 
452 
130,527 

396 
17,259 

79,459 
15,406 
25,928 

16,288 
10,920 
1,762 
2,774 
97,644 
19,031 
12,287 
3,212 
634 
1,253 
5,062 
1,697 
4,332 
345 
3,668 
18,513 
22,062 
4,560 
13,514 
68 
38,005 
6,584 
236 
304 
3,276 
394 
8,598 
1,679 
2,288 

"l,904 
2,730 

15,392 

3,492 
232 
3,502 
19,960 
1,923 
52,535 
35,220 
1,501 
11,043 
192,714 
6,913 
4,594 
13,450 
4,029 
2,395 
1,523 
117,171 
510 

14,728 
82,521 
18,967 
47,129 
106 
9,387 
3,017 
796 
458 
114,054 
8,734 
2,243 
6,080 
244 
2,628 
6,626 
135 
4,662 

"2,887 
19,395 
27,295 
3,044 
5,955 
1,042 
44,450 
9,565 
1,373 
2,287 
732 
679 
3,501 
3,697 
7,417 
424 
911 
2,560 
580 
28,222 
522 
971,760 

264 

2,935 
965 

e'oo 

793 

2~48 
61,355 
12,560 
6,949 

275 
*4,002 

*8,4*88 
4,061 
205 
5,945 

122 
12,954 
625 

114 
137 

"l,633 
4,362 

"l,0*76 

2*48 
225 

*   141 

618 

131,901) 

264 

2,023 
984 

849 
4,515 
220 
124 
58,589 
7,707 
2,570 

14,267 

10,262 
6,014 
1,074 
4,325 

11,356 

489 
184 

137 
"   418 
282 

1,748 
3,551 

62 

601 
116 

*   155 
*  2*60 
"  2*90 

Swedish  West  Indies  

Danish  West  Indies  

Netherlands         

Dutch  East  Indies            .    .    .  .    .  . 

British  East  Indies  ..    •  

British  \Vest  Indies           •  t 

British  American  Colonies  ....... 

Other  British  Colonies  

France  on  the  Atlantic  

Spain  on  the  Mediterranean  

Manilla,  and  Philippine  islands  .... 
Cuba  

Other  Spanish  West  Indies  

Cape  de  Verd  Islands  

Italy  

Sicily  

Trieste,  and  other  Adriatic  ports.  .  . 
Ragusa,  and  the  Seven  Islands  .... 

Hay  ti  

Central  Republic  

Colombia                   ...          .       • 

Brazil                      

Cisplatine  Republic  

Chili  

Peru        ,  

South  America,  generally  

China  

\Vest  Indies  generally  .  .  • 

South  Seas  

Northwest  coast  of  America  
Total..., 

133,436 

456 


APPENDIX. 


XVI—  DIFFERENT  CLASSES  OF  INHABITANTS, 

As  ascertained  by  the  Census  of  the  United  States  for  1830. 

WHITES. 
Under  5  years  of  Age 
Of  5  and  under  10 
10                    15 
15                    20 
20                    30 
30                   40 
40                   50 
50                    60 
60                    70 
70                    80 
«     80                    90 
90                  100 
100  and  upwards 
Total 

Deaf  &  Dumb..  5,325 
Blind              .    .3,968 

Males. 
972,801 
781,906 
669,617 
573,081 
956,296 
592,401 
367,7tU 
229,248 
135,063 
57,760 
15,802 
2,041 
301 

Females. 
596,130 
921,759 
750,602 
638,756 
918,229 
555.419 
355,979 
223,477 
131,284 
58,327 
17,432 
2,522 
238 

FREE  BLACKS. 
Under  10  years  of  Age 
Of    10  and  under  24 
«     24         "         36 
••     36         "         55 
«     55         «'        100 
"    100  and  upwards 
Total 

Males. 
48,656 
43,075 
27,659 
22,267 
11,507 
279 

Females. 
47,324 
48,131 
32,545 
24,323 
13,423 
387 

153,443 

166,133 

SLAVES. 
Under  10  years  of  Ag 
Of     10  and  under! 

•«    24      ••      : 

••      36         ••         i 
"      55         "       1( 
"    100  and  upwar 
Tot 

Deaf  &  Dumb  .  .  750 
Blind                1  463 

M 
K 

>5 
)0 

3s 
-il 
T 

I 
< 
g 

1 

Males. 
353,498 
312,567 
185,585 
118,880 
41,545 
747 

Females. 
347,668 
308,770 
185,784 
111,889 
41,437 
680 

5,354,078 

The  Deaf  t 
arid  Blmd- 
sons  are  n 
into  Sexes 

e  Populati 
Blacks 

5,170,154 

nd  Dumb 
White  per- 
ot  divided 

GENERAL 
yn. 

1,012,822       996,228 
lie  Colored    Deaf  and 
)umb,  and  Blind  are  not 
ivided  into  Free  and 
Slaves. 

3,524,232 
319,576 
J.009.050 

Aliens  106,764 

Total  Whil 
Do.  Free 
Do.  Slavt 
Total  Popu 

ABSTRACT. 

c 

lation  of  the  United  States  

.12,852,858 

XVII.— LENGTHS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  RIVERS  IN  THE  U.  STATES. 

Miles, 
Missouri  and  Mississippi 4490 

Do.  to  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi 3181 

Mississippi  proper,  to  its  junction  with  the  Missouri 1600 

Do.  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 2910 

Arkansas  River,  a  branch  of  the  Mississippi 2170 

St.  Lawrence  River,  including  the  Lakes 2075 

Platte  River,  a  branch  of  the  Missouri 1600 

Red  River,  a  branch  of  the  Mississippi 1500 

Ohio  River, Do Do .1372 

Columbia  River,  empties  into  the  Pacific  Ocean 1315 

Kanzas  River,  a  branch  of  the  Missouri 1200 

Yellow-stone, Do Do 1100 

Tennessee  River,  a  branch  of  the  Ohio 756 

Alabama  River,  empties  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 575 

Cumberland  River,  a  branch  of  the  Ohio 570 

Susquehannah  River,  empties  into  Chesapeake  Bay 460 

Illinois  River,  a  branch  of  the  Mississippi 430 

Apalachicola  River,  empties  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 425 

St.  John's  River,  New  Brunswick,  rises  in  Maine  415 

Connecticut  River,  empties  into  Long  Island  Sound 410 

Wabash  River,  a  branch  of  the  Ohio 360 

Delaware  River,  empties  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean 355 

James  River,  empties  into  Chesapeake  Bay 350 

Roanoke  River,  empties  into  Albemarle  Sound 350 

Great  Pedee  River,  empties  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean 350 

Santee  River, Do Do .' 340 

Potomac  River,  empties  into  Chesapeake  Bay 335 

Hudson  River,  empties  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean 320 

Altamaha  River, Do Do 300 

Savannah  River, Do. Do , . ,  ,290 


APPENDIX.  457 

XVIIL— HEIGHTS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  MOUNTAINS  AND  HILLS  IN 
THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Feet. 

1.  Long  Peak,  the  highest  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  Missouri  Territory 12,000 

2.  James  Peak Do Do 11,500 

3.  Inferior  Peaks  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  varying  from  10,700  to 7,200 

4.  Mount  Washington,  the  highest  of  the  White  Hills,  New  Hampshire, 6,234 

5.  Inferior  Peaks  of  the  White  Hills,  varying  from  5,328  to 4,356 

6.  Moosehillock  Mountain,  Grafton  county,  New  Hampshire. < 4,636 

7.  Mansfield  or  Chin  Mountain,  Chittenden  county,  Vermont ; 4,279 

8.  Camel's  Rump Do Do. ; . . . ,  j 4,188 

9.  Shrewsbury  Peak,  Rutland  county,  Vermont , .  * . 4,034 

10.  Saddleback  Mountain,  Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts 4,000 

11.  Table  Mountain,  Pendleton  district,  South  Carolina . ; 4,000 

12.  Peaks  of  Otter,  Bedford  county,  Virginia .....; 3,955 

13.  Killington  Peak,  Rutland  county,  Vermont 3,924 

14.  Round-Top,  the  highest  of  the  Catskill  Mountains,  New  York 3,804 

15.  High  Peak,  one  of  the Do Do 3,718 

16.  Grand  Monadnock,  Cheshire  county,  New  Hampshire 3,718 

17.  Manchester  Mountain,  Bennington  county,  Vermont .3,706 

18.  Ascutney  Mountain,  Windsor  county,  Vermont ,  3,320 

19.  Ozark  Mountains,  Arkansas  Territory,  average  height ;  3,200 

20.  Wachusett  Mountain,  or  Mount  Adams,  Worcester  county,  Massachusetts 2,990 

21.  Whiteface  Mountain,  Essex  county,  New  York t  ,2,€90 

22.  Kearsarge  Mountain,  Hillsborough  county,  New  Hampshire ...«*.  .-2,461 

23.  Alleghany  Mountains,  average  height *<.<.<  :2,400 

24.  Porcupine  Mountains,  Chippeway  country,  south  of  Lake  Superior < , .  2,400 

25.  Cumberland  Mountains,  average  height , , , .  .2,200 

26.  Moose  Mountain,  New  Hampshire tttt  .2,008 

27.  New  Beacon,  the  highest  of  the  Highlands,  New  York ,,..;..  .1,658 

28.  Butter  Hill,  one  t»f  the. Do Do , .1,529 

29.  Grigg's  Hill,  Vermont ,  < . .  .1,507 

30.  Mars  Hill,  Washington  county,  Maine « . .  .1,504 

31.  Bull  Hill,  one  of  the  Highlands,  New  York ,.  < .1,484 

32.  Old  Beacon Do .Do , . . . .  .1,471 

33.  Mauch  Chunk  Mountain,  Northampton  county,  Pennsylvania. ...«««.« A  ««.< V.  j  .1,460 

34.  Crows  Nest,  one  of  the  Highlands,  New  York ., , , . < 1,418 

35.  Bare  Mountain. Do Do ,.<.,, ...... .1,350 

36.  Pocono  Mountain,  Northampton  county,  Pennsylvania „  ..<......  .1,300 

37.  Mount  Tom,  Hampshire  county,  Massachusetts *,...< .1,200 

38.  Blue  Ridge,  Pennsylvania <*.«....:.•.  t .• .  1,200 

39.  Breakneck  Hill,  one  of  the  Highlands,  New  York .1,187 

40.  Blue  Hills,  Hartford  county,  Connecticut ; . . . .  .1,000 

41.  Mount  Holyoke,  Hampshire  county,  Massachusetts .-....;..  .990 

42.  Anthony's  Nose,  Putnam  county,  New  York ^ ........*.;,.;..  .935 


XIX.— LENGTHS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  RAIL-ROADS,  (FINISHED  OR  IN 
PROGRESS,)  IN  THE  U.  STATES. 

Miles. 

From  Hollidaysburg  to  JbhristbWil,  Penn 
sylvania 37 

Ithaca  and  Owego,  New  York 28 

Hudson  and  Berkshire,  Massachusetts. . .  .25 
Elizabethtown  and  Somerville,  New  Jersey  25 
Lackawaxen ;  from  Honesdale  to  Carbon- 
dale,  Pennsylvania  .....;..« ;  17 

Frenchtbwn  and  Newcastle Ifi 

Albany  and  Schenectady. . ; ........... .15 

Philadelphia   and   Norristown,  Pennsyl 
vania i 15 

Richmond  and  Chesterfield,  Virginia 12 

Mauch  Chunk,  Pennsylvania 9 

Haerlem 8 

Quincy,  Massachusetts 6 

New  Orleans 5i 


Miles. 
Baltimore  and  Ohio;  from  Baltimore  to 

Pittsburg 250 

Massachusetts ;  from  Boston  to  Albany . .  200 
Catskill  to  Ithaca,  head  of  Cayuga  Lake, 

New  York ;.......  ..167 

Charleston  to  Hamburg,  on  the  Savannah 

river 135 

Boston  to  Brattleborough,  Vermont 114 

Columbia  and  Philadelphia;  from  Phila 
delphia  to  York,  Pennsylvania^ *  96 

Lexington  and  Ohio;    from  Lexington, 

Kentucky,  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio .75 

Camden  and  Amboy ; . . . . ; 60 

Baltimore  and  Susquehannah 48 

Boston  and  Providence 43 

Baltimore  and  Washington 38 

3H 


458  APPENDIX. 

XX.— LENGTHS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  CANALS,  (FINISHED  OR  IN  PRO- 
GRESS,)  IN  THE  U.  STATES. 

Miles. 

Erie  Canal ;  from  Albany  to  Lake  Erie 363 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal ;  from  Washington  City  to  Pittsburg 341 

Grand  Pennsylvania  Canal ;  from  Columbia,  on  the  Susquehannah  river,  to  Hollidays- 
burg,  172  miles — thence  to  Johnstown  by  a  Rail-road  of  37  miles,  over  the  Alleghany 

mountains — from  thence  by  Canal  to  Pittsburg,  104  miles Total  313 

Ohio  State  Canal ;  from  Portsmouth,  on  the  Ohio  river,  to  Cleveland,  on  Lake  Erie 306 

Miami  Canal ;  from  Cincinnati  to  Maumee  Bay,  Lake  Erie 265 

Middle  Division,  Pennsylvania  Canal ;  from  the  mouth  of  the  Juniatta  river,  along  the 

North  Branch  of  the  Susquehannah  river,  to  the  southern  boundary  of  New  York. . .  .204 
Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal ;  from  the  Hudson  river  to  the  Delaware  river,  60  miles — 
joins  the  Lacka waxen  Canal  of  36  miles  in  length — at  Honesdale  connects  with  a 

Rail-road  of  17  miles,  to  Carbondale Total  117 

Schuylkill  Canal  and  Navigation,  from  Philadelphia  to  Port  Carbon 110 

Morris  Canal ;  from  Jersey  City,  opposite  New  York,  to  Easton,  Pennsylvania,  on  the 

Delaware  river 101 

New  Orleans  and  Teche  River  Canal,  from  opposite  New  Orleans  to  Berwicks  Bay, 

Attakapas 100 

Union  Canal,  commences  4  miles  below  Reading,  on  the  Schuylkill  river — thence  to 
Middletown  on  the  Susquehannah  river,  connecting  the  Schuylkill  Navigation  with 

the  Grand  Pennsylvania  Canal 82 

Farmington  Canal ;  from  New  Haven  to  Southwick,  58  miles — joins  the  Hampshire  and 

Hampden  Canal  of  20  miles,  to  Northampton,  Massachusetts 78 

Champlain  Canal ;  from  Albany  to  Whitehall,  Lake  Champlain 72 

West  Branch  Division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Canal ;  from  Northumberland,  along  the  W. 

Branch  of  the  Susquehannah  river,  to  Bald  Eagle  creek 68 

Savannah  and  Ogeechee  Canal;  from  Savannah  to  the  Ogeechee  river,  16  miles — to  be 
connected  with  the  Ogeechee  and  Altamaha  Canal,  from  the  Ogeechee  to  the  Altamaha 

river,  50  miles Total  66 

Eastern  Division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Canal;  from  Bristol  to  Easton,  on  the  Delaware 

river, 60 

Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal ;  from  Lamberton,  on  the  Delaware  river,  to  New  Bruns 
wick,  on  the  Raritan,  38  miles — to  be  supplied  with  water  by  a  navigable  Feeder  of  20 

miles,  from  Eagle  Island,  on  the  Delaware,  to  the  main  Canal,  at  Trenton Total  58 

Cumberland  and  Oxford  Canal ;  from  Bridgeton  to  Portland,  Maine — (partly  natural  and 

partly  artificial) 50 

Lehigh  Canal ;  from  Easton  to  Stoddartsville,  Pennsylvania 47  > 

Blackstone  Canal ;  from  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  to  Worcester,  Massachusetts 45 

Oswego  Canal,  a  branch  of  the  Erie  Canal ;  from  Syracuse  to  Oswego,  on  Lake  Ontario,  38 
James  River  Canal  \  from  Richmond,  Virginia,  extending  upwards  along  the  north  bank 

of  James  river ^ 30£ 

Middlesex  Canal ;  from  Merrimack  river  to  Boston  harbor 27 

Dismal  Swamp  Canal,  connects  Chesapeake  Bay  with  Albemarle  Sound 22£ 

San  tee  and  Cooper  River  Canal ;  from  Santee  river  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina 22 

Cayuga  and  Seneca  Canal ;  from  Geneva  to  Montezuma,  on  the  Erie  Canal 20 

Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal;  from  Delaware  City  to  Chesapeake  City — connects 

Delaware  river  with  Chesapeake  bay 14 

Port  Deposit  Canal ;  from  Port  Deposit,  on  the  Susquehannah  river,  to  the  south  bound 
ary  of  Pennsylvania - 10 

Louisville  and  Portland  Canal,  Kentucky 2 


[For  further  statistical  tables  see  pages  23, 24,  25,  26,  41,  42,  43, 44, 157, 158.] 


APPENDIX.  459 


INDEX  TO  THE  STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


Page 

Population  of  the  different  States  and  Territories,  according  to  five  enumerations 23 

Total  Population,  and  the  number  of  Slaves  in  the  United  States  at  different  periods, 

with  the  respective  increase 24 

The  Population  of  the  several  States  and  Territories  in  1830;  the  number  of  square 

miles ;  the  Population  to  a  square  mile,  and  the  number  of  Slaves  in  1830 ib. 

Colleges  in  the  United  States 25 

Theological  Seminaries  in  the  United  States 26 

Medical  Schools  in  the  United  States ib. 

Principal  Officers  under  the  Federal  Constitution,  &c 41  to  44 

Table  exhibiting  the  Seats  of  Government,  the  times  of  holding  the  Election  of  Stajte 

Officers,  and  the  time  of  the  meeting  of  the  Legislature  of  the  several  States 157 

Table  exhibiting  the  Governor's  term  and  salary,  the  number  of  Senators  and  Repre 
sentatives,  with  their  respective  terms  and  pay,  and  the  mode  of  choosing  Electors  of 

President  and  Vice  President,  in  the  several  States 158 

Imports,  Exports,  and  Tonnage  of  each  State 447 

Compensation  to  Officers  of  the  Army,  &c ib. 

Inspections  of  Flour,  &c 448 

Table  showing  the  whole  quantity  of  Public  Land  in  the  different  States,  &c ib. 

Table  of  the  Public  Debt  at  different  periods. . . 449 

Slaves  in  the  United  States  at  five  official  enumerations ib. 

Number  of  persons  in  the  United  States  100  years  old  and  upwards 450 

Religious  denominations ib. 

Presidential  Electors 451 

British  Slave  Colonies  in  the  West  Indies,  &c ib. 

British  North  American  Colonies ib. 

Table  of  the  Tribes  of  Indians  remaining  within  the  United  States,  and  the  quantity  of 

Land  claimed  by  them 452 

Commerce  of  the  United  States,  for  1830 453 

Commerce  of  each  State  and  Territory,  for  1830 454 

Navigation  of  the  United  States,  for  1830 455 

Classification  of  the  Census  for  1830 456 

Lengths  of  the  principal  Rivers  in  the  United  States ib. 

Heights  of  the  principal  Mountains  in  the  United  States 457 

Lengths  of  the  principal  Rail-Roads  in  the  United  States ib. 

Lengths  of  the  principal  Canals  in  the  United  States 458 


460  APPENDIX. 

PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  THE  TABLES. 


1.  Which  state  imports  the  greatest  amount  of  goods'? 

2.  Which  next! 

3.  Mention  the  four  next  in  order. 

4.  Which  state  exports  the  greatest  quantity  of  domestic  produce? 

5.  Which  next? 

6.  Mention  the  four  next  in  order. 

7.  Which  state  exports  the  most  foreign  produce? 

8.  Which  two  next  in  order  ? 

9.  Which  state  has  the  greatest  amount  of  shipping  ? 

10.  Which  next? 

11.  Can  you  mention  the  four  next  in  order  ? 

12.  At  what  place  is  there  the  greatest  quantity  of  flour  inspected? 

13.  What  city  stands  next  ? 

14.  Mention  the  four  next  in  order. 

15.  What  was  the  quantity  of  public  land  belonging  to  the  United  States  in  1828  ? 

16.  At  what  period  was  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States  the  greatest? 

17.  To  what  was  it  reduced  on  the  first  of  January,  1832  ? 

18.  What  was  the  number  of  persons  100  years  old  and  upwards,  according  to  the 

census  of  1830? 

19.  How  many  of  these  were  people  of  color  ? 

20.  Which  religious  denomination  is  the  most  populous? 
81.  Which  next? 

22.  Can  you  mention  the  six  next  in  order  ? 

33.  Which  state  is  entitled  to  the  largest  number  of  representatives  in  Congress,  and 
how  many? 

24.  Which  next,  and  how  many  ? 

25.  Mention  the  six  next  in  order,  and  their  number. 

26.  Mention  those  states  that  are  entitled  to  but  three  representatives, 

27.  Mention  those  entitled  to  two. 

28.  Which  state  has  but  one? 

29.  Mention  the  six  states  in  order  that  are  entitled  to  the  greatest  number  of  electors 

for  President,  and  their  respective  numbers. 

30.  Can  you  mention  the  six  next,  in  the  same  order? 

31.  What  is  the  total  number  of  representatives  in  Congress  ? 

32.  What  is  the  total  number  of  electors  for  President  ? 

33.  In  which  states  are  the  electors  chosen  by  general  ticket  ? 

34.  In  which  states  by  districts? 

35.  In  which  state  are  they  chosen  by  the  Legislature  ? 

36.  What  tribes  of  Indians  reside  in  Maine? — 37.  Massachusetts  ?— 38.  Rhode  Isiand? 

-^39.  Connecticut  ?— 40.  New  York  ?— 41.  Virginia  ?— 42.  South  Carolina  ?— 
43.  Ohio  ?-r44.  Michigan  Territory,  and  so  on  ? 

45.  From  what  country  do  the  United  States  import  the  greatest  amount  of  goods'1 

46.  Which  next? 

47.  Can  you  mention  the  six  next  in  order? 

48.  To  what  country  do  the  United  States  export  the  greatest  amount  of  goods,  in* 

eluding  domestic  and  foreign  produce  ? 

49.  Which  next  ?  Mention  the  six  next  in  order. 

50.  What  was  the  total  amount  of  imports  into  the  United  States  in  1830  "* 
•51.  What  was  the  total  value  of  exports  during  the  same  year  ? 


APPENDIX, 


461 


STEAM-BOAT  AND  CANAL  ROUTES. 


STEAM-BOAT  ROUTES. 
1.  BOSTON  TO  EASTPORT. 

•''•  State.  Distance. 

Cape  Ann Mass.  45 

Portsmouth N.H.  36  81 

Portland Me.  64  145 

Bath "  45  190 

Augusta  «  36  226 

Hallowell "  5  231 

Gardiner "  3  234 

Boothbay «  54  288 

Owl'sHead "  48  336 

Belfast «  30  366 

Castine «  12  378 

Eastport "  140  518 

2.  NEW  YORK  TO  BOSTON, 

Via  Providence,  R.  L 

Hell,  or  Hurl-Gate N.Y.       6 

Frog  Point "          9      15 

Sands' Point «         5      20 

Norwalk  Island Ct      20      45 

Stratford  Point «        15      60 

New  Haven  Light-House  ...  "        13      73 

Faulkner's  Island «        14      87 

Saybrook  Light-house,  mouth 

of  Connecticut  river " 

Off  New  London " 

Fisher's  Island,  west  end  ....  " 

Watch  Hill  Light-House  ....  " 

Point  Judith R.  I. 

Brenton's  Point " 

Newport " 

Prudence  Island,  south  end . .  " 

Canonicut  Point " 

Pawtucket  river " 

Providence " 

"  Pawtucket  Falls " 

Attleborough Mass. 

Foxborough " 

Walpole « 

Dedham " 

^  Boston « 

3.  NEW  YORK  TO  BOSTON, 

Via  Norwich,  Ct. 
Connecticut  ri  ver,  as  in  No.  2.      Ct 

Mouth  of  Thames  river 

New  London 

.Gales's  Ferry 

Norwich  Landing 

'Jewitt's  City 

Plainfield... 

Sterling 

Scituate R.  I. 

Johnson  

Providence 

^  Boston,  as  No.  2 Mass. 

4.  NEW  YORK  TO  BOSTON, 

Via  Hartford,  Ct. 
Mouth  of  Connecticut  river, 

as  before Ct 

Saybrook " 

Lyme " 

Haddam " 

Middletown " 

Wethersfield " 

Hartford « 

"Vernon " 

Tolland " 

Ashford " 

x    Pomfret 

CQ     Thompson " 

.Douglas.. Mass. 


16  103 

14  117 

1  118 
21  139 

9  148 

10  158 

2  160 
6  166 
9  175 

5  180 

6  186 
4  190 
8  198 
6  204 
2  206 

11  217 
10  227 


103 

14  117 

4  121 

5  126 
9  135 
8  143 
7  150 
4  154 

11  165 

7  172 

8  180 
41  221 


103 

2  105 

5  110 

10  120 
12  132 

11  143 
5  148 

11  159 

7  166 

10  176 

12  188 

8  196 

11  107 


State.  Distance. 

^  fMendon Mass.  12    219 

g  1  Medway »  13    232 

rl  Dedham «  12    244 

PQ  ( Boston «  10    254 

5.  NEW  YORK  TO  BOSTON, 
Via  New  Haven  and  Hartford. 
New  Haven  Light-house,  as 

before Ct  73 

New  Haven "  4      77 

'Wallingford «  12      89 

Meriden "  5      94 

Berlin... 


£ 


"         7    101 

«        10    111 

Boston,  as  before Mass.  106    217 


Hartford, 


6.  NEW  YORK  TO  NEW  HAVEN, 

Via  Norwalk,  Fairfield,  See. 
Hurl-Gate N.Y.      6 


Sawpits 

Horseneck Ct. 

Stamford " 

Norwalk " 

ISagatuck « 

Fairfield « 

Bridgeport '^ 

Stratford * 

Milford * 

New  Haven..  e 


28      34 
4      38 
6      44 
11      55 
58 
63 
67 
71 
79 


3 
0 
4 
4 
4 
10  85 


7.  NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY. 

Manhattanville N.Y. 

FortLee " 

Fort  Washington " 

Fort  Independence " 

Phillipstown " 

Tarrytown " 

Singsing " 

Haverstraw " 

Stony  Point " 

FortFayette " 

St.  Anthony's  Nose " 

West  Point " 

Cold  Spring " 

New  Windsor " 

Fishkill « 

Ne  wburg " 

New  Hamburg " 

Milton " 

Poughkeepsie " 

Hyde  Park " 

Pelham " 

Esopus  Landing " 

Rhinebeck  Landing " 

Redhook  Lower  Landing. ...  " 

Do.    Upper       do " 

Clermont " 

Catskill « 

Hudson " 

Coxsackie " 

Kinderhook  Landing " 

New  Baltimore " 

Coeymans " 

Schodac  Landing " 

Overslaugh " 

Albany " 


8 


10 
11 
13 
17 
27 
33 
36 
3J  39J 

1  403 
5      453 
7      52) 
31    56 
4      60 

60| 
6lJ 
68 
72£ 
76 
81 
3£    841 

i  91 
7  98 
3  101 

2  103 
9    112 
5|  117J 

11  1261 
3§  130 

2  132 

3  135 
7    142 
3    145 


8.  PHILADELPHIA  TO  NEW  YORK, 
Via  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Bridesburg Pa.  6 

Burlington N.J.  12      18 

Bristol  Pa.  1      19 

Bordentown N.J  10      29 

Trenton "  7     36 


462 


APPENDIX. 


State.  Distance. 

*(  Princeton.:. N.J.  11  47 

5  <  Kingston "  50 

6  I  New  Brunswick "  12  62 

Amboy "  13  75 

Elizabethtown  Point "  13  88 

TheKills N.Y.  5  93 

New  York "  5  98 

9.  PHILADELPHIA  TO  NEW  YORK, 

Via  Bordentown,  %c. 

Bordentown N.J.  29 

-;  r  Centreville "  10  39 

I^Hightstown "  4  43 

*(  Cranberry "  3  46 

Washington "  9  55 

Amboy "  11  66 

New  York N.Y.  23  89 

10.  PHILADELPHIA  TO  BALTIMORE, 
Via  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal. 

FortMifflin Pa.  8 

Lazaretto "  5 

Chester "  5  18 

Marcus  Hook " 

Christiana  creek Del. 

Newcastle 

Delaware  City "  10  45 

•a  (St.  George's 

I  ]  Summit  Bridge "  6  55 

£(  Chesapeake  City Md.  4  59 

Mouth  of  Back  creek "  3  62 

Turkey  Point "  8  70 

Grove  Point "  6  76 

Pool's  Island "  16  92 

Miller's  Island "  8  100 

NorthPoint "  8  108 

Sparrow's  Point "  4  112 

FortM'Henry "  6  118 

Baltimore "  3.121 

11.  PHILADELPHIA  TO  BALTIMORE. 
Via  Newcastle  and  Frenchtwon  Rail  Road. 

Newcastle Del.     35 

Frenchtown,  by  the  Rail  Road    Md.      16      51 

Turkey  Point "        13      64 

Baltimore "        51     115 

12.  BALTIMORE  TO  NORFOLK, 

FortM'Henry Md, 

Sparrow's  Point " 

NorthPoint " 

Bodkin  Point " 

Stony  Point " 

SandyPoint " 

Thomas  Point " 

Three  Sisters " 

Herring  Bay " 

Sharp's  Island " 

Cove  Point " 

Drum  Point,  mouth  of  Patux- 

ent  river " 

Cedar  Point " 

Point  Lookout,  mouth  of  the 

Potomac Va. 

Smith's  Point " 

Windmill  Point,  mouth  of  the 

Rappahannock " 

Gwynn's  Island " 

Point  No-Point " 

New  Point  Comfort " 

Back  River  Point " 

Old  Point  Comfort " 

Fort  Calhoun " 

Craney  Island " 

Norfolk.. 


6  9 

4  13 

4  17 

4  21 

6  27 

10  37 

6  43 


20  79 

6  85 

4  89 

17  106 

11  117 


21  138 

7  145 
6  151 
9  160 

12  172 

10  182 

1  183 

8  191 
6  197 


13.  BALTIMORE  TO  RICHMOND. 

To  Norfolk,  as  before Va.     1 97 

Craney  Island "          6    203 

Newport  News ««          9    212 


State.  Dietanre. 

Tindrel's  Shoals Va  8    220 

Bun-ill's  Bay •  7    227 

Jamestown  Island «  12    239 

Dancing  Point "  9    248 

Tree  Point "  6    254 

Windmill  Point "  9    263 

Harrison's  Point "  6    269 

City  Point "  5    274 

Shurley  Ferry "  2    276 

Osborn "  10    286 

Warwick "  20    306 

Richmond "  7    313 

14.  WASHINGTON  TO  NORFOLK. 

Alexandria D.  C.      5 

Mount  Vernon Va.  9      14 

Crane  Island "  12      26 

SandyPoint Md.  8      34 

Boyd'sHole Va.  18      52 

Mathias  Point "  8      60 

CedarPoint Md.  7      67 

Off  Pope's  creek,  Washing 
ton's  birth-place Va.  4      71 

Blackstone's  Island Md.  15      86 

Piney  Point "  12      98 

Roger  Point Va.  16    114 

Smith's  Point,  mouth  of  the 

Potomac "  5    119 

Norfolk "  87    206 

15.  WASHINGTON  TO  RICHMOND. 

To  Norfolk,  as  before Va.  206 

Richmond       do "  116    322 

16.  CHARLESTON  TO  SAVANNAH. 

Sullivan's  Island S.  C.  5 

Coffin  Land  Light-house   ....      "  8      13 

Stono  river "  9      22 

N.  Edisto  river "  14      36 

St.  Helena  Sound „ . .      "  10      46 

Port  Royal  Entrance "  26      72 

Calibogue  Sound "  15      87 

Tybee  Light-house Geo.  6      93 

Savannah "  15    108 

17.  SAVANNAH  TO  AUGUSTA. 

Onslow  Island Geo.  7 

Purisburg S.C.  11      18 

Ebenezer  Geo.  10      28 

Sisters' Ferry "  12      40 

Hudson's  Ferry "  13      53 

Briar  C "  12      65 

Burton's  Ferry "  14      79 

Dog  Ferry.... «  25    104 

Gray's  Landing S.C.  14    118 

Walloon's  Ferry Geo.  18    136 

Augusta "  4    140 

18.  MOBILE  TO  MONTGOMERY. 

Florida Al.  33 

Alabama  river "  4      37 

FortMims «  9      46 

Little  river "  13      59 

Claiborne «  38      97 

Black's  Bluff "  29    126 

Blacksville "  14    140 

Prairie  Bluff «'  30    170 

Canton «  12    182 

Portland «  20    202 

Red  Bluff «  7    209 

Cahawba "  20    229 

Selma "  17    246 

Vernon «  46    292 

Washington «  15    307 

Montgomery "  13    320 

19.   PlTTSBURG  TO  NEW  ORLEANS. 

Middletown  Pa.  11 

Economy "  8     19 

Beaver...  «  10 


APPENDIX. 


Georgetown  ,, 

Wellsville  ... 

Steubenville.. 

Wellsburg... 

Warren  . . . . 

Wheeling  ... 

Elizabeth  town 

Sistersville  .. 

Newport  ..... 

Marietta 

Vienna 

Parkersbu 

Belpre  and 

Troy 

Belleville 

Letart's  Rapids 

Point  Pleasant 

Gallipolis 

Guyandot 

Burlington 

Greensburg 

Concord 

Portsmouth 

Alexandria 

Vanceburg  

Manchester , 

Maysville,  Ken.  and  Aberdeen 

Charleston 

Ripley 

Augusta 

Neville 

Moscow 

Point  Pleasant 

New  Richmond  

Columbia 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  Coving- 
ton  and  Newport 

North  Bend 

Lawrenceburg 

Aurora 

Petersburg 

Bellevue 

Rising  Sun 

Fredericksburg 

Vevay,  In.  and  Ghent 

Port  William  

Madison  

New  London 

Bethlehem 

Westport 

Transylvania 

Louisville,  Ken.  and  Jeffer- 
sonville 

Falls  of  Ohio,  Shippingsport  . 

Clarksville 

Portland,  Ken.  and  New  Al 
bany  

Salt  river 

Northampton. .., 

Leavenworth 

Fredonia 

Stephensport,  Ken.  and  Rome 

Troy  

Rockport 

Owenborough 

Evansville 

Henderson 

Mount  Vernon 

Carthage 

Wabash  river 

Raleigh 

Shawneetown 

Battery  Rock 

Cave-in-Rock . . . . 

Kirksville 

Golconda 

Smithland,  mouth  of  the  Cum 
berland  river 


State. 

Pa. 

Ohio 

Va. 

Ohio 

Va. 


Ohio 

.".*".'.*.".'.    Va. 

rhasset's  I.  Ohio 
I.'."."!.'!     Va. 

.*.".'.".'.*.'    Va. 

Ohio 

Va. 

Ohio 

Ken. 

..  Ohio 


Ken. 
Ohio 
Ohio 
Ken. 
Ohio 
Ken. 
Ohio 


Ken. 
Ohio 
In. 

Ken. 

In. 
Ken. 


In. 


Ken. 


In. 

Ken. 

In. 

In. 

Ken. 

In. 


In. 


Ken. 

In. 
Ken. 

In. 
Ken. 


II. 


Ken. 
11. 


DUtance. 

13      42 
7      49 


20  69 

7  76 

6  82 

10  92 

11  103 
34  137 
27  164 

14  178 

6  184 

5  189 
4  193 

10  203 

7  210 
37  247 
27  274 

4  278 

27  305 

10  315 
19  334 

12  346 

7  353 
2  355 

18  373 

16  389 

11  400 
4  404 

6  410 

8  418 

7  425 
7  432 

4  436 

7  443 

15  458 

8  466 
15  481 

8  489 

2  491 

2  493 

8  501 

2  503 

18  521 

11  532 
8  540 

15  555 

12  567 
8  575 
7  582 

15  597 

12  609 

2  611 

1  612 

2  614 
22  636 
18  654 

17  671 
2  673 

32  705 

25  730 

16  746 
12  758 
36  794 
12  806 

28  834 
12  846 

7  853 

5  858 

6  864 
11  875 
10  885 

5  890 

15  905 


Ken,     10    915 


Paducah,  mouth  of  the  Ten 
nessee  river  

Belgrade 

America 

Trinity 

Junction  of  the  Mississippi 
and  Ohio  rivers 

Beckwiths 

Columbia 

Mill's  Point 

Hickmanton 

New  Madrid 

Riddle's  Point 

Little  Prairie 

Fulton 

Randolph 

Greenock  

Memphis 

St.  Francis  river 

Helena 

White  river 

Arkansas  river 

Villemont 

Princeton 

Sparta 

Mouth  of  the  Yazoo  river. . . 

Vicksburg 

Warrenton 

Palmyra 

Point  Pleasant 

Rockport 

Bruinsburg 

Rodney  

Natchez 

Fort  Adams 

Red  river 

Atchafalaya  river 

Tunica  Bend 

St.  Francisville  and  Point 
Coupee  

Baton  Rouge 

Bayou  Plaquemines 

St.  Gabriel's  Church 

Donaldsonville 

Gen.  Hampton 

Bringiers 

Cantrel's  Churches 

Bonnet  Quatre  Church 

Red  Church 

New  Orleans 


Ken 
II. 


Mo. 
Ken. 


Mo, 


Ten. 

A.T. 
Ten. 
A.T. 


Mi. 
La. 
Mi. 


La. 

Mi. 


La. 


463 


13  928 

6  934 

28  962 

6  968 

4  972 
12  984 

6  990 
16  1006 
10  1016 

22  1038 

20  1058 
28  1086 
51  1137 

21  1158 
37  1195 
10  1205 
72  1277 
12  1289 
60  1349 

10  1359 
50  1409 
70  1479 
82  1561 

3  1564 

12  1576 

11  1587 

7  1594 
9  160? 

13  1616 

14  1630 
7  1637 

45  1682 
56  1738 
14  1752 
3  1755 
27  1782 

23  1805 
34  1839 

20  1859 

7  1866 

21  1887 

8  1895 
6  1901 
6  1907 

31  1938 
18  1956 
21  1977 


NEW  ORLEANS  TO  ST.  Louis. 


Mouth  of  the  Ohio  river  .... 

Elk  Island 

Dogtooth  Island 

English  Island 

Cape  Girardeau 

Bainbridge,  Mo.    and    Ham 
burg 

Muddy  Creek 

Lacouses  Island 

Mary's  Creek 

Kaskaskia  river 

River  au  Vases 

St.  Genevieve 

Fort  Chartres 

Rush  Island 

Herculaneum 

Harrison 

Marrameck  river 

Carondolet 

St,  Louis 


1005 
8  1013 

8  1021 

14  1035 
Mo.   11  1046 

II.   10  1056 

15  1071 

16  1087 
II.    9  1096 

6  1102 
Mo.   10  1112 

9  1121 
II.   10  1131 

10  1141 

Mo.   10  1151 

II.    1  1152 

Mo.   10  1162 

«   12  1174 

7  1181 


21.  NEW  ORLEANS  TO  FLORENCE,  AL. 
Mouth  of  the  Ohio  river  ....         1005 
Trinity II.    41009 


America, 
Belgrade 


6  1015 
28  1043 


464 


APPENDIX, 


Diitan 


Paducah,  mouth  of  the  Ten 
nessee  river Ken.  61049 

Dunal'sFerry "  371086 

Ford's  Ferry Ten.  291115 

Petersville 5  1120 

Reynoldsburg 36  1156 

Duck  river 18  1174 

Perryville 24  1198 

Carrollville 27  1225 

Coffee 261251 

Savannah 91260 

Waterloo Al.  251285 

Bear  creek 121297 

Colbert's  Ferry  141311 

Florence 24  1335 

22.  NEW  ORLEANS  TO  NASHVILLE. 

Mouth  of  the  Ohio  river 1005 

America II.  101015 

Belgrade "  281043 

Paducah Ken. 

Smithland,  mouth  of  the  Cum 
berland  river "  61049 

Eddyville  "  56  1105 

Canton "  20  1125 

Dover Ten.  30  1155 

Palmyra "  311186 

Redriver "  61192 

Harpethriver "  201212 

Nashville  "  401252 

23.  NEW  ORLEANS  TO  NATCHITOCHES. 

Donaldsville La.  90 

Baton  Rouge "  48 

Mouth  of  Red  river "  87 

Black  river "  28 

Bayou  Saline "  20 

Alexandria "  56 

Regolet  de  Bondieu "  18 

Bayou  Cane "  36 

Natchitoches "  24 


138 
225 
253 
273 
329 
347 
383 
407 


24.  NEW  ORLEANS  TO  MOBILE. 

Lake  Ponchartrain La.  5 

Point  Aux  Herbes "  20 

LakeBorgne "  19 

Malhereux  Islands "  10 

Isles  Santa  Marie "  15 

Cat  Island "  10 

Ship  Island "  6 

Round  Island "  7 

Pascagoula  Bay Mi.  9 

Mobile,  by  land Al.  45 


25 
44 
54 
69 
79 
85 
92 
101 
146 

25.  NEW  ORLEANS  TO  THE  MOUTH  OF  THE 

MISSISSIPPI  RIVER. 

Fort  St.  Leon  and  Woodville.     La.  19 

Gentility "  13  32 

Garrets "  4  36 

Plaquemines "  6  42 

Point  La  Hache "  4  46 

Fort  Jackson "  23  69 

Fort  St.  Philip "  4  73 

Fork  of  South  Pass "  25  98 

Fork  of  Pass  a  la  Loutre "  6  104 

Balize "  5  109 

Frank's  Island    Light-house, 

and  mouth  of  the  Mississippi    "  5  114 

26.  ST.  Louis  TO  FRANKLIN  AND  KANZAS  RIVER. 

Choteau  Island Mo.      10 

Missouri  river "          7  17 

Belle  Fontaine "          4  21 

SiouxPortage "          7  28 

StCharles "        12  40 

Femme  Osage  river "        17  57 

Point  Lookoff "          9  66 

Marthasville "        14  80 

Newport "          6  86 

Pinkney "          7  93 

Loutre  Island  .  "9  102 


Gasconade  river 

Osage  river  - -«• . . 

Jefferson  City 

Marion  .. ... 

Roche  river 

Boonville  .« 

Franklin .,,  ,«.... 

River  d  la  Mine..  *,.. 

Chariton  ..„ ... . 

Jefferson 

Grand  river  ............... 

Wyaconda  river 

Lexington 

Bluffton  

Fort  Osage 

Liberty  Landing 

Mouth  of  Kanzas  river 

27.  ST.  Louis  TO  GALENA. 

Choteau  Island  

Missouri  river 

Upper  Alton II. 

Illinois  river " 

Gilead " 

Clarksville Mo. 

Louisiana " 

Saverton " 

Hannibal " 

River  Fabius " 

Wyaconda " 

Fort  Edwards II. 

River  des  Moines Mo. 

Head  of  the  Rapids 

Henderson's  river II. 

Pope's  river " 

Fort  Armstrong  on  Rock  I»l. .      ** 

Fever  river " 

Galena " 


12  114 
31  M5- 

9  154 

17  171 
9  180 

23  203 
1  204 
7  211 

24  235 
7  242 

19  261 

13  274 
37  311 

18  329 
12  342 
18  360 
15'  375 


30.  BUFFALO  TO  CLEVELAND 

Sturgeon  Point N.Y. 

Cataraugus " 

Dunkirk " 

Portland " 

Burgett's  Town Pa. 

Erie " 

Fairview " 

Ashtabula Ohio 

Fairport »' 

Cleveland " 

31.  CLEVELAND  TO  DETROIT. 

Sandusky Ohio 

Cunningham's  Island " 

North  Bass  Island " 

Middle  Sister  Island " 

Amherstburg U.  C. 

Fighting  Island " 

Detroit, M.T. 


17 
24- 
38 

87 


10 

7 

7 
14 
49 

o  Qfy 

12  10& 
17  125 

7  132 

14  146 

15  161 

13  174 
9  183 

13  1% 

38  234 

17  251 

47  298 

42  340 

8  348 


28.  GALENA  TO  PRAIRIE  DU  CHIEN. 

Mississippi  river 8 

Galena  river Mo.T.  15      23 

TetedeMortC "         9      32 

Grant  river M.T.      9      41 

Cassville "          8      49 

Ouisconsin  river "        30      79 

Prairie  du  Chien "         2      81 

29.  ST.  Louis  TO  PEKIN,  IL. 

Choteau  Island Mo. 

Missouri  river " 

Upper  Alton II. 

Illinois  river " 

Monroe " 

Macaupin  creek " 

Mauvaise  Terre  C " 

Beard'sTown ,.  " 

Sangampin  river " 

Spoon  river " 

Pekin " 


10 

7  17 

7  24 

14  38 
7  45 

10  55 

47  102 

15  117 

16  133 
20  153 

27  180' 

16 

10  26 
13  39 
18  57 
18  75 

17  92 

11  103 

28  131 
32  163 
30  19J 

54 

12  66- 
10  76 
10  86 
20  106 

6  112 

12  124 


APPENDIX. 


465 


CANAL  ROUTES. 
32.  ERIE  CANAL. 

.   -   *                                                State.            Diitince. 

Albany  -           N.V. 

Atefe. 

N.Y. 

rn,  via  0 
Ohio 

44 

41 
44 

14 
41 

VIGA*TIO 

Pa, 

u 

L.PA. 
Pa. 

14 
M 

u 

CANAL. 
Pa. 

it 

u 

u     ^ 

44 

M 

41 

Distance. 

5      53 
7      60 
6      66 
6      72! 
Mo  Canal 
22 
12      34 
4      38 
5      43 
11      54 
11      65 
6      71 
8      79 
3      82 
7      89 
4      93 
22    115 
17    132 
26    158 
13    171 
JO    181 
5     186 
11     197 
18    215 
8    223 
9    232 
23    255 
25    280 
14    294 
13    307 

V. 

8 
9      17 
13      30 
14      44 
4      48 
6      54 
10      64 
23      87 
4      91 
12     103 
5    108 
2    110 

15*     19J 
111     31 
4      35 
9      44 
3      47 
3      50 
4J    54i 
18      72J 
n    82 

3 
8      11 
17      28 
3      31 
9      40 
7      47 
8      55 
17      72 
17      89 
13    102 
14     116 
11     127 
7     134 
8     142 
23     165 
3     168 

37    205 
34    239 
17    256 
12    268 
15    283 
2    285 
28    313 

Whitehall     . 

West  Troy  

44 

7 
2 
21 
16 
7 
4 
9 
3 
3 
16 
7 
2 
3 
10 
4 
3 
8 
7 
6 
3 
3 
2 
4 
4 
4 
4 
3 
6 
2 
6 
1 
5 
6 
6 

2 
6 
11 
9 
6 
1 
3 
5 
11 
2 
6 
10 
10 
2 
3 
5 
5 
2 
8 
4 
5 
1 
6 
12 
7 
12 
8 
3 

7 
2 
2 
8 
4 
3 
9 
2 
3 
8 

7 
7 
30 
46 
53 
57 
66 
69 
72 
88 
95 
97 
100 
110 
114 
117 
125 
132 
138 
141 
144 
146 
150 
154 
158 
162 
165 
171 
173 
179 
180 
185 
191 
197 
198 
200 
206 
217 
226 
232 
233 
236 
241 
252 
254 
260 
270 
280 
282 
285 
290 
295 
297 
305 
309 
314 
315 
321 
333 
340 
352 
360 
363 

9 
11 
19 
23 

26 
35 
37 
40 

48 

34.  CLEVELAND  TO  PORTSMOU 
Cuyahoga  Aqueduct 

Junction  .....         . 

4, 

Schenectady  

ii 

Old!  Portage  

44 

Schoharie  creek 

«< 

New  Portage  ...   . 

«< 

Clinton  

44 

44 

Bethlehem    .   . 

ii 

Bolivar  

Little  Falls  

M 

Zoar  

44 

Dover  ....              .  . 

it 

New  Philadelphia 

Frankfort  

44 

New  Comers'  Town 

M 

Coshocton  ..                .     . 

\Vhitesborough 

u 

Irville 

Oriskany      

tt 

Newark 

Rome  

a 

Hebron  

M 

Licking  Summit  

Loomis 

a 

Lancaster  Canaan 

Oneida  creek  ...     . 

« 

Columbus  side-cut       .  .  . 

Lenox  Basin  

M 

Bloomfield  

44 

Circleville  

New  Boston 

44 

Chillicothe                .       .  . 

Chitteningo  

« 

Piketon  

Kirkville    

(I 

Lucasville  ................ 

44 

Orville 

35.  SCHUYLKILL  NA 

Manayunk    

Syracuse          .     ... 

44 

Geddesburg  , 

41 

Norristown  ..   

44 

Camillus 

44 

Pottstown 

Canton  

44 

Unionville     

44 

Weed's  Port 

44 

Reading    .......4.... 

Centre  Port  

(4 

Hamburg  

Port  Byron 

H 

Port  Clinton 

Lake  port 

44 

Schuylkill  Haven       .  .  . 

Clyde 

44 

Pottsville  

Lyons                    .... 

« 

Port  Carbon  

Lockville  .-  

44 

36.  UNION  CANA 
Reading  .        ........ 

4, 

Port  Gibson 

11 

Bernville  

Palmyra 

44 

Stouche's  Town  

Fair  Port  

« 

Myer's  Town  

44 

Lebanon         

Pittsford 

44 

Tunnel  

tt 

Water-Works 

tt 

Swatara  Aqueduct  

Ogden 

(I 

Adams    

(4  - 

Middletown  *  

Brockport 

„ 

37.  PENNSYLVANIA 
Marietta  

Holley 

„ 

Murray  

H 

Bainbridge  

Albion 

u 

Middle  Town            

Portville 

tt 

High  Spire  Town  

Oak  Orchard 

44 

Medina        .  . 

44 

M'Allister's  Town  

Middleport    

ft 

Juniatta  river  

Lockport 

„ 

Millerstown  

Pendleton 

H 

Mifflin  

Tonnewanta  ...       . 

t( 

Black  Rock  

tt 

Buffalo 

tt 

33.  CHAMPLAIN  CANAL. 
Albany                                       N  V 

West  Troy. 

u 

Junction  .     .         .... 

44 

Frankstown  

Waterford   

It 

Hollidaysburg,  by  rail-road, 
to  John's  Town  

44 

Stillwater 

44 

Blairsville  <  .  . 

M 

<« 

Guard  Gates 

4, 

Allegheny  river  

Fort  Miller 

„ 

Freeport  

c  Edward 

„ 

31 

466  APPENDIX, 

LIST  OF  SOME  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  ROADS. 


Washington  to  Baltimore,  Philadel 
phia,  Trenton,  JVezo  York,  JVcio 
Jfaven,Hartford,Providence,  JVeto- 
port,  Boston,  Portsmouth,  Port 
land,  Eastport,  and  Bangor. 

To  Bladensburg,  Md Miles    6 

VansviHe 8    14 

Baltimore 25    39 

Joppa  Cross  Roads > .  - .  18    57 

Harford ••••§    63 

Havre  de  Grace - 11    74 

North- East,  P.  O ....10    85 

Elkton 6    91 

Christiana,  Del 10  101 

Newport 5  106 

Wilmington 4  110 

Naaman's  Creek 7  117 

Chester,  Pa 5  122 

Darby 8  130 

Philadelphia 7  137 

Frankford 5  142 

Holmesburg 5  147 

Bristol 10  157 

Morrisville 10  167 

Trenton,  N.  J 1  168 

Princeton 10  178 

New  Brunswick 16  194 

Bridgetown 12  206 

Elizabethtown 5  211 

Newark 6  21 

JVcto  York,  N.sY 9  226 

Harlem 8  234 

West  Farms 4 

New  Rochelle. 7  245 

Rye 8253 

Greenwich,  Ct 5  258 

Stamford 5  263 

Norwalk 9  272 

Saugatuck 3  275 

Fairfield 6  281 

Bridgeport 4  285 

Stratford 4  289 

Mi'ford 4 

JVewIIaven 10  303 

Meriden 17  32( 

Berlin 7  327 

Hartford 10  33' 

East  Hartford 3  340 

Tolland 14  354 

Stafford  Pool 7  36 

Sturbridge,  Mass 15  376 

Charlton 6  382 

Worcester 13  395 

Westborough 9  404 

Framingham 11  415 

Newton 11  42G 

Roxbury 6  432 

Boston 2434 


By  Pomfret. 

artford,  Ct 337 

oventry 15  352 

lansfield 6  358 

^shford 8  366 

omfret 11  37 

'hompson 6  383 

)ouglass,  Mass 8  391 

Jxbridge 5  396 

Mendon 6  402 

ellingham 6  408 

Medway 6  414 

Vledfield 5  419 

)edham 6  425 

Boston 10  435 

Road  by  Hartford  resumed. 

Boston,  Mass 43- 

'harlestown 1  435 

ynn 8  443 

alem 5  448 

everly 2  450 

Venham 4  454 

Hamilton 2  45( 

pswich 4  46C 

iowley 4 

Newburyport 8  472 


By  Springfield. 

Hartford,  Ct 

Windsor 734 

Suffield,  Mass 10 

Springfield 11  36, 

Palmer 16  37 

Western 8  37 

Brookfield 6  38 

Spencer 7  39° 

Leicester 5  40 

Worcester 6  41 

Boston .'.3945 

By  Providence. 

New  Haven 30 

Branford .'....7  31 

Guilford 9  31 

Killingworth 9  32* 

Saybrook 9  33 

Lyme 4  34 

JVew  London ,16  35 

Norwich 14  37 

Jewett'sCity... 8  37 

Plainfield - 7  38 

Scituate,  R.  1 15  40 

Providence 15  41 


awtucket  Falls 4  420    harlestown 

ttleborough,  Mass 8  428 

Valpole 8  436 

edham 11  447 

'oston 10457 


...9  484  st 


496  st 


Jfewburyport  to  Eastport. 

Weicburyport 

Merrimack  Bridge 3  4 

Hampton,  N.  H 9  4 

Greenland 7  49 

^ortsmouth. 5 

York,  Me 9  50 

tennebunk 18  52, 

iaco 10  53 

'ortland 15  54 

North  Yarmouth 12  56C 

Freeport 7  56 

Brunswick 9  57 

Bath 758 

Woolwich 5  588 

.Viscasset 8  57 

AIna 5  58 

Newcastle 6  58 

Waldoborough 12 

Warren 7  61 

Thomaston 5  62 

Camden 10  63 

anaan 7 

Northport 5  64 

Belfast 

rospect  Landing 6  65 

-csport 1266 

hill 17  68 

869 

Ellsworth 

Trenton 6  70 

Sullivan 6  71 

Goldsborough 7  71 

•steuben 

Columbia 20  74 

Jonesborough  

Machias-bridge 9  76 

Machias,  E.  Falls 6  77 

Eastport 30  80 


337  Bucks 
Bluel 
354  Surrey 


Washington  to  Dartmouth  College 

Springfield,  Mass 36 

Northa  npton    18  37 

Hatfie  1 5  37 

Deerfield 12  39 

Greenfield 4  39    Athol 

Hinsdale 11  40 

Brattleborough,  Vt. 9  4 

Putney 9  42. 

Westminster « 10  43 

Walpole .* 1  43  Athol 


12  440 

Veathersfield 8  454 

Vindsor 9  463 

artford 14  477 

anover,  Dartmouth  College  4  481 


jston  to  Concord,  Dartmouth  Col 
lege,  JV.  H. ;  Montpelier,  Burling 
ton,  Vt. ;  Montreal  and  Quebec. 

ledford,  Mass ....      4 

toneham 5      9 

.eading..... ..3    12 

mdover 8    20 

alem,  N.  H ..10    31 

Londonderry 6    37 

Chester 11    48 

Concord 15     63 

ioscawen ....9    72 

alisbury 6    78 

Andover 8    86 

nfield 18  104 

lanover,  Dartmouth  College  12  116 

Norwich,  Vt 1  117 

Strafford 11  128 

Chelsea 10  138 

Orange 10  148 

Barre 6  154 

Montpclier 6  160 

Middlesex 6  166 

.Vaterbury 6  172 

Bolton 8  18O 

Richmond 5  185 

Williston 5  190 

Burlington 8  198 

Colchester 6  204 

472  Milton 8  212 

Georgia 8  220 

St.  Albans 4224 

Swanton 9  233 

.Johns 34  267 

La  Prairie 18  235 

Montreal 9  294 

St.  Sulpice .35  329 

Bertnier .30  359 

Trois  Rivieres 41  400 

St.  Ann's 24  424 

St.  Augustine 40  464 

Quebec 


Boston  to  Albany. 

Eloxbury 

Vewton 7 

Framingham 12 

Westborough 9 

Worcester 9 

Leicester 6 

5 

Brookfield 7 

Western 6 

Belchertown 14 

Northampton 16 

Chesterfield 14 

Hinsdale 17 

9 

New  Lebanon  Springs,  N.  Y.  .7 

Stephentown 9 

Schoodic 11 

9 


638  Spencer. 


6  698pittsfield. 


.9  726  Albany 


30 
39 
45 
50 
57 
tiS 
77 
»3 
107 
124 

m 

340 
149 
160 


Boston  to  Greenfield  and  Brattle- 
borough. 

Lexington 10 

Concord 6  16 

Stow 8  24 

Bolton 7  31 

Lancaster 4  35 

Leominster 7  42 

Westminster 10  52 

Templeton 8  60 

8  68 

Montague 25  83 

Greenfield 7  90 


Boston  to  Brattleborough. 


63 


APPENDIX. 


467 


Winchester                              7      84  1 

Madison                             •    30    641 

Hinsdale                                  5      89  J 

fl'Mimville                      .   •  35    676 

efferson                                40    716 

Vashville                                25    741 

uffalo                                  40    293 

Washington  to  Richmond,  Raleigh,  ] 
Columbia,  Milledgeville,  Fort  Stod-  ] 
dart,  Mobile,  and  New  Orleans.     ' 

''ranklin  18    759 

On  Lake  Erie. 
rie  JOG    392 

)uck  river  ....34    793 

Vl'Intoshville  Mis    77    939 

Occoquan  Va                        16      23  1 

-luntston                 ...     .  220  1160 

leveland.  •-.  30    492 

Dumfries                                10      33  ' 

Washington                           14  1174 

Aquia                                       9      42  1 

Vatchez                                   6  1180 

Maiden                ...           90    639 

Stafford       5      47 

Homochitto  river  20  1200 

Fredericksburg       11      58 

Amite  river  39  1239 

Albany  to  Buffalo  by  Cherry  Galley. 

Vileboroueh                        .  14      72 

*t    HpJon.i  r.    H                             9Q   19fi« 

Bowline  Green              8      80'Springfield.            .                10  1278 

White  Chimnies              •   •  13      93JMaHiHnnviiio      .                   OQ  iin? 

Hanover  C  H                  ....10    103 

Fort  St  John                         23  1330 

choharie                     ...  10      30 

Richmond                      •  20     £23 

Manchester                   2    125 

Petersburg  •  -21    146 

Pittsburg  to  New  Orleans,  by  water. 
Mouth  of  the  Ohio  949 
New  Madrid  65  1014 
First  Bluff              .       .         70  1080 

herry  Valley  6     £2 

Hillups       9    155 

nringfield     6      58 

Harrisville       -   ••••  -.23    178 

Richfield  10      68 
Litchfield  7      75 

Gholson's                 21    199 

Warrenton   N  C     ....  31    230 

JLewisburg                             25    255 

Fort  Pickering                      63  1143 

Raleigh  32    287 
Averysborough   •    .-35    322 

St.  Francis  river  60  1203 
White  river  78  1281 

Madison  7      94 

Fayettcville              ...     .25    347 

Arkansaw  river  14  1295 

Winfield  S  C                       64    411 

Louisiana  boundary  102  1397 

Manlius                         ...  8    120 

Buffalo  as  above                 155    275 

Camden    52    471 

Walnut  Hills  14  1496 

Columbia,                      ....    35    500 

Natchez  117  1613 

Buffalo  to  Pittsburg. 
Eighteen  Mile  Creek  18 

Edge  field  C  H                       56    56° 

lugusta  *                                 24    586 

Red  river                                18  169 

Saundersville             .  .   •    .24    650 

Baton  Rou^e  33  179 

Waterford         15    113 

Millcdgemlle                          Q4    674 

Donaldsonville  57  1854 
New  Orleans                          83  193 

Meadville                23    136 

Fort  Hawkins  31    705 
Coweta                                   45    780 

English  Turn                        11  194 

Pittsburg                               71    °22 

Point  Comfort          56    836 

Fort  St  Leon  5  195 

Washington    to    Harrisburg,    and 
thence  to  Buffalo. 

Alabama  river                     149    985 

Gentilly      10  196 

Fort  Stoddart                        20  1005 

Fort  St.  Philip  44  200 
Balize  33  204 

Washington  to  Albany  -and  Mantrea 
New  York  city                     •       226 

Mobile,  by  water  40  1045 
Shieldsborough  107  1152 

Montgomery,  C.  H.  Md  12      14 

Washington  to   Charleston,  Savan 
nah,  and  St.  Mary's. 
Fayetteville  347 
Lumberton                             °3    380 

Peekskill                                31    26 

Fishkill  20    28 
Poughkeepsie  12    29 

Gettysburg  Pa  9      74 

Carlisle...'.  27    101 
Harrisburg             18    119 

Pedee  river   S  C                   60    440 

Rhinebeck                               6    31 

Halifax                19    138 

Hudson        37    34 

Sunbury  37    175 

Kinderhook              •              10    35 

Charleston  45    543 

Albany  30    38 
Witerford                              11    39 

Milton              11    188 

Muncey                    16    204 

Pocotaligo                              31    607 

Stillwater  9    40 

Williamsport  11    215 

Coosawhatchie  6    613 

Saratoga  15    42 
Fort  Edward      •                   12    43 

Tioga.....  65    280 
Lindleystown  N  V  10    290 

BryanC.H  IK    672 

Whitehall  25    46 
Burlington,  Vt.  on  the  lake  70    53 
Platt«burg  20    55C 

Painted  Post  *                      12    30** 

gatn                     is    320 

Riceborough          5    689 

Danville  27    347 

Leicester                     •••   >  17    364 

Montreal          21    63 

Batavia  25    389 

Albany  to  Buffalo,  Sandusky,  an 
Detroit. 

Buffalo       40    429 

St  Mary's              24    T^C 

Washington  to  Pittsburg  and  Erie. 
Fredericktown,  as  above  42 

Washington    to   New    Orleans,    bi 
Knoxville. 

Manheim                                 6      5 

Hagerstown        12      69 

I  ittle  Falls      *  11      6£ 

Messersburg  Pa  16     85 

OrnncrpP    Tt                                     20      IK 

M'Connelsburg  10      95 

Utica                            *          16      9 

Cro«sing  Juniatta  14    309 

ltT^»r   IJoi-tlXv/J                                                 A.          Of 

Bloody  Run  6    115 

Bedford  8    123 

Brownsbure                           w    SO^*31111"'0"                      -             Q    '"i 

Alle^hany  Mt  •  23    146 

Lexington  13    21* 

JManlins  11     12 

>  jarnpsville                               7    13^ 

Somerset                     ...    16    162 

Greensburg  36    198 

Fincastlp                                26    25£ 

Pittsburg  30    228 

Christiansburg  50    30* 
Wvthe  C  H                           38    34( 

}  Marcellu**              •       •       -10    15^ 

Franklin  70    208 

Meadville  25    323 

Waterford  25    348 

Blountsville,  Ten  24    421 

Erie          15    363 

Washington  to  Detroit. 

ilPift«hnr<f  ...                                       ,        298 

Rogersville  25    47 
Rutledge                                34    50 

I  Geneva  13    19 

-.  f'TTn>i.]->;,rll'l                                                     Ifi        901 

Knoxville                               33    538  Bloomfield                              1°    218  Beavertown  30    253 

Kingston..                      ...43    581  Lima  5    S23,New  Lisbon  30    288 

468 


APPENDIX. 


505  M 


Cuyahoga  river 56  444  Chillicothe 

Cleveland 36 

Sandusky 57  437  West  Union 

FortMeigs 30  46' 

Frenchtown 38 

Brownstown 18  523 

Detroit 18  54 


Philadelphia  to  Pittsburg. 

Buck  Tavern 

Downingstown 21 

Gap  Hill ,....9 

Lancaster • ...  23 

Elizabethtown 18 

Middletown 3 

Harrisburg .9 

Carlisle 16    11 

Shippensburg. ..  ... 

Chambersburg 10 

Loudon 13 

M'Connelsburg 8 

Pittsburg 133 


.60  417  Chester ?i 

.19  436  Naaman's  creek,  Del 5 

.38  474  Wilmington 7 

Ohio  river 16  490  Newcastle 5 

aysville,  or  Limestone,  St.  George's  town 10 

Ken 1  491  Cantwell's 9 

By  Oallipolis.  Duck  creek 11 

Marietta 317  Dover 12 

Belpre 15  332  Fredericka 12 

Troy 11  343  Milford 7 

Lading  Creek 24  367  Clowes 13 


39Fairhaven 11    378  Georgetown 8    114 


62  Gallipolis . 


Portsmouth 44    426Trap,Md 11    144 

88Alexandria 2    428SnowhiIl 20    164 

..21    449  Horntown,  Va ••••16    180 


97  Preston . 


.20    1ST 


Philadelphia  to  Baltimore,  by  Lan  Shelbyville 
caster. 

Lancaster 

Columbia..,., 10 

York  ....,,.,... 12 

Baltimore 48 


132  Vi 


Baltimore  to  Pittsburg. 

Hookstown 

Reislertown 12 

Westminster..., 11      31 

Taney  town 14 

Messersburg 43 

Pittsburg,  as  above 142    330 


est. 

20  St. 


Washington  to  Chillicothe,  Frank 
fort,  Vtncennes,  Kaskaskia,  St 
Louis,  and  St.  Charles,  by  Pitts 
burg. 

Pittsburg 229 

Canonsburg 18    247 

Washington 8    255 

Wheeling,  Va 32 

St.  Clairsville,  0 11 

Morris  Town 10    308 

Washington 24    332 

Cambridge..., 10    342 

Zanesville...,, 25 

New  Lancaster 36    403 

Tarlton 18 


421 
Chillicothe 16    437 

By  Marietta. 

Fairfax  C.  H.,  Va 

Centreville ,.,, 9 

Goshen , 11 

Middleburg 9 

Paris .....12 

Millwood 8 

Battletown 8 

Winchester 6 

Cacapon  River 20 

Romney 25 

Western  Port,  Md 26 

Greenclad  Creek. 15 

Youghiogeny  river 9 

Cheat  river 27 

Gandaysville,  Va -5 

Clarkesburg --~  .  .31 

Marshyille -,*.  -~-  -.-.  .23 

Ohio  river. . ...  -.-.-.  ......  .. .  ..57 

Marietta,  Omb  1    317 

Athens.-...  „., ...... M...    ..40 


4    382Dagsbury 19    133 


195 


Maysville,  Ken 25    474  Accomac  C.  H 15 

Washington 4    478  Northampton  C.  H 25    220 

143Blue  Licks 20    438JVorfolk 60    280 

Paris 21    519  Portsmouth 1    281 

164Lexington 22    541  Suffolk 28    309 

297  Versailles 13    554  Constant,  N.  C 20    329 

Frankfort .12    566  Mitchell 6    335 

19    585Parker 5    340 

Middfeton 20    GOSEdenton 17    357 

62  Louisville,  falls  of  Ohio  . .  .12  617  Cross  Albemarle  Sound  to 

72  Jeffersonville,  In 1    618     Plymouth 18    375 

84  Clarkesville 1    619  Washington 32    407 

—ncetmu 135    754  Newbern 35    442 

Kaskaskia,  II 146    900Trenton 20    462 

Fort  Charles 35    935  Humphreys 24    486 

.  Louis,  Mo 22    957  Wilmington 56 

.Charles 21    978Varennes 80    622 

Georgetown,  S.  C 48    670 

Washington  to  St.  Louis  and  St.  Charleston 62    732 

Charles,  by  Shawneetown. 

Lexington,  Ken 541 

irdstown 67  608  Augusta,  Oeo.  to  Lexington,  Ken. 

Bealsburg 16  624        through  the  Cherokee  nation. 

Elizabethtown 10  634 

Hardensburg 37  671  Columbia  C.  H.  Geo.. 

Yellow  Bank 47    718  Ray's  Mills 13 

Green  river 14    732  Washington 15 

Henderson 21    753  Lexington 23 

Morganfield 21    774  Athens 16 

~"    wneetown,  II 15    789  Clarkesborough 20 

298  Salt  Springs 12    801  Appalache  river 22 


287  Shai 


Big  Muddy  river 47    848  Enter  Cherokee  nation . 

Little  Muddy  river 10    858  Chatahouchee  river 10 

Beaucoup 


93 
106 


35 

50 
73 
89 
109 
131 


141 


11    869  Chestato  river 5  146 

367  Kaskaskia 49    917  Elawa  river 18  164 

Prairie  du  Rocher 14    931  Long  Swamp 14  178 

ahokia 47    978  Tocking  Rock  river 11  180 

St.  Louis,  Mo.  T 3  981  Oostanauieeriver,E.Branchl2  201 

St.  Charles 21  1002Vans , 17  218 

Oostanaulee  riv.  W.  branch  17  235 

15  Washington  to  Nashville,  Natchez,  Amoy  river 10  245 

and  New  Orleans.                Hiwassee  river 8  253 

35  Lexington,  Ken 54lTellico 33  286 

44  Nicholasville 14  555  Boundary  of  the  Cherokee 

56  Lancaster 15    570     nation 13  299 

64  Stanford 19    580  Knoxmlle,  Ten 27  326 

72Greensburg 75    665  Rutledge 33  359 

78  Crossing  Little  Barren  river  12    667  Oresville 12  371 

98  Blue  Spring...   10    677  Tazewell 13  384 

123  Glasgow 12    689  Powelsville 7  391 

149  Cross  Great  Barren  river... 29    718  Cumberland  Gap 7  398 

164  Bowling  Green 4    722  Cumberland  river,  Ken 13  411 

173  Crops  Gasper  river 14    736  Barbersville 14  425 

Russellville 14    750  Riceton 23  448 

205  Springfield,  Ten 25    775  Hazlepatch 8  456 

236  Nashville 30    805  Mount  Vernon 17  473 

259                                                               BigHill 5  478 

316  Philadelphia  to  Charleston,  S.  C.,  by  Richmond 14  492 

the  coast.                       Kentucky  river 10  502 

357Darby,pa 7 J  Lexington 1*  516 


ADDITIONS. 


ACTON,  t.  York  co.  Me.    Pop.  1,398. 
ADDISON,  co.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Indiana. 
Pop.  1,000.    Chief  town,  Fort  Wayne. 

ALAQUA,  t  and  cap.  Walton  co.  West 
Florida,  161  m.  W.  from  Tallahassee,  and 
1,011  from  W. 

ALBION,  t.  Kennebec  co.  Me.    Pop.  1,393. 
ALEXANDER,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine. 
Pop.  334. 

AMHERST,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  Pop. 
2,631.  Commencement  of  the  college  is  on 
the  fourth  Wednesday  in  August.  There  are 
three  vacations  in  a  year  :  the  1st,  from  com 
mencement,  4  weeks ;  the  2d,  from  the  4th 
Wednesday  in  December,  6  weeks ;  the  3d, 
from  the  3d  Wednesday  in  May,  3  weeks. 
The  number  of  volumes  in  the  libraries  is 
7,000.  Here  are  likewise  an  academy,  and  a 
seminary  called  the  Mount  Pleasant  Institu 
tion  for  the  education  of  boys :  it  has  9  in 
structors,  and  is  justly  celebrated.  See  this 
article  in  the  body  of  the  book. 

ANDES,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  1,859. 
ANCRAM,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.     Pop. 
1,533. 

ANN  ARBOR,  t.  and  cap.  of  Washtenaw 
co.  Mich.  42  m.  from  Detroit,  on  Huron  river, 
ARKANSAS,  co.  in  the  E.  part  of  Arkan- 
sas  Territory.    Pop.  1,423.    Chief  town,  Ar 
kansas. 

ARKANSAS,  t.  and  cap.  of  Arkansas  co 
is  situated  on  the  N.  side  of  Arkansas  river, 
114  m.  below  Little  Rock. 

ATHENS,  t.  and  cap.  of  M'Minn  co.  Ten 
153  m.  SE.  of  Nashville,  20  E.  of  the  Ten 
nessee  river,  and  572  from  W. 

ATLAS,  t.  and  cap.  of  Pike  co.  II.  on  the 
Mississippi  river,  148  m.  NW.  of  Vandalia 
and  929  from  W. 

ATHENS,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  729. 
BEDFORD,  v.  and  cap.  of  Bedford  co.  Pa 
Pop.  in  1830,  869. 

BELLEFONTE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Jackson  co 
Al.  172  m.  NE.  from  Tuscaloosa,  and  686  m 
from  W. 

BELLE  FONTAINE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Lo 
gan  co.  Ohio,  62  m.  W.  from  Columbus,  anc 
458  from  W.  Pop.  266. 

BERRIEN,  co.  of  Michigan.  Pop.  323 
Chief  town,  Niles. 

BLOOMINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  of  M'Lean 
co.  II. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  Pop 
1,072. 

BLOOMING  GROVE,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio 
Pop.  in  1830,  573. 

BLOUNTSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Bloun 


-o.  Al.  110  m.  NE.  from  Tuscaloosa,  and  748 
romW. 

BOLIVAR,  t.  and  cap.  of  Hardiman  co.  W. 
ennessee,  158  m.  SW.  from  Nashville. 

BOLIVAR,  t  Jackson  co.  in  the  NE.  cor- 
ler  of  Alabama,  near  the  boundary  of  Ten. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  of  Greene  co. 
n.  76  m.  SW.  from  Indianapolis,  and  648 
rom  W.  It  is  situated  on  White  river. 

BOLIVAR,  t.  Monroe  co.  Mis.  in  the  NE. 
>art  of  the  State,  a  few  miles  E.  of  the  Tom- 
>eckbe. 

BENTON,  t.  and  cap.  of  Yazoo  co.  Mis.  64 
m.  NW.  of  Jackson,  on  the  Yazoo  river. 

BRANDON,  t.  and  cap.  of  Rankin  co.  Mis. 
6  m.  NE.  of  Jackson,  and  1,051  from  W. 

BUCYRUS,  t.  Crawford  co.  Ohio,  60  m.  N. 
from  Columbus.  Pop.  670. 

BULLET,  co.  Ken.     See  Bullitt. 

BOWLING  GREEN,  t.  and  cap.  of  Clay 
co.  In.  69  m.  SW.  from  Indianapolis,  and  641 
from  W. 

CALHOUN,  co.  II.  in  the  W.  part  of  the 
state,  on  the  Mississippi  river.  Chief  town, 
Gilead.  Pop.  1,090. 

CARLINEVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Macaupin 
co.  II.  95  m.  NW.  from  Vandalia,  861  from  W. 

CARLYLE,  for  "v.  Washington  co.  II." 
read  t.  and  cap.  Clinton  co.  II. 

CARTHAGE,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.    Pop.  333. 

CHARLESTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  of  Clarke 
co.  In.  105  m.  SE.  from  Indianapolis,  and  583 
from  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  river,  13 
m.  below  Bethlehem,  and  is  a  flourishing  vil 
lage. 

CHESTER,  t.  and  cap.  Meigs  co.  Ohio,  94 
m.  SE.  from  Columbus,  343  from  W.  Pop. 
164. 

COLUMBIA,  t.  and  cap.  of  Boone  co.  Miso. 
56  m.  from  Jefferson  city,  24  E.  from  Frank 
lin,  and  991  from  W. 

COLUMBUS,  t.  and  cap.  of  Bartholomew 
co.  In.  41  m.  S.  from  Indianapolis. 

COLUMBIA,  t.  and  cap.  of  Marion  co. 
Mis.  120  m.  SE.  of  Jackson,  on  the  E.  side  of 
Pearl  river,  1,097  m.  from  W. 

COLUMBUS,  t.  and  cap.  of  Lowndes  co. 
Mis.  134  m.  NE.  of  Jackson,  on  the  river 
Tombeckbe,  near  the  boundary  of  Alabama. 
It  is  900  m.  from  W. 

COVINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  of  Fountain  co. 
In.  81  m.  NW.  from  Indianapolis,  and  654 
from  W.  It  is  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Wabash. 

CRAWFORDSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Mont 
gomery  co.  In.  44  m.  NW.  from  Indianapolis, 
and  617  from  W.  It  is  on  the  direct  road 
from  Indianapolis  to  Covington. 


470 


ADDITIONS. 


DAMASCUS,  t.  and  cap.  of  Henry  co.  Ohio, 
161  m.  from  Columbus,  and  485  from  W. 

DANVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Vermilion  co. 
II.  150  m.  NE.  from  Vandalia,  683  from  W. 
on  Vermilion  river,  near  the  boundary  of  In 
diana. 

DECATUR,  t  and  cap.  of  Macon  co.  II.  on 
the  Sangamon  river,  70  m.  N.  of  Vandalia, 
and  771  from  W. 

DEFIANCE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Williams  co. 
Ohio,  in  the  NW.  corner  of  the  state,  175  m. 
from  Columbus,  511  from  W.  Pop.  52. 

DELLS,  t.  and  cap.  of  Alachua  co.  Florida, 
178  m.  SE.  from  Tallahassee. 

DELPHI,  t.  and  cap.  of  Carroll  co.  In.  88 
m.  from  Indianapolis,  and  661  from  W. 

EDWARDSBURG,  t  and  cap.  of  Cass  co. 
Michigan,  169  m.  from  Detroit,  and  643  from 
W.  It  is  in  the  SW.  part  of  the  territory, 
near  the  boundary  of  Indiana. 

EQUALITY,  t.  and  cap.  of  Gallatin  co.  II 
137  m.  SE.  from  Vandalia. 

FAYETTE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Howard  co. 
Miso.  65  m.  N.  from  J.  C.  and  1,017  from  W. 

FARMINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  of  St.  Fran- 
cois  co.  Miso.  152  m.  SE.  from  J.  C.  and  912 
from  W. 

FERNANDINA,  t.  and  cap.  of  Nassau  co. 
Florida,  in  the  NE.  corner  of  the  territory,  at 
the  mouth  of  St.  Mary's  river,  313  m.  from 
Tallahassee,  and  841  from  W. 

FINDLAY,  t.  and  cap.  of  Hancock  co 
Ohio,  114  m.  from  Columbus,  and  502  from 
W.  Pop.  52. 

FULTON,  t.  and  cap.  of  Calloway  co.  Miso 
32  m.  N.  from  J.  C.  and  967  from  W. 

GALENA,  t.  and  cap.  of  Joe  Daviess  co.  II 
It  is  situated  in  the  NW.  corner  of  Illinois,  on 
Fever  river,  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth,  an< 
was  first  settled  in  1826.  It  was  originatet 
by  the  extensive  and  rich  lead-mines  in  its 
vicinity,  and  was  an  outpost  of  between  3  anc 
400  miles  advance  into  the  wilderness,  NW 
of  St.  Louis.  The  population  now  amounts  to 
near  1,000  inhabitants.  There  are  42  stores 
and  ware-houses,  and  about  250  dwelling 
houses.  There  is  a  weekly  journal  publishec 
here,  and  it  has  a  court-house  and  jail.  Fifty 
steam-boat  arrivals  are  the  annual  average  fo 
the  two  last  years ;  and  about  ten  million 
pounds  of  lead  are  annually  exported  from  thii 
place.  The  population  in  the  vicinity  is  esti 
mated  at  10,000.  It  is  326  m.  NNW.  fron 
Vandalia,  about  350  from  St.  Louis,  and  99( 
from  W. 

GASCONADE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Gasconade 
co.  Miso.  47  m.  E.  from  J.  C.  and  939  from  W 

GILEAD,  t.  and  cap.  Calhoun  co.  II.  sit 
uated  between  the  Mississippi  and  Illinoi 
rivers,  a  few  miles  above  their  confluence. 

GREENE,  t  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  85. 

GREENE,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  S 
from  Norwich,  120  WSW.  from  Albany.  Pop 
2,962. 

GREENFIELD,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  li 

m.  N.   from   Ballston,   36   N.  from  Albany 

Pop.  3,151. 

GREENFIELD,  v.  of  Highland  co,  Ohio 


2  m.  W.  from  Chillicothe,  and  74  NE.  from 
Cincinnati.     Pop.  390. 

GREENFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  of  Hancock 
o.  In.  21  m.  E.  from  Indianapolis,  and  552 
romW. 

GREENFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  of  Franklin 
o.  Mass,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut, 
1  m.  N.  of  Northampton,  95  WNW.  of  Bos. 
on,  and  396  from  W.    The  village  is  situated 
_  m.  from  the  river,  in  a  pleasant  and  fertile 
ract  of  country.     It  is  handsomely  built,  and 
las  considerable  trade.     Pop.  1,540. 
GREENFIELD,    t.    of  Hillsborough   co. 
.  H.  14  m.  NW.  from  Amherst,  35  SW.  from 
Concord.     Pop.  946. 

GREENLAND,  t.  of  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
S.  of  Great  Bay,  5  m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth. 
Lon.  70°  51'  W. ;  lat.  43°  3'  N.  Pop.  681. 

GREENOCK,  t.  and  cap.  of  Crittenden  co. 
Arkansas,  168  m.  from  Little  Rock.  It  is  sit 
uated  on  the  Mississippi  river,  a  few  miles 
above  Memphis,  in  Tennessee. 

GREEN  RIVER,  rises  in  Vermont,  and 
joins  Deerfield  river,  in  Deerfield,  Mass. 

GREENSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  of  Decatur  co. 
In.  98  m.  SE.  from  Indianapolis,  and  523  from 
W.  Pop.  1,540. 

GREENVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Bond  co.  II. 
20  m.  SW.  from  Vandalia,  and  801  from  W. 
[t  is  on  the  great  national  road. 

GREENVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Wayne  co. 
Miso.  200  m.  SE.  from  J.  C.  and  908  from  W. 

GREENVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Darke  co. 
Ohio,  in  the  western  part  of  the  state,  103  m. 
rom  Columbus,  and  501  from  W.  Pop.  160. 

HARRISBURG,  t.  and  cap.  of  Conway  co. 
Arkansas,  40  m.  NW.  from  Little  Rock,  and 
1,108  from  W. 

HARDY,  t.  and  cap.  of  Hardin  co.  Ohio, 
36  m.  from  Columbus. 

HENNEPIN,  t.  and  cap.  of  Putnam  co.  II. 
situated  on  the  Illinois  river. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  of  Mont, 
gomery  co.  II.  28  m.  NW.  from  Vandalia,  and 
809  from  W. 

HOLMESVALLEY,  t  and  cap.  Washing 
ton  co.  Florida,  121  m.  W.  from  Tallahassee, 
and  971  from  W. 

ILLINOIS  STATE.  The  following  coun 
ties  have  been  formed  since  the  last  census, 
viz. — Coles,  in  the  E.,  chief  town,  Charleston ; 
Cook,  in  the  NE.,  chief  town,  Chicago ;  La 
Salle,  in  the  N.,  chief  town,  Ottawa. 

INDIANA  STATE.  The  following  coun 
ties  have  been  formed  since  1830,  viz. — La 
Porte,  in  the  NW.,  chief  town,  Michigan ;  La 
Grange,  in  the  NE. ;  Huntington,  NE.  of  the 
middle ;  Miami,  N.  of  the  middle,  chief  town 
Miamisport ;  Grant,  in  the  middle,  chief  town 
Marion. 

INDEPENDENCE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Jack- 
son  co.  Miso.  177  m.  W.  from  J.C.  and  1,129 
from  W. 

JACKSON,  or  Davidsonville,  t.  and  cap.  of 
Lawrence  co.  Ark.  See  Davidsonville. 

JACKSONAPOLIS,  t.  and  cap.  of  Jackson 
co.  Michigan,  88  m.  W.  from  Detroit,  and  563 
from  W. 


ADDITIONS. 


471 


JACKSONVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Duval  co. 
Florida,  252  m.  E.  from  Tallahassee,  on  the  St. 
John's  river,  near  its  mouth. 

JACKSONVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Morgan 
co.  II.  It  is  115  m.  NW.  from  Vandalia,  837 
from  W.  and  about  12  E.  of  Naples,  on  the 
Illinois  river,  in  a  beautiful  and  healthy  sec 
tion  of  country.  It  is  the  seat  of  Illinois  Col 
lege,  which  was  founded  in  1829,  and  has  a 
fund  of  13,000  dollars,  and  has  from  20  to  30 
students. 

JEFFERSONTON,  t.  and  cap.  of  Camden 
co.  Geo.  in  the  SE.  part  of  the  state,  212  m. 
from  Milledgeville,  and  744  from  W. 

LAFAYETTE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Tippecanoe 
co.  In.  70  m.  NW.  from  Indianapolis,  and  643 
from  W.,  on  the  Wabash. 

LEWISTOWN,  t  and  cap.  of  Montgom 
ery  co.  Miso.  67  m.  E.  from  J.  C.  and  932 
fromW. 

LITCHFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  of  Jackson  co. 
Arkansas. 

LOGANSPORT,  t  and  cap.  of  Cass  co.  In 

MACKINAC,  t  and  cap.  of  Michillimacki- 

nac  co.  Michigan,  320  m.  NW.  from  Detroit, 

and  847  from  W. 

MACKINAW,  t.  and  cap.  of  Tazewell  co 
II.  149  m.  N.  from  Vandalia,  and  790  from  W 
on  Mackinaw  river,  which  flows  into  the  Illi 
nois  river. 

MARIANNA,  t.  and  cap.  of  Jackson  co 
West  Florida,  77  m.  NW.  from  Tallahassee 
927  from  W. 

MAYSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Clay  co.  II 
46  m.  SE.  from  Vandalia,  and  740  from  W. 

M'CONNELSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Mor 
gan  co.  Ohio,  70  m.  SE.  from  Columbus,  an< 
340  from  W.  Pop.  267. 

MENOMINIE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Brown  co 
Michigan,  on  the  W.  side  of  Winnebago  Lake 
MICHIGAN  TERRITORY.  There  have 
been  formed  in  this  territory,  since  the  census 
of  1830,  24  counties,  viz.— Lapeer,  E.  of  the 
middle ;  Sanilac,  in  the  NE. ;  Shiwassee,  in 
the  middle  ;  Saginaw,  N.  of  middle  ;  Hillsdale 
S.  of  middle;  Jackson,  S.  of  middle;  Ingham 
S.  of  middle ;  Branch,  S. ;  Calhoun,  SW.  o! 
middle;  Eaton,  SW.  of  middle;  Kalamazoo 
W.;  Barry,  SW.;  Allegan,  SW.;  Ottawa 
SW. ;  Oceana,  W. ;  Montcalm,  W.  of  middle 
Isabella,  NW.;  Gratiot,  in  the  middle;  Mid 
land,  N.  of  middle :  Gladwin,  N.  of  middle 
Aranac,  NE. ;  Kent,  SW. ;  Ionia,  in  the  mic 
die  ;  and  Clinton,  in  the  middle. 

MICCOTOWN,  t  and  cap.  of  Hamilton  co 
Florida. 

MIDDLETOWN,  t.  and  cap.  of  Henry  co 
Illinois. 

MILLERSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  of  Holmes  co 
Ohio,  in  the  middle  part  of  the  state,  8( 
from  Columbus,  and  341  from  W.  Pop.  319. 
MISSOURI  STATE.  The  following  coun 
ties  have  been  formed  since  the  last  census 
viz. — Audrain,  in  the  E. ;  Clarke,  in  the  NE. 
Lewis,  in  the  NE.,  chief  town,  La  Gran 
Ripley,  in  the  SW. ;  and  Stoddard,  in  the  i 

MONTICELLO,  t.  and  cap.  of  Jetferso 
co.  Florida,  29  m.  NE.  from  Tallahassee. 


MORTONSVILLE,  t.  Woodford  co.  Ken. 
0  m.  S.  from  Frankfort. 

MUNCYTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  of  Delaware 
o.  In.  59  m.  NE.  from  Indianapolis,  and  546 
rom  W.  It  is  situated  on  White  river,  in  the 
^.  part  of  the  state. 

NASHVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Washington 
o.  II.  a  few  miles  S.  of  Covington. 

NEWARK,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  Pop.  10,953. 
see  this  article  in  the  body  of  the  work. 

NEW  LISBON,  t.  and  cap.  of  Columbiana 
o.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,138. 

NEWMARKET,  t.  Washington  co.  Ken. 
5  m.  S.  from  Frankfort,  and  600  from  W. 
'op.  43. 

NEWPORT,  t.  and  cap.  of  Vermillion  co. 
ndiana,  86  m.  W.  from  Indianapolis,  and  658 
rom  W. 

NEW  MEXICO,  t.  Washington  co.  Mis. 
xn  the  Mississippi  river. 

NILES,  t.  and  cap.  of  Berrien  co.  Michi- 
gan,  179  m.  from  Detroit,  and  651  from  W. 
t  is  on  St.  Joseph's  river,  near  the  SW.  corner 
)f  Michigan. 

NORTH  LIBERTY,  t.  Jessamine  co.  Ken. 
Pop.  62. 

NORWICH,  t.  and  cap.  of  Chenango  co. 
N.  Y.  Pop.  3,774.  See  this  article  in  the 
jody  of  the  book. 

PADUCAH,  t.  M'Cracken  co.  Ken.  279  m. 
SW.  from  Frankfort,  817  from  W.  Pop.  105. 

PATTERSON,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  Pop.  7,731. 
See  this  article  in  the  body  of  the  book. 

PEORIA,  co.  and  t.  N.  part  of  Illinois. 

PITCHER,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1,214. 

PRINCETON,  t  and  cap.  of  Washington 
co.  Mis.  119  m.  NW.  of  Jackson,  and  1,154 
from  W. 

SAL  VISA,  t.  Mercer  co.  Ken.  21  m.  S.  from 
Frankfort,  and  572  from  W.  Pop.  78. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  of  Sangamoin 
co.  II.  79  m.  NW.  from  Vandalia,  and  867 
from  W. 

ST.  MARY'S,  t.  and  cap.  of  Mercer  co. 
Ohio,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  state,  1 11  m.  from 
Columbus,  and  508  from  W.  Pop.  92. 

SYDNEY,  t.  and  cap.  of  Shelby  co.  Ohio, 
86  m.  NW.  from  Columbus,  and  482  from  W. 
Pop.  240. 

TARECOOPY,  t.  and  cap.  of  St.  Joseph 
co.  in  the  N.  part  of  Indiana. 

THORNTOWN-,  t.  and  cap.  of  Boon  co. 
In.  62  m.  NW.  from  Indianapolis,  and  620 
from  W. 

VERMILLIONVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  La- 
fayette  co.  La.  192  m.  W.  from  New  Orleans, 
and  1,351  from  W. 

VILLEMONT,  t.  and  cap.  of  Chicot  co. 
Arkansas,  in  the  SE.  part  of  the  territory,  184 
m.  from  Little  Rock,  and  1,134  from  W. 

WAPAGHKONETTA,  t.  and  cap.  of  Al 
len  co.  in  the  W.  part  of  Ohio,  110  m.  from 
Columbus,  and  507  from  W. 

WATERLOO,  t.  in  Canada,  on  Niagara 
river,  opposite  Black  Rock. 

WEBBVILLE,  t.  Jackson  co.  Florida. 

ZOAR,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.    Pop.  129. 


THE  END. 


